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TEASNC supply 22 00:01:11.439 --> 00:01:13.680 vouchers include two twenty euro or forty eurospent. 23 00:01:13.840 --> 00:01:16.159 This car insurance is underwritten by AX Insurance, Deck Super 24 00:01:16.239 --> 00:01:19.040 Value Financial Services Stack Trading and Supervalue Insurance is regulated 25 00:01:19.079 --> 00:01:20.079 by the Central Bank of Ireland. 26 00:01:20.799 --> 00:01:22.640 Oh hey, it's that guy that you work with who 27 00:01:23.000 --> 00:01:25.920 somehow has like eight pairs of cool glasses. 28 00:01:26.000 --> 00:01:28.760 How did you do that? Ali Ward? Here we are Spootober. 29 00:01:29.040 --> 00:01:32.680 Spooketober is always full of like scary creepy things, and 30 00:01:32.719 --> 00:01:36.599 now this one is terrifying for your teeth and your pancreas, 31 00:01:36.680 --> 00:01:39.840 but not your tongues are your hearts, So let's get 32 00:01:39.840 --> 00:01:40.159 into it. 33 00:01:40.200 --> 00:01:43.519 This is just pure fun candy. So there are very few. 34 00:01:43.319 --> 00:01:46.519 Candy researchers and historians in the world, and we hunted 35 00:01:46.599 --> 00:01:50.000 down the best one and had one of my favorite 36 00:01:50.040 --> 00:01:52.319 conversations in the history of this podcast. 37 00:01:52.400 --> 00:01:53.079 What a treat. 38 00:01:53.439 --> 00:01:55.879 And it was only tricky to make because there's so 39 00:01:56.040 --> 00:01:58.920 much information that I could not keep to myself. So 40 00:01:59.280 --> 00:02:02.359 this is pretty comprehensive, but it's also not comprehensive because 41 00:02:02.519 --> 00:02:04.719 Candy's a huge world. So we're going to get into 42 00:02:04.719 --> 00:02:05.879 it in a sect. But first, thank you to all 43 00:02:05.879 --> 00:02:08.280 the patrons at patreon dot com for supporting the show 44 00:02:08.360 --> 00:02:10.759 for as little as a dollar a month and you 45 00:02:10.800 --> 00:02:13.199 get to submit your questions if you're a patron. Thank 46 00:02:13.240 --> 00:02:16.919 you to everyone skulking around in ologies merch from ologiesmerch 47 00:02:17.000 --> 00:02:19.360 dot com. Thank you as always to people who leave 48 00:02:19.439 --> 00:02:21.919 reviews for us, which help the show so much, and 49 00:02:22.000 --> 00:02:24.520 since I read each one, thank you this week too. 50 00:02:24.759 --> 00:02:28.280 Melon Farmer and Jim who wrote keep up the great work. 51 00:02:28.319 --> 00:02:31.360 Don't change a thing. Don't let the pew dwellers tell 52 00:02:31.400 --> 00:02:33.599 you not to swear. Potty language is a spice of 53 00:02:33.639 --> 00:02:36.240 life as long as you wash your hands before afternoon tea. 54 00:02:36.639 --> 00:02:40.199 Thank you, Jim the melon Farmer and everyone who. 55 00:02:40.080 --> 00:02:41.759 Is looking for kids. Save episodes. 56 00:02:42.319 --> 00:02:44.400 Just in general, I swear here and there in this show, 57 00:02:44.439 --> 00:02:47.960 but we do have classrooms save episodes specifically for you 58 00:02:48.039 --> 00:02:50.719 if you need that. It's a show called Smologies, and 59 00:02:50.840 --> 00:02:53.400 you can find it wherever you get podcasts. It's linked 60 00:02:53.400 --> 00:02:56.000 in the show notes. Those episodes, again are classroom safe. 61 00:02:56.039 --> 00:02:57.879 All age is safe in case you do not like 62 00:02:57.960 --> 00:03:01.680 the occasional adult word anyway, if you've ever left a review, 63 00:03:01.719 --> 00:03:02.840 I've read it and thank you. 64 00:03:03.080 --> 00:03:03.400 Okay. 65 00:03:03.479 --> 00:03:06.439 Confecteology it is a term that comes from the Latin 66 00:03:06.479 --> 00:03:09.840 for to confect or to make by mixing especially a 67 00:03:09.919 --> 00:03:13.800 medicinal preparation. We'll get into it. And this expert is 68 00:03:13.840 --> 00:03:18.400 a journalist, a former journalism professor, the author of over 69 00:03:18.599 --> 00:03:23.280 ten books, including twenty sixteen's Sweet Is Sin, The Unwrapped 70 00:03:23.319 --> 00:03:26.479 story of how candy became America's Favorite pleasure. And she 71 00:03:26.520 --> 00:03:29.919 also has this year's recent book release, Fun Foods of America, 72 00:03:30.159 --> 00:03:34.560 Outrageous Delights, celebrated brands, and iconic recipes. Now for the 73 00:03:34.639 --> 00:03:38.759 last fifteen years, she's also owned the nation's only historic 74 00:03:39.120 --> 00:03:42.120 candy company. It's called True Treats, ships all over the 75 00:03:42.159 --> 00:03:45.439 map and has a store in Harper's Ferry, Virginia. And 76 00:03:45.479 --> 00:03:49.000 True Treats was once an answer on Jeopardy. Pretty big deal. 77 00:03:49.240 --> 00:03:52.520 This ologist has appeared on so many radio and TV 78 00:03:52.800 --> 00:03:57.240 outlets to educate people about the historical and cultural relevance 79 00:03:57.280 --> 00:04:00.280 of candy. It took us months to book her for 80 00:04:00.319 --> 00:04:04.439 the special Spooptober but not scary, just fun episode. And honestly, 81 00:04:04.520 --> 00:04:07.639 this is one of the most spirited, blissful chats we've 82 00:04:07.639 --> 00:04:11.560 ever done, with some revelations at the end which shook 83 00:04:11.639 --> 00:04:12.719 me shook. 84 00:04:13.039 --> 00:04:14.479 I'm still laughing about it. 85 00:04:14.639 --> 00:04:16.279 So stick around to the very end because it's the 86 00:04:16.279 --> 00:04:21.480 best okay onto Everything from divisive candies, apothecary origin stories, 87 00:04:21.560 --> 00:04:25.279 military grade chocolate, the warheads that could save you, the 88 00:04:25.319 --> 00:04:29.360 polarization of liquorice root, having whorehound on hand, Sugar sources 89 00:04:29.399 --> 00:04:35.519 from beat to corn, Turkish temptations, Roman flimflam, marzipan, mini sculptures, 90 00:04:35.759 --> 00:04:39.480 the sourrest of the sour balls, sugar plum ballets, your 91 00:04:39.480 --> 00:04:43.920 grand ant's purse, vegan candy controversies, what she gives out 92 00:04:43.920 --> 00:04:46.920 for Halloween candy, and the best way to enjoy treats 93 00:04:46.920 --> 00:04:50.480 if you're trying to stay healthy. With author, journalist, and 94 00:04:50.600 --> 00:04:54.680 candy historian confectiologist Susan Benjamin. 95 00:05:13.279 --> 00:05:15.839 My name is Susan Benjamin. She her. 96 00:05:16.160 --> 00:05:17.959 Right before we started recording, you were telling me that 97 00:05:18.360 --> 00:05:20.399 there are very few candy experts in the world. 98 00:05:20.600 --> 00:05:23.399 I think perhaps you are the only one. Right. 99 00:05:23.959 --> 00:05:29.120 What I do is scholarly research. The history of candy 100 00:05:29.319 --> 00:05:34.680 is really interesting because it's about the people who ate it. 101 00:05:35.079 --> 00:05:39.079 So candy is unique, though, because there's so little scholarly 102 00:05:39.160 --> 00:05:45.240 research done, and there's so many misconceptions, and it so 103 00:05:45.560 --> 00:05:48.560 reveals things about our culture and who we are and 104 00:05:48.600 --> 00:05:52.160 how we treat each other in our relationship to food, sex, fund, 105 00:05:52.199 --> 00:05:56.560 the environment, and name it. It's always remarkable. It's always remarkable. 106 00:05:57.399 --> 00:05:59.879 I'm fascinated by this, and I feel like every time 107 00:05:59.879 --> 00:06:01.920 I go into one of those candy stories, it has 108 00:06:01.959 --> 00:06:06.000 a bunch of barrels full of taffy and swirls, and 109 00:06:06.120 --> 00:06:08.600 you know, you walk in there and it smells like sasparilla. 110 00:06:08.959 --> 00:06:11.120 You feel like you're stepping back into old times. And 111 00:06:11.160 --> 00:06:14.279 I've always been so curious about it. And I'm also 112 00:06:14.319 --> 00:06:17.639 wondering when did we start calling it candy? When did 113 00:06:17.680 --> 00:06:20.240 it go from a medicinal lozenge to like, I'm just 114 00:06:20.279 --> 00:06:21.319 eating this because I want to. 115 00:06:22.480 --> 00:06:24.519 So I don't know how far back you want me 116 00:06:24.560 --> 00:06:28.839 to go, because my research starts prehistory, you love it, 117 00:06:28.920 --> 00:06:31.439 and it goes all the way up through the ages. 118 00:06:31.720 --> 00:06:34.959 And then the part of candy history you're talking about, 119 00:06:35.439 --> 00:06:37.600 which is what most people think of, is the so 120 00:06:37.680 --> 00:06:41.800 called retro candy. So if you want to look at 121 00:06:41.839 --> 00:06:46.360 when did it become candy and those taffys that you mentioned, 122 00:06:46.839 --> 00:06:50.720 you really need to start looking at how people use 123 00:06:50.879 --> 00:06:54.839 cane sugar, which goes back to the old spice trade, 124 00:06:55.319 --> 00:06:58.480 and that was the beginning of what would then become 125 00:06:58.600 --> 00:07:02.120 pulled sugars and the things in the fourteen hundreds, and 126 00:07:02.160 --> 00:07:04.399 then it made the way to the fifteen hundreds and 127 00:07:04.439 --> 00:07:09.240 then became useful to enslave people who didn't have access 128 00:07:09.360 --> 00:07:11.839 to things, but they used what they had and were 129 00:07:11.879 --> 00:07:15.000 able to pull molasses, which is the dregs of the sugar, 130 00:07:15.040 --> 00:07:18.360 for example, and you sawed them, and that was the 131 00:07:18.399 --> 00:07:22.199 origin of what then became the taffy. And that has 132 00:07:22.240 --> 00:07:23.040 its own story. 133 00:07:23.439 --> 00:07:26.879 More on taffy later because it's bunkers. But back to prehistory. 134 00:07:27.399 --> 00:07:33.680 They're Swedish scientists who found, oh, millennia ago, people were 135 00:07:33.759 --> 00:07:39.319 chewing tree resins as gum, and scientists have found teeth 136 00:07:39.399 --> 00:07:43.240 marks in the gum indicating that and they were at 137 00:07:43.319 --> 00:07:47.399 least some of the samples for from teenagers. From teenagers, 138 00:07:47.519 --> 00:07:51.439 you can imagine like way back, these kids chewing gum 139 00:07:51.480 --> 00:07:54.360 and the mother, yeah, spit it out, but they spit 140 00:07:54.439 --> 00:07:56.639 it out, and then flash forward and we got it. 141 00:07:57.000 --> 00:08:02.040 But what's interesting is that that those and resins that 142 00:08:02.480 --> 00:08:06.199 they chewed, and they chewed for their teeth and they 143 00:08:06.319 --> 00:08:10.560 became the foundation of today's chewing gum and literally are 144 00:08:10.720 --> 00:08:14.959 still used in some chewing gums as the base and 145 00:08:15.319 --> 00:08:18.399 up until World War Two, people with chewing resins just 146 00:08:18.560 --> 00:08:23.519 as resins are as softer gums. So for the same 147 00:08:23.600 --> 00:08:26.120 reason people thought it was good for the teeth. Freshen 148 00:08:26.199 --> 00:08:28.120 your breath gave you something to do. 149 00:08:29.399 --> 00:08:33.039 So yes, ancient teens smack and shaw. According to a 150 00:08:33.080 --> 00:08:36.919 twenty nineteen paper titled Ancient DNA for mastics solidifies connection 151 00:08:36.960 --> 00:08:40.000 between material culture and genetics of Mesolithic hunter gatherers in 152 00:08:40.039 --> 00:08:43.600 Scandinavia and they were of the Late Mesolithic period about 153 00:08:43.639 --> 00:08:47.679 ten thousand years ago and wads of chewed birch bark 154 00:08:47.840 --> 00:08:51.639 pitch found at an archaeological site based on the toothwaar 155 00:08:51.759 --> 00:08:55.440 and the molar placement suggest that the chewers were both 156 00:08:55.480 --> 00:08:58.480 male and female and around twelve to fourteen years old. 157 00:08:58.759 --> 00:09:01.200 But there was this twenty twenty four follow up study 158 00:09:01.440 --> 00:09:06.000 called Metagenomic Analysis of Mesolithic chewed pitch reveals poor oral 159 00:09:06.039 --> 00:09:09.240 health among Stone age individuals and it went further into 160 00:09:09.240 --> 00:09:11.679 those wads of gum and they were able to extract 161 00:09:11.799 --> 00:09:14.799 DNA to see what those kiddos were eating, and the 162 00:09:14.840 --> 00:09:20.120 scientists identified DNA sequences from species such as red fox, hazelnut, 163 00:09:20.240 --> 00:09:23.159 red deer, and apple. But honestly, chewing gum could have 164 00:09:23.200 --> 00:09:26.240 its own episode. So we're gonna get back to candy. 165 00:09:26.759 --> 00:09:30.720 You mentioned a little bit about using the dregs, using 166 00:09:30.879 --> 00:09:37.440 molasses and sorgum. What typically have candies been composed of? 167 00:09:37.840 --> 00:09:41.320 Has it changed a lot from things like honeys and 168 00:09:41.399 --> 00:09:45.639 waxes to cane sugar to corn syrup. Do you see 169 00:09:45.720 --> 00:09:47.799 kind of an evolution and composition. 170 00:09:48.480 --> 00:09:52.720 So within the universe, say, of sugars, there was cane sugar, 171 00:09:52.879 --> 00:09:55.279 there was some honey, not as much as people think. 172 00:09:55.320 --> 00:09:59.519 And in North America, of course honey, the honeybee didn't 173 00:09:59.519 --> 00:10:02.600 get into the fifteen sixteen hundred, so it's brand new. 174 00:10:02.639 --> 00:10:06.000 But people use sugars from maple. That would be the 175 00:10:06.080 --> 00:10:09.600 Native Americans, and they would use it from foods. 176 00:10:10.000 --> 00:10:13.799 And as we discussed in the Melatology and Indigenous Melotology 177 00:10:13.840 --> 00:10:18.639 episodes about beekeeping and native bees respectively. So the cultivated 178 00:10:18.639 --> 00:10:21.720 honey bees that you see in North America are feral 179 00:10:22.080 --> 00:10:26.159 from livestock populations brought over by European colonizers. They're not 180 00:10:26.279 --> 00:10:29.240 native here. But in Central America, as far back as 181 00:10:29.440 --> 00:10:34.399 three thousand years, indigenous populations in the Yucatan Peninsula hunted 182 00:10:34.759 --> 00:10:38.559 and collected wild honey, and they kept populations of this 183 00:10:38.720 --> 00:10:42.960 stingless honey producing bee called Melipona beachii, which is now 184 00:10:43.080 --> 00:10:44.600 nearly extinct in the region. 185 00:10:44.799 --> 00:10:45.399 And there was this. 186 00:10:45.360 --> 00:10:48.600 Twenty ten paper titled Ancient Maya Beekeeping and it notes 187 00:10:48.639 --> 00:10:52.480 that bees and their honey were considered sacred and valuable. 188 00:10:52.679 --> 00:10:55.480 But yeah, in North America, when you just see a 189 00:10:55.600 --> 00:10:59.440 regular old honeybee APIs malifera, you are looking at essentially 190 00:10:59.480 --> 00:11:02.279 a feral cat or a pigeon. And for more on 191 00:11:02.279 --> 00:11:05.320 those you can see the Columbitology pigeon episodes and the 192 00:11:05.360 --> 00:11:09.120 philonology episodes of course. But yeah, Susan is here for 193 00:11:09.200 --> 00:11:11.440 the history and what it says about culture. 194 00:11:12.080 --> 00:11:14.559 So I want to know what every like, what were 195 00:11:14.600 --> 00:11:18.080 women in a rural setting using for food and what 196 00:11:18.159 --> 00:11:21.120 kind of sugar is what was their idea of celebration 197 00:11:21.279 --> 00:11:24.879 in front? And so you go to these newspapers and 198 00:11:24.919 --> 00:11:27.159 then you get the letters to the editors or you 199 00:11:27.279 --> 00:11:31.919 have these intrepid reporters who are out there interviewing enslave 200 00:11:32.039 --> 00:11:35.120 people while they were enslaved. So if you want to say, 201 00:11:35.120 --> 00:11:38.159 what is the difference between candy and say, bake goods 202 00:11:38.240 --> 00:11:41.519 or other foods, it is that it's based in sugar 203 00:11:41.600 --> 00:11:44.120 of some sort, right, And that's what I see is 204 00:11:44.120 --> 00:11:48.559 the difference. Also culturally, how is candy different. So candy 205 00:11:48.639 --> 00:11:51.639 is something that we eat for fun and it makes 206 00:11:51.720 --> 00:11:54.039 us feel good, but it's also something that we give 207 00:11:54.120 --> 00:11:57.639 to people as a gift of love and has not 208 00:11:57.840 --> 00:12:00.960 that many other uses. But it didn't start that way. 209 00:12:01.320 --> 00:12:05.720 So originally candy was something that had a lot of 210 00:12:05.759 --> 00:12:08.919 sugar in it and was based in sugar. But like 211 00:12:09.159 --> 00:12:14.840 everything really, it had some health or medicinal value to it, 212 00:12:15.399 --> 00:12:19.039 and so sugar was used both as a medicine in 213 00:12:19.080 --> 00:12:21.000 itself and then as a disguise. 214 00:12:21.399 --> 00:12:25.600 So the industrial revolutions, where goods went from individually handmade 215 00:12:25.679 --> 00:12:29.720 to machine produced, that started around the mid seventeen hundreds 216 00:12:29.720 --> 00:12:32.519 and it spanned until the mid eighteen hundreds, thanks in 217 00:12:32.559 --> 00:12:35.840 part to the development and the refinement of the steam engine, 218 00:12:36.000 --> 00:12:39.440 and people were like, you, guys, let's make more shift 219 00:12:39.480 --> 00:12:40.200 for people to buy. 220 00:12:40.600 --> 00:12:44.399 So by the time we got to the industrial age 221 00:12:44.559 --> 00:12:49.240 to the let's say mid eighteen hundreds, right now we 222 00:12:49.320 --> 00:12:55.000 see people have the opportunity to make more things because 223 00:12:55.000 --> 00:12:59.679 of the industrial revolution, and they're able to market it 224 00:12:59.799 --> 00:13:02.720 so they can make things that they can market and 225 00:13:02.960 --> 00:13:07.960 that they can bring to untapped audiences and sell. So 226 00:13:08.159 --> 00:13:12.080 candy came about as we know it today as serving 227 00:13:12.320 --> 00:13:18.120 that purpose, but it never quite left the medicinal world behind. 228 00:13:18.879 --> 00:13:22.360 So candy was candy as you know it in the 229 00:13:22.399 --> 00:13:26.799 industrial sense, was made for working class kids as one 230 00:13:26.840 --> 00:13:30.200 of the primary audiences. They never had enough money to 231 00:13:30.200 --> 00:13:32.799 buy anything. They were able to get a penny, a 232 00:13:32.799 --> 00:13:37.440 half penny, whatever, and marketers targeted working class kids to 233 00:13:37.559 --> 00:13:41.720 buy their goods, and this is pivotal in my opinion, 234 00:13:42.080 --> 00:13:45.960 and the sales of candy enabled working class kids for 235 00:13:46.039 --> 00:13:49.799 the first time ever to see themselves as part of 236 00:13:49.840 --> 00:13:55.440 the economy of America and to see themselves as empowered 237 00:13:55.679 --> 00:13:59.840 or in being able to at some point fully live 238 00:14:00.159 --> 00:14:05.440 in this environment of who we are as Americans, as 239 00:14:05.480 --> 00:14:09.360 not a supporting actor, but as a principal actor in 240 00:14:09.399 --> 00:14:12.759 all of that. And it was their able to go 241 00:14:12.879 --> 00:14:19.440 and have commerce that so mattered to the role of candy. 242 00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:23.720 The well to do really hated that. There has always 243 00:14:23.720 --> 00:14:27.799 been a tremendous amount of classism that now is subverted, 244 00:14:28.039 --> 00:14:31.279 but was really blatant. And if you look at the 245 00:14:31.360 --> 00:14:36.399 old writings about candy. They say, these urchins think if 246 00:14:36.399 --> 00:14:39.000 they can go buy something, they'll have power, and they can't. 247 00:14:39.639 --> 00:14:43.080 They would blame candy on murders. They would blame candy 248 00:14:43.240 --> 00:14:46.320 on death's fires, robberies. 249 00:14:46.679 --> 00:14:47.039 So yeah. 250 00:14:47.039 --> 00:14:48.960 In eighteen fifty two, a doctor with the name of 251 00:14:49.080 --> 00:14:52.559 James Redfield asserted that as sugar was refined from its 252 00:14:52.679 --> 00:14:57.480 natural sources, it was another stage in the downhill course 253 00:14:57.600 --> 00:15:03.519 of deception and mockery, cowardice, cruelty, and degradation. In a 254 00:15:03.519 --> 00:15:06.559 century later, in nineteen fifty five, Edward Podolski, who was 255 00:15:06.600 --> 00:15:10.399 an American doctor also a sexologist, wrote in the paper 256 00:15:10.559 --> 00:15:13.639 The Chemical Brew of Criminal Behavior that there is an 257 00:15:13.679 --> 00:15:16.240 intimate relationship between the amount of sugar present in the 258 00:15:16.240 --> 00:15:19.919 blood and man's social behavior, and cited a list of 259 00:15:19.919 --> 00:15:23.440 crimes committed either under the influence of insulin or in 260 00:15:23.480 --> 00:15:27.519 a state of spontaneous low blood sugar, including everything from 261 00:15:27.519 --> 00:15:33.360 assault and battery to homicide, various sexual perversions, false fire alarms, 262 00:15:33.519 --> 00:15:38.720 petty larceny, arson and traffic infractions, and some delinquents, he said, 263 00:15:38.720 --> 00:15:41.759 have a tendency to hypoglycemia, and the lower the sugar 264 00:15:41.879 --> 00:15:44.759 level falls, the greater is the tendency to commit a 265 00:15:44.799 --> 00:15:48.480 criminal act. Now, as for blood sugar, it can definitely 266 00:15:48.559 --> 00:15:51.799 affect your mood and in my case, my sanity. Now, 267 00:15:52.159 --> 00:15:54.879 some people mentally associate eating a lot of sugar with 268 00:15:55.039 --> 00:15:59.559 high blood glucose and hyperactive children scaling the drapes. But 269 00:15:59.600 --> 00:16:01.360 it should all also be noted that some folks, in 270 00:16:01.399 --> 00:16:04.440 response to a spike in glucose, produce a really quick 271 00:16:04.639 --> 00:16:08.120 rush of insulin which sends the glucose into the cells. 272 00:16:08.480 --> 00:16:11.480 Thus their blood sugar actually crashes. And this is called 273 00:16:11.559 --> 00:16:16.519 reactive hypoglycemia or post prandial hyperinsulinemia. And I know that 274 00:16:16.759 --> 00:16:18.600 because apparently I have it, and I had to take 275 00:16:18.639 --> 00:16:20.879 like a five hour blood test to the doctors. 276 00:16:21.240 --> 00:16:22.159 I'm one of those people. 277 00:16:22.360 --> 00:16:24.840 In my case, when I eat sugar, it was helpful 278 00:16:24.879 --> 00:16:27.279 because I can cry on a dime. It's really weird, 279 00:16:27.320 --> 00:16:29.360 but at least it's not petty larceny. But there was 280 00:16:29.399 --> 00:16:32.080 also this two thousand and nine British Journal of Psychiatry 281 00:16:32.080 --> 00:16:37.720 paper titled Confectionery Consumption in Childhood and Adult Violence, citing 282 00:16:37.759 --> 00:16:42.559 correlations between canny consumption in childhood and violent crime later 283 00:16:42.639 --> 00:16:44.960 in life. But there were a ton of critics of 284 00:16:45.039 --> 00:16:49.279 this study citing that permissive parenting may have had the 285 00:16:49.399 --> 00:16:53.840 key role. And I imagine fifteen years later researchers would 286 00:16:53.879 --> 00:16:57.840 also now look at neurodivergence dopamine seeking as well as 287 00:16:57.919 --> 00:17:02.000 chronic PTSD from poor accommodations. But what hell do I 288 00:17:02.039 --> 00:17:06.000 know less than an ADHD expert and doctor Russell Barkley 289 00:17:06.039 --> 00:17:08.640 is in our three part ADHD episode, and he does 290 00:17:08.680 --> 00:17:13.480 touch on impulsivity and inadequate childhood interventions for neurodivergent kids 291 00:17:13.519 --> 00:17:17.039 and how that affects adulthood. So yes, what's a response 292 00:17:17.119 --> 00:17:21.000 to social structures that are simply inequitable? And what's dietary 293 00:17:21.160 --> 00:17:23.799 and what can our little epe bodies and our lizard 294 00:17:23.839 --> 00:17:28.000 brains even handle? Either way, When poor kids had penny candy, 295 00:17:28.160 --> 00:17:31.319 people were like, lock your doors, hell's got to break loose. 296 00:17:31.880 --> 00:17:35.640 They treated it almost as we would today as say 297 00:17:35.759 --> 00:17:39.359 somebody who's all hopped up on coke? Right, I mean, 298 00:17:39.440 --> 00:17:42.640 ironically the coke and opium in those days in the pharmacies, 299 00:17:43.079 --> 00:17:46.079 but not in the candy. But yeah, it's really important 300 00:17:46.119 --> 00:17:49.920 and it's really good, and it served really valuable purpose 301 00:17:50.160 --> 00:17:52.200 to these kids who could purchase. 302 00:17:51.799 --> 00:17:56.559 It, and that leap from pharmacy to candy counter. Are 303 00:17:56.599 --> 00:17:59.599 we seeing the hard candies that were used to seeing 304 00:17:59.799 --> 00:18:02.799 those start as lozenges? What are some of the types 305 00:18:02.839 --> 00:18:07.559 of candy that the industry recognizes, from confections to taffy's 306 00:18:07.599 --> 00:18:10.720 to suckers, to bond bonds to hard candies, Like what 307 00:18:10.880 --> 00:18:11.559 kind of a ray? 308 00:18:11.799 --> 00:18:13.799 How do you classify them? 309 00:18:13.799 --> 00:18:16.680 That's a good question. I would classify by their purpose 310 00:18:17.160 --> 00:18:20.680 and who's eating them. And so the hard candies that 311 00:18:20.759 --> 00:18:25.079 you're talking about, the boiled sugars, go back forever. A 312 00:18:25.240 --> 00:18:28.519 rock candy, for example, has got to be I don't know, 313 00:18:28.880 --> 00:18:32.279 you know, at least two millennia old, but it was 314 00:18:32.440 --> 00:18:36.960 always used as it is today for sore throat, and 315 00:18:37.000 --> 00:18:40.839 it's of its own kind of thing, similar to say 316 00:18:40.880 --> 00:18:43.720 the sugar plums, and the sugar plums you see coming 317 00:18:43.720 --> 00:18:46.839 around the fourteen fifteen hundreds, which were a little seed 318 00:18:46.920 --> 00:18:50.200 or not put in a balancing pan over a fire 319 00:18:50.880 --> 00:18:54.440 with sugar syrup or some something of that sort in it, 320 00:18:54.920 --> 00:18:57.920 rolled around, Let to sit, put back, rolled around, let's 321 00:18:57.920 --> 00:19:01.519 sit bla blah blah blah for well to do European 322 00:19:01.599 --> 00:19:05.039 women and then well to do American women who would 323 00:19:05.079 --> 00:19:09.319 eat them after a meal as a digestive and refreshment 324 00:19:09.400 --> 00:19:14.799 for their breath. Right, those became turn a century with 325 00:19:14.920 --> 00:19:17.839 the machinery that that's a panting machine that you know, 326 00:19:17.920 --> 00:19:21.160 looked kind of like a cement mixer or is kind 327 00:19:21.200 --> 00:19:23.359 of like when you were rolled around, they became the 328 00:19:23.440 --> 00:19:24.079 job breaker. 329 00:19:24.359 --> 00:19:26.200 Boy howdy oh. 330 00:19:26.279 --> 00:19:28.319 It went from being from the very well to do 331 00:19:28.400 --> 00:19:31.000 and something very uppercrest and took a great deal of 332 00:19:31.000 --> 00:19:34.079 skill to make to being something that little kids or 333 00:19:34.119 --> 00:19:37.200 even all you know, could go and buy, putting in 334 00:19:37.319 --> 00:19:40.400 the pocket and have it. That's hard candy and. 335 00:19:40.400 --> 00:19:43.079 Just a really quick chemistry lesson. So candy has different 336 00:19:43.400 --> 00:19:46.240 terms depending on the temperature that the sugar is cooked at. 337 00:19:46.400 --> 00:19:49.240 And according to this very handy article titled the cold 338 00:19:49.279 --> 00:19:53.240 Water Candy Test from Exploratorium dot org, my favorite childhood 339 00:19:53.319 --> 00:19:56.960 museum in San Francisco. So you've got the softball stage 340 00:19:57.160 --> 00:19:59.880 that starts around two hundred and forty degrees fahrenheit or 341 00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:03.319 one fifteen celsius, and this will result in a texture 342 00:20:03.400 --> 00:20:07.640 like fudge or prelines. Next up is the firm ball stage, 343 00:20:07.960 --> 00:20:12.200 which you'll get caramel texture. The hard ball stage will 344 00:20:12.240 --> 00:20:15.640 get you textures like neuget, marshmallows and gummies. And then 345 00:20:15.720 --> 00:20:18.039 as the temperatures increase that you're cooking the sugar at 346 00:20:18.160 --> 00:20:21.960 the moisture goes down, the sugar quotient increases, and you 347 00:20:22.039 --> 00:20:26.119 have the soft crack stage that's like saltwater taffy and butterscotch, 348 00:20:26.359 --> 00:20:29.599 and then the hard crack stage of nut brittles and 349 00:20:29.680 --> 00:20:34.319 lollipops and hard candies and toffees. So your candy is 350 00:20:34.319 --> 00:20:37.880 a chemistry experiment. So side note on those sugar plums. 351 00:20:38.119 --> 00:20:40.960 Sometimes they did have a little prune center, but more 352 00:20:41.000 --> 00:20:43.599 often than not they just tended to be oval shaped. 353 00:20:43.839 --> 00:20:47.119 So just think of plum shaped sugar balls more than 354 00:20:47.240 --> 00:20:49.799 prunes dusted and sugar powder, which is what I always 355 00:20:49.799 --> 00:20:53.319 thought that sugar plums were. No, they're like hard candies. Also, 356 00:20:53.400 --> 00:20:56.319 you know the sugar plum fairy in the Tchaikovsky Valley 357 00:20:56.359 --> 00:20:57.039 the Nutcracker. 358 00:20:57.119 --> 00:20:58.720 Okay, so she is the ruler. 359 00:20:58.440 --> 00:21:00.880 Of the land of sweets while the prince is a way, 360 00:21:00.920 --> 00:21:03.440 I guess she's like a deputy governor but in it 361 00:21:03.519 --> 00:21:06.640 too too. Also, it would be so good to see 362 00:21:06.920 --> 00:21:10.000 like a Halloween adaptation of the Nutcracker, but instead of 363 00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:13.160 the sugar plumb ferry. It's like the jawbreaker goblin. Someone 364 00:21:13.240 --> 00:21:16.599 gets some funding for that. Would those women suck on 365 00:21:16.599 --> 00:21:17.680 it for a little bit and put it back in 366 00:21:17.680 --> 00:21:19.640 a drawer or would they eat the whole sugar plumber 367 00:21:19.720 --> 00:21:20.240 one time? 368 00:21:20.920 --> 00:21:23.839 Well, what I'm talking about is this is a teeny 369 00:21:23.880 --> 00:21:24.759 little sugar. 370 00:21:24.440 --> 00:21:25.960 Okay, so that wasn't sure. 371 00:21:26.160 --> 00:21:30.880 But they did have, say, sour balls. Right, so you're 372 00:21:30.880 --> 00:21:35.160 too young, But my grandmother and all of my great 373 00:21:35.160 --> 00:21:39.359 aunts had these persons and then the person they these 374 00:21:39.400 --> 00:21:43.480 black persons. Anybody my agent's gun on sixty seven, Well 375 00:21:43.640 --> 00:21:46.599 know what I'm talking about. They would have candy bawls. 376 00:21:46.839 --> 00:21:49.440 They had a purses and they would sit there talking talk, 377 00:21:50.400 --> 00:21:53.680 and in the bottom of the purses were life savers 378 00:21:53.759 --> 00:21:56.200 and sour balls and things of that sort. And you 379 00:21:56.400 --> 00:21:59.839 didn't even have to ask, Oh, just go in and 380 00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:02.440 you could just rummage in or they would just offer 381 00:22:02.559 --> 00:22:04.799 to you and it didn't matter. You could have all 382 00:22:04.839 --> 00:22:08.920 that you wanted. It was great. They were bite size, 383 00:22:09.599 --> 00:22:12.240 the bridge mix, the little chocolate covered raisins. They were 384 00:22:12.319 --> 00:22:16.000 deliberately made bite size so that you could say, play 385 00:22:16.079 --> 00:22:19.079 cards with one hand and just sort of eat your 386 00:22:19.279 --> 00:22:22.319 candies with the other. There are mansu bigcorum, no matter 387 00:22:22.359 --> 00:22:25.200 who was eating it. Candy bears are a different story. 388 00:22:25.359 --> 00:22:28.160 We don't talk about those when we talk about good manners. 389 00:22:29.880 --> 00:22:34.880 Yeah, you're not playing Gin Rummy and eating Snickers probably. 390 00:22:34.960 --> 00:22:37.079 Let's put it this way, your grandmother would never have 391 00:22:37.160 --> 00:22:39.119 a candy bear on the bottom of your purse. She'd 392 00:22:39.119 --> 00:22:41.920 have a little lifesaver that you had pulled over the top, 393 00:22:41.960 --> 00:22:43.680 but she would not have a Snickers war. 394 00:22:45.240 --> 00:22:47.960 So there are those hard candies. There are sours. Yeah, 395 00:22:48.000 --> 00:22:49.359 what are some other types of candies? 396 00:22:49.440 --> 00:22:52.359 There are hard candies, There are taffy's, There are fizzes, 397 00:22:52.640 --> 00:22:58.319 There are chocolates, There are filled chocolates. There are soft 398 00:22:58.400 --> 00:23:01.559 paste candies like the Wave for which was made by 399 00:23:01.559 --> 00:23:04.480 the Way in eighteen forty seven, one of the first 400 00:23:05.640 --> 00:23:08.279 candies to be made out in a popcarrier. 401 00:23:08.519 --> 00:23:11.200 And just a side note, so the Neco wafer inventor, 402 00:23:11.240 --> 00:23:14.920 who's this Boston apothecary had a brother, and his brother 403 00:23:15.039 --> 00:23:17.680 invented this other chalky candy you've had in your pocket 404 00:23:17.799 --> 00:23:21.680 or your mouth. Valentine's Day conversation hearts, which explains why 405 00:23:21.720 --> 00:23:24.400 they taste so much alike. Also, if you've ever read 406 00:23:24.440 --> 00:23:26.839 the Chronicles of Narnia, and you could not pay attention 407 00:23:26.880 --> 00:23:28.799 to the narrative because you just kept wondering what the 408 00:23:28.799 --> 00:23:32.640 fuck Turkish delights were. They were like a wiggly jelly cube, 409 00:23:32.839 --> 00:23:36.440 but rose and almond and pistachio or any fruit flavor. 410 00:23:36.720 --> 00:23:39.960 And they emerged, of course, in Turkey in an apothecary, 411 00:23:40.279 --> 00:23:43.279 and they were also called locum, which means to rest 412 00:23:43.319 --> 00:23:45.799 your throat. And the irony of me doing this episode 413 00:23:45.920 --> 00:23:47.440 while sick is not lost on me. 414 00:23:48.079 --> 00:23:48.720 It's brutal. 415 00:23:49.000 --> 00:23:52.240 But Turkish delights began to spread worldwide in the seventeen 416 00:23:52.319 --> 00:23:56.319 hundreds and eventually, like a smaller candy coated version, became 417 00:23:56.920 --> 00:23:59.400 our modern day jelly pen. Now, as for C. S. 418 00:23:59.480 --> 00:24:03.440 Lewis making locum the locus of downfall in The Lion, 419 00:24:03.480 --> 00:24:06.400 the Witch and the Wardrobe, there's this historian Kara Stricklin 420 00:24:06.440 --> 00:24:09.559 who wrote an essay titled why was Turkish Delight? C? S. 421 00:24:09.640 --> 00:24:10.759 Lewis's Guilty Pleasure? 422 00:24:10.960 --> 00:24:13.400 And it poses the hypothesis that the book was written 423 00:24:13.519 --> 00:24:17.519 during World War Two, when confections were rationed and these 424 00:24:17.599 --> 00:24:20.480 exotic treasures were hard to come by for nearly a decade, 425 00:24:20.559 --> 00:24:23.559 so he maybe wrote the whole book just Jones and 426 00:24:23.640 --> 00:24:26.960 for candy. But let's turn our attention to some gummy 427 00:24:27.039 --> 00:24:29.920 or matters. Something that just walloped me was learning that 428 00:24:29.960 --> 00:24:33.119 Harry Bo the makers of gummy bears. That's a German 429 00:24:33.200 --> 00:24:36.519 company and it comes from the founder's name, Hans Regelbon 430 00:24:36.960 --> 00:24:41.039 Harry Beau. And this entire time I thought Harrybo was 431 00:24:41.160 --> 00:24:45.440 Japanese because when it comes to weird candy, Japan hits 432 00:24:45.519 --> 00:24:48.640 us in the face with its gloves and we take it. 433 00:24:49.279 --> 00:24:51.880 So I would say, what are the kinds the gummy 434 00:24:51.960 --> 00:24:55.880 candies which originated many think I think from the Turkish 435 00:24:55.880 --> 00:24:59.319 to light Year nine hundred, But the gummy candies, which 436 00:24:59.359 --> 00:25:03.480 are its own kind of existence. There are all sorts 437 00:25:03.480 --> 00:25:07.279 of creams, French creams, those creamy things that just melt 438 00:25:07.319 --> 00:25:07.960 in your mouth. 439 00:25:08.440 --> 00:25:11.720 My grandma's preference was a dish of butterments, which are 440 00:25:11.799 --> 00:25:14.880 the ones that look like a stale mini marshmallow, but 441 00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:18.400 then they dissolve into like a peppermint paste in your mouth. 442 00:25:18.680 --> 00:25:21.480 And Susan said that those were also used to cover 443 00:25:21.599 --> 00:25:25.160 booze breath and saloons. So on the topic of less 444 00:25:25.200 --> 00:25:27.119 innocent contractions. 445 00:25:27.039 --> 00:25:32.119 The candies that we're talking about had a lot, not 446 00:25:32.480 --> 00:25:36.000 the ones my grandmother had, God forbid, but they had 447 00:25:36.000 --> 00:25:39.519 a lot to do it with us sex what Yeah, 448 00:25:39.559 --> 00:25:41.640 and they still do today. Haven't you ever had a 449 00:25:41.680 --> 00:25:42.599 creamy chocolate? 450 00:25:43.279 --> 00:25:43.559 Yeah? 451 00:25:43.920 --> 00:25:50.079 So truffles are a good example. They were really came 452 00:25:50.119 --> 00:25:53.480 into being in France around the time of the Moulin Rouge. 453 00:25:54.119 --> 00:25:57.680 And if you look at the paintings that say tulusla trek, 454 00:25:57.720 --> 00:26:01.920 which are very sexual, very sensual and amazing. And if 455 00:26:01.920 --> 00:26:04.400 he didn't come from such a well to do family, 456 00:26:04.480 --> 00:26:07.359 he probably would have been prison for him, but he didn't. 457 00:26:07.400 --> 00:26:11.519 They were just gorgeous. They were comfortable, are to what 458 00:26:11.559 --> 00:26:14.599 the truffle was. And so the truffle was a gift 459 00:26:14.680 --> 00:26:16.599 that you would go when you're going out to meet 460 00:26:16.640 --> 00:26:20.359 with somebody, if you're a man in particular, although the 461 00:26:20.759 --> 00:26:23.240 you know, to Luisa trek version would be men with 462 00:26:23.319 --> 00:26:26.079 men and women with women, but the commercial version was 463 00:26:26.079 --> 00:26:29.680 a man meeting a woman and would have a box 464 00:26:29.759 --> 00:26:35.759 of chocolates. And that was, in our opinions as a 465 00:26:35.839 --> 00:26:40.680 Victorian culture, a gift of fondness. And really there were 466 00:26:40.680 --> 00:26:43.359 gifts of sex and come on, let's go and sex. 467 00:26:43.839 --> 00:26:48.039 They were very sensual. The rose the roses and the 468 00:26:48.079 --> 00:26:51.880 swirls and so forth. I mean, you know, a guy 469 00:26:51.920 --> 00:26:54.519 in the collegist would recognize a lot of their views 470 00:26:56.359 --> 00:26:59.279 how they're done. So they're also really sexual. I mean 471 00:26:59.839 --> 00:27:01.519 it it's been so multi purpose. 472 00:27:02.119 --> 00:27:06.039 Were there certain ingredients in candy that were considered afrod 473 00:27:06.119 --> 00:27:10.359 usiacs and for adults and like sour things. 474 00:27:10.160 --> 00:27:12.519 That were for kids? Like are there certain flavor profiles 475 00:27:12.559 --> 00:27:14.400 that target different demographics? 476 00:27:15.119 --> 00:27:19.400 I would say that for kids, it really was the 477 00:27:19.480 --> 00:27:22.720 cheapness of the candy. So you know, there was the 478 00:27:22.799 --> 00:27:25.680 little kiss candies, which hers she did not invent. It 479 00:27:25.720 --> 00:27:27.559 was the name of a candy. It's a little kiss, 480 00:27:27.559 --> 00:27:30.279 it's a little piece. He used it. It was Hershey's 481 00:27:30.680 --> 00:27:34.599 version of the kiss, and now the company, I don't 482 00:27:34.640 --> 00:27:36.920 know how long ago, not like four or five years ago, 483 00:27:37.000 --> 00:27:39.839 got to own it, and everybody thinks her she invented 484 00:27:39.880 --> 00:27:42.359 the kiss. And there were a million kinds of kisses, 485 00:27:42.720 --> 00:27:45.000 and little kids would go and grown ups too, they 486 00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:47.240 would go buy a bag of kisses. And it could 487 00:27:47.240 --> 00:27:49.559 have been wilber Bud, which was a kiss, or it 488 00:27:49.559 --> 00:27:52.759 could have been any number of marshmallows or Toughi's. There 489 00:27:52.759 --> 00:27:54.480 were little pieces. 490 00:27:54.400 --> 00:27:55.119 So yes, h O. 491 00:27:55.160 --> 00:27:58.599 Wilbert developed this drop shaped candy from the way that 492 00:27:58.680 --> 00:28:02.480 the nozzle kisses sheet underneath it, and then about thirteen 493 00:28:02.599 --> 00:28:04.279 years later Milton. 494 00:28:04.039 --> 00:28:06.400 Hershey was like, that's a great idea. I love that. 495 00:28:06.759 --> 00:28:09.160 And it wasn't until the turn of the century two 496 00:28:09.200 --> 00:28:13.559 thousand y two k that Hershey finally won the trademark 497 00:28:13.680 --> 00:28:16.880 to kisses. And they had to do this in court 498 00:28:16.960 --> 00:28:20.440 by proving that when the public hears chocolate kisses, they 499 00:28:20.480 --> 00:28:24.319 think Hershey's kisses. So sorry, Wilbur, you lose. But I 500 00:28:24.359 --> 00:28:26.680 don't know if it matters because the Wilbur family business 501 00:28:26.759 --> 00:28:31.599 has since been acquired by this multinational food giant called Cargill. However, 502 00:28:31.720 --> 00:28:35.480 they still have a Wilbert Chocolate storefront in Lititz, Pennsylvania, 503 00:28:35.559 --> 00:28:38.039 where you can get some Wilbur Buds, which is what 504 00:28:38.039 --> 00:28:41.279 they're called now, don't call them kisses. Don't do it. It's petty, 505 00:28:41.599 --> 00:28:42.079 it's mean. 506 00:28:42.559 --> 00:28:46.000 So kids would get that and they would get little 507 00:28:46.039 --> 00:28:49.880 cheap chocolates. But it was well to do who would 508 00:28:49.880 --> 00:28:53.759 have these sumptuous chocolates that were just made with no 509 00:28:53.960 --> 00:28:57.960 ways and skilled hands puts them together, and there was 510 00:28:58.000 --> 00:29:01.319 a great art to creating them and they were for sex. 511 00:29:02.480 --> 00:29:05.759 I had no idea that they were so sexer. 512 00:29:06.559 --> 00:29:07.839 Well, can I tell you? 513 00:29:08.839 --> 00:29:09.119 Yes? 514 00:29:09.119 --> 00:29:12.200 May I tell you a bit of the past, yes? Please? 515 00:29:12.359 --> 00:29:15.519 All right, As you know, through most of time, explorers 516 00:29:15.519 --> 00:29:18.920 were really just raiding the cultures and the food rays 517 00:29:19.000 --> 00:29:22.799 of everybody. So of course a number of explorers, including Hernandez, 518 00:29:22.839 --> 00:29:23.319 I think it was. 519 00:29:23.559 --> 00:29:23.640 So. 520 00:29:23.720 --> 00:29:26.759 This is Hernan Cortez, a Spanish conky storer who very 521 00:29:26.759 --> 00:29:30.200 famously had major beef with the emperor of the Aztec 522 00:29:30.200 --> 00:29:33.640 Empire and the late fourteen hundreds and the early fifteen 523 00:29:33.680 --> 00:29:38.200 hundreds that led to the emperor's downfall and Cortes losing 524 00:29:38.279 --> 00:29:41.519 most of his looted treasure. But later Cortes had a 525 00:29:41.640 --> 00:29:45.279 child with the emperor's daughter who's only seventeen, so I 526 00:29:45.319 --> 00:29:48.400 cannot imagine it was a consensual love affair. But anyway, 527 00:29:48.480 --> 00:29:51.920 back to this counky storre's arrival in the Aztec Empire. 528 00:29:52.200 --> 00:29:53.839 So Hernan Cortez. 529 00:29:53.759 --> 00:29:56.640 Wound up in Mexico and with him was this man 530 00:29:56.680 --> 00:29:59.440 who was writing, taking notes on what he saw, and 531 00:29:59.480 --> 00:30:02.160 there they Now you know what these people are like 532 00:30:02.200 --> 00:30:04.920 from Europe, right, I mean, in one hundred and ten 533 00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:08.039 degree heat, they're going to wear layers of clothes, and 534 00:30:08.079 --> 00:30:12.759 there they see this Montezuma with very few clothes and 535 00:30:12.839 --> 00:30:16.559 all sorts of feathers and very well clothed in his 536 00:30:16.759 --> 00:30:21.920 own beautiful way. And so he's drinking this cacaw and 537 00:30:21.960 --> 00:30:24.440 he has all these wives and all these half naked 538 00:30:24.480 --> 00:30:29.680 women going around, and so somehow they figured out and 539 00:30:29.720 --> 00:30:34.400 it wasn't even true that he drank fifty jalousies of 540 00:30:34.640 --> 00:30:38.960 chocolate a day to placate his many wives. So A, 541 00:30:39.240 --> 00:30:42.119 I don't think you cared less about placating his wives. 542 00:30:42.279 --> 00:30:46.240 And b the jalices of chocolate were available to everybody, 543 00:30:46.240 --> 00:30:48.920 and he just really liked them, and they were meant 544 00:30:49.000 --> 00:30:51.079 to be healthy and good few and they were for 545 00:30:51.200 --> 00:30:55.599 staminar virility. But it wasn't necessarily sex. But of course 546 00:30:55.599 --> 00:30:58.119 you got these guys from Europe. You don't even want 547 00:30:58.119 --> 00:31:01.400 to talk about it. They'll do it, but you know, 548 00:31:01.480 --> 00:31:03.640 they have all these code words for it, and so 549 00:31:04.279 --> 00:31:07.359 he his Montazuma. So they go back, they bring the 550 00:31:07.920 --> 00:31:11.559 chocolate back to them to Spain, and the Spanish people 551 00:31:12.480 --> 00:31:15.039 harbored it and they didn't tell anyone about it, and 552 00:31:15.079 --> 00:31:19.359 eventually were leaked doubt so through the marriage of royalty, 553 00:31:19.839 --> 00:31:24.359 and then it became this upper echelon, very fine kind 554 00:31:24.400 --> 00:31:32.119 of food. But Montezuma's relationship, alleged relationship to chocolate in 555 00:31:32.160 --> 00:31:36.599 its sexual powers, never really left. Only now it's the 556 00:31:36.640 --> 00:31:39.319 well to do right with all of their clothes and 557 00:31:39.400 --> 00:31:44.400 perfumes and foul ways when they're tiging right, I'm compared 558 00:31:44.440 --> 00:31:46.920 to Montezuma out there just doing his thing. I mean, 559 00:31:46.960 --> 00:31:50.279 no question, he would raid other cultures and he would 560 00:31:50.279 --> 00:31:53.000 made them pay a tariff, which was in fact to 561 00:31:53.160 --> 00:31:56.839 cow's right because he didn't grow in Mexico. I'm not 562 00:31:56.920 --> 00:31:59.960 a role here but getting back. So that's how chocolate 563 00:32:00.240 --> 00:32:04.799 became the upper echelon sexy sexy thing and why we 564 00:32:04.960 --> 00:32:08.160 today consider it in aphrodisiac. 565 00:32:09.240 --> 00:32:10.079 That's amazing. 566 00:32:10.279 --> 00:32:13.559 But last thing, sex is in the brain, isn't it. 567 00:32:14.359 --> 00:32:16.119 Do you think of sexy, Go eat it and have 568 00:32:16.240 --> 00:32:19.000 some sex, good sex. 569 00:32:19.359 --> 00:32:24.000 So chocolate, the plant it's derived from literally means food 570 00:32:24.079 --> 00:32:27.400 of the gods, and it does contain the amino acid tryptofan, 571 00:32:27.680 --> 00:32:30.480 which is used to make serotonin in our brains. And 572 00:32:30.519 --> 00:32:33.720 it also contains the stimulant phenyl ethyl amine, which is 573 00:32:33.720 --> 00:32:39.119 a natural euphoria inducing cannabinoid and it boosts our dopamine 574 00:32:39.160 --> 00:32:42.079 reward systems. For more on all these neurochemicals, we have 575 00:32:42.119 --> 00:32:45.279 a molecular neurobiology episode for you. And for more on 576 00:32:45.480 --> 00:32:48.920 not chocolate, we have a whole episode on carib What 577 00:32:49.000 --> 00:32:52.240 it is, why did almond moms of the nineteen seventies 578 00:32:52.279 --> 00:32:55.119 eat it? And why is it falling from the trees 579 00:32:55.160 --> 00:32:55.960 in front of your house? 580 00:32:56.279 --> 00:32:59.599 But back to chocolate. Is it an aphrodisiac? Is it? 581 00:33:00.039 --> 00:33:02.359 Can someone study this? Of course they did so. 582 00:33:02.559 --> 00:33:05.839 A two thousand and six Journal of Sexual Medicine article 583 00:33:06.160 --> 00:33:11.720 titled Chocolate and Women's Sexual Health and Intriguing Correlation found 584 00:33:11.759 --> 00:33:14.720 that yes, women in their study who ate chocolate had 585 00:33:14.839 --> 00:33:19.920 higher female sexual function scores. But but it also found 586 00:33:20.160 --> 00:33:23.880 that younger participants ate more chocolate and that in general, 587 00:33:24.000 --> 00:33:28.039 younger people they're just hornier. I mean, it's placebo effect 588 00:33:28.160 --> 00:33:33.559 is effective, plus the texture. I just love that they 589 00:33:33.559 --> 00:33:36.079 saw that and they were like, it's essentially viagra. They're like, 590 00:33:36.079 --> 00:33:36.680 it's viagra. 591 00:33:36.880 --> 00:33:39.000 Is what he's drinking. He must be in that. 592 00:33:39.079 --> 00:33:43.279 Whole idea of like viagra and of needing to create 593 00:33:43.359 --> 00:33:46.160 who we are. The world of candy came out of 594 00:33:46.160 --> 00:33:48.359 a world of herbs, and it came out of a 595 00:33:48.480 --> 00:33:52.559 world of you know, medicinal things, but it wasn't quite 596 00:33:53.079 --> 00:33:57.000 as imbued with having to reinvent ourselves. It's more like 597 00:33:58.039 --> 00:34:00.519 wanting to have a great time and not young if 598 00:34:00.559 --> 00:34:01.319 it could help it. 599 00:34:03.000 --> 00:34:06.839 Anyway, Well, what about the preservation aspects of it? Because 600 00:34:06.880 --> 00:34:10.360 I know that if you candy orange peels, they tend 601 00:34:10.400 --> 00:34:13.480 not to spoil it. So was candy and sugar? Was 602 00:34:13.519 --> 00:34:16.599 that a way of preservation in olden times? Did it 603 00:34:16.639 --> 00:34:17.960 grow from that direction? 604 00:34:19.119 --> 00:34:19.360 Yes? 605 00:34:19.679 --> 00:34:24.400 It did. So I've just been working on this forum 606 00:34:24.880 --> 00:34:27.639 one of the museums, in fact, trying to convince them 607 00:34:27.719 --> 00:34:32.760 that the French didn't actually create glass a candy. But 608 00:34:33.079 --> 00:34:35.679 in fact, we're going to look at this from the 609 00:34:35.760 --> 00:34:39.760 lens of a very narrow perception of history, where everything 610 00:34:39.960 --> 00:34:43.599 that's candy in the US somewhat somehow wound up with 611 00:34:43.639 --> 00:34:48.199 the ancient Romans or Greeks. That's not true. I mean 612 00:34:48.280 --> 00:34:50.760 half of what they were eating came from Asia, what 613 00:34:50.800 --> 00:34:53.039 I mean, So that isn't true. So we're gonna let 614 00:34:53.079 --> 00:34:53.639 go of that. 615 00:34:53.920 --> 00:34:56.679 Let us not credit the Roman and the Greeks with everything. 616 00:34:57.199 --> 00:35:00.639 But one of the things that you absolutely write about 617 00:35:00.840 --> 00:35:04.519 is that sugar, and in particular, in many places, honey 618 00:35:04.800 --> 00:35:07.920 was a preservative and it was used that way just 619 00:35:07.960 --> 00:35:12.000 as salt may have been. And honey was useful because, 620 00:35:12.000 --> 00:35:15.719 as everybody knows, it didn't spoil, although it could crystallize, 621 00:35:16.039 --> 00:35:20.920 So sugar was used as a preservative. And one of 622 00:35:20.960 --> 00:35:24.880 the vestiges of that is, in fact, the much maligned 623 00:35:25.159 --> 00:35:28.119 glass a candy, which would be the orange peels. And 624 00:35:28.159 --> 00:35:31.119 it's much maligned because it's a core part of the 625 00:35:31.280 --> 00:35:35.480 very much maligned Christmas cake, right, the fruitcake. But really 626 00:35:35.519 --> 00:35:39.719 it has a venerable history and is based on the 627 00:35:39.760 --> 00:35:41.599 preservative aspect of sugar. 628 00:35:41.960 --> 00:35:44.440 So if you're wondering why a jar of honey can 629 00:35:44.480 --> 00:35:47.679 outlive you, some pots of it have apparently been found 630 00:35:47.719 --> 00:35:51.559 in ancient Egyptian tombs. So, according to one Smithsonian article, 631 00:35:51.840 --> 00:35:55.360 food scientists have cited a one two three punch of 632 00:35:55.440 --> 00:35:59.880 one the very low moisture content of honey being inhospitable 633 00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:04.800 two bacteria viruses. Plus it's got low pH and high acidity, 634 00:36:05.320 --> 00:36:09.280 and a bit of hydrogen peroxide resulting from some chemical 635 00:36:09.320 --> 00:36:12.800 reactions from the little honeybee tummies since they eat the 636 00:36:12.840 --> 00:36:15.000 nectar and then they kind of barf it out into honey. 637 00:36:15.159 --> 00:36:17.679 Don't worry about it. We don't worry about that. Are 638 00:36:17.760 --> 00:36:21.320 there any candies that are based on the fermentation of 639 00:36:21.360 --> 00:36:23.920 that sugar or No. Once you've fermented, then you're just 640 00:36:23.960 --> 00:36:25.760 talking booze. That's just booze. 641 00:36:26.239 --> 00:36:30.159 Yeah, other way around. So the candy, oh man, all right, now, 642 00:36:30.239 --> 00:36:35.440 let's talk about prohibition, because candy, particularly rock candy, was 643 00:36:35.639 --> 00:36:39.920 used as an acre fomenting agent in the alcohol in 644 00:36:39.960 --> 00:36:43.639 the drink rock and rye. Rock is the rock candy, 645 00:36:43.800 --> 00:36:48.239 and rye is the whiskey. So you put rock candy 646 00:36:48.280 --> 00:36:51.280 in the rye and it would create this really very 647 00:36:51.760 --> 00:36:55.039 serpic kind of drink. I don't know if you've had it. No, 648 00:36:55.760 --> 00:36:57.760 I don't recommend it. OK up to you. 649 00:36:58.320 --> 00:37:00.920 So prohibition in the US last year from nineteen twenty 650 00:37:01.119 --> 00:37:04.239 to nineteen thirty three, and rock and rye was kind 651 00:37:04.239 --> 00:37:07.960 of like a rye old fashioned with rye whiskey, rock candy, 652 00:37:08.239 --> 00:37:11.440 bitters and a little orange rind or a cherry. And 653 00:37:11.800 --> 00:37:15.039 there are fago drinkers out there. And yes, there is 654 00:37:15.039 --> 00:37:17.239 a soda flavor called rock and rye which is said 655 00:37:17.239 --> 00:37:20.519 to taste like vanilla doctor pepper, And somehow in a 656 00:37:20.639 --> 00:37:24.119 Daquel hayze, I found myself on the subredded Juggalos, and 657 00:37:24.199 --> 00:37:29.239 one enthusiastic insane clown posse and Fago fan proclaimed, quote, 658 00:37:29.239 --> 00:37:31.920 my dad found me some rock and rye. Finally, what 659 00:37:31.960 --> 00:37:34.400 do you guys think of it? Whoop whoop, and many 660 00:37:34.480 --> 00:37:37.519 chimed in that this flavor of fago was the best 661 00:37:37.519 --> 00:37:39.239 flavor of fag all right. 662 00:37:39.519 --> 00:37:45.400 However, what was interesting was that during prohibition, the prohibitions 663 00:37:45.400 --> 00:37:50.360 were close in everything down that was remotely connected to alcohol, 664 00:37:50.679 --> 00:37:55.239 including the rock candy factories, even though they were genuinely 665 00:37:55.280 --> 00:37:58.840 making rock candy, and rock candy is genuinely important from 666 00:37:59.159 --> 00:38:02.239 many things was used as menicuva throat, but it was 667 00:38:02.320 --> 00:38:06.360 also favorite of kids. They love rock candy right close down, 668 00:38:06.559 --> 00:38:10.400 and they shut down all but one, I think because 669 00:38:10.400 --> 00:38:15.320 it was so used as for alcohol. Can I tell 670 00:38:15.320 --> 00:38:16.639 you the flip side of that though? 671 00:38:16.920 --> 00:38:17.280 Yes? 672 00:38:18.000 --> 00:38:20.559 All right, So if you like candy, you gotta be 673 00:38:20.679 --> 00:38:23.199 somebodyho likes to have fun, right, yeah, I mean it's 674 00:38:23.239 --> 00:38:26.719 all about fun. So you have these candy makers during prohibition, 675 00:38:27.199 --> 00:38:29.280 and they want to be able to sell the candy, 676 00:38:29.760 --> 00:38:32.320 all right, So how do you sell it? Everybody's making candy. 677 00:38:32.360 --> 00:38:35.199 The million kind of candies out there. You're sell any kids, 678 00:38:35.199 --> 00:38:37.519 but you want others to buy it, right, So what 679 00:38:37.559 --> 00:38:41.360 did they do? They named the candy for popular illegal 680 00:38:41.400 --> 00:38:43.159 prohibition era cocktails. 681 00:38:43.519 --> 00:38:44.239 Oh my god. 682 00:38:44.480 --> 00:38:47.480 And so you have the cherry match, which was a 683 00:38:47.599 --> 00:38:51.880 very really popular cocktail because you just took shit. I 684 00:38:51.880 --> 00:38:54.480 mean prisoners who are doing this in their bathrooms, I 685 00:38:54.519 --> 00:38:57.639 mean literally people at home. You take cherry or other 686 00:38:57.679 --> 00:38:59.920 fruits too, but cherry was real popular. You let it 687 00:39:00.159 --> 00:39:02.679 ferment is the sugar in the cherry, right, that makes 688 00:39:02.719 --> 00:39:05.119 it ferment, And in some of the acids, you make 689 00:39:05.159 --> 00:39:07.199 it into a drink you have. Do you remember the 690 00:39:07.239 --> 00:39:10.800 little wax bottles they would call nickel disp yes, right 691 00:39:11.039 --> 00:39:13.960 the neck for a nickel for a bag in the 692 00:39:14.039 --> 00:39:16.039 nip because they made them look like a nipple. Whiskey 693 00:39:16.119 --> 00:39:20.000 during prohibition or the lead into ProBiS. So you can 694 00:39:20.039 --> 00:39:22.880 go through one candy f to the other. It's almost 695 00:39:22.960 --> 00:39:28.840 like a shadow rebellion against a prohibition that with the candies, 696 00:39:29.239 --> 00:39:29.920 it was great. 697 00:39:30.400 --> 00:39:33.639 I mean I remember as a kid, we would walk 698 00:39:33.719 --> 00:39:34.960 down to the corner. 699 00:39:34.599 --> 00:39:36.039 Store like a block or so. 700 00:39:36.760 --> 00:39:39.920 Yeah, my like my parents were like whatever, just don't die. 701 00:39:40.199 --> 00:39:42.360 We'd walked out of like, Okay, I'm kind of slushy, 702 00:39:42.639 --> 00:39:47.079 and absolute treasure was buying a pack of candy cigarettes 703 00:39:47.119 --> 00:39:49.920 as a child. Yes I know they still sell them, 704 00:39:49.920 --> 00:39:52.519 but as a child there's Spretty Steers and they're like, look, 705 00:39:52.559 --> 00:39:56.480 I'm smoking, which is so hilarious that we do use 706 00:39:56.480 --> 00:39:59.400 it as a proxy for like other forbidden things. 707 00:40:00.119 --> 00:40:04.199 Well, truit. It's funny because we sell in my store. 708 00:40:04.559 --> 00:40:06.960 So I have a store called True Treats, right, and 709 00:40:07.000 --> 00:40:09.400 so it's in Harper's Ferry, and so we get to 710 00:40:09.519 --> 00:40:14.519 observe how people use candy. And of course our best seller. 711 00:40:14.639 --> 00:40:16.440 I mean, we wanted to be the big things, but 712 00:40:16.519 --> 00:40:20.800 it's candy cigarettes. It's the best sell. So they actually 713 00:40:20.840 --> 00:40:24.159 go back to the late eighteen hundreds when they're selling 714 00:40:24.239 --> 00:40:27.679 working class kids, and the working class kids want to 715 00:40:27.719 --> 00:40:29.920 be like grown ums like Hershey, and you know, they 716 00:40:29.920 --> 00:40:33.920 made chocolate cigarettes, so the kids would buy these chocolate cigarettes. 717 00:40:34.039 --> 00:40:36.559 I do want to tell you also, you have to 718 00:40:36.599 --> 00:40:39.639 remember stay in the context of time for me for 719 00:40:39.639 --> 00:40:43.280 a minute. Right. They also they also sell guns, but 720 00:40:43.360 --> 00:40:46.480 the guns were made out of glass, and then inside 721 00:40:46.559 --> 00:40:48.760 the barrel of the guns they have these little candy 722 00:40:48.800 --> 00:40:51.599 balls and kids would want they're buying because they want 723 00:40:51.639 --> 00:40:54.440 the probably they want the little glass guns, but they 724 00:40:54.480 --> 00:40:57.480 also get candy or vice versa. Who knows which. By 725 00:40:57.519 --> 00:41:02.079 the nineteen forties it became the bubblegum cigarette, and that 726 00:41:02.239 --> 00:41:04.079 was when you could blow the sugar out and it 727 00:41:04.079 --> 00:41:09.320 would look like smoke. And then people got suspicious that 728 00:41:09.400 --> 00:41:13.960 their kids would start smoking because they had these candy cigarettes. 729 00:41:14.320 --> 00:41:18.199 May I tell you my personal experience, Yes, you may. 730 00:41:18.400 --> 00:41:23.480 I did enjoy candy cigarettes, and I did smoke cigarettes, 731 00:41:24.079 --> 00:41:28.320 of course, but it had nothing to do with the 732 00:41:28.400 --> 00:41:31.480 candy cigarettes. It had to do with Jenice Joplin because 733 00:41:31.519 --> 00:41:35.159 you cannot wear a lot of jewelry and drink Southern 734 00:41:35.199 --> 00:41:38.599 comfort and he had tike without a cigarette in your hand. 735 00:41:38.719 --> 00:41:42.119 So that fifteen years of smoking cigarettes. But it had 736 00:41:42.239 --> 00:41:43.599 nothing to do with the kid. 737 00:41:44.280 --> 00:41:45.800 Oh I love her. You know. 738 00:41:46.159 --> 00:41:48.079 In those days, it's just what you did. 739 00:41:48.679 --> 00:41:50.519 It was just a different time. It was a slightly 740 00:41:50.559 --> 00:41:51.079 different era. 741 00:41:51.519 --> 00:41:56.039 I mean, luckily I never smoked, but I remember as 742 00:41:56.079 --> 00:41:58.239 a kid being like the bubblegum ones where you could 743 00:41:58.239 --> 00:42:00.840 blow it out because my parents smoked, so I was like, oh, 744 00:42:00.440 --> 00:42:04.320 I'm almost like them. But I began to associate cigarettes 745 00:42:04.320 --> 00:42:06.519 with like my mom being stressed out at tax time. 746 00:42:06.840 --> 00:42:09.960 So luckily my parents stressed smoking was not the same 747 00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:13.360 as like Jenna Stoplet. I'm sorry, mom, but so it 748 00:42:13.440 --> 00:42:17.320 taught you. Yeah, what about when candy bars came on 749 00:42:17.360 --> 00:42:19.760 the scene. When did we go from a box of 750 00:42:19.800 --> 00:42:22.480 four bond bonds to smushing the bond bonds together into 751 00:42:22.599 --> 00:42:23.199 one block. 752 00:42:23.679 --> 00:42:26.920 That happened, you see, another really fascinating thing. So that 753 00:42:27.159 --> 00:42:31.360 started with the Fry family of England in the eighteen hundreds. 754 00:42:31.800 --> 00:42:36.000 The stuffed thing with called combination candy bars, peanut two 755 00:42:36.079 --> 00:42:41.199 and so on. Those came around the nineteen twenties. Actually 756 00:42:41.599 --> 00:42:45.119 they became popular then they were used during wartime. So 757 00:42:45.360 --> 00:42:48.199 in World War One, in the first rations ever, the 758 00:42:48.239 --> 00:42:51.199 government gave them candy bars because it had sugar, which 759 00:42:51.239 --> 00:42:54.360 they really needed. It had not it had other fruits 760 00:42:54.400 --> 00:42:56.559 in it, and they gave them candy bars and they 761 00:42:56.639 --> 00:43:01.760 loved it. They came back and proclaimed glory of candy bars, 762 00:43:02.320 --> 00:43:07.960 and candy bars took off. But what's really important here, right, 763 00:43:08.079 --> 00:43:10.760 and this is the versatility of candy. You bet an't 764 00:43:10.800 --> 00:43:12.760 be back on your show because I'm just getting going. 765 00:43:15.199 --> 00:43:22.679 The versatility of chocolate bars is amazing because they now 766 00:43:22.880 --> 00:43:28.400 think about this. Chocolate bars were sold as a meal 767 00:43:28.519 --> 00:43:32.559 in a bar during the depression, and they were also 768 00:43:32.760 --> 00:43:38.079 sold as energy bars, fast energy bars, and people bought 769 00:43:38.079 --> 00:43:39.920 them for that. They didn't have money. They went on 770 00:43:40.039 --> 00:43:42.679 they got a candy bar and they felt that they 771 00:43:42.679 --> 00:43:47.719 were okay. Right, So now, and this is the bizarre 772 00:43:47.800 --> 00:43:50.719 thing about candy. We eat it and we don't know 773 00:43:50.760 --> 00:43:54.920 we're eating it. You take your average energy bar that 774 00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:58.480 has a brown label and is very serious and it 775 00:43:58.519 --> 00:44:01.519 has a sports thing on it, like somebody rubbing, like 776 00:44:01.719 --> 00:44:06.000 cartoon thing. Right, you're eating a candy bar. It's to say, 777 00:44:06.119 --> 00:44:07.800 you know, don't give me that. You can put all 778 00:44:07.800 --> 00:44:09.960 the vitamins you want on the wrapper. It is a 779 00:44:10.079 --> 00:44:14.239 candy bar. And the way it's marketed is no different 780 00:44:14.719 --> 00:44:18.280 from the way it was marketed when the National Convections 781 00:44:18.360 --> 00:44:22.760 Association was marketing it in the nineteen twenties and thirties. 782 00:44:23.320 --> 00:44:25.440 So while the first chocolate bars were made in the 783 00:44:25.480 --> 00:44:28.119 mid eighteen hundreds, they did in fact take off in 784 00:44:28.199 --> 00:44:32.320 demand after the world went to war and chocolate bars 785 00:44:32.639 --> 00:44:35.480 were food for the troops. They were called d rations. 786 00:44:35.719 --> 00:44:38.440 They were made by Hershey in nineteen thirty seven at 787 00:44:38.440 --> 00:44:41.679 the behest of one Captain Paul Logan, who needed some 788 00:44:41.880 --> 00:44:45.280 chow for the troops that could handle high temperatures. Was 789 00:44:45.360 --> 00:44:49.679 highly caloric, and to prevent soldiers from eating them too fast, 790 00:44:49.960 --> 00:44:52.440 had to taste quote just a little better than a 791 00:44:52.480 --> 00:44:55.920 boiled potato. So the d rations went off to war 792 00:44:56.159 --> 00:44:58.719 soldiers were like, it doesn't taste great, and it hurts 793 00:44:58.760 --> 00:45:00.960 my teeth to bite it, but again, it's the job done. 794 00:45:01.199 --> 00:45:01.360 Now. 795 00:45:01.480 --> 00:45:04.239 The first candy bars, though those came about in the 796 00:45:04.280 --> 00:45:08.119 early nineteen hundreds. In nineteen twelve there was a marshmallow 797 00:45:08.320 --> 00:45:12.519 nougat peanut confection called the Googoo Cluster, and shortly after 798 00:45:12.639 --> 00:45:16.000 came peanut chees, which were invented by an immigrant from 799 00:45:16.079 --> 00:45:19.199 Romania as a ration for World War One soldiers who 800 00:45:19.280 --> 00:45:22.719 loved it. Now, who else loves the chocolate and molasses 801 00:45:22.760 --> 00:45:23.440 peanut cheese? 802 00:45:23.760 --> 00:45:23.840 Me? 803 00:45:24.480 --> 00:45:27.840 Also vegans. My vegan friends always go for the peanut cheese, 804 00:45:28.039 --> 00:45:28.800 but not so fast. 805 00:45:28.840 --> 00:45:29.559 I have a little bit. 806 00:45:29.440 --> 00:45:32.679 Of bad news because some sugar is refined using bone 807 00:45:32.800 --> 00:45:36.320 char and some glycerine in the ingredient lists can come 808 00:45:36.360 --> 00:45:40.119 from animal sources, and peanut chees and many other candies 809 00:45:40.159 --> 00:45:45.159 contain hydrogenated palm kernel oil, which I'm so sorry, big downer, 810 00:45:45.320 --> 00:45:49.840 can lead to deforestation and peril for many species, including orangutans. 811 00:45:50.039 --> 00:45:52.960 So other folks have said peanut jews are not cruelty 812 00:45:53.000 --> 00:45:56.920 free or kind. What about Kind bars? Well, when Susan 813 00:45:56.960 --> 00:45:58.840 says we eat it and we don't know we're eating it, 814 00:45:59.079 --> 00:46:02.320 she's talking about how many candy bars started out as 815 00:46:02.519 --> 00:46:06.039 energy bars, and how many present day energy bars are 816 00:46:06.079 --> 00:46:08.840 pretty much candy bars. And about a decade ago, the 817 00:46:08.880 --> 00:46:12.440 FDA did a SmackDown to four flavors of Kind bar 818 00:46:12.880 --> 00:46:16.159 and made them stop touting themselves as healthy, as the 819 00:46:16.199 --> 00:46:19.199 content of saturated fat was too high. And about a 820 00:46:19.239 --> 00:46:22.920 year later, Kind published a release saying that Kind sought 821 00:46:22.960 --> 00:46:26.079 to better educate itself on the regulation in question, and 822 00:46:26.159 --> 00:46:30.159 because the fats came from nuts, the FDA forgave them. 823 00:46:30.239 --> 00:46:33.239 They buried that hatchet. But yes, myself, as a college 824 00:46:33.280 --> 00:46:37.039 student who sometimes made negative dollars on commission working for 825 00:46:37.079 --> 00:46:40.719 Circuit City selling electronics, and I would look for change 826 00:46:40.800 --> 00:46:43.320 under my floor mats to eat us snickers for lunch. 827 00:46:43.719 --> 00:46:47.400 I get it today's energy bars sometimes or just yesterday's 828 00:46:47.400 --> 00:46:48.760 candy bars, but more. 829 00:46:48.639 --> 00:46:51.559 Expensive, very important, right. 830 00:46:51.440 --> 00:46:53.360 I mean, yeah, we've got one in the bottom of 831 00:46:53.440 --> 00:46:55.559 the bag in case we get hungry. And you know, 832 00:46:55.719 --> 00:46:57.960 it's a lifesaver when you get stuck in traffic. 833 00:46:58.159 --> 00:47:02.280 Right, of course, it's food. And they used to say 834 00:47:02.360 --> 00:47:06.199 even candy is good. Food eats him every day, that 835 00:47:06.400 --> 00:47:07.480 was what they would say. 836 00:47:07.719 --> 00:47:10.599 But before they morphed into energy bars. Of course, during 837 00:47:10.639 --> 00:47:14.119 the World Wars, a lot of resources were headed overseas, 838 00:47:14.400 --> 00:47:17.519 so things at home were limited, and Americans were issued 839 00:47:17.559 --> 00:47:20.199 these ration books with stamps that they could turn in 840 00:47:20.559 --> 00:47:23.400 to limit their purchases of things like meat and cooking 841 00:47:23.480 --> 00:47:26.239 whale and canned foods, and of course sugar. 842 00:47:26.639 --> 00:47:30.239 So people here didn't have at home had sugar rations. 843 00:47:30.239 --> 00:47:34.000 We all know that they didn't have much sugar. After 844 00:47:34.159 --> 00:47:38.639 these events, particularly the Wars and particularly World War Two, well, 845 00:47:38.719 --> 00:47:42.599 the world won into sugar was back, and it came 846 00:47:42.679 --> 00:47:48.159 back in the form of candy, which people still considered medicinal. 847 00:47:48.639 --> 00:47:54.400 So grandmothers and our grandmothers and their grandmothers would go 848 00:47:54.519 --> 00:47:56.960 and buy tons of candy and they would have candy 849 00:47:56.960 --> 00:47:59.519 bulls and they would put the candy in it. And 850 00:47:59.559 --> 00:48:03.119 why because now sugar was back, and you know what 851 00:48:03.159 --> 00:48:07.679 that meant that meant things were good again. Peace was here, 852 00:48:08.480 --> 00:48:11.760 We are affluent. It was a son of affluence, meaning 853 00:48:11.920 --> 00:48:15.119 we had jobs again, meaning we could buy things. So 854 00:48:15.360 --> 00:48:20.559 candy was the symbol of all of that, so important 855 00:48:20.679 --> 00:48:25.119 that these grandmothers carried it in their purses and these 856 00:48:25.159 --> 00:48:28.719 grandfathers kept it in their workshops. And when these kids 857 00:48:28.880 --> 00:48:32.119 like me, my great aunts and my grandmother gave me 858 00:48:32.199 --> 00:48:34.639 the candy was a sign of love, and it was 859 00:48:34.679 --> 00:48:37.280 the sign that everything's all right, We're gonna be okay, 860 00:48:38.039 --> 00:48:41.280 and things are good. And it stayed that way up 861 00:48:41.400 --> 00:48:44.280 until we got really uptight in the sixties and seventies 862 00:48:44.320 --> 00:48:47.480 and still ate the candy, but pretended that we didn't. 863 00:48:47.679 --> 00:48:51.159 So candy morphed into stuff like energy bars and we 864 00:48:51.199 --> 00:48:54.400 still eat it, and gummy vitamins. 865 00:48:54.280 --> 00:48:56.679 And gummy vitamins which I ate some this morning. So 866 00:48:57.199 --> 00:49:00.880 you know, a Turkish delight with magnesium and it essentially. 867 00:49:00.840 --> 00:49:02.480 More on corn syrup in a bit. 868 00:49:02.719 --> 00:49:04.639 But there are many types of sugars, and they all 869 00:49:04.679 --> 00:49:09.079 fall under monosaccharides or die saccharides, but your body digests 870 00:49:09.119 --> 00:49:11.679 them into glucose. And for more on what a carb 871 00:49:11.960 --> 00:49:14.639 actually is, we have a glycology episode as well as 872 00:49:14.679 --> 00:49:16.159 a diapetology episode. 873 00:49:16.440 --> 00:49:19.239 So the reality is that we've always had sugar. We've 874 00:49:19.239 --> 00:49:22.199 always had a lot of sugar. It comes from lots 875 00:49:22.199 --> 00:49:24.840 of different places. It comes from sorghum, which is a 876 00:49:24.880 --> 00:49:28.559 grain corpo hydrate that becomes a sugar when it's processed. 877 00:49:28.920 --> 00:49:35.159 It comes from raspberry leaves, and you know, all different things. 878 00:49:35.159 --> 00:49:39.079 So yeah, we've always had it. We being most Americans 879 00:49:39.159 --> 00:49:41.880 say in the seventeen hundreds, if you were enslaved, you 880 00:49:41.960 --> 00:49:45.039 were forced to make it under dire conditions. You did 881 00:49:45.039 --> 00:49:48.639 have the molasses, which is the dregs of the cane 882 00:49:48.639 --> 00:49:51.599 sugar production. So a lot of people didn't have cane sugar, 883 00:49:51.599 --> 00:49:53.679 but they had a lot of sugar. They have plenty 884 00:49:53.719 --> 00:49:58.440 of sugar. What happened is corn syrup is very versatile, 885 00:49:59.039 --> 00:50:02.599 and so they started making high fructose corn syrup, which 886 00:50:02.880 --> 00:50:06.000 had two purposes. It cuts them candy through the machinery 887 00:50:06.440 --> 00:50:09.360 and it made it sweeter. And now all of a sudden, 888 00:50:09.519 --> 00:50:13.039 everybody thinks corn syrup is really really bad for you, 889 00:50:13.599 --> 00:50:16.079 and coin syrup probably is really really bad for you, 890 00:50:16.199 --> 00:50:18.679 depending on the corn syrup you get and how processed 891 00:50:18.679 --> 00:50:19.000 it is. 892 00:50:19.239 --> 00:50:20.360 Hang on a sec for that. 893 00:50:20.679 --> 00:50:23.280 But when it comes to sugar being harmful, what about 894 00:50:23.320 --> 00:50:27.320 less on a biological or molecular scale and more from 895 00:50:27.320 --> 00:50:30.079 a social and humanitarian standpoint. 896 00:50:30.440 --> 00:50:34.880 The abolitionist had a movement which was the free Products movement, 897 00:50:35.519 --> 00:50:38.719 and what they would do, I've heard also is free 898 00:50:38.800 --> 00:50:43.039 produce movement. But what they would do is boycott anything 899 00:50:43.639 --> 00:50:47.039 that was made with quote, the blood and sweat of slaves. 900 00:50:47.480 --> 00:50:51.440 If we boycott cane sugar, then we'll make it unnecessary 901 00:50:51.519 --> 00:50:56.039 for them to hold people in enslavement because they're not 902 00:50:56.079 --> 00:50:59.239 going to be making money from it, because nobody's getting 903 00:50:59.360 --> 00:51:03.679 the goods of slave people are making. But they still 904 00:51:03.760 --> 00:51:06.760 needed sugar. They still had to have sugar. What did 905 00:51:06.800 --> 00:51:09.400 they use. They use maple, which is hard to get. 906 00:51:09.519 --> 00:51:13.400 They use that. They used sergum, which they boiled, and 907 00:51:13.440 --> 00:51:17.280 the ones in the north discovered in the eighteen hundreds, 908 00:51:17.360 --> 00:51:20.199 not knowing the enslaved people were using it since they 909 00:51:20.239 --> 00:51:23.400 first came over in the sixteen hundreds. And they used 910 00:51:23.440 --> 00:51:26.960 beet sugar, which grows in cold weather, and so it's 911 00:51:27.000 --> 00:51:29.159 a big sugar beet. It's not the beat they eat 912 00:51:29.159 --> 00:51:32.719 for dinner, and it grows in cold weather, so unlike 913 00:51:33.159 --> 00:51:37.199 cane sugar, which is dependent on as hot climates. That's unnatural. 914 00:51:37.280 --> 00:51:40.159 Here they could have the beet sugar, and those were 915 00:51:40.199 --> 00:51:43.840 the sugars that became most of the sugars Americans used 916 00:51:43.840 --> 00:51:47.199 for decades after the Civil War and still today. 917 00:51:47.719 --> 00:51:49.480 Do we want to get into corn syrup? Do we 918 00:51:49.519 --> 00:51:49.960 go there? 919 00:51:51.079 --> 00:51:54.519 Okay, So this isn't aside, This is not an entire episode. 920 00:51:54.559 --> 00:51:56.880 So I'm gonna bottle up a lot of feelings about 921 00:51:56.920 --> 00:51:59.119 SODA's and we're just gonna give you a little sip 922 00:51:59.159 --> 00:52:03.519 of history. So, table sugar is sucrose, and fructose is 923 00:52:03.519 --> 00:52:06.840 a different type of sugar. It's sweeter than sucrosse. Fructose 924 00:52:06.880 --> 00:52:10.280 occurs obviously in nature all over the place. Now, eventually 925 00:52:10.320 --> 00:52:12.559 your body breaks it all down into glucose. But in 926 00:52:12.599 --> 00:52:16.639 the nineteen sixties, manufacturers figured out how to chemically convert 927 00:52:16.920 --> 00:52:20.679 some of the existing glucose in corn syrup into fructose, 928 00:52:20.920 --> 00:52:23.199 making the little gremlin that we see on so many 929 00:52:23.320 --> 00:52:27.639 ingredient lists high frucit doose corn syrup. Now, nutritionally there 930 00:52:27.679 --> 00:52:31.119 shouldn't be a difference, but researchers are still figuring that out. 931 00:52:31.280 --> 00:52:34.360 But the Wikipedia for high fructose corn syrup is very 932 00:52:34.400 --> 00:52:37.239 much like all good nothing to see here. I'm gonna 933 00:52:37.280 --> 00:52:40.760 guess there are some high fructose executives that are hopping 934 00:52:40.840 --> 00:52:43.840 on there editing it because a bop through medical journals 935 00:52:43.960 --> 00:52:47.400 is like, girl, don't do it, high fructose, don't go 936 00:52:47.519 --> 00:52:50.639 there again. Research is still out, but a twenty twenty 937 00:52:50.679 --> 00:52:54.400 one article by the National Cancer Institute titled inquisitively does 938 00:52:54.440 --> 00:52:58.599 too much fructose help colorectal cancers grow? Details how one 939 00:52:58.679 --> 00:53:02.039 twenty nineteen studies show that feeding high frctose corn syrup 940 00:53:02.159 --> 00:53:05.920 to mice prone to developing intestinal tumors could increase the 941 00:53:05.960 --> 00:53:10.320 size and the aggressiveness of colorectal tumors. And many many 942 00:53:10.360 --> 00:53:14.840 other papers link over consumption of all sugars, including fruit dose, 943 00:53:15.119 --> 00:53:19.800 to everything from metabolic syndromes to asthma. Now, in twenty eighteen, 944 00:53:20.159 --> 00:53:24.440 the average American consumed sixty two pounds of refined sugars. 945 00:53:24.679 --> 00:53:27.440 In some countries, sodas are made with cane sugar, but 946 00:53:27.480 --> 00:53:30.519 the US government is very pro corn, so high fructose 947 00:53:30.519 --> 00:53:34.280 corn syrup is more readily available in everything. Now, remember 948 00:53:34.599 --> 00:53:37.679 entirely eliminating high fructose corn syrup will not save your 949 00:53:37.760 --> 00:53:40.320 life if you're going wild with a ton of other sugars. 950 00:53:40.519 --> 00:53:43.079 It may affect your body differently, but the main problem 951 00:53:43.199 --> 00:53:45.840 is it's just in a lot of things. High fructose 952 00:53:45.840 --> 00:53:49.519 corn syrup is like if your friend's magician friend showed 953 00:53:49.559 --> 00:53:52.360 up at every party and you're like, who invited him? 954 00:53:52.440 --> 00:53:55.400 I kind of can't deal right now. Small dose is people, 955 00:53:55.679 --> 00:53:57.920 But we'll talk about that how to eat candy in 956 00:53:57.960 --> 00:54:00.559 a healthier way later in the episode. Now, on the 957 00:54:00.599 --> 00:54:05.039 topic of reviled corn products, let's talk about one candy 958 00:54:05.320 --> 00:54:08.360 is really stuck in your craw and that is candy corn. 959 00:54:08.679 --> 00:54:09.679 What even is it? 960 00:54:09.840 --> 00:54:13.079 Okay, it's made with sugar, but of course corn syrup, 961 00:54:13.280 --> 00:54:18.159 of course, sesame oil, artificial probably vanilla flavor, gelatin, and 962 00:54:18.199 --> 00:54:22.559 a glaze that contains a secretion from bucks begans. You're 963 00:54:22.599 --> 00:54:24.599 off the hook on candy corn. You can turn this 964 00:54:24.679 --> 00:54:27.360 down for ethical reasons. But candy corn. It was born 965 00:54:27.360 --> 00:54:31.400 in late eighteen hundreds, and it was marketed toward rural populations, 966 00:54:31.519 --> 00:54:35.199 of course, and it once bore the name chicken feed. 967 00:54:35.440 --> 00:54:38.039 This was a candy called chicken feed, and according to 968 00:54:38.039 --> 00:54:43.000 Susan's research, workers were often burned trying to successfully pour 969 00:54:43.440 --> 00:54:47.280 the hot colored sugar into the molds people suffered to 970 00:54:47.440 --> 00:54:51.159 make candy corn. If you still enjoy candy corn, I'm 971 00:54:51.159 --> 00:54:54.679 going to saddle you with an unsettling fact. Brox is 972 00:54:54.719 --> 00:54:57.360 one of the biggest producers of candy corn, and they 973 00:54:57.440 --> 00:55:01.360 rolled out a Turkey Dinner flavored variation with notes of 974 00:55:01.719 --> 00:55:07.719 oniony stuffing, roasted bird meat, green beans, cranberry sauce, carrots, 975 00:55:07.760 --> 00:55:11.719 and sweet potatoes. Although later iterations swapped out those root 976 00:55:11.800 --> 00:55:15.039 vegetables with apple pie and coffee. I think they kept 977 00:55:15.039 --> 00:55:18.119 the turkey and oniony flavors. This was a few years ago. 978 00:55:18.320 --> 00:55:21.000 I couldn't find it anywhere on the market. Maybe the 979 00:55:21.039 --> 00:55:23.320 world is just too tough right now, and Brox is like, 980 00:55:23.559 --> 00:55:25.559 we'll bring it back when things calm down. 981 00:55:26.000 --> 00:55:28.840 Can I ask you some questions from listeners? 982 00:55:28.840 --> 00:55:29.159 From what? 983 00:55:29.840 --> 00:55:33.159 From listeners who wrote in already they know you're coming. 984 00:55:32.280 --> 00:55:34.039 Out, Oh listen, listening now. 985 00:55:34.559 --> 00:55:38.119 No they're not listening now, but they sent in quite no, no, no, 986 00:55:38.280 --> 00:55:40.559 they sent in thirty six pages of questions for you. 987 00:55:40.840 --> 00:55:44.800 We won't ask all of them. I'm happy, yeah, right. 988 00:55:45.480 --> 00:55:48.360 Can I just tell you Alli really fast? I get 989 00:55:48.360 --> 00:55:51.519 into you so much, and they are always boring and 990 00:55:51.679 --> 00:55:54.480 after a while time I assist, and it's called through them, 991 00:55:54.480 --> 00:55:57.519 because I can't do that between you meet Boring and 992 00:55:57.639 --> 00:56:01.079 you're like, man, I would be interviewed by you any 993 00:56:01.159 --> 00:56:01.800 day or night. 994 00:56:02.039 --> 00:56:03.559 I'm telling you, yes. 995 00:56:03.519 --> 00:56:06.840 It's like, this is great. I'm really happy. 996 00:56:06.679 --> 00:56:09.000 And we are so happy to We're also happy to 997 00:56:09.000 --> 00:56:11.159 support a cause of Susan's choosing, and this week she 998 00:56:11.320 --> 00:56:15.199 chose her local Animal Welfare Society of Jefferson County, which 999 00:56:15.239 --> 00:56:20.639 provides housing and adoption services for abandoned, surrendered, neglected, abused, 1000 00:56:20.719 --> 00:56:24.719 and unwanted dogs, puppies, cats, and kittens until they're adopted. 1001 00:56:25.000 --> 00:56:27.599 And I looked at their website for the Animal Welfare 1002 00:56:27.719 --> 00:56:30.639 Society of Jefferson County, and they have several very sweet 1003 00:56:30.719 --> 00:56:33.440 kiddies and a few dogs, one of whom is named 1004 00:56:33.679 --> 00:56:36.320 Gravy Train. So a donation will go to them in 1005 00:56:36.360 --> 00:56:38.639 Susan's honor, and that was made possible by sponsors of 1006 00:56:38.679 --> 00:56:39.000 the show. 1007 00:56:39.480 --> 00:56:44.400 Virgin Media Broadband is smooth? How smooth you ask, Well, 1008 00:56:44.599 --> 00:56:47.480 imagine you're a big old wall rush and rather than 1009 00:56:47.559 --> 00:56:51.159 lumbering around a glacier avoiding polar bears, you're on a 1010 00:56:51.239 --> 00:56:57.639 lake driving a speedboat three thousand kilos of mollusk, munching, magnificence, 1011 00:56:58.159 --> 00:57:01.000 feeling the wind in your whiskers and the sun on you. 1012 00:57:01.000 --> 00:57:05.880 Have big lubbery face. That's the kind of smoothness you feel. 1013 00:57:06.000 --> 00:57:11.800 With ninety nine point nine percent broadband reliability available nationwide 1014 00:57:12.079 --> 00:57:14.679 Virgin Media It's playtime subject to. 1015 00:57:14.679 --> 00:57:17.920 A fatal availability. 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It's knowing you're 1033 00:58:02.840 --> 00:58:05.559 on the same rate for energy all day, every day 1034 00:58:05.599 --> 00:58:08.480 with a Smart all Day plan from Board Gosh Energy, 1035 00:58:08.719 --> 00:58:10.880 save up to eight hundred and eighty euro on dual 1036 00:58:10.960 --> 00:58:13.400 fuel plus get a two hundred and thirty five euro 1037 00:58:13.400 --> 00:58:16.840 O welcome bonus switch today at Boardgosh Energy Dot I 1038 00:58:16.960 --> 00:58:19.880 E Board Gosh Energy Know your. 1039 00:58:19.599 --> 00:58:22.280 Power estimating annual bill of twenty six hundred and twenty 1040 00:58:22.320 --> 00:58:24.280 nine your own new customers Only thirty percent is kain 1041 00:58:24.360 --> 00:58:26.480 of Smart all day electricity unit rates in twenty nine 1042 00:58:26.480 --> 00:58:27.519 percent of gas unit rates. 1043 00:58:27.599 --> 00:58:30.559 See Portcush Energy Dot E for fourties and ceas Hey Mark, 1044 00:58:30.599 --> 00:58:30.920 how are you? 1045 00:58:31.519 --> 00:58:31.679 Ah? 1046 00:58:31.760 --> 00:58:34.039 I'm not great a sore throat. 1047 00:58:34.840 --> 00:58:36.440 I think I'm coming down with cold. 1048 00:58:36.599 --> 00:58:39.719 Oh no, you should try a Vogel sore throat spray. 1049 00:58:39.960 --> 00:58:42.679 It's a natural remedy with echination and sage and can 1050 00:58:42.679 --> 00:58:45.440 treat symptoms of coals and flus, including sore throats. 1051 00:58:45.639 --> 00:58:46.079 Perfect. 1052 00:58:46.480 --> 00:58:47.440 I'd give that a try. 1053 00:58:47.480 --> 00:58:50.679 So we leave sore throat symptoms with a Vogel Aquina 1054 00:58:50.760 --> 00:58:54.559 four sore throat spray, made from achinasia and sage herbs 1055 00:58:54.679 --> 00:58:58.079 and designed to reach irritated parts of the throat. Available 1056 00:58:58.119 --> 00:59:02.039 from health stores and pharmacies and white always read the leaflet. 1057 00:59:03.079 --> 00:59:06.239 Moving on, this question was asked by Cool next door, 1058 00:59:06.480 --> 00:59:10.440 who said, my grandmother loves circus peanuts, but I find 1059 00:59:10.480 --> 00:59:14.000 even the thought of them somewhat nauseating. Does nostalgia play 1060 00:59:14.000 --> 00:59:17.679 a part in those preferences? Cool, You're not alone? Some 1061 00:59:17.679 --> 00:59:22.679 people asked Andy Pepper and Daniel Smanuel wanted to know 1062 00:59:23.239 --> 00:59:25.639 what your thoughts are yea or nay on the ever 1063 00:59:25.760 --> 00:59:28.519 polarizing orange circus peanuts. 1064 00:59:28.960 --> 00:59:32.280 Have you had those? Those like marshmallowy? What are those? 1065 00:59:32.679 --> 00:59:34.119 How do you feel about them? 1066 00:59:34.320 --> 00:59:36.719 All right? I would say we did a poll once 1067 00:59:36.800 --> 00:59:39.159 to try to figure out when people coming in a store, 1068 00:59:39.920 --> 00:59:43.199 what do people think? It's absolutely polarizing. So this is 1069 00:59:43.239 --> 00:59:46.679 when I want to tell them. You're ready not it off, 1070 00:59:47.079 --> 00:59:49.840 cut it out. I'm going to tell you the story 1071 00:59:49.880 --> 00:59:53.599 is circus peanuts. And as they would say, no pun intended. 1072 00:59:53.719 --> 00:59:57.519 I'm not to be fast Cirtacus peanuts, who really made 1073 00:59:57.679 --> 01:00:02.119 in the late eighteen hundreds for circus because the circuses 1074 01:00:02.239 --> 01:00:04.800 had these real it's very unfortunate, but they had these 1075 01:00:05.239 --> 01:00:07.599 elephants that they would come to poor things, and so 1076 01:00:07.639 --> 01:00:11.000 we would all get circus peanuts. They have big newspaper 1077 01:00:11.039 --> 01:00:15.119 ads the Circus is coming by your Circus Peanuts now 1078 01:00:15.599 --> 01:00:20.039 full page in the newspapers. These candies were so popular 1079 01:00:20.559 --> 01:00:23.960 that they were all around the country. They were different colors, 1080 01:00:24.039 --> 01:00:27.920 They were beloved by one and all I so much 1081 01:00:27.960 --> 01:00:32.199 so they became the prototype for drum roll if you please, 1082 01:00:35.719 --> 01:00:39.480 the Lucky Charm cereal. No, yeah, I was. 1083 01:00:40.159 --> 01:00:44.199 Really really because those are so crunchy. 1084 01:00:44.760 --> 01:00:48.480 Yeah, so knock it off, guys. It's a great candy, 1085 01:00:48.559 --> 01:00:52.559 and it has fascinating history and has built into the 1086 01:00:52.559 --> 01:00:55.199 fabric of who we are. When you were a little kid, 1087 01:00:55.239 --> 01:00:59.519 you're picking out the Lucky Charms Charms oh cereal? Right, yeah, yeah, 1088 01:00:59.719 --> 01:01:02.639 you know circus peanuts in a grown up form. 1089 01:01:02.960 --> 01:01:07.079 So yes, we know that these weird orange colored, banana 1090 01:01:07.119 --> 01:01:12.159 flavored marshmallow tragedies were an ingredient in the Lucky Charms prototype, 1091 01:01:12.320 --> 01:01:16.920 and history, though, gets muddy about their circus origins. But 1092 01:01:16.960 --> 01:01:19.639 as one book called Food Bites, The Science of the 1093 01:01:19.639 --> 01:01:23.039 Foods We Eat notes, the history of Circus peanuts is clouded, 1094 01:01:23.159 --> 01:01:26.639 as with most foods, but perhaps for Circus peanuts it's 1095 01:01:26.679 --> 01:01:29.679 because nobody wants to admit that they were responsible for 1096 01:01:29.800 --> 01:01:33.360 developing this much maligned product. But yeah, also on the 1097 01:01:33.400 --> 01:01:35.559 topic of books. You can find out more about lucky 1098 01:01:35.599 --> 01:01:38.920 charms and other cereals in Susan's book Fun Foods of 1099 01:01:38.960 --> 01:01:44.280 America Outrageous Delights, celebrated brands, and iconic recipes. And I 1100 01:01:44.480 --> 01:01:47.880 never would have suspected that circus peanuts, which have the 1101 01:01:47.920 --> 01:01:50.920 texture of an old eraser, would have led to one 1102 01:01:50.920 --> 01:01:54.639 of my favorite well rounded breakfasts containing the food group 1103 01:01:54.679 --> 01:01:57.599 of marshmallows. Do they need to get more stale? I 1104 01:01:57.639 --> 01:01:59.960 feel like if you have a soft marshmallows one thing, 1105 01:02:00.039 --> 01:02:01.480 and then if you are crunchy like you charm, but 1106 01:02:01.519 --> 01:02:04.480 there's like some in between where your body doesn't trust it. 1107 01:02:05.280 --> 01:02:08.519 Well, you know, that's an excellent question, and it's a 1108 01:02:08.519 --> 01:02:11.000 whole other subject. So only let me tell you that 1109 01:02:11.599 --> 01:02:14.760 our bodies like things that are crunchy, and this is 1110 01:02:14.760 --> 01:02:17.320 from my new book. Our bodies like things that are crunchy, 1111 01:02:17.360 --> 01:02:21.639 which is why you find advertisements for crunchy things, right, 1112 01:02:22.519 --> 01:02:25.480 And our bodies don't trust things that are bitter, and 1113 01:02:25.559 --> 01:02:27.960 our bodies tell us if it's bitter, it's poisonous. 1114 01:02:28.119 --> 01:02:30.760 You can see our Gustatology episode which is all about 1115 01:02:30.920 --> 01:02:34.400 taste buds and why we love some things and gag 1116 01:02:34.440 --> 01:02:38.119 out others as if they were haunted. Okay, Hana Bee 1117 01:02:38.159 --> 01:02:40.920 wants to know more about Marzapan. They love it, but 1118 01:02:40.960 --> 01:02:44.000 they know it's a very polarizing type of sweetness. And 1119 01:02:44.280 --> 01:02:45.679 part of the fun is that it comes in such 1120 01:02:45.679 --> 01:02:50.519 cute little shapes and designs. So sculpting Marzapan was that 1121 01:02:50.679 --> 01:02:52.199 considered a very fancy treat. 1122 01:02:52.320 --> 01:02:52.840 They want to know. 1123 01:02:53.239 --> 01:02:56.280 Okay, so it's polarizing. So now we've had two questions. 1124 01:02:56.400 --> 01:03:00.960 Both of them are polarizing candy, So batting a thousand 1125 01:03:01.039 --> 01:03:03.800 here and fine with me. So they actually go all 1126 01:03:03.840 --> 01:03:05.880 the way back to the ancient Romans. It had to 1127 01:03:05.920 --> 01:03:08.920 be in a place where the almends grew because almonds 1128 01:03:08.960 --> 01:03:13.119 were really significant for many reasons, and one of them 1129 01:03:13.320 --> 01:03:16.679 was a sign of the changing of the seasons, the 1130 01:03:16.719 --> 01:03:21.559 beginning of life, birth, renewal, as well as new beginnings. 1131 01:03:21.599 --> 01:03:24.400 So it had all of these values to it. It 1132 01:03:24.440 --> 01:03:27.039 was the first tree in the Middle East to flower, 1133 01:03:27.559 --> 01:03:30.559 and so it became really important and biblical. You know, 1134 01:03:30.639 --> 01:03:35.840 the rod of Oh my gosh, of Aaron was it? 1135 01:03:36.039 --> 01:03:39.239 So yeah, Aaron was the brother of Moses and probably 1136 01:03:39.239 --> 01:03:41.480 annoyed that everyone was like, yo, how is Moses man 1137 01:03:41.559 --> 01:03:44.360 tell Moses to hit me up. But Aaron had a 1138 01:03:44.440 --> 01:03:46.960 rod too, and it was said to have been endowed 1139 01:03:46.960 --> 01:03:51.039 with magical powers, and it miraculously sprouted blossoms and almonds 1140 01:03:51.280 --> 01:03:54.599 to show that God thought Aaron was cool. So he's like, oh, okay, 1141 01:03:54.559 --> 01:03:57.400 you pardoned some sees well, I have an almond Wand in. 1142 01:03:57.320 --> 01:03:59.840 The Bible you see a lot of the use of omens, 1143 01:04:00.000 --> 01:04:05.519 for example. So the Marsapian was made to be an 1144 01:04:05.559 --> 01:04:09.719 almond paste and almond confection, and it was the almond 1145 01:04:09.760 --> 01:04:14.960 that gave Marcipient its cloud and importance. The Marsipian was 1146 01:04:15.159 --> 01:04:19.880 so significant that they would have entire tables with a 1147 01:04:20.039 --> 01:04:22.800 pig with an apple and its mouth, they would have 1148 01:04:22.920 --> 01:04:27.440 voluptuous fruits, all of it made by Marsapian. Marsapian was 1149 01:04:28.000 --> 01:04:32.360 really important. And the reason why today we have Marcipient 1150 01:04:32.480 --> 01:04:36.000 at Easter that kind of thing is because of that 1151 01:04:36.320 --> 01:04:39.800 ancient use of it. So the Marscipient and the shapes 1152 01:04:40.119 --> 01:04:43.199 is today, it ain't nothing like it used to be. 1153 01:04:43.960 --> 01:04:46.280 I do love the little sculptures though it is. 1154 01:04:46.360 --> 01:04:47.920 It does make me want to sit down and have 1155 01:04:48.039 --> 01:04:51.280 craft night and sculpt little fruit pipiggies and stuff. 1156 01:04:51.320 --> 01:04:56.519 Like that always sculpted, but like really like towers, like 1157 01:04:56.719 --> 01:04:59.039 towers on a table made out of Marsapian. 1158 01:04:59.199 --> 01:05:01.039 It took me a while, like Mars of Panda. I 1159 01:05:01.079 --> 01:05:02.519 was like, what's happening? But I love it. 1160 01:05:03.199 --> 01:05:08.039 Another polarizing flavor because people have their favorites. Row and Tree, 1161 01:05:08.239 --> 01:05:13.039 Rachel Pristacco, Ms Carter of Mars, Sugarpuff, Datikins, Bernard Robin, 1162 01:05:13.079 --> 01:05:17.360 Evan Davis, Crystal Wilson, Christine Valdez, and Brian Shenanigans. They 1163 01:05:17.519 --> 01:05:20.239 all want to know, in Rachel's words, how do they 1164 01:05:20.280 --> 01:05:22.000 make sour candy sour? 1165 01:05:22.159 --> 01:05:23.320 What are they coated with? 1166 01:05:23.760 --> 01:05:25.800 Roe and Tree is obsessed with it, but wants to 1167 01:05:25.840 --> 01:05:31.079 know why sour candies were developed. And Brian also mentioned 1168 01:05:31.360 --> 01:05:33.800 that they can help with nausea while pregnant. 1169 01:05:33.840 --> 01:05:36.440 But yeah, sour candy, I'm drooling thinking about it. What's 1170 01:05:36.440 --> 01:05:36.760 the all? 1171 01:05:37.079 --> 01:05:41.599 Okay, sour candies say the lemon sours, right, They're really 1172 01:05:41.599 --> 01:05:46.119 important because say in the war, or if you're traveling somewhere, 1173 01:05:46.199 --> 01:05:49.679 or even if you're nauseous, sour candies were there to 1174 01:05:49.800 --> 01:05:52.679 make you salivate so that if you're in war, you 1175 01:05:52.719 --> 01:05:56.360 don't feel as thirsty or they make you salivate, and 1176 01:05:56.400 --> 01:05:59.199 that suites your throat because now you're all the glycoon 1177 01:05:59.280 --> 01:06:03.960 is getting down. So they had really important use, but 1178 01:06:05.079 --> 01:06:09.079 they were not as sour as they are now. That 1179 01:06:09.719 --> 01:06:12.440 isn't really how it works. If you have a lemon 1180 01:06:12.480 --> 01:06:13.960 and you leave it out for a couple of days, 1181 01:06:13.960 --> 01:06:14.960 it's not going sour. 1182 01:06:15.280 --> 01:06:17.400 And in this case, what makes a lot of sour 1183 01:06:17.480 --> 01:06:21.239 candies make your mouth kind of pucker in and implode 1184 01:06:21.599 --> 01:06:25.519 is what's called sour sanding with additional acid like citric 1185 01:06:25.639 --> 01:06:29.159 or tartaric acid. How do you quantify what is the 1186 01:06:29.199 --> 01:06:33.840 most sourist The pH scale. So scientists they use the 1187 01:06:33.840 --> 01:06:37.239 pH scale to measure a substance acidity, or the strength 1188 01:06:37.239 --> 01:06:40.360 of the acid that it contains. More acidic a substance, 1189 01:06:40.760 --> 01:06:44.119 the lower it scores on the pH scale. So in 1190 01:06:44.159 --> 01:06:47.480 a pamphlet titled The Power of Sour in Your Mouth, 1191 01:06:47.639 --> 01:06:51.719 which was distributed by the Minnesota Dental Association, water has 1192 01:06:51.760 --> 01:06:52.840 a pH of seven. 1193 01:06:53.079 --> 01:06:54.239 Okay, neutral. 1194 01:06:54.519 --> 01:06:57.800 Now the lower you go, again, the more acidic something is. 1195 01:06:58.039 --> 01:07:01.679 Vinegar is about a two point two, and stomach acid 1196 01:07:02.039 --> 01:07:05.480 and lemon juice those hit about a two. So I 1197 01:07:05.519 --> 01:07:07.960 scooted my eyes right down that candy list to see 1198 01:07:08.000 --> 01:07:11.119 what was the lowest pH and the top three sour 1199 01:07:11.199 --> 01:07:14.639 treats are altoid Mango sours with a pH of one 1200 01:07:14.639 --> 01:07:18.880 point nine. That's more acidic than stomach acid. Wonka fun 1201 01:07:18.960 --> 01:07:22.480 dip powder is more acidic at one point eight. And 1202 01:07:22.519 --> 01:07:27.519 the top measured sour candy was Warhead's sour Spray one 1203 01:07:27.599 --> 01:07:30.880 point six. There was one more thing on the list 1204 01:07:30.960 --> 01:07:33.159 below that, and I was like, who, what's that? And 1205 01:07:33.199 --> 01:07:35.679 it was something at one point zero and that was 1206 01:07:35.800 --> 01:07:40.440 battery acid. Warhead Sour Spray comes in it just over 1207 01:07:40.679 --> 01:07:43.880 half a point on the pH scale over battery acid. 1208 01:07:44.159 --> 01:07:46.679 So if you've ever wondered why hot sauce can clean 1209 01:07:46.719 --> 01:07:50.039 your pennies, it's the vinegar. It's the acid, which again 1210 01:07:50.559 --> 01:07:54.840 is less acidic than a Warhead sour spray. So let's 1211 01:07:54.840 --> 01:07:57.639 do a wellness check on your teeth, shall we. The 1212 01:07:57.719 --> 01:08:01.000 Journal of the American Dental Association, in a paper titled 1213 01:08:01.440 --> 01:08:05.159 in Vitro Enamel Erosion associated with commercially available original and 1214 01:08:05.280 --> 01:08:09.320 sour candies that the potential for erosion associated with sour 1215 01:08:09.360 --> 01:08:13.480 candies has been identified as a new and emerging concern, 1216 01:08:13.800 --> 01:08:16.399 So rinse your mouth after eating, or maybe our biggest 1217 01:08:16.399 --> 01:08:19.720 takeaway from this is to just obtain some warhead sour spray. 1218 01:08:20.159 --> 01:08:23.079 From the reviews, the watermelon is the most sour. Maybe 1219 01:08:23.119 --> 01:08:25.119 you just want to have this in your purse when 1220 01:08:25.199 --> 01:08:27.119 walking alone at night as a weapon. 1221 01:08:27.800 --> 01:08:31.399 And so sour is the new flavor of jujuur And 1222 01:08:31.479 --> 01:08:33.920 so now they're like, we're really so soury a pucker 1223 01:08:34.039 --> 01:08:36.520 up candy and you can't stand it. This is all 1224 01:08:36.600 --> 01:08:40.239 about manufacturing kids, and bet it get used to it 1225 01:08:40.279 --> 01:08:43.760 because it's everything seems to be commercialized in candy is 1226 01:08:43.840 --> 01:08:48.840 no exception. Originally, though, those sour candies were really beneficial 1227 01:08:49.119 --> 01:08:54.119 and really purposeful and really symbolic because, as I mentioned, 1228 01:08:54.479 --> 01:08:58.640 these candies were available for everybody. And if you have 1229 01:08:58.640 --> 01:09:00.479 a sore throat and you have a soh while, you 1230 01:09:00.760 --> 01:09:04.159 just feel better. If you're nauseous, the sucking on it 1231 01:09:04.199 --> 01:09:06.439 clears up your ears. Same thing. 1232 01:09:06.920 --> 01:09:09.760 I've heard that it can help with a panic attack 1233 01:09:09.880 --> 01:09:13.439 because it jolts your brain into your physicality instead of. 1234 01:09:13.399 --> 01:09:15.279 Your head, so it distracts you. 1235 01:09:15.560 --> 01:09:16.880 Yeah, yeah, it distracts you. 1236 01:09:17.159 --> 01:09:19.680 And according to a twenty sixteen study in the Journal 1237 01:09:19.680 --> 01:09:24.560 of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, is distraction an adaptive or 1238 01:09:24.600 --> 01:09:30.119 maladaptive strategy for emotion regulation. A person oriented approach distracting 1239 01:09:30.119 --> 01:09:35.399 yourself with physical sensations may be either adaptive or maladaptive, 1240 01:09:35.720 --> 01:09:39.520 depending on whether it's combined with an attitude of acceptance, 1241 01:09:39.800 --> 01:09:42.920 which is helpful, or just avoidance, which is not so 1242 01:09:43.000 --> 01:09:46.479 much helpful. Now, if you don't have something sour on hand, 1243 01:09:46.800 --> 01:09:49.199 if you're having anxiety or a panic attack, you can 1244 01:09:49.239 --> 01:09:53.760 always do some other mindfulness, like feeling your inhalations as 1245 01:09:53.800 --> 01:09:57.800 you take deep breaths, or trying to identify the sounds 1246 01:09:57.800 --> 01:10:01.039 you can hear or the smells you maybe saying, or 1247 01:10:01.079 --> 01:10:04.000 doing a body scan meditation, feeling all the parts of 1248 01:10:04.039 --> 01:10:08.239 your body in succession, going up from your toes and saying, 1249 01:10:08.439 --> 01:10:10.880 this is a feeling I'm having, but it's going to 1250 01:10:11.000 --> 01:10:15.439 pass like clouds. And if that sounds too hard and 1251 01:10:15.479 --> 01:10:18.359 you're like, give me the sour stuff, bitch, then I 1252 01:10:18.359 --> 01:10:21.560 can direct you toward those warhead sour sprays, which, according 1253 01:10:21.600 --> 01:10:24.560 to an Amazon review from a user named Tiffany, I 1254 01:10:24.600 --> 01:10:28.039 love watermelon, especially when my brain decides to be mean 1255 01:10:28.079 --> 01:10:31.640 to me. Another Amazon reviewer named Jane wrote that when 1256 01:10:31.640 --> 01:10:34.760 a panic attack strikes quote I use this sour taste 1257 01:10:34.800 --> 01:10:37.520 to redirect my brain to worry about the sour and 1258 01:10:37.560 --> 01:10:40.239 not what's making me anxious. The only thing I would 1259 01:10:40.279 --> 01:10:44.439 ask is to make them more sour jay. That would 1260 01:10:44.479 --> 01:10:47.399 be battery acid. So let's stick to those warheads for now. 1261 01:10:47.600 --> 01:10:51.159 But as long as we are staying away from toxic substances. 1262 01:10:51.359 --> 01:10:55.600 Another user said that sour warhead spray quote genuinely helped 1263 01:10:55.600 --> 01:10:59.079 me quit vaping after eight years of trying and failing. 1264 01:10:59.399 --> 01:11:03.520 So who knew warheads that are actually saving lives? Now, 1265 01:11:03.600 --> 01:11:07.239 if you're thinking that these are niche interests, let's talk 1266 01:11:07.279 --> 01:11:11.199 about what's popular. A few patrons asked, including Kaylin Joviac, 1267 01:11:11.359 --> 01:11:15.600 Chris Curious Marico, and Colorado o'keith. First time question asker 1268 01:11:15.600 --> 01:11:18.600 it wants to know if there's a candy by weight 1269 01:11:18.760 --> 01:11:22.520 that's the most consumed every year or if it changes 1270 01:11:22.600 --> 01:11:24.600 much over time, Like, is there one candy that is 1271 01:11:24.640 --> 01:11:29.960 hands down more popular you know with consumers across the world. 1272 01:11:30.640 --> 01:11:34.159 Well, the most popular candy around the world is chocolate. 1273 01:11:34.439 --> 01:11:38.680 So my aravex for tease is North America. But I 1274 01:11:38.760 --> 01:11:42.520 know that around the world you have many iterations of 1275 01:11:42.640 --> 01:11:46.239 chocolate in depending where you are doc chocolate takes precedents 1276 01:11:46.319 --> 01:11:49.239 or male chocolate does. So it's really hard to narrow 1277 01:11:49.319 --> 01:11:52.880 down and say which one by the pound is going 1278 01:11:52.960 --> 01:11:55.760 to win out. But I would put my bet on 1279 01:11:56.279 --> 01:12:00.119 Choclate's made by Hershey, okay. And the reason is that 1280 01:12:00.119 --> 01:12:06.439 Hershey has mastered the art of cheap chocolate. It's affordable 1281 01:12:06.600 --> 01:12:10.279 and abundant, and it has a really good, albeit false 1282 01:12:10.319 --> 01:12:11.239 story behind it. 1283 01:12:12.159 --> 01:12:14.319 And what's the flimflam with the Hershey story. 1284 01:12:14.840 --> 01:12:18.720 The flim flemen is that Milton Hershey never invented anything 1285 01:12:19.319 --> 01:12:24.000 except marketing prowess. He was great at inventing marketing schemes, 1286 01:12:24.479 --> 01:12:27.760 and he put the almond in the chocolate bar. He 1287 01:12:27.840 --> 01:12:30.560 dropped out of grammar school. His mother he is a Mennonite. 1288 01:12:30.680 --> 01:12:33.479 His mother and father were divorced. How's that in the 1289 01:12:33.560 --> 01:12:35.800 late eighteen hundreds. They figured, they'll teach me to make 1290 01:12:35.840 --> 01:12:37.880 ice cream in the candy, so at least the poor 1291 01:12:37.960 --> 01:12:40.159 kid could have a job, right, And what he wound 1292 01:12:40.239 --> 01:12:44.720 up doing was learning from other people. So overwhelmingly what 1293 01:12:44.880 --> 01:12:50.279 he created at the beginning were things that he didn't invent. 1294 01:12:50.520 --> 01:12:53.239 He didn't invent the caramel. He got that off of 1295 01:12:53.359 --> 01:12:56.399 some guy in Denver. He didn't invent the kiss, it 1296 01:12:56.479 --> 01:12:59.800 was an existing candy, and he would spy. He would 1297 01:12:59.840 --> 01:13:03.079 go to Europe and he'd go spy in the candy companies. 1298 01:13:03.119 --> 01:13:04.840 But they were all spying on each other, so that 1299 01:13:04.960 --> 01:13:09.319 wasn't But the beauty and the lost opportunity of Milton 1300 01:13:09.399 --> 01:13:15.439 Hershey is that Milton Hershey, as the company presents it 1301 01:13:15.479 --> 01:13:19.479 is a complete myth. He was not Spider Man. He 1302 01:13:19.680 --> 01:13:24.239 was a guy who was unable to do so many 1303 01:13:24.359 --> 01:13:26.880 things that many of us take for granted because we 1304 01:13:27.359 --> 01:13:30.399 come from families that at least were supportive. His father 1305 01:13:30.520 --> 01:13:33.119 took off and then wound up bankrupting him every time 1306 01:13:33.159 --> 01:13:37.039 they met up. There was no love in that. He 1307 01:13:37.079 --> 01:13:40.840 didn't give him a wholesome Pennsylvania family by a long shot. 1308 01:13:41.279 --> 01:13:44.039 But the good thing about Hershey, if they would just 1309 01:13:44.159 --> 01:13:47.640 knock it off over it at that company, is that 1310 01:13:47.880 --> 01:13:51.039 most people are not Spider Man. And if you look 1311 01:13:51.079 --> 01:13:54.760 at Hershey Chocolate and somebody knocked it off and said, 1312 01:13:54.800 --> 01:13:56.920 you know what, he was a terrible student. He had 1313 01:13:56.960 --> 01:14:00.359 a dysfunctional family. His father was a jerk. It's probably 1314 01:14:00.399 --> 01:14:04.239 a lot of hollering in their household, and he made it. 1315 01:14:04.800 --> 01:14:07.920 And if you are a cedar. Even if you're flunking out, 1316 01:14:08.119 --> 01:14:12.000 guess what, it doesn't matter. Find who you are and 1317 01:14:12.039 --> 01:14:14.520 what you're good at, and do it, and you will 1318 01:14:14.520 --> 01:14:16.000 make it just the way you should. 1319 01:14:16.319 --> 01:14:18.720 So when Susan just says like his father was a jerk, 1320 01:14:18.800 --> 01:14:22.520 it goes a bit deeper. So Milton Snavely Hershey's dad 1321 01:14:22.600 --> 01:14:26.199 was Henry, and Henry, though he was an avid reader, 1322 01:14:26.680 --> 01:14:29.880 was not an avid moneymaker. Well, he started a lot 1323 01:14:29.880 --> 01:14:33.279 of businesses, but none of them succeeded, and he had 1324 01:14:33.279 --> 01:14:37.479 a tendency to grab someone else's money, lose interest, fail, 1325 01:14:37.760 --> 01:14:40.960 and then split down. And according to the nineteen seventy 1326 01:14:41.000 --> 01:14:45.520 seven New York Times archival story Life with Father in 1327 01:14:45.600 --> 01:14:50.079 his pre chocolate days, Dad Henry started a cabinetry company 1328 01:14:50.079 --> 01:14:54.239 for displaying candy with Milton. But then Henry got distracted 1329 01:14:54.239 --> 01:14:56.720 by the silver rush in Colorado and was like see 1330 01:14:56.760 --> 01:14:58.840 a son, And Milton was like, dang, Dad, now I'm broke. 1331 01:14:58.920 --> 01:15:01.039 Henny was like, dude, I'm sorry, come to Colorado. Let's 1332 01:15:01.039 --> 01:15:03.920 mind some silver. So Milton scraped together some money and 1333 01:15:03.960 --> 01:15:06.359 then found no silver, so Milton had to get a 1334 01:15:06.399 --> 01:15:08.920 job with a caramel maker. Milton's like okay, I'm in 1335 01:15:08.960 --> 01:15:11.920 the caramel business. And it was like smellulator dad. Milton 1336 01:15:12.000 --> 01:15:14.159 high tailed it to Chicago, leaving his dad in the dust. 1337 01:15:14.279 --> 01:15:16.640 But then Henry showed up in Chicago and was like, Milton, 1338 01:15:16.640 --> 01:15:18.760 my boy, let me help you with the candy. And 1339 01:15:18.800 --> 01:15:21.920 then Henry his dad gave a bunch of Milton's money 1340 01:15:21.960 --> 01:15:25.039 away to one of his friends. Once again Milton was broke. 1341 01:15:25.319 --> 01:15:26.800 He's like, Dad, I love you. 1342 01:15:26.800 --> 01:15:27.239 You suck. 1343 01:15:27.560 --> 01:15:31.720 Susan said that Henry and Milton's mom, Veronica Fanny Buckwalter 1344 01:15:31.800 --> 01:15:36.079 Snavely Hirshley, were divorced, but they were more likely separated. 1345 01:15:36.319 --> 01:15:38.840 Although I got way too far down the rabbit hole 1346 01:15:38.840 --> 01:15:42.319 and I started tracking down Henry's census records, and in 1347 01:15:42.439 --> 01:15:45.720 nineteen hundred he listed himself as a widow, although his 1348 01:15:45.920 --> 01:15:50.720 estranged wife outlived him by several decades. Henry's nineteen hundred 1349 01:15:50.880 --> 01:15:55.039 census record shows his occupation was quote invalid, but his 1350 01:15:55.159 --> 01:15:58.560 obituary four years later stated that for a man of 1351 01:15:58.600 --> 01:16:01.960 his years, his faculties were remarkably well preserved, and that 1352 01:16:02.039 --> 01:16:04.439 he died suddenly of a heart issue after returning home 1353 01:16:04.479 --> 01:16:06.840 from a two mile walk. It also says that Henry 1354 01:16:06.920 --> 01:16:10.000 is survived by his wife. Two years earlier, he told 1355 01:16:10.000 --> 01:16:12.600 the government had died even though she was still alive. 1356 01:16:12.840 --> 01:16:17.560 So yes, Henry Hershey, father of Milton Hershey, the chocolateer. 1357 01:16:17.640 --> 01:16:19.560 We might call him a bit of a scoundrel or 1358 01:16:19.600 --> 01:16:23.640 a scamp, or a reprobate or rascal. Either way, Milton 1359 01:16:23.760 --> 01:16:27.479 was a good son to Henry and Fanny, and though 1360 01:16:27.520 --> 01:16:31.039 Milton and his wife Catherine could not bear children of 1361 01:16:31.039 --> 01:16:34.039 their own, they opened an orphanage and a high quality 1362 01:16:34.199 --> 01:16:38.159 education boarding school for impoverished kids, to which Milton quietly 1363 01:16:38.239 --> 01:16:41.520 left his entire fortune after he died. And yeah, this 1364 01:16:41.680 --> 01:16:44.760 was nineteen ten and at the time they only accepted 1365 01:16:44.800 --> 01:16:47.760 males who were white. And yeah, that sucked. We do 1366 01:16:47.840 --> 01:16:51.520 not like that, Milton. If you come back in another multiverse, 1367 01:16:51.640 --> 01:16:55.199 please change that. But Milton was otherwise said to adhere 1368 01:16:55.199 --> 01:16:58.279 to the religion of the Golden Rule. But yeah, Milton 1369 01:16:58.359 --> 01:17:02.439 Hershey seems like a guy who was imperfect but tried 1370 01:17:02.479 --> 01:17:03.760 to do some good things. 1371 01:17:04.119 --> 01:17:05.399 Why are we doing that? 1372 01:17:06.239 --> 01:17:08.960 I feel like you should be Hershey's CMO, like you 1373 01:17:08.960 --> 01:17:11.600 should take over change the story, you know what I mean, 1374 01:17:11.720 --> 01:17:13.319 because that is much more interesting. 1375 01:17:13.600 --> 01:17:17.920 No, they don't like me. I went and I interviewed 1376 01:17:17.920 --> 01:17:19.960 them from my last book, and the woman gave me 1377 01:17:20.079 --> 01:17:20.920 very shortens. 1378 01:17:23.560 --> 01:17:26.399 I think you tell their story better than they do. So, yeah, 1379 01:17:26.520 --> 01:17:28.840 that's great to know. It endears me to him personally, 1380 01:17:28.920 --> 01:17:34.239 but it yeah, okay. So Rebecca Fitchett and Marico Rica 1381 01:17:34.279 --> 01:17:36.359 wanted to know. They said, I'm Mexican American and the 1382 01:17:36.479 --> 01:17:39.880 nostalgic candies for me are all centered on Pemerindo chili 1383 01:17:39.960 --> 01:17:43.119 and various forms of condensed milk. But wanted to know 1384 01:17:43.359 --> 01:17:48.000 why some other candies are based on like whorehound and cloves. 1385 01:17:48.359 --> 01:17:52.640 And Rebecca wanted to know what is whorehound? Why was 1386 01:17:52.680 --> 01:17:54.880 it a popular flavor? Why is it not common now? 1387 01:17:55.199 --> 01:17:57.560 Was that a New England thing and not a not 1388 01:17:57.600 --> 01:17:59.000 a more like global southern thing. 1389 01:17:59.279 --> 01:18:02.359 Yeah, so horehound is. By the way, if any of 1390 01:18:02.399 --> 01:18:05.479 you live I live in West Virginia, I'm from Massachusetts, 1391 01:18:05.960 --> 01:18:09.600 grow your own hoarhound. It's wonderful. It's of the mint family, 1392 01:18:10.199 --> 01:18:13.600 and it has what is called hoary leaves, which means 1393 01:18:13.640 --> 01:18:16.039 it looks like little hairs are coming out of it, 1394 01:18:16.560 --> 01:18:20.239 and it has a stem with a little round, almost 1395 01:18:20.239 --> 01:18:24.199 like rings around. It's absolutely gorgeous. And flowers from it. 1396 01:18:24.199 --> 01:18:27.600 It came to North America around the fifteen hundred sometime 1397 01:18:27.640 --> 01:18:31.479 around them, and it was used for sore throat and 1398 01:18:31.720 --> 01:18:36.039 uses a remedy for upset stomachs, and people really loved it. 1399 01:18:36.520 --> 01:18:40.119 Because they added some sugar, they made this candy which 1400 01:18:40.119 --> 01:18:43.720 they really enjoyed, and it carried over. It's one of 1401 01:18:43.760 --> 01:18:47.640 the candies much like peppermint, but even more so that 1402 01:18:48.000 --> 01:18:53.239 has held on to its medicinal value. Horehound is an 1403 01:18:53.439 --> 01:18:56.960 enigma of people for two reasons. One is hoorr. What 1404 01:18:57.000 --> 01:18:59.239 do you mean by horror? And you know, believe me, 1405 01:18:59.319 --> 01:19:03.079 we get our jokes about that number one. But number 1406 01:19:03.119 --> 01:19:06.920 two is the flavor. So the flavor of hoarhound in 1407 01:19:06.960 --> 01:19:10.720 its truest form as a candy is really really bitter, 1408 01:19:11.319 --> 01:19:14.840 and our palettes aren't gared for that anymore. Recently, I 1409 01:19:14.840 --> 01:19:17.960 would say, over the last fifty sixty years, we've had 1410 01:19:18.039 --> 01:19:21.520 less and less of a tolerance for hoarhoum candy. What 1411 01:19:21.640 --> 01:19:25.079 the candy makers are doing now, particularly the old timy ones, 1412 01:19:25.159 --> 01:19:27.640 they're adding more sugar and now you still have the 1413 01:19:27.720 --> 01:19:31.199 warhound flavor, but it's not what it really really should be. 1414 01:19:31.720 --> 01:19:35.439 So great plant really does work. I believe from what 1415 01:19:35.520 --> 01:19:38.039 I've heard from people. I'm not a doctor, but it 1416 01:19:38.079 --> 01:19:41.520 seems to work for bad stomachs and for sore throats. 1417 01:19:41.720 --> 01:19:43.239 And for more on this you can see the twenty 1418 01:19:43.279 --> 01:19:48.800 seventeen Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology paper Murubian Vulgari, a review 1419 01:19:48.840 --> 01:19:52.720 on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects, which notes that the whorehound 1420 01:19:52.800 --> 01:19:59.119 plant has reportedly pharmacological activities such as anti pain, anti spasmodic, 1421 01:19:59.199 --> 01:20:05.039 anti hypertend, anti diabetic, gastro protective, anti inflammatory, anti microbial, 1422 01:20:05.359 --> 01:20:10.760 anti cancer, antioxidant, and anti hepatoxic like liver toxic activity 1423 01:20:10.960 --> 01:20:15.079 in traditional ethnobotany uses. It does concede, though that well 1424 01:20:15.159 --> 01:20:19.000 used in traditional and folk medicines. Further scientific studies are 1425 01:20:19.039 --> 01:20:23.199 needed to explore the clinical efficacy and the therapeutic effect 1426 01:20:23.359 --> 01:20:24.039 of the plant. 1427 01:20:24.199 --> 01:20:24.399 Now. 1428 01:20:24.439 --> 01:20:27.000 I was reading that it's great for respiratory infections, and 1429 01:20:27.039 --> 01:20:28.880 I was reading that as I was on the couch 1430 01:20:28.920 --> 01:20:30.760 with a honking cough, and I was like, I want 1431 01:20:30.760 --> 01:20:33.479 to get my mits on that, like post taste, because 1432 01:20:33.479 --> 01:20:36.279 I feel like I have old timey consumption, and from 1433 01:20:36.319 --> 01:20:40.680 what I've read, horehound has this earthy bitter licoricy root 1434 01:20:40.680 --> 01:20:43.239 beer type flavor. And I was like, right now, I 1435 01:20:43.399 --> 01:20:46.720 drink your grandpa's bath water if it cured my goose 1436 01:20:46.720 --> 01:20:49.279 honk of a cough. And I was eating a ricola drop. 1437 01:20:49.479 --> 01:20:51.880 I looked up the ingredients. There's a little horehound in there. 1438 01:20:52.039 --> 01:20:52.680 So there you go. 1439 01:20:53.159 --> 01:20:56.279 It really is old time, but it's from the old 1440 01:20:56.319 --> 01:21:01.720 time palette in ours. Our palates are so limited now, 1441 01:21:01.760 --> 01:21:05.439 and we have such a sparse vocabulary of what takes 1442 01:21:05.479 --> 01:21:06.680 good within our mouths. 1443 01:21:06.760 --> 01:21:10.199 So yeah, well, if you have time for a couple 1444 01:21:10.319 --> 01:21:12.000 more questions, I would love to get through. 1445 01:21:12.199 --> 01:21:13.560 Yeah, all the time you want. 1446 01:21:13.680 --> 01:21:15.680 Yeah, amazing, Okay, great. 1447 01:21:15.760 --> 01:21:20.359 Christian Jacobus and Chacaba's Christian Jacobus and Nathan mary And 1448 01:21:20.359 --> 01:21:23.560 and Alice Rubbon all wanted to know, in Alice's words, 1449 01:21:23.600 --> 01:21:28.000 who decided blue color is raspberry flavor? How did blue 1450 01:21:28.079 --> 01:21:29.279 raspberry become a flavor? 1451 01:21:29.680 --> 01:21:31.119 Is there such thing as a blue raspberry? 1452 01:21:31.880 --> 01:21:34.399 There's not such a thing as very much that's blue 1453 01:21:34.439 --> 01:21:36.920 that I know of in the whole natural world, besides 1454 01:21:36.960 --> 01:21:42.239 blueberries and now some flowers. Okay, again, today's colors O 1455 01:21:42.399 --> 01:21:45.800 get to make you want to eat them. So there's 1456 01:21:45.800 --> 01:21:49.720 a whole process of associating the color with the flavor 1457 01:21:49.760 --> 01:21:52.479 and then the smell, and all of that goes together 1458 01:21:52.600 --> 01:21:55.760 to give you the blue raspberry, which doesn't exist in 1459 01:21:55.880 --> 01:22:00.279 nature and doesn't by the way, it tastes like a raspberry, right, Yeah, no, 1460 01:22:00.479 --> 01:22:03.920 I know, I eat raspberries. It doesn't taste like a raspberry. 1461 01:22:04.000 --> 01:22:08.640 The snosberries taste like snosberries. So what you're essentially doing 1462 01:22:08.720 --> 01:22:13.079 is you're eating laboratory made candy. If you love it 1463 01:22:13.199 --> 01:22:15.600 and if you have attachment to it because you had 1464 01:22:15.600 --> 01:22:17.680 it when you were a kid, don't worry about it. 1465 01:22:17.680 --> 01:22:20.119 It's fun. But that really is the reason, and it 1466 01:22:20.159 --> 01:22:23.359 is about the history of corporate candy making. 1467 01:22:23.680 --> 01:22:26.079 I was wondering. I was like, was there an extinct 1468 01:22:26.199 --> 01:22:28.720 raspberry that was blue and tasted like a slurpee that 1469 01:22:28.760 --> 01:22:29.800 I'm just not unaware of? 1470 01:22:30.640 --> 01:22:31.920 I wish? 1471 01:22:32.079 --> 01:22:34.840 So according to a Bona Petite article titled what even 1472 01:22:35.000 --> 01:22:35.960 is blue raspberry? 1473 01:22:36.039 --> 01:22:36.439 Anyway? 1474 01:22:36.640 --> 01:22:40.039 Which has an appropriate level of attitude, the flavor of 1475 01:22:40.119 --> 01:22:44.720 blue raspberry is actually this chimera of cherry banana and 1476 01:22:44.840 --> 01:22:48.760 citric acid, although if you ask the seven to eleven website, 1477 01:22:49.000 --> 01:22:52.640 it does presently In the year of Our Lord twenty 1478 01:22:52.680 --> 01:22:56.039 twenty four assert that this flavor is an extraction from 1479 01:22:56.319 --> 01:22:59.840 the vibrant blue raspberry bushes on the secret Island of 1480 01:23:00.079 --> 01:23:03.439 as miss and frankly, so many lawyers could make them 1481 01:23:03.479 --> 01:23:05.439 take that down, and I'm kind of glad that they 1482 01:23:05.439 --> 01:23:08.680 have it. My point is blue raspberries are catfishing us 1483 01:23:08.720 --> 01:23:12.439 so hard and we're so smitten we can't even accept it. 1484 01:23:13.479 --> 01:23:16.239 We had some great questions and other people are very 1485 01:23:16.239 --> 01:23:17.840 polarized about. 1486 01:23:17.600 --> 01:23:20.279 Certain candies I'm noticing. 1487 01:23:20.000 --> 01:23:24.479 And Rachel m says my husband's black licorice was invented 1488 01:23:24.479 --> 01:23:25.920 because they didn't have sugar. 1489 01:23:26.000 --> 01:23:26.800 Any truth to that. 1490 01:23:26.880 --> 01:23:32.760 Other people Teya Danealovic and Chicken Chumper both asked licorice candy? 1491 01:23:32.960 --> 01:23:34.680 Why two people asked that? 1492 01:23:35.239 --> 01:23:39.279 And Becky, this secgress scientist said salty European liquorice? 1493 01:23:39.319 --> 01:23:42.640 Is it candy? Is it savory? So a lot of 1494 01:23:42.680 --> 01:23:45.720 people say they love black licorice. 1495 01:23:45.439 --> 01:23:48.439 Ryan Ketchum, Dylan Vee, who asks, can I justify eating 1496 01:23:48.439 --> 01:23:51.720 a lot of this? And John Champion of licorice. 1497 01:23:51.720 --> 01:23:52.239 Yeah, Hi. 1498 01:23:52.640 --> 01:23:57.800 My question is whether it's time for licorice to make 1499 01:23:57.800 --> 01:23:58.680 a really big. 1500 01:23:58.520 --> 01:24:04.199 Comeback Others, what is the origin of this divisive delight, 1501 01:24:04.319 --> 01:24:05.239 asked Ryan Ketchum. 1502 01:24:05.439 --> 01:24:08.920 Okay, the divisive delight is. And by the way, if 1503 01:24:08.960 --> 01:24:12.640 you live in West Virginia or Massachusetts or any of 1504 01:24:12.680 --> 01:24:16.399 these cooler climates, you can grow lcorte in your yard. 1505 01:24:16.640 --> 01:24:20.439 I do. It's a wonderful plant. And so the licorice 1506 01:24:20.520 --> 01:24:26.159 root itself was, and in some places still is a candy. 1507 01:24:26.279 --> 01:24:28.359 You get the licorice root and you chew it, and 1508 01:24:28.399 --> 01:24:31.880 you get the licorice flavor. And so first came the 1509 01:24:31.920 --> 01:24:35.399 licorice as something you could chew. But there's another reason 1510 01:24:35.439 --> 01:24:39.640 why when you chew the licorice root it splays out 1511 01:24:39.720 --> 01:24:42.960 in these kind of prawns. People would chew it to 1512 01:24:43.039 --> 01:24:46.159 clean their teeth and they would always be rolling these 1513 01:24:46.600 --> 01:24:49.159 licorice roots around in the teeth, and they choose the 1514 01:24:49.319 --> 01:24:52.039 tree residents for the same reason. But liquorice room in 1515 01:24:52.119 --> 01:24:56.000 particular because how it splays out so enslave. People would 1516 01:24:56.079 --> 01:24:59.199 use that, and they would use it as unflavoring, and 1517 01:24:59.319 --> 01:25:01.880 people would use said as a digestive, and they would 1518 01:25:01.960 --> 01:25:05.359 use it for all these different reasons. And when candy 1519 01:25:05.600 --> 01:25:10.760 started coming around, licorice became really important because it was 1520 01:25:10.800 --> 01:25:15.039 available and because people like the flavor. Our palettes have 1521 01:25:15.239 --> 01:25:19.359 changed a lot. Charlie Chaplin is one of the best 1522 01:25:19.399 --> 01:25:22.319 examples of how popularized it became, even though not that 1523 01:25:22.359 --> 01:25:25.000 many people knew it. He had a movie called The 1524 01:25:25.000 --> 01:25:27.960 Gold Rush, and in it he was his hobo and 1525 01:25:28.000 --> 01:25:30.159 he's kind of out there and he's trying to pan 1526 01:25:30.279 --> 01:25:32.880 for gold and he didn't have any gold, so he 1527 01:25:33.000 --> 01:25:35.760 had to eat a boot. Oh and so the same 1528 01:25:35.800 --> 01:25:39.039 as scene where he ate a boot and he hit 1529 01:25:39.640 --> 01:25:43.119 the shoelaces like spaghetti. This is in the twenties. And 1530 01:25:43.159 --> 01:25:46.199 I know this because I read it research. But I 1531 01:25:46.239 --> 01:25:49.159 also asked the guy who owns the company now his 1532 01:25:49.439 --> 01:25:52.039 grandson of the guy who founded it, Oh, the great grandson. 1533 01:25:52.439 --> 01:25:56.560 He confirmed that. Charlie Chaplin called the American Liquorice Company 1534 01:25:56.960 --> 01:25:59.319 and said, can you make me a licorice boot for 1535 01:25:59.439 --> 01:26:02.840 my movie? They said yeah, sure, So they figured it out. 1536 01:26:02.880 --> 01:26:05.039 They made him two boots because they knew I would 1537 01:26:05.039 --> 01:26:07.960 probably get kind of rattled up. And that's what he's 1538 01:26:07.960 --> 01:26:11.079 eating in the movie is the America Licorice Company. But 1539 01:26:11.279 --> 01:26:15.159 licorice was a real favorite for years and years. They 1540 01:26:15.199 --> 01:26:18.239 had all sorts of look good in plenty. It is 1541 01:26:18.279 --> 01:26:20.600 the first candy brand in the country. Good in Plenty 1542 01:26:20.880 --> 01:26:24.680 eighteen ninety three, people love, you know, they're eating Good 1543 01:26:24.680 --> 01:26:29.560 in Plenty in eighteen ninety three today, I believe again 1544 01:26:29.760 --> 01:26:34.079 it's like Corehound. Our palettes have changed so much. So 1545 01:26:34.159 --> 01:26:38.359 some people with a particular taste profile as they call them, 1546 01:26:38.680 --> 01:26:41.479 they like licorice, and now other people don't. Not as 1547 01:26:41.520 --> 01:26:44.920 many people, I can assure you like licorice as they 1548 01:26:45.079 --> 01:26:47.399 used to. But again that has a lot to do 1549 01:26:47.479 --> 01:26:51.039 with our limited palettes, and not an insulting way, but 1550 01:26:51.159 --> 01:26:54.479 just reality. But yeah, licoras was everywhere. It was great, 1551 01:26:54.600 --> 01:26:57.920 It was important. It was medicine, it was a food, 1552 01:26:58.000 --> 01:27:00.880 it was a candy, it was a tobacco so it 1553 01:27:01.119 --> 01:27:03.560 was a sweet treat for kids. 1554 01:27:03.960 --> 01:27:06.520 Wow, it was Licorica's world. We were just living in 1555 01:27:06.560 --> 01:27:08.000 it back then. I guess. 1556 01:27:08.279 --> 01:27:11.119 Well, you know what happened. It didn't very quick. It 1557 01:27:11.159 --> 01:27:14.880 didn't grow here, It grew all over Europe. And after 1558 01:27:14.920 --> 01:27:17.640 the Civil War, these people were who had you know, 1559 01:27:17.760 --> 01:27:23.000 tobacco field or had had sugar plantations, needed an economy 1560 01:27:23.079 --> 01:27:27.039 and they wanted to create an American licorice economy because 1561 01:27:27.199 --> 01:27:30.159 they wanted to use it in tobacco. And they said 1562 01:27:30.159 --> 01:27:33.279 we could grow it here, we don't have to import it. 1563 01:27:33.319 --> 01:27:35.439 We could sell it, we could export it, we could 1564 01:27:35.520 --> 01:27:38.279 use it in the tobacco. All the money would stay here. 1565 01:27:38.399 --> 01:27:41.439 That's the south, right, that's in the south. They're saying that. 1566 01:27:41.479 --> 01:27:43.560 And who are they trying to get help from, Well, 1567 01:27:43.600 --> 01:27:46.560 the north, you know, the victors of the Civil War. 1568 01:27:46.800 --> 01:27:48.960 They're not going to give them money to start off 1569 01:27:49.319 --> 01:27:53.039 their economy again. So they didn't, and we never have 1570 01:27:53.159 --> 01:27:56.640 had a licoric economy. And all the licorice that we 1571 01:27:56.760 --> 01:27:58.720 get is from somewhere else. 1572 01:27:59.079 --> 01:28:02.199 Side note pound in licorice. Root that makes it sweet 1573 01:28:02.279 --> 01:28:07.520 is glycoorizin. And when it comes to salmiaki or salty licorice, 1574 01:28:07.520 --> 01:28:11.119 which is beloved in Scandinavia and Western Europe, the thing 1575 01:28:11.439 --> 01:28:16.800 that makes it, some would say nauseatingly salty, is ammonium chloride, 1576 01:28:16.920 --> 01:28:20.079 and some people like it so salty, this licorice that 1577 01:28:20.199 --> 01:28:23.159 Germany had to start putting warnings that it was for 1578 01:28:23.319 --> 01:28:27.800 adult consumption only. Now can you die from licorice? Well, 1579 01:28:28.800 --> 01:28:33.079 that glycrizin can alter potassium levels and lead to issues 1580 01:28:33.119 --> 01:28:37.399 with blood pressure and potentially congestive heart failure if you 1581 01:28:37.479 --> 01:28:40.560 eat too much. And some of This salty licorice is 1582 01:28:40.560 --> 01:28:43.720 shaped like skulls, just in case you weren't afraid enough 1583 01:28:43.720 --> 01:28:47.239 of it. But haters, you can stay salty. Well, you know, 1584 01:28:47.319 --> 01:28:50.520 speaking of kind of regional stuff, I always wondered why, 1585 01:28:50.640 --> 01:28:52.239 you know, you go on a beach vacation and there's 1586 01:28:52.239 --> 01:28:54.760 so many little shacks on peers that sell salt water taffy, 1587 01:28:54.800 --> 01:28:56.680 and I'm like, they can be getting this salt water 1588 01:28:57.000 --> 01:29:01.119 from below the pier so lived Tamburini and Calcy both 1589 01:29:01.159 --> 01:29:03.600 wanted to know what's in salt water taffy? And why 1590 01:29:03.640 --> 01:29:07.720 is it called salt water taffy? All right, sit down, okay, 1591 01:29:07.800 --> 01:29:08.279 I'm in it. 1592 01:29:08.560 --> 01:29:10.399 All right, you're sitting down because I'm going to tell 1593 01:29:10.439 --> 01:29:13.439 you this, and you may not like it, but there 1594 01:29:13.520 --> 01:29:17.039 isn't salt in saltwater taffy. And you if you've got 1595 01:29:17.039 --> 01:29:19.439 to Denver and you get taffy, and you go to 1596 01:29:19.560 --> 01:29:23.079 Atlantic City and you get taffy, at least if it's 1597 01:29:23.159 --> 01:29:29.479 original old style, no salt in it, there's no different. 1598 01:29:29.560 --> 01:29:34.239 But I'm telling you marketing, marketing, right, So marketing is 1599 01:29:34.279 --> 01:29:37.560 what made the candy of today. This is what happened. 1600 01:29:37.840 --> 01:29:41.560 They were making taffy on the boardwalk in Atlantic City, 1601 01:29:42.199 --> 01:29:45.359 and the boardwalk is directly right on the ocean and 1602 01:29:45.399 --> 01:29:47.399 the waves are coming up, and one day there was 1603 01:29:47.439 --> 01:29:51.199 a storm. This is the story. There was a storm 1604 01:29:51.479 --> 01:29:55.199 and the waves and the storm flooded this candy company 1605 01:29:55.239 --> 01:29:58.720 that was making taffy on the boardwalk. So it's a 1606 01:29:58.760 --> 01:30:02.399 mess and the guys in there and the taffy's floating 1607 01:30:02.439 --> 01:30:06.399 on the water, and the little girl comes in and says, 1608 01:30:06.399 --> 01:30:08.920 do you have any taffy in one of us? Taffy said, 1609 01:30:09.199 --> 01:30:12.520 all I have the saltwater taffy. And one way or 1610 01:30:12.520 --> 01:30:14.479 another that there are all of these stories, like he 1611 01:30:14.600 --> 01:30:16.520 got the idea of a woman walked by and said, 1612 01:30:16.520 --> 01:30:19.119 you ought a name of that? Nobody really knows that. 1613 01:30:19.119 --> 01:30:21.760 That's why they call the saltwater taffy because it was 1614 01:30:21.800 --> 01:30:23.880 made by the beach and it kept getting drenched in 1615 01:30:23.960 --> 01:30:28.680 salt water. Well, saltwater taffy. This guy wanted to own 1616 01:30:28.720 --> 01:30:31.359 the name saltwater taffy, and he got the rights to 1617 01:30:31.680 --> 01:30:35.399 be the only one who could use that as his brand, 1618 01:30:35.800 --> 01:30:38.640 and more and more people took him on legally, and 1619 01:30:38.640 --> 01:30:41.640 then I think this was in the eighteen late eighteen eighties, 1620 01:30:41.960 --> 01:30:45.720 and then around the nineteen twenties, saltwater taboo became a 1621 01:30:45.880 --> 01:30:48.760 use of a word that anybody could have. He lost 1622 01:30:48.800 --> 01:30:51.239 the rights. He was probably dead then anyway, but his 1623 01:30:51.359 --> 01:30:52.520 descendants lost the right. 1624 01:30:52.800 --> 01:30:56.680 His name was John ross Edmiston, and yes he is dead. 1625 01:30:56.960 --> 01:31:00.359 His New York Times obituary from nineteen thirty nine that 1626 01:31:00.399 --> 01:31:03.640 he lived until the age of eighty six, although he 1627 01:31:03.680 --> 01:31:07.520 died suddenly of a heart attack right in his boardwalk store. 1628 01:31:07.720 --> 01:31:11.399 But he literally died doing what he loved, selling saltwater taffy, 1629 01:31:11.560 --> 01:31:13.119 which did not have salt water in it. 1630 01:31:13.640 --> 01:31:17.640 So no, sorry, kids, no salt water in your saltwater 1631 01:31:17.760 --> 01:31:21.159 taffy unless they're adding it now because they don't want 1632 01:31:21.159 --> 01:31:24.439 people to get him set right well, because they think it'll. 1633 01:31:24.199 --> 01:31:26.600 Be cool false advertising, but it isn't. 1634 01:31:26.640 --> 01:31:29.760 The real saltwater entirety never had salt. Does it taste 1635 01:31:29.800 --> 01:31:31.800 salted to you? 1636 01:31:31.840 --> 01:31:34.640 No, it's not like it's fish flavored or anything, I 1637 01:31:34.680 --> 01:31:35.359 thank god. 1638 01:31:35.560 --> 01:31:39.439 But what they did was they created little boxes with 1639 01:31:39.600 --> 01:31:42.560 taffy on it, and so you could go and buy 1640 01:31:42.600 --> 01:31:45.479 some saltwater taffy from the beach to give his gifts 1641 01:31:45.479 --> 01:31:47.720 when you go home. Of course, so it had its 1642 01:31:47.800 --> 01:31:50.600 own little marketing ecosystem around it. 1643 01:31:50.880 --> 01:31:54.199 Well, in terms of things that have you can't get anymore. 1644 01:31:54.319 --> 01:31:59.119 Greg Dobbs asked a great question. It sounds informed. Ferrera 1645 01:31:59.319 --> 01:32:03.000 Candy Company has also started making oh see, I already 1646 01:32:03.000 --> 01:32:07.600 know have has recently stopped making atomic fireballs, jowbusters, and lemonheads. 1647 01:32:07.720 --> 01:32:10.880 What drives the company to discontinue products? I already missed 1648 01:32:10.880 --> 01:32:14.840 the fireballs and jawbreakers. They say, all right, so number one, 1649 01:32:15.119 --> 01:32:16.800 don't worry. The fireballs are back. 1650 01:32:16.960 --> 01:32:20.119 Yay. We just started carrying them again. We saw somebody 1651 01:32:20.119 --> 01:32:22.359 else's carrying and we're like, we got to get those. 1652 01:32:23.000 --> 01:32:26.960 So they're back and they are. Originally they were the 1653 01:32:27.000 --> 01:32:29.720 sugar plumps of the fourteen hundreds, and they made their 1654 01:32:29.720 --> 01:32:33.960 way up to the jawbreakers and then the atomic fireballs 1655 01:32:34.079 --> 01:32:36.800 after World War Two. That's what they were. They were 1656 01:32:36.920 --> 01:32:39.039 very important, but they weren't a moneymaker. 1657 01:32:39.479 --> 01:32:42.159 Susan says that this happens with candy companies. A lot 1658 01:32:42.439 --> 01:32:46.479 things die this much lamented death, but then are resurrected 1659 01:32:46.520 --> 01:32:48.439 to a lot of fanfare and relief. 1660 01:32:48.920 --> 01:32:53.159 The neck a wafer the company folded for one horrifying year. 1661 01:32:53.199 --> 01:32:55.680 We had no neck a wafers. Now they're back. It 1662 01:32:55.720 --> 01:32:59.720 may have been three years, but it felt like twenty years. 1663 01:32:59.359 --> 01:33:04.079 Sad that liquorice flavored candy that some older people remember 1664 01:33:04.680 --> 01:33:08.279 it was everywhere, Nope, gone, Who knows if it'll come back. 1665 01:33:08.600 --> 01:33:13.039 So it's just the up and down of the economic 1666 01:33:13.239 --> 01:33:17.560 cycle of candy, and more and more candies are dropping 1667 01:33:17.880 --> 01:33:21.760 off of the radar at this point. Yes, you can 1668 01:33:21.920 --> 01:33:23.760 get atomic fireballs. 1669 01:33:24.039 --> 01:33:26.640 Susan has a candy company, of course, and her website, 1670 01:33:26.760 --> 01:33:30.239 True Treats dot com is a feast of info. Every 1671 01:33:30.279 --> 01:33:33.119 candy theyll comes with a biography of its origin. Even 1672 01:33:33.119 --> 01:33:35.000 if you don't like candy, you can get a load 1673 01:33:35.039 --> 01:33:37.840 of trivia on every page. So yes, not only does 1674 01:33:37.840 --> 01:33:40.600 she write and research, but she is a candy merchant 1675 01:33:40.920 --> 01:33:43.199 and so she knows the ins and outs of the biz. 1676 01:33:43.680 --> 01:33:46.600 We can get job breakers, but only the really really 1677 01:33:46.600 --> 01:33:49.319 big one, the mega big ones, well the medium and 1678 01:33:49.359 --> 01:33:52.720 then the really big ones who do have jawbreakers. Again, lemonheads, 1679 01:33:52.760 --> 01:33:55.760 I don't know about, but my hunches they were pushed 1680 01:33:55.760 --> 01:33:58.359 out by all of their sales, probably limited by all 1681 01:33:58.399 --> 01:34:01.560 the new unbelievably our candies that are out there. Is 1682 01:34:01.560 --> 01:34:04.039 what I bet they may come back. I don't know. 1683 01:34:04.479 --> 01:34:06.880 So don't give up, all you people. When you see 1684 01:34:06.880 --> 01:34:10.279 your favorite candies leaving, don't worry. They may come back. 1685 01:34:10.359 --> 01:34:12.239 I've witnessed it, I promise you. 1686 01:34:12.920 --> 01:34:15.840 Does it help to tell the company that you're just 1687 01:34:16.239 --> 01:34:18.680 so pissed not to have fireballs? Does that help? 1688 01:34:19.359 --> 01:34:22.880 Yeah? Okay, it does? Yeah, protest All right, I'm going 1689 01:34:22.960 --> 01:34:26.159 to tell your protests at work. You're ready, uh huh okay. 1690 01:34:26.199 --> 01:34:29.640 You know the pixie stick, yes, of course, a little straw, 1691 01:34:29.680 --> 01:34:33.279 that wonderful little straw that by the way, it was gone. 1692 01:34:33.399 --> 01:34:36.319 It was gone last year. No more pixie sticks were 1693 01:34:36.520 --> 01:34:39.760 there were some of these, like newer versions. Right now 1694 01:34:39.760 --> 01:34:41.840 it's back. Yeah, Pixi sticks again. 1695 01:34:42.079 --> 01:34:45.479 Patron Eso Party confess that they used to love super 1696 01:34:45.640 --> 01:34:48.439 sugary candy as a kid, like pixie sticks. But they 1697 01:34:48.520 --> 01:34:51.359 write at twenty six now the thought of that candy 1698 01:34:51.560 --> 01:34:53.760 makes me gag, And yes, I get it, you so 1699 01:34:54.119 --> 01:34:58.119 my teeth sweat just imagining them. But the history is 1700 01:34:58.159 --> 01:34:59.439 fascinating anyway. 1701 01:34:59.439 --> 01:35:03.239 Pixiesick were made in the earlier part of the nineteen hundreds. 1702 01:35:03.399 --> 01:35:05.359 Kids were eating them, and they were gone to school 1703 01:35:06.000 --> 01:35:08.039 and they were eating a pixie stick, and they had 1704 01:35:08.039 --> 01:35:10.520 the white shirts on because in those days, kids dressed 1705 01:35:10.560 --> 01:35:12.800 up for school and they had white shirts and they 1706 01:35:12.800 --> 01:35:15.800 would eat pixie sticks like you did. They would go 1707 01:35:16.039 --> 01:35:18.600 to the pharmacy and they would get them and they 1708 01:35:18.600 --> 01:35:22.279 were covered with colors. And the mothers were very, very upset. 1709 01:35:22.800 --> 01:35:26.560 So they did what you're recommending now, my dear. What 1710 01:35:26.640 --> 01:35:30.319 they did is they lobbied the company to make a 1711 01:35:30.600 --> 01:35:33.720 meaed a version of the pixie stick. Our kids love it. 1712 01:35:33.880 --> 01:35:36.479 We have to give our kids these candies. But you 1713 01:35:36.600 --> 01:35:38.880 can't do this. There's slabs and we can't have a 1714 01:35:38.960 --> 01:35:42.159 kid be a slav in school. So the company obliged. 1715 01:35:42.720 --> 01:35:45.279 They listened, and you know what they made as a 1716 01:35:45.319 --> 01:35:48.079 needer version of the pixie stick. You know what they 1717 01:35:48.119 --> 01:35:50.520 called it, Tommy Tommy sweet tarts. 1718 01:35:51.039 --> 01:35:51.600 There we go. 1719 01:35:51.920 --> 01:35:54.000 Those are yeah, those who can keep in your purse too, 1720 01:35:54.000 --> 01:35:55.720 and you can just one at a time, you know. 1721 01:35:56.199 --> 01:35:58.159 Well, yeah, kids can eat them and not get it 1722 01:35:58.199 --> 01:36:01.479 all over themselves. So people, you can lobby your company. 1723 01:36:01.600 --> 01:36:03.319 You can lobby the company, but you got to have 1724 01:36:03.359 --> 01:36:06.680 a lot of cloud, got to really get numbers. Numbers. 1725 01:36:07.600 --> 01:36:11.119 Well, some people who had best intentions have wondered about 1726 01:36:11.399 --> 01:36:16.920 sugar substitute candies. Maybe blood sugar is an issue, maybe 1727 01:36:17.239 --> 01:36:22.640 dietary reasons, and Turner Piers wanted to know how is 1728 01:36:22.640 --> 01:36:25.960 sugar free candy made and why does it never quite 1729 01:36:26.039 --> 01:36:30.399 taste right? And then other people asked about Brian Shenanigans 1730 01:36:30.439 --> 01:36:32.199 wants to know what is it about sugar substitutes and 1731 01:36:32.239 --> 01:36:34.760 sugar free candy Like sorbitol and melotol, they give you 1732 01:36:34.920 --> 01:36:35.880 the epic poops. 1733 01:36:36.640 --> 01:36:41.439 Other people wanted to know the epic poops. So people 1734 01:36:41.520 --> 01:36:46.159 asked about real digestive issues with sugar free candies. 1735 01:36:46.600 --> 01:36:49.439 If you have stivia, I mean you can grow stivvy 1736 01:36:49.520 --> 01:36:51.800 in your garden, rip it up, put it on your 1737 01:36:51.840 --> 01:36:55.399 food sale. It's delicious and sweet. The story is that 1738 01:36:55.920 --> 01:37:00.800 these artificial sugars are so infused with flavor of sweetness 1739 01:37:01.079 --> 01:37:04.680 that doesn't exist in nature. As I said, go eat 1740 01:37:04.680 --> 01:37:07.920 a sugar cube, it doesn't have that much flavor, So 1741 01:37:08.439 --> 01:37:11.760 we go for the artificial sugar sweich are really really sweet. 1742 01:37:11.800 --> 01:37:17.359 So now our thresholds for sweetness keeps changing from these things. 1743 01:37:17.680 --> 01:37:21.960 Okay, so the quick skinny on sweeteners. There are natural 1744 01:37:22.159 --> 01:37:25.600 and engineered sweeteners, but what you might be seeing on 1745 01:37:25.640 --> 01:37:29.359 the nutrition labels of sugar free or keto friendly candy 1746 01:37:29.399 --> 01:37:33.239 are sugar alcohols. Usually they have talls at the end 1747 01:37:33.279 --> 01:37:37.319 of their names, like xylotol or erythritol or manitol sorbitol, 1748 01:37:37.680 --> 01:37:40.239 and they range from being as sweet as sugar to 1749 01:37:40.319 --> 01:37:44.279 about half as sweet. Now, these things occur naturally in 1750 01:37:44.319 --> 01:37:49.800 some fruits hello prunes, little foreshadowing, but as a processed 1751 01:37:49.840 --> 01:37:54.399 food ingredient, they are typically manufactured from things like potato starch. Now, 1752 01:37:54.439 --> 01:37:57.039 the beauty of them is that they can provide body 1753 01:37:57.439 --> 01:38:01.000 and sweetness to candy without the calorie content of actual sugars, 1754 01:38:01.199 --> 01:38:05.600 partly because your body cannot digest them well, so they 1755 01:38:05.640 --> 01:38:08.920 get a fast track ticket to your intestines, where your 1756 01:38:08.960 --> 01:38:12.840 gut biome is stoked to have them. Your gut biome 1757 01:38:12.920 --> 01:38:16.000 is like, what is all this? It digests up a 1758 01:38:16.159 --> 01:38:20.560 storm and it celebrates with plumes of farts. Sorbatol is 1759 01:38:20.600 --> 01:38:24.560 sold straight up as a medical laxative and ps for 1760 01:38:24.640 --> 01:38:29.399 more on powerwashing your intestines precolonoscopy, I have a whole 1761 01:38:29.439 --> 01:38:31.920 field trip ride along episode on that linked in the 1762 01:38:31.920 --> 01:38:35.760 show notes without shame, but apart from bubblegut and the 1763 01:38:35.800 --> 01:38:38.359 cancelation of any plans you had for a few days, 1764 01:38:38.479 --> 01:38:42.479 sugar alcohols can wreak more bodily havoc. In a recent 1765 01:38:42.600 --> 01:38:47.399 Cleveland Clinic article ominously titled what You Should Know about 1766 01:38:47.439 --> 01:38:52.079 Sugar Alcohols, physicians warn that sugar alcohols like xylotol and 1767 01:38:52.199 --> 01:38:57.239 uythrotol can also cause over activity of your platelets, resulting 1768 01:38:57.319 --> 01:39:01.359 in blood cloths and other cardiovascular debt. So, as one 1769 01:39:01.399 --> 01:39:05.039 Amazon review proclaimed, see you in Hell, sugar free got 1770 01:39:05.039 --> 01:39:05.479 me bears. 1771 01:39:05.960 --> 01:39:09.479 So you're not reacting well to it because it's not 1772 01:39:09.680 --> 01:39:12.800 good for you, probably to whatever extent. 1773 01:39:13.439 --> 01:39:17.880 Well for people who are looking for maybe some moderation 1774 01:39:18.439 --> 01:39:23.560 or looking for certain candies that might be healthier for them. 1775 01:39:24.159 --> 01:39:28.239 A ton of people's storm, Dylan V. Gerrick McLoughlin, Eveilye 1776 01:39:28.239 --> 01:39:33.720 Sanchez wanted to know, are there any candies that it 1777 01:39:33.800 --> 01:39:38.279 still tastes good? But, in Andrea's words, is their hope 1778 01:39:38.279 --> 01:39:40.640 for lower sugar candy that still tastes good for people 1779 01:39:40.640 --> 01:39:43.399 such as myself who have to watch their sugar intake. 1780 01:39:43.720 --> 01:39:48.079 Any advice you have for people who are on healthcake. 1781 01:39:48.359 --> 01:39:52.239 It's a very hard question to answer because I know 1782 01:39:52.640 --> 01:39:56.840 that if you have diabetes and you eat raisins, it's 1783 01:39:56.840 --> 01:39:59.800 sugar and you can't eat that many raisins, so it's 1784 01:40:00.079 --> 01:40:03.479 really hard questions. So I'll take the medical aspect out 1785 01:40:03.479 --> 01:40:06.560 of it because it isn't kind of what I would 1786 01:40:06.560 --> 01:40:08.920 do where I'd get sued if I did. Because I'm 1787 01:40:08.960 --> 01:40:10.880 not a doctor, I can't say that again. 1788 01:40:11.000 --> 01:40:14.119 Please see our two part episode with a diabetic diapetologist, 1789 01:40:14.600 --> 01:40:16.479 doctor Macnatter about diabetes. 1790 01:40:16.760 --> 01:40:18.399 Better yet, see your doctor. 1791 01:40:18.920 --> 01:40:22.319 But much of what you have has tons of sugar 1792 01:40:22.359 --> 01:40:24.840 in it that shouldn't. If you go to a restaurant 1793 01:40:24.920 --> 01:40:26.640 or even your home and you eat a sauce, you're 1794 01:40:26.720 --> 01:40:31.520 eating a syrup. If you go to have a sandwich, 1795 01:40:31.600 --> 01:40:34.319 you've got all the sugar in your sandwich places where 1796 01:40:34.319 --> 01:40:38.840 it doesn't belong. When you're eating candy, you know how 1797 01:40:38.920 --> 01:40:39.880 much you're eating. 1798 01:40:40.239 --> 01:40:42.920 Here is her advice, and it's good advice. 1799 01:40:43.359 --> 01:40:46.680 What you do is you get enough candy because there's 1800 01:40:46.760 --> 01:40:50.000 an event, because it's the end of the week, and 1801 01:40:50.039 --> 01:40:52.239 you get a candy that you really like, and you 1802 01:40:52.439 --> 01:40:55.000 just eat it and just know as you're eating it, 1803 01:40:55.279 --> 01:40:56.720 I'm not going to have it tomorrow. 1804 01:40:57.079 --> 01:40:57.720 I'd like it. 1805 01:40:57.920 --> 01:41:01.319 I ate it. It's good. What happened to you mark 1806 01:41:01.399 --> 01:41:04.319 my words, because this is what happened to me. I 1807 01:41:04.359 --> 01:41:08.159 went into candy as a researcher, not necessarily a candy lover, 1808 01:41:08.640 --> 01:41:11.279 but it really was for me feel good. I know 1809 01:41:11.960 --> 01:41:14.199 people feel good when they eat candy and when you 1810 01:41:14.640 --> 01:41:16.439 share it with somebody who feel good and all that. 1811 01:41:17.399 --> 01:41:20.560 Now that I don't eat much sugar and many sweet 1812 01:41:20.600 --> 01:41:24.520 things because I really don't. My tolerance for sweet things 1813 01:41:24.640 --> 01:41:27.319 is very low. I don't like sweet things. 1814 01:41:27.920 --> 01:41:29.439 So breaking news. 1815 01:41:29.800 --> 01:41:33.279 A candy historian, an expert who has written ten books 1816 01:41:33.279 --> 01:41:37.439 and owns a candy shop does not overdo it on candy. 1817 01:41:37.960 --> 01:41:41.039 When I have a circus peanut, I can eat half 1818 01:41:41.199 --> 01:41:44.800 and I feel it all day. But I like it. 1819 01:41:44.880 --> 01:41:49.159 I just can't. So what I'm saying is use candy 1820 01:41:49.199 --> 01:41:53.479 the way it should be used, which is ceremonial. Get 1821 01:41:53.560 --> 01:41:57.119 the can you really love, share it with somebody. There's 1822 01:41:57.199 --> 01:42:00.399 nothing wrong but that once you start looking for candy 1823 01:42:00.439 --> 01:42:03.239 that's healthy for you, you're gonna follow the traps of 1824 01:42:03.319 --> 01:42:06.680 getting an energy bar and a health food bar. Yeah, 1825 01:42:06.800 --> 01:42:09.319 that you're eating something healthy and you're still in in candy. 1826 01:42:10.119 --> 01:42:10.800 I have to say. 1827 01:42:10.880 --> 01:42:13.920 I used to work for food networking for the Cooking Channel. 1828 01:42:13.960 --> 01:42:16.840 I was on a dessert show for seven years and 1829 01:42:17.600 --> 01:42:21.000 seven seasons, and I never ate so healthy because of 1830 01:42:21.000 --> 01:42:24.479 that show. I would go and sample six donuts in 1831 01:42:24.520 --> 01:42:27.680 a sitting, seventeen pieces of high over the day, and 1832 01:42:27.720 --> 01:42:30.279 then the rest of the week I was like, salads 1833 01:42:30.359 --> 01:42:34.159 and protein please. Like I could pass by a bakery 1834 01:42:34.199 --> 01:42:36.319 case and be like, I'm good. But as soon as 1835 01:42:36.319 --> 01:42:39.720 you're like, you have it, your brain starts saying, no, 1836 01:42:39.880 --> 01:42:40.640 I have to have it. 1837 01:42:40.680 --> 01:42:41.800 I have to have it, you know what I mean. 1838 01:42:41.960 --> 01:42:44.800 So it's okay, we want sugar, but we should be 1839 01:42:44.920 --> 01:42:47.520 using it in a way that works for us and 1840 01:42:47.560 --> 01:42:51.399 not against us. Very light, just teeny tiny amount practically, no, 1841 01:42:51.960 --> 01:42:58.720 and don't believe what marketers telling you the full of beans. 1842 01:42:59.319 --> 01:43:01.199 Check your energy folks. 1843 01:43:01.479 --> 01:43:04.359 Well, you know, before I get to our last two 1844 01:43:04.439 --> 01:43:07.000 questions that I ask every guest, what do you give 1845 01:43:07.039 --> 01:43:07.680 out at Halloween? 1846 01:43:07.680 --> 01:43:10.720 Halloween's coming up? What do you get trig or treaters 1847 01:43:10.800 --> 01:43:12.399 in West Virginia and on your block? 1848 01:43:13.159 --> 01:43:17.800 People who do yeah, yeah, we're part of the United States. 1849 01:43:18.000 --> 01:43:20.960 Well, I mean, I'm just saying some Maybe you live 1850 01:43:21.000 --> 01:43:23.520 on a rural road. My poor parents would get a 1851 01:43:23.560 --> 01:43:26.159 bucket of Halloween candy and they lived in the mountains. 1852 01:43:26.560 --> 01:43:28.399 Never got anyone. I live on a cul de sac. 1853 01:43:28.520 --> 01:43:31.279 I have never seen a child your fre case. 1854 01:43:31.319 --> 01:43:34.239 So we'll get candy, and I'm like crickets. So I 1855 01:43:34.279 --> 01:43:36.600 go to my friend's houses to help them hand out candy. 1856 01:43:36.640 --> 01:43:38.520 But when you have to pick out what candy you 1857 01:43:38.520 --> 01:43:41.439 give out, Yeah, I imagine these people have no idea 1858 01:43:41.479 --> 01:43:43.600 that they're talking to one of the world's experts in candy. 1859 01:43:44.159 --> 01:43:46.479 I don't do it. You don't what. 1860 01:43:48.319 --> 01:43:48.800 I don't? 1861 01:43:48.920 --> 01:43:49.359 I can? 1862 01:43:50.239 --> 01:43:52.880 I mean, I worried that nobody would show up at 1863 01:43:52.880 --> 01:43:56.000 my house all this candy. So what I have done 1864 01:43:56.079 --> 01:43:59.399 sometimes is this very busy street with with a big 1865 01:43:59.439 --> 01:44:04.960 halloween some kids. Sometimes I go and I join people 1866 01:44:05.000 --> 01:44:08.399 there to get out of it. So what I do 1867 01:44:08.600 --> 01:44:11.760 is I shut off my lights and I go off together. 1868 01:44:14.079 --> 01:44:18.560 What it's true? Or I gonna meet my friends healthier. 1869 01:44:18.600 --> 01:44:23.000 But they have so much damn candy. Then it want more? Stup? Oh, 1870 01:44:23.039 --> 01:44:29.239 we don't need it. We're home early because he's shut 1871 01:44:29.279 --> 01:44:33.399 down time for Halloween. We're home early. We go to 1872 01:44:33.439 --> 01:44:35.359 the back of the house and shut off all the 1873 01:44:35.439 --> 01:44:36.359 lights in the front. 1874 01:44:39.760 --> 01:44:43.000 I have pictured you with just a trop of pink, 1875 01:44:43.079 --> 01:44:45.880 only starbirds, which is the best way for I'm like 1876 01:44:46.840 --> 01:44:50.760 I'm like Pumpkin reces no. If you no. 1877 01:44:50.720 --> 01:44:54.800 Idea I got from Candy, couldn't, They'll get pissed off. 1878 01:44:55.359 --> 01:44:55.720 Yeah, I know. 1879 01:44:56.800 --> 01:45:00.479 Can you imagine they're like never going there again. Well 1880 01:45:00.479 --> 01:45:03.119 then I guess, don't ask Susan, don't trick or treat 1881 01:45:03.159 --> 01:45:03.880 Susan's house. 1882 01:45:04.720 --> 01:45:07.520 You take a trick. Oh my god. 1883 01:45:08.039 --> 01:45:11.560 Well, the worst thing last two questions, worst thing about 1884 01:45:11.560 --> 01:45:14.039 what you do, worst thing about candy, worst thing about 1885 01:45:14.079 --> 01:45:16.479 researching it. There's got to be something that sucks about 1886 01:45:16.479 --> 01:45:16.880 your job. 1887 01:45:18.880 --> 01:45:21.720 There is nothing that sucks about it in terms of 1888 01:45:22.520 --> 01:45:25.439 what I do in telling people the stories, because they 1889 01:45:25.479 --> 01:45:28.960 love them, because it's about their lives, it's about their generations, 1890 01:45:29.039 --> 01:45:32.399 it's about happiness. It's like I'm giving them love. It 1891 01:45:32.560 --> 01:45:35.800 really matters. And when I go on my store, which 1892 01:45:35.880 --> 01:45:38.800 is Candy's from the very beginning of history, all the 1893 01:45:38.840 --> 01:45:41.520 way through the nineteen hundreds of the story on them 1894 01:45:41.840 --> 01:45:45.520 on the labels, they're really happy. And I can go 1895 01:45:45.600 --> 01:45:48.439 there and people are really happy, and it's so important 1896 01:45:48.439 --> 01:45:51.920 to me that we value happiness and we are happy 1897 01:45:51.960 --> 01:45:53.920 and that we're together. And then you want to talk 1898 01:45:53.960 --> 01:45:57.680 about how love sucks, it starts with happiness and it's care. 1899 01:45:57.840 --> 01:46:01.720 So I love that. The only thing I will say, 1900 01:46:01.800 --> 01:46:04.920 and you don't have to hear this that really sucks 1901 01:46:04.960 --> 01:46:09.159 about at y'all, is I really love telling these stories. 1902 01:46:09.760 --> 01:46:14.520 And I do so much media, and I often most 1903 01:46:14.560 --> 01:46:18.600 of the time get us really stupidal and it's like 1904 01:46:18.680 --> 01:46:22.840 you could just go to the Mars website and get there. 1905 01:46:23.279 --> 01:46:30.079 I mean, this is serious, important, dynamic, cultural, amazing, funny things. 1906 01:46:30.520 --> 01:46:34.760 So that and so that is why I will tell 1907 01:46:34.840 --> 01:46:40.439 you in all honesty I do. I do a lot 1908 01:46:40.439 --> 01:46:42.680 of me. Yeah, I will be on anything you do 1909 01:46:42.720 --> 01:46:43.520 at anytime. 1910 01:46:44.199 --> 01:46:44.920 You are great. 1911 01:46:46.119 --> 01:46:50.880 I dread interviews sometimes, but you know, sometimes there are 1912 01:46:50.880 --> 01:46:55.159 people now I just won't. I'm I'm busy, sorry, but 1913 01:46:55.159 --> 01:46:58.119 but I what I love to do is tell these 1914 01:46:58.159 --> 01:47:02.600 stories and share things. Mad to people. Having you interview 1915 01:47:02.680 --> 01:47:05.399 me in all honesty and me just me and you, 1916 01:47:05.840 --> 01:47:08.880 it's so madters to me because I can tell them 1917 01:47:08.960 --> 01:47:11.800 the interesting things and you don't know about and they 1918 01:47:11.800 --> 01:47:14.520 don't know about it, and I do know about and 1919 01:47:14.720 --> 01:47:17.840 an't the stories that are out there. What bitter gift 1920 01:47:17.960 --> 01:47:20.920 is there in your life and it makes people happy 1921 01:47:21.159 --> 01:47:24.600 and it makes sense and it honors the enslaved people 1922 01:47:24.640 --> 01:47:27.880 and it honors the immigrants, and it honors everybody. 1923 01:47:28.000 --> 01:47:31.399 Oh, getting your honor schedule was a really big deal 1924 01:47:31.439 --> 01:47:31.760 for us. 1925 01:47:31.960 --> 01:47:33.640 Well, it's some big deals for me too. 1926 01:47:34.000 --> 01:47:35.960 I would say, have a happy Halloween, but have a 1927 01:47:36.079 --> 01:47:37.600 quiet Halloween. 1928 01:47:38.640 --> 01:47:41.279 I'll have a delicious Halloween. I'm going to a good restaurant. 1929 01:47:43.920 --> 01:47:47.840 So ask sweet people serious questions about the things that 1930 01:47:47.880 --> 01:47:51.000 are right under your nose or in your purse or 1931 01:47:51.039 --> 01:47:54.560 in your mouth. Because the candy isle, it's never been 1932 01:47:54.600 --> 01:47:58.439 so nuanced and historical, the gossip, the gossip in it. 1933 01:47:59.039 --> 01:47:59.479 I love it. 1934 01:47:59.520 --> 01:48:01.920 If you have a favorite candy that we didn't cover, honestly, 1935 01:48:02.000 --> 01:48:04.560 just start googling it because chances are it's got a 1936 01:48:04.600 --> 01:48:07.359 wacky backstory. So thank you to Susan Benjamin for being 1937 01:48:07.399 --> 01:48:10.479 on and again. Her historic candy company is True Treats. 1938 01:48:10.760 --> 01:48:12.640 It's linked in the show notes, or you can stop 1939 01:48:12.640 --> 01:48:15.720 by the store in Harper's Ferry, Virginia. Her latest book 1940 01:48:15.840 --> 01:48:19.319 is Fun Foods of America, Outrageous to lights, celebrated brands 1941 01:48:19.319 --> 01:48:21.600 and iconic recipes, linked in the show notes. 1942 01:48:21.680 --> 01:48:22.680 All her books are great. 1943 01:48:22.920 --> 01:48:26.439 A donation went to the Animal Welfare Society of Jefferson County, 1944 01:48:26.720 --> 01:48:29.279 also linked in the show notes and hello to all 1945 01:48:29.279 --> 01:48:31.680 the little babies there. Let me know if someone gets 1946 01:48:31.720 --> 01:48:34.680 gravy train or another animal that is waiting for you 1947 01:48:34.760 --> 01:48:37.039 to love it. We are at Ologies on Twitter and 1948 01:48:37.199 --> 01:48:39.960 x and I'm at ali Ward on both Smologies is 1949 01:48:39.960 --> 01:48:43.199 our spinoff show that is all ages and classroom friendly. 1950 01:48:43.479 --> 01:48:45.600 You can find it with a new green logo wherever 1951 01:48:45.640 --> 01:48:49.039 you get podcasts. That was made by Portland artist Bonnie 1952 01:48:49.079 --> 01:48:53.039 Dunch who designed that, and Aaron Talbert admins Theologies podcast 1953 01:48:53.119 --> 01:48:56.319 Facebook group. Thank you to scheduling producer and sugar Plum 1954 01:48:56.399 --> 01:48:59.960 Fairy herself, Noel Dilworth, our managing director who also helped 1955 01:49:00.119 --> 01:49:03.000 a ton with research. Is the wonderful Susan Hale. 1956 01:49:03.239 --> 01:49:03.640 Kelly R. 1957 01:49:03.680 --> 01:49:06.640 Dwyer does the website and can do yours. Aveline Malick 1958 01:49:06.760 --> 01:49:09.960 makes our professional transcripts. Jake Chafee is an editor who 1959 01:49:10.000 --> 01:49:13.079 just sweetens our mix and our every days. And lead 1960 01:49:13.279 --> 01:49:16.439 editor who confects the episodes together is Mercedes Maitland of 1961 01:49:16.479 --> 01:49:19.439 Maitland Audio. Nick Thorburn wrote the music And if you 1962 01:49:19.439 --> 01:49:21.199 stick around to the end, I tell you a secret. 1963 01:49:21.199 --> 01:49:24.039 And So I've been sick on the couch for many days, 1964 01:49:24.079 --> 01:49:26.079 like four or five days working on this, and in 1965 01:49:26.119 --> 01:49:29.479 the background to keep me company, I've had season ten 1966 01:49:29.720 --> 01:49:33.319 of The Survivalist Show alone on Netflix in the background, 1967 01:49:33.680 --> 01:49:38.039 and right as I was researching clips of Charlie Chaplin 1968 01:49:38.159 --> 01:49:43.119 eating the boot cad on a loan. He's a twenty 1969 01:49:43.159 --> 01:49:47.159 seven year old survivalist from Wyoming, is starving as you 1970 01:49:47.239 --> 01:49:50.560 do in the winter in Saskatchewan with no food, so 1971 01:49:51.079 --> 01:49:53.439 Caid decides he's going to boil a chunk of his 1972 01:49:53.600 --> 01:49:56.880 leather belt to eat. I feel like at that time 1973 01:49:57.079 --> 01:50:00.920 Caid would have killed for an actual grish boot. Well, 1974 01:50:00.920 --> 01:50:03.760 he would have killed any animal just to eat the animal. 1975 01:50:03.800 --> 01:50:07.319 But yeah, what kismet? Watching Charlie Chaplin eat a shoe 1976 01:50:07.560 --> 01:50:09.800 at the exact same moment another guy has tried to 1977 01:50:09.880 --> 01:50:12.760 chew his belt. I'm just gonna stick to soup and 1978 01:50:13.199 --> 01:50:16.000 a lot of recollas that's my next meal, Okay for 1979 01:50:16.119 --> 01:50:29.479 by Hacadermatology, Homeology, r doo, zoology, lithology, new zeroonology, meteorology, partology, apology, seiology, selology. 1980 01:50:36.359 --> 01:50:40.560 We are the music makers and we are the dreamers 1981 01:50:40.560 --> 01:50:41.279 of dreams. 1982 01:50:42.880 --> 01:50:47.760 Virgin Media broadband is smooth. How smooth you ask? Well, 1983 01:50:47.960 --> 01:50:49.960 imagine you're a big old War Rush soup. 1984 01:50:50.199 --> 01:50:53.920 And rather than lumbering around a glacier avoiding polar bears, 1985 01:50:54.119 --> 01:50:59.159 you're on a lake, driving the speedboat three thousand kilos 1986 01:50:59.199 --> 01:51:03.479 of mollusking magnificence, feeling the wind in your whiskers and 1987 01:51:03.560 --> 01:51:08.039 the sun on your big blubbery face. That's the kind 1988 01:51:08.079 --> 01:51:11.000 of smoothness you feel. With ninety nine point nine percent 1989 01:51:11.159 --> 01:51:19.000 broadband reliability available nationwide Virgin Media, It's playtime subject to availability. 1990 01:51:19.079 --> 01:51:21.760 TDNC supply for broadband reliability to Virgin Media dot i 1991 01:51:21.840 --> 01:51:22.760 E Forward slash proof. 1992 01:51:23.000 --> 01:51:27.159 The atoma got bugger onlu the haartanir, the holla, the 1993 01:51:27.319 --> 01:51:31.720 hayman a heckl ah erswin it where auras lonce ledani 1994 01:51:32.279 --> 01:51:36.159 the tain nudov shood will kill nagatarhu la Hula's humperodes 1995 01:51:36.239 --> 01:51:41.960 on uderas ors lance is phaserlatgun's throw, Tasha tapa siranashka 1996 01:51:42.039 --> 01:51:47.039 agus nyavri and rafad is fugu more telrik h I. 1997 01:51:47.159 --> 01:51:51.199 A punk ie is called vilala a on tudoros ourgras lonce. 1998 01:51:51.279 --> 01:51:52.319 If we walt this na heron