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<v Speaker 1>Chapter ten of the Art of War. This is a

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<v Speaker 1>LibriVox recording. All Libervox recordings are in a public domain.

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<v Speaker 1>For more information or to volunteer, please visit librivos dot org.

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<v Speaker 1>The Art of War by Swindsor Chapter ten one. Swinzer said,

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<v Speaker 1>we may distinguish six kinds of terrain to wit. One

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<v Speaker 1>accessible ground, two, entangling ground, three, temporizing ground, four narrow passes,

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<v Speaker 1>five precipitous heights. Six positions at a great distance from

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<v Speaker 1>the enemy. Two Ground which can be freely traveled by

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<v Speaker 1>both sides is called accessible. Three. With regard to ground

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<v Speaker 1>of this nature, be before the enemy in occupying the

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<v Speaker 1>raised and sunny spots, and carefully guard your line of supplies.

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<v Speaker 1>Then you will be able to fight with advantage. Four

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<v Speaker 1>Ground which can be abandoned but it is hard to reoccupy,

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<v Speaker 1>is called entangling. Five. From position of this sort, if

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<v Speaker 1>the enemy is unprepared, you may sadly forth and defeat him.

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<v Speaker 1>But if the enemy is prepared for your coming and

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<v Speaker 1>you fail to defeat him, then return, being impossible, disaster

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<v Speaker 1>will ensue. Six. When the position is such that neither

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<v Speaker 1>side will gain by making the first move, it is

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<v Speaker 1>called temporizing ground. Seven. In a position of this sort,

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<v Speaker 1>even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait,

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<v Speaker 1>it will be advisable not to stir forth, but rather

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<v Speaker 1>to retreat, thus enticing the enemy in his turn. Then,

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<v Speaker 1>when part of his army has come out, we may

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<v Speaker 1>deliver our attack with advantage. Eight. With regard to narrow passes,

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<v Speaker 1>if you can occupy them first, let them be strongly garrisoned,

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<v Speaker 1>and await the advance of the enemy. Nine. Should the

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<v Speaker 1>army forestore you in occupying a pass, do not go

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<v Speaker 1>after him if the past is fully garrisoned, but only

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<v Speaker 1>if it is weakly garrisoned. Ten with regard to precipitous hikes,

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<v Speaker 1>if you beforehand with your adversary, you should occupy the

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<v Speaker 1>raised and sunny spots, and there wait for him to

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<v Speaker 1>come up. Eleven. If the enemy has occupied them before you,

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<v Speaker 1>do not follow him, but retreat and try to entice

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<v Speaker 1>him away. Twelve. If you are situated at a great

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<v Speaker 1>distance from the enemy, and the strength of the two

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<v Speaker 1>armies is equal, it is not easy to provoke a battle,

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<v Speaker 1>and fighting will be to your disadvantage. Thirteen. These six

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<v Speaker 1>are the principles connected with Earth. The general who has

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<v Speaker 1>attained a responsible post, must be careful to study them. Fourteen.

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<v Speaker 1>Now an army is exposed to six several calamities, not

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<v Speaker 1>rising from natural causes, but from forts for which the

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<v Speaker 1>general is responsible. These are one flight, two in subordination,

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<v Speaker 1>three collapse, four ruin, five disorganization, six route, fifteen, other

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<v Speaker 1>conditions being equal. If one force is hurled against another

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<v Speaker 1>ten times as size, the result will be the flight

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<v Speaker 1>of the former. Sixteen. When the common soldiers are too

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<v Speaker 1>strong and their officers too weak, the result is insubordination.

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<v Speaker 1>When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers

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<v Speaker 1>too weak, the result is collapsed. Seventeen. When the higher

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<v Speaker 1>officers are angry and insubordinate, and on meeting the enemy,

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<v Speaker 1>give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment,

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<v Speaker 1>before the commander in chief can tell whether or not

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<v Speaker 1>he is in a position to fight. The result is ruined. Eighteen.

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<v Speaker 1>When the general is weak and without authority, when his

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<v Speaker 1>orders are not clear and distinct. When there are no

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<v Speaker 1>fixed duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks

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<v Speaker 1>are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is

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<v Speaker 1>utter disorganization. Nineteen When a general unable to estimate the

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<v Speaker 1>enemy's strength, allows an inferior forced to engage a larger one,

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<v Speaker 1>or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one and

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<v Speaker 1>neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank. The

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<v Speaker 1>result must be routed. Twenty These are six ways of

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<v Speaker 1>courting defeat, which must be carefully noted by the general

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<v Speaker 1>who has attained the responsible post. Twenty one. The natural

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<v Speaker 1>formation of the country is the soldier's best ally. But

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<v Speaker 1>the power of estimating the adversary, of controlling the forces

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<v Speaker 1>of victory, and of shrewdly calculating difficulties, dangers, and distances

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<v Speaker 1>constitutes the test of a great general. Twenty two. He

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<v Speaker 1>who knows these things, and in fire puts his knowledge

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<v Speaker 1>into practice, will win his battles. He who knows them

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<v Speaker 1>not nor practices, then will surely be defeated. Twenty three.

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<v Speaker 1>If fighting is sure to result in victory, then you

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<v Speaker 1>must fight even though the ruler forbid it. If fighting

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<v Speaker 1>will not result in victory, then you must not fight,

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<v Speaker 1>even at the ruler's bidding. Twenty four. The general who

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<v Speaker 1>advances without coveting fame and retreats without fearing disgrace, whose

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<v Speaker 1>only thought is to protect his country and do good

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<v Speaker 1>service for his sovereign is the duel of the kingdom.

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<v Speaker 1>Twenty five. Regard your soldiers as your children, and they

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<v Speaker 1>will follow you into the deepest values. Look upon them

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<v Speaker 1>as your own beloved sons, and they will stand by you,

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<v Speaker 1>even unto death. Twenty six. If, however, you are indulgent

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<v Speaker 1>but unable to make your authority felt, kind hearted, but

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<v Speaker 1>unable to enforce your commands, and incapable moreover of quelling disorder,

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<v Speaker 1>then your soldiers must be likened to spoiled children. They

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<v Speaker 1>are useless for any practical purpose. Twenty seven. If we

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<v Speaker 1>know that our own men are in a condition to attack,

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<v Speaker 1>but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack,

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<v Speaker 1>we have gone only halfway towards victory. Twenty eight. If

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<v Speaker 1>we know that the enemy is open to attack, but

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<v Speaker 1>are unaware that our own men are not in a

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<v Speaker 1>condition to attack, we have gone only half way towards victory.

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<v Speaker 1>Twenty nine. If we know that the enemy is open

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<v Speaker 1>to attack, and also know that our men are in

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<v Speaker 1>a condition to attack, but are unaware that the nature

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<v Speaker 1>of the ground makes fighting impracticable, we have still gone

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<v Speaker 1>only half way. Towards victory thirty Hence the experienced soldier

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<v Speaker 1>one's emotion is never bewildered once he has broken camp.

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<v Speaker 1>He is never at a loss thirty one, Hence the saying,

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<v Speaker 1>if you know the enemy and know yourself, your victory

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<v Speaker 1>will not stand in doubt. If you know Heaven and

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<v Speaker 1>know Earth, you may make your victory complete. End of

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<v Speaker 1>Chapter ten.