Speaker 1: Chapter ten of the Art of War. This is a
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Speaker 1: The Art of War by Swindsor Chapter ten one. Swinzer said,
Speaker 1: we may distinguish six kinds of terrain to wit. One
Speaker 1: accessible ground, two, entangling ground, three, temporizing ground, four narrow passes,
Speaker 1: five precipitous heights. Six positions at a great distance from
Speaker 1: the enemy. Two Ground which can be freely traveled by
Speaker 1: both sides is called accessible. Three. With regard to ground
Speaker 1: of this nature, be before the enemy in occupying the
Speaker 1: raised and sunny spots, and carefully guard your line of supplies.
Speaker 1: Then you will be able to fight with advantage. Four
Speaker 1: Ground which can be abandoned but it is hard to reoccupy,
Speaker 1: is called entangling. Five. From position of this sort, if
Speaker 1: the enemy is unprepared, you may sadly forth and defeat him.
Speaker 1: But if the enemy is prepared for your coming and
Speaker 1: you fail to defeat him, then return, being impossible, disaster
Speaker 1: will ensue. Six. When the position is such that neither
Speaker 1: side will gain by making the first move, it is
Speaker 1: called temporizing ground. Seven. In a position of this sort,
Speaker 1: even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait,
Speaker 1: it will be advisable not to stir forth, but rather
Speaker 1: to retreat, thus enticing the enemy in his turn. Then,
Speaker 1: when part of his army has come out, we may
Speaker 1: deliver our attack with advantage. Eight. With regard to narrow passes,
Speaker 1: if you can occupy them first, let them be strongly garrisoned,
Speaker 1: and await the advance of the enemy. Nine. Should the
Speaker 1: army forestore you in occupying a pass, do not go
Speaker 1: after him if the past is fully garrisoned, but only
Speaker 1: if it is weakly garrisoned. Ten with regard to precipitous hikes,
Speaker 1: if you beforehand with your adversary, you should occupy the
Speaker 1: raised and sunny spots, and there wait for him to
Speaker 1: come up. Eleven. If the enemy has occupied them before you,
Speaker 1: do not follow him, but retreat and try to entice
Speaker 1: him away. Twelve. If you are situated at a great
Speaker 1: distance from the enemy, and the strength of the two
Speaker 1: armies is equal, it is not easy to provoke a battle,
Speaker 1: and fighting will be to your disadvantage. Thirteen. These six
Speaker 1: are the principles connected with Earth. The general who has
Speaker 1: attained a responsible post, must be careful to study them. Fourteen.
Speaker 1: Now an army is exposed to six several calamities, not
Speaker 1: rising from natural causes, but from forts for which the
Speaker 1: general is responsible. These are one flight, two in subordination,
Speaker 1: three collapse, four ruin, five disorganization, six route, fifteen, other
Speaker 1: conditions being equal. If one force is hurled against another
Speaker 1: ten times as size, the result will be the flight
Speaker 1: of the former. Sixteen. When the common soldiers are too
Speaker 1: strong and their officers too weak, the result is insubordination.
Speaker 1: When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers
Speaker 1: too weak, the result is collapsed. Seventeen. When the higher
Speaker 1: officers are angry and insubordinate, and on meeting the enemy,
Speaker 1: give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment,
Speaker 1: before the commander in chief can tell whether or not
Speaker 1: he is in a position to fight. The result is ruined. Eighteen.
Speaker 1: When the general is weak and without authority, when his
Speaker 1: orders are not clear and distinct. When there are no
Speaker 1: fixed duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks
Speaker 1: are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is
Speaker 1: utter disorganization. Nineteen When a general unable to estimate the
Speaker 1: enemy's strength, allows an inferior forced to engage a larger one,
Speaker 1: or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one and
Speaker 1: neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank. The
Speaker 1: result must be routed. Twenty These are six ways of
Speaker 1: courting defeat, which must be carefully noted by the general
Speaker 1: who has attained the responsible post. Twenty one. The natural
Speaker 1: formation of the country is the soldier's best ally. But
Speaker 1: the power of estimating the adversary, of controlling the forces
Speaker 1: of victory, and of shrewdly calculating difficulties, dangers, and distances
Speaker 1: constitutes the test of a great general. Twenty two. He
Speaker 1: who knows these things, and in fire puts his knowledge
Speaker 1: into practice, will win his battles. He who knows them
Speaker 1: not nor practices, then will surely be defeated. Twenty three.
Speaker 1: If fighting is sure to result in victory, then you
Speaker 1: must fight even though the ruler forbid it. If fighting
Speaker 1: will not result in victory, then you must not fight,
Speaker 1: even at the ruler's bidding. Twenty four. The general who
Speaker 1: advances without coveting fame and retreats without fearing disgrace, whose
Speaker 1: only thought is to protect his country and do good
Speaker 1: service for his sovereign is the duel of the kingdom.
Speaker 1: Twenty five. Regard your soldiers as your children, and they
Speaker 1: will follow you into the deepest values. Look upon them
Speaker 1: as your own beloved sons, and they will stand by you,
Speaker 1: even unto death. Twenty six. If, however, you are indulgent
Speaker 1: but unable to make your authority felt, kind hearted, but
Speaker 1: unable to enforce your commands, and incapable moreover of quelling disorder,
Speaker 1: then your soldiers must be likened to spoiled children. They
Speaker 1: are useless for any practical purpose. Twenty seven. If we
Speaker 1: know that our own men are in a condition to attack,
Speaker 1: but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack,
Speaker 1: we have gone only halfway towards victory. Twenty eight. If
Speaker 1: we know that the enemy is open to attack, but
Speaker 1: are unaware that our own men are not in a
Speaker 1: condition to attack, we have gone only half way towards victory.
Speaker 1: Twenty nine. If we know that the enemy is open
Speaker 1: to attack, and also know that our men are in
Speaker 1: a condition to attack, but are unaware that the nature
Speaker 1: of the ground makes fighting impracticable, we have still gone
Speaker 1: only half way. Towards victory thirty Hence the experienced soldier
Speaker 1: one's emotion is never bewildered once he has broken camp.
Speaker 1: He is never at a loss thirty one, Hence the saying,
Speaker 1: if you know the enemy and know yourself, your victory
Speaker 1: will not stand in doubt. If you know Heaven and
Speaker 1: know Earth, you may make your victory complete. End of
Speaker 1: Chapter ten.