Speaker 1: Chapter eight of History of Egypt. This is a LibriVox recording.
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Speaker 1: of Egypt by F. C. H. Wendel. Chapter eight, The
Speaker 1: Ethiopians and Assyrians in Egypt Dynasties twenty three, twenty four
Speaker 1: and twenty five eight hundred to six forty five b c.
Speaker 1: Section one Dynasty twenty three, the disintegration of Egypt and
Speaker 1: the first Ethiopian invasion already under Sheshenk the Third. Thebes
Speaker 1: seems to have been lost to the Libyan dynasty. The
Speaker 1: last monument that mentions any king of the twenty second
Speaker 1: dynasty in Karnak is dated from the twenty ninth year
Speaker 1: of Sheshenk's reign, and after the loss of Thebes, these
Speaker 1: kings were confined to the Delta. Four kings are mentioned
Speaker 1: in the inscription of King Piangki, but we know little
Speaker 1: of any one of them. They are usu ar Ken
Speaker 1: of Bubastis, probably the same man as usar Ken the third,
Speaker 1: the last of the Bibastides, a alpet of Klisma, Nemart
Speaker 1: of Ramunu, Hermopolis and Pef dead Bast of Renensuten Heracleopolis.
Speaker 1: Manitho states that Pef deed Bast, whom he calls Petubastis,
Speaker 1: reigned forty years. A notice preserved by Amian to the
Speaker 1: effect that in his time the Phoenicians had suddenly attacked
Speaker 1: and taken Thebes is probably a faint recollection of the
Speaker 1: Ethiopian invasion. At all events, The inscription of Piangxi, which
Speaker 1: mentions besides these four kings, sixteen rulers of smaller districts
Speaker 1: amply proves that Egypt was at this time completely disintegrated.
Speaker 1: The rise of Ethiopia we have seen that for many
Speaker 1: centuries Ethiopia was an Egyptian province, but it would seem
Speaker 1: that at the close of the twenty first dynasty it
Speaker 1: gradually emancipated itself from Egypt. In the times of the
Speaker 1: twenty second dynast, Ethiopia was no longer under Egyptian rule.
Speaker 1: Several historians have attempted to bring into connection the fall
Speaker 1: of the twenty first dynasty and the establishment of the
Speaker 1: Ethiopian Kingdom by assuming that the heirs of Pasebranu had
Speaker 1: fled before Sheshenk the first to that country early in
Speaker 1: the tenth century, before the Common Era, and had founded
Speaker 1: a theocratic government there. This hypothesis is in some measure
Speaker 1: confirmed by the name of the first Ethiopian invader of Egypt, Pianchi,
Speaker 1: a name that occurs also in the times of the
Speaker 1: priest kings. There is, not, however, sufficient proof to assert
Speaker 1: this as an established fact. Be that as it may.
Speaker 1: We find that about the time of the twenty second dynasty,
Speaker 1: Ethiopia had become an independent kingdom. The capital was Napata,
Speaker 1: at the foot of the Gebel Barkal, where Amenhotep the
Speaker 1: third had erected a temple to amun Rah. The centuries
Speaker 1: of dependents had firmly established Egyptian civilization. In Ethiopia. The
Speaker 1: religion was that of Amunrah, though it was carried out
Speaker 1: to consequences unknown. In Egypt, the priests had an almost
Speaker 1: absolute power in the name of Amon. The kings went
Speaker 1: out on their wars. They were entirely dependent on his
Speaker 1: prophecies and oracles as interpreted by the priests. They strictly
Speaker 1: observed the laws regarding cleanliness and all the minute details
Speaker 1: of the ritual. Thus they put into practice what had
Speaker 1: been mere theory. In Egypt, a long inscription relates how
Speaker 1: the king was chosen directly through an oracle of Amunrah,
Speaker 1: thus confirming the account given by Diodorus. The priests had
Speaker 1: moreover the right to command the king in the name
Speaker 1: of Ahmon to commit suicide, a pernicious practice that her
Speaker 1: Gamines in the third century v c. Put a stop to.
Speaker 1: It is then not to be wondered at that the
Speaker 1: Egyptian priests described Ethiopia to the Greek tourists as a
Speaker 1: promised land. The titulature of the kings was modeled after
Speaker 1: that of the Pharaohs. The official language of the realm
Speaker 1: the Egyptian, with some dialectic peculiarities, the script and the
Speaker 1: older inscriptions as hieroglyphic. Gradually the language changed more and more,
Speaker 1: becoming surcharged with Ethiopian elements, and at last it has
Speaker 1: changed to such an extent as to be completely unintelligible.
Speaker 1: The script also changed. With time. A cursive form known
Speaker 1: as the Meroitic demodic script arose, which no one has
Speaker 1: yet succeeded in deciphering. In this script, most of the
Speaker 1: Ethiopic inscriptions are written, and it is only after this
Speaker 1: has been deciphered that we can gain a clear picture
Speaker 1: of the history of the New Ethiopian Kingdom. Early in
Speaker 1: the eighth century BC, the new Kingdom was strong enough
Speaker 1: to attack Egypt. The disintegration of Egypt offered the then
Speaker 1: Ethiopian ruler Piangti a fine opportunity of subduing the country
Speaker 1: that had so long held his native land in subjugation.
Speaker 1: He invaded Egypt and seems to have found but little resistance.
Speaker 1: The inscription which treats of his Egyptian campaign enumerates the
Speaker 1: twenty sovereigns who at that time ruled Egypt. One Hussar
Speaker 1: Ken King of perbastt Bubastis in the Delta, two Alpet
Speaker 1: King of ten Remu Klisma in the Delta. Three Nemart
Speaker 1: King of Munu Hermopolis, Magna Ashmunain and Upper Egypt. Four
Speaker 1: Pef ded Bast, King of Renensuten Heracleopolis, Magna Ahnes in
Speaker 1: Upper Egypt. Five Tefnacht, Prince of sah Sees and men
Speaker 1: Nepher Memphis. Six Sheschenk, Chief of mercenaries in Perusiri Busiris
Speaker 1: in the Delta. Seven ched Amon alf Ankh, Chief of
Speaker 1: Mercenaries in perbanebded Mendes in the Delta. Eight angh Hor,
Speaker 1: chief of mercenaries in per upro heh Hermopolis. Nine Bekennef
Speaker 1: Hereditary Prince ten Nessnaketi, chief of mercenaries in the city
Speaker 1: of casset Coois in the Delta. Eleven Pedubast, Chief of
Speaker 1: mercenaries in hert heriab Athribis in the Delta, twelve Patentfh,
Speaker 1: chief of mercenaries in Persult, capital of the twentieth Lower
Speaker 1: Egyptian Nomes. Thirteen Pama, chief of mercenaries in pasasrek Busiris,
Speaker 1: fourteen necht Hoor Nachenu, chief of mercenaries in per herrere Fegroriopolis.
Speaker 1: Fifteen Padu Horsan Tawi, Priest of Horace in sechem Cetapolis,
Speaker 1: sixteen Herobusa, Prince of Saiut, Siut and Hesawi seventeen Chetria,
Speaker 1: Prince of the city of Frentz Nefher eighteen Babas, Prince
Speaker 1: of Errao, Babylon and Perhapi Nilopolis, nineteen a chief of mercenaries,
Speaker 1: and Tannis twenty a chief of mercenaries in Ostrassin. These
Speaker 1: kings and princes seemed to have offered but little or
Speaker 1: no resistance to the Ethiopian invader, and who have remained
Speaker 1: tranquil under his control for some time. But the spirit
Speaker 1: of liberty was not dead in the land of Pemet.
Speaker 1: In the twenty first year of Piangchi's reign, an attempt
Speaker 1: was made by Tefnacht, Prince of Sais and Memphis, who
Speaker 1: was by far the mightiest of these petty sovereigns, to
Speaker 1: deliver Egypt from the Ethiopian domination. He succeeded in uniting
Speaker 1: the many petty rulers of Lower and Middle Egypt under
Speaker 1: his leadership. Then he sailed up the Nile and everywhere
Speaker 1: the cities opened their gates to him. At Renensuten, he
Speaker 1: met with the first resistance. King Pefdedbast, seemed determined to
Speaker 1: maintain his separate sovereignty under Piankhi's protection. The city was
Speaker 1: besieged and taken, but Pefdedbast joined the alliance in only
Speaker 1: a half hearted manner. The allies now proceeded south and
Speaker 1: at Hmunu were joined by King Nemmart, who became one
Speaker 1: of the most useful members of the coalition. They then
Speaker 1: went against thebes matters were now becoming serious, and Pianghi,
Speaker 1: on hearing of what was going on, ordered poa Armah
Speaker 1: and Ramersegni, his lord lieutenants in Upper Egypt, to oppose
Speaker 1: the progress of the rebellion. They immediately took active measures
Speaker 1: and began the siege of Rmulu. To aid in their operations,
Speaker 1: the Ethiopian king had sent an army north. As they
Speaker 1: approached Thebes. On their fleet, they encountered Tefnacht's fleet. A
Speaker 1: battle ensued in which the Egyptians were defeated, leaving Ramersegni
Speaker 1: and po Armah to take Mulu. The Ethiopians pursued the
Speaker 1: leeing Egyptians northward. The Egyptians made a stand at Renensuten,
Speaker 1: which city was the key of the Fayoum. Here, two
Speaker 1: battles occurred on succeeding days. The first was fought on
Speaker 1: the Nile, possibly the Egyptians sought to prevent the enemy
Speaker 1: from landing. The second was fought on the river bank
Speaker 1: at Perpek, a town near Renensuten. In both these battles,
Speaker 1: the patriots were defeated with heavy loss. Meanwhile, Khmunu had
Speaker 1: fallen and Nemart, hearing of this determined to retake his capital.
Speaker 1: Marching rapidly south, he laid siege to the town, and,
Speaker 1: after defeating several sallies made by the Ethiopian garrison, recaptured it.
Speaker 1: Thus matters stood when Pianchi determined to come north and
Speaker 1: conduct the campaign in person. Before he started, however, his
Speaker 1: troops had gained some further advantages, taking several smaller fortresses,
Speaker 1: of which the most important was Tatahen. This strong fort
Speaker 1: was taken by storm after a most determined resistance. Among
Speaker 1: the slain was one of Tefnacht's sons. Finally, the king came.
Speaker 1: After celebrating a religious festival at Thebes, he marched against Ramunu.
Speaker 1: A regular siege was commenced, a high wall was built
Speaker 1: around the town, and a shower of arrows and stones
Speaker 1: was thrown into the city. Three days the town held out,
Speaker 1: but finally Nemart was compelled to surrender and pay tribute.
Speaker 1: Pefted bast of Renensuten came up the stream and paid
Speaker 1: homage to Pianghi, bringing him costly presents. His ready submission
Speaker 1: proved that he had joined Tefnacht much against his will,
Speaker 1: and inclined the king to be gracious Pianchi now sailed
Speaker 1: down stream to per Sergem reperat i Lahoun, a strong
Speaker 1: fortress in the northern part of the Fayoum, which was
Speaker 1: surrendered on the first summons. Just north of this lay
Speaker 1: the stronghold of meritumbe Maydoum, which seemed inclined to hold out.
Speaker 1: A peremptory summons, leaving the city the choice between immediate
Speaker 1: surrender and a massacre of its garrison in case of
Speaker 1: a storm, however, brought the commandant to terms. At the
Speaker 1: northern boundary of Upper Egypt, there was a strongly fortified
Speaker 1: city which was also surrendered on Piangchi's approach. This left
Speaker 1: the way open to Memphis. The city was very strongly fortified.
Speaker 1: Tefnacht had laid in it a garrison of eight thousand
Speaker 1: men and then gone north, probably to collect reinforcements. The
Speaker 1: Ethiopian monarch hesitated about storming the sacred city and summoned
Speaker 1: it to surrender, offering to enter the city peaceably, as
Speaker 1: his only desire in coming to Memphis was to pay
Speaker 1: his homage to the gods. But Memphis was the key
Speaker 1: of the delta, and the garrison was determined to hold
Speaker 1: out besides, Tefnacht's reinforcements could be expected daily. The king
Speaker 1: therefore ordered his soldiers to storm the town. They effected
Speaker 1: a landing in the harbor of Memphis, and scaling the walls,
Speaker 1: were soon masters of the city. Many of the garrison
Speaker 1: and of the citizens fell in the combat, and many
Speaker 1: others were carried off as prisoners of war. The city
Speaker 1: was plundered, but the temples were spared, a guard having
Speaker 1: been set over them. Pianghi remained in Memphis several days,
Speaker 1: partly to take part in several religious festivals, and partly
Speaker 1: to receive the tribute to several princes and grand dukes
Speaker 1: of the Ma that came here to offer their submission.
Speaker 1: He next advanced to ann Heliopolis, where he attended some
Speaker 1: other religious festivals and received the submission of a number
Speaker 1: of other princes, among them usar Ken, king of Eubastus.
Speaker 1: Then he went to hot hedy ab Arthrabis, where he
Speaker 1: received the submission of the last remaining rebellious princes except Tefnacht.
Speaker 1: This leader, deserted by all his allies, determined to make
Speaker 1: a last stand for freedom, raising the walls and burning
Speaker 1: down the treasury buildings of Sais. He retired to the
Speaker 1: island city of Mess in the Nile and strongly entrenched himself.
Speaker 1: Prince Peptubast of Arthrabis was sent against him with strong detachment.
Speaker 1: A battle ensued in which Tefnacht was defeated and his
Speaker 1: army annihilated. Tefnacht now sent messengers to Pianchi, offering to surrender.
Speaker 1: The king sent him two ambassadors, in whose presence he
Speaker 1: swore the oath of allegiance. Two cities that had hitherto
Speaker 1: held out now also surrendered. The rebellion was crushed. After
Speaker 1: holding a grand reception of the princes, Pianchi returned home,
Speaker 1: his ships laden down with the tribute and booty won
Speaker 1: in the war. Pianqui reigned in all forty years, but
Speaker 1: he had no further occasion to interfere in Egypt. This
Speaker 1: was owing to his wise policy. He left all of
Speaker 1: the old princes in possession of their lands, and thus
Speaker 1: bound them to his person, as they owed their sovereignty
Speaker 1: to his grace. Moreover, a disunited Egypt was no menace
Speaker 1: to him, and the bickerings among the various petty kings
Speaker 1: could at any time furnish him a pretext for invading
Speaker 1: the country. That he was determined to prevent the union
Speaker 1: of these princes was proved by the Great campaign against
Speaker 1: Tefnacht and his allies. He had no idea of holding
Speaker 1: the country, but retired after having effectively choked Tefnacht's attempt
Speaker 1: to unite the various petty states into a great kingdom.
Speaker 1: Section two. The twenty fourth dynasty Seyetic b c. Seven
Speaker 1: thirty four to seven twenty eight. Beckn Renf, the only
Speaker 1: king of this dynasty, seems to have succeeded in doing
Speaker 1: what Tefnacht had attempted over nineteen years before. According to Diodorus,
Speaker 1: who calls him Bochhoris, he was the son of t Nephathos,
Speaker 1: who is no doubt identical with Tefnacht. For about six
Speaker 1: years he ruled undisturbed by the Ethiopians. All we know
Speaker 1: of him from the monuments is that he buried an
Speaker 1: APIs at Memphis in the sixth year of his reign.
Speaker 1: In Ethiopia, Kashta had succeeded Pianghi. This monarch was married
Speaker 1: to Shepinopet, a daughter of King usar Khin of Eubastus.
Speaker 1: Their son Shabaka succeeded him and immediately determined to conquer Egypt.
Speaker 1: He could lay a certain claim to the Egyptian throne,
Speaker 1: as his mother was a daughter of the last Bubastide king.
Speaker 1: In invading the country, he defeated Becken Renf Manitho states
Speaker 1: that he burned him alive and compelled the various petty
Speaker 1: kings to acknowledge his sovereignty. Section three The twenty fifth
Speaker 1: Dynasty Ethiopians the Assyrian Invasions seven twenty eight to six
Speaker 1: forty five b C. Shabaka the Sabakon of the Greeks,
Speaker 1: Saw of the Bible, and shabe of the Assyrians seven
Speaker 1: twenty eight to seven twenty six b C. Herododus relates
Speaker 1: that Sabakon the Ethiopian had conquered Egypt and had left
Speaker 1: it after a race of fifty years in consequence of
Speaker 1: a dream. Diodorus comes nearer the truth when he states
Speaker 1: that four Ethiopian kings ruled Egypt for thirty six years.
Speaker 1: Shabaka took the title of king of Upper and Lower Egypt,
Speaker 1: but appointed his sister Amanerdas, who was married to a
Speaker 1: man named Piangi, regent of the country. The Greek authors
Speaker 1: praise this ruler highly. He is reputed to have abolished
Speaker 1: capital punishment, substituting hard labor for it. This pharaoh became
Speaker 1: mixed up in Asiatic affairs. King Hosea of Israel had
Speaker 1: joined other Syrian monarchs in a rebellion against Salmanasser, the
Speaker 1: fourth King of Assyria, and the allies had sent to
Speaker 1: Shabaka asking his assistance. The plot was discovered, Hosea was
Speaker 1: called to Assyria and thrown into prison. Salmanasser invested Samaria
Speaker 1: about seven twenty five b C, but died before the
Speaker 1: city fell. His successor, Shahrukinu Sargon the second, continued the
Speaker 1: siege and took the city in seven twenty two b C.
Speaker 1: Shortly after a new coalition was formed, at the head
Speaker 1: of which stood King Ilubid of Hamath. This coalition embraced
Speaker 1: besides Hamath, Arpad, Semaira, Damascus, Gaza, and Egypt. Sargon, however,
Speaker 1: was too quick for the Allies. Before Shabaka could join them,
Speaker 1: Sargon met and routed their forces at Kharkar. He now
Speaker 1: moved southward and met Shabaka, who had meanwhile been joined
Speaker 1: by King Hanno of Gaza at Rafia. The Allies were
Speaker 1: badly defeated and Hanno was taken prisoner seven twenty b C.
Speaker 1: Sargon could not follow up his victory and invade Egypt,
Speaker 1: as events had meanwhile occurred in the North, which called
Speaker 1: him to the new seat of war, but he had
Speaker 1: gained his purpose. Shabaka was badly crippled and even sent tribute.
Speaker 1: This pharaoh died died about seven sixteen b C. Shabataka
Speaker 1: seven point fifteen to seven O three b C, the
Speaker 1: successor of Shabaka, is a king of whom we do
Speaker 1: not know much. Despite the fact that he reigned twelve years,
Speaker 1: he seems to have done little in Asia. He did
Speaker 1: not interfere. Probably the defeat of Shabaka at Rafia had
Speaker 1: been so complete as either to cripple Egypt for years,
Speaker 1: or at least to discourage her rulers from attacking Assyria again.
Speaker 1: Taharka seven O two to six sixty two b C.
Speaker 1: This king was, in all probability not of royal parentage,
Speaker 1: but came to the throne by marrying Shabataka's widow. He
Speaker 1: was twenty years of age when he ascended the throne.
Speaker 1: Young and active, he was willing to restore to Egypt
Speaker 1: its former prestige. Meanwhile, Sargon had been assassinated and his
Speaker 1: son seen Ahi Edib Sanharib had ascended the Assyrian throne
Speaker 1: seven O five b C. Immediately, a new coalition was
Speaker 1: formed against Assyria. Elulius of Tire, Hezekiah of Judah, and
Speaker 1: Zidka of Ascalon formed a league and called upon Taharka
Speaker 1: for assistance. Marduk Baladin, the Chaldean ruler of Babylon, was
Speaker 1: also drawn into the league and conducted negotiations with Hezekiah.
Speaker 1: King Padi of Akaron, who had refused to join the rebels,
Speaker 1: was deposed and turned over to Hezekiah. This mighty coalition,
Speaker 1: if properly handled, would have been a match for the Assyrians,
Speaker 1: but Sanheib was too quick for them. In seven O
Speaker 1: one b C. He entered Syria and subdued Alilius. Then,
Speaker 1: going south, he took Ascalon and Akoron. At Altacou, he
Speaker 1: met and defeated Taharka, who had attempted to check him.
Speaker 1: After taking Altaku and some other towns, Sanharib marched on Jerusalem.
Speaker 1: Hezekiah submitted, and Badhi was restored to his kingdom. The
Speaker 1: rebellion was not however, crushed. As yet, Hezekiah continued his
Speaker 1: negotiations with Taharka, who had returned to Egypt to collect
Speaker 1: a new army. Sanhib, hearing of this, accused the Jewish
Speaker 1: king of treason and threatened him with destruction. Relying on
Speaker 1: Jehovah and the King of Egypt, Hezekiah boldly held out
Speaker 1: Jerusalem was besieged. Meanwhile, Taharka was coming to the aid
Speaker 1: of his ally with a new army. Sanhib advanced to
Speaker 1: meet him, but his army was so reduced by pestilence
Speaker 1: that he had to retire without giving battle. The story
Speaker 1: of the Bible is well known. The Angel of the
Speaker 1: Lord smote the Assyrian army in the night, and one
Speaker 1: hundred and eighty five thousand men died, whereupon Sanharib had
Speaker 1: to retire. Herodotus has a somewhat different version of the affair.
Speaker 1: He relates that after the Ethiopian Sabakon, a pious priest
Speaker 1: of tah named Cephos ruled in Egypt. He denied his
Speaker 1: soldiers certain privileges and thus gained their enmity. When Sanacharib,
Speaker 1: king of the Arabians and Assyrians, marched against Egypt, they
Speaker 1: refused to fight, and Sethos was placed in a sad predicament.
Speaker 1: He prayed to the gods for aid, and they sent
Speaker 1: out mice that ate up the bows and belts of
Speaker 1: the Assyrian army encamped about Pelusium during the night, so
Speaker 1: that the Egyptian merchants and mechanics could easily defeat them
Speaker 1: next day. The first Assyrian invasion. Sanharib never returned to Palestine.
Speaker 1: He was assassinated in sixt eighty one b S and
Speaker 1: his son Assar Haddon Ashur Ahiden ascended the throne. Trouble
Speaker 1: between him and Taharka began in six seventy two b
Speaker 1: C when King Baal of Tire, relying on promises of
Speaker 1: assistance from Taharka, rebelled against Assyria. Assar Haddan, now determined
Speaker 1: to put an end to Egyptian interference, a detachment of
Speaker 1: his army besieged Tire, while the main body marched against Egypt.
Speaker 1: The prince of the Bedouins, dwelling on the Egyptian border,
Speaker 1: gladly furnished camels and water, and thus the difficult march
Speaker 1: from Raffia to Pelusium was accomplished without serious loss. Taharka
Speaker 1: seems to have offered but little resistance, for the Assyrian
Speaker 1: army entered Memphis, and soon after Thebes also was taken
Speaker 1: and sacked. Taharka fled to Ethiopia. After these victories, Asserhaddan
Speaker 1: styled himself King of Mussur Lower Egypt, Patrus Upper Egypt,
Speaker 1: and Kush Ethiopia. The land itself was left under the
Speaker 1: control of twenty independent petty sovereigns as follows. One Niku
Speaker 1: Nekao of Mimbi, Memphis and Sai Sayus. Two Sharru Ladari
Speaker 1: of Tirnu, three Pisanhu of Nathu Natho, four Pacruru of
Speaker 1: Bishoptu persopt the capital of the Normos Arabia, the twentieth
Speaker 1: Lower Egyptian Nome. Five puc Nannipi Bekenneph of Hathhiribe hatheriab Athrabis,
Speaker 1: six Nahki Aghenenchi Renensuten, seven Pitubisti Pedubast of Zaunu Thanas
Speaker 1: eight Unamunu of Natu, nine Horsiaishu of Tamuti, chebnuter Sebenethos,
Speaker 1: ten Puama Pimai of Bindidi Perbanebdad equals Mendes eleven, Sudzinku
Speaker 1: Sheshenk of Pusiri Perusiri Busyris, twelve, tap Nochti Tefnacht of
Speaker 1: Punubu pernub thirteen, Pukunanni Epi of Ahni fourteen, Iptihardishu of
Speaker 1: Pisati Hurunpi fifteen, Nohti Huruantini necht hor Nachenu of pishab
Speaker 1: Di Nuti sixteen, Bukur Ninip of Pahnuti seventeen Ziha of
Speaker 1: Ziaotu Siout eighteen, Lamentu of Himuni Munu, nineteen Ishbimatu of
Speaker 1: Tahani Tenni Fi twenty mante Piangi Mentuemhat of Niri Thebes.
Speaker 1: It is impossible for us to identify those of the
Speaker 1: Assyrian names of Egyptian princes and cities, the Egyptian names
Speaker 1: of which we have not given. The mightiest of these
Speaker 1: princes was Necao Assyrian Nikou Greek Neko, prince of Memphis,
Speaker 1: and says, according to Manitho six seventy one the six
Speaker 1: sixty three BC, he was the favorite of Asser Hadden.
Speaker 1: At this monarch's request, Necao changed the name of Seyis
Speaker 1: to Karbel Matati garden of the Lord of Lands, and
Speaker 1: gave his son Pemtek the Assyrian name Nabu shzib Anni.
Speaker 1: Shortly after the conquest of Egypt, Asser Hadden resigned the
Speaker 1: crown in favor of his son Asser Banipal about six
Speaker 1: sixty eight b C. The second Assyrian invasion. This change
Speaker 1: in the rulers of Assyria encouraged to Harkla to attempt
Speaker 1: the delivery of Egypt from Assyrian rule. He advanced on
Speaker 1: thieves Assyrian nil and meant to emhat. Assyrian Mantipianchi received
Speaker 1: him with open arms, hailing him as a deliverer. Memphis
Speaker 1: was taken soon after, and the Ethiopian proceeded to make
Speaker 1: himself at home in Egypt. When aser Banipal heard of this,
Speaker 1: he at once determined to punish the Ethiopians. He advanced
Speaker 1: to Karbana, a town north of Memphis, where he met
Speaker 1: and utterly routed to Harta's forces. The king himself, who
Speaker 1: had remained at Memphis, on hearing of this defeat, at
Speaker 1: once fled to Thebes, which city he abandoned on the
Speaker 1: approach of the Assyrian army without a battle about six
Speaker 1: sixty seven b C. Meanwhile, the Egyptian princes, under the
Speaker 1: leadership of Necao of Seis, Charladari of Tannis, and Pakruru
Speaker 1: of Persopt had opened negotiations with Taharka, inviting him to
Speaker 1: renew his attack and promising their support. Their letters were, however,
Speaker 1: intercepted and the conspirators were arrested. Proof against them was
Speaker 1: not wanting, but the Assyrian king evidently thought it wise
Speaker 1: policy not to punish them. They were left in possession
Speaker 1: of their holdings, but had to bare allegiance to Asserbanepal. Necao,
Speaker 1: the favorite of his father, was sent home loaded down
Speaker 1: with presents, and his son Nabu Chesibanni, was appointed governor
Speaker 1: general of Egypt. Aser Banipal hoped to gain a powerful
Speaker 1: ally in this manner, and he was not disappointed. In
Speaker 1: the Greek accounts, to Harklaw figures as a great hero
Speaker 1: and conqueror. Strabo relates that he reached the columns of Hercules,
Speaker 1: the westernmost point of northern Africa, on one of his campaigns,
Speaker 1: and according to Magosthenes, he led his army to India
Speaker 1: and thence to the Pontus and Thrace. In his inscriptions,
Speaker 1: he poses as a mighty conqueror. Fourteen Negro tribes are
Speaker 1: mentioned as subdued in Ethiopia. The list of conquered nations
Speaker 1: he had inscribed on the walls of the Temple of
Speaker 1: Karnak is copied word for word from that of Rameses
Speaker 1: the second and even mentions among other states. Asser. While
Speaker 1: we know he was several times whipped by the Assyrians,
Speaker 1: at Gabelbarkal, he built two temples, and at Karnak he
Speaker 1: repaired portions of the Great Temple of Amon Rah and
Speaker 1: of the Temple of mut. He died about six sixty
Speaker 1: four b s. Tanawat Amon and the third Assyrian invasion.
Speaker 1: The step son of Taharka ascended the Ethiopian throne about
Speaker 1: six sixty four b C. An inscription found at the
Speaker 1: Gabelbarkal relates that this king had been encouraged by a
Speaker 1: dream that promised him the crown of Egypt to invade
Speaker 1: that country. Elephantine and Thebes hailed him as a deliverer.
Speaker 1: Memphis resisted but was taken after a battle. It is
Speaker 1: very probable that Necau, prince of Memphis, and Saeus, who
Speaker 1: died about this time six sixty four b SI, fell
Speaker 1: in one of the battles with tanawat Amon. When he
Speaker 1: was at Memphis, a deputation of Egyptian princes headed by
Speaker 1: Pakruru of Persopt offered their submission. The others withdrew to
Speaker 1: their fortresses and refused to yield. Tanuwat Amon evidently did
Speaker 1: not feel strong enough to attack them and preferred to
Speaker 1: return to Memphis, where he had long theological arguments with
Speaker 1: those princes who submitted. When aser Banipal heard of this
Speaker 1: new Ethiopian invasion by ur Damani, as the Assyrian inscriptions
Speaker 1: called tanawat Amon, he sent an army against him. The
Speaker 1: Ethiopians immediately withdrew before the approach of the Assyrians and
Speaker 1: fled to Ethiopia. Thus, about six sixty two b C.
Speaker 1: Was driven from Egypt, the last Ethiopian king who dared
Speaker 1: invade the country. End of chapter eight recording by Owen
Speaker 1: Cook in Potawatamie ceded land