WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.800 --> 00:00:06.639 Yeah, there you go, all right, the gateway to Mars. 2 00:00:10.240 --> 00:00:16.480 So here we are. Here, we are at the newly 3 00:00:16.519 --> 00:00:25.800 incorporated star based Texas. This is the first new city 4 00:00:26.079 --> 00:00:28.600 made in America in I think quite a few decades 5 00:00:29.519 --> 00:00:33.759 that at least, that's what I'm told. And a very 6 00:00:33.759 --> 00:00:36.840 cool name. And it's named that because it is the 7 00:00:37.439 --> 00:00:40.640 It is where we're going to develop the technology necessary 8 00:00:40.640 --> 00:00:44.880 to take humanity and civilization and life as we know 9 00:00:44.960 --> 00:00:47.520 it to another planet for the first time in the 10 00:00:47.560 --> 00:01:00.159 four and a half billion year history of Earth. Go 11 00:01:00.159 --> 00:01:02.679 with this little video here. This is how it started 12 00:01:02.719 --> 00:01:07.480 off with basically nothing. So start Starve started off as 13 00:01:07.519 --> 00:01:16.640 basically a sandbar with nothing. Even those little things we 14 00:01:16.719 --> 00:01:26.439 built obviously that's the original sort of Mad Max rocket. 15 00:01:44.200 --> 00:01:46.439 That's where you discovered light lighting is very important for 16 00:01:46.519 --> 00:02:05.079 that Mad Max rocket. So yeah, not that long ago, 17 00:02:05.439 --> 00:02:08.879 there was basically nothing here and in the space of 18 00:02:08.919 --> 00:02:12.840 about five or six years, thanks to the incredible work 19 00:02:12.960 --> 00:02:16.680 of the SpaceX team, we've built a small city and 20 00:02:17.199 --> 00:02:23.680 we've built two gigantic launch pads and a gigantic rocket 21 00:02:23.879 --> 00:02:28.840 factory for a gigantic rocket. And the cool thing is, 22 00:02:28.879 --> 00:02:32.560 for anyone out there who's watching this you can actually 23 00:02:32.560 --> 00:02:37.439 come and visit because our entire production facility and launch 24 00:02:37.439 --> 00:02:41.520 site are on a public highway, so anyone who comes 25 00:02:41.560 --> 00:02:45.800 to South Texas can come and see the rocket pretty 26 00:02:45.800 --> 00:02:50.479 close up and see the factory. And so if anyone 27 00:02:50.599 --> 00:02:53.520 is interested in seeing the largest flying object on earth 28 00:02:53.919 --> 00:02:56.280 can come here anytime they want and just drive down 29 00:02:56.520 --> 00:02:58.840 the public highway and see it, which is pretty cool. 30 00:02:59.840 --> 00:03:05.719 So then we progress to where we are now, start 31 00:03:05.759 --> 00:03:14.479 based twenty twenty five, so we're now at the point 32 00:03:14.479 --> 00:03:18.159 where we can produce a ship roughly every two or 33 00:03:18.159 --> 00:03:23.520 three weeks. Now, we don't always produce a ship every 34 00:03:23.520 --> 00:03:26.439 two or three weeks because we are making design upgrades, 35 00:03:27.919 --> 00:03:31.159 but ultimately we're aiming for the ability to produce one 36 00:03:31.199 --> 00:03:39.120 thousand ships a year, so three ships a day. So 37 00:03:39.159 --> 00:03:41.960 that's where things are now. I'm standing in that building 38 00:03:50.280 --> 00:04:11.639 that's our hovercraft. We're driving a booster down the road 39 00:04:11.680 --> 00:04:26.000 to the launch site. You can see the megabase, and 40 00:04:26.079 --> 00:04:27.959 I said, what's the cool The cool thing for those 41 00:04:28.000 --> 00:04:29.839 out there watching this video is that you can actually 42 00:04:29.839 --> 00:04:33.120 just literally come here, drive down the road and see it, 43 00:04:34.079 --> 00:04:36.720 which is the first time in history that that's been possible. 44 00:04:37.839 --> 00:04:42.600 So all this cool stuff. You that that road on 45 00:04:42.639 --> 00:04:45.279 the left there, that highway is public and you can 46 00:04:45.800 --> 00:04:47.800 just come here and see it, which I recommend doing. 47 00:04:47.839 --> 00:04:55.519 I think it's very inspiring to see. So that's our gigabay. 48 00:04:56.399 --> 00:04:58.920 So where we're expanding integration to produce one thousand star 49 00:04:58.920 --> 00:05:05.879 shows per year. Well, yeah, that hasn't been built yet, 50 00:05:05.920 --> 00:05:10.519 but we're building it. That is a truly enormous structure. 51 00:05:10.519 --> 00:05:11.839 Is that this will be one that'll be one of 52 00:05:11.879 --> 00:05:14.720 the biggest structures, I think, by some measures, the biggest 53 00:05:14.720 --> 00:05:20.480 structure in the world, and it's designed for a thousand 54 00:05:20.519 --> 00:05:26.879 starships a year. We're also building a gigabay in Florida, 55 00:05:27.439 --> 00:05:31.120 bringing so we'll have two facilities, one in Texas and 56 00:05:31.120 --> 00:05:36.439 one in Florida. It's it's actually difficult to gauge the 57 00:05:37.000 --> 00:05:39.360 size of these buildings because you need a kind of 58 00:05:39.399 --> 00:05:42.319 human for scale where you see how tiny a human 59 00:05:42.439 --> 00:05:44.600 is next to that building, you realize just how enormous 60 00:05:44.639 --> 00:05:50.879 it is. So when we look at our built comparison 61 00:05:50.959 --> 00:05:55.399 vehicles per year, and so you look at Boeing an 62 00:05:55.399 --> 00:06:02.480 airbus making airplanes, starship make it. We'll be making at 63 00:06:02.480 --> 00:06:07.160 some point probably as many starships from Mars as Boeing 64 00:06:07.199 --> 00:06:11.560 and Airbus make commercial airplanes, So this is really at 65 00:06:11.560 --> 00:06:17.079 a scale enormal scale, and each starship will have a capability. 66 00:06:19.000 --> 00:06:22.120 Each starship is bigger than a seven forty seven or 67 00:06:22.160 --> 00:06:28.519 an A three eighty, like, it's truly enormous. And then 68 00:06:28.560 --> 00:06:33.639 in terms of starship star stalling satellites, the Version three 69 00:06:33.680 --> 00:06:37.120 satellites making on the order of five thousand a year, 70 00:06:37.240 --> 00:06:39.399 maybe at some point closer to ten thousand a year, 71 00:06:40.079 --> 00:06:44.199 and those stalling B three satellites are each the size 72 00:06:44.240 --> 00:06:50.319 of roughly a seven thirty seven. They're pretty big. That 73 00:06:50.319 --> 00:06:52.800 compares to the B twenty four bomber in World War Two. 74 00:06:56.680 --> 00:07:02.839 Now it's still small compared to Tesla, so and Tesla 75 00:07:02.839 --> 00:07:06.759 will probably be doing you know, double or trouble that 76 00:07:06.839 --> 00:07:09.959 volume in the future. So it just puts things into 77 00:07:10.000 --> 00:07:13.920 perspective that is, it is actually possible to build a 78 00:07:14.000 --> 00:07:18.319 vast number of interplanetary star shifts. And even when you 79 00:07:18.360 --> 00:07:22.399 can compare things on the tonnage standpoint, Tesla is still 80 00:07:22.560 --> 00:07:25.040 and other co company is still building far more complex 81 00:07:25.079 --> 00:07:29.240 manufactured tonnage than this basics, which is really is a 82 00:07:29.240 --> 00:07:33.920 way of saying that it's very achievable. Like these numbers. 83 00:07:34.160 --> 00:07:38.160 While they are insanely high by traditional space standards, are 84 00:07:38.519 --> 00:07:43.319 are are achievable by humans because they have been achieved 85 00:07:43.319 --> 00:07:46.759 in other industries. Progress is measured by the timeline to 86 00:07:47.079 --> 00:07:50.600 establishing a self sustaining civilization on Mars. That's how we're 87 00:07:51.000 --> 00:07:55.079 gauging out progress here at star Base. So with each launch, 88 00:07:55.639 --> 00:07:58.759 especially in the early days of Starship, each launch is 89 00:07:58.800 --> 00:08:02.319 about learning more and more about what's needed to make 90 00:08:02.360 --> 00:08:06.519 life multiplanetary and to improve Starship to the point where 91 00:08:06.600 --> 00:08:10.399 it can be taking ultimately hundreds of thousands, if not millions, 92 00:08:10.439 --> 00:08:14.120 of people to Mars. Ideally we can take anyone who 93 00:08:14.160 --> 00:08:16.480 wants to go to Mars. We can take to Mars 94 00:08:17.519 --> 00:08:21.399 and bring with it, bring all of the equipment necessary 95 00:08:21.439 --> 00:08:25.759 to make more self sustaining so Mars can grow by 96 00:08:25.800 --> 00:08:29.680 itself in a worst case scenario. Getting to the point 97 00:08:29.720 --> 00:08:33.759 where the fundamental folk in the road for human destiny 98 00:08:34.240 --> 00:08:39.399 is where where Mars can continue to grow even if 99 00:08:39.399 --> 00:08:42.440 the supply shifts from Earth stopped coming for any reason. 100 00:08:43.080 --> 00:08:51.240 At that point, we've achieved civilizational resilience where Mars can 101 00:08:51.440 --> 00:08:54.200 potentially come to the rescue of Earth if something goes wrong, 102 00:08:54.559 --> 00:08:56.320 or maybe Earth could come to the rescue of Mars. 103 00:08:57.320 --> 00:09:02.399 But having two planets that are that can that that 104 00:09:02.480 --> 00:09:07.120 are both self sustaining and strong, I think it's going 105 00:09:07.200 --> 00:09:14.399 to be incredibly important for the long term survival of civilization. So, 106 00:09:15.759 --> 00:09:19.320 like just I think any given civilization is likely to 107 00:09:19.559 --> 00:09:21.919 last maybe I don't know, ten times longer, maybe much 108 00:09:21.960 --> 00:09:26.159 longer if it is a multiplanet civilization, then if it 109 00:09:26.200 --> 00:09:28.960 is a single planet civilization, because there's always there's always 110 00:09:28.960 --> 00:09:32.840 some chance that you know, us humans could do something 111 00:09:33.120 --> 00:09:36.279 crazy like World Wars three, hopefully not, but it's possible, 112 00:09:37.360 --> 00:09:41.759 or that there could be some natural event like meteors 113 00:09:41.879 --> 00:09:46.759 or super volcanoes or something that we don't expect, and 114 00:09:46.759 --> 00:09:49.519 and and then if you only have one planet, the neck, 115 00:09:49.600 --> 00:09:52.039 that could be curtains. But if we've got two planets, 116 00:09:52.679 --> 00:09:55.720 we keep going and and then we go beyond Mars, 117 00:09:55.840 --> 00:10:01.279 ultimately to the mood maybe the asteroid belt, the moons 118 00:10:01.279 --> 00:10:05.240 are Jupiter and beyond, and ultimately to other star systems, 119 00:10:05.679 --> 00:10:08.120 and we can be out there among the stars, making 120 00:10:08.120 --> 00:10:12.240 science fiction no longer fiction. So in order to achieve 121 00:10:12.279 --> 00:10:14.000 this goal, we have to be we have to make 122 00:10:14.080 --> 00:10:19.440 rapidly reusable rockets so that the uh the cost per flight, 123 00:10:19.960 --> 00:10:22.720 the cost per ton to Mars is as low as possible. 124 00:10:23.720 --> 00:10:29.759 That's essential. So for that rapidly reusable rockets, I said, 125 00:10:29.440 --> 00:10:31.639 it's actually four urs. Right, it's like a pirate are. 126 00:10:32.080 --> 00:10:36.879 It's like rapidly reusable, reliable rockets is the key are are. 127 00:10:42.080 --> 00:10:45.679 Now we've uh aggrass to the SpaceX team on making 128 00:10:45.720 --> 00:10:58.519 incredible progress on catching a giant rocket. So it's really 129 00:10:58.519 --> 00:11:02.879 mind blowing that the SpaceX team has been able to 130 00:11:03.000 --> 00:11:10.320 catch the largest flying object ever made multiple times using 131 00:11:10.320 --> 00:11:12.399 a very novel method of catching it out of the 132 00:11:12.399 --> 00:12:21.720 air with giant chopsticks. I mean, I've ever seen that before. Yeah, 133 00:12:21.759 --> 00:12:33.480 congrarets agating. That was an incredible achievement. So the reason 134 00:12:33.519 --> 00:12:38.159 we are catching it in this way, which is never 135 00:12:38.200 --> 00:12:41.720 been done before, is in order to achieve the rapidly 136 00:12:41.759 --> 00:12:45.600 reasonable portion of the in order to make the rocket 137 00:12:45.720 --> 00:12:51.080 rapidly reasonable. So if it is if the super heavy booster, 138 00:12:51.759 --> 00:12:57.279 which is gigantic, it's like thirty feet in diameter, if 139 00:12:57.320 --> 00:12:59.480 it were to land with landing legs on landing pad, 140 00:12:59.480 --> 00:13:04.360 we would then have to pick it up, stow the legs, 141 00:13:05.240 --> 00:13:09.159 and put it back in the launch pad. And that's 142 00:13:10.159 --> 00:13:12.320 it's quite difficult to transport such a lot of thing. 143 00:13:13.480 --> 00:13:16.120 But if we catch it with the same tower that 144 00:13:16.279 --> 00:13:20.840 it's used to put it in the launch amount to 145 00:13:20.879 --> 00:13:25.039 begin with, that is the best case outcome for rapid reuse. 146 00:13:25.360 --> 00:13:28.440 So it literally gets caught by the same arms that 147 00:13:28.519 --> 00:13:33.200 placed it in the launch in launchering and then it 148 00:13:33.279 --> 00:13:36.720 is placed back in the launchering immediately. So in principle, 149 00:13:36.840 --> 00:13:40.200 the super heavy booster can be reflown within an hour 150 00:13:40.559 --> 00:13:45.440 of landing, so it comes back in about five or 151 00:13:45.440 --> 00:13:50.960 six minutes one way or another, and then it gets 152 00:13:50.960 --> 00:13:54.639 caught by the tower arms placed back in the launch mount, 153 00:13:55.399 --> 00:13:58.679 and then you can re propellant in about thirty to 154 00:13:58.720 --> 00:14:01.919 forty minutes and place a ship on top of it, 155 00:14:02.639 --> 00:14:08.399 and in principle refly the entire booster every hour, maybe 156 00:14:08.440 --> 00:14:10.840 every two hours to give a little bit of extra time. 157 00:14:11.679 --> 00:14:14.399 But let's just say it's it's very it's in the 158 00:14:14.440 --> 00:14:23.799 limit of rapid reuse. And then the next thing we 159 00:14:23.840 --> 00:14:27.360 need to do is catch the ship too. So we 160 00:14:27.399 --> 00:14:44.840 haven't done this yet, but we will. So that's what 161 00:14:44.879 --> 00:14:48.120 we hope to demonstrate later this year, maybe as soon 162 00:14:48.159 --> 00:14:54.799 as two or three months from now, and then the 163 00:14:54.919 --> 00:14:57.879 ship would be placed on top of the booster and 164 00:14:58.240 --> 00:15:04.519 then again refold with propellant and flown again with the ship. 165 00:15:04.799 --> 00:15:06.600 It takes a bit longer because it's got orbit Earth 166 00:15:06.600 --> 00:15:09.200 a few times until the groundtrack comes back over the 167 00:15:09.279 --> 00:15:13.240 launch pad. But the ship is also intended to be 168 00:15:13.279 --> 00:15:21.120 reflown multiple times per day. So is the new Raptor three, 169 00:15:21.159 --> 00:15:23.879 which is an awesome engine began to the Raftor team 170 00:15:23.879 --> 00:15:34.120 for this. This is very exciting. So a Raft three 171 00:15:34.519 --> 00:15:38.200 is designed to require no basic heat shield, saving a 172 00:15:38.200 --> 00:15:40.759 lot of mass on the bottom and actually improving reliability 173 00:15:40.840 --> 00:15:44.399 so that if there is, for example, a small fuel 174 00:15:44.440 --> 00:15:48.879 leak from the Raftor engine, it will simply leak into 175 00:15:48.960 --> 00:15:55.080 the existing flaming plasma and not really matter, whereas a 176 00:15:55.120 --> 00:15:58.080 fuel leak when the engines are contained in a box 177 00:15:58.960 --> 00:16:03.200 is a very scary thing. Indeed, So this is a 178 00:16:03.279 --> 00:16:06.480 Raptor three. Uh, it'll take it, probably a few kicks 179 00:16:06.480 --> 00:16:08.159 if the can, but it will be. It is a 180 00:16:08.200 --> 00:16:14.399 massive increase in payler capability, in engine efficiency, and in reliability. 181 00:16:15.039 --> 00:16:18.639 So this is really a revolutionary engine. The Raft three 182 00:16:18.679 --> 00:16:22.240 is really i'd say, kind of alien technology rocket engine. 183 00:16:29.360 --> 00:16:32.320 I mean even industry experts when we showed a picture 184 00:16:32.320 --> 00:16:34.879 of the RAPT three said that engine is not complete. 185 00:16:35.559 --> 00:16:38.039 So then we said, well, here's the engine not complete, 186 00:16:38.279 --> 00:16:42.600 firing at a level of efficiency that has never been 187 00:16:42.639 --> 00:16:56.840 achieved before. So I mean that is one clean engine. 188 00:16:59.360 --> 00:17:01.679 So in order to the engine like that, we had 189 00:17:01.679 --> 00:17:06.200 to simplify so many parts of the design incorporate secondary 190 00:17:06.240 --> 00:17:10.559 fluid circuits and electronics in the structure of the engine itself, 191 00:17:10.640 --> 00:17:15.599 so everything is contained and protected. It is a marvel 192 00:17:15.640 --> 00:17:24.720 of engineering. Frankly. Then one of the other technologies that's 193 00:17:24.799 --> 00:17:31.440 key for MARS is doing orbital propellant transfer. So you 194 00:17:31.440 --> 00:17:36.000 can think of this like similar to aerial refueling for airplanes, 195 00:17:36.880 --> 00:17:41.079 but in this case it's orbital refilling of rockets, which 196 00:17:41.079 --> 00:17:43.680 has never been done before. But it is, you know, 197 00:17:44.440 --> 00:17:52.079 technically feasible. I always feel like these things are a 198 00:17:52.119 --> 00:18:00.160 little NSFW sort of Listen, you've got to trans for 199 00:18:00.279 --> 00:18:05.640 food somehow, there's no this has got to be done. 200 00:18:06.440 --> 00:18:15.200 So the two starships would get together and one starship 201 00:18:15.240 --> 00:18:19.319 would transfer fuel an oxygen, and actually most of the 202 00:18:19.319 --> 00:18:22.720 masses oxygen. It's almost eighty percent oxygen that gets transferred 203 00:18:23.559 --> 00:18:27.720 a little over twenty percent fuel and and so on. 204 00:18:27.920 --> 00:18:31.319 You so you'd send a starship to orbit with that's 205 00:18:31.319 --> 00:18:33.799 full of payload, and then you send up a bunch 206 00:18:33.839 --> 00:18:36.519 of other starships up and you would refill the propellant 207 00:18:36.640 --> 00:18:41.000 on that starship, and once the propellant tanks are mostly full, 208 00:18:41.400 --> 00:18:43.759 then you can depart for the Mars, for Mars or 209 00:18:43.839 --> 00:18:47.960 the Moon or Yeah. So this is an important technology 210 00:18:48.000 --> 00:19:00.359 which we should hopefully demonstrate next year. Yeah, with the 211 00:19:02.240 --> 00:19:05.640 one of the toughest problems to solve is the reusable 212 00:19:05.720 --> 00:19:10.720 heat shield. So no, no one has ever developed a 213 00:19:11.319 --> 00:19:15.640 truly reusable orbital heat shield, so that it's extremely difficult 214 00:19:15.680 --> 00:19:20.319 to do so. Even the Shuttle Shuttle's heat shield required 215 00:19:20.599 --> 00:19:26.119 several months of refurbishment basically fixing broken tiles, testing each 216 00:19:26.200 --> 00:19:31.319 tile and because it's an extremely hard problem to be 217 00:19:31.359 --> 00:19:34.680 able to withstand the extreme heat and pressure of re entry, 218 00:19:37.279 --> 00:19:41.559 and the only things that can really withstand this level 219 00:19:41.559 --> 00:19:49.480 of heat are advanced sort of ceramics kind of you know, 220 00:19:49.559 --> 00:19:57.519 basically glass, aluminum, sometimes of carbon carbon, but very very 221 00:19:57.559 --> 00:20:02.240 little actually can survive the and with reusability, without getting 222 00:20:02.440 --> 00:20:07.920 without eroding or falling off or cracking, can survive the 223 00:20:07.920 --> 00:20:11.759 stresses of re entry. So this will be the first 224 00:20:11.799 --> 00:20:15.920 time that it's done. That that that a reusable orbital 225 00:20:15.960 --> 00:20:18.680 heat shield is developed and it needs to be obviously 226 00:20:18.720 --> 00:20:24.279 extremely reliable. So this will this will be something that 227 00:20:24.240 --> 00:20:26.000 will be working on for a few years. I think 228 00:20:26.079 --> 00:20:31.039 to keep honing the heat shield. It's it's a very 229 00:20:31.119 --> 00:20:32.960 it's it's it is an achievable thing. So we're not 230 00:20:32.960 --> 00:20:34.960 trying to do something that isn't achievable. It is within 231 00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:37.079 the realm of physics to get this done. Just an 232 00:20:37.119 --> 00:20:43.359 extraordinarily difficult thing to get done. And Marsh the Mars 233 00:20:43.359 --> 00:20:48.440 atmosphere is carbon dioxide, which at first may seem better, 234 00:20:48.519 --> 00:20:52.480 but actually it ends up being worse because it when 235 00:20:52.599 --> 00:20:56.200 the CO two turns into a plasma and you've got 236 00:20:56.759 --> 00:21:00.160 you actually end up with more free oxygen entering on 237 00:21:00.240 --> 00:21:03.640 a Mars atmosphere then on earth atmosphere. So Earth's atmosphere 238 00:21:03.920 --> 00:21:10.240 is only around twenty percent oxygen and Mars ends up 239 00:21:10.240 --> 00:21:13.799 being basically more than double that. Maybe trouble that when 240 00:21:13.839 --> 00:21:17.480 you consider when the CO two becomes a plasma and 241 00:21:17.920 --> 00:21:21.680 and you get carbon and O two, so that wants 242 00:21:21.720 --> 00:21:24.319 to oxidize the heat shield, basically burn the heat shield. 243 00:21:25.359 --> 00:21:28.880 So that's why we we test it very regular orgorously 244 00:21:28.880 --> 00:21:30.839 in a CO two atmosphere, because it's got to work 245 00:21:31.039 --> 00:21:39.920 not just for Earth but also for Mars, and we 246 00:21:40.319 --> 00:21:42.240 want to we want to use the same heat shield 247 00:21:42.319 --> 00:21:44.680 for Earth that we use for Mars, because there are 248 00:21:44.720 --> 00:21:48.240 many other factors with the heat shield, such as making 249 00:21:48.279 --> 00:21:50.319 sure the tiles don't crack or fall off or anything 250 00:21:50.359 --> 00:21:53.880 like that. So we want to have the same heat 251 00:21:53.880 --> 00:21:57.240 shield structure, same material on Earth as on Mars, so 252 00:21:57.279 --> 00:22:01.079 we can test it hundreds of times on Earth before 253 00:22:01.119 --> 00:22:03.640 going to Mars and be confident that when it goes 254 00:22:03.680 --> 00:22:24.920 to Mars it will work. So we're developing some next 255 00:22:24.920 --> 00:22:30.960 generation starships which are have a number of improvements versus 256 00:22:30.960 --> 00:22:37.119 our carrent Gent, so it's toller, for example, and has 257 00:22:37.759 --> 00:22:42.319 a better it are kind of a the interstage between 258 00:22:42.359 --> 00:22:44.720 the ship and the booster. You can see that sort 259 00:22:44.720 --> 00:22:49.480 of the sort of struts there that makes it easier 260 00:22:49.480 --> 00:22:54.880 for the flame like they're right there when doing hot staging, 261 00:22:54.880 --> 00:22:57.200 which is when we light the ship's engines while the 262 00:22:57.200 --> 00:23:00.559 booster's engines are still firing the floor I aim from 263 00:23:00.599 --> 00:23:04.559 the from the ship engines can more easily exit through 264 00:23:04.640 --> 00:23:09.599 the the open struts of the of the new interstage, 265 00:23:09.839 --> 00:23:14.079 and this case will bring the struts interstage back with 266 00:23:14.160 --> 00:23:22.519 us instead of throwing it away. So a little more 267 00:23:22.559 --> 00:23:29.759 height here seventy two meters from around sixty nine repellent capacity. 268 00:23:29.799 --> 00:23:31.519 I think we'll probably push that up a little, maybe 269 00:23:31.519 --> 00:23:37.240 thirty seven hundred tons. Long term, my guesses were maybe 270 00:23:37.240 --> 00:23:41.640 around four thousand tons, and but just sort of just 271 00:23:41.720 --> 00:23:46.920 over eight you know, sort of eight thousand, probably like 272 00:23:46.920 --> 00:23:49.519 eight thousand three. This will keep getting up. My guess 273 00:23:49.559 --> 00:23:53.279 is ultimately we're four thousand tons here, close to ten 274 00:23:53.319 --> 00:23:55.079 thousand tons of thrust. But this is kind of the 275 00:23:55.119 --> 00:23:59.240 next the next level or the next version of the 276 00:23:59.319 --> 00:24:06.000 super Heavy. So the booster will look a little naked 277 00:24:06.039 --> 00:24:09.400 on the bottom because the rafter of three engines don't 278 00:24:09.440 --> 00:24:12.400 require heat shield, so it looked like it looks like 279 00:24:12.440 --> 00:24:15.200 there's kind of parts missing, but that's just because the 280 00:24:15.559 --> 00:24:20.319 rafter heat shield does not the rafter three does not 281 00:24:20.359 --> 00:24:25.240 need a heat shield, so it's just it's just standing there. 282 00:24:25.279 --> 00:24:35.079 They're in a bathed in flaming plasma. But it's a 283 00:24:35.119 --> 00:24:44.480 lot lighter, yep, integrated hot stage. I think it looks amazing. 284 00:24:49.039 --> 00:24:52.079 Then the shifts a little a little more, a little longer, 285 00:24:52.279 --> 00:24:57.039 and more capable moving to fifteen and fifty tons of 286 00:24:57.039 --> 00:25:01.839 propelling capacity. My guess is this probably ends up twenty 287 00:25:02.240 --> 00:25:08.920 more than this long term. And yeah, you can see 288 00:25:09.119 --> 00:25:16.720 the heat shield is sleeker, so much smoother boundaries as 289 00:25:16.839 --> 00:25:19.960 as the boundary of the heat shield going to the 290 00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:29.680 leeward side is very smooth, no more jagged tiles. I 291 00:25:29.680 --> 00:25:38.119 think it looks very sleek. So and this version we 292 00:25:38.160 --> 00:25:41.599 still have six engines, but a future version will have nine, 293 00:25:42.160 --> 00:25:48.240 but with the raft of three again we have improved 294 00:25:48.319 --> 00:25:55.680 reduced mass, higher specific impulse. It's this is the Starship 295 00:25:55.720 --> 00:26:02.599 Version three is really the the vote that is I 296 00:26:02.640 --> 00:26:05.359 think achieves all of the key elements. I mean generally 297 00:26:05.400 --> 00:26:09.559 with any new technology, it takes three major, three major 298 00:26:09.559 --> 00:26:12.319 iterations of any major of any new technology to have 299 00:26:12.359 --> 00:26:15.480 it really, really really work well. And this with Raptor 300 00:26:15.720 --> 00:26:20.119 three and Starship and Booster version three, it should be 301 00:26:20.160 --> 00:26:22.039 able to achieve all of the things that I just mentioned, 302 00:26:22.079 --> 00:26:27.119 which is a rapidly reusable, reliable rocket with orbital refilling, 303 00:26:29.079 --> 00:26:34.079 basically all of the ingredients necessary to make life multiplanetary 304 00:26:34.680 --> 00:26:37.759 will be achieved with version three of Starship, which we're 305 00:26:37.799 --> 00:26:39.319 aiming to launch for the first time at the end 306 00:26:39.359 --> 00:26:50.759 of this year. Yeah, so you can see this is 307 00:26:52.880 --> 00:26:55.160 kind of where things are on the left, where things 308 00:26:55.160 --> 00:26:58.440 will be end of this year in the middle and 309 00:26:58.480 --> 00:27:00.839 as I was saying, kind of with will be probably 310 00:27:00.920 --> 00:27:08.039 long term, yeah, one hundred and forty two meters so, 311 00:27:09.559 --> 00:27:12.440 but the one in the middle is will be fully 312 00:27:12.440 --> 00:27:17.440 capable of doing Mars and thereafter will It'll be a 313 00:27:17.440 --> 00:27:23.640 lot of performance improvements and as as has been the 314 00:27:23.640 --> 00:27:26.480 case with the Falcon nine, we always end up making 315 00:27:26.480 --> 00:27:33.839 the rocket longer and increasing payload. So that's that's that's 316 00:27:33.880 --> 00:27:37.720 the game plan, pretty straightforward, but it's important to empa size. 317 00:27:37.759 --> 00:27:40.240 Even with the rocket that will be launching just at 318 00:27:40.279 --> 00:27:42.440 the end of this year, it will be capable of 319 00:27:42.880 --> 00:27:47.400 making life multiplanetary, and thereafter it's it's just about continuing 320 00:27:47.400 --> 00:27:50.400 to hone the efficiency and capability of the rocket and 321 00:27:51.000 --> 00:27:53.160 reduce the cost per ton, and reduce the cost per 322 00:27:53.160 --> 00:27:56.079 posting to Mars, and like I said, ultimately make its 323 00:27:56.119 --> 00:27:58.720 that anyone who wants to move to Mars and help 324 00:27:58.759 --> 00:28:05.160 build a new civilization can do so. So anyone out there, like, 325 00:28:05.240 --> 00:28:07.200 how cool will that would that be? And even if 326 00:28:07.240 --> 00:28:09.279 you don't want to do it, maybe that you have 327 00:28:10.680 --> 00:28:12.440 a son or daughter who wants to do that, or 328 00:28:13.480 --> 00:28:16.599 a friend who wants to do it, and I think 329 00:28:16.599 --> 00:28:19.640 it would be the adventure that the best adventure that 330 00:28:19.720 --> 00:28:23.200 it on it could possibly do is to go and 331 00:28:23.359 --> 00:28:35.160 help build a new civilization on a new planet. So yeah, 332 00:28:35.200 --> 00:28:40.359 ultimately we'll have forty two engines, which it was inevitable 333 00:28:42.200 --> 00:28:47.359 as the prophecy foretold by the great prophet Douglas Adams 334 00:28:48.160 --> 00:28:53.359 and his you know, book of the Hitchock's Guide to 335 00:28:53.400 --> 00:28:57.440 the Galaxy, the answer to the Meaning of life is 336 00:28:57.480 --> 00:29:02.759 forty two and so inevitably the starship stack will have 337 00:29:02.799 --> 00:29:14.160 forty two engines. And in terms of payload to orbit, 338 00:29:14.359 --> 00:29:17.960 what's remarkable is that it's two hundred tons of you know, 339 00:29:18.039 --> 00:29:20.119 Starship will have two hundred tons paler to orbit with 340 00:29:20.319 --> 00:29:24.720 full reusability. So this is twice the capability of the 341 00:29:24.720 --> 00:29:29.759 Saturn five Moon rocket. Saturn five Moon rocket was fully expendable. Uh, 342 00:29:30.160 --> 00:29:33.599 Starship is fully reusable. But we'll have twice the payload 343 00:29:33.640 --> 00:29:37.839 to orbit of the next biggest rocket that made it 344 00:29:37.880 --> 00:29:41.960 to orbit, which is a Saturn five. In fact, if 345 00:29:42.440 --> 00:29:46.839 without reusability, Starship would have about four hundred tons of 346 00:29:46.920 --> 00:29:51.759 palo to orbit. So this is a this is a 347 00:29:51.839 --> 00:29:55.599 very big rocket, is what I'm saying. So, but you 348 00:29:55.640 --> 00:29:59.000 need a big rocket, you know, the you know, make 349 00:29:59.079 --> 00:30:02.680 life multiplanetary. And then along the way we could do 350 00:30:02.799 --> 00:30:06.160 very cool things like have a moon base, like moon 351 00:30:06.200 --> 00:30:10.240 based Alpha. Long ago there was a TV show about 352 00:30:10.279 --> 00:30:14.799 moon based Alpha. You can't couldn't think about the physics 353 00:30:14.799 --> 00:30:17.000 of that too much because apparently, like the moon base 354 00:30:17.039 --> 00:30:20.920 was like drifting away from Earth. But anyway, we should 355 00:30:20.920 --> 00:30:23.039 have a moon based alpha, which is the next step 356 00:30:23.079 --> 00:30:24.960 after the Apollo program, would be to have a base 357 00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:27.599 on the Moon, so you could like you could have 358 00:30:27.599 --> 00:30:34.960 a like a gigantic you know, science station doing research 359 00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:36.799 about the nature of the universe on the Moon. Would 360 00:30:36.799 --> 00:30:42.440 be very cool. So in terms of like when can 361 00:30:42.480 --> 00:30:44.039 you go to Mars, So you can go to Mars 362 00:30:44.079 --> 00:30:49.000 every two years or every twenty six months. So the 363 00:30:49.000 --> 00:30:51.400 next Mars opportunity is at the end of next year, 364 00:30:51.440 --> 00:30:53.960 in about eighteen months, So November December is the next 365 00:30:54.000 --> 00:30:56.960 Mars opportunity. So we'll try to make that opportunity. If 366 00:30:57.000 --> 00:30:58.960 we get lucky. I think we'll probably have a fifty 367 00:30:58.960 --> 00:31:02.119 to fifty chance right now, because we've got to we've 368 00:31:02.119 --> 00:31:06.200 got to figure out orbital refilling in order to have 369 00:31:06.319 --> 00:31:09.240 enough capability to go to Mars. But if we achieve 370 00:31:09.319 --> 00:31:12.640 orbital refilling in time, then we will launch the first 371 00:31:13.680 --> 00:31:16.960 uncrewed starship to Mars at the end of next year. 372 00:31:17.920 --> 00:31:28.119 So this gives you an illustration of how does how 373 00:31:28.119 --> 00:31:30.279 does the spaceship go from Earth to Mars. So you've 374 00:31:30.279 --> 00:31:44.960 got blue Earth there and red Mars. And I mean 375 00:31:44.960 --> 00:31:48.640 the the actual distance traveled on the arc is close 376 00:31:48.680 --> 00:31:52.000 to it, like a thousand times further than the Moon. 377 00:31:53.400 --> 00:31:57.079 So you can't just go straight to Mars. You have 378 00:31:57.119 --> 00:32:00.920 to create this elliptical orbit with Earth at one point 379 00:32:00.960 --> 00:32:03.039 and Mars at the other side at the far end 380 00:32:03.039 --> 00:32:07.759 of the ellipse, and then time the time where you 381 00:32:07.799 --> 00:32:10.440 are in that and that ellipse to intersect with Mars 382 00:32:11.079 --> 00:32:15.440 and this so this is a the orbital transfer or 383 00:32:15.480 --> 00:32:18.240 how you do orbital transfer from Earth to Mars. And 384 00:32:18.279 --> 00:32:21.240 if you look on your starlink Wi Fi router, you'll 385 00:32:21.240 --> 00:32:25.920 see this image because the starlink Wi Fi is what 386 00:32:26.079 --> 00:32:29.079 is starling. Internet is what's being used to pay for 387 00:32:30.680 --> 00:32:33.640 humanity getting to Mars. So I'd just like to thank 388 00:32:33.680 --> 00:32:37.640 everyone out there who's bought Starlink because you're helping helping 389 00:32:38.079 --> 00:32:41.480 secure the future of civilization and helping make life multiple 390 00:32:41.559 --> 00:32:45.200 multiplanetary and helping make humanity a space baring civilization. Thank you. 391 00:32:54.599 --> 00:32:58.839 So this is a tentative game plan here where we're 392 00:32:58.839 --> 00:33:05.119 hoping to the hoping to achieve where we increase the 393 00:33:05.200 --> 00:33:09.119 cadence of flights to Mars dramatically with every launch window. 394 00:33:09.319 --> 00:33:15.480 So every every roughly two years, we are dramatically increasing 395 00:33:15.519 --> 00:33:19.799 the number of of ships that go to Mars and 396 00:33:19.880 --> 00:33:23.519 ultimately try to get to a thousand or two thousand ships. 397 00:33:24.240 --> 00:33:33.799 Uh you know per Mars rendezvous. The the I mean 398 00:33:33.880 --> 00:33:36.119 as a rough order manning two. There's just guesses obviously, 399 00:33:36.160 --> 00:33:38.000 but we need to get about a thou about about 400 00:33:38.000 --> 00:33:41.039 a million tons is my guess to the soaps of 401 00:33:41.039 --> 00:33:46.480