WEBVTT

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Bedtime Astronomy. Explore the wonders of the cosmos

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<v Speaker 1>with our soothing Bedtime Astronomy podcast. Each episode offers a

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<v Speaker 1>gentle journey through the stars, planets, and beyond, perfect for

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<v Speaker 1>unwinding after a long day. Let's travel through the mysteries

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<v Speaker 1>of the universe as you drift off into a peaceful

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<v Speaker 1>slumber under the night sky. Trappist One unlocking the secrets

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<v Speaker 1>of alien worlds. The Trappist One system, located approximately thirty

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<v Speaker 1>nine light years away in the constellation Aquarius, stands as

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<v Speaker 1>one of the most significant discoveries in the realm of

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<v Speaker 1>modern astronomy. Named after the transiting planets and planetesimal small

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<v Speaker 1>telescope trappist in Chile, which initially detected the first three

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<v Speaker 1>planets within the system, one has captured the imagination of

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<v Speaker 1>both scientists and the general public with its potential to

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<v Speaker 1>host habitable worlds. This compact system consists of an ultra

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<v Speaker 1>cool dwarf star and at least seven Earth sized planets,

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<v Speaker 1>baking it an ideal target for in depth studies of

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<v Speaker 1>exoplanets and the conditions necessary for life. Bicentral star trappest

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<v Speaker 1>One is markedly smaller and cooler than our Sun. Classified

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<v Speaker 1>as ann eight type red dwarf, it boasts only about

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<v Speaker 1>eight percent of the Sun's mass and eleven percent of

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<v Speaker 1>its radius. Despite its small size, trappest One's gravitational influence

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<v Speaker 1>is substantial enough to maintain seven tightly packed planets in

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<v Speaker 1>close orbits. The star's relatively cool temperature results in a

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<v Speaker 1>habitable zone that is much closer to the star are

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<v Speaker 1>compared to our Solar system. This close proximity produces a

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<v Speaker 1>highly compact system where all seven planets have orbital periods

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<v Speaker 1>ranging from just one point five to twelve point four days.

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<v Speaker 1>The discovery of the Trappist One planets was a gradual,

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<v Speaker 1>meticulous process that began with the detection of the first

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<v Speaker 1>three planets in twenty sixteen using the Trappist telescope. This

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<v Speaker 1>initial finding spurred further observations with more advanced instruments, including

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<v Speaker 1>the Spitzer Space Telescope, which confirmed the existence of four

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<v Speaker 1>additional planets in twenty seventeen. These discoveries were made using

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<v Speaker 1>the transit method, which involves monitoring the star's brightness for

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<v Speaker 1>periodic dips caused by planets passing in front of it.

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<v Speaker 1>The regularity of these transits enabled to sh astronomers to

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<v Speaker 1>determine the sizes, masses, and orbital periods of the planets

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<v Speaker 1>with remarkable precision. The seven planets in the trappest One

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<v Speaker 1>system are designated trappest One, B, C, D, E, F, G,

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<v Speaker 1>and H according to their distance from the star. They

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<v Speaker 1>vary in size, ranging from slightly smaller to slightly larger

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<v Speaker 1>than Earth. One of the most compelling aspects of this

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<v Speaker 1>system is that three of the planets, trappest One, E, F,

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<v Speaker 1>and G are situated within the star's habitable zone, where

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<v Speaker 1>conditions might allow liquid water to exist on their surfaces.

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<v Speaker 1>Dispositioning makes trappest One one of the most promising places

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<v Speaker 1>to search for signs of habitability and potentially even life

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<v Speaker 1>beyond our Solar system. The trappest One planets are believed

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<v Speaker 1>to be rocky akin to Earth based on their sizes

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<v Speaker 1>and densities. The densities of the planets have been measured

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<v Speaker 1>through a combination of transit observations and radial velocity measurements,

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<v Speaker 1>which detect the gravitational influence of the planets on the star.

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<v Speaker 1>The data suggests that these planets have compositions that could

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<v Speaker 1>include water, either in the form of liquid oceans or

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<v Speaker 1>thick ice layers. This possibility has profound implications for their

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<v Speaker 1>potential habitability, as water is a critical ingredient for life

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<v Speaker 1>as we know it. The compact nature of the trappist

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<v Speaker 1>One system means that the planets experience significant gravitational interactions

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<v Speaker 1>with one another, leading to tidal forces that can affect

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<v Speaker 1>their rotation and internal heating. Iidle locking is expected to

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<v Speaker 1>be common in this system, meaning that each planet always

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<v Speaker 1>shows the same face to the star, similar to how

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<v Speaker 1>the Moon always shows the same face to Earth. This

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<v Speaker 1>could result in extreme temperature differences between the day and

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<v Speaker 1>night sides of the planets, potentially influencing their climates and habitability.

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<v Speaker 1>Despite the challenges posed by tidal locking, theoretical models suggest

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<v Speaker 1>that the trappest One planets could still be habitable. If

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<v Speaker 1>the planets have substantial atmospheres, heat could be distributed more

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<v Speaker 1>evenly around the planet, mitigating temperature extremes. Additionally, the presence

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<v Speaker 1>of oceans could help to transport heat through currents, further

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<v Speaker 1>stabilizing the climate. The composition of the planet's atmospheres will

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<v Speaker 1>play a crucial role in determining their habitability. Greenhouse gases

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<v Speaker 1>such as carbon dioxide and water vapor could help to

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<v Speaker 1>retain heat and create more temperate conditions. The study of

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<v Speaker 1>the Trappist I system has been a focal point for

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<v Speaker 1>astronomers using both ground based and space based telescopes. The

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<v Speaker 1>Hubble Space Telescope has conducted observations to search for atmospheres

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<v Speaker 1>around the planets, particularly focusing on the potential presence of hydrogen,

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<v Speaker 1>which could indicate a primordial atmosphere. While initial results have

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<v Speaker 1>not detected extensive hydrogen atmospheres, they have ruled out certain

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<v Speaker 1>types of thick hydrogenominated atmospheres, suggesting that the planets may

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<v Speaker 1>have more Earth like atmospheres. The James Web Space Telescope

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<v Speaker 1>JWST has provided significant insights into the Trappist One System,

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<v Speaker 1>a collection of seven Earth sized exoplanets orbiting an ultracol

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<v Speaker 1>dwarf star about thirty nine light years away. JWST's advanced

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<v Speaker 1>instruments have enabled astronomers to probe the atmospheres and surface

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<v Speaker 1>conditions of these intriguing worlds with unprecedented precision. One of

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<v Speaker 1>the key discoveries involves Trappist One B, the innermost planet.

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<v Speaker 1>JWST used its mid infrared instrument MIRI to perform secondary

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<v Speaker 1>eclipse photometry, a technique that measures the drop in light

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<v Speaker 1>as the planet moves behind its star. This allows scientists

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<v Speaker 1>to calculate the planet's temperature in indirectly its atmospheric composition.

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<v Speaker 1>The observation suggest that Trappist one B has a temperature

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<v Speaker 1>of a round five hundred kelvins about two hundred and

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<v Speaker 1>twenty seven degrees celsius, indicating it as a bare rocky

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<v Speaker 1>surface with no significant atmosphere to distribute heat from the

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<v Speaker 1>day side to the night side. This lack of a

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<v Speaker 1>thick atmosphere suggests that Trappist one BE may not be

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<v Speaker 1>able to support life as we know it. Similarly, Trappist

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<v Speaker 1>one Sea, another planet in the system, has shown signs

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<v Speaker 1>of either a very thin atmosphere or none at all.

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<v Speaker 1>JWST's observations revealed that Trappist One Sea lacks the expected

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<v Speaker 1>infrared absorption that would indicate the presence of carbon dioxide,

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<v Speaker 1>suggesting it is likely a bare rock with a minimal

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<v Speaker 1>or non existent atmosphere. This finding is crucial as it

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<v Speaker 1>challenges previous assumptions that planets in such close orbits around

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<v Speaker 1>their star could retain substantial atmospheres. These discoveries underscore the

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<v Speaker 1>harsh conditions faced by planets orbiting red dwarfs like Trappist One.

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<v Speaker 1>Red dwarfs emit intense ultraviolet and X ray radiation, which

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<v Speaker 1>can strip away planetary atmospheres, making it difficult for these

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<v Speaker 1>worlds to maintain environments conducive to life. The JWST's ability

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<v Speaker 1>to detect and analyze such fine details in exoplanetary systems

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<v Speaker 1>marks a significant leap forward in our understanding of planetary

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<v Speaker 1>formation and habitability in the universe. The discovery of the

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<v Speaker 1>trappist I system has sparked a wave of research and exploration,

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<v Speaker 1>inspiring scientists to develop new models and theories to understand

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<v Speaker 1>these distant worlds. The system serves as a natural laboratory

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<v Speaker 1>for study planetary formation and evolution in compact systems, providing

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<v Speaker 1>a unique opportunity to test and refine our understanding of

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<v Speaker 1>how planets form and evolve around low mass stars. The

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<v Speaker 1>insights gained from studying Trappist One will inform our broader

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<v Speaker 1>understanding of exoplanetary systems and the conditions necessary for habitability.

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<v Speaker 1>The potential habitability of the trappest One planets has profound

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<v Speaker 1>implications for the search for life beyond Earth. The fact

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<v Speaker 1>that multiple Earth sized planets exist within the habitable zone

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<v Speaker 1>of a single star suggests that such systems could be

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<v Speaker 1>common in the galaxy. If planets like those in the

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<v Speaker 1>Trappiest One system are prevalent, it would significantly increase the

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<v Speaker 1>likelihood of finding other habitable worlds and potentially even life

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<v Speaker 1>elsewhere in the universe. The public's fascination with the Trappist

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<v Speaker 1>One System reflects a broader curiosity about our place in

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<v Speaker 1>the cosmos and the possibility of life beyond our solar system.

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<v Speaker 1>The discovery of these distant worlds has captured the imagination

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<v Speaker 1>of people around the world, prompting a renewed interest in

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<v Speaker 1>space exploration. In the search for exoplanets, the trappist One

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<v Speaker 1>System has become a symbol of the potential for discovery

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<v Speaker 1>and the excitement of exploring the unknown. In conclusion, the

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<v Speaker 1>trappist One System represents a milestone in the field of

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<v Speaker 1>exoplanet research. Its unique configuration, with seven Earth sized planets

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<v Speaker 1>in close orbits around an ultracol dwarf star, offers a

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<v Speaker 1>wealth of opportunities to study planetary formation evolution and habitability.

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<v Speaker 1>The discovery of multiple potentially habitable planets within a single

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<v Speaker 1>system has profound implications for our understanding of the universe

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<v Speaker 1>and the search for life beyond Earth. Betrappest One System,

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<v Speaker 1>with its intriguing planets, symbolizes the spirit of exploration and

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<v Speaker 1>the pursuit of knowledge that drives us to look beyond

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<v Speaker 1>our own world and seek our place in the vast

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<v Speaker 1>universe to be