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<v Speaker 1>How's uh oh, have you been noticing how like our

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<v Speaker 1>government would fall apart if anybody wanted the role of

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<v Speaker 1>prime minister but nobody does.

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<v Speaker 2>Have you?

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<v Speaker 1>Are you aware of what's going on over here? I

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<v Speaker 1>guess that's a question.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean I saw like Keith getting he was like

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<v Speaker 2>trying to call I guess it was called a session

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<v Speaker 2>of Parliament together or something like that, and like like

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<v Speaker 2>he got booed and like people yet like, yeah, it

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<v Speaker 2>seems like he's the most cucked man in the world.

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<v Speaker 3>It is.

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<v Speaker 2>No one else wants the chair right now.

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<v Speaker 1>That's basically it. Yeah, so like what happened because we

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<v Speaker 1>talked about it before, you know, there was the guy

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<v Speaker 1>Peter Mandelsson, who was one of Jeffrey Eveseen's close personal

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<v Speaker 1>friends that kir Starmer appointed to the ambassadorship of America anyway,

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<v Speaker 1>so you know, and then that was a bad idea

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<v Speaker 1>in and of itself. We can all agree on that.

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<v Speaker 1>We can all agree on that. But then also like

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<v Speaker 1>then everyone suddenly noticed that he was like good friends

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<v Speaker 1>with Jeffrey Epstein, Like when the Trump administration did that,

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<v Speaker 1>like latest Epstein league, everybody knew already every leftist in

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<v Speaker 1>the UK had this picture of Peter Mendelssohn belt shopping

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<v Speaker 1>with Jeffrey Epstein like saved on their phone. Okay, so

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<v Speaker 1>we all knew anyway, but then suddenly everybody noticed. And

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<v Speaker 1>then anyway, it's like come out more recently that when

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<v Speaker 1>he was put into the position, he failed his like

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<v Speaker 1>security clearance check. But they were like, but you know

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<v Speaker 1>he was put forward anyway, Cures Starmer's line about this,

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<v Speaker 1>and he said this in Parliament, which is the big deal,

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<v Speaker 1>is that he hadn't known that Peter Mendelssohn had failed

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<v Speaker 1>his security clearance and his line last week was that

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<v Speaker 1>he learned about it on Tuesday. But the thing about it, it

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<v Speaker 1>was that story had actually broken already in September, and

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<v Speaker 1>it's just kind of like no one had like pointed out.

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<v Speaker 1>And also it doesn't make any fucking sense, right, So anyway,

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<v Speaker 1>he fires the head of like a long standing civil

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<v Speaker 1>servant who was like the head of the Office of

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<v Speaker 1>Florid Affairs because he's like, you should have told me.

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<v Speaker 1>I didn't know this. And the guy then got called

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<v Speaker 1>before like to testify about this and was like, well,

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<v Speaker 1>here's the thing. They announced that he was the new

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<v Speaker 1>US ambassador and then had him start working immediately before

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<v Speaker 1>any of the checks got done anyway, so he was

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<v Speaker 1>already working. He was already like had all the documents

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<v Speaker 1>in front of him. And then basically they were like told, Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>well that's the guy, and they were like, uh, seems

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<v Speaker 1>like he failing the things. And they were like, well,

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<v Speaker 1>there's nothing we can do about it because they already

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<v Speaker 1>announced it, and like by behind the scenes, like Starmar's

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<v Speaker 1>right hand man Morgan McSweeney, who was already forced to

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<v Speaker 1>resign over this, had apparently told him to just get

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<v Speaker 1>it fucking done unquote. And it's like the whole thing,

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<v Speaker 1>it's like super super obvious because it's just like a

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<v Speaker 1>quid pro quote because basically Mendelssohn and Morgan McSweeney had

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<v Speaker 1>run this whole like really in depth operation called Labor

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<v Speaker 1>together while Jeremy Corbyn was the leader of the Labor Party,

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<v Speaker 1>where they were like essentially sabotaging the Labor Party from within,

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<v Speaker 1>and that was the whole where the whole anti Semitism

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<v Speaker 1>thing came from. So because Mandelssohn ran all of that

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<v Speaker 1>and it worked, basically, his payoff was you get to

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<v Speaker 1>be the US ambassador, right, And anyway, it's very very

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<v Speaker 1>funny because now Kerre Starmer's like, like, what's an appointment?

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<v Speaker 1>I've never met that, but I don't know anything that

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<v Speaker 1>ever happened, And it's like everyone is like a dog,

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<v Speaker 1>like this is literally unbelievable, and like apparently he was

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<v Speaker 1>in a parliament yesterday and he was like, I know

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<v Speaker 1>it beggars belief, but I simply didn't know, and everyone

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<v Speaker 1>started like laughing at him because it's like, bro, it's

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<v Speaker 1>literally unbelievable, like you're just lying. But the thing is,

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<v Speaker 1>nobody else wants the job, like especially because we're about

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<v Speaker 1>to have like an election on the ninth where we're

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<v Speaker 1>gonna we elect our counselors, so like our our local people,

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<v Speaker 1>and like Labor is gonna get absolutely fucking destroyed in

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<v Speaker 1>the pulse. They're gonna get like decimated, they're gonna be gone,

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<v Speaker 1>and so basically nobody else wants to take the fall

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<v Speaker 1>before that happens. So he's just like hanging around like

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<v Speaker 1>a ghost. But also like the Labor Party is just

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<v Speaker 1>like completely toast because like they've just destroyed it. So yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it's it's interesting over here, but I'm not getting a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of work done. Like I basically got nothing done

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<v Speaker 1>yesterday because I was just like enjoying schadenfreude.

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<v Speaker 2>Who you know, so who, like, who else in the

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<v Speaker 2>labor party is there to take this? Are they are?

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<v Speaker 3>They?

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<v Speaker 2>Are they finally gonna They're just gonna put David Lammy

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<v Speaker 2>in there or something?

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<v Speaker 1>Well, okay, so no, because like David Lammy is totally

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<v Speaker 1>tainted by this as well, I thought. And so interestingly,

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<v Speaker 1>like before all of this, they had been sort of

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<v Speaker 1>setting up this one like odious little Mark west streeting

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<v Speaker 1>for the job, and he is like a genuine piece

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<v Speaker 1>of shit like transfo but he was super good friends

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<v Speaker 1>with Peter Mandelsson too, so like he can't come in

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<v Speaker 1>because he's like Mandelsson's guy. Could be at Billiband, could

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<v Speaker 1>be like on the news yesterday, like there's a there

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<v Speaker 1>was a good kind of clip circulating where he was

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<v Speaker 1>like on the news and someone was like yeah, dude,

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<v Speaker 1>But like the trouble is everybody knew Peter Mandelson was

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<v Speaker 1>a piece of shit, and like you watch him being

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<v Speaker 1>like yeah, yeah, like and then he was sort of

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<v Speaker 1>like it was just like no, it's a fair point,

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<v Speaker 1>Like at a point tell you just like let him be,

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<v Speaker 1>like watch him be, like I'm not gonna do this anymore,

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<v Speaker 1>Like I'm just not going to toe the line.

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<v Speaker 3>So could be him would have been the Mayor of Manchester,

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<v Speaker 3>Andy Burnham, but Cure Starber blocked him from running for.

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<v Speaker 1>MP so that he wouldn't be able to challenge because

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<v Speaker 1>like that's how much everybody hates Cure Starber. So like, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>like the whole thing, it's it's just like an incredible

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<v Speaker 1>it's just very funny because like all of the Centrists

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<v Speaker 1>when these guys got in, were like finally the grown

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<v Speaker 1>ups are back in charge, and it's like yeah, by

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<v Speaker 1>that you mean it's just like the same like odious

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<v Speaker 1>group of pricks that you know, Like it's it's just

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<v Speaker 1>really incredible stuff. What can I say, the worst to

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<v Speaker 1>ever do it. He's genuinely the most disliked prime minister

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<v Speaker 1>since anybody started like counting records. I'm talking less popular

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<v Speaker 1>than Margaret Thatcher m because at least, like Margaret Thatcher

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<v Speaker 1>did stuff for rich people.

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<v Speaker 2>Like did I read correctly that they're banning the sale

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<v Speaker 2>of cigarettes to anyone born after like a week ago?

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, like two thousand and eight, yeah, which is like,

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<v Speaker 1>how is that's not lee, Like you can't just you

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<v Speaker 1>can't just do that. Like so if you're like born

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<v Speaker 1>in two thousand and eight, you can have cigarettes, but

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<v Speaker 1>if you're born in two thousand and nine you can't.

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<v Speaker 2>Boo, Yeah, what what is that suppose?

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<v Speaker 1>I don't And also it's like bra vapes are available,

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<v Speaker 1>like it's just like it's just nanny state stuff. That's

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<v Speaker 1>the only thing they're interested in doing, right, Like it's.

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<v Speaker 2>But I just don't, like, cannot comprehend that just seems

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<v Speaker 2>like something engineered to piss people off and not like

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know what possible upside, Like I can't imagine

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<v Speaker 2>there were people who were like I wasn't going to vote,

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<v Speaker 2>but now that they've put those young whippers staff, like

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<v Speaker 2>all those old people are going to vote. Any I

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<v Speaker 2>just don't understand what the like hmmm hmm man.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's uh, I don't really understand who it's for.

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<v Speaker 1>Like literally nobody was asking for this, right, so it's

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<v Speaker 1>just like the entire thing is just like the like

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, and and that's what we're offered, right like

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<v Speaker 1>in lieu of any form of like governing, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>like no good things can happen, right, it's just like

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<v Speaker 1>only stasis, and so it's pretty funny. It's a pretty good,

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<v Speaker 1>pretty good time to be alive over here. What can

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<v Speaker 1>I say? We're doing great.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, I uh, I'm having fun at least, that's.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, you know, I think that's important.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, I don't.

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<v Speaker 1>Man, it's difficult to say, my friend, it's difficult to say. Like,

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, the one thing that I am really enjoying

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<v Speaker 1>is like the tears of my enemies, you know, like

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<v Speaker 1>I want revenge.

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<v Speaker 2>So yeah, well good.

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<v Speaker 1>For me, you know.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, revenge is is what you need to get by.

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<v Speaker 2>You gotta you gotta you gotta see you gotta see

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<v Speaker 2>them suffer to some degree. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>Absolutely, absolutely, So yeah, yeah that's great.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I mean we're just uh whatever, We're just heading

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<v Speaker 2>towards the abyss.

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<v Speaker 3>Uh.

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<v Speaker 2>Trump will either go too far and do something that

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<v Speaker 2>gets around round to like really retaliate and and destroy

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<v Speaker 2>uh you know, the uh the Pedro dollar, or he'll

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<v Speaker 2>back down and try to like make him ends of

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<v Speaker 2>the run, and Israel will just release like some of

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<v Speaker 2>whatever they have on him, just like they have on

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<v Speaker 2>so many people. And yeah, and then you know, then

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<v Speaker 2>we'll get to do that. So like I mean, I

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<v Speaker 2>don't know, We're all just like we're all just continually

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<v Speaker 2>waiting on the edge, just like the precipice of the

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<v Speaker 2>end of the world and the end of everything we

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<v Speaker 2>got going on, and mm hmm, I mean and it like,

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, it just depends like what happens first is like,

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<v Speaker 2>you know, does does the Iran situation like really like

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<v Speaker 2>just flare up to such a degree that that the

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<v Speaker 2>economy gets destroyed? Does the AI bubble crash does like

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<v Speaker 2>some video of Trump doing something horrifying beyond measure like

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<v Speaker 2>come out, like what what is the what? What is

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<v Speaker 2>the thing that pushes us over the edge, Because I

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<v Speaker 2>mean like there's like a million of them and they

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<v Speaker 2>could do it, and like you know, right now the

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<v Speaker 2>US is you know, you got spinning plates and we're

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<v Speaker 2>like stepping over banana peels and everything, and we got

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<v Speaker 2>forty spinning plates, you know, like and they're all going

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<v Speaker 2>and the thing is like when one of them falls,

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<v Speaker 2>the rest will fall because the state isn't it's it's

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<v Speaker 2>not uh, it's been hollowed out and out of the

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<v Speaker 2>point where like you can't do that. We can't. We

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<v Speaker 2>we don't have global soft power anymore. We're basically the

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<v Speaker 2>global hedgemon now because of the entropy of empire, like

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<v Speaker 2>and China doesn't feel that they're ready to push us

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<v Speaker 2>over yet. Yeah, so, uh, I don't know. It's it's

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<v Speaker 2>all incompetence. All the way down over here, Democrats aren't

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<v Speaker 2>doing anything. It's almost like we need a third party

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<v Speaker 2>of some kind here.

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<v Speaker 1>Uh well, listen, look it happened here like unfortunately for us,

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<v Speaker 1>like our white our right wing got even crazier.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't think that's a I don't think I think

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<v Speaker 2>that's an inevitability.

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<v Speaker 1>Like I just think it's uh, but yeah, I think

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<v Speaker 1>that kind of comes with the territory. But you know,

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<v Speaker 1>like green parties are doing good over here, we're doing

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<v Speaker 1>really well.

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<v Speaker 2>Yep.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm sorry to see what we do in the midterms.

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<v Speaker 1>But yeah, like at this point in time, we're we're

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<v Speaker 1>basically just taking over all that. But and it's a

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<v Speaker 1>genuine leftist alternative and it's it's really exciting, you know.

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<v Speaker 1>So that's cool. Yeah, like it can happen, it's but

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<v Speaker 1>there has to be like I mean, I guess also

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<v Speaker 1>it's true that it's like, of course we have the

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<v Speaker 1>parliamentary system, so it's, uh, it's a little bit different,

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<v Speaker 1>but you know.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, well I mean we got you know, we get

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<v Speaker 2>the majority two party system here. And that doesn't mean

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<v Speaker 2>that third parties never happen. It just means that it

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<v Speaker 2>takes a little bit longer and things have to progress

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<v Speaker 2>to a point to to to to to create the

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<v Speaker 2>conditions for those things to happen. And I mean that

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<v Speaker 2>is I think, I think that's what you get with

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<v Speaker 2>like with with this if you who are fed up

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<v Speaker 2>and they don't have anywhere else to go right now,

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<v Speaker 2>and I mean I would guess it probably happens in

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<v Speaker 2>twenty twenty eight or early twenty twenty nine after like

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<v Speaker 2>a dim whoever it is, wins the election and they

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<v Speaker 2>come in and nothing changes at all. I mean even

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<v Speaker 2>if they even the most good hearted them, they're not

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<v Speaker 2>going to have the votes to change things the way

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<v Speaker 2>that they needed to that they need to be and

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<v Speaker 2>they'd have to fight their own party and everything, and

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<v Speaker 2>I mean it's just going to tear them apart, just

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<v Speaker 2>like Dems are going to fall apart or Republicans are

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<v Speaker 2>going to fall apart. Whenever Trump dies, you know or

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<v Speaker 2>what I don't know, whatever happens first anyway, Yeah, let's

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<v Speaker 2>let's talk abou.

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<v Speaker 1>Just some questions. Yeah, let's do it. It'd be good.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, let's do that. All right. Hello, and welcome back

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<v Speaker 2>to We're Not So Different podcast about how we're all

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<v Speaker 2>staring into the abyss. This is staring back and we're

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<v Speaker 2>laughing and the abyss is laughing and we're all having

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<v Speaker 2>a good time. Hello. Today, folks, we are going to

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<v Speaker 2>do some more mail more, more, more, more.

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<v Speaker 1>Et cetera.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, we all remember that one gift. Y'all remember that movie, folks.

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<v Speaker 2>As promised, we're back with another mailbag episode for April.

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<v Speaker 2>As we said last time, we will be starting a

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<v Speaker 2>short series on pre modern Iran next episode. But for now,

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<v Speaker 2>it's a male time. We Today, we're gonna answer questions

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<v Speaker 2>about Boulogne's medieval tower blocks, cuckoldry, medieval sex said, state

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<v Speaker 2>monopolies of for So, Gregorian chance, and more. Enjoy first,

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<v Speaker 2>we got one from oh and if you want to

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<v Speaker 2>ask us questions like these, please subscribe to Patreon Patreon

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<v Speaker 2>dot com, slash wnst pod. It is five dollars a

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<v Speaker 2>month you get access to this bonus episodes, access to

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<v Speaker 2>the Discord, et cetera, et cetera. So check that out.

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<v Speaker 2>And while you're there, you can also check out Eleanor

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<v Speaker 2>and Phoebe Roy's limited series on wolf Hall, the TV show.

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<v Speaker 2>Check that out. You can get access to all seven

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<v Speaker 2>episodes for just fifteen dollars. So yeah, that is cool. Yeah, anyway,

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<v Speaker 2>here we go. So first one we got is from

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<v Speaker 2>dog God who says, regarding rushes as a floor covering,

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<v Speaker 2>are they always woven into mats or is it something

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<v Speaker 2>more of a hamster cage style situation.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, so this is a great question and the answer

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<v Speaker 1>is sometimes it is like like a fancy people. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>like fancy people are doing the woven thing, but if

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<v Speaker 1>you're a peasant, do do you like have time for

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<v Speaker 1>weaving rushes less? So right, so they might like hamster

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<v Speaker 1>cage it and basically after like a day or two

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<v Speaker 1>of trotting it down, it's fine, and they change them

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<v Speaker 1>super regularly. So it's like, really, if you were gonna

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<v Speaker 1>sit there and like redo the rushes like completely woven

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<v Speaker 1>every time, it's too much. So you're fancy people, they've

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<v Speaker 1>got woven once your regular ass peasants a little more,

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<v Speaker 1>little more, hamster cage a little more.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and uh, rushes are what are Russias exactly? Like

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<v Speaker 2>it's like a It's like they're.

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<v Speaker 1>Like like I kind of oftentimes a plant that lives

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<v Speaker 1>in quite boggy conditions. So they have these like big

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<v Speaker 1>long spear shaped leaves. That's right, And that's and that's

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<v Speaker 1>essentially what you're doing. They smell nice, you know. It

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<v Speaker 1>means that you're not like damaging the floor under it.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, a lot of people have a compacted earth floors,

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<v Speaker 1>so you just you don't necessarily want to be like

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<v Speaker 1>on the dirt all the time. Yeah, so it just

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<v Speaker 1>gives you a little bit.

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<v Speaker 2>It gives you. It gives you something like yeah, you

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<v Speaker 2>know and uh you know when you've got to pee

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<v Speaker 2>in the corner like a dog. No, I'm just kidding, Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>that's right. Yeah, right, yeah, there you go. Uh And

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<v Speaker 2>now I'm just thinking about like keeping a house clean

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<v Speaker 2>when you live on dirt floors, and well that's I mean,

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<v Speaker 2>that's what the Russians are for, right, No, I know,

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<v Speaker 2>I know, but like I'm just like like the whole

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<v Speaker 2>I'm just like compounding it, like oh it feels so

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<v Speaker 2>gritty under my feet. Oh god, I hate that all

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<v Speaker 2>your feet would.

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<v Speaker 1>Like ah anyway.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, I wasn't built for those times. Uh, I

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<v Speaker 2>did not. I do not have the medieval dog in me.

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<v Speaker 2>Dog God. Yeah, thank you for the question. Next we

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<v Speaker 2>got one from A J. A me and oh so

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<v Speaker 2>many players of Crusader think kings have an unhealthy question

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<v Speaker 2>mark exclamation point interest in incestuous relationships, at least within

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<v Speaker 2>the confines of the game. Well, that's a very good

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<v Speaker 2>qualifier there at the.

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<v Speaker 1>End, you know. Yeah, well done you.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so my question, uh so, my question is how

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<v Speaker 2>common was this in the Middle Ages with the nobility

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<v Speaker 2>and normal folks. Was there different views within different strata

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<v Speaker 2>of society. Have people learned from royals of classical age

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<v Speaker 2>that this was not a good thing for your kids

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<v Speaker 2>given a generation to if nothing else? How bad of

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<v Speaker 2>a sin did the Church find incest to be?

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<v Speaker 1>Well, you know, it's enough of a sin that like

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<v Speaker 1>you can annul marriages for consequinity, right, so that that's

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<v Speaker 1>something to keep in mind. But also, like I mean it,

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<v Speaker 1>certainly they don't think that you should like marry your

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<v Speaker 1>brothers and sisters and things like that. And indeed, actually

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<v Speaker 1>one of the things when the church starts getting more

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<v Speaker 1>involved in marriage, there's a real pushback to it on

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<v Speaker 1>the behalf of the nobility, because the nobility don't want

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<v Speaker 1>their children to make their own decisions about who can

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<v Speaker 1>get married. Yeah, and the church is really big on no, No,

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<v Speaker 1>you need to be able to marry who you want to.

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<v Speaker 2>Is very clear about the like, yeah, say what you

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<v Speaker 2>will about the Bible, but it's very clear having sex

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<v Speaker 2>with your immediate relatives bad. Forcing people into marriage also bad.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, exactly, So, like they very much don't want families

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<v Speaker 1>making these ideas. And also they're a big part of

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<v Speaker 1>who is like pushing to say no consanguinity like no,

336
00:21:26.519 --> 00:21:28.839
<v Speaker 1>like to stop marrying your cousin's dude, Like it's it's

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00:21:28.880 --> 00:21:33.720
<v Speaker 1>not a good idea. Now, people do know that you

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<v Speaker 1>are essentially you are tempting fate if you, if you like,

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00:21:44.799 --> 00:21:49.400
<v Speaker 1>get too married in inter family, right, Like they are

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<v Speaker 1>aware of that they do attempt to marry someone outside

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<v Speaker 1>of the family, and indeed, like they are usually using

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<v Speaker 1>marriages to try to make more alliances. So like they

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<v Speaker 1>are probably going to try to, for example, get married

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<v Speaker 1>to like someone from a kingdom a little bit farther away,

345
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<v Speaker 1>like you know, people that they know they can make

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<v Speaker 1>strategic alliances with. So you know, yeah, like you probably

347
00:22:15.440 --> 00:22:19.319
<v Speaker 1>already have the stuff covered from families, so that that

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<v Speaker 1>does kind of go away. Now this isn't to say

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<v Speaker 1>that incests doesn't happen, but like, so for example, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>obviously every single thing I do is about ghosts at

351
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<v Speaker 1>the moment, but like we have particular ghost stories that

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<v Speaker 1>crop up where specifically they're like, oh, yeah, this guy

353
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<v Speaker 1>who was like shagging his daughter came back. So I

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<v Speaker 1>got this one out from the Dialogue of Miracles of

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<v Speaker 1>these areas of Hesterbach. So he's working kind of in

356
00:22:51.839 --> 00:22:55.759
<v Speaker 1>the twelfth century outside of Cologne. And let me just

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<v Speaker 1>read this to you. In the diocese of trevs that

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<v Speaker 1>where the former vision occurred as a former gross story.

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<v Speaker 1>Before this, there was another knight named Henry Nodys like

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<v Speaker 1>name him, name him and shame him. Now. He was

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<v Speaker 1>deeply mired in wickedness and sin, and regarded rapine, adultery, incest, perjury,

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<v Speaker 1>and other such crimes as deeds of virtue. When he

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<v Speaker 1>died in the province of Menevelt, he appeared to many

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<v Speaker 1>in sheep skin, and kept frequenting the house of his daughter,

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<v Speaker 1>as he had been wont to do when alive. Whether

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<v Speaker 1>admonished by the side of the cross or threatened with

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<v Speaker 1>the drawn sword, he would not be driven away. Indeed,

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<v Speaker 1>his specter was often struck with a sword, but could

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<v Speaker 1>not be wounded, giving out the kind of sound that

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<v Speaker 1>a soft bed makes when it is struck. I really

371
00:23:39.039 --> 00:23:42.839
<v Speaker 1>like that. That's very evocative. His friends consulted John, the

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<v Speaker 1>Lord Bishop of trevs and he advised them to pour

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<v Speaker 1>water on a nail, which was a relic of the

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<v Speaker 1>crucifixion match, and to use it to sprinkle water around

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<v Speaker 1>the house and on his daughter, and on the man

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<v Speaker 1>himself if he was present. This was done, and he

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<v Speaker 1>never appeared again. Although he was legally married, he had

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<v Speaker 1>fathered the dog on his maid servant, and rich that

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<v Speaker 1>he was, he had to botch the daughter when she

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00:24:04.640 --> 00:24:07.279
<v Speaker 1>grew up. It is not long since these things happened.

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<v Speaker 1>So Jesus, what does this tell us? It tells us

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<v Speaker 1>in the first place, that like people may do be

383
00:24:15.720 --> 00:24:20.440
<v Speaker 1>having incest, but that people take a low view of it. Right,

384
00:24:20.480 --> 00:24:23.400
<v Speaker 1>the church is like and you will turn into a

385
00:24:23.400 --> 00:24:25.960
<v Speaker 1>demon after death, and everyone will hate you, right, So

386
00:24:27.319 --> 00:24:30.920
<v Speaker 1>it shows us that it's possible, but certainly frowned upon,

387
00:24:31.359 --> 00:24:33.960
<v Speaker 1>if that makes sense. So yeah, like it's out there,

388
00:24:34.279 --> 00:24:36.720
<v Speaker 1>it's within the things, but I mean, I it's not

389
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<v Speaker 1>really until the early modern period, and like the Habsburgs

390
00:24:39.559 --> 00:24:42.200
<v Speaker 1>are kind of the best to ever do it, right,

391
00:24:42.319 --> 00:24:46.319
<v Speaker 1>like in terms of the inbreeding thing. But yeah, yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean I think I think it was much

393
00:24:49.680 --> 00:24:52.359
<v Speaker 2>more of an issue within the nobility.

394
00:24:52.640 --> 00:24:56.720
<v Speaker 1>I yeah, like an ordinary people, that's not a thing.

395
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<v Speaker 2>They're not gonna unless unless there's something kind of weird

396
00:25:00.359 --> 00:25:04.680
<v Speaker 2>going on, or you were just like incredibly secluded in

397
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<v Speaker 2>a in like a very crazy ass way.

398
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<v Speaker 1>Like look unless you get your head stuck, yes, the

399
00:25:13.279 --> 00:25:17.119
<v Speaker 1>wash house and your step brother walks by, okay, Like.

400
00:25:18.839 --> 00:25:21.559
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, it's just like I mean, people have known.

401
00:25:22.279 --> 00:25:28.400
<v Speaker 2>We can tell from from genomic evidence that that people

402
00:25:28.400 --> 00:25:31.200
<v Speaker 2>have known for a long time that you're not. It's

403
00:25:31.279 --> 00:25:35.640
<v Speaker 2>really bad to like fuck someone who's related, who's closely

404
00:25:35.680 --> 00:25:38.799
<v Speaker 2>related to you, because it messes up the kids that

405
00:25:38.880 --> 00:25:41.519
<v Speaker 2>you have. Like this is something that predate like is

406
00:25:42.000 --> 00:25:46.640
<v Speaker 2>like it predates human civilization. Like you very very rarely

407
00:25:46.680 --> 00:25:50.799
<v Speaker 2>find something find something where uh, two people who are

408
00:25:51.200 --> 00:25:54.400
<v Speaker 2>you know, one who are brother and sister or you know,

409
00:25:54.759 --> 00:25:59.039
<v Speaker 2>parent and child where they're procreating, and then it's all

410
00:25:59.119 --> 00:26:04.079
<v Speaker 2>it's basically always associated with royalty, which you know in

411
00:26:04.119 --> 00:26:05.559
<v Speaker 2>the past did happen you know they were.

412
00:26:05.759 --> 00:26:09.240
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, of course, yeah, like I mean, and it's it's

413
00:26:09.319 --> 00:26:11.920
<v Speaker 1>only the sickos of the ruling classes.

414
00:26:11.920 --> 00:26:15.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah right, you know, yeah, yeah you're not. Yeah. But

415
00:26:16.039 --> 00:26:19.279
<v Speaker 2>then as Eleanor said, like the secos of the ruling classes,

416
00:26:19.319 --> 00:26:21.759
<v Speaker 2>like they're the what you know, you don't ever need

417
00:26:21.759 --> 00:26:25.279
<v Speaker 2>to feel bad for nobles or royalty, but in the

418
00:26:25.319 --> 00:26:29.359
<v Speaker 2>case of them like wanting to just marry someone that

419
00:26:29.440 --> 00:26:34.000
<v Speaker 2>they like or can tolerate or of their choosing, you

420
00:26:34.039 --> 00:26:36.279
<v Speaker 2>do just kind of have to be like that fucking sucks, man,

421
00:26:36.319 --> 00:26:37.359
<v Speaker 2>I'm really sorry.

422
00:26:37.680 --> 00:26:41.480
<v Speaker 1>Yeah yea, yeah, yeah.

423
00:26:40.599 --> 00:26:43.039
<v Speaker 2>You know, uh, don't don't feel bad for them all

424
00:26:43.079 --> 00:26:45.359
<v Speaker 2>the time or anything, but like they didn't get to

425
00:26:45.400 --> 00:26:48.359
<v Speaker 2>marry for love. If they got if they got to marry,

426
00:26:48.759 --> 00:26:52.880
<v Speaker 2>if they married someone that they tolerate they enjoyed being around,

427
00:26:53.160 --> 00:26:53.680
<v Speaker 2>that was.

428
00:26:53.640 --> 00:26:56.599
<v Speaker 1>Like, yeah, that's good as a guts basically for them.

429
00:26:56.839 --> 00:27:00.400
<v Speaker 2>Yeah yeah, yeah, but yeah, and you know, you do

430
00:27:00.519 --> 00:27:04.240
<v Speaker 2>have to go to the church to get exceptions for contanquinity,

431
00:27:04.960 --> 00:27:08.759
<v Speaker 2>uh for anything. I think it was within like fourth

432
00:27:08.880 --> 00:27:13.839
<v Speaker 2>or fifth cousins something that Yes, it's Look, they they

433
00:27:13.839 --> 00:27:18.960
<v Speaker 2>didn't understand the DNA and and and uh and Janes

434
00:27:19.240 --> 00:27:22.440
<v Speaker 2>and everything like that, but they understood that like you

435
00:27:22.519 --> 00:27:23.079
<v Speaker 2>don't do.

436
00:27:23.799 --> 00:27:26.039
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, they understood that was a bad idea.

437
00:27:26.319 --> 00:27:28.400
<v Speaker 2>It was a bad idea. Not only did the Bible

438
00:27:28.440 --> 00:27:31.319
<v Speaker 2>say it was bad, like you can tell like you

439
00:27:31.400 --> 00:27:36.680
<v Speaker 2>know when like wow, those those children are really not

440
00:27:36.720 --> 00:27:40.920
<v Speaker 2>holding Yeah, yeah.

441
00:27:40.480 --> 00:27:40.759
<v Speaker 1>A j A.

442
00:27:40.920 --> 00:27:43.519
<v Speaker 2>Thank you very much for the question. Next, we got

443
00:27:43.559 --> 00:27:47.480
<v Speaker 2>one uh from Alie can't and actually got two on

444
00:27:47.559 --> 00:27:50.480
<v Speaker 2>the same thing. One from Ali Can't and then one

445
00:27:50.519 --> 00:27:53.799
<v Speaker 2>from Mr Face And these are both on the famous

446
00:27:54.799 --> 00:27:59.880
<v Speaker 2>bolgns medieval tower blocks. He says, what was the deal

447
00:28:00.240 --> 00:28:03.880
<v Speaker 2>with the famous medieval tower box of Bologna? And m

448
00:28:03.960 --> 00:28:07.400
<v Speaker 2>Junior Face says, did many other did many or any

449
00:28:07.480 --> 00:28:11.359
<v Speaker 2>other cities have towers like these or this many towers?

450
00:28:11.400 --> 00:28:13.920
<v Speaker 2>I have to assume few, because it's something you know,

451
00:28:13.960 --> 00:28:20.680
<v Speaker 2>you don't here mentioned that often? How common was this?

452
00:28:21.359 --> 00:28:24.160
<v Speaker 1>Okay? So well, the answer is that Bologna is the

453
00:28:24.160 --> 00:28:27.599
<v Speaker 1>best to ever do it. Yeah, like this friend of

454
00:28:27.640 --> 00:28:32.160
<v Speaker 1>the podcast, The Beautiful City of Bologna, l Rosa comrades

455
00:28:32.160 --> 00:28:35.640
<v Speaker 1>all the way they invented the university, they invented being

456
00:28:35.680 --> 00:28:41.119
<v Speaker 1>a sick ass communist who kills fascists, and they also

457
00:28:41.279 --> 00:28:45.319
<v Speaker 1>invented lasagna. So, you know, thank you to my good

458
00:28:45.319 --> 00:28:49.960
<v Speaker 1>friends there as you know, the people who know you

459
00:28:50.079 --> 00:28:52.440
<v Speaker 1>girl know, I go there a lot because since there's

460
00:28:52.480 --> 00:28:55.799
<v Speaker 1>a lot of leftists there, they're always like bringing my

461
00:28:55.799 --> 00:28:58.240
<v Speaker 1>boyfriend over to teach sex said and things like that,

462
00:28:59.559 --> 00:29:01.559
<v Speaker 1>and yeah, they've still got a lot of these And

463
00:29:01.599 --> 00:29:06.559
<v Speaker 1>it's really interesting because so, for example, they will depict

464
00:29:07.119 --> 00:29:09.960
<v Speaker 1>all of the towers when they're kind of drawing things,

465
00:29:09.960 --> 00:29:13.799
<v Speaker 1>so for example, statues of like their patron saint whose

466
00:29:13.880 --> 00:29:16.799
<v Speaker 1>name escapes me off the top of my head. He'll

467
00:29:16.839 --> 00:29:19.480
<v Speaker 1>be holding a little miniature version of the city. It's

468
00:29:19.519 --> 00:29:21.559
<v Speaker 1>got all like the little tower sticking up like it's

469
00:29:21.720 --> 00:29:24.839
<v Speaker 1>a little porcupine. And the answer is that they have

470
00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.279
<v Speaker 1>the most of them. The deal with them is, you know,

471
00:29:29.480 --> 00:29:32.440
<v Speaker 1>it's a couple things. One of the main things it

472
00:29:32.519 --> 00:29:37.319
<v Speaker 1>is is basically just a dick wagon contest. No yeah,

473
00:29:37.440 --> 00:29:40.880
<v Speaker 1>I know, right, Like it's it's mostly just being like, oh, yeah,

474
00:29:41.119 --> 00:29:44.039
<v Speaker 1>I've got to who you guys are. I got a tower.

475
00:29:44.039 --> 00:29:46.640
<v Speaker 1>So if you're like one of the big patrician families,

476
00:29:47.160 --> 00:29:49.279
<v Speaker 1>you sort of have to build a tower to prove

477
00:29:49.319 --> 00:29:53.119
<v Speaker 1>you're one of the big patrician families. It's just like

478
00:29:53.160 --> 00:29:57.119
<v Speaker 1>it's just sort of what it's done. In theory. They

479
00:29:57.119 --> 00:30:00.039
<v Speaker 1>can be used for defensive purposes, but if you I

480
00:30:00.160 --> 00:30:03.759
<v Speaker 1>first see them, they're like really really thin. You know.

481
00:30:03.799 --> 00:30:07.160
<v Speaker 1>It's kind of like building an ordinary house up like

482
00:30:07.240 --> 00:30:11.720
<v Speaker 1>ten stories in the air. Yeah, so like I mean

483
00:30:12.519 --> 00:30:15.519
<v Speaker 1>you could dump things down on people, but they're also

484
00:30:15.599 --> 00:30:19.599
<v Speaker 1>kind of easy to catch on fire yea, and things

485
00:30:19.640 --> 00:30:21.160
<v Speaker 1>like that. So I mean, I think probably when they

486
00:30:21.240 --> 00:30:23.640
<v Speaker 1>started out, it was considered to be a defensive thing,

487
00:30:23.680 --> 00:30:27.680
<v Speaker 1>and like certainly you can like look out from them,

488
00:30:27.799 --> 00:30:31.000
<v Speaker 1>so it sort of tells you what's going on around you.

489
00:30:32.720 --> 00:30:37.519
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, it's by the end of it, it's just

490
00:30:37.599 --> 00:30:38.720
<v Speaker 1>kind of like the thing that you have to do

491
00:30:38.759 --> 00:30:44.920
<v Speaker 1>in order to perform patricianness. Right now, they are not

492
00:30:45.319 --> 00:30:47.000
<v Speaker 1>the only city to do this, they're just the one

493
00:30:47.039 --> 00:30:49.519
<v Speaker 1>that did it the most. So for example, Florence also

494
00:30:49.640 --> 00:30:53.799
<v Speaker 1>does this. And I found out about this just the

495
00:30:53.880 --> 00:30:57.319
<v Speaker 1>other week when I was out at the Bristol Medieval

496
00:30:59.000 --> 00:31:01.720
<v Speaker 1>Postgraduate Conference. I saw a really cool paper by this

497
00:31:01.799 --> 00:31:05.799
<v Speaker 1>guy who did an analysis of all the tower blocks

498
00:31:05.799 --> 00:31:09.640
<v Speaker 1>in Florence and there there are a bunch of them,

499
00:31:10.119 --> 00:31:12.039
<v Speaker 1>and he was the one who was like, yeah, I mean,

500
00:31:12.079 --> 00:31:15.000
<v Speaker 1>like it should Can we talk about how it's probably

501
00:31:15.039 --> 00:31:16.839
<v Speaker 1>not very defensible and we were like looking at him,

502
00:31:16.839 --> 00:31:21.359
<v Speaker 1>it's like, yeah, I mean there are yeah, like there

503
00:31:21.359 --> 00:31:23.799
<v Speaker 1>are cases apparently where like they'd be getting attacked and

504
00:31:23.839 --> 00:31:26.039
<v Speaker 1>that like someone would escape from one to the other

505
00:31:26.200 --> 00:31:28.880
<v Speaker 1>by like putting like a plank across. But you've got

506
00:31:28.880 --> 00:31:32.720
<v Speaker 1>to in theory, like be willing to run that gauntlet. Well,

507
00:31:32.720 --> 00:31:35.079
<v Speaker 1>you've got a lot of angry people below you and stuff,

508
00:31:35.599 --> 00:31:39.880
<v Speaker 1>but it's this really important thing in order to show

509
00:31:41.240 --> 00:31:45.960
<v Speaker 1>who you are. So yeah, they're they're incredibly cool, and

510
00:31:46.400 --> 00:31:48.440
<v Speaker 1>you gotta be very careful if you There are some

511
00:31:48.519 --> 00:31:52.240
<v Speaker 1>that will be open sometimes in Bologna, but like check ahead.

512
00:31:52.680 --> 00:31:55.000
<v Speaker 1>I've never managed to make it inside one yet, but

513
00:31:55.039 --> 00:31:57.839
<v Speaker 1>I'm always there on like a Tuesday as well, so

514
00:31:57.880 --> 00:32:02.119
<v Speaker 1>it's like weird. But yeah, if you're thinking about going

515
00:32:02.200 --> 00:32:06.279
<v Speaker 1>to Italy, I just recommend going to Bologna so fucking hard.

516
00:32:06.279 --> 00:32:09.880
<v Speaker 1>Like I mean, I promise you, I promise you. You don't

517
00:32:10.480 --> 00:32:12.839
<v Speaker 1>really need to go to like Florence as much as

518
00:32:12.839 --> 00:32:14.400
<v Speaker 1>you think you do, because you're just mostly going to

519
00:32:14.440 --> 00:32:16.880
<v Speaker 1>see a bunch of tourists. You want to go to Bologna,

520
00:32:18.440 --> 00:32:21.119
<v Speaker 1>that's the one, that's the one. Okay. Yeah, if you're

521
00:32:21.160 --> 00:32:22.519
<v Speaker 1>going to go to Milan, you don't have to go

522
00:32:22.559 --> 00:32:23.960
<v Speaker 1>to Bolan. But if you're going to go to Milan,

523
00:32:24.000 --> 00:32:27.440
<v Speaker 1>go to the Communist Club for dinner, okay, because there's

524
00:32:27.440 --> 00:32:30.519
<v Speaker 1>a really good Communists restaurant. So yeah, yeah.

525
00:32:30.720 --> 00:32:36.279
<v Speaker 2>The the towers themselves, you know, just a little background.

526
00:32:36.359 --> 00:32:41.400
<v Speaker 2>They were mostly built between the twelfth and the thirteenth century.

527
00:32:42.559 --> 00:32:46.200
<v Speaker 2>There were in total, the estimation because it's not really

528
00:32:46.279 --> 00:32:48.880
<v Speaker 2>known because while we do have a lot of people

529
00:32:48.920 --> 00:32:51.160
<v Speaker 2>being like, wow, they got these really tall towers, none

530
00:32:51.160 --> 00:32:54.920
<v Speaker 2>of them really say what they were exactly for or

531
00:32:56.000 --> 00:32:59.359
<v Speaker 2>you know, any like they don't they don't include like

532
00:32:59.440 --> 00:33:03.680
<v Speaker 2>any info. Like that's why like it's like was it

533
00:33:03.720 --> 00:33:08.799
<v Speaker 2>a prison, was it a shop? Was it residential? Was

534
00:33:08.799 --> 00:33:11.279
<v Speaker 2>it for defense? And the defense thing is exactly what

535
00:33:11.319 --> 00:33:14.920
<v Speaker 2>Eleanor said, because everybody goes like, if you like, if

536
00:33:14.960 --> 00:33:17.920
<v Speaker 2>something takes out a small chunk of the bottom of that,

537
00:33:18.000 --> 00:33:20.680
<v Speaker 2>the whole thing could just lean over and fall like

538
00:33:20.839 --> 00:33:26.000
<v Speaker 2>it's not that, you know, it's not that it's not

539
00:33:26.079 --> 00:33:28.720
<v Speaker 2>that sturdy. And I mean, like some of they range

540
00:33:28.880 --> 00:33:34.640
<v Speaker 2>in height from like thirty nine meters to ninety seven

541
00:33:34.680 --> 00:33:36.359
<v Speaker 2>meters is about one hundred and five feet to three

542
00:33:36.440 --> 00:33:39.279
<v Speaker 2>hundred and thirteen feet, And I mean, I think the

543
00:33:39.319 --> 00:33:43.400
<v Speaker 2>way that the reason that this was such a big

544
00:33:43.440 --> 00:33:46.000
<v Speaker 2>deal is like you don't see many of these things

545
00:33:46.799 --> 00:33:51.119
<v Speaker 2>at all. The ones in Bologna were apparently quite beautiful.

546
00:33:51.200 --> 00:33:55.480
<v Speaker 2>There are there's called some called the two towers, which

547
00:33:55.480 --> 00:34:00.000
<v Speaker 2>are known as Azanelli and Garrisinda.

548
00:33:59.799 --> 00:34:01.599
<v Speaker 1>And they are like right next to each other. It's

549
00:34:01.640 --> 00:34:02.519
<v Speaker 1>really fucking weird.

550
00:34:02.960 --> 00:34:06.640
<v Speaker 2>So they they are right next to each other, both

551
00:34:06.680 --> 00:34:09.159
<v Speaker 2>appear to be leaning to some degrees. Yes they do,

552
00:34:09.239 --> 00:34:13.920
<v Speaker 2>and they lean in different directions. Garrison, the top of

553
00:34:13.960 --> 00:34:20.719
<v Speaker 2>Garrisenda is missing. But if you remember, uh the inferno,

554
00:34:20.960 --> 00:34:25.400
<v Speaker 2>and you remember the ring of giants that guarded the

555
00:34:25.519 --> 00:34:29.000
<v Speaker 2>hole down into it's either the eighth or ninth circle.

556
00:34:29.039 --> 00:34:33.280
<v Speaker 2>I can't remember now where Antaeus and Nimrod and all

557
00:34:33.320 --> 00:34:38.400
<v Speaker 2>those are. Dante says uh he. He compares their height

558
00:34:38.559 --> 00:34:43.480
<v Speaker 2>to the height of Garrisinda before its top got knocked off.

559
00:34:43.519 --> 00:34:43.880
<v Speaker 2>And so.

560
00:34:45.840 --> 00:34:48.800
<v Speaker 1>Like you know, you remember these are basically just.

561
00:34:48.800 --> 00:34:52.679
<v Speaker 2>Like the tallest like you know, these the tallest things

562
00:34:52.760 --> 00:34:56.280
<v Speaker 2>these people you know, would have probably would have seen,

563
00:34:56.360 --> 00:34:58.960
<v Speaker 2>like they just like they're just incredibly impressive, and they

564
00:34:59.000 --> 00:35:04.360
<v Speaker 2>don't they look out of sorts. I'll probably include, Uh,

565
00:35:04.400 --> 00:35:07.119
<v Speaker 2>there's a pretty good engraving of what it might have

566
00:35:07.239 --> 00:35:10.119
<v Speaker 2>looked like at the time, and uh, it does kind

567
00:35:10.119 --> 00:35:12.440
<v Speaker 2>of like it looks so weird because it has castle walls,

568
00:35:12.440 --> 00:35:14.199
<v Speaker 2>but then you have these things in there that look

569
00:35:14.280 --> 00:35:17.679
<v Speaker 2>like skyscrapers and you're like, what the fuck? And then

570
00:35:17.719 --> 00:35:20.800
<v Speaker 2>you think about how many stairs would I have to

571
00:35:20.880 --> 00:35:25.119
<v Speaker 2>climb to get up here, like oh so many? Oh god,

572
00:35:25.239 --> 00:35:28.280
<v Speaker 2>this is yeah, I don't want to do this.

573
00:35:28.760 --> 00:35:32.400
<v Speaker 1>I mean it literally also just might be there living

574
00:35:32.800 --> 00:35:35.920
<v Speaker 1>in an environment where space is at a premium, and

575
00:35:35.960 --> 00:35:39.079
<v Speaker 1>like it's just like true density for a household like that.

576
00:35:39.199 --> 00:35:43.599
<v Speaker 1>Can that's like also in theory on the cards. But

577
00:35:43.960 --> 00:35:46.320
<v Speaker 1>it's just it's such a it's a really interesting one

578
00:35:46.360 --> 00:35:52.480
<v Speaker 1>because we just don't fucking know man, like yeah.

579
00:35:52.000 --> 00:35:57.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so Olie and MG, thank you very much for

580
00:35:58.199 --> 00:36:03.880
<v Speaker 2>the questions about the medieval tower blocks of Bologna.

581
00:36:06.159 --> 00:36:06.400
<v Speaker 3>Fact.

582
00:36:06.400 --> 00:36:09.000
<v Speaker 2>I love to talk about so weird. I love I

583
00:36:09.039 --> 00:36:11.119
<v Speaker 2>love how weird the Middle Ages are because you just

584
00:36:11.159 --> 00:36:14.159
<v Speaker 2>have these things and they're beautiful and people talk about

585
00:36:14.199 --> 00:36:16.519
<v Speaker 2>them all the time. But like if you if you

586
00:36:16.840 --> 00:36:19.800
<v Speaker 2>try to nail down exactly, like what was the purpose

587
00:36:19.880 --> 00:36:24.239
<v Speaker 2>of this? Literally every person for the past, like I

588
00:36:24.239 --> 00:36:29.719
<v Speaker 2>don't know, six hundred years been like bah yeah anyway,

589
00:36:30.519 --> 00:36:33.519
<v Speaker 2>uh yeah. So thank y'all for the questions. Next, we

590
00:36:33.559 --> 00:36:36.679
<v Speaker 2>got one from Bachanoia Lover sixty nine, who says, hi,

591
00:36:36.800 --> 00:36:39.000
<v Speaker 2>a huge fan of the show. I have a question

592
00:36:39.480 --> 00:36:43.159
<v Speaker 2>about the relationship between the literature and reality of extramarital

593
00:36:43.199 --> 00:36:46.960
<v Speaker 2>affairs in medieval In the medieval world, as has been

594
00:36:47.000 --> 00:36:49.880
<v Speaker 2>off remarked on the podcast, the medieval world loves to

595
00:36:49.920 --> 00:36:52.800
<v Speaker 2>get their cuck on. But I'm curious how you actually

596
00:36:53.239 --> 00:36:56.480
<v Speaker 2>properly cucked your liege lord in a world where your

597
00:36:56.559 --> 00:37:00.119
<v Speaker 2>every moment as a noble was waited upon by servants

598
00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:03.000
<v Speaker 2>a part of the fantasy of court. They love literature

599
00:37:03.079 --> 00:37:06.280
<v Speaker 2>having fifteen minutes of privacy. Are the servants just in

600
00:37:06.360 --> 00:37:10.440
<v Speaker 2>on it? As an attached question, what does this decision

601
00:37:10.480 --> 00:37:12.960
<v Speaker 2>making calculus look like for a servant whose lead is

602
00:37:13.000 --> 00:37:15.440
<v Speaker 2>stepping out in the marriage? What risk do you run

603
00:37:15.519 --> 00:37:19.159
<v Speaker 2>for keeping your mouth shut versus speaking up. Is there

604
00:37:19.199 --> 00:37:21.679
<v Speaker 2>an implied obligation to secrecy, et cetera.

605
00:37:22.639 --> 00:37:27.840
<v Speaker 1>I think, as we demonstrated in our de Cameron reading club,

606
00:37:28.079 --> 00:37:30.960
<v Speaker 1>for a lot of the thing that you got to

607
00:37:31.000 --> 00:37:33.400
<v Speaker 1>do is you've got to get the servants on side.

608
00:37:33.519 --> 00:37:36.800
<v Speaker 1>You have got to get the fucking servants on side,

609
00:37:36.880 --> 00:37:38.840
<v Speaker 1>because they're going to be the ones who do things

610
00:37:38.880 --> 00:37:42.880
<v Speaker 1>like pass notes, and they are going to be also

611
00:37:43.000 --> 00:37:45.760
<v Speaker 1>indispensable in terms of like letting people in and out

612
00:37:45.800 --> 00:37:49.400
<v Speaker 1>of places. Yeah, so like opening doors, like doing this,

613
00:37:49.559 --> 00:37:54.599
<v Speaker 1>like covering up for you, sounding the alarm, et cetera.

614
00:37:55.559 --> 00:37:58.800
<v Speaker 1>And it is possible because people do be going places

615
00:37:58.840 --> 00:38:03.760
<v Speaker 1>in doing things. The wealthy often have their own bedrooms

616
00:38:03.840 --> 00:38:08.840
<v Speaker 1>and things like that, and people are moving around a lot,

617
00:38:08.960 --> 00:38:11.000
<v Speaker 1>so there are a lot of moving parts that it

618
00:38:11.079 --> 00:38:16.079
<v Speaker 1>is in theory possible. Like are you going to get

619
00:38:16.400 --> 00:38:21.320
<v Speaker 1>a whole night together? Probably not unless, like your liege

620
00:38:21.320 --> 00:38:23.519
<v Speaker 1>lord is one hundred percent out of town. But these

621
00:38:23.559 --> 00:38:27.239
<v Speaker 1>motherfuckers also go on campaign. You know, if you are

622
00:38:27.360 --> 00:38:31.480
<v Speaker 1>especially high up, the king might send you somewhere and

623
00:38:31.519 --> 00:38:33.360
<v Speaker 1>then you're just away and then it's like a free

624
00:38:33.400 --> 00:38:36.320
<v Speaker 1>for all, super easy to cook then, And I mean

625
00:38:36.360 --> 00:38:37.960
<v Speaker 1>I guess that this is just kind of like one

626
00:38:37.960 --> 00:38:41.800
<v Speaker 1>of those lessons about like who's being nice to the servants.

627
00:38:43.119 --> 00:38:45.119
<v Speaker 1>That's a big one. Like so I mean obviously you're

628
00:38:45.119 --> 00:38:46.840
<v Speaker 1>gonna probably have to pay them off, like money is

629
00:38:46.880 --> 00:38:49.840
<v Speaker 1>going to have to change hands, but like if you

630
00:38:49.960 --> 00:38:52.480
<v Speaker 1>beat your servants or you're horrible to them, then they're

631
00:38:52.519 --> 00:38:55.480
<v Speaker 1>gonna be a lot more likely to like help you

632
00:38:56.079 --> 00:39:02.679
<v Speaker 1>get cooked. I would just say yeah for example, So yeah, yeah,

633
00:39:03.519 --> 00:39:05.320
<v Speaker 1>it is one of these things where like a household

634
00:39:05.320 --> 00:39:08.000
<v Speaker 1>as much for a broad but also because culturally it's

635
00:39:08.079 --> 00:39:12.039
<v Speaker 1>just more understood as like on the cards. It's more

636
00:39:12.079 --> 00:39:13.440
<v Speaker 1>understood as on the cards.

637
00:39:13.360 --> 00:39:17.960
<v Speaker 2>Right, Yeah, I also think there could be not could be.

638
00:39:18.000 --> 00:39:21.199
<v Speaker 2>I would bet a solid amount of money that there

639
00:39:21.280 --> 00:39:25.119
<v Speaker 2>is like a part of part of the stories that

640
00:39:25.159 --> 00:39:27.440
<v Speaker 2>we have and part of the obsession with it or

641
00:39:27.920 --> 00:39:32.119
<v Speaker 2>whatever is that it is titillating and it is wrong,

642
00:39:32.440 --> 00:39:36.079
<v Speaker 2>and it is something that like most people like you know,

643
00:39:36.400 --> 00:39:41.239
<v Speaker 2>it would it would be difficult to find yourself in

644
00:39:41.320 --> 00:39:44.760
<v Speaker 2>that scenario. Like even if you are a very wealthy noble,

645
00:39:44.840 --> 00:39:48.239
<v Speaker 2>it might it's it still might be extremely difficult if

646
00:39:48.280 --> 00:39:51.400
<v Speaker 2>you live, depending on where you live and you know,

647
00:39:51.559 --> 00:39:54.119
<v Speaker 2>any other circumstances of your life. So like you get

648
00:39:54.159 --> 00:39:56.559
<v Speaker 2>that and it's something and it's like oh okay, like

649
00:39:56.639 --> 00:40:01.239
<v Speaker 2>this is you know, like this is you. It's like roleplay.

650
00:40:01.480 --> 00:40:04.079
<v Speaker 2>You know. Yeah, well we called roleplay now like a

651
00:40:04.199 --> 00:40:07.679
<v Speaker 2>version of that. I'm not saying that that was all

652
00:40:07.719 --> 00:40:09.039
<v Speaker 2>it was, but you know.

653
00:40:09.920 --> 00:40:11.679
<v Speaker 1>It's in there. It's in there.

654
00:40:11.760 --> 00:40:13.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I don't think I don't. We know, people have

655
00:40:14.079 --> 00:40:18.000
<v Speaker 2>liked to dress up for a while. As Eleanor said,

656
00:40:18.199 --> 00:40:20.159
<v Speaker 2>if you go back to the de Cameron, there were

657
00:40:20.159 --> 00:40:25.320
<v Speaker 2>a couple of incidents of dress up and so you know,

658
00:40:26.199 --> 00:40:27.920
<v Speaker 2>why wouldn't this be another version of that?

659
00:40:28.199 --> 00:40:29.719
<v Speaker 1>You know, yeah, exactly to me.

660
00:40:30.360 --> 00:40:35.119
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, thank you very much for the question. Baccan Oli,

661
00:40:35.199 --> 00:40:37.239
<v Speaker 2>lover of sixty nine. Next we got one from a

662
00:40:37.360 --> 00:40:43.480
<v Speaker 2>grinch pinball. Having failed my dry January. Are there any fun, funny, effective,

663
00:40:43.599 --> 00:40:47.800
<v Speaker 2>or downright dangerous medieval hangover cures without the modern miracle

664
00:40:48.000 --> 00:40:51.800
<v Speaker 2>of paracetamol. How did they cope? Or did they just

665
00:40:51.960 --> 00:40:52.760
<v Speaker 2>hair of the dog?

666
00:40:52.880 --> 00:40:52.960
<v Speaker 3>It?

667
00:40:54.000 --> 00:40:58.199
<v Speaker 1>Uh? Well, so, in first place, me and all my

668
00:40:58.280 --> 00:41:04.480
<v Speaker 1>homies we hate dry january, just the anti dry January action.

669
00:41:04.679 --> 00:41:07.880
<v Speaker 1>Your pub needs you more in January than ever. And

670
00:41:07.960 --> 00:41:11.840
<v Speaker 1>also it's this is what separates the true professional drinkers

671
00:41:11.880 --> 00:41:16.159
<v Speaker 1>from the fucking amateurs. You know what, Like the amateurs

672
00:41:16.199 --> 00:41:18.559
<v Speaker 1>are doing things like they're going too hard in December.

673
00:41:18.599 --> 00:41:21.280
<v Speaker 1>You need to slow down, babe. You need to go

674
00:41:21.320 --> 00:41:23.400
<v Speaker 1>for dinner before you go to the pub after work

675
00:41:23.400 --> 00:41:25.639
<v Speaker 1>in December. You need to just like keep your fucking

676
00:41:25.639 --> 00:41:31.960
<v Speaker 1>powder dry. Because January is when legends are born. Okay, right,

677
00:41:32.519 --> 00:41:36.760
<v Speaker 1>Like you know your your January drinking form is really

678
00:41:36.880 --> 00:41:40.039
<v Speaker 1>you at your best. So I'm glad you failed because it,

679
00:41:40.239 --> 00:41:42.199
<v Speaker 1>you know, that means that you're doing the right thing.

680
00:41:42.559 --> 00:41:47.199
<v Speaker 1>Dry January is for perverts and sickos and also amateurs. Anyway,

681
00:41:48.400 --> 00:41:51.039
<v Speaker 1>I learned a really good hangover here the other day

682
00:41:52.239 --> 00:41:55.719
<v Speaker 1>from this new book Celtic Magic, where they were like, yeah,

683
00:41:55.760 --> 00:41:58.199
<v Speaker 1>you take a chicken and you chop its head off

684
00:41:58.199 --> 00:42:00.440
<v Speaker 1>and then you put its anus on your foe head

685
00:42:02.679 --> 00:42:07.239
<v Speaker 1>and it'll suck the hangover out. I mean, do I

686
00:42:07.239 --> 00:42:07.920
<v Speaker 1>think that worked?

687
00:42:08.000 --> 00:42:08.039
<v Speaker 3>No?

688
00:42:09.559 --> 00:42:11.360
<v Speaker 1>But it was proffered.

689
00:42:12.639 --> 00:42:16.719
<v Speaker 2>As chicken ain't it's I gotta be honest that that

690
00:42:16.840 --> 00:42:18.920
<v Speaker 2>makes about as much sense as some of the hangover

691
00:42:19.039 --> 00:42:21.239
<v Speaker 2>cures that people have now. They're like, oh I do

692
00:42:21.360 --> 00:42:23.079
<v Speaker 2>this and this and this. It's like just drink a

693
00:42:23.079 --> 00:42:27.000
<v Speaker 2>bunch of water, get some caffeine in your or gatorade

694
00:42:27.159 --> 00:42:30.599
<v Speaker 2>or pedia like, get some like get some liquids float

695
00:42:30.639 --> 00:42:33.719
<v Speaker 2>in your body. Get get some carbs of some kind

696
00:42:33.760 --> 00:42:37.159
<v Speaker 2>in there to soak up the last stuff and you know,

697
00:42:38.119 --> 00:42:40.239
<v Speaker 2>nurse the headache and you'll be fine at some point.

698
00:42:40.320 --> 00:42:43.360
<v Speaker 2>Like it's you know, it's just a it's just it's just.

699
00:42:43.320 --> 00:42:48.360
<v Speaker 1>A Yeah, Anthony Boardings is like something spicy in a coke,

700
00:42:48.639 --> 00:42:51.239
<v Speaker 1>which I think is correct. But I mean like they

701
00:42:51.280 --> 00:42:54.519
<v Speaker 1>also have so they have willow bark, which is basically

702
00:42:54.599 --> 00:42:56.800
<v Speaker 1>like proto aspirin.

703
00:42:57.239 --> 00:42:58.360
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, it's an.

704
00:42:58.280 --> 00:43:01.159
<v Speaker 1>So they will do that. But then also like they

705
00:43:01.320 --> 00:43:05.039
<v Speaker 1>are drinking small beer all the time, so that probably helps,

706
00:43:05.880 --> 00:43:08.000
<v Speaker 1>yeah as well, So like when you're hungover, you can

707
00:43:08.039 --> 00:43:10.880
<v Speaker 1>hit the small beer. It's gonna have just teeny bit

708
00:43:10.920 --> 00:43:13.320
<v Speaker 1>of alcohol on you. And so that like a hair

709
00:43:13.360 --> 00:43:15.599
<v Speaker 1>of the dog, is it, but in like a pretty

710
00:43:15.679 --> 00:43:19.079
<v Speaker 1>chilled out way. But I mean they're probably just gonna

711
00:43:19.119 --> 00:43:23.960
<v Speaker 1>be on the petage uh and and small beer for

712
00:43:23.960 --> 00:43:25.679
<v Speaker 1>for the most part. But on the other hand, we

713
00:43:25.719 --> 00:43:29.360
<v Speaker 1>do see a desire. But like some people want answers

714
00:43:29.400 --> 00:43:33.519
<v Speaker 1>around here, you know, people are demanding hangover heres.

715
00:43:34.239 --> 00:43:36.760
<v Speaker 2>There's a guy who's like, let me let me at

716
00:43:36.840 --> 00:43:40.920
<v Speaker 2>that uh chickens, let me hit that chicken an. Let

717
00:43:40.920 --> 00:43:45.079
<v Speaker 2>me don't worry, I got thist me at the perpetual

718
00:43:45.119 --> 00:43:47.559
<v Speaker 2>There's one guy who just swears by the perpetual stew.

719
00:43:47.639 --> 00:43:49.239
<v Speaker 2>He's like, I'll no better if I just get some

720
00:43:49.280 --> 00:43:52.519
<v Speaker 2>perpetual stew. Look that's all you ever want? Bill fuck?

721
00:43:56.199 --> 00:44:03.480
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, willow bark. That's great, man.

722
00:44:03.559 --> 00:44:05.440
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, you got to hit the willow bark.

723
00:44:05.719 --> 00:44:12.079
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, you gotta hit the.

724
00:44:09.840 --> 00:44:11.440
<v Speaker 1>You've been there, you.

725
00:44:11.360 --> 00:44:13.679
<v Speaker 2>Know, the day after a really rowdy festival in the

726
00:44:13.760 --> 00:44:15.639
<v Speaker 2>town and you just see all these people walking around

727
00:44:15.679 --> 00:44:17.760
<v Speaker 2>with like bark, like out of their earth.

728
00:44:18.719 --> 00:44:19.639
<v Speaker 1>Just gnawing on it.

729
00:44:19.719 --> 00:44:27.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, oh yeah, yes sucks. Oh yeah, grinch Pinball. Thank

730
00:44:27.360 --> 00:44:31.159
<v Speaker 2>you very much for the question. And the podcast does,

731
00:44:31.239 --> 00:44:35.119
<v Speaker 2>of course support people who are trying to quit drinking

732
00:44:35.480 --> 00:44:36.400
<v Speaker 2>because they need to.

733
00:44:37.320 --> 00:44:41.159
<v Speaker 1>I'm we are pro. We are pro are sober homies. Yes,

734
00:44:41.320 --> 00:44:43.280
<v Speaker 1>I want to make that clear, like a shout out

735
00:44:43.320 --> 00:44:46.199
<v Speaker 1>to all of the sober homies and those trying to

736
00:44:46.239 --> 00:44:51.519
<v Speaker 1>get sober. Well, we do not like that efforts. Yeah,

737
00:44:51.440 --> 00:44:57.559
<v Speaker 1>who plan to keep drinking, like who give up in January?

738
00:44:57.599 --> 00:45:01.880
<v Speaker 2>Absolutely not. I don't do it. Uh yeah, it's yeah.

739
00:45:02.039 --> 00:45:04.880
<v Speaker 2>If if that's something you need to do, then uh,

740
00:45:05.039 --> 00:45:08.559
<v Speaker 2>you know, definitely do that for your health. But if

741
00:45:08.599 --> 00:45:11.679
<v Speaker 2>it's just something you know, you know, like an Instagram

742
00:45:11.679 --> 00:45:14.079
<v Speaker 2>thing or people are just uh, you know, they're talking

743
00:45:14.119 --> 00:45:14.760
<v Speaker 2>about it a lot.

744
00:45:14.880 --> 00:45:18.800
<v Speaker 1>No, No, listen, there's no there are no actual benefits

745
00:45:18.960 --> 00:45:21.639
<v Speaker 1>to giving up drinking if you go back to drinking,

746
00:45:21.920 --> 00:45:24.559
<v Speaker 1>that's that's the point. There are tons of benefits to

747
00:45:24.599 --> 00:45:28.119
<v Speaker 1>just giving up drinking altogether, but fundamentally, if you ever

748
00:45:28.280 --> 00:45:33.920
<v Speaker 1>plan going back, there is no benefit. So so and

749
00:45:34.079 --> 00:45:36.239
<v Speaker 1>you know, and I'll tell everyone that to their face

750
00:45:37.199 --> 00:45:38.159
<v Speaker 1>every January.

751
00:45:38.559 --> 00:45:41.920
<v Speaker 2>That's right. So that's right there you go, grunt Pinball,

752
00:45:41.920 --> 00:45:44.599
<v Speaker 2>Thank you very much for the question. Uh. Next, we

753
00:45:44.719 --> 00:45:47.760
<v Speaker 2>got one from Benjamin Cisco, who says, how old is

754
00:45:47.800 --> 00:45:51.000
<v Speaker 2>the Gregorian chant? How far back does it go? Or

755
00:45:51.039 --> 00:45:53.199
<v Speaker 2>is this particular sum more recent than we were led

756
00:45:53.239 --> 00:45:57.159
<v Speaker 2>to believe? Now, it's pretty old, man, Yeah.

757
00:45:57.039 --> 00:46:04.159
<v Speaker 1>It is, like uh like so basically monks chanting. It

758
00:46:04.199 --> 00:46:06.320
<v Speaker 1>goes back a really long time. But we definitely know

759
00:46:06.400 --> 00:46:09.000
<v Speaker 1>that it kind of develops from at least like the

760
00:46:09.519 --> 00:46:12.880
<v Speaker 1>ninth century. And we know that because we have manny

761
00:46:12.880 --> 00:46:14.719
<v Speaker 1>scripts for it, yep.

762
00:46:15.159 --> 00:46:19.000
<v Speaker 2>Right, So the earliest, the earliest version with musical notes

763
00:46:19.079 --> 00:46:24.440
<v Speaker 2>attached to it that survives is from about nine thirty CE,

764
00:46:24.639 --> 00:46:29.280
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, like it, it had to have happened, you know,

765
00:46:29.360 --> 00:46:31.960
<v Speaker 2>in the few hundred years before that, at least for

766
00:46:32.039 --> 00:46:34.039
<v Speaker 2>them to get it to a point where it could

767
00:46:34.079 --> 00:46:35.119
<v Speaker 2>have musical notation.

768
00:46:35.400 --> 00:46:38.360
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, that's right. So we know what's happening before that,

769
00:46:38.440 --> 00:46:41.639
<v Speaker 1>because you know, it doesn't just kind of spring fully

770
00:46:41.760 --> 00:46:45.480
<v Speaker 1>formed from the head of Zeus. You know, we know

771
00:46:45.599 --> 00:46:51.480
<v Speaker 1>that before Gregorian chant, there was Roman chant, which is

772
00:46:51.800 --> 00:46:56.360
<v Speaker 1>slightly different, but that's kind of like a part of

773
00:46:56.480 --> 00:47:00.199
<v Speaker 1>like the Latin rite, and so Gregorian's kind of like

774
00:47:00.239 --> 00:47:04.400
<v Speaker 1>decided they needed their own version, which is cool, and

775
00:47:05.239 --> 00:47:12.519
<v Speaker 1>it is a little bit more influenced by Gallic chad.

776
00:47:13.320 --> 00:47:17.079
<v Speaker 1>So yeah, basically we know that it is around at

777
00:47:17.159 --> 00:47:20.679
<v Speaker 1>least from the ninth century, just based on what Maddy

778
00:47:20.679 --> 00:47:24.320
<v Speaker 1>scripts we have and how reception of these things work.

779
00:47:24.559 --> 00:47:26.800
<v Speaker 1>So it had to have been around long enough for

780
00:47:26.840 --> 00:47:28.920
<v Speaker 1>them to then develop the notation system and that write

781
00:47:28.920 --> 00:47:29.199
<v Speaker 1>it down.

782
00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.119
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. Yeah, And it was known as Gregorian back in

783
00:47:34.159 --> 00:47:38.960
<v Speaker 2>the Middle Ages, and they had their own myth for

784
00:47:39.440 --> 00:47:43.079
<v Speaker 2>a pop likely myth though, I mean I guess possibly

785
00:47:44.000 --> 00:47:47.480
<v Speaker 2>possibly true to some degree that either came from Pope

786
00:47:47.519 --> 00:47:50.039
<v Speaker 2>Gregory the First who died in six oh four, or

787
00:47:50.039 --> 00:47:53.440
<v Speaker 2>Pope Gregory the Second who died in seven fifty one,

788
00:47:53.519 --> 00:48:00.679
<v Speaker 2>because they had asked for psalter type books uh to

789
00:48:00.760 --> 00:48:04.360
<v Speaker 2>be produced to to to kind of do this stuff,

790
00:48:04.360 --> 00:48:07.400
<v Speaker 2>and so it's it's attributed to them, But you know,

791
00:48:08.119 --> 00:48:09.880
<v Speaker 2>that could have been a myth or just you know,

792
00:48:10.159 --> 00:48:15.719
<v Speaker 2>uh an urban I guess, not a a oral legend

793
00:48:15.800 --> 00:48:16.679
<v Speaker 2>at the time.

794
00:48:17.039 --> 00:48:20.320
<v Speaker 1>Like greg Gregory the Great, everyone's obsessed with him. So

795
00:48:20.519 --> 00:48:22.280
<v Speaker 1>like if you just say, oh, yeah, this has to

796
00:48:22.280 --> 00:48:27.280
<v Speaker 1>do with Gregory the Great, everyone's like, oh, so, yeah,

797
00:48:27.320 --> 00:48:28.519
<v Speaker 1>it's one of those things.

798
00:48:28.320 --> 00:48:31.840
<v Speaker 2>Right yeah. And I mean plain chant has been around

799
00:48:31.880 --> 00:48:37.599
<v Speaker 2>for a very long time. There is the they're they're

800
00:48:37.599 --> 00:48:44.000
<v Speaker 2>surviving uh manuscripts and instances that talk about the early

801
00:48:44.760 --> 00:48:47.440
<v Speaker 2>early Jewish groups in the first and second century BCE

802
00:48:47.840 --> 00:48:52.360
<v Speaker 2>chanting psalm chanting some of the psalms in a version

803
00:48:52.360 --> 00:48:55.719
<v Speaker 2>of plain chant, and it's believed that this might have

804
00:48:55.760 --> 00:48:59.960
<v Speaker 2>developed from that, along with the Roman chant and other versions.

805
00:49:00.880 --> 00:49:04.519
<v Speaker 2>You know, as we've talked about before, there are you know,

806
00:49:04.760 --> 00:49:10.880
<v Speaker 2>many kinds of monophonic chants across across the ancient and

807
00:49:10.960 --> 00:49:15.159
<v Speaker 2>medieval worlds. But yeah, it's been around since at least

808
00:49:15.199 --> 00:49:21.199
<v Speaker 2>the ninth at least the ninth century, probably a little

809
00:49:21.199 --> 00:49:23.920
<v Speaker 2>earlier than that too, just to get it to musical notation.

810
00:49:24.320 --> 00:49:27.840
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, it's you know, it's a thing they did

811
00:49:27.840 --> 00:49:30.159
<v Speaker 2>in the Middle Ages, and they did call it their gregory.

812
00:49:30.239 --> 00:49:33.199
<v Speaker 2>They didn't call it gregory, and I don't know if

813
00:49:33.199 --> 00:49:34.960
<v Speaker 2>they called it a chant, but they definitely named it

814
00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:39.119
<v Speaker 2>after after one of the Gregoris. So yeah, Benjamincisco, thank

815
00:49:39.159 --> 00:49:42.239
<v Speaker 2>you very much for the question. Next we got one

816
00:49:42.280 --> 00:49:44.800
<v Speaker 2>from the final vow who says, I have a question

817
00:49:44.880 --> 00:49:48.480
<v Speaker 2>about sex ed, both for peasants and nobility. Besides having

818
00:49:48.519 --> 00:49:51.320
<v Speaker 2>a vague understanding of what sex is, was anyone teaching

819
00:49:51.400 --> 00:49:54.480
<v Speaker 2>children adolescents about the birds and the bees, the storks,

820
00:49:54.519 --> 00:49:58.239
<v Speaker 2>the cabbage, and whatever local euphemisms there are? Occasionally I

821
00:49:58.280 --> 00:50:01.239
<v Speaker 2>hear about noble and politically important marriages that don't produce

822
00:50:01.239 --> 00:50:03.360
<v Speaker 2>an air, with the wife being under pressure about it,

823
00:50:03.400 --> 00:50:05.239
<v Speaker 2>only to later find out that there was no sex

824
00:50:05.280 --> 00:50:09.280
<v Speaker 2>happening to begin with. That seems ridiculous. Why would someone

825
00:50:09.280 --> 00:50:12.880
<v Speaker 2>whose sole entire purposes the production of an air not

826
00:50:12.920 --> 00:50:14.400
<v Speaker 2>be told the basics of how to do that to

827
00:50:14.440 --> 00:50:16.280
<v Speaker 2>begin with? Or is that just a modern thing being

828
00:50:16.320 --> 00:50:17.239
<v Speaker 2>projected back?

829
00:50:18.199 --> 00:50:21.159
<v Speaker 1>Well, okay, so to an extent, this is a modern

830
00:50:21.159 --> 00:50:24.880
<v Speaker 1>thing being projected back. Like quite famously, this is one

831
00:50:24.920 --> 00:50:29.760
<v Speaker 1>of the rumors about Marie Antoinette. Yeah, was that she

832
00:50:29.800 --> 00:50:33.199
<v Speaker 1>didn't know, which is why it took her so long

833
00:50:33.280 --> 00:50:37.880
<v Speaker 1>to produce airs, you know. And indeed Louis the seventeenth

834
00:50:37.920 --> 00:50:42.280
<v Speaker 1>I think was her husband. All Louise sounded alike to me. Sixteen, yeah, sixteenth.

835
00:50:42.320 --> 00:50:47.480
<v Speaker 1>There you go. They they didn't know what the fuck

836
00:50:47.519 --> 00:50:50.239
<v Speaker 1>they were doing. But that is like quite modern. So

837
00:50:50.840 --> 00:50:53.639
<v Speaker 1>you know, ideas about sex have really changed by them

838
00:50:54.119 --> 00:50:57.639
<v Speaker 1>in terms of peasants and things like that. One of

839
00:50:57.679 --> 00:50:59.920
<v Speaker 1>the big things that is really different is you live

840
00:51:00.119 --> 00:51:05.559
<v Speaker 1>on a farm, so you see animals fucking constantly. Yeah, like,

841
00:51:05.719 --> 00:51:08.320
<v Speaker 1>and this is a world where you know, you don't

842
00:51:08.400 --> 00:51:11.880
<v Speaker 1>for example, even Spain new to your dogs and cats.

843
00:51:12.199 --> 00:51:18.320
<v Speaker 1>Occasionally you will geld pigs or horses, but you're gelding

844
00:51:18.360 --> 00:51:21.000
<v Speaker 1>pigs and horses so that you can make them bigger

845
00:51:21.519 --> 00:51:23.760
<v Speaker 1>and so that they don't fuck. And even then you

846
00:51:24.039 --> 00:51:26.760
<v Speaker 1>they're they're gonna be like, why is daddy chopping the

847
00:51:27.000 --> 00:51:30.760
<v Speaker 1>horse's balls off? Yeah, right, so you're seeing a lot

848
00:51:30.760 --> 00:51:33.880
<v Speaker 1>more animals have sex, So like it's gonna get explained

849
00:51:33.920 --> 00:51:37.679
<v Speaker 1>to you like that real quick, right, just because of

850
00:51:37.880 --> 00:51:40.440
<v Speaker 1>how how things work. You're just gonna be like, yep,

851
00:51:40.480 --> 00:51:43.320
<v Speaker 1>that's how babies are born, and you're gonna see baby

852
00:51:43.360 --> 00:51:46.840
<v Speaker 1>things being born all the time. There's a fucking lambing season, right.

853
00:51:46.719 --> 00:51:50.360
<v Speaker 2>Like you're going to help or see probably if there's

854
00:51:50.440 --> 00:51:53.480
<v Speaker 2>any livestock around you, you are going to bear witness

855
00:51:53.559 --> 00:51:55.800
<v Speaker 2>to the beauty and horror of nature, like.

856
00:51:55.800 --> 00:51:58.840
<v Speaker 1>One hundred percent. And it's quite likely as well that

857
00:51:58.920 --> 00:52:01.199
<v Speaker 1>at some time in your life, if you survive, you're

858
00:52:01.239 --> 00:52:03.880
<v Speaker 1>going to see your mother get pregnant and like you know,

859
00:52:04.000 --> 00:52:07.239
<v Speaker 1>she's going to give birth in your house, right, like.

860
00:52:07.320 --> 00:52:10.519
<v Speaker 2>You might have you might have heard her get pregnant. Yeah,

861
00:52:10.679 --> 00:52:11.880
<v Speaker 2>trying to be weird.

862
00:52:11.719 --> 00:52:14.159
<v Speaker 1>But but it's true. And that's and that's the other thing.

863
00:52:14.239 --> 00:52:17.320
<v Speaker 1>They don't have the same forms of privacy as we do.

864
00:52:17.519 --> 00:52:19.719
<v Speaker 1>A lot of times people are sleeping in the same room.

865
00:52:20.079 --> 00:52:22.440
<v Speaker 1>Do they have curtains around their beds? Yeah they do,

866
00:52:23.480 --> 00:52:24.440
<v Speaker 1>but you know, people.

867
00:52:24.440 --> 00:52:25.800
<v Speaker 2>Curtains stop everything.

868
00:52:28.920 --> 00:52:31.519
<v Speaker 1>Not the way I'm doing my thing, not the way.

869
00:52:31.400 --> 00:52:34.199
<v Speaker 2>Anybody throughout history has been doing their thing. Even if

870
00:52:34.239 --> 00:52:37.239
<v Speaker 2>you like, even if you're like as quiet as possible,

871
00:52:38.079 --> 00:52:41.880
<v Speaker 2>you know, you're still gonna hear a little. You're still

872
00:52:41.880 --> 00:52:43.480
<v Speaker 2>gonna hear the slap a little. I don't know what.

873
00:52:43.920 --> 00:52:45.360
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I don't know what to tell you, dog, Like

874
00:52:45.360 --> 00:52:48.960
<v Speaker 1>that's just how it is. So that is going to

875
00:52:49.039 --> 00:52:51.559
<v Speaker 1>be a little bit more of a thing, Like, you know,

876
00:52:51.599 --> 00:52:54.039
<v Speaker 1>peasants are just going to know more. And indeed we

877
00:52:54.119 --> 00:52:56.920
<v Speaker 1>do see this in terms of like criticisms of the peasantry.

878
00:52:56.960 --> 00:53:03.159
<v Speaker 1>So for example, in when we you read Deane Moray

879
00:53:03.280 --> 00:53:05.400
<v Speaker 1>or The Art of Courtly Love, you know, one of

880
00:53:05.440 --> 00:53:07.400
<v Speaker 1>the things that they say is like, oh, yeah, well

881
00:53:07.880 --> 00:53:11.000
<v Speaker 1>peasants are incapable of love, and they run like the

882
00:53:11.000 --> 00:53:14.280
<v Speaker 1>beasts of the field, right they you know, so they're

883
00:53:14.320 --> 00:53:16.880
<v Speaker 1>they're just like they're they're kind of like a form

884
00:53:16.920 --> 00:53:19.760
<v Speaker 1>of livestock such cope.

885
00:53:19.840 --> 00:53:29.639
<v Speaker 2>They're like they'll.

886
00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:27.159
<v Speaker 1>Never know what it's like to try to cook their

887
00:53:27.239 --> 00:53:35.679
<v Speaker 1>master or whatever the fuck. So like, yeah, that is

888
00:53:35.800 --> 00:53:37.639
<v Speaker 1>that is like a big thing that's going on now.

889
00:53:37.920 --> 00:53:45.920
<v Speaker 1>Four four the average noble person, they are more likely

890
00:53:45.960 --> 00:53:51.280
<v Speaker 1>to receive an actual education, if we're if we're being honest,

891
00:53:52.679 --> 00:53:57.039
<v Speaker 1>because it's like, uh, it is like one of these

892
00:53:57.039 --> 00:53:58.760
<v Speaker 1>things where they are just educated in a lot of things.

893
00:53:58.800 --> 00:53:59.920
<v Speaker 1>So they're the ones who are going to be like

894
00:54:00.039 --> 00:54:03.159
<v Speaker 1>reading Aristotle about this, you know, They're gonna be the

895
00:54:03.199 --> 00:54:05.280
<v Speaker 1>ones that are like getting a kind of a Gaalenic

896
00:54:05.440 --> 00:54:09.199
<v Speaker 1>education about whatever the fuck this means. And that makes

897
00:54:09.199 --> 00:54:14.719
<v Speaker 1>a big difference. So yeah, I just don't think I

898
00:54:15.079 --> 00:54:17.440
<v Speaker 1>don't think that it's really all the cards in terms

899
00:54:17.440 --> 00:54:18.280
<v Speaker 1>of the medieval world.

900
00:54:18.320 --> 00:54:19.199
<v Speaker 2>The whole oh we.

901
00:54:19.159 --> 00:54:22.480
<v Speaker 1>Didn't know what sex was, because it's just like it's

902
00:54:22.760 --> 00:54:26.280
<v Speaker 1>just a really different world. You've got to invent privacy

903
00:54:26.320 --> 00:54:30.880
<v Speaker 1>in bedrooms and all these other things hallways, you know,

904
00:54:32.480 --> 00:54:36.079
<v Speaker 1>you know, in order for for like you'd have absolutely

905
00:54:36.079 --> 00:54:39.760
<v Speaker 1>no contact with the concept of sex, like unless you're growth,

906
00:54:39.800 --> 00:54:43.119
<v Speaker 1>you are a novice monk or nune and even then

907
00:54:43.199 --> 00:54:44.599
<v Speaker 1>you know they're fucking each other.

908
00:54:44.679 --> 00:54:51.639
<v Speaker 2>So like yeah, yeah, I mean yeah, it's uh And

909
00:54:51.719 --> 00:54:54.840
<v Speaker 2>I mean, look, you I'm not saying that that the

910
00:54:54.880 --> 00:54:57.039
<v Speaker 2>parents are gonna like sit down and be like as

911
00:54:57.119 --> 00:55:01.920
<v Speaker 2>open and forthright and sex positive as as we like

912
00:55:02.039 --> 00:55:04.800
<v Speaker 2>to to be now or we like to think we

913
00:55:04.840 --> 00:55:09.119
<v Speaker 2>are or whatever. But like a decent even a decent

914
00:55:09.239 --> 00:55:11.880
<v Speaker 2>parent is going to be like, look, what you got

915
00:55:11.880 --> 00:55:15.039
<v Speaker 2>to expect, like and especially like for like a mom,

916
00:55:15.480 --> 00:55:18.079
<v Speaker 2>like this is what you got to expect, like this,

917
00:55:18.559 --> 00:55:22.599
<v Speaker 2>like you know, this is childbirth is terrible, is beautiful

918
00:55:22.679 --> 00:55:26.199
<v Speaker 2>and terrible and and your body's gonna you know, and

919
00:55:26.199 --> 00:55:29.440
<v Speaker 2>and you you know, And I don't think that people

920
00:55:29.920 --> 00:55:34.800
<v Speaker 2>didn't have those conversations in the past. That doesn't seem Uh,

921
00:55:35.960 --> 00:55:38.360
<v Speaker 2>that doesn't seem sane to me, because even even the

922
00:55:38.400 --> 00:55:41.000
<v Speaker 2>most prudish people like you know, if you if you

923
00:55:41.119 --> 00:55:44.440
<v Speaker 2>love and and want to look out for your kids,

924
00:55:44.440 --> 00:55:48.880
<v Speaker 2>having them understand the broad basics of this thing that it,

925
00:55:49.000 --> 00:55:51.280
<v Speaker 2>you know, that can bring you so much happiness and

926
00:55:51.280 --> 00:55:55.400
<v Speaker 2>can you know, also be forced upon you, you know, against

927
00:55:55.440 --> 00:55:58.119
<v Speaker 2>your will. Uh. You know, I think that is is

928
00:55:58.199 --> 00:56:00.760
<v Speaker 2>just part of good parenting, you know. And I mean

929
00:56:01.599 --> 00:56:04.400
<v Speaker 2>so maybe they were having the birds and the bees conversation,

930
00:56:04.559 --> 00:56:08.159
<v Speaker 2>but that just doesn't you know, they it didn't it

931
00:56:08.199 --> 00:56:10.239
<v Speaker 2>didn't ever become enough of a problem that the church

932
00:56:10.360 --> 00:56:13.039
<v Speaker 2>was like, stop it, stop telling them how to fuck,

933
00:56:13.239 --> 00:56:16.119
<v Speaker 2>stop doing the finger, stop doing the finger and the

934
00:56:16.159 --> 00:56:17.760
<v Speaker 2>circle finger thing. Stop it.

935
00:56:17.880 --> 00:56:22.440
<v Speaker 1>No Nope, bad dogs dogs Uh yeah.

936
00:56:21.960 --> 00:56:26.519
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, final val, Yeah, thank you very much for the question.

937
00:56:27.000 --> 00:56:27.320
<v Speaker 3>Uh.

938
00:56:27.440 --> 00:56:30.880
<v Speaker 2>Next, we got one from gafsei. Uh, this is super broad,

939
00:56:31.280 --> 00:56:33.840
<v Speaker 2>kind of loaded, but I'm curious how Islam was able

940
00:56:33.880 --> 00:56:37.480
<v Speaker 2>to basically bootstrap an entirely new civilization that scaled from

941
00:56:37.519 --> 00:56:40.559
<v Speaker 2>city state to world empire in a matter of decades,

942
00:56:41.079 --> 00:56:44.039
<v Speaker 2>not in terms of conquest of conquest, but in terms

943
00:56:44.079 --> 00:56:49.400
<v Speaker 2>of creating or adapting law, administration, culture while drawing on

944
00:56:49.679 --> 00:56:54.000
<v Speaker 2>various sources. How did they do that and turn it

945
00:56:54.039 --> 00:56:54.840
<v Speaker 2>into its own thing?

946
00:56:56.559 --> 00:56:58.960
<v Speaker 1>I mean, this is a good question because it's like

947
00:57:00.360 --> 00:57:05.480
<v Speaker 1>it's difficult to actually say, I guess, is the problem

948
00:57:05.679 --> 00:57:11.880
<v Speaker 1>that we've got here where like how do cultural things

949
00:57:11.960 --> 00:57:18.840
<v Speaker 1>trickle down exactly hard because they don't generally say to us, yeah,

950
00:57:18.920 --> 00:57:22.679
<v Speaker 1>like like this is this is how we're seeing it. Like,

951
00:57:23.199 --> 00:57:27.000
<v Speaker 1>I mean, I guess that one of the big things

952
00:57:27.000 --> 00:57:29.519
<v Speaker 1>that they managed to do is at first they're not

953
00:57:29.679 --> 00:57:35.039
<v Speaker 1>trying to do a new civilization, right. I think that

954
00:57:35.039 --> 00:57:39.559
<v Speaker 1>that's kind of like the things of like eventually adapting law,

955
00:57:39.639 --> 00:57:43.119
<v Speaker 1>Like the adaptation of laws, what's the most important thing, right,

956
00:57:43.400 --> 00:57:46.440
<v Speaker 1>Because they're basically coming out, they're doing some guerrilla warfare,

957
00:57:47.400 --> 00:57:50.639
<v Speaker 1>they're taking over varying cities and then the city and

958
00:57:50.679 --> 00:57:52.760
<v Speaker 1>they're like, oh, yeah, we control the city now, and

959
00:57:52.800 --> 00:57:54.639
<v Speaker 1>then everyone goes, do I need to do anything? And

960
00:57:54.679 --> 00:57:58.440
<v Speaker 1>they're like no, not really right, And I mean basically,

961
00:57:58.480 --> 00:58:01.639
<v Speaker 1>you know, my argument is that the the major thing

962
00:58:02.480 --> 00:58:09.280
<v Speaker 1>that they've done within all of this is just the Jizia. Yep, really,

963
00:58:09.480 --> 00:58:13.920
<v Speaker 1>because it's like with the jizia, ain't nobody wants to

964
00:58:13.960 --> 00:58:19.239
<v Speaker 1>fucking like a deal like they are are like, okay, well,

965
00:58:19.320 --> 00:58:22.480
<v Speaker 1>you know, new people took over my town. Well whatever,

966
00:58:22.519 --> 00:58:24.800
<v Speaker 1>it didn't change my life that much, and it's like,

967
00:58:24.800 --> 00:58:27.320
<v Speaker 1>oh what, you know what might change your fucking life

968
00:58:27.840 --> 00:58:31.440
<v Speaker 1>not having to pay tax anymore because you've accepted the

969
00:58:31.519 --> 00:58:36.920
<v Speaker 1>light of Islam, right, And so it's more kind of

970
00:58:37.039 --> 00:58:41.280
<v Speaker 1>like pan Islamic. I mean, like I guess in terms

971
00:58:41.320 --> 00:58:44.320
<v Speaker 1>of like, yeah, then they don't want to make pictures

972
00:58:44.320 --> 00:58:48.800
<v Speaker 1>of things anymore. So like horror vacuie as an artistic

973
00:58:48.880 --> 00:58:53.079
<v Speaker 1>style is invented, right, which is that and that's cool?

974
00:58:53.159 --> 00:58:53.639
<v Speaker 1>We like that?

975
00:58:55.039 --> 00:58:59.559
<v Speaker 2>Yeah? So yeah, yeah, I think yeah, I think a

976
00:58:59.599 --> 00:59:01.840
<v Speaker 2>big thing and I mean we'll talk about it when

977
00:59:01.880 --> 00:59:07.159
<v Speaker 2>we talk about medieval Iran, but I think a big

978
00:59:07.599 --> 00:59:13.559
<v Speaker 2>part of this is that especially early on, the Muslims,

979
00:59:14.360 --> 00:59:19.480
<v Speaker 2>they took whatever administration was there, and even when they

980
00:59:19.519 --> 00:59:21.760
<v Speaker 2>got even in the six fifties when they got to

981
00:59:22.760 --> 00:59:27.559
<v Speaker 2>Persia and the Iranian Plateau, they did it like the

982
00:59:27.840 --> 00:59:34.840
<v Speaker 2>vestiges of I came in in rule and the administration

983
00:59:34.960 --> 00:59:37.400
<v Speaker 2>that they had set up were still kind of in

984
00:59:37.480 --> 00:59:42.280
<v Speaker 2>place because they had been held over by the successors

985
00:59:42.280 --> 00:59:44.760
<v Speaker 2>of Alexander the Gray blah blah blah blah blah. But

986
00:59:45.400 --> 00:59:47.880
<v Speaker 2>they were able to do They were able to use

987
00:59:48.000 --> 00:59:54.280
<v Speaker 2>the systems in place to take these people over from

988
00:59:54.320 --> 00:59:57.400
<v Speaker 2>the top. They had to, of course win military victories first,

989
00:59:57.599 --> 01:00:02.360
<v Speaker 2>and there were you know, campaigns of pressure to you know,

990
01:00:02.599 --> 01:00:05.800
<v Speaker 2>like the soft pressure of like the not having to

991
01:00:05.800 --> 01:00:08.880
<v Speaker 2>pay the jiju to to convert and the soft pressure

992
01:00:08.920 --> 01:00:12.119
<v Speaker 2>of of you know, wanting to ingratiate yourself more to

993
01:00:12.199 --> 01:00:16.559
<v Speaker 2>the people in power. Uh. Those are both very big deals.

994
01:00:16.800 --> 01:00:20.599
<v Speaker 2>So you let that do the work over time. But

995
01:00:20.639 --> 01:00:23.519
<v Speaker 2>I mean, like, uh, the the one of the first

996
01:00:23.519 --> 01:00:30.880
<v Speaker 2>commanders of the arrate. Uh, the one of the first

997
01:00:30.880 --> 01:00:35.800
<v Speaker 2>commanders who was dealing with the uh Islamization of Iran

998
01:00:36.440 --> 01:00:40.599
<v Speaker 2>was umar Ibin al Katab and he was like his

999
01:00:40.639 --> 01:00:43.239
<v Speaker 2>whole thing. There are surviving letters that he wrote. He

1000
01:00:43.320 --> 01:00:47.639
<v Speaker 2>was like, look, don't like, don't go so hard on

1001
01:00:48.760 --> 01:00:51.760
<v Speaker 2>basically like you you shear the sheep, you can only

1002
01:00:51.800 --> 01:00:54.719
<v Speaker 2>skin it once. So don't you know, don't skin these people.

1003
01:00:54.800 --> 01:00:59.239
<v Speaker 2>Don't like, uh, help out, help out the week, you know,

1004
01:00:59.360 --> 01:01:03.519
<v Speaker 2>but don't just like retain your title and your command.

1005
01:01:03.719 --> 01:01:05.880
<v Speaker 2>But you know, help these people. And if they want

1006
01:01:05.920 --> 01:01:08.559
<v Speaker 2>to convert, that's great, But at the beginning they didn't do.

1007
01:01:09.639 --> 01:01:13.920
<v Speaker 2>There are very few, if any, legitimate records of forest

1008
01:01:13.920 --> 01:01:20.559
<v Speaker 2>conversion because the jiju ameliorate, and you know, it ameliorates

1009
01:01:20.599 --> 01:01:23.280
<v Speaker 2>that you want a lot of a lot of people,

1010
01:01:23.440 --> 01:01:27.840
<v Speaker 2>you know, who aren't who aren't dimmy, you know, the

1011
01:01:27.920 --> 01:01:33.599
<v Speaker 2>protected you know, Muslim citizens you want like you want that.

1012
01:01:33.679 --> 01:01:36.000
<v Speaker 2>And so they were able to just glom onto that.

1013
01:01:36.199 --> 01:01:39.679
<v Speaker 2>And as they came in and they built mosque and

1014
01:01:39.840 --> 01:01:42.920
<v Speaker 2>their military power was there, they could just take over.

1015
01:01:43.000 --> 01:01:44.679
<v Speaker 2>And some of the places they went to were like

1016
01:01:44.760 --> 01:01:48.480
<v Speaker 2>you know what fine, like you know, it's this place

1017
01:01:48.639 --> 01:01:54.920
<v Speaker 2>is disunited. At this point, the Selki kids, you know,

1018
01:01:55.239 --> 01:01:59.440
<v Speaker 2>falling apart, the Sasanians are falling apart, like it's it's

1019
01:01:59.599 --> 01:02:03.280
<v Speaker 2>just you just go in there and you just and

1020
01:02:03.719 --> 01:02:06.760
<v Speaker 2>you you have a light hand about it now. I

1021
01:02:06.760 --> 01:02:11.280
<v Speaker 2>mean they did force Zoroastrianism out, but are not out.

1022
01:02:11.360 --> 01:02:13.840
<v Speaker 2>But they they forced it to the margins. But like

1023
01:02:15.039 --> 01:02:19.400
<v Speaker 2>they didn't fully eradicate it. They didn't for a long time.

1024
01:02:22.320 --> 01:02:27.280
<v Speaker 2>They they weren't bent on just completely destroying Zoroastrianism as

1025
01:02:27.360 --> 01:02:29.719
<v Speaker 2>more as it was just like it's going to get

1026
01:02:29.719 --> 01:02:33.800
<v Speaker 2>thrown out as like a as a consequence of what

1027
01:02:33.840 --> 01:02:36.719
<v Speaker 2>we do, because you know, they're they're the non believers.

1028
01:02:37.440 --> 01:02:41.440
<v Speaker 2>And I mean at the beginning, they they let they

1029
01:02:41.480 --> 01:02:46.880
<v Speaker 2>let captured Zoroastrianism who were captured as slaves. They they

1030
01:02:46.960 --> 01:02:49.199
<v Speaker 2>freed them if they converted to Islam, Like you know,

1031
01:02:49.280 --> 01:02:51.719
<v Speaker 2>that's not you don't do that if you're if you're

1032
01:02:51.719 --> 01:02:55.840
<v Speaker 2>doing like an actual like genocidal or cultural genocidal thing.

1033
01:02:56.480 --> 01:02:58.960
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, I mean I think it was they The

1034
01:02:58.960 --> 01:03:05.920
<v Speaker 2>way they bootstrapped it was they pounced on existing government

1035
01:03:06.599 --> 01:03:13.039
<v Speaker 2>state apparatuses that existed and use those to springboard to power.

1036
01:03:13.280 --> 01:03:15.639
<v Speaker 2>And they had the military might. And once they had

1037
01:03:15.679 --> 01:03:19.280
<v Speaker 2>the military might and they set up their rule. As

1038
01:03:19.320 --> 01:03:24.000
<v Speaker 2>they did it, people just started coming to the faith.

1039
01:03:24.159 --> 01:03:26.199
<v Speaker 2>I mean, of course they did some of that by

1040
01:03:26.239 --> 01:03:30.199
<v Speaker 2>the sword. I'm not lessening any of that, but from

1041
01:03:30.199 --> 01:03:32.599
<v Speaker 2>an administrative perspective, I think that's the only way they

1042
01:03:32.599 --> 01:03:34.360
<v Speaker 2>could have done it, because it's not like they were

1043
01:03:34.519 --> 01:03:37.320
<v Speaker 2>calling back on It's not like they could call on

1044
01:03:37.400 --> 01:03:40.400
<v Speaker 2>an administrative framework that had been around for a few centuries.

1045
01:03:40.480 --> 01:03:45.440
<v Speaker 2>You know, Muhammad died in it was six point thirty

1046
01:03:45.440 --> 01:03:47.360
<v Speaker 2>two like something like that, you know, and this is

1047
01:03:47.360 --> 01:03:50.880
<v Speaker 2>six fifty one, nineteen years later, you know, so it's yeah.

1048
01:03:51.880 --> 01:03:54.480
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, Like I mean, I think we have a

1049
01:03:54.519 --> 01:03:57.360
<v Speaker 1>tendency now to look back in time and say, okay,

1050
01:03:57.360 --> 01:04:02.480
<v Speaker 1>well there is like this completed project of Islamic culture,

1051
01:04:03.039 --> 01:04:06.599
<v Speaker 1>like Capital I, Capital C. But that's kind of an

1052
01:04:06.639 --> 01:04:10.559
<v Speaker 1>anacrotism because what we're doing is we're we're looking at

1053
01:04:10.559 --> 01:04:12.480
<v Speaker 1>what that is now and we're saying, oh, and here

1054
01:04:12.519 --> 01:04:14.360
<v Speaker 1>are the hallmarks up it. I think that it's actually

1055
01:04:14.400 --> 01:04:16.920
<v Speaker 1>a project over a series of years.

1056
01:04:17.280 --> 01:04:20.440
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean, were they were able to take political

1057
01:04:20.920 --> 01:04:25.199
<v Speaker 2>marshal and legitimate control.

1058
01:04:25.880 --> 01:04:27.039
<v Speaker 1>But certainly, like.

1059
01:04:27.000 --> 01:04:29.440
<v Speaker 2>When we taught we look at the Zoroastrians now and

1060
01:04:29.480 --> 01:04:32.239
<v Speaker 2>there are less than two hundred thousand of them worldwide,

1061
01:04:32.760 --> 01:04:38.599
<v Speaker 2>But like the Zoroastrians in on the Iranian Plateau weren't

1062
01:04:38.760 --> 01:04:42.400
<v Speaker 2>really like annihilated to like the tiny fragment we know

1063
01:04:42.519 --> 01:04:45.199
<v Speaker 2>of now until like the eleventh or twelfth century like,

1064
01:04:45.280 --> 01:04:51.920
<v Speaker 2>so it's not like they didn't just do that, you know,

1065
01:04:52.280 --> 01:04:54.519
<v Speaker 2>just to start out with. It was a long process.

1066
01:04:54.559 --> 01:05:00.599
<v Speaker 2>It took forever. Yeah, Gaffzie, thank you for the question.

1067
01:05:00.679 --> 01:05:03.880
<v Speaker 2>We got a couple more. First is one that I

1068
01:05:04.119 --> 01:05:08.960
<v Speaker 2>just found incredibly Zany from Pearl River, who says I

1069
01:05:09.000 --> 01:05:13.159
<v Speaker 2>was reading cod by Mark Kurlansky, and it opens with

1070
01:05:13.280 --> 01:05:17.320
<v Speaker 2>an idea that the Basque knew that the Americas were

1071
01:05:17.320 --> 01:05:21.519
<v Speaker 2>there before Columbus, given their long journeys into the Atlantic,

1072
01:05:21.920 --> 01:05:26.079
<v Speaker 2>which brought them into contact with North American currents and fisheries,

1073
01:05:26.159 --> 01:05:29.960
<v Speaker 2>if not the continent itself. How likely is this given

1074
01:05:30.000 --> 01:05:33.559
<v Speaker 2>that I've never seen any evidence of it before we

1075
01:05:33.599 --> 01:05:39.679
<v Speaker 2>go on. The Basque are a Spanish people's from the

1076
01:05:41.079 --> 01:05:46.960
<v Speaker 2>from Iberia and parts of southern France, and they are

1077
01:05:47.000 --> 01:05:50.480
<v Speaker 2>in central and northern Spain. Some of them are along

1078
01:05:50.519 --> 01:05:54.039
<v Speaker 2>the coast. But to be clear, if you want to

1079
01:05:54.079 --> 01:05:58.119
<v Speaker 2>go this far, you have to cross the widest part

1080
01:05:58.199 --> 01:06:06.320
<v Speaker 2>of the Atlantic. Uh. Weird. Look with with pre with

1081
01:06:06.440 --> 01:06:14.360
<v Speaker 2>pre caravel boat technology and uh, I'm not saying it

1082
01:06:14.440 --> 01:06:21.119
<v Speaker 2>was totally completely impossible, but I am saying that, yeah,

1083
01:06:21.239 --> 01:06:23.920
<v Speaker 2>it's un based on what based on what we know.

1084
01:06:24.079 --> 01:06:29.559
<v Speaker 1>It was like, yeah, look, you know, having just come

1085
01:06:29.639 --> 01:06:32.119
<v Speaker 1>back from an island in the middle of the Atlantic,

1086
01:06:32.320 --> 01:06:40.159
<v Speaker 1>missen homie, I don't really think so. So we have

1087
01:06:40.239 --> 01:06:44.440
<v Speaker 1>some weird evidence that people have got to the Azores

1088
01:06:46.039 --> 01:06:49.039
<v Speaker 1>from kind of early on in that they found like

1089
01:06:49.320 --> 01:06:52.719
<v Speaker 1>mouse skeletons on the island and mice and mice aren't

1090
01:06:52.800 --> 01:06:56.840
<v Speaker 1>native there and the but the my skeletons seem to

1091
01:06:56.880 --> 01:07:01.679
<v Speaker 1>have DNA that is possibly from northern Europe or Scandinavia.

1092
01:07:02.280 --> 01:07:04.039
<v Speaker 1>And then so some people have argued that means that

1093
01:07:04.039 --> 01:07:06.039
<v Speaker 1>the Vikings made it out there, but then other people

1094
01:07:06.119 --> 01:07:09.679
<v Speaker 1>pointed out that like mice just be getting places. So

1095
01:07:09.719 --> 01:07:11.760
<v Speaker 1>it's just like a mouse could have been on a

1096
01:07:11.840 --> 01:07:14.000
<v Speaker 1>Viking ship and then gone off and got on another

1097
01:07:14.039 --> 01:07:17.320
<v Speaker 1>ship and then ended up in the Azores. Right, we

1098
01:07:17.400 --> 01:07:21.280
<v Speaker 1>know that from at least the fourteenth century, the Azores

1099
01:07:21.360 --> 01:07:26.079
<v Speaker 1>are mapped. They show up in the mediit Atalysts and

1100
01:07:26.119 --> 01:07:30.280
<v Speaker 1>then of course the Catalan Atlas. But also, you know,

1101
01:07:30.400 --> 01:07:33.159
<v Speaker 1>like this idea that you know, the enemy of the

1102
01:07:33.199 --> 01:07:37.639
<v Speaker 1>podcast Columbus like discovered the Americas, or that nobody knew

1103
01:07:37.679 --> 01:07:41.920
<v Speaker 1>that they were there, isn't exactly correct either, right, Like

1104
01:07:42.719 --> 01:07:44.440
<v Speaker 1>as is you know, I'm sure all listeners of the

1105
01:07:44.480 --> 01:07:46.840
<v Speaker 1>show know that nobody thought the world was flat, but

1106
01:07:47.639 --> 01:07:50.280
<v Speaker 1>people had a good idea that there was probably something

1107
01:07:50.280 --> 01:07:51.039
<v Speaker 1>else over there.

1108
01:07:52.119 --> 01:07:56.519
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they like they had they had suggested it. Ancient Greeks,

1109
01:07:56.519 --> 01:07:59.039
<v Speaker 2>I can't remember which one off the top of my

1110
01:07:59.119 --> 01:08:04.480
<v Speaker 2>head right now, posited other continents on the other side

1111
01:08:04.639 --> 01:08:10.079
<v Speaker 2>of the Big Ocean from them. Yeah, but I mean,

1112
01:08:10.199 --> 01:08:14.840
<v Speaker 2>like the Azores are, Yeah, they weren't settled until like

1113
01:08:14.880 --> 01:08:18.039
<v Speaker 2>fourteen thirty two. Like, yeah, they take them that long

1114
01:08:18.119 --> 01:08:21.119
<v Speaker 2>to get to the Azores and those are technically off

1115
01:08:21.159 --> 01:08:24.199
<v Speaker 2>the coast of the European peninsula, like.

1116
01:08:24.399 --> 01:08:27.119
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, and like I mean, so here, here's the

1117
01:08:27.119 --> 01:08:30.880
<v Speaker 1>thing is, like, you know, we'd travels. Everybody knew that

1118
01:08:30.960 --> 01:08:34.680
<v Speaker 1>the Vikings made it to Labrador, yeah, and shit, like

1119
01:08:34.680 --> 01:08:37.560
<v Speaker 1>and they they knew, they knew there was something over there.

1120
01:08:39.000 --> 01:08:41.359
<v Speaker 1>But also, like, I don't know, the idea that the

1121
01:08:41.399 --> 01:08:45.720
<v Speaker 1>Basque like had had a unique knowledge seems weird to me,

1122
01:08:47.000 --> 01:08:49.760
<v Speaker 1>even though I love our good comrades the Basque, who

1123
01:08:49.760 --> 01:08:52.520
<v Speaker 1>should be free from the oppressive yoke of Spain obviously,

1124
01:08:53.520 --> 01:08:58.760
<v Speaker 1>but like it just doesn't really line up with what

1125
01:08:59.039 --> 01:09:03.560
<v Speaker 1>we know about movement at the time. So yeah, like

1126
01:09:03.600 --> 01:09:06.680
<v Speaker 1>it's people knew that there was likely some land out there,

1127
01:09:06.720 --> 01:09:10.199
<v Speaker 1>they knew the Vikings had got somewhere, and they couldn't

1128
01:09:10.239 --> 01:09:12.760
<v Speaker 1>They just kind of couldn't get there. So all of

1129
01:09:12.800 --> 01:09:16.079
<v Speaker 1>that is true. But like specifically linking this up with

1130
01:09:16.199 --> 01:09:17.880
<v Speaker 1>Basque miss is an odd one to me.

1131
01:09:19.239 --> 01:09:25.560
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, I don't. I mean, I don't know, I

1132
01:09:25.640 --> 01:09:30.119
<v Speaker 2>just don't. There's nothing that has ever suggested that they

1133
01:09:30.239 --> 01:09:37.039
<v Speaker 2>could that the boating technology as it existed, that the

1134
01:09:37.079 --> 01:09:39.800
<v Speaker 2>boating technology of the time would have allowed someone before

1135
01:09:40.079 --> 01:09:46.840
<v Speaker 2>the like fourteen eighties or so to really make the

1136
01:09:47.079 --> 01:09:51.520
<v Speaker 2>entire trip across the Atlantic, because the Atlantic is not

1137
01:09:53.000 --> 01:09:57.159
<v Speaker 2>terribly calm, especially the North like any any North Atlantic

1138
01:09:57.199 --> 01:10:00.720
<v Speaker 2>stuff is. The weather is not great. It's like the

1139
01:10:01.119 --> 01:10:05.439
<v Speaker 2>current it's just a rough it's just a rough road

1140
01:10:05.479 --> 01:10:10.520
<v Speaker 2>to hoe. And they don't and I mean, if it

1141
01:10:10.560 --> 01:10:13.920
<v Speaker 2>took it till fourteen thirty two to get to the Azores,

1142
01:10:14.000 --> 01:10:17.880
<v Speaker 2>like it's just not like, I don't see how sense.

1143
01:10:18.000 --> 01:10:21.520
<v Speaker 2>Yeah yeah, And I mean people we're talking about this

1144
01:10:21.560 --> 01:10:24.159
<v Speaker 2>when the question was asked in the Discord and found

1145
01:10:24.199 --> 01:10:27.119
<v Speaker 2>like an old article from the New York Times in

1146
01:10:27.199 --> 01:10:31.520
<v Speaker 2>nineteen twenty seven that said that they you know, it

1147
01:10:31.119 --> 01:10:36.520
<v Speaker 2>was suggesting that they had the Basque had discovered codfish

1148
01:10:36.680 --> 01:10:40.119
<v Speaker 2>in America long before like Columbus or something like that.

1149
01:10:40.159 --> 01:10:43.920
<v Speaker 2>And I have no fucking idea how you arrive at

1150
01:10:43.920 --> 01:10:44.760
<v Speaker 2>that conclusion.

1151
01:10:44.920 --> 01:10:48.279
<v Speaker 1>But I mean, like, I mean, maybe cod, but I'm

1152
01:10:48.319 --> 01:10:51.439
<v Speaker 1>not quite sure, Like maybe they're just like some wandering

1153
01:10:51.520 --> 01:10:55.920
<v Speaker 1>cod you know, yeah, they do be getting around, right, So.

1154
01:10:56.960 --> 01:11:00.680
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I would I would have to do or research

1155
01:11:00.720 --> 01:11:04.359
<v Speaker 2>on that, but I just can't think of a plausible

1156
01:11:04.520 --> 01:11:10.079
<v Speaker 2>way in which that expanse could be covered given what

1157
01:11:10.159 --> 01:11:13.920
<v Speaker 2>we know. Because again, the you know, we've talked many

1158
01:11:13.920 --> 01:11:17.800
<v Speaker 2>times about the Pacific Islanders and their ships could could

1159
01:11:17.840 --> 01:11:20.159
<v Speaker 2>cover such long distances based on how they built them

1160
01:11:20.199 --> 01:11:24.920
<v Speaker 2>and everything like that, and then comparing that to the Vikings,

1161
01:11:24.960 --> 01:11:27.760
<v Speaker 2>who were very prodigious sailors, and they were of course

1162
01:11:27.920 --> 01:11:31.039
<v Speaker 2>very hardy and were very good at what they did,

1163
01:11:31.119 --> 01:11:34.640
<v Speaker 2>but like they still had to to island, jump from

1164
01:11:35.199 --> 01:11:39.840
<v Speaker 2>you know, from Norway into the British Islands and everything

1165
01:11:39.880 --> 01:11:42.359
<v Speaker 2>around there, and then to Iceland and then to Greenland

1166
01:11:42.439 --> 01:11:45.600
<v Speaker 2>and then they finally humped over jumped over to Newfoundland

1167
01:11:45.640 --> 01:11:47.880
<v Speaker 2>for a little while, and it was you know, they

1168
01:11:47.920 --> 01:11:49.840
<v Speaker 2>had to do that because they didn't have the same

1169
01:11:49.880 --> 01:11:52.880
<v Speaker 2>ship technology at the time, So you know, I just

1170
01:11:52.920 --> 01:11:57.000
<v Speaker 2>don't Yeah, I don't see how you accomplish it without that.

1171
01:11:57.760 --> 01:12:00.960
<v Speaker 1>And like, look, it's it's an interesting theory. I would

1172
01:12:01.000 --> 01:12:04.720
<v Speaker 1>need to see like way more on it, because it's

1173
01:12:04.800 --> 01:12:08.039
<v Speaker 1>just at this point it doesn't it doesn't quite line

1174
01:12:08.159 --> 01:12:10.880
<v Speaker 1>up with the information that we have, is what I

1175
01:12:10.920 --> 01:12:14.159
<v Speaker 1>would say about it. I'm not saying that it is impossible.

1176
01:12:14.199 --> 01:12:17.720
<v Speaker 1>I'm saying it is unlikely, and that given what we

1177
01:12:17.840 --> 01:12:24.079
<v Speaker 1>do know about settlement within the Atlantic and spheres of

1178
01:12:24.119 --> 01:12:29.279
<v Speaker 1>influence and ship technology, I just don't think. But and

1179
01:12:29.520 --> 01:12:32.199
<v Speaker 1>there's a difference between people knowing there's land over there,

1180
01:12:33.399 --> 01:12:36.479
<v Speaker 1>which everybody does, right like, and I think that is

1181
01:12:36.479 --> 01:12:38.239
<v Speaker 1>important to talk about because I think that the way

1182
01:12:38.239 --> 01:12:42.279
<v Speaker 1>that we relate to you know, ideas of conquest and

1183
01:12:42.920 --> 01:12:46.479
<v Speaker 1>you know, colonization and things like that are incredibly problematic.

1184
01:12:46.520 --> 01:12:49.920
<v Speaker 1>Like acting as though fucking christic for Columbus did anything

1185
01:12:49.920 --> 01:12:54.600
<v Speaker 1>good ever in his life is a real issue. But

1186
01:12:55.359 --> 01:12:57.840
<v Speaker 1>having said that, that's that's not quite the same thing.

1187
01:12:58.000 --> 01:13:01.159
<v Speaker 2>Right, Yeah, yeah, I mean, yeah, columb was a Columbus

1188
01:13:01.199 --> 01:13:04.399
<v Speaker 2>was a fine sailor like that, Like he you don't

1189
01:13:04.520 --> 01:13:07.000
<v Speaker 2>you can't cross the Atlantic like that and not be

1190
01:13:07.039 --> 01:13:08.760
<v Speaker 2>at least pretty good at it. But he was like

1191
01:13:08.800 --> 01:13:12.520
<v Speaker 2>a demonic and awful person. He was like terrible at

1192
01:13:12.560 --> 01:13:15.439
<v Speaker 2>basically everything else he tried. He was a slaver, you know,

1193
01:13:15.560 --> 01:13:18.600
<v Speaker 2>all all the stuff. But you know, like it at

1194
01:13:18.600 --> 01:13:21.479
<v Speaker 2>some point the technology comes into like the hands of

1195
01:13:21.680 --> 01:13:25.600
<v Speaker 2>new people and then they you use it how how

1196
01:13:25.880 --> 01:13:27.960
<v Speaker 2>you know it gets used And that's just that, you know,

1197
01:13:28.000 --> 01:13:33.039
<v Speaker 2>that historical happenstance. So yeah, he's just you know, I

1198
01:13:33.119 --> 01:13:35.640
<v Speaker 2>just don't see how you're doing it without the technology.

1199
01:13:35.680 --> 01:13:39.159
<v Speaker 2>But uh, yeah, I guess it all means on what

1200
01:13:39.159 --> 01:13:40.119
<v Speaker 2>what all of this?

1201
01:13:40.199 --> 01:13:44.319
<v Speaker 1>I guess hinges on what we mean by no. Yeah,

1202
01:13:44.439 --> 01:13:46.359
<v Speaker 1>that's you know, something is somewhere, that's all.

1203
01:13:46.520 --> 01:13:46.760
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

1204
01:13:46.840 --> 01:13:51.079
<v Speaker 2>I I'll say this, if we did find evidence of it,

1205
01:13:51.119 --> 01:13:54.239
<v Speaker 2>I'd be very happy about it. Anything to like cut

1206
01:13:54.279 --> 01:13:57.199
<v Speaker 2>Columbus down even more is funny and be funny.

1207
01:13:57.239 --> 01:14:00.399
<v Speaker 1>So yeah, I think that someone would have written it

1208
01:14:00.439 --> 01:14:01.439
<v Speaker 1>down too. Yeah.

1209
01:14:01.479 --> 01:14:02.960
<v Speaker 2>I think someone would have written it down, and I

1210
01:14:02.960 --> 01:14:05.039
<v Speaker 2>think it would be a much more well known thing

1211
01:14:05.159 --> 01:14:09.600
<v Speaker 2>because like even though the Viking settlement isn't quite as

1212
01:14:09.760 --> 01:14:12.520
<v Speaker 2>is definitely not as well known as Columbus, Like it's

1213
01:14:12.560 --> 01:14:15.479
<v Speaker 2>still out there in like the general milieu. It's not

1214
01:14:15.720 --> 01:14:22.439
<v Speaker 2>just tied into like extreme academic circles or anything like that. Anyway. Yeah,

1215
01:14:22.479 --> 01:14:24.760
<v Speaker 2>Pearl River, thank you for the question. Last one for

1216
01:14:24.800 --> 01:14:29.840
<v Speaker 2>today from vast and trunkless Tosies. How were medieval conceptions

1217
01:14:29.840 --> 01:14:32.119
<v Speaker 2>of property different from modern mons and how did they

1218
01:14:32.199 --> 01:14:35.600
<v Speaker 2>change over time? Or put it more crudely, today we

1219
01:14:35.640 --> 01:14:38.560
<v Speaker 2>think of property is a right that the state enforces

1220
01:14:38.680 --> 01:14:41.840
<v Speaker 2>with its monopoly on violence. Who is doing that if

1221
01:14:41.880 --> 01:14:43.560
<v Speaker 2>there's no police?

1222
01:14:43.800 --> 01:14:48.720
<v Speaker 1>Okay, so the courts do it. And so this is

1223
01:14:48.920 --> 01:14:53.600
<v Speaker 1>the vast majority of medieval documents that survived to us

1224
01:14:53.600 --> 01:15:00.800
<v Speaker 1>outside religious ones are motherfucking charters yep, and to me

1225
01:15:01.199 --> 01:15:05.159
<v Speaker 1>is just charter town. There are, like I mean, within

1226
01:15:05.199 --> 01:15:07.199
<v Speaker 1>medieval studies, there are all sorts of people who they

1227
01:15:07.279 --> 01:15:09.560
<v Speaker 1>just do charters, and God bless them for the work

1228
01:15:09.600 --> 01:15:14.239
<v Speaker 1>they're doing. I do not give a shit. I'm glad

1229
01:15:14.279 --> 01:15:17.159
<v Speaker 1>they're having a nice time. I'm not saying that it

1230
01:15:17.199 --> 01:15:20.159
<v Speaker 1>isn't important. I'm just saying I will never do that.

1231
01:15:20.720 --> 01:15:24.039
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, their studies were incredibly important to us when

1232
01:15:24.039 --> 01:15:27.000
<v Speaker 2>we were doing the land management series. You get a

1233
01:15:27.039 --> 01:15:30.199
<v Speaker 2>lot of that info about like this is where the

1234
01:15:30.239 --> 01:15:32.479
<v Speaker 2>ponds were, and this is you know, this is what

1235
01:15:32.479 --> 01:15:34.680
<v Speaker 2>they were complaining about to each other. But yeah, it's

1236
01:15:34.720 --> 01:15:40.079
<v Speaker 2>a painstaking, meticulous work to say the very least. Yeah,

1237
01:15:40.119 --> 01:15:40.840
<v Speaker 2>And like.

1238
01:15:42.000 --> 01:15:47.680
<v Speaker 1>So really when we talk about court in the medieval period,

1239
01:15:47.880 --> 01:15:50.359
<v Speaker 1>you know, now, when we think about courts of law,

1240
01:15:50.479 --> 01:15:53.199
<v Speaker 1>we tend to think about them as being like specifically

1241
01:15:53.600 --> 01:15:59.199
<v Speaker 1>legal for the enforcement of law in terms of like criminality.

1242
01:16:00.159 --> 01:16:04.720
<v Speaker 1>But in a medieval sense, courts existed to enforce charters,

1243
01:16:04.760 --> 01:16:10.119
<v Speaker 1>like to enforce property law. That's all they are there for. Like,

1244
01:16:11.079 --> 01:16:13.079
<v Speaker 1>the only thing that they are fucking there for really

1245
01:16:13.199 --> 01:16:16.399
<v Speaker 1>is is the legal things. Because you know, if you

1246
01:16:16.399 --> 01:16:18.600
<v Speaker 1>are found guilty of a crime, then usually it just

1247
01:16:18.640 --> 01:16:20.439
<v Speaker 1>like kind of gets taken care of. Like yeah, you

1248
01:16:20.520 --> 01:16:22.399
<v Speaker 1>might get two set before a court, but that's not

1249
01:16:22.560 --> 01:16:25.560
<v Speaker 1>the major thing they're doing. And you have to produce

1250
01:16:25.600 --> 01:16:27.880
<v Speaker 1>your charters. There will be a bunch of arguments about that.

1251
01:16:28.199 --> 01:16:32.000
<v Speaker 1>There are like acute things that people will have in

1252
01:16:32.079 --> 01:16:33.800
<v Speaker 1>order to kind of show that a charter is real.

1253
01:16:33.920 --> 01:16:37.479
<v Speaker 1>Like sometimes they will make a parchment and then cut

1254
01:16:37.479 --> 01:16:40.079
<v Speaker 1>it in a particular style so that the two halves

1255
01:16:40.079 --> 01:16:43.199
<v Speaker 1>of it have to bind together, so that everybody knows

1256
01:16:43.239 --> 01:16:45.479
<v Speaker 1>that they're that they've got the right part of it.

1257
01:16:45.800 --> 01:16:49.279
<v Speaker 1>But it's interesting because it's just like exactly the opposite

1258
01:16:49.720 --> 01:16:51.680
<v Speaker 1>to now where it's like now we're like, oh, you

1259
01:16:51.720 --> 01:16:54.159
<v Speaker 1>go to a court because you know, you stole something,

1260
01:16:55.119 --> 01:16:58.319
<v Speaker 1>and also they enforce law. Medival people are like, you

1261
01:16:58.359 --> 01:17:03.439
<v Speaker 1>go to the court to enforce your property lines. Yeah,

1262
01:17:03.720 --> 01:17:05.680
<v Speaker 1>and that and that that's what it is, that's what

1263
01:17:05.720 --> 01:17:08.560
<v Speaker 1>it's there for. So yeah, and you just do it

1264
01:17:08.600 --> 01:17:11.479
<v Speaker 1>because obviously this is the sort of things like this

1265
01:17:11.640 --> 01:17:14.840
<v Speaker 1>is the people who have the monopoly on violence are

1266
01:17:14.880 --> 01:17:17.880
<v Speaker 1>the ones with the property mm hmm. So like you

1267
01:17:17.920 --> 01:17:19.520
<v Speaker 1>don't need cops because this is all a bunch of

1268
01:17:19.600 --> 01:17:22.119
<v Speaker 1>nobles that they are. They are all the cops.

1269
01:17:22.800 --> 01:17:28.560
<v Speaker 2>Yep, yeah, yeah, it's the state. So it's been said that,

1270
01:17:28.680 --> 01:17:31.920
<v Speaker 2>you know, there's no history of the state that is

1271
01:17:31.920 --> 01:17:35.359
<v Speaker 2>not also a history of violence or something like that.

1272
01:17:35.520 --> 01:17:38.199
<v Speaker 2>And you know, that's not to say that that states

1273
01:17:38.239 --> 01:17:42.800
<v Speaker 2>inevitably create violence every at all times, regardless, but it

1274
01:17:42.880 --> 01:17:47.359
<v Speaker 2>is to say that wherever there's a state, somebody has

1275
01:17:47.399 --> 01:17:52.680
<v Speaker 2>had a monopoly of violence over someone else, and that

1276
01:17:52.960 --> 01:17:56.159
<v Speaker 2>takes on different forms, whether that's the tribal leader with

1277
01:17:56.800 --> 01:18:00.199
<v Speaker 2>his thugs, whether that's a king with his arm me,

1278
01:18:00.479 --> 01:18:06.039
<v Speaker 2>whether that is you know, an emperor with a with

1279
01:18:06.079 --> 01:18:12.560
<v Speaker 2>a coterie of of officials who were you know, just

1280
01:18:12.600 --> 01:18:16.359
<v Speaker 2>putting out decrees for their satraps to do or whatever. Like,

1281
01:18:16.920 --> 01:18:19.600
<v Speaker 2>the state has always had a monopoly of violence and

1282
01:18:19.760 --> 01:18:24.239
<v Speaker 2>has always enforced uh itself in that way. And I mean,

1283
01:18:25.800 --> 01:18:31.720
<v Speaker 2>you know they that that's been happening for thousands on

1284
01:18:31.920 --> 01:18:35.159
<v Speaker 2>thousands and thousands of years, probably before we technically got

1285
01:18:35.319 --> 01:18:38.920
<v Speaker 2>civilization together. As we understand it, there was probably some

1286
01:18:39.039 --> 01:18:41.800
<v Speaker 2>monopoly of violence for like tribal leaders of some kind,

1287
01:18:41.880 --> 01:18:47.720
<v Speaker 2>but like, you know, none of if the king didn't

1288
01:18:47.800 --> 01:18:52.840
<v Speaker 2>have some kind of power to enforce these edicts that

1289
01:18:52.920 --> 01:18:55.840
<v Speaker 2>these people have agreed to or whatever mechanisms they've been agreed,

1290
01:18:56.239 --> 01:18:58.640
<v Speaker 2>then they wouldn't be the king. Someone else would step

1291
01:18:58.720 --> 01:19:00.960
<v Speaker 2>in and do it, or if the name didn't hold

1292
01:19:01.039 --> 01:19:03.720
<v Speaker 2>enough power or something like that, because I mean they're

1293
01:19:03.760 --> 01:19:08.479
<v Speaker 2>like there's always a scheming vizier, there's always a grasping noble,

1294
01:19:08.600 --> 01:19:12.680
<v Speaker 2>there's always a you know whatever who can probably pay

1295
01:19:12.800 --> 01:19:16.279
<v Speaker 2>enough people or mercenaries to you know, do whatever they want.

1296
01:19:16.920 --> 01:19:21.439
<v Speaker 2>But can they pay enough mercenaries that they'll have more

1297
01:19:21.520 --> 01:19:26.520
<v Speaker 2>than the king's personal cavalry guard and archers and the

1298
01:19:26.680 --> 01:19:30.279
<v Speaker 2>armies or you know, the retainers that are loyal to him.

1299
01:19:31.319 --> 01:19:35.560
<v Speaker 2>I mean, you know, probably for most people, probably not,

1300
01:19:35.720 --> 01:19:38.840
<v Speaker 2>because in order to do that for a state of

1301
01:19:38.840 --> 01:19:40.720
<v Speaker 2>any size, you need to be able to play thousands

1302
01:19:40.800 --> 01:19:44.319
<v Speaker 2>upon thousands upon thousands of people you know of mercenaries

1303
01:19:45.000 --> 01:19:47.600
<v Speaker 2>or you know, whoever, and you just don't have even

1304
01:19:47.680 --> 01:19:53.279
<v Speaker 2>even if like for for William the Conqueror to do it,

1305
01:19:53.359 --> 01:19:55.479
<v Speaker 2>like he was only able to do this because he

1306
01:19:55.560 --> 01:19:58.560
<v Speaker 2>was from a unique warrior culture and they were looking

1307
01:19:58.680 --> 01:20:02.039
<v Speaker 2>to expand. He came over and he had you know,

1308
01:20:02.159 --> 01:20:06.800
<v Speaker 2>six to eight thousand like hardy like soldiers around him

1309
01:20:06.920 --> 01:20:09.880
<v Speaker 2>that were gathered to him through different you know, bonds

1310
01:20:10.039 --> 01:20:14.079
<v Speaker 2>and their relationships have been cultivated, and I mean he

1311
01:20:14.159 --> 01:20:16.399
<v Speaker 2>did pull some more people when he came over here

1312
01:20:16.439 --> 01:20:19.640
<v Speaker 2>to his side, but like that's what you have to

1313
01:20:19.680 --> 01:20:21.520
<v Speaker 2>have if you're going to do that, and and the

1314
01:20:21.680 --> 01:20:26.039
<v Speaker 2>number that you need only continues to grow the more,

1315
01:20:26.399 --> 01:20:29.199
<v Speaker 2>like the longer you go on. That's why like revolutions,

1316
01:20:29.239 --> 01:20:33.039
<v Speaker 2>when you study them, they never happen overnight because like

1317
01:20:33.880 --> 01:20:36.520
<v Speaker 2>even if everybody in the country is really frustrated with

1318
01:20:36.640 --> 01:20:40.479
<v Speaker 2>something there has to be stuff that like that melds

1319
01:20:40.479 --> 01:20:43.960
<v Speaker 2>the people together and they come together to understand, like

1320
01:20:45.359 --> 01:20:47.560
<v Speaker 2>we have to fight this for like X, Y and

1321
01:20:47.720 --> 01:20:50.520
<v Speaker 2>Z reasons instead of like, well, we're just a bunch

1322
01:20:50.600 --> 01:20:54.039
<v Speaker 2>of separate people. Like it takes a lot of effort

1323
01:20:54.079 --> 01:20:57.479
<v Speaker 2>to be able to take down an entrenched state. That's why,

1324
01:20:57.560 --> 01:21:01.119
<v Speaker 2>you know, that's what the entropy of empire is, interpute monarchy,

1325
01:21:01.199 --> 01:21:05.600
<v Speaker 2>the entropy of capitalism. And yeah, but I mean they

1326
01:21:05.800 --> 01:21:08.960
<v Speaker 2>they did. They did have different ideas of property to

1327
01:21:09.000 --> 01:21:16.079
<v Speaker 2>certain extents, but like the enclosure process and the primitive

1328
01:21:16.079 --> 01:21:20.880
<v Speaker 2>accumulation of capital, those things have been happening for eons,

1329
01:21:20.960 --> 01:21:25.039
<v Speaker 2>Like even though it took until the High Middle Ages

1330
01:21:25.079 --> 01:21:27.039
<v Speaker 2>for it to really start to get going in places

1331
01:21:27.079 --> 01:21:30.960
<v Speaker 2>like England and stuff. I mean, China privatized a lot

1332
01:21:30.960 --> 01:21:33.640
<v Speaker 2>of their land two hundred years before Jesus was born,

1333
01:21:33.840 --> 01:21:37.399
<v Speaker 2>Like you know, it's just like it's it was a

1334
01:21:37.399 --> 01:21:40.039
<v Speaker 2>different it was, it was it wasn't a full privatization,

1335
01:21:40.159 --> 01:21:45.319
<v Speaker 2>but they still did it. Like it's the problem. The

1336
01:21:45.560 --> 01:21:47.399
<v Speaker 2>thing about Marx, and the thing that Marx was right

1337
01:21:47.439 --> 01:21:49.720
<v Speaker 2>about is that the problem is the way that we

1338
01:21:49.840 --> 01:21:54.560
<v Speaker 2>treat property as this inalienable thing that has this like right,

1339
01:21:54.760 --> 01:21:57.000
<v Speaker 2>and the person who happens to own it at this

1340
01:21:57.239 --> 01:22:00.399
<v Speaker 2>time as long as they have a long as they

1341
01:22:00.439 --> 01:22:02.800
<v Speaker 2>have enough of a connection to the monopoly of violence

1342
01:22:03.199 --> 01:22:08.520
<v Speaker 2>to defend that right, that's the fucking problem because like

1343
01:22:08.800 --> 01:22:11.159
<v Speaker 2>you know, even when two people are fighting over a

1344
01:22:11.159 --> 01:22:13.760
<v Speaker 2>boundary line and it's going to move like a foot

1345
01:22:13.800 --> 01:22:17.600
<v Speaker 2>in one direction or the other, like, that's still using

1346
01:22:17.680 --> 01:22:21.239
<v Speaker 2>this system to decide what property is what. And and

1347
01:22:22.520 --> 01:22:25.119
<v Speaker 2>you know why why you can like court an off

1348
01:22:25.199 --> 01:22:27.920
<v Speaker 2>property and tell people that they cannot come on it

1349
01:22:28.000 --> 01:22:31.720
<v Speaker 2>for any reason, even if they need it to you know, survive.

1350
01:22:31.880 --> 01:22:33.800
<v Speaker 2>Like we talked about when the forestry episode, like if

1351
01:22:33.840 --> 01:22:35.680
<v Speaker 2>you're going to go into the forest, like you know,

1352
01:22:35.800 --> 01:22:39.159
<v Speaker 2>and they cut the peasants off from that. So, I

1353
01:22:39.159 --> 01:22:43.319
<v Speaker 2>mean that's you know, we've never fully undone the primitive

1354
01:22:43.319 --> 01:22:47.960
<v Speaker 2>accumulation of power. We've never fully undone, uh, the systems

1355
01:22:47.960 --> 01:22:50.079
<v Speaker 2>that have been piling on top of each other from

1356
01:22:50.199 --> 01:22:56.680
<v Speaker 2>you know, uh since since civilization began and since we uh,

1357
01:22:56.840 --> 01:23:01.079
<v Speaker 2>since class was delineated between people. Whenever you want to

1358
01:23:01.119 --> 01:23:05.920
<v Speaker 2>say that that actually happened, Yeah, we've never done that.

1359
01:23:06.000 --> 01:23:08.560
<v Speaker 2>And that's the thing about communism and socialism. That's why

1360
01:23:08.600 --> 01:23:11.880
<v Speaker 2>it's hard, That's why it's it's an insane thing.

1361
01:23:13.079 --> 01:23:17.760
<v Speaker 1>We're fighting against a lot of very entrenched ideas from

1362
01:23:17.760 --> 01:23:18.560
<v Speaker 1>the rule in class.

1363
01:23:18.640 --> 01:23:22.359
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and and not to like excuse people, but like

1364
01:23:22.560 --> 01:23:25.600
<v Speaker 2>to be completely honest, that's like why it's so difficult

1365
01:23:25.640 --> 01:23:29.000
<v Speaker 2>for a lot of people to accept commune, like to

1366
01:23:29.199 --> 01:23:31.720
<v Speaker 2>accept these things, even if they see everything is wrong

1367
01:23:31.800 --> 01:23:34.560
<v Speaker 2>and they completely agree with you. And that capitalism is

1368
01:23:34.680 --> 01:23:41.239
<v Speaker 2>just a fucking like endless hell disaster, a horror show

1369
01:23:41.760 --> 01:23:46.399
<v Speaker 2>like that that only grinds people to dust. That's all

1370
01:23:46.439 --> 01:23:50.399
<v Speaker 2>we've ever known. That's all we've ever known. And when

1371
01:23:50.399 --> 01:23:52.439
<v Speaker 2>you're talking about this stuff you're talking about like the

1372
01:23:52.479 --> 01:23:57.239
<v Speaker 2>elimination of borders and like the destruction of these things

1373
01:23:57.319 --> 01:24:02.600
<v Speaker 2>that have been around since summer, like you know, and yeah,

1374
01:24:02.760 --> 01:24:06.439
<v Speaker 2>that fucking terrifies people. And yeah, I mean I wish

1375
01:24:06.479 --> 01:24:08.880
<v Speaker 2>it didn't, but like you get why it does. Like

1376
01:24:08.960 --> 01:24:10.920
<v Speaker 2>it's like, yeah, well.

1377
01:24:10.840 --> 01:24:13.199
<v Speaker 1>It's like a better the double you know situation.

1378
01:24:14.439 --> 01:24:18.039
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, yeah, I mean so that's basically it. Like,

1379
01:24:18.159 --> 01:24:21.439
<v Speaker 2>you know, if there's a state, somebody has a monopoly

1380
01:24:21.479 --> 01:24:25.359
<v Speaker 2>of force of some kind, and if there is private property,

1381
01:24:26.319 --> 01:24:31.920
<v Speaker 2>meaning you know, uh, you know private land private Uh

1382
01:24:32.079 --> 01:24:32.399
<v Speaker 2>you know.

1383
01:24:33.319 --> 01:24:35.880
<v Speaker 1>We differentiat here between private property and personal property.

1384
01:24:35.920 --> 01:24:39.399
<v Speaker 2>Obviously personal properties, yeah, the stuff like it's basically the

1385
01:24:39.439 --> 01:24:41.920
<v Speaker 2>movable stuff that you own that like you can like

1386
01:24:42.000 --> 01:24:45.720
<v Speaker 2>you know, like your uh you know, your book, so

1387
01:24:45.800 --> 01:24:49.479
<v Speaker 2>you're you know, your phone and all that sort of stuff.

1388
01:24:49.560 --> 01:24:52.520
<v Speaker 2>And and that's different from from private property, which is

1389
01:24:52.560 --> 01:24:55.640
<v Speaker 2>like where we have privatized like the actual ownership of

1390
01:24:56.199 --> 01:24:59.840
<v Speaker 2>parcels of land and you know, trespassing blah blah blah.

1391
01:25:00.079 --> 01:25:04.199
<v Speaker 2>Yeah anyway, yeah, uh, Aston Trunkle was Tozy's thank you

1392
01:25:05.000 --> 01:25:08.520
<v Speaker 2>for the question. I do wish that we had a better,

1393
01:25:08.880 --> 01:25:14.039
<v Speaker 2>more cheery answer for you, but unfortunately, uh yeah, you know.

1394
01:25:14.520 --> 01:25:15.840
<v Speaker 1>Not yet, comrade, not yet.

1395
01:25:16.039 --> 01:25:16.319
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

1396
01:25:16.439 --> 01:25:20.680
<v Speaker 2>Well we'll get there, though, we will. We will get there. Inchila,

1397
01:25:20.880 --> 01:25:23.640
<v Speaker 2>et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. Uh, that's going to

1398
01:25:23.720 --> 01:25:25.840
<v Speaker 2>do it for us today, folks, Thank you very much

1399
01:25:25.880 --> 01:25:28.840
<v Speaker 2>for listening. As I said, next time we will be back.

1400
01:25:29.119 --> 01:25:32.079
<v Speaker 2>We're going to talk a little bit about uh pre

1401
01:25:32.199 --> 01:25:35.640
<v Speaker 2>modern Iran. We're going to uh probably kind of start

1402
01:25:35.680 --> 01:25:40.720
<v Speaker 2>with the Achaemenids because it's very interesting and uh yeah,

1403
01:25:40.760 --> 01:25:43.560
<v Speaker 2>why the hell not, and then we'll talk a little

1404
01:25:43.560 --> 01:25:45.199
<v Speaker 2>bit about the rest of it. It'll probably be a

1405
01:25:45.239 --> 01:25:49.760
<v Speaker 2>couple episodes. Uh, but yeah, we'll we'll see. Iran is

1406
01:25:49.880 --> 01:25:53.640
<v Speaker 2>very interesting and uh, as we're going to see has

1407
01:25:53.680 --> 01:25:58.159
<v Speaker 2>actually had a line of kings that stretch for longer

1408
01:25:58.359 --> 01:26:02.199
<v Speaker 2>than the line of emperors that had so that is

1409
01:26:02.239 --> 01:26:07.520
<v Speaker 2>pretty fucking crazy, but we will Even even though Arama

1410
01:26:07.640 --> 01:26:10.159
<v Speaker 2>was of course ruled by various other states during that time,

1411
01:26:10.199 --> 01:26:15.279
<v Speaker 2>they still had their own kings. Anyway, Yeah, check that out.

1412
01:26:15.560 --> 01:26:18.880
<v Speaker 2>That'll be coming next week, eleanor what what you got

1413
01:26:18.920 --> 01:26:19.159
<v Speaker 2>going on?

1414
01:26:19.960 --> 01:26:23.399
<v Speaker 1>Well, I don't even fucking know anymore. Dog, Mostly I've

1415
01:26:23.439 --> 01:26:25.760
<v Speaker 1>just been writing at the middle, which is at the

1416
01:26:25.760 --> 01:26:27.800
<v Speaker 1>middle at the moment, which is probably a good thing.

1417
01:26:28.520 --> 01:26:32.680
<v Speaker 1>Uh So yeah, like that's what's up. Oh, if you want,

1418
01:26:34.159 --> 01:26:37.000
<v Speaker 1>I forced them at work to let me do an

1419
01:26:37.159 --> 01:26:40.039
<v Speaker 1>entire episode about the avenue on papacy over at Golm Medieval.

1420
01:26:40.640 --> 01:26:41.600
<v Speaker 2>So nice.

1421
01:26:42.079 --> 01:26:45.319
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, because like that's what happens when Trump mentions it.

1422
01:26:45.359 --> 01:26:48.800
<v Speaker 1>I was like, ho, so, yeah, you're gonna go check

1423
01:26:48.840 --> 01:26:51.640
<v Speaker 1>that out if you want to hear more of my bullshit.

1424
01:26:52.600 --> 01:26:52.960
<v Speaker 2>Otherwise.

1425
01:26:53.039 --> 01:26:54.359
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's like I've got a bunch of things that

1426
01:26:54.439 --> 01:26:57.000
<v Speaker 1>in the work that haven't quite come up. Yeah, so

1427
01:26:57.079 --> 01:26:59.600
<v Speaker 1>I'll let you know when it's out, but otherwise, you know,

1428
01:27:00.520 --> 01:27:04.760
<v Speaker 1>I'm on the socials at Going Medieval, in particular on

1429
01:27:04.880 --> 01:27:08.720
<v Speaker 1>bluesky Dot app. I'm over there yelling about British politics

1430
01:27:08.720 --> 01:27:09.960
<v Speaker 1>at the moment. That's mostly what's up.

1431
01:27:10.920 --> 01:27:11.239
<v Speaker 3>Nice.

1432
01:27:12.279 --> 01:27:15.960
<v Speaker 2>You can find me a people's history of the Old Republic.

1433
01:27:16.000 --> 01:27:18.800
<v Speaker 2>If you want to hear my old show where I

1434
01:27:18.880 --> 01:27:23.279
<v Speaker 2>yap about Star Wars. You can find me on the socials.

1435
01:27:23.399 --> 01:27:28.600
<v Speaker 2>Luke is amazing. I try to hit both of them,

1436
01:27:28.640 --> 01:27:31.800
<v Speaker 2>but I don't always do. It depends on the day

1437
01:27:31.840 --> 01:27:36.760
<v Speaker 2>and how annoyed I am at various things. But anyway, yeah,

1438
01:27:36.800 --> 01:27:38.880
<v Speaker 2>thank you all very much for listening, and we'll see

1439
01:27:38.880 --> 01:27:39.479
<v Speaker 2>you next time.

1440
01:27:40.479 --> 01:27:45.359
<v Speaker 1>Bye. Keep a sloppy I don't keep doing it.
