WEBVTT

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<v Speaker 1>When it's time to consider a new car, it's time

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<v Speaker 1>to take a leap, a leap forward with class, eating

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<v Speaker 1>speck and cutting edge technology without compromise. More choice, more space,

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<v Speaker 1>more style, more for you, like the all new B

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<v Speaker 1>ten with premium comfort and seamless connectivity built for every

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<v Speaker 1>road from your daily commute to weekend adventures. So what

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<v Speaker 1>are you waiting for? Take the leap, leap motor, a

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<v Speaker 1>leap forward.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh hey, it's your own Internet dad here with an

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<v Speaker 2>episode you've all just been chomping at the bit for.

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<v Speaker 2>Will she go there? You wondered she went there? Boy?

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<v Speaker 2>Howdy did she? But don't worry. Okay, this one it

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<v Speaker 2>doesn't get too gross.

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<v Speaker 3>I don't know what am I talking about. It's so gross.

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<v Speaker 2>It's an entire episode on animal poo and sometimes ours

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<v Speaker 2>because we are, after all, animals. But I tried to

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<v Speaker 2>just keep it as informative and as illuminating as an

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<v Speaker 2>entire episode on animal excrement can be. But before number two,

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<v Speaker 2>number one, I want to let you know everyone, I

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<v Speaker 2>will be at cal Academy on March fifth, That is

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<v Speaker 2>this Thursday in San Francisco. I'll be at First Fridays

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<v Speaker 2>in La on March sixth for their Secrets from the

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<v Speaker 2>Vault series south by Southwest EEDU on March eleventh. Thank

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<v Speaker 2>you to everyone on Patreon dot com slash ologies for

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<v Speaker 2>submitting your questions and for supporting the show. It's as

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<v Speaker 2>little as twenty five cents an episode to get into

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<v Speaker 2>that club. I'm each person out there wearing ologies March

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<v Speaker 2>and hashtagging at ologies merch so we can repost to you.

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<v Speaker 2>Thank you, and of course to everyone rating and making

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<v Speaker 2>sure that they're subscribed and telling a friend, and of

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<v Speaker 2>course leaving reviews to freshen up my crappy days, like

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<v Speaker 2>this one from Maxine Sunshine, who says, I am a

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<v Speaker 2>zoo keeper with a cranky kucko. Butura, that's a bird

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<v Speaker 2>I looked up named Cookie, who cackles at compliments, finds

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<v Speaker 2>music miserable, and who's hooping is only silenced by the soothing.

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<v Speaker 3>Voice of Ali Datward.

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<v Speaker 2>The Ologies podcast has given my years peace during the

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<v Speaker 2>hour I spend with Cookie daily and we have both

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<v Speaker 2>learned so much. Cookie's favorite episode is, of course, Ornithology.

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<v Speaker 2>They say, key, this one's for you. Let's just roll

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<v Speaker 2>up our sleeves and just dive right into it scatology.

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<v Speaker 2>It comes from the Greek for feces. You're welcome. Scatology

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<v Speaker 2>is a scientific study or the chemical analysis of feces,

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<v Speaker 2>while coprology is scatology. What.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay?

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<v Speaker 2>So both same. Also both can mean toilet humor or

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<v Speaker 2>a special interest in poops in a sexy way. Okay.

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<v Speaker 2>So for this scatology episode, we talk a lot about

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<v Speaker 2>zoo poops. And in fact, I got a VIP tour

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<v Speaker 2>in which I saw a freezer that was kind of

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<v Speaker 2>like a porta potty on Noah's art.

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<v Speaker 4>The coolest thing about our labs maybe is our freezers. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 4>this one might be locked, but you.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, we keep our freezers locked.

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<v Speaker 4>So we have black Rhino, Pygmy Hippo, red river hog who.

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<v Speaker 4>We have our some of our octopus stuff in here.

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<v Speaker 4>We have our gravy zebra background camels are our draft

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<v Speaker 4>or black Bear, our Japanese Macaq, Pickney, Soloris, Diana Monkey,

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<v Speaker 4>I Tamaron, polar Bear. That's just what lives in this freezer.

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<v Speaker 4>Now I have thirteen others. We're gonna go all around

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<v Speaker 4>the zoom.

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<v Speaker 5>We're gonna go through this one for you.

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<v Speaker 2>It's a real poop party. I love that it's like, hey,

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<v Speaker 2>no food or drinking here. You're like, don't worry about it.

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<v Speaker 2>What's the word I'm thinking like a sharma. It just

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<v Speaker 2>looks like a lot of rolled up sarma. We have

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<v Speaker 2>mountain gorillas from Wanda in here. Never know what we

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<v Speaker 2>have nor freezer. Wait, there's was a geese.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, we have goose poop.

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<v Speaker 2>Goose poop, yeah that's in here.

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<v Speaker 4>That's in here or not, but we definitely are doing

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<v Speaker 4>goose poop.

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<v Speaker 2>Eastern massasaka rattlesnakes, snakes poop, yes, not very often, but

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<v Speaker 2>they poop more snow leppers, lots of snow leppers is rarely.

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<v Speaker 4>Gerbils ye, yeah, terble poo, very small lad mice poo

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<v Speaker 4>we have. We have congo there. There are probably gorilla

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<v Speaker 4>samples low on gorillas, and we have mountain gram red

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<v Speaker 4>squirrel samples. That is probably that's even more rare than

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<v Speaker 4>a blackfoot of fair. I think there's only thirty to

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<v Speaker 4>forty left in Arizona.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's amazing. It really looks like if Marie Condo

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<v Speaker 2>kept a refrigerator full of shit. Like it's beautiful in there.

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<v Speaker 2>So this ologist has earned the nickname Doctor Poop she

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<v Speaker 2>wears it with pride. So she got her bachelors in

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<v Speaker 2>pre vet science and her masters in animal physiology at

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<v Speaker 2>Clemson University and then her PhD in Environmental science and

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<v Speaker 2>Policy at George Mason University. And she is the director

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<v Speaker 2>of the Davy Center for Epidemiology and under Chronology at

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<v Speaker 2>the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago. The motto of her program,

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<v Speaker 2>she says, is if it defecates.

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<v Speaker 3>We will study it. So we took a seat and.

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<v Speaker 2>We talked all about tiny poos, giant poos, pebble poos,

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<v Speaker 2>pet poos, whale poos, famous otters, French confections, glitter pills,

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<v Speaker 2>wombat bricks, what poos says about you and how and

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<v Speaker 2>why this animal scientist and conservationist analyzes the feces of

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<v Speaker 2>countless species and loves it. So please curl up for

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<v Speaker 2>the scoop on this rare science with scatologist Doctor Poop

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<v Speaker 2>aka doctor Rachel Santomeyer. So shy, like, just pretendate's not there,

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<v Speaker 2>Pretend it's an ice cream coat. If you could tell

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<v Speaker 2>me your first time last name, Rachel Santa Meyer got it,

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<v Speaker 2>aka doctor Poop? How long have you been doctor Poop?

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<v Speaker 2>I've been doctor Poop for thirteen years.

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<v Speaker 4>I guess. Yeah. My parents are so proud.

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<v Speaker 2>Hey, doctor in front of anything is great. You're doing great, literally,

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<v Speaker 2>doctor from of anything in theory. Yes, I guess.

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<v Speaker 4>They don't really talk to their bridge club about what

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<v Speaker 4>I do, and they just say work at the zoo,

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<v Speaker 4>so just places.

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<v Speaker 2>So now, how did the nickname doctor Poop come to be?

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<v Speaker 4>You know? It was really our learning staff trying to

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<v Speaker 4>get kids excited about the science and oh man, kids

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<v Speaker 4>love poop, right, parents not so much until they started

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<v Speaker 4>to hear the science and they realized how cool it is,

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<v Speaker 4>and then they eventually start getting really excited about the poop.

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<v Speaker 2>So it's a great marketing strategy for real.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, except for my mom said I was full of shit,

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<v Speaker 4>so she's got you there to me today, I was like,

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<v Speaker 4>you laughed, you laughed? Oh thanks, mom.

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<v Speaker 2>You've got to get just the best puns in your

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<v Speaker 2>email in box. Yeah, you know.

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<v Speaker 4>My One of my favorite titles of my talk is

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<v Speaker 4>how fece say Species?

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<v Speaker 2>Do you think that there's a big difference culturally between

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<v Speaker 2>poo and poop? Hmmm, No, I don't think so.

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<v Speaker 4>Maybe pooh sounds more cute than poop, yeah, because poop

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<v Speaker 4>is more like an action in pooh is kind of

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<v Speaker 4>like get the emoji.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, so quick aside. I look this up and poop

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<v Speaker 2>used to mean to softly break wind. It was on

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<v Speaker 2>a monopoetic in nature. But my guess is that enough

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<v Speaker 2>people had unhappy accidents and whammo boom. Language changes in

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<v Speaker 2>this case from a gas to a solid. Also, pooh

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<v Speaker 2>is relatively new word. It first appeared in the nineteen fifties.

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<v Speaker 2>Just in case you're wondering about the movement of the term.

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<v Speaker 2>And so tell me about your journey to the Queen

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<v Speaker 2>of poop.

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<v Speaker 4>They also call me the poop porter, right because I

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<v Speaker 4>don't throw any poop away.

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<v Speaker 2>I keep it.

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<v Speaker 4>And my strategy is just to buy a new freezer

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<v Speaker 4>every year, and I have like fourteen around the zoo,

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<v Speaker 4>and the animal care staff are so nice, toy like

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<v Speaker 4>make room for my new freezers. The facility guys add

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<v Speaker 4>new electricals stuff for me. So so but you know,

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<v Speaker 4>I you know a classic story. I loved animals. We

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<v Speaker 4>had you know, dogs and cats growing up. I like

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<v Speaker 4>middle school, I started riding horses. So I love horses

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<v Speaker 4>and I love to ask people what their favorite animal is,

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<v Speaker 4>because I don't have one. I love all animals. There,

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<v Speaker 4>the feathers, they're fish, you know. I love rodents, you know.

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<v Speaker 4>And so I just loved all animals. And my room

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<v Speaker 4>actually was sort of a zoo because I had parakeets,

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<v Speaker 4>I had hermiticrabs, you know. I had gerbils, you know.

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<v Speaker 4>I had all these animals in my room, and I

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<v Speaker 4>cared for them. I love caring for animals, and in fact,

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<v Speaker 4>if like the zombie apocalypse happened, that's the only skill

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<v Speaker 4>I have. I cannot do anything else but shovel poop basically.

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<v Speaker 4>Oh and maybe that's also why I'm doctor poop.

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<v Speaker 2>But I started off.

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<v Speaker 4>Thinking that if you loved animals, you became a veterinarian.

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<v Speaker 4>And so in high school I worked at a vet's office.

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<v Speaker 4>In college, I was in prevenary science animal science at

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<v Speaker 4>Clemson University, and so my goal was to become a veterinarian,

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<v Speaker 4>and I worked at vets offices. I cared for animals,

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<v Speaker 4>and I applied to at school. I got an interview

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<v Speaker 4>at Teskegee University in Alabama, and literally one person in

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<v Speaker 4>front of me changed my course of my career.

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<v Speaker 2>I didn't get in.

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<v Speaker 4>I didn't get in, and I didn't know what to

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<v Speaker 4>do because that was my whole plan, that was everything

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<v Speaker 4>I'd done built up to that career.

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<v Speaker 2>I panicked because you know, I had to student loans, you.

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<v Speaker 4>Know, you had to start paying these things off in

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<v Speaker 4>six months when you're out of school. And what happened

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<v Speaker 4>was the scientist came down from the National Zoo. His

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<v Speaker 4>name was doctor David Wilt, who unfortunately.

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<v Speaker 2>Had just passed away.

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<v Speaker 4>He talked about how he was an animal scientist and

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<v Speaker 4>how he's applying all these technologies, particularly assist to reproductive

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<v Speaker 4>technologies like artificial insemination, semen collection and evaluation, and cryopreservation,

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<v Speaker 4>to wildlife, to endangered species like cheetahs and cloud of leopards,

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<v Speaker 4>and I thought, that's what I want to do. I

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<v Speaker 4>want to do that, and it just so happens. You know,

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<v Speaker 4>the zoo field we were a little inbred, and I

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<v Speaker 4>somehow connected through Clemson and Smithsonian Institution where Dave will

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<v Speaker 4>was from, and started my masters at Clemson and did

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<v Speaker 4>a zoo project on Black Holler monkeys, and then I

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<v Speaker 4>got hired by the Smithsonian to work in their undercronology

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<v Speaker 4>lab and then I started doing my PhD there and

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<v Speaker 4>got to work on one of the rarest mammals we

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<v Speaker 4>have here in North America, the blackfooted ferret.

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<v Speaker 2>Just a quick fyi on blackfooted ferret. The ferret endemic

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<v Speaker 2>to North America, so because they munch on prairie dogs,

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<v Speaker 2>and prairie dog habitat is now largely like shopping centers.

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<v Speaker 2>The species got down to only eighteen individuals at one point,

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<v Speaker 2>so for her PhD, Rachel studied their reproduction and still

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<v Speaker 2>works with breeding programs to get their numbers up. There

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<v Speaker 2>are only about seven hundred left on the planet. So

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<v Speaker 2>think of your local movie houses, dome theater and then

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<v Speaker 2>fill each seat with one North American blackfooted ferret, just

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<v Speaker 2>a little weasel, just a little sock with a face,

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<v Speaker 2>maybe sitting there watching a costume drama. Imagine that now

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<v Speaker 2>there are less of those ferrets on planet Earth than

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<v Speaker 2>would be in a dome theater because we saw a

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<v Speaker 2>bunch of North American prairie land and we were like,

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<v Speaker 2>you know what, this needs a parking lot for a

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<v Speaker 2>hobby lobby. Now did your work with the blackfooted ferret?

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<v Speaker 2>Did that kind of introduce you to analyzing poop? To

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<v Speaker 2>find out about ender chronology of a species. It did. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 4>So you know, a ferret is a mastellid, which is

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<v Speaker 4>a very stinky species, so you can imagine their FECs. Yes,

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<v Speaker 4>they are pretty stinky. So I started in nineteen ninety

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<v Speaker 4>eight at the Smithsonian to work on blackfooted ferret looking

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<v Speaker 4>at reproductive hormones and seeing how they change seasonally and

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<v Speaker 4>how they're related to age. And then the other species

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<v Speaker 4>I started with was the fishing cat. So I don't

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<v Speaker 4>know if you have a cat, but you know cat

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<v Speaker 4>poop really stinks, not a good smoke. Yeah, and then

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<v Speaker 4>you combine it with eating only fish.

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<v Speaker 6>Oh.

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<v Speaker 4>Yes. So in the Smithsonian we had the fecal lab.

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<v Speaker 4>People would leave the fickle lab when I pulled out

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<v Speaker 4>the fishing cat samples, and it was so bad. I mean, like,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, you know it's gonna smell in the fecal lab,

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<v Speaker 4>but when Rachel pulls out those fishing cat samples, people leave.

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<v Speaker 2>They just can't take it. I I'm very tolerant of poop.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, so I didn't mind so much, but yeah, I

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<v Speaker 4>got that. I was really like a privilege to work on,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, one of the rarest mammals we have here

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<v Speaker 4>in North America, and then also another species like the

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<v Speaker 4>fishing cat. I mean, what's more unique? You know this

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<v Speaker 4>cat that like dive into water to eat fish. You know,

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<v Speaker 4>that's pretty cool. So not many cats would do that.

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<v Speaker 2>This woman not only does she merrily work.

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<v Speaker 3>With Pooh, she calls it a privilege.

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<v Speaker 2>So y'all find what you love. Bloom where you're planted,

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<v Speaker 2>just make sure you're covered in fertilizer. And why do

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<v Speaker 2>you think you are so tolerant of feces.

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<v Speaker 4>Because I've always taking care of animals, whether it was

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<v Speaker 4>bird poop, gerbil poop, dog poop, cat poop. You know,

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<v Speaker 4>it's you know all about the poop, fish and poop

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<v Speaker 4>and so horsepoop man. Yeah, so uh yeah, I just

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<v Speaker 4>very tolerant. Now, the thing, probably the least favorite thing

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<v Speaker 4>of my job has been saliva. Oh really, yes, saliva.

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<v Speaker 4>So let me tell you about our pigmy hippo. They

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<v Speaker 4>have a breeding recommendation for our two pigmy hippos, and

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<v Speaker 4>so they wanted to see if they could time when

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<v Speaker 4>to pair them together because they're generally solitary animals, and

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<v Speaker 4>so we try to look at hormones and unfortunately with

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<v Speaker 4>the pigmy hippo, they like to poop in the water.

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<v Speaker 4>Oh and that pretty much ruins my sample because there's

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<v Speaker 4>a hormones in the water, maybe from the fish, from

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<v Speaker 4>everything else. So I needed, you know, a good fecal

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<v Speaker 4>sample from them. And so we actually tried saliva. And

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<v Speaker 4>the way we do that it was we had our

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<v Speaker 4>female and we would show her corn and she loved corn.

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<v Speaker 4>So Sue would start to salivate and just drool come out,

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<v Speaker 4>and they would take a pipe and they would pipe

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<v Speaker 4>it off the ground and they put it in a syringe

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<v Speaker 4>and put it in a test tube for me, and

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<v Speaker 4>then it would come to the lab and I'd had

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<v Speaker 4>to pipe it out of the test tube and it

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<v Speaker 4>literally would.

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<v Speaker 2>Just string from one tube to the next, like that's

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<v Speaker 2>the thing that grows out. But you know, I'm a mom.

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<v Speaker 4>Now, this is before I was a mom, And now

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<v Speaker 4>I'm like whatever, you know, I can tolerate anything.

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<v Speaker 7>But yeah, before that was, I was like, gimme poop please.

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<v Speaker 7>This life is pretty gross. Somewhere there's a doctor spit.

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<v Speaker 7>He just doesn't understand you at all. I'm gonna have

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<v Speaker 7>to look that up. Okay, Yes, I look this up

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<v Speaker 7>and there is a doctor Spit. So Missouri news station

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<v Speaker 7>KY three interviewed this local legend who is a blues

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<v Speaker 7>harmonica player.

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<v Speaker 2>His name is doctor Spit something like that. You do

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<v Speaker 2>not get to pick your nickname. Somebody inebriated in the bar,

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<v Speaker 2>besides what your name's going to be. So I did

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<v Speaker 2>a little more digging and found out sadly, doctor Spit

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<v Speaker 2>aka Ron Alexander is no longer with us, So blues

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<v Speaker 2>fans have a little more reason to be blue. But yes,

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<v Speaker 2>in the wisdom of doctor Spit, the nickname chooses you.

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<v Speaker 2>And now, broadly speaking, what is poop? Hoop poops? Plants

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<v Speaker 2>don't poop, animals do. What's happening? What is it? Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>there's a book.

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<v Speaker 4>Everybody poops, right, everyone poops, and so yeah, so what

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<v Speaker 4>happens is we're looking for well for wildlife. In chronology,

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<v Speaker 4>we're looking at these steroid hormones, and these hormones are

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<v Speaker 4>related to reproduction, so we can determine pregnancy, we can

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<v Speaker 4>determine when the female's.

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<v Speaker 2>Receptive or an estress.

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<v Speaker 4>And then we also look at stress, right, and we

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<v Speaker 4>always think stress is a bad thing, but really stress

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<v Speaker 4>is a necessary response that we and animals have to

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<v Speaker 4>deal with situations. And then we have distress, which is

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<v Speaker 4>the negative stress that you know, it could be bullying

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<v Speaker 4>or something that you don't really really is upsetting. And

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<v Speaker 4>there's also you stress, which is like riding that roller coaster,

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<v Speaker 4>being super excited, you know. For our animals is getting enrichment,

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<v Speaker 4>and so stress is very important. So we use these

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<v Speaker 4>steroid hormones to look at that. And so what happens

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<v Speaker 4>is there's some kind of response, either a stress response

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<v Speaker 4>or a reproductive's response. So like this time of year,

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<v Speaker 4>the days are starting to lengthen, so a lot of

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<v Speaker 4>species are long day breeders, like courses for example, So

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<v Speaker 4>they're going to start coming into estrus, right, they're going

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<v Speaker 4>to start getting ready to breed. And so these cues

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<v Speaker 4>signal the hormones to be released and they circulate in

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<v Speaker 4>the blood. But for something like stress, I can't really

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<v Speaker 4>get a blood sample from animals, even from people, because

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<v Speaker 4>that causes stress itself, right, So we look for alternative samples.

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<v Speaker 4>And what's nice is the liver actually functions in the

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<v Speaker 4>body to make these steroids, which are made from cholesterol,

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<v Speaker 4>so they're oily, they're hydrophobic. They add a compound to

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<v Speaker 4>make them hydrophilic so they can be excreted in urine

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<v Speaker 4>and feces.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh so when we're done with our stress hormones, we're like,

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<v Speaker 2>get out of here. Yeah, take the back door. Yeah yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>we could truly be responding. That's not a healthy thing, right. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 4>So they they have their purpose, their job, and then

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<v Speaker 4>the body gets rid of them, and so we take

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<v Speaker 4>advantage of that. You know, with human pregnancy tests, you

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00:17:14.519 --> 00:17:17.200
<v Speaker 4>can use urine, right, and that's actually a protein hormone

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<v Speaker 4>that you're looking for. But for in feces, we're looking

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<v Speaker 4>at these steroids and it's just really convenient that we

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<v Speaker 4>can get it from poop because then we don't have to.

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<v Speaker 2>Stress the animals out.

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<v Speaker 4>It's like we're poop detectives because you know, they literally

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<v Speaker 4>like you know, the especially here at the zoo, the

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00:17:32.079 --> 00:17:34.039
<v Speaker 4>animal care staff has to pick up the samples. And

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<v Speaker 4>now they can simply put it in a ziploc bag,

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<v Speaker 4>put it in the freezer, and I can come along,

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<v Speaker 4>we can pick it up, we can thiw it, and

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<v Speaker 4>we can figure out what's going on inside the animal.

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<v Speaker 4>And that's so important because this they have behaviors. But

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<v Speaker 4>if you've had a cat or dog, you know that

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<v Speaker 4>they hide certain things from you. Well, sometimes they can't

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<v Speaker 4>hide their guilt.

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<v Speaker 2>You got in the kitty catch treats while I was going.

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<v Speaker 4>But you know other things when like for example, they're

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<v Speaker 4>in pain or anything else you can't really understand. Sometimes

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<v Speaker 4>maybe they're hiding more. And so we integrate behavior animal

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<v Speaker 4>behavior with inner chronology to really look at the physiology

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00:18:14.640 --> 00:18:16.759
<v Speaker 4>the response that they're having so we can interpret the

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<v Speaker 4>behavior better. And vice versa too.

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<v Speaker 2>And so the zoo keepers, as long as they're poop scooping,

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<v Speaker 2>they get in there, they take a little handful, if

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<v Speaker 2>you will, Yeah, and then put it in a ziplock.

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00:18:29.119 --> 00:18:31.759
<v Speaker 2>What just like roll it up like a sausage and

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<v Speaker 2>pop it in the Yeah.

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<v Speaker 4>Well they usually invert the bag and like grab it,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, you know, it's just like you do with

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<v Speaker 4>your dog.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, same thing.

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<v Speaker 4>Yep.

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<v Speaker 2>And then how many samples of pooh do you think

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00:18:43.640 --> 00:18:47.599
<v Speaker 2>you have in your seventeen freezer? Don't let anybody of

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<v Speaker 2>the zoo know this.

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<v Speaker 4>I probably we do about we change some of our

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<v Speaker 4>science recently, but in general we do about eight to

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<v Speaker 4>ten thousand samples a year.

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<v Speaker 2>Oohm.

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<v Speaker 4>So that's about, you know, one hundred and thirty thousand samples.

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00:19:06.880 --> 00:19:10.599
<v Speaker 4>If anybody wants to support biobanking, please send us money.

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00:19:11.279 --> 00:19:14.160
<v Speaker 4>Lows we use your freezers, donate to us, you know.

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<v Speaker 4>And so yeah, but I can't throw them. I can't

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<v Speaker 4>throw them away because you can't go back in time.

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<v Speaker 4>And if you want to see how things have changed,

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<v Speaker 4>which is really important for zoos. We want our animals

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<v Speaker 4>continuously and we want to see how they change over time,

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00:19:27.160 --> 00:19:29.799
<v Speaker 4>and so it's important to keep those archive samples. And

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<v Speaker 4>then I also have lots of other questions as a

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<v Speaker 4>scientist who are always asking questions. We get them answered,

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<v Speaker 4>and then we have like ten more the go with that,

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<v Speaker 4>and so yeah, so I just hoard it. Good, Yeah, good.

375
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<v Speaker 2>But now I.

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<v Speaker 4>Switched to we use hair now for hormone analysis, and

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00:19:46.759 --> 00:19:50.119
<v Speaker 4>it gives us a slightly different perspective. There's actually some

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<v Speaker 4>debate about whether the hair, the steroids in the hair,

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00:19:53.839 --> 00:19:55.880
<v Speaker 4>the hormones in the hair are telling you about what

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00:19:56.039 --> 00:19:59.359
<v Speaker 4>happened when the hair was growing or when or what

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00:19:59.559 --> 00:20:01.799
<v Speaker 4>happen ye yesterday kind of thing. More of a cute

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00:20:01.799 --> 00:20:06.039
<v Speaker 4>response because unlike most wildlife species, their hair doesn't coninually

383
00:20:06.079 --> 00:20:08.759
<v Speaker 4>grow like ours and a lot of the human literature,

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00:20:08.759 --> 00:20:10.160
<v Speaker 4>they're able to cut up the hair and kind of

385
00:20:10.200 --> 00:20:15.519
<v Speaker 4>get a timeline of either chemical abuse or poisoning. You know,

386
00:20:15.839 --> 00:20:18.000
<v Speaker 4>all the forensic stuff out there is really cool, and

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00:20:18.039 --> 00:20:19.839
<v Speaker 4>so we took that science and are applying it to

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00:20:19.880 --> 00:20:24.119
<v Speaker 4>wildlife and looking at stress levels, so we can really

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00:20:24.160 --> 00:20:27.720
<v Speaker 4>see kind of what's going on in the fecal The

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00:20:27.759 --> 00:20:30.640
<v Speaker 4>hormones and the feces are telling you what happened yesterday.

391
00:20:31.359 --> 00:20:33.759
<v Speaker 4>Hair might be telling you what's happened last week or

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00:20:33.759 --> 00:20:35.240
<v Speaker 4>two weeks ago or last month.

393
00:20:35.599 --> 00:20:39.799
<v Speaker 2>So yes, both hair and droppings are non invasive relatively,

394
00:20:39.799 --> 00:20:43.359
<v Speaker 2>and they can give you different data. But with turds,

395
00:20:43.720 --> 00:20:46.640
<v Speaker 2>you know it's pretty recent. Also, let's get gross. Let's

396
00:20:46.720 --> 00:20:49.960
<v Speaker 2>zoom in and discuss what doodo really is other than

397
00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:52.680
<v Speaker 2>something you usually do not want to look at closely.

398
00:20:53.079 --> 00:20:56.359
<v Speaker 2>And now you've had your hands in every kind of

399
00:20:56.440 --> 00:21:00.519
<v Speaker 2>pooh I imagine from like geese to hippos to she

400
00:21:00.680 --> 00:21:04.880
<v Speaker 2>does what are some commonalities and what are some differences?

401
00:21:04.920 --> 00:21:08.319
<v Speaker 2>Like what is stool? Is it mostly bacteria? Is it

402
00:21:08.359 --> 00:21:09.240
<v Speaker 2>mostly fiber?

403
00:21:10.119 --> 00:21:13.640
<v Speaker 4>Like what is this? Yeah, it's a combination of everything, right,

404
00:21:14.119 --> 00:21:17.079
<v Speaker 4>it's just the waste product of what we ate and

405
00:21:17.720 --> 00:21:19.359
<v Speaker 4>what's in our system. And so yeah, it has lots

406
00:21:19.400 --> 00:21:21.920
<v Speaker 4>of bacteria, which are sort of our enemy for hormones

407
00:21:21.920 --> 00:21:23.799
<v Speaker 4>because it continual us to break down the hormones if

408
00:21:23.799 --> 00:21:25.160
<v Speaker 4>we don't get it in the freezer fast.

409
00:21:26.400 --> 00:21:27.839
<v Speaker 2>When you look at all these different.

410
00:21:27.599 --> 00:21:31.200
<v Speaker 4>Species like elephants or black rhinos which we have here

411
00:21:31.240 --> 00:21:33.240
<v Speaker 4>at the zoo, it's like all fiber. You're like, how

412
00:21:33.319 --> 00:21:35.079
<v Speaker 4>is there any poo in the sample or is it

413
00:21:35.200 --> 00:21:37.559
<v Speaker 4>just like cut up hay. You know, it's say with

414
00:21:37.640 --> 00:21:39.839
<v Speaker 4>the zebras and horses. You know, it's really like this

415
00:21:39.960 --> 00:21:42.839
<v Speaker 4>looks just like hey, with some some poop smeared around it.

416
00:21:42.920 --> 00:21:45.400
<v Speaker 2>But we can actually look at the poop when we

417
00:21:45.440 --> 00:21:46.039
<v Speaker 2>get so.

418
00:21:45.920 --> 00:21:48.359
<v Speaker 4>Familiar with our animals here at the zoo, our staff

419
00:21:48.400 --> 00:21:51.880
<v Speaker 4>can see the poop samples and know when the staff

420
00:21:51.880 --> 00:21:55.359
<v Speaker 4>have accidentally mixed up the bags because you know, they

421
00:21:55.480 --> 00:22:00.319
<v Speaker 4>all look like a certain sometimes food item or but

422
00:22:00.359 --> 00:22:02.680
<v Speaker 4>like talk and poop kind of looks like little olives,

423
00:22:02.799 --> 00:22:06.799
<v Speaker 4>and our different females had like different shapes and size olives,

424
00:22:06.839 --> 00:22:08.440
<v Speaker 4>so we knew when they kind of mix them up.

425
00:22:08.920 --> 00:22:12.640
<v Speaker 4>You know, the camels they have like golf balls. They

426
00:22:12.720 --> 00:22:15.359
<v Speaker 4>have golf ball poops, and but the rhinos of course

427
00:22:15.400 --> 00:22:17.240
<v Speaker 4>have the bowling ball, right, and so we don't get

428
00:22:17.279 --> 00:22:20.039
<v Speaker 4>to we don't necessarily get the bowling balls. We get

429
00:22:20.079 --> 00:22:21.160
<v Speaker 4>part of the bowling balls.

430
00:22:21.200 --> 00:22:24.319
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, the very fibrous, this imagery will stay on

431
00:22:24.359 --> 00:22:25.839
<v Speaker 2>my mind for a while.

432
00:22:26.039 --> 00:22:30.279
<v Speaker 4>And then you know, the the apes and the primates,

433
00:22:30.319 --> 00:22:31.880
<v Speaker 4>you know, that's just a whole nother story.

434
00:22:31.920 --> 00:22:34.880
<v Speaker 2>But it's more like human. Yeah, it's more like.

435
00:22:34.880 --> 00:22:36.880
<v Speaker 4>Human, and it's definitely more well, I can't say that

436
00:22:36.920 --> 00:22:40.200
<v Speaker 4>because the male black rhino feces is pretty stinky. They

437
00:22:40.359 --> 00:22:44.000
<v Speaker 4>use a lot of pheromones and odor cues for communication

438
00:22:44.039 --> 00:22:48.039
<v Speaker 4>because they're solitary animals. So but yeah, I think one

439
00:22:48.079 --> 00:22:49.720
<v Speaker 4>of the worst samples I've had in my lab was

440
00:22:49.759 --> 00:22:51.000
<v Speaker 4>actually my own dog's poop.

441
00:22:51.039 --> 00:22:52.880
<v Speaker 2>You's just really wow.

442
00:22:52.960 --> 00:22:55.799
<v Speaker 4>You're just like, you know, the doors get closed, you know,

443
00:22:55.960 --> 00:22:58.799
<v Speaker 4>from the stat that work on their computers versus the

444
00:22:58.839 --> 00:23:01.799
<v Speaker 4>fecal lab staff, you know, or when we do the

445
00:23:01.799 --> 00:23:03.440
<v Speaker 4>polar bear, it's a lot.

446
00:23:03.240 --> 00:23:06.240
<v Speaker 2>Of like fish and stuff that is pretty stinky. Okay,

447
00:23:06.319 --> 00:23:10.480
<v Speaker 2>So in a herd of giraffes or a pride of lions,

448
00:23:10.680 --> 00:23:13.680
<v Speaker 2>or a party of orangutangs.

449
00:23:13.920 --> 00:23:14.640
<v Speaker 5>I don't know.

450
00:23:14.720 --> 00:23:16.200
<v Speaker 2>I'm just going to hope that a group of rangu

451
00:23:16.279 --> 00:23:20.079
<v Speaker 2>tanks is called a party. Actually, hold on, okay, I

452
00:23:20.119 --> 00:23:23.079
<v Speaker 2>just looked it up and it's a congress of orangutangs,

453
00:23:23.200 --> 00:23:25.440
<v Speaker 2>which wow, I wish our congress has worked like that.

454
00:23:25.640 --> 00:23:29.319
<v Speaker 2>But anyway, how do they figure out who left well behind?

455
00:23:29.519 --> 00:23:31.960
<v Speaker 4>But the fecal marker study this is this is one

456
00:23:32.000 --> 00:23:33.920
<v Speaker 4>of the best things, one of the best papers I published.

457
00:23:33.920 --> 00:23:38.200
<v Speaker 4>I think, very practical. But what do you do when

458
00:23:38.200 --> 00:23:40.200
<v Speaker 4>you have a whole bunch of individuals together and you

459
00:23:40.240 --> 00:23:43.599
<v Speaker 4>want to sample each individual? It's like, you know, you

460
00:23:43.680 --> 00:23:45.839
<v Speaker 4>can either have to have a staff member or volunteer

461
00:23:45.839 --> 00:23:47.920
<v Speaker 4>that sits there and waits for them to defecate, which

462
00:23:47.960 --> 00:23:50.640
<v Speaker 4>could be a long time, dependent on the species.

463
00:23:50.240 --> 00:23:51.960
<v Speaker 2>Right, And so we.

464
00:23:53.680 --> 00:23:57.799
<v Speaker 4>Devised a way to mark the feces and so you

465
00:23:57.839 --> 00:24:01.079
<v Speaker 4>can give them food coloring and make their feces green

466
00:24:01.359 --> 00:24:05.000
<v Speaker 4>or well usually green and green and blue come out green.

467
00:24:05.160 --> 00:24:07.200
<v Speaker 4>So it's it's kind of hard to find different colors.

468
00:24:07.359 --> 00:24:10.559
<v Speaker 4>We've fed glitter to our animals, non toxic glitter of course,

469
00:24:10.640 --> 00:24:16.920
<v Speaker 4>non toxic beads, all these different things, seeds, blueberries.

470
00:24:16.359 --> 00:24:19.039
<v Speaker 2>We have seeds, you know, anything that has seeds. So

471
00:24:19.079 --> 00:24:20.559
<v Speaker 2>there's a couple couple issues with us.

472
00:24:20.640 --> 00:24:24.119
<v Speaker 4>Okay, so when you feed them bird seed like millet

473
00:24:24.519 --> 00:24:28.720
<v Speaker 4>to mark their feces, the house sparrows come and eat

474
00:24:28.759 --> 00:24:30.519
<v Speaker 4>it out of the feces before you can follow. Yea,

475
00:24:30.599 --> 00:24:33.279
<v Speaker 4>so oh the house sparrows, Yeah, they eat the seeds

476
00:24:33.359 --> 00:24:35.279
<v Speaker 4>out of there, so that kind of well, that's not

477
00:24:35.319 --> 00:24:35.960
<v Speaker 4>a good marker.

478
00:24:36.440 --> 00:24:39.759
<v Speaker 2>And then the chimpanzees are probably the worst because.

479
00:24:39.720 --> 00:24:43.359
<v Speaker 5>Hang on to your stomachs, gag triggers ahead, they see

480
00:24:43.400 --> 00:24:46.559
<v Speaker 5>that pretty green feces that someone just defecated, and then

481
00:24:46.599 --> 00:24:49.119
<v Speaker 5>they go eat it and they all eat it, so

482
00:24:49.160 --> 00:24:52.519
<v Speaker 5>then everyone has green feces.

483
00:24:52.599 --> 00:24:56.559
<v Speaker 4>So you cannot mark a chimpanzee's feces just because everybody

484
00:24:56.559 --> 00:24:59.039
<v Speaker 4>else eats it, and then everybone else's species is marked.

485
00:24:59.319 --> 00:25:03.160
<v Speaker 2>How what did the glitter experiment go? And went pretty well?

486
00:25:03.200 --> 00:25:03.480
<v Speaker 2>You know.

487
00:25:05.240 --> 00:25:08.799
<v Speaker 4>Some species, you know how the non toxic glitter has

488
00:25:08.839 --> 00:25:11.960
<v Speaker 4>different colors, right, Well, when we fed it to our lions,

489
00:25:12.000 --> 00:25:15.039
<v Speaker 4>they basically pooped out silver glitter no matter what color

490
00:25:15.039 --> 00:25:17.960
<v Speaker 4>we gave them. But I had a graduate student, Chris Schell,

491
00:25:18.119 --> 00:25:23.279
<v Speaker 4>that worked on coyotes, and the coyotes they actually would

492
00:25:23.359 --> 00:25:25.119
<v Speaker 4>still poop out the color of the glitter that they

493
00:25:25.160 --> 00:25:27.359
<v Speaker 4>didn't eat all I on their system didn't eat off

494
00:25:27.359 --> 00:25:29.279
<v Speaker 4>the color of the glitter, so he could use multiple

495
00:25:29.279 --> 00:25:33.319
<v Speaker 4>glitter colors to mark the different coyote feces, which was awesome.

496
00:25:33.599 --> 00:25:37.640
<v Speaker 2>So side note, of course you can purchase glitter filled capsules,

497
00:25:37.680 --> 00:25:40.640
<v Speaker 2>and of course people sell them on Etsy as shitter

498
00:25:40.680 --> 00:25:44.279
<v Speaker 2>glitter pills, but according to reviews, you got to take

499
00:25:44.319 --> 00:25:47.039
<v Speaker 2>a lot of them. And also some glitter is actually

500
00:25:47.079 --> 00:25:49.400
<v Speaker 2>just tiny plastic pieces, so let's just make a pack

501
00:25:49.599 --> 00:25:53.640
<v Speaker 2>to not Also, speaking of canines, I'm sorry I had

502
00:25:53.640 --> 00:25:55.559
<v Speaker 2>to ask, well, I have a question, what was your

503
00:25:55.599 --> 00:25:57.759
<v Speaker 2>dog's poop doing in the lab? Did you was that

504
00:25:58.079 --> 00:26:01.680
<v Speaker 2>just tracked in on a shoe or are you comparing?

505
00:26:01.880 --> 00:26:06.039
<v Speaker 2>I use all my animals to developer methods.

506
00:26:07.000 --> 00:26:11.359
<v Speaker 4>So like we were studying domestic dogs in and around

507
00:26:11.359 --> 00:26:15.319
<v Speaker 4>the Sarrangeti National Park and Tanzania. The domestic dogs are

508
00:26:15.559 --> 00:26:20.359
<v Speaker 4>used for service right they help protect the livestock from predation.

509
00:26:20.599 --> 00:26:22.599
<v Speaker 4>The problem with domestic dogs also is that they give

510
00:26:22.680 --> 00:26:26.559
<v Speaker 4>diseases like canon distemper or rabies to the wildlife, but

511
00:26:26.680 --> 00:26:30.880
<v Speaker 4>also rabies to people. And so we started a vaccination

512
00:26:31.079 --> 00:26:36.079
<v Speaker 4>campaign to reduce distemper which was affecting the lions, and

513
00:26:36.119 --> 00:26:39.359
<v Speaker 4>then reduce rabies, which affects a lot of species, including people.

514
00:26:39.480 --> 00:26:42.160
<v Speaker 4>And so I had to sort of develop the field

515
00:26:42.240 --> 00:26:45.240
<v Speaker 4>methods to take to the Serengeti so they could we

516
00:26:45.279 --> 00:26:48.119
<v Speaker 4>extract the hormones from the dog feces. And so then

517
00:26:48.160 --> 00:26:51.160
<v Speaker 4>I was using my dog species, I used my cat species.

518
00:26:51.200 --> 00:26:54.680
<v Speaker 4>I use my dog's hair. My dog's toenails, we do toenails.

519
00:26:55.640 --> 00:26:56.279
<v Speaker 2>The horse.

520
00:26:56.680 --> 00:26:58.720
<v Speaker 4>We haven't done horsepoop yet, but we've done horse hair,

521
00:26:58.839 --> 00:27:00.480
<v Speaker 4>you know, because I just have it. And if we're

522
00:27:00.519 --> 00:27:03.000
<v Speaker 4>just kind of trying to develop the methods in the lab,

523
00:27:03.400 --> 00:27:05.319
<v Speaker 4>you just we just need a product, right, we need

524
00:27:05.359 --> 00:27:08.400
<v Speaker 4>something to work with. So yeah, so yeah, we used

525
00:27:08.440 --> 00:27:11.039
<v Speaker 4>all my animals, So use what you got. Yeah.

526
00:27:11.200 --> 00:27:11.400
<v Speaker 1>Right.

527
00:27:12.119 --> 00:27:14.400
<v Speaker 2>Do you ever have any humans come to you and say, hey,

528
00:27:14.519 --> 00:27:16.319
<v Speaker 2>doctor poop, can you see if I'm doing all?

529
00:27:16.400 --> 00:27:19.880
<v Speaker 4>Right? Uh? No, Uh, we don't do We don't do

530
00:27:19.920 --> 00:27:23.680
<v Speaker 4>any human service stuff, though it's been accidental where we've

531
00:27:23.759 --> 00:27:28.480
<v Speaker 4>tried to develop some controls for our hormone essays and

532
00:27:28.839 --> 00:27:32.000
<v Speaker 4>used human urine to do that. And at the time,

533
00:27:32.079 --> 00:27:35.920
<v Speaker 4>my technician was pregnant and didn't know it, and you know, wow,

534
00:27:35.960 --> 00:27:39.720
<v Speaker 4>we had some progesterone controls there, so that was accidental.

535
00:27:40.640 --> 00:27:43.279
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you let her know. Oh yeah she found out.

536
00:27:43.359 --> 00:27:45.319
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, she found she was doing it and she found

537
00:27:45.319 --> 00:27:47.039
<v Speaker 4>out and she didn't tell anybody because you know, so

538
00:27:47.079 --> 00:27:48.559
<v Speaker 4>you had to wait for a wow of course. And

539
00:27:48.599 --> 00:27:50.960
<v Speaker 4>then yeah, so what a way to find out? Yeah,

540
00:27:50.960 --> 00:27:51.880
<v Speaker 4>what a way to find out?

541
00:27:52.440 --> 00:27:54.359
<v Speaker 2>Yep, just a busy day at the office.

542
00:27:54.480 --> 00:27:54.680
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

543
00:27:54.720 --> 00:27:58.880
<v Speaker 2>Well, and now you mentioned a little bit about bowling

544
00:27:58.960 --> 00:28:02.920
<v Speaker 2>ball rhino oh pooh, which is I'm still boggled by.

545
00:28:02.920 --> 00:28:04.759
<v Speaker 2>Does it really come out like a volleyball? It does?

546
00:28:04.920 --> 00:28:07.240
<v Speaker 4>Yes? And then I don't know if you've ever seen

547
00:28:07.240 --> 00:28:09.359
<v Speaker 4>a dog do this where they scrape their back legs

548
00:28:09.359 --> 00:28:11.680
<v Speaker 4>after they go to the bathroom. Yes, that's a sign

549
00:28:11.759 --> 00:28:15.599
<v Speaker 4>of territoriality. They're marking their territory. And rhinos do that.

550
00:28:15.759 --> 00:28:20.200
<v Speaker 4>But they purposely step in their feces and then they

551
00:28:20.240 --> 00:28:23.240
<v Speaker 4>walk away because that's how they mark their territory. They

552
00:28:23.279 --> 00:28:26.359
<v Speaker 4>have these little latrines called middens where they come by,

553
00:28:26.680 --> 00:28:29.680
<v Speaker 4>they defecate, they stop in it, they scrape in it,

554
00:28:29.720 --> 00:28:30.599
<v Speaker 4>and they walk away.

555
00:28:30.960 --> 00:28:35.079
<v Speaker 2>Rude. Wow, wow, Wow, I don't know what your phone's

556
00:28:35.119 --> 00:28:37.000
<v Speaker 2>data plan is but if you get a hot second,

557
00:28:37.240 --> 00:28:40.559
<v Speaker 2>feel free to google rhino pooping and you will find

558
00:28:40.680 --> 00:28:43.160
<v Speaker 2>we are in good company with hundreds of thousands of

559
00:28:43.160 --> 00:28:46.160
<v Speaker 2>people who have also wanted to watch rhinos shitting in

560
00:28:46.200 --> 00:28:48.119
<v Speaker 2>their middens, which, by the way, is a word which

561
00:28:48.160 --> 00:28:52.559
<v Speaker 2>comes from the Scandinavian for muck heap. So one video

562
00:28:52.599 --> 00:28:57.240
<v Speaker 2>by YouTuber zagif Zelionoff shows the moment that a San

563
00:28:57.279 --> 00:29:01.599
<v Speaker 2>Diego Zoo rhino turns its posterior to the crowd, lifts

564
00:29:01.599 --> 00:29:06.319
<v Speaker 2>a tail, and averts its floopy pink poop shoot ooops,

565
00:29:12.559 --> 00:29:17.799
<v Speaker 2>letting rumble fourth a dozen wet cannon balls of mashed

566
00:29:18.000 --> 00:29:21.559
<v Speaker 2>and digested hey, and a little liquid trickle at the end,

567
00:29:21.640 --> 00:29:24.920
<v Speaker 2>kind of like a delicate bow. When zag if Zelyonoff

568
00:29:25.079 --> 00:29:27.319
<v Speaker 2>took this vacation video, I highly doubt he knew that

569
00:29:27.359 --> 00:29:30.599
<v Speaker 2>it would be getting nearly eight hundred thousand views. But

570
00:29:31.039 --> 00:29:34.400
<v Speaker 2>here we are, and he's in good company with professional

571
00:29:34.440 --> 00:29:35.759
<v Speaker 2>poop doctors, and.

572
00:29:35.759 --> 00:29:37.799
<v Speaker 4>So well we're actually we're the rude ones because we

573
00:29:37.880 --> 00:29:41.200
<v Speaker 4>put camera traps on the latrains because we wanted to

574
00:29:41.240 --> 00:29:43.720
<v Speaker 4>get them in the act, because it's very important. Of course,

575
00:29:43.759 --> 00:29:46.880
<v Speaker 4>this is all the all for science is to know

576
00:29:47.119 --> 00:29:50.079
<v Speaker 4>when they defecated, how long has that sample been exposed

577
00:29:50.079 --> 00:29:52.640
<v Speaker 4>to the environment. And I already told you that bacteria

578
00:29:52.720 --> 00:29:55.039
<v Speaker 4>breaking down the hormones is our nemesis, right, we want

579
00:29:55.039 --> 00:29:57.839
<v Speaker 4>to stop that from happening, and so so anyway, so.

580
00:29:57.799 --> 00:29:59.119
<v Speaker 2>We put the camera traps.

581
00:29:59.319 --> 00:30:02.839
<v Speaker 4>It cakes picture of the rhinos when they're in action,

582
00:30:03.839 --> 00:30:06.039
<v Speaker 4>and then we have also the time and date stamp

583
00:30:06.079 --> 00:30:08.519
<v Speaker 4>when that that sample was left so we can study them.

584
00:30:08.519 --> 00:30:10.759
<v Speaker 4>So we were studying black rhinos in South Africa. We

585
00:30:10.880 --> 00:30:14.839
<v Speaker 4>like rarely ever saw rhinos. They're so elusive and so

586
00:30:14.839 --> 00:30:18.640
<v Speaker 4>those elusive poopers are really challenging, and so you can

587
00:30:18.680 --> 00:30:20.839
<v Speaker 4>you have to get stealth, and you have to get

588
00:30:21.119 --> 00:30:24.599
<v Speaker 4>these camera traps and figure out where to set them.

589
00:30:24.759 --> 00:30:27.680
<v Speaker 2>Now, that's so illegal if it's humans, but if it's rhinos,

590
00:30:27.680 --> 00:30:32.759
<v Speaker 2>it's fine. That's right exactly. And when it comes to smells,

591
00:30:33.440 --> 00:30:39.400
<v Speaker 2>why are some so distinct, It's because of what they eat.

592
00:30:39.680 --> 00:30:41.680
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, yeah, so I don't know what I'm feeding my

593
00:30:41.799 --> 00:30:46.240
<v Speaker 4>one dog, and may also just be the bacteria and

594
00:30:46.279 --> 00:30:50.839
<v Speaker 4>they're gut microbes that are causing this smell. But yes,

595
00:30:51.359 --> 00:30:53.920
<v Speaker 4>there's definitely related to food and bacteria.

596
00:30:54.720 --> 00:30:57.400
<v Speaker 2>And now when you're doing your lab work. I've seen

597
00:30:57.440 --> 00:31:01.160
<v Speaker 2>pictures of you. You're you're swabbing, you're cutting things, You're

598
00:31:01.400 --> 00:31:05.200
<v Speaker 2>you're stirring them with what looks like a tiny immersion.

599
00:31:04.680 --> 00:31:08.000
<v Speaker 4>Blenderrect I call it a special test tube blender.

600
00:31:08.079 --> 00:31:11.680
<v Speaker 2>Yes, a homogenizer. A homogenizer is the word. Yes, is

601
00:31:11.720 --> 00:31:13.440
<v Speaker 2>the science word for it. But it's really like if

602
00:31:13.440 --> 00:31:13.880
<v Speaker 2>you were going.

603
00:31:13.880 --> 00:31:16.079
<v Speaker 4>To froth up like a lot exactly. I tell people

604
00:31:16.119 --> 00:31:18.279
<v Speaker 4>that's our field methods. I said, do not use this

605
00:31:18.319 --> 00:31:21.680
<v Speaker 4>to make mixed drinks. This is just for feces. Let's

606
00:31:21.759 --> 00:31:24.279
<v Speaker 4>keep it separate, Yes, totally VCS only.

607
00:31:24.359 --> 00:31:27.000
<v Speaker 2>How are you running those assets to figure out like

608
00:31:27.440 --> 00:31:30.240
<v Speaker 2>what kind of hormones are in there? Like do you have?

609
00:31:30.680 --> 00:31:32.359
<v Speaker 2>How do you deal with all the data? I guess

610
00:31:32.359 --> 00:31:35.319
<v Speaker 2>that's my question, one day at a time.

611
00:31:35.519 --> 00:31:39.319
<v Speaker 4>It is overwhelming because we we you know, conservation is

612
00:31:39.359 --> 00:31:42.960
<v Speaker 4>a crisis science. We are losing species so quickly, and

613
00:31:43.039 --> 00:31:45.599
<v Speaker 4>so we all want to work together, we all want

614
00:31:45.599 --> 00:31:47.920
<v Speaker 4>to get things done. But it gets overwhelming with all

615
00:31:47.920 --> 00:31:53.240
<v Speaker 4>the data. And so you know, here every month we're

616
00:31:53.279 --> 00:31:56.440
<v Speaker 4>collecting samples from our zoo animals. When we have questions,

617
00:31:56.440 --> 00:31:59.119
<v Speaker 4>we're analyzing them, we're graphing them. We're sending them to

618
00:31:59.160 --> 00:32:01.880
<v Speaker 4>the manager so we can work with the managers. I'm

619
00:32:01.880 --> 00:32:05.759
<v Speaker 4>helping them manage their animals, and so it's it can

620
00:32:05.799 --> 00:32:07.680
<v Speaker 4>be over it can just be overwhelming. But I have

621
00:32:07.720 --> 00:32:11.079
<v Speaker 4>a lot of graduate students and so it's their responsibility

622
00:32:11.079 --> 00:32:13.559
<v Speaker 4>to keep the data all organized and graph it and

623
00:32:13.599 --> 00:32:16.000
<v Speaker 4>show it to me and analyze it.

624
00:32:16.240 --> 00:32:19.880
<v Speaker 2>So that helps. That helps having students and staff members too.

625
00:32:20.480 --> 00:32:23.720
<v Speaker 2>What's your pure l routine. Do you have a hand

626
00:32:23.759 --> 00:32:27.000
<v Speaker 2>sanitizer preference or is it like do you become desensitized

627
00:32:27.039 --> 00:32:29.119
<v Speaker 2>like booze pooh. Fine, you have to.

628
00:32:29.039 --> 00:32:33.559
<v Speaker 4>Be careful because there are diseases and feces, parasites, viruses,

629
00:32:33.720 --> 00:32:37.640
<v Speaker 4>and so we have to periodically remind people that this

630
00:32:37.839 --> 00:32:40.000
<v Speaker 4>is feces and you have to be careful, and so.

631
00:32:39.920 --> 00:32:42.240
<v Speaker 2>We have we have lots of protocols.

632
00:32:42.279 --> 00:32:44.880
<v Speaker 4>You never, even in your office, eat anything that's hit

633
00:32:44.920 --> 00:32:45.279
<v Speaker 4>the ground.

634
00:32:45.319 --> 00:32:48.400
<v Speaker 2>There's no five second role around us, for sure.

635
00:32:49.920 --> 00:32:52.119
<v Speaker 4>But yeah, we have a dirty lab and we keep

636
00:32:52.200 --> 00:32:54.319
<v Speaker 4>feces in a certain place and it has to be

637
00:32:54.400 --> 00:32:57.480
<v Speaker 4>either zip blocked in a bag to be in another place,

638
00:32:57.559 --> 00:33:00.079
<v Speaker 4>but or it's in this in the fecal lab. We

639
00:33:00.200 --> 00:33:03.119
<v Speaker 4>have these strict rules to make sure that we don't

640
00:33:03.160 --> 00:33:07.000
<v Speaker 4>have any contamination, any spread of diseases and stuff. So

641
00:33:07.000 --> 00:33:09.880
<v Speaker 4>it's really important actually, because you know, it still is

642
00:33:09.960 --> 00:33:12.640
<v Speaker 4>poop though we're pretty desensitized to it.

643
00:33:12.680 --> 00:33:15.559
<v Speaker 2>Do you think that's where the kind of wiring for

644
00:33:16.079 --> 00:33:20.039
<v Speaker 2>shame around number two happens because it's easy to be

645
00:33:20.119 --> 00:33:22.240
<v Speaker 2>like I gotta go be but you would never be like,

646
00:33:22.319 --> 00:33:24.079
<v Speaker 2>I'm gonna go take a dump, like you would never

647
00:33:24.160 --> 00:33:27.720
<v Speaker 2>announce that. Like, are there certain animals Does it happen

648
00:33:27.720 --> 00:33:31.160
<v Speaker 2>more with primates or social animals that seem more embarrassed

649
00:33:31.160 --> 00:33:32.799
<v Speaker 2>about taking a dump?

650
00:33:33.599 --> 00:33:37.200
<v Speaker 4>I don't know about embarrassed, but you know, they're what

651
00:33:37.319 --> 00:33:39.880
<v Speaker 4>I call the elusive poopers like cats who.

652
00:33:39.720 --> 00:33:41.680
<v Speaker 2>Bury their feces, right, they hide.

653
00:33:41.440 --> 00:33:44.920
<v Speaker 4>Their feces, unlike you know, some ungulates like deer that

654
00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:47.359
<v Speaker 4>may walk and poop at the same time. You know,

655
00:33:47.440 --> 00:33:50.759
<v Speaker 4>rhinos have a specific location or they're gonna go They're

656
00:33:50.759 --> 00:33:52.680
<v Speaker 4>gonna go to their midden, they're gonna defecate.

657
00:33:52.720 --> 00:33:55.799
<v Speaker 2>Their dogs are just kind of you know, right.

658
00:33:55.880 --> 00:33:58.079
<v Speaker 4>I mean, there might be some personalities that may be

659
00:33:58.119 --> 00:33:59.839
<v Speaker 4>a little bit more shy than others, but you know,

660
00:34:00.160 --> 00:34:03.559
<v Speaker 4>typically the feces that they're either trying to hide that

661
00:34:03.599 --> 00:34:05.119
<v Speaker 4>they're there and so they're going to cover it up,

662
00:34:05.599 --> 00:34:08.199
<v Speaker 4>or they're advertising that they're there right, or they don't care.

663
00:34:08.280 --> 00:34:10.159
<v Speaker 2>So you know, it just kind of really depends on

664
00:34:10.480 --> 00:34:11.079
<v Speaker 2>the species.

665
00:34:11.159 --> 00:34:11.559
<v Speaker 3>Mm hmm.

666
00:34:12.079 --> 00:34:16.079
<v Speaker 2>Ps. I asked the Internet why humans are ashamed of

667
00:34:16.119 --> 00:34:20.039
<v Speaker 2>their own poops and got back everything from our innate

668
00:34:20.239 --> 00:34:23.960
<v Speaker 2>desire to avoid parasites. Because even deer and sheep and

669
00:34:24.000 --> 00:34:28.159
<v Speaker 2>cows do not graze where they PLoP. To the Bible,

670
00:34:28.599 --> 00:34:32.320
<v Speaker 2>so Deuteronomy twenty three to twelve, anyone quote, you must

671
00:34:32.360 --> 00:34:35.840
<v Speaker 2>have a place outside the camp to go and relieve yourself,

672
00:34:36.079 --> 00:34:38.559
<v Speaker 2>and you must have a digging tool in your equipment

673
00:34:38.840 --> 00:34:41.039
<v Speaker 2>so that when you relieve yourself, you can dig a

674
00:34:41.039 --> 00:34:44.079
<v Speaker 2>hole and cover it up your excrement. So yes, even

675
00:34:44.119 --> 00:34:47.840
<v Speaker 2>God politely asked that you drop all deuces downwind and

676
00:34:47.880 --> 00:34:50.639
<v Speaker 2>away from the camp kitchen. Okay, And when I say you,

677
00:34:51.320 --> 00:34:54.920
<v Speaker 2>I'm including raccoons. I think I have a raccoon latrine

678
00:34:54.920 --> 00:34:58.480
<v Speaker 2>in my backyard. Ooh, I know, I know roundworms right, yes,

679
00:34:58.719 --> 00:35:01.960
<v Speaker 2>in the brain. Luckily it down the hill for me. Yes,

680
00:35:02.000 --> 00:35:03.719
<v Speaker 2>But I was like, who's been pooping in the art?

681
00:35:03.760 --> 00:35:05.280
<v Speaker 2>And I think, and I looked it up, and I

682
00:35:05.639 --> 00:35:09.639
<v Speaker 2>think it might be a raccoon toilet. Yes, that's cursed

683
00:35:09.760 --> 00:35:12.519
<v Speaker 2>with a raccoon toilet. Yes, yes, so that's something that

684
00:35:12.559 --> 00:35:14.039
<v Speaker 2>you should call it professional for that, right.

685
00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:18.199
<v Speaker 4>I would definitely either avoid it or try to bury

686
00:35:18.239 --> 00:35:19.000
<v Speaker 4>it or something.

687
00:35:19.159 --> 00:35:23.000
<v Speaker 2>Okay, Yeah, who I was. I got so excited about

688
00:35:23.039 --> 00:35:25.360
<v Speaker 2>having raccoon parties, and then I was like, well, that's

689
00:35:25.440 --> 00:35:27.079
<v Speaker 2>I don't want a brain parasite.

690
00:35:27.199 --> 00:35:30.440
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I mean there's there's some there's some reasons why

691
00:35:30.480 --> 00:35:32.960
<v Speaker 4>there's human wildlife conflict, right, and then some other things

692
00:35:32.960 --> 00:35:37.199
<v Speaker 4>that we should appreciate nature and engage with nature. But

693
00:35:37.519 --> 00:35:39.159
<v Speaker 4>you know, we also have to make sure that we

694
00:35:39.199 --> 00:35:41.079
<v Speaker 4>stay healthy and the animals stay healthy too.

695
00:35:41.159 --> 00:35:41.280
<v Speaker 2>Right.

696
00:35:41.400 --> 00:35:43.440
<v Speaker 4>So were some of our habits too are bad for them?

697
00:35:43.519 --> 00:35:44.559
<v Speaker 4>Like leaving trash out?

698
00:35:44.960 --> 00:35:47.000
<v Speaker 2>Oh for sure. Yeah, we don't want to leave a

699
00:35:47.119 --> 00:35:50.760
<v Speaker 2>Vegas style buffet for a raccoon. No exactly. Oh. I

700
00:35:50.800 --> 00:35:53.360
<v Speaker 2>wanted to ask, and I asked this copalto ologists. Is

701
00:35:53.400 --> 00:35:57.960
<v Speaker 2>there a movie or a TV show that deals with

702
00:35:58.039 --> 00:36:01.000
<v Speaker 2>this type of science or who in general that you

703
00:36:01.000 --> 00:36:03.119
<v Speaker 2>feel like really gets it right or wrong? How is

704
00:36:03.159 --> 00:36:06.440
<v Speaker 2>the poomji? Is the poom oji on points from the eyes?

705
00:36:08.400 --> 00:36:10.960
<v Speaker 4>No? And it depends on the species, right right, Yeah,

706
00:36:11.000 --> 00:36:13.119
<v Speaker 4>that's you know, it's more kind of a primate poo

707
00:36:13.280 --> 00:36:16.360
<v Speaker 4>than a It's not a ball, it's not it's not olive.

708
00:36:16.440 --> 00:36:19.079
<v Speaker 4>It's not a you know, golf ball or a bowling

709
00:36:19.119 --> 00:36:19.639
<v Speaker 4>ball or so.

710
00:36:19.920 --> 00:36:22.159
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's kind of insular of us to choose a

711
00:36:22.159 --> 00:36:25.599
<v Speaker 2>primate pooh. Yes, primates tend to have like the soft

712
00:36:25.639 --> 00:36:28.639
<v Speaker 2>served Yeah, chocolate soft serve. Do you have a problem

713
00:36:28.639 --> 00:36:29.719
<v Speaker 2>going to self serve yogurut?

714
00:36:30.239 --> 00:36:30.519
<v Speaker 6>I know?

715
00:36:31.639 --> 00:36:35.039
<v Speaker 4>In fact, I make these, uh, these awesome chocolate mint

716
00:36:35.079 --> 00:36:37.960
<v Speaker 4>cookies every Christmas.

717
00:36:37.320 --> 00:36:39.480
<v Speaker 2>That are shaped like Pooh, like a little.

718
00:36:39.280 --> 00:36:40.960
<v Speaker 4>Round poof, and you know they come from the you know,

719
00:36:41.079 --> 00:36:43.719
<v Speaker 4>Speakle lab, you know, happy Holidays.

720
00:36:43.760 --> 00:36:44.320
<v Speaker 2>I put some.

721
00:36:44.239 --> 00:36:46.559
<v Speaker 4>Powdered sugar on there, so you know, less less like

722
00:36:46.880 --> 00:36:49.599
<v Speaker 4>Pooh Pooh, but you know, yeah, yeah, no, I think

723
00:36:49.639 --> 00:36:50.159
<v Speaker 4>it's funny.

724
00:36:50.760 --> 00:36:53.800
<v Speaker 2>It's great. Yeah, is it? Is it? Which species is it?

725
00:36:53.920 --> 00:36:58.320
<v Speaker 2>Does it most resemble? It's probably more like a camel,

726
00:36:58.559 --> 00:37:00.760
<v Speaker 2>okay than anything else. Yeah, this is just like a

727
00:37:00.760 --> 00:37:03.199
<v Speaker 2>little ball. It's a golf ball. I have so many

728
00:37:03.280 --> 00:37:05.719
<v Speaker 2>questions from listeners that I'm holding off asking some of

729
00:37:05.719 --> 00:37:07.480
<v Speaker 2>them because I know listeners want to ask them. So

730
00:37:07.519 --> 00:37:10.280
<v Speaker 2>can I ask you Patreon questions? Sure? Okay, good, okay,

731
00:37:10.320 --> 00:37:13.440
<v Speaker 2>but before you're burning poop questions a quick break. So

732
00:37:13.599 --> 00:37:16.239
<v Speaker 2>each episode we donate to a charity of the ologists choosing,

733
00:37:16.320 --> 00:37:19.880
<v Speaker 2>and the Lincoln Park Zoo of Chicago funds so much

734
00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.840
<v Speaker 2>great conservation work and remains free to all visitors, which rules.

735
00:37:25.079 --> 00:37:27.719
<v Speaker 2>So Rachel aka Doctor Poop would like a donation to

736
00:37:27.760 --> 00:37:30.400
<v Speaker 2>go to them. It's a really beautiful campus, so do

737
00:37:30.480 --> 00:37:33.440
<v Speaker 2>take a stroll around next time you're in the Windy City.

738
00:37:33.679 --> 00:37:36.360
<v Speaker 2>So that donation was made possible by sponsors of the show,

739
00:37:36.440 --> 00:37:37.679
<v Speaker 2>who you may hear about now.

740
00:37:38.800 --> 00:37:41.519
<v Speaker 6>Mom, why did I call it Scottish cheese?

741
00:37:41.679 --> 00:37:44.519
<v Speaker 2>It's Cottash cheese, honey. And I'm not sure did.

742
00:37:44.440 --> 00:37:48.239
<v Speaker 6>The dogs in other countries speak different languages? Yeah?

743
00:37:48.400 --> 00:37:48.920
<v Speaker 8>I think so.

744
00:37:49.280 --> 00:37:50.639
<v Speaker 6>Well when we get there.

745
00:37:50.519 --> 00:37:52.480
<v Speaker 2>Well, we've got to fix the car first, but there's

746
00:37:52.519 --> 00:37:53.599
<v Speaker 2>someone coming to help us.

747
00:37:53.840 --> 00:37:55.599
<v Speaker 6>Is it the man from Geneva?

748
00:37:55.639 --> 00:37:59.559
<v Speaker 2>Not Geneva, he's from a Viva. Oh there's the van. Now.

749
00:37:59.840 --> 00:38:02.920
<v Speaker 8>For car insurance with breakdown rescue, it takes a Viva

750
00:38:03.199 --> 00:38:06.920
<v Speaker 8>visit Aviva dottaye to say fifteen percent acceptance criteria terms

751
00:38:06.920 --> 00:38:09.199
<v Speaker 8>and conditions apply. Minimum premium of three hundred and ten

752
00:38:09.239 --> 00:38:12.079
<v Speaker 8>year oh fifteen percent DISCANNT applies to new policies bought online.

753
00:38:12.079 --> 00:38:14.920
<v Speaker 8>See Aviva dotta E for details. Car insurance is underwritten

754
00:38:14.920 --> 00:38:17.800
<v Speaker 8>by Aviva Insurance, Arland Duck Aviva Direct Arland Limited is

755
00:38:17.840 --> 00:38:19.480
<v Speaker 8>regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland.

756
00:38:20.440 --> 00:38:21.880
<v Speaker 3>Okay, let's get to your questions.

757
00:38:22.159 --> 00:38:27.199
<v Speaker 2>Okay, questions from patrons. We got close to three hundred

758
00:38:27.239 --> 00:38:30.159
<v Speaker 2>in twenty four hours. People want to know about pooh.

759
00:38:30.400 --> 00:38:34.280
<v Speaker 2>Sandra Abate just made a comment and just said, what

760
00:38:34.320 --> 00:38:37.519
<v Speaker 2>a shitty subject with a poo emoji and also a

761
00:38:37.599 --> 00:38:39.880
<v Speaker 2>tongue out emoji, which is like not a good pair

762
00:38:39.920 --> 00:38:43.360
<v Speaker 2>if you ask me visually. But the most popular question

763
00:38:43.400 --> 00:38:46.119
<v Speaker 2>I would say, we got it was asked by Joe Weenenoffer,

764
00:38:46.400 --> 00:38:51.039
<v Speaker 2>Sid Rachel Weiss, Hailey Hullings, Paul Hancock, Jeffrey Doyle, Madeline Winter,

765
00:38:51.239 --> 00:38:54.519
<v Speaker 2>SCHMITTI Thompson, Toby James, and then first time question askers

766
00:38:54.760 --> 00:39:00.440
<v Speaker 2>Karen Elliott, Bennett Gerber, Kyle Torres and JJ Pierce. Everyone

767
00:39:00.440 --> 00:39:04.639
<v Speaker 2>wants to know. Karen Elliott's word says wombat poop square?

768
00:39:04.719 --> 00:39:06.960
<v Speaker 2>What the hell is that about? How? Why?

769
00:39:07.360 --> 00:39:07.559
<v Speaker 4>What?

770
00:39:08.000 --> 00:39:10.519
<v Speaker 2>And Paul Hancock said, how do they make a square?

771
00:39:10.559 --> 00:39:15.360
<v Speaker 2>Poop with what I assume is a round bum hoole. Wow.

772
00:39:15.880 --> 00:39:17.639
<v Speaker 4>You know, I actually had no idea that it was

773
00:39:17.679 --> 00:39:20.960
<v Speaker 4>square because we don't have a lot of Australian species here.

774
00:39:21.519 --> 00:39:24.400
<v Speaker 2>They shit a brick. Yeah, it's so weird. I think

775
00:39:24.440 --> 00:39:26.599
<v Speaker 2>something must have gone viral on the internet like a

776
00:39:26.639 --> 00:39:29.119
<v Speaker 2>few months ago, because I did not know that Walt's

777
00:39:29.159 --> 00:39:32.519
<v Speaker 2>poop square. Wow, I'll look it up. Yeah, is that crazy?

778
00:39:32.599 --> 00:39:32.800
<v Speaker 4>Yeah?

779
00:39:32.800 --> 00:39:36.920
<v Speaker 2>That is crazy because houch those corners, I know, I

780
00:39:37.039 --> 00:39:40.559
<v Speaker 2>know they can't there's no way that they can have

781
00:39:40.840 --> 00:39:42.719
<v Speaker 2>a rhombus buttthole.

782
00:39:42.480 --> 00:39:44.880
<v Speaker 4>And it doesn't like form when it hits the ground

783
00:39:44.920 --> 00:39:45.440
<v Speaker 4>and be like.

784
00:39:46.480 --> 00:39:49.480
<v Speaker 2>I don't know, I don't know, but I thought people

785
00:39:49.519 --> 00:39:51.559
<v Speaker 2>were joshing. I thought they were shitting me, but apparently

786
00:39:51.599 --> 00:39:54.199
<v Speaker 2>they're not. Of course, I'm going to have your backside

787
00:39:54.199 --> 00:39:57.119
<v Speaker 2>with an explanation here. And this is a pretty new finding.

788
00:39:57.199 --> 00:40:00.639
<v Speaker 2>So in the fifty million years that wombat have been

789
00:40:00.719 --> 00:40:05.280
<v Speaker 2>waddling around the planet, these large potato shaped marsupials have

790
00:40:05.440 --> 00:40:10.119
<v Speaker 2>shit mysteries until November twenty eighteen, when Georgia Tech scientist

791
00:40:10.239 --> 00:40:14.599
<v Speaker 2>doctor Patricia Yang, a fellow scatologist lead authored on a

792
00:40:14.639 --> 00:40:18.719
<v Speaker 2>paper titled how do wombats make cubed poo. So they

793
00:40:18.760 --> 00:40:23.000
<v Speaker 2>took the intestines of two wombats who died from vehicular

794
00:40:23.079 --> 00:40:27.639
<v Speaker 2>womba side and as another author, David Who told Science News, quote,

795
00:40:27.679 --> 00:40:31.199
<v Speaker 2>we opened up those intestines like it was Christmas. So

796
00:40:31.519 --> 00:40:34.920
<v Speaker 2>they found by blowing up balloons that in the last

797
00:40:34.960 --> 00:40:38.000
<v Speaker 2>eight percent of the intestines water is absorbed and the

798
00:40:38.079 --> 00:40:41.039
<v Speaker 2>lumps get dry and are shifted around in a way

799
00:40:41.039 --> 00:40:44.239
<v Speaker 2>to compress one side and then the other, and then boop,

800
00:40:44.599 --> 00:40:48.519
<v Speaker 2>very dry square peg shoots out of a round hole.

801
00:40:48.760 --> 00:40:51.159
<v Speaker 2>They can pop out up to one hundred of these

802
00:40:51.199 --> 00:40:54.760
<v Speaker 2>two centimeter suckers a night, and they stack them up

803
00:40:54.760 --> 00:40:57.920
<v Speaker 2>in piles to communicate to other wombats.

804
00:40:58.159 --> 00:40:58.920
<v Speaker 8>What is life?

805
00:40:59.199 --> 00:41:02.519
<v Speaker 2>Also colorI let's talk about it. Stircle Billin is what

806
00:41:02.719 --> 00:41:06.639
<v Speaker 2>browns it down, and it's the product of metabolized blood

807
00:41:06.880 --> 00:41:12.079
<v Speaker 2>and bile. So more pale, floaty and quote offending stool

808
00:41:12.639 --> 00:41:16.840
<v Speaker 2>might mean higher fat concentration and faster transit time. It

809
00:41:16.880 --> 00:41:20.719
<v Speaker 2>may indicate a pancreatic issue, y'all, and super dark and

810
00:41:21.079 --> 00:41:24.760
<v Speaker 2>or bloody could be signs of internal bleeding or a tumor.

811
00:41:24.920 --> 00:41:27.360
<v Speaker 2>So take a peep and then talk to a doc,

812
00:41:27.639 --> 00:41:30.679
<v Speaker 2>probably not a doctor Pooh at the zoo though, ps

813
00:41:30.719 --> 00:41:33.039
<v Speaker 2>if yours has ever been like a Saint Patty's shade

814
00:41:33.039 --> 00:41:35.639
<v Speaker 2>of green and I'm looking at you, Patrons Tara and Jana.

815
00:41:35.960 --> 00:41:39.000
<v Speaker 2>It was likely you ready for this from eating something

816
00:41:39.039 --> 00:41:43.079
<v Speaker 2>with blue food coloring, which breaks down into this very

817
00:41:43.119 --> 00:41:47.360
<v Speaker 2>concerning verdant hue. So drink a few liters of purple

818
00:41:47.400 --> 00:41:50.400
<v Speaker 2>sourus Rex kool Aid get back to me, actually, please

819
00:41:50.440 --> 00:41:54.199
<v Speaker 2>don't A lot of people Megan King, Grace Lauren, Joe Farantino,

820
00:41:54.280 --> 00:41:58.239
<v Speaker 2>Logan k Don Swart, Ryan Clark, and Emily Crook first

821
00:41:58.239 --> 00:42:02.280
<v Speaker 2>time question askers Emily and Show They want to know

822
00:42:03.119 --> 00:42:08.800
<v Speaker 2>why dogs love to snack on pooh? Why? Meghan King says,

823
00:42:08.800 --> 00:42:11.280
<v Speaker 2>why do dogs enjoy eating cat poop so much? They

824
00:42:11.280 --> 00:42:15.800
<v Speaker 2>treat them like I treat non parrellas like candies. Also,

825
00:42:15.960 --> 00:42:19.519
<v Speaker 2>non parrellas are those flattened chocolate kisses with sprinkles on

826
00:42:19.519 --> 00:42:22.480
<v Speaker 2>one side, even though actually the little round sprinkles are

827
00:42:22.480 --> 00:42:25.440
<v Speaker 2>the non parrellas, and in French that means without equal.

828
00:42:25.679 --> 00:42:29.519
<v Speaker 2>But they look like a pile of colorful hardshelled deer

829
00:42:29.599 --> 00:42:32.800
<v Speaker 2>droppings on a micro scale. But yes, why do dogs

830
00:42:32.880 --> 00:42:37.159
<v Speaker 2>eat cat turds like they're candy. Do they know something

831
00:42:37.199 --> 00:42:37.639
<v Speaker 2>we don't.

832
00:42:38.719 --> 00:42:41.559
<v Speaker 4>Well, first of all, cat poo is really stinky, and

833
00:42:41.840 --> 00:42:43.880
<v Speaker 4>there are you know, pretty much they're supposed to be

834
00:42:43.880 --> 00:42:47.000
<v Speaker 4>straight carnivores, right, yeah, and so they I mean, it's

835
00:42:47.039 --> 00:42:50.159
<v Speaker 4>all it's all about what they're eating, right, So it

836
00:42:50.280 --> 00:42:52.920
<v Speaker 4>smells so good, so you know, to.

837
00:42:52.880 --> 00:42:56.039
<v Speaker 2>Their dog, of course, I think it's just I think

838
00:42:56.039 --> 00:42:56.679
<v Speaker 2>it's just odor.

839
00:42:56.760 --> 00:42:59.400
<v Speaker 4>And then you know, dogs maybe like to be a

840
00:42:59.440 --> 00:43:04.079
<v Speaker 4>little bad sometimes, But there is some evolutionary history to

841
00:43:05.119 --> 00:43:10.239
<v Speaker 4>feces eating, especially with a female a bitch with her litter,

842
00:43:10.880 --> 00:43:13.880
<v Speaker 4>because they they want to conceal their litter, so they'll

843
00:43:13.920 --> 00:43:19.320
<v Speaker 4>actually eat the feces. And then when before the pups

844
00:43:19.599 --> 00:43:22.719
<v Speaker 4>can really do anything on their own, they lick their

845
00:43:22.800 --> 00:43:25.679
<v Speaker 4>heine right to cause them to urinate and defecate, and

846
00:43:25.719 --> 00:43:28.400
<v Speaker 4>then the moms eat it. So it's really it's really

847
00:43:28.880 --> 00:43:32.440
<v Speaker 4>I don't know if more females do it than male dogs,

848
00:43:32.920 --> 00:43:35.840
<v Speaker 4>but they there is a reason why they would eat feces.

849
00:43:35.880 --> 00:43:40.280
<v Speaker 4>Now the other species, like my dogs eat horse poop,

850
00:43:40.320 --> 00:43:42.880
<v Speaker 4>they eat rabbit poop, they eat dog poop. They I mean,

851
00:43:42.880 --> 00:43:45.719
<v Speaker 4>it's terrible. I just you know, it's just really gross,

852
00:43:46.400 --> 00:43:50.440
<v Speaker 4>especially when they burp. You know, you're just like, oh,

853
00:43:50.480 --> 00:43:53.719
<v Speaker 4>but anyway, so there is a reason why you know

854
00:43:54.880 --> 00:43:55.599
<v Speaker 4>the history of it.

855
00:43:55.719 --> 00:43:57.320
<v Speaker 2>At least you a history of it. So it's to

856
00:43:57.400 --> 00:44:02.119
<v Speaker 2>conceal there they're dead, and then other patrons have the

857
00:44:02.159 --> 00:44:05.159
<v Speaker 2>question and I will list their names later. Okay, now

858
00:44:05.360 --> 00:44:08.679
<v Speaker 2>is later and first time question askers Kyle Wilkinson and

859
00:44:08.760 --> 00:44:12.239
<v Speaker 2>Ashley Curtin and Elliot Warden want to know why do

860
00:44:12.320 --> 00:44:15.440
<v Speaker 2>some species of animal eat their own like twice, like

861
00:44:15.519 --> 00:44:19.039
<v Speaker 2>lagomorphs like rabbits, and certain animals are like, let's have

862
00:44:19.119 --> 00:44:19.519
<v Speaker 2>that it ag.

863
00:44:19.880 --> 00:44:22.760
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, So rabbits have two types of feces they have.

864
00:44:23.480 --> 00:44:28.159
<v Speaker 4>They defecate out vitamins and minerals, and so they had

865
00:44:28.239 --> 00:44:31.360
<v Speaker 4>to actually eat that in order to absorb it. I'm

866
00:44:31.360 --> 00:44:33.039
<v Speaker 4>not sure if they have to. I don't know the

867
00:44:33.079 --> 00:44:35.840
<v Speaker 4>whole biology behind them. If they have to actually like

868
00:44:35.960 --> 00:44:38.000
<v Speaker 4>their body has to break it down a little bit

869
00:44:38.039 --> 00:44:40.880
<v Speaker 4>before they can actually ingest it, so they have to eat.

870
00:44:41.320 --> 00:44:43.559
<v Speaker 2>They have to eat it. Then then they have another

871
00:44:43.679 --> 00:44:46.639
<v Speaker 2>kind of defication, which is like the waste product. Man.

872
00:44:46.719 --> 00:44:50.199
<v Speaker 2>I wonder if they're excited because they are their own

873
00:44:50.280 --> 00:44:53.280
<v Speaker 2>vending machine, or if they're like Why do we have

874
00:44:53.360 --> 00:44:56.000
<v Speaker 2>to eat our own shit? Why no one else has

875
00:44:56.039 --> 00:44:58.400
<v Speaker 2>to eat their own shit other than some of us, Like, I.

876
00:44:58.360 --> 00:45:02.360
<v Speaker 4>Wonder this good thing? We're so cute. I mean, you know,

877
00:45:02.519 --> 00:45:05.920
<v Speaker 4>I don't know why why that would be. And except

878
00:45:05.960 --> 00:45:10.039
<v Speaker 4>for their digestive system maybe is not as efficient or

879
00:45:10.199 --> 00:45:12.719
<v Speaker 4>you know, able to absorb some of those nutrients.

880
00:45:12.800 --> 00:45:14.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so they have to you know, eat it, yeah

881
00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:20.159
<v Speaker 2>boop leftovers. Yeah, you know, my mom calls leftovers French cooking.

882
00:45:20.239 --> 00:45:23.280
<v Speaker 2>She calls it deja vous. They're growing French tonight, so

883
00:45:23.320 --> 00:45:26.679
<v Speaker 2>I guess they just have a lot of leftovers. Yes. Wow,

884
00:45:26.840 --> 00:45:29.519
<v Speaker 2>this episode learn a lot of folks, such as the

885
00:45:29.599 --> 00:45:33.559
<v Speaker 2>Little Nugget, that rabbits don't just eat their poo. They

886
00:45:33.599 --> 00:45:39.800
<v Speaker 2>eat special hindgut fermented and very nutrient rich poohs called sikatropes,

887
00:45:39.960 --> 00:45:43.280
<v Speaker 2>which usually are dark and lumped together and look kind

888
00:45:43.280 --> 00:45:46.039
<v Speaker 2>of like a BlackBerry, but made of dark pooh, and

889
00:45:46.079 --> 00:45:50.400
<v Speaker 2>according to one rabbit care site, ciccotropes are soft, sticky,

890
00:45:50.519 --> 00:45:54.280
<v Speaker 2>and pungent, and usually eaten directly from the anus, so

891
00:45:54.360 --> 00:45:57.760
<v Speaker 2>you won't often see them at a sight out of mind. Please,

892
00:45:57.800 --> 00:46:01.559
<v Speaker 2>dear Lord Abigail Irvin Penner, first time question asker asked

893
00:46:01.719 --> 00:46:04.480
<v Speaker 2>why do different species have different scented poop? Like a

894
00:46:04.519 --> 00:46:06.679
<v Speaker 2>cat poop candle would smell so different than a dog

895
00:46:06.719 --> 00:46:10.239
<v Speaker 2>poop candle than a human poop candle, but all cat

896
00:46:10.599 --> 00:46:13.239
<v Speaker 2>smells the same and all dog poop smells the same.

897
00:46:13.320 --> 00:46:16.079
<v Speaker 2>Is that just dietary? Do you think? I?

898
00:46:16.239 --> 00:46:19.639
<v Speaker 4>Definitely, my I can tell which dog left the pile.

899
00:46:19.719 --> 00:46:22.639
<v Speaker 4>There is definitely an odor difference. But yeah, again it's

900
00:46:22.719 --> 00:46:27.000
<v Speaker 4>it's it's about the microbes and the gut and what

901
00:46:27.039 --> 00:46:28.360
<v Speaker 4>they're eating for sure. Mmm.

902
00:46:28.519 --> 00:46:31.480
<v Speaker 2>God, I hope no one ever makes a cat poop candle. God,

903
00:46:31.599 --> 00:46:34.000
<v Speaker 2>do not want never anyone.

904
00:46:34.239 --> 00:46:37.199
<v Speaker 4>That's the reason why they bury it, right, yeah, amad?

905
00:46:37.239 --> 00:46:39.119
<v Speaker 2>First time question asker wants to know how full of

906
00:46:39.159 --> 00:46:42.119
<v Speaker 2>poop are we exactly at any given point in time?

907
00:46:42.199 --> 00:46:44.280
<v Speaker 2>Do you think, wow, how much poop.

908
00:46:44.000 --> 00:46:44.559
<v Speaker 6>Is in us?

909
00:46:44.719 --> 00:46:47.920
<v Speaker 4>I just think about those colonoscopes and how much liquid

910
00:46:48.000 --> 00:46:50.199
<v Speaker 4>you have to actually drink to clear it out.

911
00:46:50.239 --> 00:46:51.199
<v Speaker 2>I mean that's a lot.

912
00:46:51.440 --> 00:46:54.280
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I can't remember how long the intestence is, like

913
00:46:54.280 --> 00:46:56.840
<v Speaker 4>one hundred and twenty feet or something ridiculous. And so

914
00:46:57.280 --> 00:47:01.119
<v Speaker 4>if you're not eating a lot of table you know

915
00:47:01.360 --> 00:47:05.719
<v Speaker 4>they could be in there for a while, I think, so, Yeah.

916
00:47:04.960 --> 00:47:07.119
<v Speaker 2>Isn't it crazy to think whenever you're just like sitting

917
00:47:07.119 --> 00:47:09.039
<v Speaker 2>in a get a party, that there's a ton of

918
00:47:09.119 --> 00:47:11.320
<v Speaker 2>pooh there? But it's just in bodies.

919
00:47:11.440 --> 00:47:13.679
<v Speaker 4>I just I try not to think about it, especially

920
00:47:13.719 --> 00:47:15.960
<v Speaker 4>you know, on the airplane when you're all stuck.

921
00:47:16.119 --> 00:47:19.480
<v Speaker 2>Oh, yeah, I was on an airplane this morning. Yes, oh,

922
00:47:19.679 --> 00:47:22.360
<v Speaker 2>thought about that. Mm hmm ps. I look this up,

923
00:47:22.519 --> 00:47:25.599
<v Speaker 2>and for every one hundred pounds of body weight, you

924
00:47:25.639 --> 00:47:28.599
<v Speaker 2>make about a half pound of solid waste a day.

925
00:47:28.760 --> 00:47:31.599
<v Speaker 2>But I saw one Reddit post, I mean, let's be honest.

926
00:47:31.639 --> 00:47:35.039
<v Speaker 2>I looked for one from a guy who, per doctor's orders,

927
00:47:35.119 --> 00:47:39.960
<v Speaker 2>was taking a pre colonoscopede what he called military grade laxative,

928
00:47:40.159 --> 00:47:44.639
<v Speaker 2>and though fully hydrated, he says he offloaded eight.

929
00:47:44.440 --> 00:47:45.360
<v Speaker 3>Pounds of cargo.

930
00:47:45.760 --> 00:47:45.960
<v Speaker 5>Now.

931
00:47:46.039 --> 00:47:49.280
<v Speaker 2>This next question was also asked by Jennifer Tran. A

932
00:47:49.320 --> 00:47:54.000
<v Speaker 2>few people had questions, including Karen Elliott, about civet pooh coffee,

933
00:47:54.199 --> 00:47:56.840
<v Speaker 2>like what happens in seeds and when coffee beans have

934
00:47:56.880 --> 00:47:58.639
<v Speaker 2>to pass through? Right?

935
00:47:58.840 --> 00:48:01.599
<v Speaker 4>So, some seeds I guess they have I don't know much,

936
00:48:01.639 --> 00:48:04.159
<v Speaker 4>but they have like the outer coating that has to

937
00:48:04.199 --> 00:48:08.519
<v Speaker 4>be broken down, and so I guess the digestive system

938
00:48:08.599 --> 00:48:11.599
<v Speaker 4>of some of these species. It's really necessary for a

939
00:48:11.639 --> 00:48:14.400
<v Speaker 4>lot of plants actually to have their seeds ingested and

940
00:48:14.440 --> 00:48:17.280
<v Speaker 4>then defecated, so it sort of breaks apart the outside

941
00:48:17.280 --> 00:48:18.519
<v Speaker 4>to help them germanate.

942
00:48:18.719 --> 00:48:22.280
<v Speaker 2>Oh, and then question about a lot of people had

943
00:48:22.360 --> 00:48:26.679
<v Speaker 2>questions about positioning. Monica Schneider said, I've heard that squatting

944
00:48:26.719 --> 00:48:29.920
<v Speaker 2>is the optimal position for our digestive system. I'm picturing

945
00:48:29.960 --> 00:48:32.639
<v Speaker 2>my dog. How did toilets evolve to be so upright?

946
00:48:33.239 --> 00:48:33.320
<v Speaker 4>Or?

947
00:48:33.800 --> 00:48:38.519
<v Speaker 2>Mainly like, should should we as primates? Should we be

948
00:48:38.559 --> 00:48:39.320
<v Speaker 2>squatting more?

949
00:48:40.519 --> 00:48:42.800
<v Speaker 4>It's the cultural thing, I think, because you go to

950
00:48:42.840 --> 00:48:45.960
<v Speaker 4>Africa and you're squatting, you know, it's a porcelain squatter.

951
00:48:46.199 --> 00:48:48.280
<v Speaker 4>I mean, you know you're squatting, you know. And so

952
00:48:49.320 --> 00:48:51.079
<v Speaker 4>I've heard that you're supposed to squat Do.

953
00:48:51.079 --> 00:48:56.079
<v Speaker 2>Other primates, chimpanzees, apes are the squatting? Yeah, they're squatting. Yah, yep,

954
00:48:56.440 --> 00:49:05.280
<v Speaker 2>They're definitely not sitting on a ceramic bowl reading a phone. Oh,

955
00:49:05.440 --> 00:49:08.079
<v Speaker 2>sid got Pujart wants to know does any animal have

956
00:49:08.199 --> 00:49:10.000
<v Speaker 2>nice smelling poop? Actually?

957
00:49:11.360 --> 00:49:18.000
<v Speaker 4>Yes, yeah, the giant panda has poo that smells like tea.

958
00:49:18.679 --> 00:49:19.639
<v Speaker 2>They're eating bamboo.

959
00:49:19.719 --> 00:49:23.280
<v Speaker 4>It literally smells like tea when you know, here we were,

960
00:49:23.440 --> 00:49:28.960
<v Speaker 4>we freeze dry poop sometimes, and some lucky scientists was

961
00:49:28.960 --> 00:49:32.679
<v Speaker 4>freezes drying his giant panda poo while I was freeze

962
00:49:32.719 --> 00:49:38.800
<v Speaker 4>driving my fishing cat poo. So yes, uh, giant panda

963
00:49:38.880 --> 00:49:39.519
<v Speaker 4>smells like tea.

964
00:49:39.840 --> 00:49:42.079
<v Speaker 2>Ah did that change your relationship to tea?

965
00:49:42.800 --> 00:49:45.840
<v Speaker 4>Uh? No, But I really kind of despise the giant

966
00:49:45.840 --> 00:49:48.719
<v Speaker 4>pandaf you know, all these things, certain things about them,

967
00:49:48.800 --> 00:49:52.360
<v Speaker 4>even though they'd been very successful program right, they dropped

968
00:49:52.360 --> 00:49:55.760
<v Speaker 4>there in danger species status and stuff. So but yeah,

969
00:49:55.840 --> 00:49:58.840
<v Speaker 4>it's just like one more thing where you know, giant

970
00:49:58.840 --> 00:50:00.800
<v Speaker 4>pana got a lot of funding because of the way

971
00:50:00.800 --> 00:50:03.920
<v Speaker 4>they look and their icon for a while ife conservation,

972
00:50:04.079 --> 00:50:06.639
<v Speaker 4>and then something like a fishing cat or a blackfooted ferret,

973
00:50:06.639 --> 00:50:09.480
<v Speaker 4>which is you know, smaller and less known, you tend

974
00:50:09.480 --> 00:50:13.079
<v Speaker 4>to get less funding, you know. So I was like, oh,

975
00:50:13.199 --> 00:50:14.760
<v Speaker 4>even their pooh smells good.

976
00:50:17.719 --> 00:50:23.239
<v Speaker 2>I love it. Fann has got haters, makes sense? This

977
00:50:23.320 --> 00:50:27.599
<v Speaker 2>is gonna be broadcasted. No, no, it's hilarious. Vin Retti

978
00:50:27.679 --> 00:50:30.800
<v Speaker 2>wants to know. And several people ask this question the

979
00:50:30.840 --> 00:50:34.639
<v Speaker 2>Bristol stool scale. Have you heard of it? Where it's

980
00:50:34.679 --> 00:50:38.400
<v Speaker 2>like I guess certain consistencies. Yes. This was also asked

981
00:50:38.440 --> 00:50:41.679
<v Speaker 2>by Hailey Temple, who called the Bristol stool scale the

982
00:50:41.719 --> 00:50:44.360
<v Speaker 2>best thing in the universe. And well, that might be

983
00:50:44.360 --> 00:50:48.039
<v Speaker 2>a little hyperbolic, Hailey. It's a great guide for people

984
00:50:48.119 --> 00:50:53.079
<v Speaker 2>with IBS or problem poos to communicate to doctors or

985
00:50:53.199 --> 00:50:54.360
<v Speaker 2>friends in the group chat.

986
00:50:54.719 --> 00:50:55.559
<v Speaker 3>None of my business.

987
00:50:55.760 --> 00:51:01.199
<v Speaker 2>But it features types one through seven interdly. So number

988
00:51:01.199 --> 00:51:05.719
<v Speaker 2>one is separate hard lumps like nuts, two is sausage shaped,

989
00:51:05.760 --> 00:51:10.519
<v Speaker 2>but lumpy four is snakelike. We've also got some soft blobs,

990
00:51:10.760 --> 00:51:15.079
<v Speaker 2>some fluff, and finally number seven entirely liquid. Oh. Yes,

991
00:51:15.159 --> 00:51:19.480
<v Speaker 2>the Bristol Scale. So who was this genius doctor Bristol. Well,

992
00:51:19.519 --> 00:51:22.639
<v Speaker 2>sadly he exists only in our minds, brown eye. This

993
00:51:23.079 --> 00:51:27.639
<v Speaker 2>iconic piece of medical communication was the brainchild of doctors

994
00:51:27.800 --> 00:51:30.800
<v Speaker 2>Stephen Lewis and Ken Heaton, who drew it up at

995
00:51:30.800 --> 00:51:34.239
<v Speaker 2>a teaching hospital in Bristol, England. And I don't know

996
00:51:34.280 --> 00:51:37.000
<v Speaker 2>why they didn't jump on the pr opportunity to name

997
00:51:37.039 --> 00:51:39.920
<v Speaker 2>it the Lewis Heaton stool Scale. Yuh huh, Yeah, is

998
00:51:39.920 --> 00:51:42.039
<v Speaker 2>that the same for different animals? Are just a human thing?

999
00:51:42.440 --> 00:51:44.599
<v Speaker 4>Well, it depends on the animal what their their normal

1000
00:51:44.760 --> 00:51:47.880
<v Speaker 4>texture should be, right, and then yes, any kind of

1001
00:51:47.960 --> 00:51:50.960
<v Speaker 4>variation from that, you know, is it dietary?

1002
00:51:51.079 --> 00:51:53.320
<v Speaker 2>Is it illness? It's definitely an indicator of health.

1003
00:51:53.440 --> 00:51:53.719
<v Speaker 4>M hm.

1004
00:51:54.119 --> 00:51:57.199
<v Speaker 2>Do other species look at their chuck out their poops?

1005
00:51:58.360 --> 00:52:02.480
<v Speaker 4>Well there, but right, so the rhinos are coming in

1006
00:52:02.480 --> 00:52:05.360
<v Speaker 4>and check out everybody's poop in particular. Yeah, no, they're

1007
00:52:05.360 --> 00:52:07.360
<v Speaker 4>all interested. And then you know, the chimpanzees are coming

1008
00:52:07.400 --> 00:52:09.199
<v Speaker 4>to check it out, and so they're eating what's in it?

1009
00:52:10.239 --> 00:52:11.440
<v Speaker 4>Don't ever put corn in there?

1010
00:52:11.599 --> 00:52:17.039
<v Speaker 2>Oh, actually, I'm glad you mentioned it. Definitely had a

1011
00:52:17.079 --> 00:52:22.519
<v Speaker 2>corn question or two. Casey new Haven wants to know

1012
00:52:22.639 --> 00:52:25.880
<v Speaker 2>what's up with corn and why don't we properly digest it?

1013
00:52:26.039 --> 00:52:29.719
<v Speaker 2>And uh so another person had the same question, which

1014
00:52:29.800 --> 00:52:30.679
<v Speaker 2>is hilarious.

1015
00:52:32.400 --> 00:52:33.280
<v Speaker 3>I'll find them.

1016
00:52:33.360 --> 00:52:35.400
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, a lot of a lot of species.

1017
00:52:35.440 --> 00:52:38.000
<v Speaker 4>I don't know if it's just like the fiber the

1018
00:52:38.039 --> 00:52:41.679
<v Speaker 4>cellular nature of corn that makes it not as digestible

1019
00:52:41.800 --> 00:52:44.920
<v Speaker 4>without being processed, but we use it to mark a

1020
00:52:44.960 --> 00:52:48.480
<v Speaker 4>lot of feces. Not a lot of animals can digest corn.

1021
00:52:48.719 --> 00:52:51.920
<v Speaker 2>So really yeah, Melissa Cross had that question too. So

1022
00:52:52.039 --> 00:52:55.840
<v Speaker 2>it's so if you see kernels, there's nothing wrong with you. Yeah,

1023
00:52:55.880 --> 00:52:58.840
<v Speaker 2>there's nothing wrong with you at all. Maybe Yeah. Alison

1024
00:52:58.920 --> 00:53:01.719
<v Speaker 2>Hughes wants to know what is up with fecal transplants.

1025
00:53:01.800 --> 00:53:04.559
<v Speaker 2>Is this just a fad in humans or humans getting these?

1026
00:53:04.719 --> 00:53:07.920
<v Speaker 2>Where are other animals getting these done too? Like do

1027
00:53:08.039 --> 00:53:11.360
<v Speaker 2>other animals eat others poop to get the microbiome?

1028
00:53:13.199 --> 00:53:17.280
<v Speaker 4>So I think this actually came from the cattle industry. Oh,

1029
00:53:17.360 --> 00:53:20.840
<v Speaker 4>because they have what do you call a fiscalated cows

1030
00:53:21.280 --> 00:53:22.519
<v Speaker 4>and it's actually.

1031
00:53:22.159 --> 00:53:23.079
<v Speaker 2>Like a porthole.

1032
00:53:23.559 --> 00:53:26.039
<v Speaker 4>So they've sewn on the cow because the rooman bumps

1033
00:53:26.119 --> 00:53:28.840
<v Speaker 4>up right to the body wall and you can do

1034
00:53:28.960 --> 00:53:31.280
<v Speaker 4>a surgery and then you have a hole right into

1035
00:53:31.280 --> 00:53:32.159
<v Speaker 4>the rooman pus.

1036
00:53:32.239 --> 00:53:35.920
<v Speaker 2>The rouman is the first of four stomach chambers and

1037
00:53:36.039 --> 00:53:38.159
<v Speaker 2>ruminants and in cows. Are you ready for this? It

1038
00:53:38.159 --> 00:53:43.000
<v Speaker 2>can hold up to forty gallons of sloshy chewed up

1039
00:53:43.079 --> 00:53:48.000
<v Speaker 2>grass that ferments like your roommate's kombucha experiment, and it vets.

1040
00:53:48.000 --> 00:53:51.800
<v Speaker 2>Schools like you see Davis and Rachel's alma mater, Clemson,

1041
00:53:52.119 --> 00:53:56.039
<v Speaker 2>they'll often have cows with an open porthole in its

1042
00:53:56.079 --> 00:53:59.360
<v Speaker 2>belly into which you can insert a gloved arm.

1043
00:53:59.559 --> 00:54:01.800
<v Speaker 4>They make you make the cow swallow a pill, and

1044
00:54:01.840 --> 00:54:03.880
<v Speaker 4>you have to catch it as it comes into the room.

1045
00:54:03.960 --> 00:54:06.920
<v Speaker 4>And that's just so you're reaching in there with all

1046
00:54:06.960 --> 00:54:10.000
<v Speaker 4>the room and fluid is churning. I mean, it's like squeezing,

1047
00:54:10.079 --> 00:54:12.320
<v Speaker 4>you know. That's they I have to digest their their

1048
00:54:12.840 --> 00:54:15.119
<v Speaker 4>the forage that way, and so it's like coming out

1049
00:54:15.119 --> 00:54:18.599
<v Speaker 4>in your hair and you're like oh, you're like ah,

1050
00:54:19.000 --> 00:54:21.119
<v Speaker 4>reaching because you can get an a if you catch

1051
00:54:21.159 --> 00:54:24.320
<v Speaker 4>this pill coming through. But so when they give the

1052
00:54:24.400 --> 00:54:27.760
<v Speaker 4>cows that they cattle and other rumen, it's in particular

1053
00:54:28.000 --> 00:54:33.519
<v Speaker 4>really need that those bacteria, those microtcrobes to digest their food,

1054
00:54:34.320 --> 00:54:37.920
<v Speaker 4>and so if you give them antibiotics, that wipes it out,

1055
00:54:38.000 --> 00:54:40.280
<v Speaker 4>and so they literally will take it out of the

1056
00:54:40.360 --> 00:54:43.280
<v Speaker 4>rooman from the fisculated cow, the healthy cow, and put

1057
00:54:43.320 --> 00:54:45.480
<v Speaker 4>it into the others. I mean, I think they'll they'll

1058
00:54:45.519 --> 00:54:47.519
<v Speaker 4>put it in a pill. They'll have them swallow it too,

1059
00:54:47.599 --> 00:54:48.320
<v Speaker 4>like we would too.

1060
00:54:48.320 --> 00:54:49.800
<v Speaker 2>But they're learning so much.

1061
00:54:50.159 --> 00:54:53.400
<v Speaker 4>This is not my science, but micro microbial ecology and

1062
00:54:53.800 --> 00:54:58.199
<v Speaker 4>the relationship between our health, our even our stress responses

1063
00:54:58.239 --> 00:55:01.360
<v Speaker 4>with these gut microbes. It is really important and they're

1064
00:55:01.400 --> 00:55:03.920
<v Speaker 4>learning all this information. I mean, I think it's really valuable.

1065
00:55:03.960 --> 00:55:06.239
<v Speaker 4>It's not just a fad. It's something that we're going

1066
00:55:06.320 --> 00:55:08.280
<v Speaker 4>to learn more and more about because we're learning how

1067
00:55:08.320 --> 00:55:11.760
<v Speaker 4>these microbes control a lot of our responses.

1068
00:55:12.320 --> 00:55:17.079
<v Speaker 2>See the microbiology episode with UCLA professor doctor Elaine Shaw,

1069
00:55:17.320 --> 00:55:20.719
<v Speaker 2>who is a leader in studying how our guts at

1070
00:55:20.760 --> 00:55:24.280
<v Speaker 2>butts affect our brains. Yeah, and do you find that

1071
00:55:24.360 --> 00:55:27.920
<v Speaker 2>studying cortisol and studying stress hormones in animals, do you

1072
00:55:27.960 --> 00:55:31.599
<v Speaker 2>ever find yourself relating that at all to your stress

1073
00:55:31.679 --> 00:55:35.480
<v Speaker 2>response or if you're looking sort of like how certain

1074
00:55:35.559 --> 00:55:39.000
<v Speaker 2>animals might be stressed when they're lonely or when they're changed.

1075
00:55:39.079 --> 00:55:41.840
<v Speaker 4>Habitats, or Yeah, we look at that because we want

1076
00:55:41.880 --> 00:55:44.920
<v Speaker 4>to make sure we minimize stress, and we look at

1077
00:55:45.000 --> 00:55:50.440
<v Speaker 4>what I found is transportation is one of the highest stressors.

1078
00:55:50.480 --> 00:55:53.000
<v Speaker 2>Maybe you can relate to that today. Literally have been

1079
00:55:53.000 --> 00:55:56.000
<v Speaker 2>on a plane all day, like got it at three

1080
00:55:56.039 --> 00:55:57.840
<v Speaker 2>in the morning to catch a flight in the snow.

1081
00:55:58.599 --> 00:56:00.599
<v Speaker 2>Oh god. And so it's very stressful.

1082
00:56:00.639 --> 00:56:03.199
<v Speaker 4>Even like you know, we have the Brookvalds real close

1083
00:56:03.239 --> 00:56:04.880
<v Speaker 4>to us, and it's like less than twenty miles away,

1084
00:56:04.920 --> 00:56:07.679
<v Speaker 4>but of course there's Chicago traffic. But even coming from

1085
00:56:07.679 --> 00:56:11.400
<v Speaker 4>that short distance is a stressor, and so we learn

1086
00:56:11.719 --> 00:56:16.320
<v Speaker 4>about when animals are particularly stressed during this process. Because

1087
00:56:16.320 --> 00:56:18.719
<v Speaker 4>we have to bring in new individuals, we have to

1088
00:56:18.760 --> 00:56:21.719
<v Speaker 4>share them between zoos in order to maintain the genetic

1089
00:56:21.800 --> 00:56:22.760
<v Speaker 4>health of these species.

1090
00:56:22.800 --> 00:56:25.280
<v Speaker 2>And you mentioned that you live in Indiana, sixty miles

1091
00:56:25.280 --> 00:56:27.440
<v Speaker 2>from the Chicago Zoo. Do you ever think about that

1092
00:56:27.519 --> 00:56:28.000
<v Speaker 2>during your.

1093
00:56:27.880 --> 00:56:30.639
<v Speaker 4>Community It's like, it's like my time by myself because

1094
00:56:30.639 --> 00:56:33.440
<v Speaker 4>when I get home, the dogs want me, the ponies

1095
00:56:33.480 --> 00:56:35.519
<v Speaker 4>want me, the cat, well, the cat, yes, no, the

1096
00:56:35.519 --> 00:56:37.360
<v Speaker 4>cat does want me to and my six year old

1097
00:56:37.440 --> 00:56:39.679
<v Speaker 4>son wants attention. They all want attention. They all want

1098
00:56:39.719 --> 00:56:41.519
<v Speaker 4>food and they all want it now. And so like

1099
00:56:41.599 --> 00:56:43.480
<v Speaker 4>I'm go, go go. So the hour and a half

1100
00:56:43.519 --> 00:56:44.000
<v Speaker 4>I spend in.

1101
00:56:44.000 --> 00:56:46.360
<v Speaker 2>The car, it's actually calming.

1102
00:56:46.480 --> 00:56:49.360
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, that is like my my alone time. And so

1103
00:56:49.440 --> 00:56:51.239
<v Speaker 4>I knew what I was getting into when I moved

1104
00:56:51.239 --> 00:56:52.719
<v Speaker 4>that far. But you know, if you want to have

1105
00:56:52.800 --> 00:56:55.400
<v Speaker 4>your ponies in the backyard, you have to live so

1106
00:56:55.519 --> 00:56:56.440
<v Speaker 4>far away from the city.

1107
00:56:56.519 --> 00:56:57.920
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, I think it's great that you have a

1108
00:56:57.920 --> 00:57:00.280
<v Speaker 2>balance at both. My job, you know, is you get

1109
00:57:00.320 --> 00:57:02.400
<v Speaker 2>more and more advanced in your career, you tend to.

1110
00:57:02.400 --> 00:57:05.280
<v Speaker 4>Get more further away from like what you loved about

1111
00:57:05.280 --> 00:57:07.320
<v Speaker 4>it in the beginning, you know, like I love working

1112
00:57:07.400 --> 00:57:09.719
<v Speaker 4>the lab, I love working with the animals, and so

1113
00:57:09.800 --> 00:57:11.760
<v Speaker 4>to get my animal fixed, I get it.

1114
00:57:11.679 --> 00:57:13.840
<v Speaker 2>At home, even if it's just shovelling poop, which I

1115
00:57:13.880 --> 00:57:15.880
<v Speaker 2>do a lot of. This next one was asked by

1116
00:57:15.960 --> 00:57:21.000
<v Speaker 2>Isabel Bie Holper and Wing Christina Weaver Joe Weinhoffer, like,

1117
00:57:21.480 --> 00:57:25.239
<v Speaker 2>why do animals have such different shapes? Why do rabbits

1118
00:57:26.119 --> 00:57:29.239
<v Speaker 2>poop pebbles? And huh and others are bigger ones, Like

1119
00:57:29.800 --> 00:57:30.639
<v Speaker 2>what's going on there?

1120
00:57:30.760 --> 00:57:30.920
<v Speaker 4>Oh?

1121
00:57:30.960 --> 00:57:32.519
<v Speaker 2>You know, I've been asked that question before.

1122
00:57:32.559 --> 00:57:34.239
<v Speaker 4>I sho should have looked it up at Yeah, they

1123
00:57:34.280 --> 00:57:36.960
<v Speaker 4>all have their different shapes, and like I said, we

1124
00:57:37.039 --> 00:57:40.440
<v Speaker 4>even individuals have their own special kind of shapes, you know,

1125
00:57:40.599 --> 00:57:43.920
<v Speaker 4>like horses kind of have the kidney bean shape, and

1126
00:57:45.320 --> 00:57:48.639
<v Speaker 4>then there's pellets and it must be related to their diet.

1127
00:57:49.400 --> 00:57:51.880
<v Speaker 4>They cause thems to do that and the passage rate

1128
00:57:52.000 --> 00:57:52.960
<v Speaker 4>through the gut system.

1129
00:57:53.119 --> 00:57:55.280
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's so funny. If you ever see a like

1130
00:57:55.320 --> 00:57:58.920
<v Speaker 2>a goat shit, it's just like a sock full of

1131
00:57:59.119 --> 00:58:00.679
<v Speaker 2>pebbles being inside out.

1132
00:58:00.760 --> 00:58:03.559
<v Speaker 4>Yeah what Yeah, and it is drop it and they

1133
00:58:03.599 --> 00:58:06.039
<v Speaker 4>keep going and like not even like anything happened, and

1134
00:58:06.039 --> 00:58:09.159
<v Speaker 4>no one else thinks anything happens, I know, just not

1135
00:58:09.280 --> 00:58:10.239
<v Speaker 4>a big deal at all.

1136
00:58:10.559 --> 00:58:13.119
<v Speaker 2>Okay, I look this up and one theory of pebble

1137
00:58:13.159 --> 00:58:16.000
<v Speaker 2>poos is that the more likely an animal is to

1138
00:58:16.039 --> 00:58:18.639
<v Speaker 2>be prey, the more risky it is to go take

1139
00:58:18.679 --> 00:58:21.360
<v Speaker 2>a drink of water, and the more water their body

1140
00:58:21.360 --> 00:58:25.760
<v Speaker 2>wants to conserve, producing number two's that are number ones

1141
00:58:25.840 --> 00:58:29.639
<v Speaker 2>on the Bristol stool scale. Separate heart lumps like nuts?

1142
00:58:29.800 --> 00:58:30.440
<v Speaker 3>Is that nuts?

1143
00:58:30.639 --> 00:58:33.159
<v Speaker 2>Okay? Laura Springer wants to know what is the coolest

1144
00:58:33.239 --> 00:58:35.960
<v Speaker 2>or most fascinating thing you've ever found out about an

1145
00:58:35.960 --> 00:58:40.719
<v Speaker 2>animal from looking at its poop? Any just bananas, discoveries

1146
00:58:40.719 --> 00:58:42.159
<v Speaker 2>that you've made that really surprised you.

1147
00:58:42.360 --> 00:58:46.119
<v Speaker 4>A lot of times, particularly what's our our animals here

1148
00:58:46.119 --> 00:58:49.119
<v Speaker 4>at the zoo like our like our hairy sechwan talkin

1149
00:58:49.559 --> 00:58:54.920
<v Speaker 4>it's a giant goat like species from Asia. And you know,

1150
00:58:54.960 --> 00:58:57.239
<v Speaker 4>it's very hard to tell when they're pregnant, you know,

1151
00:58:57.320 --> 00:59:00.360
<v Speaker 4>and so like I am like the first one to know,

1152
00:59:00.639 --> 00:59:02.760
<v Speaker 4>you know, at the zoo when animals are pregnant, that

1153
00:59:02.880 --> 00:59:03.639
<v Speaker 4>is the coolest thing.

1154
00:59:03.679 --> 00:59:04.760
<v Speaker 2>We're like a doctor's office.

1155
00:59:04.760 --> 00:59:06.719
<v Speaker 4>We're all like hush hush, And even when people have

1156
00:59:06.800 --> 00:59:09.559
<v Speaker 4>like no clue, and I, of course immediately tell them

1157
00:59:09.559 --> 00:59:12.320
<v Speaker 4>because you know, when you know we're pregnant, and animals a pregnant,

1158
00:59:12.320 --> 00:59:14.440
<v Speaker 4>you can't give them certain medications and stuff, so they

1159
00:59:14.480 --> 00:59:16.960
<v Speaker 4>need to know, you know, immediately that this is this

1160
00:59:17.039 --> 00:59:17.719
<v Speaker 4>is what happens.

1161
00:59:17.880 --> 00:59:21.119
<v Speaker 2>So it's often that we are learning things.

1162
00:59:20.760 --> 00:59:23.480
<v Speaker 4>That no one else has learned before, and that that

1163
00:59:23.559 --> 00:59:27.519
<v Speaker 4>keeps your job exciting and fresh and willing to work

1164
00:59:27.559 --> 00:59:28.639
<v Speaker 4>with pooh every.

1165
00:59:28.480 --> 00:59:33.239
<v Speaker 2>Day for aquatic animals and amphibians. Rachel also has pioneered

1166
00:59:33.239 --> 00:59:36.960
<v Speaker 2>ways of measuring hormones with skin secretion samples, which she

1167
00:59:37.039 --> 00:59:41.000
<v Speaker 2>calls frog swabs, and she says that's much easier than

1168
00:59:41.159 --> 00:59:44.119
<v Speaker 2>hanging on to a toad waiting for it to unload

1169
00:59:44.159 --> 00:59:47.079
<v Speaker 2>on you. I've seen a video of a toad drop

1170
00:59:47.079 --> 00:59:52.400
<v Speaker 2>in a log and wow, poop is pretty big, giant.

1171
00:59:52.599 --> 00:59:54.960
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, but the problem is they don't do it often enough,

1172
00:59:55.039 --> 00:59:56.880
<v Speaker 4>or sometimes for us, they're doing it in the water,

1173
00:59:57.039 --> 00:59:58.119
<v Speaker 4>and so then I'm just like.

1174
00:59:58.519 --> 01:00:00.239
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, who knows what's in there?

1175
01:00:00.360 --> 01:00:00.599
<v Speaker 5>Yeah?

1176
01:00:00.639 --> 01:00:02.719
<v Speaker 2>Well, speaking of water, Heather Dunsmore wants to know when

1177
01:00:02.719 --> 01:00:04.400
<v Speaker 2>we're in the ocean or a lake, are we just

1178
01:00:04.440 --> 01:00:06.480
<v Speaker 2>swimming in a bunch of fish poop DoD dogs.

1179
01:00:07.599 --> 01:00:09.360
<v Speaker 4>Yes, they definitely poop in the water, so you are

1180
01:00:09.400 --> 01:00:12.079
<v Speaker 4>swimming with poop, but it's hopefully diluted out and then

1181
01:00:12.119 --> 01:00:14.280
<v Speaker 4>it becomes like sediment and drops.

1182
01:00:13.960 --> 01:00:15.800
<v Speaker 2>To the ground. That's called marine snow.

1183
01:00:16.000 --> 01:00:17.880
<v Speaker 4>After a while, it mayce kind of swirl around a

1184
01:00:17.880 --> 01:00:20.039
<v Speaker 4>little bit, so you know, don't swallow water. But then

1185
01:00:20.079 --> 01:00:22.039
<v Speaker 4>it's actually going to go to the bottom, and then

1186
01:00:22.079 --> 01:00:24.199
<v Speaker 4>other things are going to eat it.

1187
01:00:24.199 --> 01:00:27.360
<v Speaker 2>It's just dinner, sir. Yeah, it's a food cycle, right,

1188
01:00:27.440 --> 01:00:30.079
<v Speaker 2>you know, it's just like lunch confetti. Yeah, it's just

1189
01:00:30.159 --> 01:00:32.360
<v Speaker 2>like your dog's eating other pooh. Have you seen any

1190
01:00:32.400 --> 01:00:36.360
<v Speaker 2>of those videos of whales pooping? Yes, oh boy, yes.

1191
01:00:36.480 --> 01:00:41.599
<v Speaker 4>And actually we published a poop picture at our latest paper.

1192
01:00:41.320 --> 01:00:43.880
<v Speaker 2>On sea otters because seaatters do the same thing.

1193
01:00:43.920 --> 01:00:48.480
<v Speaker 4>It's like a bloom of a poop, and so like,

1194
01:00:48.559 --> 01:00:51.840
<v Speaker 4>how can you study the stress of a sea otter?

1195
01:00:52.039 --> 01:00:56.400
<v Speaker 2>You know, it's really difficult. This professional published academic paper

1196
01:00:56.519 --> 01:01:00.360
<v Speaker 2>about using whisker and hair and blood samples from ottersus

1197
01:01:00.440 --> 01:01:03.559
<v Speaker 2>A full color photo of a Monterey Bay Aquarium otter

1198
01:01:03.840 --> 01:01:06.559
<v Speaker 2>just kind of chilling, looking like a stoned guy in

1199
01:01:06.639 --> 01:01:10.440
<v Speaker 2>an oceanic jacuzzi. But if you look closely, with the

1200
01:01:10.519 --> 01:01:15.519
<v Speaker 2>discerning scientific eye of a scatologist, you will notice a

1201
01:01:15.599 --> 01:01:19.079
<v Speaker 2>yellowish cloud off to it's right. Again, this photo appears

1202
01:01:19.119 --> 01:01:21.159
<v Speaker 2>in doctor Poop's published paper.

1203
01:01:21.280 --> 01:01:24.400
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, but we totally have a poop picture latest. I mean, like,

1204
01:01:24.440 --> 01:01:27.639
<v Speaker 4>how cool is that? I mean, who who gets to

1205
01:01:27.679 --> 01:01:29.760
<v Speaker 4>do that anymore? You know, putting a poop picture in

1206
01:01:29.800 --> 01:01:31.079
<v Speaker 4>the in their publications.

1207
01:01:31.119 --> 01:01:34.440
<v Speaker 2>Not a lot of not enough people, not enough people

1208
01:01:34.519 --> 01:01:36.639
<v Speaker 2>could grease the wheels with a little ship.

1209
01:01:36.880 --> 01:01:38.639
<v Speaker 4>Well, we had to get her point across. It's very

1210
01:01:38.639 --> 01:01:40.559
<v Speaker 4>hard to get fezis from sea otters.

1211
01:01:40.639 --> 01:01:42.760
<v Speaker 2>So here you go. You're like, this is why we're

1212
01:01:42.760 --> 01:01:46.719
<v Speaker 2>tapping on our veins. We have to Yeah, last questions,

1213
01:01:46.719 --> 01:01:50.599
<v Speaker 2>I always ask uh shittiest thing about your job? This

1214
01:01:50.719 --> 01:01:52.599
<v Speaker 2>is a question I ask of everyone, but for you,

1215
01:01:52.679 --> 01:01:55.960
<v Speaker 2>I actually do mean it, like, what is the hardest

1216
01:01:56.280 --> 01:01:59.400
<v Speaker 2>or most annoying or irk something? What's one thing about

1217
01:01:59.400 --> 01:02:00.800
<v Speaker 2>your job that just sucks.

1218
01:02:00.920 --> 01:02:04.880
<v Speaker 4>Besides the saliva pipetting, like stringing from one tube to another.

1219
01:02:05.440 --> 01:02:09.719
<v Speaker 4>I mean, I think that the challenging thing is trying

1220
01:02:09.760 --> 01:02:12.960
<v Speaker 4>to do our science not invasively, you know, because we

1221
01:02:13.000 --> 01:02:15.719
<v Speaker 4>want to understand stressed physiology and you can't obviously stress

1222
01:02:15.719 --> 01:02:17.719
<v Speaker 4>them out for that, and so that's why you develop

1223
01:02:17.719 --> 01:02:21.760
<v Speaker 4>all these different tools to their stressed physiology. So so

1224
01:02:21.880 --> 01:02:26.519
<v Speaker 4>that is very challenging. And then finding funding for these

1225
01:02:26.719 --> 01:02:29.719
<v Speaker 4>lesser known species that really need the attention, you know, like.

1226
01:02:29.679 --> 01:02:30.480
<v Speaker 2>The blackfoot affair.

1227
01:02:30.559 --> 01:02:32.800
<v Speaker 4>We you know, they really we have six to seven

1228
01:02:32.840 --> 01:02:35.360
<v Speaker 4>hundred left in the world, you know, So you know,

1229
01:02:35.440 --> 01:02:37.159
<v Speaker 4>some of that is very challenging. When you know you

1230
01:02:37.239 --> 01:02:39.920
<v Speaker 4>have the giant panda gets like lots of money, you know.

1231
01:02:40.039 --> 01:02:42.199
<v Speaker 2>So I know you feel like Winnie the Pooh in

1232
01:02:42.239 --> 01:02:46.280
<v Speaker 2>a Halloween costume versus a weasel. Yes, exactly, not easy. Yeah,

1233
01:02:46.000 --> 01:02:48.639
<v Speaker 2>is it heard of weasel? Yes? Okay, I got to

1234
01:02:48.679 --> 01:02:51.039
<v Speaker 2>do I need a weasel. It's a weasel family. Yeah, okay,

1235
01:02:51.239 --> 01:02:54.800
<v Speaker 2>would that be a must electologist? What would that be? Yeah,

1236
01:02:54.920 --> 01:02:58.440
<v Speaker 2>I guess we got a fine one. Anyone holler hook

1237
01:02:58.519 --> 01:03:00.440
<v Speaker 2>me up with a weasel person. Yeah, yeah, I want

1238
01:03:00.440 --> 01:03:02.920
<v Speaker 2>to learn about weasels. But yeah, so it's getting funding.

1239
01:03:02.960 --> 01:03:05.000
<v Speaker 2>I hear from a lot of scientists it's not their

1240
01:03:05.039 --> 01:03:07.760
<v Speaker 2>favorite part of the job. Yeah. Yeah, and we you know,

1241
01:03:07.800 --> 01:03:09.519
<v Speaker 2>we do. We write a lot of grants here at zoo.

1242
01:03:09.559 --> 01:03:12.480
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, because we're a nonprofit, we're a free zoo, and

1243
01:03:12.559 --> 01:03:14.440
<v Speaker 4>so we have to get creative and where our funding

1244
01:03:14.440 --> 01:03:14.960
<v Speaker 4>comes from.

1245
01:03:15.039 --> 01:03:17.039
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean I didn't realize that you guys were

1246
01:03:17.039 --> 01:03:20.039
<v Speaker 2>a free zoo, yes, Dame, so, yes, you got to

1247
01:03:20.039 --> 01:03:22.679
<v Speaker 2>make it up other ways. Yes, that makes sense. Yeah.

1248
01:03:22.719 --> 01:03:26.000
<v Speaker 2>And then what do you love about your job as

1249
01:03:26.079 --> 01:03:30.920
<v Speaker 2>a FECs researcher the most, the most job.

1250
01:03:31.119 --> 01:03:34.199
<v Speaker 4>It's really it's really that I can say I'm making

1251
01:03:34.199 --> 01:03:39.480
<v Speaker 4>a difference. We're making a difference with conserving wildlife, whether

1252
01:03:39.559 --> 01:03:41.920
<v Speaker 4>it's you know, small amphibians that don't get a lot

1253
01:03:41.920 --> 01:03:45.320
<v Speaker 4>of tension or ferrets. You know, this is, like I said,

1254
01:03:45.320 --> 01:03:47.400
<v Speaker 4>one of the rarest mammals we have here in North America,

1255
01:03:47.559 --> 01:03:49.719
<v Speaker 4>and you know I work on a couple of those,

1256
01:03:49.800 --> 01:03:53.280
<v Speaker 4>and it's just like we we are figuring out, we're

1257
01:03:53.320 --> 01:03:56.920
<v Speaker 4>finding out why they're having issues breeding or you know,

1258
01:03:57.880 --> 01:04:00.719
<v Speaker 4>even here at the zoo, when our our animals are

1259
01:04:00.760 --> 01:04:02.880
<v Speaker 4>just you know, it's very difficult to put them together.

1260
01:04:03.079 --> 01:04:06.360
<v Speaker 4>Working with the managers so they can help them understand

1261
01:04:06.360 --> 01:04:09.639
<v Speaker 4>their animals, better understand what's going on inside their animals

1262
01:04:09.639 --> 01:04:12.519
<v Speaker 4>so they can respond and take care of their animals

1263
01:04:12.599 --> 01:04:15.239
<v Speaker 4>or put them together when they're ready to breed. That's

1264
01:04:15.280 --> 01:04:17.639
<v Speaker 4>really rewarding when we're successful and you know we have

1265
01:04:17.679 --> 01:04:20.039
<v Speaker 4>a baby rhino or two, you know, coming out, and

1266
01:04:20.239 --> 01:04:23.039
<v Speaker 4>just you know, the rhinos in particular, the black rinders

1267
01:04:23.039 --> 01:04:25.440
<v Speaker 4>are critically in dangered species. You know, there's like five

1268
01:04:25.599 --> 01:04:27.920
<v Speaker 4>thousand a little bit over five thousand in the wild.

1269
01:04:28.519 --> 01:04:30.400
<v Speaker 2>And you know here we've produced.

1270
01:04:29.960 --> 01:04:32.719
<v Speaker 4>Too in the last I don't know, I'm going to

1271
01:04:32.760 --> 01:04:35.800
<v Speaker 4>say since twenty thirteen. And that is really cool and

1272
01:04:35.840 --> 01:04:37.880
<v Speaker 4>I was part of that, and it was it was

1273
01:04:37.960 --> 01:04:39.079
<v Speaker 4>really rewarding to see.

1274
01:04:39.000 --> 01:04:42.920
<v Speaker 2>Those and so feeling like being a poop detective, lets

1275
01:04:42.960 --> 01:04:45.079
<v Speaker 2>you have a little bit more context for what the

1276
01:04:45.119 --> 01:04:46.719
<v Speaker 2>animals are going through, what's best for them?

1277
01:04:46.840 --> 01:04:48.719
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, yeah, you know, because you can look at them,

1278
01:04:48.719 --> 01:04:51.280
<v Speaker 4>but you don't necessarily know what's going on inside. And

1279
01:04:51.320 --> 01:04:54.519
<v Speaker 4>that is you know, my skill, you know, poop detective.

1280
01:04:54.960 --> 01:04:58.199
<v Speaker 4>So yeah, and that's what's great about physiology. You can

1281
01:04:58.239 --> 01:05:00.760
<v Speaker 4>really understand how animals are responding to environment.

1282
01:05:01.199 --> 01:05:03.239
<v Speaker 2>Wow, so our hearts aren't on our sleeves, they're in

1283
01:05:03.320 --> 01:05:09.000
<v Speaker 2>our poo. That's right, toilet. Oh, that's amazing. Thank you

1284
01:05:09.119 --> 01:05:11.320
<v Speaker 2>so much for all the hard and not always great

1285
01:05:11.559 --> 01:05:15.440
<v Speaker 2>smelling work that you do. It's my pleasure. So ask

1286
01:05:15.679 --> 01:05:18.639
<v Speaker 2>smart people crappy questions and you're going to learn so

1287
01:05:18.760 --> 01:05:20.840
<v Speaker 2>much about yourself and others.

1288
01:05:21.079 --> 01:05:21.920
<v Speaker 3>Maybe too much.

1289
01:05:22.119 --> 01:05:24.760
<v Speaker 2>Now, Doctor Rachel Santamier is at Lincoln Park Zoo and

1290
01:05:24.800 --> 01:05:27.480
<v Speaker 2>you can follow them at Lincoln Park Zoo. We are

1291
01:05:27.519 --> 01:05:31.199
<v Speaker 2>at Ologies on Twitter and Instagram. I'm Ali Ward with

1292
01:05:31.239 --> 01:05:33.599
<v Speaker 2>one L on both, so do come be our friends.

1293
01:05:33.840 --> 01:05:36.920
<v Speaker 2>Ologies Merch is available at ologiesmerch dot com. Thank you

1294
01:05:36.960 --> 01:05:39.159
<v Speaker 2>Shannon Feltas and Bonnie Dutch of the podcast You Are

1295
01:05:39.159 --> 01:05:42.039
<v Speaker 2>That for managing that. Thank you Aaron Talbert for managing

1296
01:05:42.079 --> 01:05:45.920
<v Speaker 2>the Ologies podcast Facebook group. Emily White and her amazing

1297
01:05:45.920 --> 01:05:48.920
<v Speaker 2>group of transcriptionists work to make sure these episodes are

1298
01:05:48.920 --> 01:05:52.159
<v Speaker 2>available for free. They are at aliward dot com slash

1299
01:05:52.159 --> 01:05:55.079
<v Speaker 2>Ologies Extras. There's also bleeped episodes if you want to

1300
01:05:55.119 --> 01:05:57.960
<v Speaker 2>listen with kids, or with a class or with my parents,

1301
01:05:58.320 --> 01:06:00.440
<v Speaker 2>and there's a link to that in the show notes.

1302
01:06:00.679 --> 01:06:03.079
<v Speaker 2>So thank you to Jared Sleeper of the podcast Make

1303
01:06:03.119 --> 01:06:05.719
<v Speaker 2>Good Bad Brain for assistant editing, and of course lead

1304
01:06:05.840 --> 01:06:08.840
<v Speaker 2>editor Stephen Ray Morris for all the piecing together each

1305
01:06:08.840 --> 01:06:11.559
<v Speaker 2>week he hosts the podcast see Jurassic Rights and the

1306
01:06:11.599 --> 01:06:14.800
<v Speaker 2>per cast and just generally he's a shit now. Nick

1307
01:06:14.880 --> 01:06:17.719
<v Speaker 2>Thorburn wrote and performed the theme music. And if you

1308
01:06:17.760 --> 01:06:20.039
<v Speaker 2>stick around past the credits, you know I tell you

1309
01:06:20.199 --> 01:06:22.800
<v Speaker 2>a secret, and this week I'm gonna keep it on theme.

1310
01:06:22.840 --> 01:06:25.679
<v Speaker 2>Don't get too excited. But as a kid, I had

1311
01:06:25.760 --> 01:06:29.679
<v Speaker 2>a hamster named Bacon and she was just skittering across

1312
01:06:29.840 --> 01:06:32.199
<v Speaker 2>on the kitchen counter. She dropped a few little gifts,

1313
01:06:32.280 --> 01:06:35.159
<v Speaker 2>and I had only seen hamster droppings like way after

1314
01:06:35.199 --> 01:06:38.800
<v Speaker 2>the fact, and I just assumed that they came out

1315
01:06:38.960 --> 01:06:42.000
<v Speaker 2>as hard, dry pellets, so I tried to brush them

1316
01:06:42.000 --> 01:06:45.559
<v Speaker 2>into the sink, not realizing that they would just be mushy.

1317
01:06:46.039 --> 01:06:48.760
<v Speaker 2>And so anyway, that's about the time I smeared Pooh

1318
01:06:48.800 --> 01:06:52.000
<v Speaker 2>confetti all over the kitchen counter and learned, wow, hamsters

1319
01:06:52.599 --> 01:06:55.320
<v Speaker 2>comes out just like us. Also, I scrubbed the counter

1320
01:06:55.360 --> 01:06:57.760
<v Speaker 2>pretty hard. I never told my family though, Sorry guys.

1321
01:06:57.840 --> 01:06:58.599
<v Speaker 3>Okay for by.

1322
01:06:58.599 --> 01:07:12.519
<v Speaker 2>Packaderman collegebyology or do zoology, lithology, new Technology, meteorology, normal paradologynthology, seriology, selenology.

1323
01:07:19.639 --> 01:07:19.960
<v Speaker 8>Hops.

1324
01:07:20.000 --> 01:07:20.559
<v Speaker 2>He sounds a

1325
01:07:20.639 --> 01:07:24.800
<v Speaker 5>Broads that is one big pile of ship