WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.640 --> 00:00:05.120 Section fourteen of the grochy Marius and Sulla by A. H. Beasley. 2 00:00:05.559 --> 00:00:10.560 This librevox recording is in the public domain. Read by Pamelinagami, 3 00:00:10.919 --> 00:00:16.760 Chapter twelve Sullah in Greece and Asia. A citizen of 4 00:00:16.800 --> 00:00:21.039 Athens named Eurysthion, whose mother was an Egyptian slave, and 5 00:00:21.120 --> 00:00:24.000 who was the son or adopted son of one Athenian, 6 00:00:24.559 --> 00:00:28.039 had been sent by the Athenians as ambassador to Mithridates. 7 00:00:28.879 --> 00:00:32.200 He had been a schoolmaster and teacher of rhetoric, and 8 00:00:32.320 --> 00:00:36.520 professed the philosophy of Epicurus. He gained the ear of 9 00:00:36.560 --> 00:00:40.840 Mithridates and sent home flaming accounts of the king's power 10 00:00:41.240 --> 00:00:44.640 and of his intention of restoring the democracy at Athens. 11 00:00:45.679 --> 00:00:48.399 The Athenians sent some ships of war to bring him 12 00:00:48.439 --> 00:00:52.280 home from Eubea, with a present of a silver footed litter, 13 00:00:52.799 --> 00:00:55.840 and in this clothed in purple, and with a fine 14 00:00:55.920 --> 00:00:59.079 ring on his finger, which he had got, probably from 15 00:00:59.079 --> 00:01:02.479 his friend Mithriti Dedes. He came back to Athens with 16 00:01:02.640 --> 00:01:06.439 much parade. In a set speech, he dilated on the 17 00:01:06.519 --> 00:01:10.959 king's splendid successes and advised the people to declare themselves 18 00:01:10.959 --> 00:01:15.519 independent and elect him their general. They did so, and 19 00:01:15.640 --> 00:01:19.159 he very soon massacred his opponents and made himself despot. 20 00:01:19.760 --> 00:01:23.719 Thus Athens and the Piraeus passed into the hands of Mithridates. 21 00:01:25.000 --> 00:01:29.680 The spirit of disaffection to Rome spread rapidly when Archelaus 22 00:01:29.959 --> 00:01:35.879 Reader's note Greek Archelaus appeared in Greece. The Achaeans, Laconians 23 00:01:35.879 --> 00:01:39.959 and Botians, with the exception of THESPII, joined him, while 24 00:01:39.959 --> 00:01:43.560 the Pontic fleet seized Ubea and Demetrius, a town at 25 00:01:43.560 --> 00:01:47.280 the head of the Gulf of Pegasi. Surro was sent 26 00:01:47.400 --> 00:01:50.560 by the Roman governor of Macedonia to make head against 27 00:01:50.599 --> 00:01:55.040 the invaders. He won a naval battle and captured Sciathus, 28 00:01:55.319 --> 00:01:58.760 where all the spoils of the enemy were stored. Then 29 00:01:58.879 --> 00:02:01.920 he marched into BeO Osia, and after a three days 30 00:02:02.000 --> 00:02:06.519 engagement with the combined forces of Archilaus and Aristion, pushed 31 00:02:06.640 --> 00:02:10.560 Archilaus back to the coast. The war perhaps might have 32 00:02:10.599 --> 00:02:14.639 been ended here, but at this moment Leucullus came to 33 00:02:14.719 --> 00:02:18.159 announce the approach of Sullah and to warn Sura that 34 00:02:18.240 --> 00:02:22.599 the war had been entrusted to him. So Sura retired 35 00:02:22.599 --> 00:02:27.000 to Macedonia. Sullah had left Brundusium in eighty seven, and 36 00:02:27.120 --> 00:02:30.280 landing on the coast of Epirus, gathered what supplies he 37 00:02:30.360 --> 00:02:34.759 could from Aetolia and Thessaly, and marched straight for Athens. 38 00:02:35.759 --> 00:02:38.719 It was soon seen that the foundations of the empire 39 00:02:38.800 --> 00:02:43.919 of Mithridates was based on sand. The Beeotians at once submitted, 40 00:02:44.360 --> 00:02:48.360 including Thebes, which had joined the king. Cellah then began 41 00:02:48.439 --> 00:02:52.639 two sieges, that of the Pyraeus, where Archilaus was, and 42 00:02:52.719 --> 00:02:57.680 that of Athens, defended by Aristian. Archilaus had before shown 43 00:02:57.800 --> 00:03:02.800 himself an intrepid soldier, and he baffled all Sullah's efforts 44 00:03:02.840 --> 00:03:08.000 with equal ingenuity and courage. After an unsuccessful attempt to 45 00:03:08.080 --> 00:03:12.639 storm the walls, Sulla retired to Eleusis and Megara, thus 46 00:03:12.759 --> 00:03:16.479 keeping up his communications with Thebes and the Peloponnese, and 47 00:03:16.599 --> 00:03:20.800 set to work constructing catapults and other engines and preparing 48 00:03:20.840 --> 00:03:23.360 an earthwork from which he meant to attack the wall 49 00:03:23.400 --> 00:03:27.159 with them. For these purposes he cut down the trees 50 00:03:27.199 --> 00:03:31.639 of the Academia and Lyceum. He was kept informed of 51 00:03:31.680 --> 00:03:35.560 intended sallies by two slaves inside the town, who threw 52 00:03:35.639 --> 00:03:39.199 down leaden balls with words cut on them. But as 53 00:03:39.280 --> 00:03:43.159 fast as the earthwork rose, Archilaus built towers on the 54 00:03:43.240 --> 00:03:48.159 walls opposite to it, and thus harassed the besiegers. He 55 00:03:48.280 --> 00:03:52.479 was also reinforced by Mithridates, and then came out and 56 00:03:52.599 --> 00:03:56.039 fought a battle which was for some time doubtful, but 57 00:03:56.159 --> 00:03:59.080 he was forced to retire at length with the loss 58 00:03:59.120 --> 00:04:03.080 of two thousand men. He himself remained till the last 59 00:04:03.680 --> 00:04:06.199 the gates were shut, and he had to be drawn 60 00:04:06.280 --> 00:04:10.520 up by a rope over the wall. The affairs of Selah, however, 61 00:04:10.560 --> 00:04:14.159 were in no flourishing condition. He had come to Greece 62 00:04:14.240 --> 00:04:18.720 with only thirty thousand men, with no fleet and little money. 63 00:04:19.600 --> 00:04:23.079 He was forced to plunder the shrines of Epidorus, Olympia 64 00:04:23.160 --> 00:04:27.439 and Delphi. His messenger to Delphi came back saying that 65 00:04:27.560 --> 00:04:29.639 he had heard the sound of a lute in the 66 00:04:29.720 --> 00:04:34.439 temple and dared not commit the sacrilege. But Selah sent 67 00:04:34.519 --> 00:04:37.040 him back saying that he was sure the sound was 68 00:04:37.079 --> 00:04:39.879 a note of welcome, and that the god meant him 69 00:04:39.920 --> 00:04:43.319 to have the treasure. He promised to pay it back 70 00:04:43.360 --> 00:04:47.199 some day, and he kept his word, for he confiscated 71 00:04:47.360 --> 00:04:50.759 half the land of Thebes and applied the proceeds to 72 00:04:50.879 --> 00:04:55.480 reimbursing the sacred funds in his worst straits, he was 73 00:04:55.519 --> 00:04:59.920 always ready with some such mockery. Winter was now at hand, 74 00:05:00.360 --> 00:05:04.560 and Sullah dispatched Lucullus to Egypt to get ships. The 75 00:05:04.600 --> 00:05:07.480 refusal of the king of Egypt shows what was now 76 00:05:07.560 --> 00:05:11.040 thought of the Roman power. Sellah then formed a camp 77 00:05:11.079 --> 00:05:14.399 at Eleusis and continued the siege, and so shook the 78 00:05:14.439 --> 00:05:18.519 great tower of Archilaus by a simultaneous discharge of twelve 79 00:05:18.639 --> 00:05:21.639 leaden balls from his catapults, that it had to be 80 00:05:21.720 --> 00:05:25.519 drawn back by means of the two slaves. He was 81 00:05:25.560 --> 00:05:28.759 also able to frustrate the attempts of Archilaus to throw 82 00:05:28.879 --> 00:05:33.240 supplies into Athens, which was now suffering from hunger, for 83 00:05:33.480 --> 00:05:36.759 Sullah had surrounded it with forts and turned the siege 84 00:05:36.759 --> 00:05:42.160 into a blockade. Mithridates now sent his son into Macedonia 85 00:05:42.199 --> 00:05:45.600 with an army, before which the small Roman force there 86 00:05:45.639 --> 00:05:51.000 had to retire. After this success, the prince marched toward Athens, 87 00:05:51.199 --> 00:05:55.399 but died on the way at the Pyrieus. Scenes occurred, 88 00:05:55.439 --> 00:06:00.000 which were afterwards repeated at the Siege of Jerusalem. Arcoles 89 00:06:00.040 --> 00:06:04.680 Lais undermined the earthwork, and solom made another determined attempt 90 00:06:04.759 --> 00:06:08.360 to take the wall by storm, he battered down part 91 00:06:08.399 --> 00:06:11.279 of it, fired the props of his mine, and so 92 00:06:11.439 --> 00:06:15.399 brought down more, and sent troops by relays to escalade 93 00:06:15.399 --> 00:06:20.279 the breach. But Archilaus, like the Plataeans in the Peloponnesian War, 94 00:06:20.800 --> 00:06:24.920 built an inner crescent shaped wall, from which they took 95 00:06:24.959 --> 00:06:27.920 the assailants in front and on both flanks when they 96 00:06:27.959 --> 00:06:32.839 tried to advance. At last, wearied by this dogged resistance, 97 00:06:33.279 --> 00:06:36.560 Sula turned the siege of the Pyrieus into a blockade, 98 00:06:36.879 --> 00:06:41.279 which meant simply that he hindered Archilaus from helping Athens, 99 00:06:41.639 --> 00:06:44.519 for he could not prevent the influx of supplies from 100 00:06:44.519 --> 00:06:49.800 the sea. Athens, meanwhile, was in dreadful straits. Wheat was 101 00:06:49.839 --> 00:06:53.199 selling at nearly three pounds ten shillings a gallon, and 102 00:06:53.279 --> 00:06:57.279 the inhabitants were feeding on old leather bottles, shoes, and 103 00:06:57.360 --> 00:07:01.279 the bodies of the dead. A deputation came out, but 104 00:07:01.439 --> 00:07:05.160 Sullah sent them back because they began and harangue on 105 00:07:05.240 --> 00:07:08.839 the deeds of their ancestors put into their moulice. No 106 00:07:08.959 --> 00:07:13.439 doubt by the rhetorician Aristian, Sullah told them they were 107 00:07:13.439 --> 00:07:17.319 the scum of nations, not descended from the old Athenians 108 00:07:17.360 --> 00:07:20.480 at all, and that instead of listening to their rhetoric, 109 00:07:20.720 --> 00:07:24.519 he meant to punish their rebellion. On the night of 110 00:07:24.639 --> 00:07:28.360 March first, eighty six b c. He broke into the 111 00:07:28.399 --> 00:07:31.079 town amid the blare of trumpets and the shouts of 112 00:07:31.120 --> 00:07:34.519 his troops. He told his men to give no quarter, 113 00:07:35.040 --> 00:07:37.279 and the blood, it was said, ran down through the 114 00:07:37.360 --> 00:07:42.279 gates into the suburbs. A Ristion fled to the acropolis. 115 00:07:42.439 --> 00:07:45.040 Hunger forced him, in the end to capitulate, and he 116 00:07:45.160 --> 00:07:49.399 was killed. Solo meanwhile, had forced on the siege of 117 00:07:49.480 --> 00:07:53.920 Pyrieus still more vigorously. He got past the crescent wall, 118 00:07:54.160 --> 00:07:58.519 only to find other walls similarly constructed behind it. But 119 00:07:58.639 --> 00:08:02.879 he gradually drove our Kleaeus into Munichia or the peninsular 120 00:08:02.920 --> 00:08:05.639 part of Piraeus, and as he had no ships, he 121 00:08:05.680 --> 00:08:09.680 could do nothing more. Either before or after the capture 122 00:08:09.720 --> 00:08:14.000 of the acropolis. Archelaus sailed away in obedience to his 123 00:08:14.040 --> 00:08:17.839 summons from Taxilis, a new general whom Mithridates had sent 124 00:08:17.920 --> 00:08:21.920 with an army of one hundred thousand foot, ten thousand 125 00:08:22.040 --> 00:08:27.480 horse and ninety scythed chariots into Greece with these forces 126 00:08:27.480 --> 00:08:31.240 and the troops previously sent with his master's son. He 127 00:08:31.360 --> 00:08:35.080 formed a junction at Thermopylae, marched into Phocus, down the 128 00:08:35.159 --> 00:08:38.960 valley of the Caphesus, attempted but failed to take Aletaea, 129 00:08:39.320 --> 00:08:43.440 and came up with Sulla near Chyronea. Sullah had marched 130 00:08:43.480 --> 00:08:47.360 into Baeotia and joined Hortensius, who had brought some troops 131 00:08:47.360 --> 00:08:50.440 from Thessaly, but he is said by Appian to have 132 00:08:50.480 --> 00:08:54.039 had not a third of the enemy's numbers, while Plutarch 133 00:08:54.120 --> 00:08:58.000 affirms that he had only fifteen thousand foot and fifteen 134 00:08:58.080 --> 00:09:01.799 hundred horse. Sullah was on the west bank of the 135 00:09:01.879 --> 00:09:06.200 Capphaesus on an eminence named Philippiotis, and Archilaus on the 136 00:09:06.240 --> 00:09:10.279 other side of the river not far off. Sulla's soldiers 137 00:09:10.320 --> 00:09:13.480 were alarmed by the numbers and splendors of the enemy, 138 00:09:13.919 --> 00:09:16.799 for the brass and steel of their armor kindled the 139 00:09:16.879 --> 00:09:21.320 air with an awful flame like that of lightning. Archilaus, 140 00:09:21.320 --> 00:09:24.120 marching down the valley of the Capphasus, tried to seize 141 00:09:24.159 --> 00:09:29.360 a strong position called the acropolis of the Peripotamie, situated 142 00:09:29.480 --> 00:09:32.480 on the assis, which joined the Capphasus to the south 143 00:09:32.519 --> 00:09:36.440 of both armies. But Cellah, who had wearied out his 144 00:09:36.559 --> 00:09:40.000 men by drudgery and dike making and made them eager 145 00:09:40.080 --> 00:09:44.279 for a fight, crossed the Capphaesus seized the position first, 146 00:09:44.679 --> 00:09:47.600 and then, crossing the asses, took up his position under 147 00:09:47.679 --> 00:09:52.879 Mount Adyllium. Here he encamped opposite Archilaus, who, having also 148 00:09:52.960 --> 00:09:55.600 crossed the ass was now at a place called Assia, 149 00:09:56.000 --> 00:10:00.440 which was near Lake Capius. Thence Archilaus made an temped 150 00:10:00.480 --> 00:10:04.519 on Chyronea, but Sullah was again beforehand with him and 151 00:10:04.639 --> 00:10:08.639 garrisoned the place with one legion. South of Chyrinea was 152 00:10:08.679 --> 00:10:13.600 a hill called Thurium. This Archilayus seized. Cellah then brought 153 00:10:13.600 --> 00:10:16.120 the rest of his troops across the Capphesus to form 154 00:10:16.159 --> 00:10:19.720 a junction with the legion in Chynea and dislodge the 155 00:10:19.840 --> 00:10:23.559 enemy from Thurium. He left Morena on the north of 156 00:10:23.600 --> 00:10:28.519 the Caphaesus to keep the enemy in check at Assia. Archilaius, however, 157 00:10:28.720 --> 00:10:32.519 also brought his main army across the Caphesus after Sullah. 158 00:10:33.480 --> 00:10:36.759 Morena followed him, and Sullah drew up his army with 159 00:10:36.840 --> 00:10:40.759 his cavalry on each wing, himself commanding the right and 160 00:10:40.919 --> 00:10:45.200 Marina the left. The armies were now opposite each other. 161 00:10:45.799 --> 00:10:51.679 Sulla to the south, then Archilaus, then the Caphesus. Selah 162 00:10:51.720 --> 00:10:55.200 sent some troops round Thurium, to the hills behind Chyronea 163 00:10:55.399 --> 00:10:59.240 and in the enemy's rear. The enemy ran down in 164 00:10:59.320 --> 00:11:02.720 confusion from Thurium, where they were met by Marina with 165 00:11:02.919 --> 00:11:06.720 Sollah's left wing, and were either destroyed or driven back 166 00:11:06.759 --> 00:11:09.759 into the center of the line of Archilaus, which they 167 00:11:09.840 --> 00:11:15.240 threw into disorder. Solah on the right advanced so quickly 168 00:11:15.279 --> 00:11:19.279 as to prevent the scythed chariots from getting any impetus 169 00:11:19.600 --> 00:11:23.639 by which they were rendered useless, for the soldiers easily 170 00:11:23.639 --> 00:11:26.600 eluded them when driven at a slow pace, and as 171 00:11:26.639 --> 00:11:29.639 soon as they had passed, killed the horses and drivers. 172 00:11:30.559 --> 00:11:35.960 Archilaus now extended his right wing in order to surround Marena. Hortensius, 173 00:11:36.080 --> 00:11:39.000 whom Sallah had posted on some hills to the left 174 00:11:39.080 --> 00:11:42.120 of his left wing on purpose to defeat this maneuver, 175 00:11:42.840 --> 00:11:46.639 immediately pressed forward to attack this body on its left flank, 176 00:11:47.480 --> 00:11:50.879 but Archelaus drove him back with some cavalry and nearly 177 00:11:50.919 --> 00:11:57.000 surrounded Hortensius. Selah hastened to his aid and Archilaus, seeing 178 00:11:57.120 --> 00:12:02.720 him coming, instantly countermarched and attacked Sulla's right in his absence, 179 00:12:03.120 --> 00:12:08.320 while Taxilies assailed Morena on the left, but Sullah hastened 180 00:12:08.399 --> 00:12:12.399 back to after leaving Hortensius to support Morena, and when 181 00:12:12.399 --> 00:12:16.440 he appeared, the right wing drove back Archilaus to the Caphesus. 182 00:12:17.360 --> 00:12:21.159 Morena was equally triumphant on the left wing, and the 183 00:12:21.200 --> 00:12:25.639 Barbarians fled Pellmell to the Caphesus, only ten thousand of 184 00:12:25.679 --> 00:12:30.799 them reaching Calcus in Eubea. Appian says the Romans lost 185 00:12:30.840 --> 00:12:35.240 only thirteen men, while Plutarch, on the authority of Sulla's memoirs, 186 00:12:35.320 --> 00:12:40.279 says that they lost four. This is absurd. Sulla seems 187 00:12:40.360 --> 00:12:44.279 to have told some startling lies in his memoirs, perhaps 188 00:12:44.320 --> 00:12:46.840 to prove that he had been the favorite of fortune, 189 00:12:47.159 --> 00:12:51.600 which was a mania of his Mithridates, when he heard 190 00:12:51.639 --> 00:12:55.080 of the defeat of Archilaus, sent Doroleus with eight thousand 191 00:12:55.120 --> 00:12:57.879 men to Eubea, where he joined the remnant of the 192 00:12:58.000 --> 00:13:01.639 army of Archilaus and crossed to the mainland. Met Sullah 193 00:13:01.720 --> 00:13:07.440 at Orcomenas. Sollah was in Phthiotis to confront Lucas Valerius Flaccus, 194 00:13:07.720 --> 00:13:11.360 who had come to supersede him, but he returned as 195 00:13:11.399 --> 00:13:15.279 soon as he heard that Doroleus had landed. Orcomenus is 196 00:13:15.480 --> 00:13:19.200 just north of the Caphaesus where it runs into Lake Capius, 197 00:13:19.240 --> 00:13:22.519 and a stream called Melus, rising on the east of 198 00:13:22.600 --> 00:13:27.120 Orcomenez joined the Capphaesus near its mouth. The neighboring ground 199 00:13:27.240 --> 00:13:31.639 being a marsh Archilus did not want to fight, but 200 00:13:31.720 --> 00:13:35.919 Doroleus hinted at treachery, and had no doubt been ordered 201 00:13:35.919 --> 00:13:41.879 by Mithridates to avenge Chyrenaea near Mount Tilfossium. However, to 202 00:13:41.919 --> 00:13:44.919 the south of Lake Capius, he was worsted by Sullah 203 00:13:44.919 --> 00:13:48.840 in a skirmish, and, thinking better of the advice of Archilaus, 204 00:13:49.000 --> 00:13:53.080 tried to prolong the war. Archilaus indeed seems to have 205 00:13:53.159 --> 00:13:56.960 commanded in the battle, for Mithridates was shrewd enough to 206 00:13:57.080 --> 00:14:00.399 know when he had a good general. He drew up 207 00:14:00.440 --> 00:14:04.039 his army in four lines, the scythed chariots in front, 208 00:14:04.600 --> 00:14:11.159 behind them the Macedonian phalanx, then his auxiliaries, including Italian deserters, 209 00:14:11.679 --> 00:14:16.240 and lastly his light armed troops. On each flank. He 210 00:14:16.320 --> 00:14:21.240 posted his cavalry Sullah, who was weak in cavalry, dug 211 00:14:21.320 --> 00:14:25.600 two ditches guarded by forts, one on each flank, so 212 00:14:25.639 --> 00:14:29.480 as to keep off the enemy's horse. Then he drew 213 00:14:29.600 --> 00:14:32.519 up his infantry in three lines, leaving gaps in them 214 00:14:32.559 --> 00:14:35.200 for the light troops and cavalry to come through from 215 00:14:35.200 --> 00:14:38.559 the rear. When kneaded to the second line, stakes were 216 00:14:38.600 --> 00:14:40.840 given with orders to plant them so as to form 217 00:14:40.919 --> 00:14:44.559 a palisade, and the first line, when the chariots charged, 218 00:14:44.919 --> 00:14:49.399 retired behind the palisade, while the light troops advanced through 219 00:14:49.440 --> 00:14:53.200 the gaps and hurled missiles at the horses and drivers. 220 00:14:54.240 --> 00:14:58.399 The chariots turned and threw the phalanx into confusion, and 221 00:14:58.440 --> 00:15:02.440 when Archelaus ordered up his cavalry, Sullah sent round his 222 00:15:02.879 --> 00:15:06.519 to take them in the rear. At one time, however, 223 00:15:06.600 --> 00:15:10.879 the contest was doubtful, and the Romans wavered till they 224 00:15:10.919 --> 00:15:14.159 were put to shame by their general, who, seizing a 225 00:15:14.279 --> 00:15:18.200 standard and advancing toward the foe, cried out. When those 226 00:15:18.279 --> 00:15:21.879 at home asked where it was you abandoned your leader, 227 00:15:22.399 --> 00:15:27.000 say it was at Orclemens. This great victory, in which 228 00:15:27.159 --> 00:15:31.080 Salah showed generalship of a high order, ended the First 229 00:15:31.240 --> 00:15:35.639 Mithridateic War. The date is not quite certain. Probably it 230 00:15:35.720 --> 00:15:40.840 happened in eighty six. After the battle, Sullah wintered in Thessaly, 231 00:15:41.159 --> 00:15:46.120 where he built a fleet, being tired of waiting for Lucullus. 232 00:15:46.159 --> 00:15:50.759 At Delhiam, he met Archilaus and each urged the other 233 00:15:50.879 --> 00:15:55.919 to turn traitor. Archilaus promising that Mithridates would aid Selah 234 00:15:56.000 --> 00:16:02.039 against Sinna Sellah advising Archilaius to dethrow Mithridates. It was 235 00:16:02.159 --> 00:16:05.360 a curious way of showing the respect which they entertained 236 00:16:05.399 --> 00:16:09.279 for each other's ability. But Sullah was too scornful of 237 00:16:09.320 --> 00:16:15.879 Asiatic aid, and Archilaus too loyal to listen to such suggestions. However, 238 00:16:15.919 --> 00:16:20.320 when Archilaius fell ill afterwards, Sullah was so attentive to him, 239 00:16:20.879 --> 00:16:24.519 besides giving him land and Ubia and styling him friend 240 00:16:24.600 --> 00:16:28.039 of the Roman people, that it was suspected that Archelaus 241 00:16:28.120 --> 00:16:31.559 had been playing into his hands all along. It was 242 00:16:31.639 --> 00:16:36.919 a most unlikely suspicion, for nothing was more natural than that. Now, 243 00:16:37.320 --> 00:16:40.879 when Sullah was making terms with Mithridates and going to 244 00:16:40.919 --> 00:16:44.639 meet Fimbria, he should wish to make Archillais his friend, 245 00:16:45.679 --> 00:16:48.840 for after all, he had resolved to forget the Asiatic 246 00:16:48.960 --> 00:16:54.279 massacre and had not pushed Mithridates to desperation. The terms 247 00:16:54.320 --> 00:17:01.360 agreed upon were these. Mithridates was to surrender Cappadocia, Patholgo, Bithynia, 248 00:17:01.840 --> 00:17:05.720 Asia and the islands eighty ships of war, all prisoners 249 00:17:05.720 --> 00:17:09.119 and deserters. He was to give pay and provisions to 250 00:17:09.160 --> 00:17:12.640 Sulla's men, and provide a war indemnity of three thousand 251 00:17:12.759 --> 00:17:17.680 talents seven hundred thirty two thousand pounds, to restore to 252 00:17:17.720 --> 00:17:21.400 their homes the refugees from Macedonia and those whom, as 253 00:17:21.440 --> 00:17:24.960 will be related afterwards he had carried off from Kios, 254 00:17:25.000 --> 00:17:27.319 and to hand over more of his ships of war 255 00:17:27.440 --> 00:17:32.079 in such states as Rhodes. In alliance with Rome. Mithridates 256 00:17:32.240 --> 00:17:35.160 was then to be recognized as the ally of Rome. 257 00:17:36.319 --> 00:17:39.920 He chafed at the terms, the proposal of which indeed 258 00:17:39.960 --> 00:17:43.880 brought out the long headed intrepidity, of sullest character and 259 00:17:43.920 --> 00:17:48.359 the strongest light walking, as it were, on the razor 260 00:17:48.519 --> 00:17:53.119 edge of two precipices. He never faltered once. The Romans 261 00:17:53.160 --> 00:17:55.880 could not charge him with not having carried into effect 262 00:17:55.920 --> 00:18:00.240 the original purposes of the war, the restoration of Nicomaise 263 00:18:00.319 --> 00:18:04.599 and Ario Barzanis, nor could Mithridates fail in the end 264 00:18:04.680 --> 00:18:08.200 to listen to the voice of Archilaus when he at 265 00:18:08.240 --> 00:18:13.119 first rejected the terms. Sullah advanced toward Asia, plundering some 266 00:18:13.200 --> 00:18:16.880 of the barbarous tribes on the frontiers of Macedonia and 267 00:18:17.000 --> 00:18:22.200 reducing that province to order. But Mithridates did not hesitate long. 268 00:18:23.079 --> 00:18:26.839 He too was in a difficult position. The inhabitants of 269 00:18:26.880 --> 00:18:30.279 Asia Minor soon found that in yielding to him, they 270 00:18:30.440 --> 00:18:35.599 had exchanged whips for scorpions. He suspected that the defeat 271 00:18:35.599 --> 00:18:40.599 of Archilaus at Chynaea would excite rebellion, and he seized 272 00:18:40.640 --> 00:18:43.759 as many of the Galician chiefs as he could and 273 00:18:43.960 --> 00:18:48.400 slew them with their wives and children. The consequence was 274 00:18:48.440 --> 00:18:51.160 that the surviving chiefs expelled the man whom he had 275 00:18:51.200 --> 00:18:56.359 sent a satrap. He suspected the Kaians also and made 276 00:18:56.440 --> 00:18:59.400 them give up their arms and the children of their 277 00:18:59.480 --> 00:19:03.920 chief men as hostages. Then he made a requisition on 278 00:19:04.000 --> 00:19:07.920 them for two thousand talents four hundred and eighty eight 279 00:19:08.000 --> 00:19:11.680 thousand pounds, And because they could not raise the money, 280 00:19:12.160 --> 00:19:15.279 or because the tyrant pretended that there was a deficiency, 281 00:19:15.960 --> 00:19:18.559 the citizens were shipped off to the east of the 282 00:19:18.599 --> 00:19:23.640 Black Sea, and the island was occupied by colonists. The 283 00:19:23.720 --> 00:19:26.359 man who had managed the affair of Kios was sent 284 00:19:26.440 --> 00:19:29.599 to play the same game at Ephesus, but the people 285 00:19:29.640 --> 00:19:33.440 were on their guard, slew him and raised the standard 286 00:19:33.440 --> 00:19:39.559 of rebellion. Tarles, Hypaipa, Metropolis, Ardiss, Myrna and other towns 287 00:19:39.599 --> 00:19:44.799 followed their example. Mithridates tried to buoy up his sinking cause, 288 00:19:45.359 --> 00:19:49.559 attracting debtors by the remission of debts, resident aliens by 289 00:19:49.559 --> 00:19:52.640 the gift of the citizenship of the towns which they inhabited, 290 00:19:53.000 --> 00:19:56.759 and slaves by the promise of freedom. Devices of a 291 00:19:56.839 --> 00:20:00.680 desperate man. A plot was laid against the life which 292 00:20:00.759 --> 00:20:04.759 was betrayed, and in his fury he launched out into 293 00:20:04.839 --> 00:20:08.200 yet more savage excesses. He sent a set of men 294 00:20:08.240 --> 00:20:13.160 to collect depositions, and they slew indiscriminately those who were denounced. 295 00:20:13.559 --> 00:20:17.599 Sixteen hundred. It is set in all these events may 296 00:20:17.640 --> 00:20:19.880 have occurred in the winter of eighty six to eighty 297 00:20:19.920 --> 00:20:23.480 five BC, when Flaccus was on his march from the 298 00:20:23.519 --> 00:20:29.079 Adriatic coast through Macedonia and Thrace for Asia. Flaccus had 299 00:20:29.160 --> 00:20:35.440 quarreled with his lieutenant Fimbria and superseded him Fibria, when 300 00:20:35.440 --> 00:20:39.599 Flaccus had crossed from Byzantium to Chalcidon, induced the troops, 301 00:20:39.599 --> 00:20:44.200 who hated their general, to mutiny. Flaccus returned in haste, 302 00:20:44.599 --> 00:20:47.839 but learning what had happened, fled back to Chalcidon and 303 00:20:47.880 --> 00:20:52.720 thence to Nicomedia. Here Fibria, finding him hidden in a well, 304 00:20:53.119 --> 00:20:57.599 murdered him and threw his head into the sea. Then 305 00:20:57.680 --> 00:21:01.119 attacking the king's son, he feeded him at the river 306 00:21:01.240 --> 00:21:04.839 Rindacus and pursued the king himself to Pergamus and Petani, 307 00:21:05.160 --> 00:21:09.160 where he would have taken him, but that Mithridates crossed 308 00:21:09.200 --> 00:21:13.039 over to Midellini, while Fimbria had no ships, and was 309 00:21:13.160 --> 00:21:17.200 thus bulked of his prey. Another event had happened to 310 00:21:17.200 --> 00:21:22.440 aggravate his irritation. Lucullus, sent by Salah to collect a fleet, had, 311 00:21:22.599 --> 00:21:26.599 as has been related, failed in Egypt, but he had 312 00:21:26.640 --> 00:21:31.000 procured ships from Syria and Rhodes, induced Kas and Nidas 313 00:21:31.039 --> 00:21:35.039 to revolt, and driven out the Pontic partisans from Chios 314 00:21:35.039 --> 00:21:39.359 and Colophon. He was now in the neighborhood when Mithridates 315 00:21:39.480 --> 00:21:42.440 was at Pitani, but he turned a deaf ear to 316 00:21:42.559 --> 00:21:47.480 Fimbria's request for aid. And after defeating Neoptolemus, the king's 317 00:21:47.519 --> 00:21:52.400 admiral met Sulla in the Thracian Cursonese and conveyed him 318 00:21:52.400 --> 00:21:56.359 across to Dardanus in the troad, where Mithridates came to 319 00:21:56.400 --> 00:22:01.640 meet him. Each had one feeling in common, dread lest 320 00:22:01.680 --> 00:22:05.400 the others should make terms with Fimbria, and the bargain 321 00:22:05.519 --> 00:22:08.359 was soon struck in spite of Sullah's soldiers, who were 322 00:22:08.359 --> 00:22:12.200 thus after all, bulked of the long looked for Asiatic 323 00:22:12.319 --> 00:22:16.240 campaign and their desire to take revenge for the great massacre. 324 00:22:17.319 --> 00:22:20.079 But Sullah, as we have seen, got some money to 325 00:22:20.200 --> 00:22:23.319 quiet them, and they were in his power in Asia 326 00:22:23.920 --> 00:22:27.240 almost as much as he had been in theirs at Rome. 327 00:22:28.319 --> 00:22:31.079 He at once led them against Fimbria, who was near 328 00:22:31.200 --> 00:22:35.559 thy Retira in Lydia. He summoned that leader to hand 329 00:22:35.640 --> 00:22:39.160 over his army, and the soldiers began to desert to him. 330 00:22:40.119 --> 00:22:43.000 Fimbria tried to force them to swear obedience to him, 331 00:22:43.039 --> 00:22:46.440 and slew the first who refused. Then he sent a 332 00:22:46.480 --> 00:22:50.519 slave to assassinate Sullah, and the discovery of this attempt 333 00:22:50.759 --> 00:22:55.400 so maddened Sullah's soldiers that Fimbria dared not trust even 334 00:22:55.480 --> 00:23:01.440 Sullah's promised safe conduct and slew himself. Sullah incorporated his 335 00:23:01.559 --> 00:23:04.799 troops with his own army and proceeded to regulate the 336 00:23:04.839 --> 00:23:09.160 affairs of Asia. Those towns which had remained faithful to 337 00:23:09.279 --> 00:23:13.599 Rome or had sided with him were liberally rewarded. All 338 00:23:13.759 --> 00:23:17.279 slaves who refused to return to their masters were slain. 339 00:23:18.160 --> 00:23:21.599 The towns that resisted were punished and their walls destroyed. 340 00:23:22.519 --> 00:23:26.359 The ringleaders in the massacre were put to death. The 341 00:23:26.400 --> 00:23:29.920 taxpayers were forced to pay at once the previous five 342 00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.599 years arrears and a fine of twenty thousand talents four million, 343 00:23:34.799 --> 00:23:38.720 eight hundred and eighty thousand pounds, and Lucullus was left 344 00:23:38.759 --> 00:23:42.440 to collect it. In order to raise this sum, the 345 00:23:42.559 --> 00:23:46.519 unhappy Asiatics were obliged to mortgage their public buildings to 346 00:23:46.559 --> 00:23:50.359 the Italian money lenders. But Sullah got the whole of it, 347 00:23:50.799 --> 00:23:54.960 and scarcely was he gone when pirates, hounded on by 348 00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.200 Mithridates came like flocks of vultures to devour what the 349 00:23:59.319 --> 00:24:03.920 eagles had left. End of Section fourteen.