Speaker 1: Welcome back to that. We're going to be looking at
group therapy approaches, processes, and applications. So group development follows
five stages, forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. And also
we'll talk about Yallam's eleven therapeutic factors. Group therapy models
include psychodynamics, CBT, interpersonal support groups, group leader styles, and
much more. So, a group can become its own kind
of container in a weird way. It's a space where
hidden fears show up in the behavior of others and
where changes merit back in real time. There's a learning
going on. Group development unfolds over time. So let's take
a look at some of the stages. As we mentioned earlier,
the first one is forming. Members are tentative, polite, and
seeking safety. The leader has to provide the structure, also
clarity of purpose, and another important part is the ground rules.
Common member concerns is will it be accepted? And then
the final one is can I trust this? This is
one of the things about twelve steps. If you know
anybody who does it, most of the time, those groups
are very supportive and very receptive. Storming is factor number
two for group development. Power struggles, resistance, conflicts, emerge, members
test roles, norms and the leader's authority. Leader helps manage conflict,
model emotional expression, productive storming strengthens future cohesion though you
learn how to work out of conflict. Third is norming.
This is group norms. We're stabilized and the cohesion growth. Right,
they increase self disclosure, feedback, empathy, and members begin to
own the group process. They tend to become again more
cohesive performing. As group becomes a working unit, members engage
in deep interpersonal work, take risks, and support each other's growth.
The leaderships towards facilitation, allowing the group's wisdom to lead. Then, finally,
as a journeying termination, which can evoke feelings of loss,
but also accomplishment and sometimes loose sins. Leader must guide closure, reflection,
and transfer of gains into the outside life. I mentioned
something about Irvin Yallom. He's got eleven therapeutic factors. You remember,
he's got a huge book on group therapy. Not every
group fosters all eleven, but the more they emerge, the
stronger the impact. So first one is installation of hope.
Seeing others improve sparks belief and change. Number two is universality.
I'm not alone reduces shame and isolation. Again, thinking about
twelve steps here, Number three imparting information psycho education is
shared wisdom for altruism, helping other, foster meaning and self worth.
Five is correct the recapitulation of the primary family group.
This means that the group becomes a space to rework
early relational patterns in your family. Very important. Number six
development of socializing techniques feed by on social behavior in
real time. Now. Number five and six here are really
not seen in twelve step as much. This is where
a therapist, especially a psychodynamic one, can really help. Number
seven imitative behavior members, model, emotional expression, conflict resolution. Number
eight interpersonal learning, input and output, giving and receiving feedback.
Number nine group cohesiveness the cohesiveness that enables vulnerability and
connection emotionally. Number ten is catharsis emotional release that brings relief.
And number eleven existential factors like facing life's realities, responsibility, freedom, death,
and so forth. Those are Yaulumns. Eleventh therapeutic factors installation
of hope, universality, imparting information, altruism, correct the capitulation, developmental
development of socializing techniques, imitative behavior interpersonal learning, group cohesiveness, catharsists,
and existential factors. Naxa's group leadership Styles and functions directive
is the first one we have. Structure, psycho education, agenda driven,
very common in CBT. Facilitative is open ended, process focused,
and relational. You'll see these in psychodynamic and interpersonal groups. Democratics.
The third type encourages shared ownership and collaboration, and then
fourth which is not very common. Thankfully, as authoritarian core
functions of group leadership is established. Safety and structures said
norms for openness, respect participation, Make sure you have model
empathy and directness. Track group dynamics and identify themes, and
balance individual focus with group level process. We continue on
group therapy model psychodynamic group therapy. It focuses on unconscious processes,
but really a lot of his relational patterns, defenses, and transference.
The group becomes a microcosm of members outside relationships. Really
important here for the therapist to pay attention with all
these dynamics happening, understanding defense mechanisms and the relational patterns.
Techniques include interpretation of themes, confrontation of avoidance, boring, attachment wounds,
the leader's neutral reflective and process oriented best for personality disorders,
early relational trauma, and chronic depression. CBT is the next
group that focuses on skills training, cognitive restructuring, and behavioral rehearsal.
Highly structured, often manualized. A leader acts as a teacher
and a coach, and it's best for anxiety, depression, substance
use and anger management. Number three, Interpersonal process groups IPT
emphasizes that hearing now interactions. Members explore how they're perceived,
how they relate, what patterns emerge. Feedback is direct by
supportive leader model's curiosity accountability effective for social anxiety, interpersonal dysfunction,
and emotion regulation. And Finally, support groups, peer based, not
always led by clinicians, focus on normalizing, sharing, experience and
emotional validation, grief, chronic illness, caregiving, and survivoral identity often
ongoing and drop in. Less structured practical considering for this
member selection consider diagnosis, motivation, interpersonal capacity, and stability of
the member. Contraindications from member selections, active psychosis of your narcissism,
acute subicidility, overwhelming trauma. Screening will help for the fit
readiness and the goal of the member preparations that clear expectations, confidentiality, attendance, participation,
normalize anxiety about joining a group, and introduce group culture
in purpose group composition. Make sure it's homogenous groups similar
diagnosis or goals. For instance, heterogeneous groups are more rich
interpersonal diversity. Foster's real rule feedback group size for ideal
death should be about six to ten. Managing difficult situations monopolizers,
they redirect with empathy, encourage equal airtime, silent members, explore
their inner experience and don't pressure hostility. Validate underlying pain model,
direct communication and scapegoating intervening early. Emphasize group norms. Evaluating
group process and outcomes using pre post measures like the
PHQ nine GAD interpersonal inventory, observe attendance and engagement, emotional
risk taking, track behavioral goals not just insight so reduced avoidance,
improve assertedness, and solicit feedback from members what's helping what's not.
Applications of group therapy. As I mentioned earlier, twelve steps
for substance abuse treatment, periodentification is powerful. The use of
fellowship instruction accountability in twelve step is powerful. CBT based
relapse groups teach triggers skills and craving management. Trauma recovery
groups often close groups use phase based models safety processing, reintegration,
avoid pushing trauma content until the group is strong cohesion.
And finally, skill development groups targets skill, social skills, emotion regulation,
problem solving, parenting. They're highly structured. They use roleplay, homework
and modeling suitable for ADHD, autism, and conduct disorder. Group
therapy is a living lab and every interaction is data.
Every silence holds the stories. It's a great place to
learn a lot about your clients. That's it for now.