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Speaker 1: Welcome back to that. We're going to be looking at

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group therapy approaches, processes, and applications. So group development follows

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five stages, forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. And also

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we'll talk about Yallam's eleven therapeutic factors. Group therapy models

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include psychodynamics, CBT, interpersonal support groups, group leader styles, and

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much more. So, a group can become its own kind

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of container in a weird way. It's a space where

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hidden fears show up in the behavior of others and

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where changes merit back in real time. There's a learning

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going on. Group development unfolds over time. So let's take

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a look at some of the stages. As we mentioned earlier,

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the first one is forming. Members are tentative, polite, and

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seeking safety. The leader has to provide the structure, also

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clarity of purpose, and another important part is the ground rules.

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Common member concerns is will it be accepted? And then

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the final one is can I trust this? This is

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one of the things about twelve steps. If you know

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anybody who does it, most of the time, those groups

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are very supportive and very receptive. Storming is factor number

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two for group development. Power struggles, resistance, conflicts, emerge, members

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test roles, norms and the leader's authority. Leader helps manage conflict,

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model emotional expression, productive storming strengthens future cohesion though you

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learn how to work out of conflict. Third is norming.

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This is group norms. We're stabilized and the cohesion growth. Right,

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they increase self disclosure, feedback, empathy, and members begin to

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own the group process. They tend to become again more

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cohesive performing. As group becomes a working unit, members engage

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in deep interpersonal work, take risks, and support each other's growth.

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The leaderships towards facilitation, allowing the group's wisdom to lead. Then, finally,

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as a journeying termination, which can evoke feelings of loss,

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but also accomplishment and sometimes loose sins. Leader must guide closure, reflection,

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and transfer of gains into the outside life. I mentioned

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something about Irvin Yallom. He's got eleven therapeutic factors. You remember,

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he's got a huge book on group therapy. Not every

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group fosters all eleven, but the more they emerge, the

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stronger the impact. So first one is installation of hope.

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Seeing others improve sparks belief and change. Number two is universality.

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I'm not alone reduces shame and isolation. Again, thinking about

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twelve steps here, Number three imparting information psycho education is

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shared wisdom for altruism, helping other, foster meaning and self worth.

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Five is correct the recapitulation of the primary family group.

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This means that the group becomes a space to rework

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early relational patterns in your family. Very important. Number six

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development of socializing techniques feed by on social behavior in

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real time. Now. Number five and six here are really

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not seen in twelve step as much. This is where

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a therapist, especially a psychodynamic one, can really help. Number

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seven imitative behavior members, model, emotional expression, conflict resolution. Number

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eight interpersonal learning, input and output, giving and receiving feedback.

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Number nine group cohesiveness the cohesiveness that enables vulnerability and

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connection emotionally. Number ten is catharsis emotional release that brings relief.

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And number eleven existential factors like facing life's realities, responsibility, freedom, death,

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and so forth. Those are Yaulumns. Eleventh therapeutic factors installation

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of hope, universality, imparting information, altruism, correct the capitulation, developmental

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development of socializing techniques, imitative behavior interpersonal learning, group cohesiveness, catharsists,

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and existential factors. Naxa's group leadership Styles and functions directive

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is the first one we have. Structure, psycho education, agenda driven,

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very common in CBT. Facilitative is open ended, process focused,

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and relational. You'll see these in psychodynamic and interpersonal groups. Democratics.

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The third type encourages shared ownership and collaboration, and then

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fourth which is not very common. Thankfully, as authoritarian core

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functions of group leadership is established. Safety and structures said

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norms for openness, respect participation, Make sure you have model

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empathy and directness. Track group dynamics and identify themes, and

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balance individual focus with group level process. We continue on

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group therapy model psychodynamic group therapy. It focuses on unconscious processes,

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but really a lot of his relational patterns, defenses, and transference.

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The group becomes a microcosm of members outside relationships. Really

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important here for the therapist to pay attention with all

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these dynamics happening, understanding defense mechanisms and the relational patterns.

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Techniques include interpretation of themes, confrontation of avoidance, boring, attachment wounds,

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the leader's neutral reflective and process oriented best for personality disorders,

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early relational trauma, and chronic depression. CBT is the next

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group that focuses on skills training, cognitive restructuring, and behavioral rehearsal.

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Highly structured, often manualized. A leader acts as a teacher

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and a coach, and it's best for anxiety, depression, substance

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use and anger management. Number three, Interpersonal process groups IPT

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emphasizes that hearing now interactions. Members explore how they're perceived,

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how they relate, what patterns emerge. Feedback is direct by

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supportive leader model's curiosity accountability effective for social anxiety, interpersonal dysfunction,

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and emotion regulation. And Finally, support groups, peer based, not

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always led by clinicians, focus on normalizing, sharing, experience and

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emotional validation, grief, chronic illness, caregiving, and survivoral identity often

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ongoing and drop in. Less structured practical considering for this

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member selection consider diagnosis, motivation, interpersonal capacity, and stability of

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the member. Contraindications from member selections, active psychosis of your narcissism,

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acute subicidility, overwhelming trauma. Screening will help for the fit

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readiness and the goal of the member preparations that clear expectations, confidentiality, attendance, participation,

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normalize anxiety about joining a group, and introduce group culture

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in purpose group composition. Make sure it's homogenous groups similar

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diagnosis or goals. For instance, heterogeneous groups are more rich

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interpersonal diversity. Foster's real rule feedback group size for ideal

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death should be about six to ten. Managing difficult situations monopolizers,

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they redirect with empathy, encourage equal airtime, silent members, explore

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their inner experience and don't pressure hostility. Validate underlying pain model,

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direct communication and scapegoating intervening early. Emphasize group norms. Evaluating

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group process and outcomes using pre post measures like the

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PHQ nine GAD interpersonal inventory, observe attendance and engagement, emotional

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risk taking, track behavioral goals not just insight so reduced avoidance,

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improve assertedness, and solicit feedback from members what's helping what's not.

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Applications of group therapy. As I mentioned earlier, twelve steps

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for substance abuse treatment, periodentification is powerful. The use of

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fellowship instruction accountability in twelve step is powerful. CBT based

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relapse groups teach triggers skills and craving management. Trauma recovery

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groups often close groups use phase based models safety processing, reintegration,

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avoid pushing trauma content until the group is strong cohesion.

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And finally, skill development groups targets skill, social skills, emotion regulation,

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problem solving, parenting. They're highly structured. They use roleplay, homework

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and modeling suitable for ADHD, autism, and conduct disorder. Group

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therapy is a living lab and every interaction is data.

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Every silence holds the stories. It's a great place to

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learn a lot about your clients. That's it for now.