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<v Speaker 1>Get value you can't argue with at Tesco with their

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<v Speaker 1>Every little helps available at most stories. Prices vary in express.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, it's room temperature cheese, which you always forget is

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<v Speaker 2>better than called cheese. Ali ward back with another episode

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<v Speaker 2>of Ologies. You know every week I worry will I

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<v Speaker 2>make a good enough episode for you? Am I gonna

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<v Speaker 2>bungle it? This one is a disaster, and I'm happy

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<v Speaker 2>to report it's a disaster in the best way. I'm

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<v Speaker 2>gonna get a few formalities out of the way up top.

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<v Speaker 2>I want to thank the patrons at Paton dot com

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<v Speaker 2>for making the show possible. For as little as a

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<v Speaker 2>buck a month, you can donate. Thank you to everyone

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<v Speaker 2>wearing Ologies Merch from ologiesmerch dot com. Thanks to everyone

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<v Speaker 2>who tells a friend or a lover oh about the

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<v Speaker 2>show and who rates it and subscribes to keep it

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<v Speaker 2>up in the charts, and most importantly perhaps reviews, because

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<v Speaker 2>you know, on days when I'm eating peanut butter and

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<v Speaker 2>hotel room for dinner, I read them and I smile

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<v Speaker 2>like a creep with a warm heart, such as, for example,

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<v Speaker 2>this one by tumbler Mobile, who says not to be dramatic,

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<v Speaker 2>but listening to ologies has been helping me slowly climb

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<v Speaker 2>out of the depressive funk I've been in for the

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<v Speaker 2>past six months. Thank you, dad Ward for being curious

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<v Speaker 2>and insightful and socio Kathy, Hello to your inner curious

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<v Speaker 2>science Kid from my Inner Curious Science Kid and the

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<v Speaker 2>rest of the ologite. So thank you for your reviews everyone.

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<v Speaker 2>I read them all. I read all of them. Proof.

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<v Speaker 2>There you go. Okay, disasterrology, let's get into it. This

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<v Speaker 2>one has got to be made up right, No, shut

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<v Speaker 2>your mouth, how Dario, It's in fact a very real

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<v Speaker 2>and as it turns out, it's a pretty vital one.

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<v Speaker 2>So this field of study was pioneered by doctor Samuel

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<v Speaker 2>Henry Prince pretty much after the nineteen seventeen disaster in Halifax,

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<v Speaker 2>Nova Scotia. Who I just read about this, in which

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<v Speaker 2>a French vessel full of gunpowder caught fire, exploded in

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<v Speaker 2>a harbor. It leveled buildings for half a mile, sent

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<v Speaker 2>a shock wave that instantly killed sixteen hundred people and

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<v Speaker 2>injured nearly one thousand more. Three hundred folks later died

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<v Speaker 2>from their injuries. This was a catastrophe, so huge, so tragic.

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<v Speaker 2>It wiped out twenty two percent of residents, including a

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<v Speaker 2>neighboring Nigma community which perished in the resulting tsunami caused

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<v Speaker 2>by this blast. This was huge, So doctor sam Henry Prince,

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<v Speaker 2>a sociologist, began studying why disasters happened, how to mitigate them,

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<v Speaker 2>how to respond and recover. So one hundred years later

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<v Speaker 2>and there are now whole research arms dedicated to these fields.

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<v Speaker 2>And when I first heard that desiger astrology was a thing,

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<v Speaker 2>I want to sit down and I want to talk

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<v Speaker 2>to someone who, as their life's work, focuses on making

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<v Speaker 2>death and chaos into prevention and recovery. So I googled

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<v Speaker 2>disasterrology and the first one million results were about a

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<v Speaker 2>san Diego pop punk band called Pierce the Veil and

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<v Speaker 2>their song Disasterrology, which seems to be from what I

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<v Speaker 2>can surmise about getting wasted and having girls crawl out

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<v Speaker 2>from under your bed. However, there is a very sweet,

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<v Speaker 2>screechy refrain that goes, if it's the end of the world,

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<v Speaker 2>you and me should spend the rest of it in love.

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<v Speaker 2>And you know it's not wholly inaccurate. I thought this

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<v Speaker 2>episode would focus on you're splitting havoc discomforts like a

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<v Speaker 2>Pierce the Veil song, but really it left me with

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<v Speaker 2>a faith in humanity and love and neurobiology. So this

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<v Speaker 2>ologist you're about to meet has a BS in psychology

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<v Speaker 2>and an MS and a PhD in emergency management from

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<v Speaker 2>North Dakota State University. She is an assistant professor of

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<v Speaker 2>Emergency Management and Disaster Science at University of Nebraska, Omaha, y'all.

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<v Speaker 2>Her website is Disasterrology disaster dash ology dot com. She

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<v Speaker 2>has the domain name I had to meet her so

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<v Speaker 2>on a rainy April afternoon, I traveled thousands of miles

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<v Speaker 2>from home to meet her on campus at North Dakota

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<v Speaker 2>State University, and we pulled up a few chairs and

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<v Speaker 2>dug into what is a disaster? What is a catastrophe?

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<v Speaker 2>What risks do responders take? What are some of the

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<v Speaker 2>worst historical disasters? What can we do to protect ourselves?

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<v Speaker 2>Do doomsday preppers know what's up? Which disaster movies suck

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<v Speaker 2>the most? Should we be afraid of the big one?

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<v Speaker 2>Should you donate money or get your ass down to

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<v Speaker 2>a hazard zone? How much looting happens when the shit

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<v Speaker 2>hits the fan? And why keeping calm is one of

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<v Speaker 2>the safest things you can do. So bat down the hashes,

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<v Speaker 2>get cozy in the cellar for emergency management professor and

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<v Speaker 2>professional disasterlogist, doctor Samantha Montano. Of all of all the episodes,

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<v Speaker 2>I feel like this is gonna be the hardest one

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<v Speaker 2>to pay because you're like, oh, yeah, there's there's some charity.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>When I found out you were in North Dakota, I

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<v Speaker 2>was like, oh, I'm coming for you. And now, how

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<v Speaker 2>long have you been a disasterrologist.

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<v Speaker 4>Well, it depends on how you define disasterrologists. I've had

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<v Speaker 4>my doctoral degree in emergency management for two years now,

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<v Speaker 4>and then before that, I was in grad school for

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<v Speaker 4>five years and I did four years of disaster related

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<v Speaker 4>work before that what.

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<v Speaker 2>Is disaster related work entails.

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<v Speaker 4>So I got my start in disasters right after Hurricane

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<v Speaker 4>Katrina and the levee failure in New Orleans. I was

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<v Speaker 4>in high school at the time, so.

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<v Speaker 2>Side note, this was in August of two thousand and five,

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<v Speaker 2>and Hurricane Katrina was a Category five storm that hit

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<v Speaker 2>Florida and Louisiana. So New Orleans, which sits below sea level,

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<v Speaker 2>was protected by miles of levees and floodwalls in which

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<v Speaker 2>over fifty breaches and major leaks occurred, leaving eighty percent

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<v Speaker 2>of the city flooded after the hurricane, so over eighteen

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<v Speaker 2>hundred lives were lost. Sam who's originally from Portland, Maine,

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<v Speaker 2>went to New Orleans in the.

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<v Speaker 4>Aftermath, and there was like a group from my high

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<v Speaker 4>school going down to New Orleans to help gut homes

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<v Speaker 4>and rebuild, and so I went on that trip to

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<v Speaker 4>volunteer for a week, and I kind of just got

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<v Speaker 4>what we call the disaster bug, And so I ended

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<v Speaker 4>up moving to New Orleans when I graduated, and I

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<v Speaker 4>lived there for four years doing all different kinds of

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<v Speaker 4>recovery work with different nonprofits in the city. And then

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<v Speaker 4>it kind of just spiraled from there. While I was there,

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<v Speaker 4>the BP oil disaster happened along the coast, and so

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<v Speaker 4>I did some work with that in different organizations.

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<v Speaker 3>Then I took a group of volunteers to.

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<v Speaker 4>Drop in Missouri after their tornado, and I just kind

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<v Speaker 4>of kept going until I went to grad school.

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<v Speaker 2>And when you say that you got the disaster bug,

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<v Speaker 2>as they say, you're not the only person who calls

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<v Speaker 2>it the disaster bug.

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<v Speaker 4>No, I don't know who started that, but it's definitely

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<v Speaker 4>a saying, particularly among like practitioners and people who do

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<v Speaker 4>a lot of volunteering during and after disasters.

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<v Speaker 2>What is the disaster bug?

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<v Speaker 3>It's just kind of this.

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<v Speaker 4>I don't know, it's like this like draw You're like

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<v Speaker 4>being drawn towards disasters when they happen. I think you

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<v Speaker 4>just notice them more frequently you especially when you are

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<v Speaker 4>going to a disaster during the actual response and into

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<v Speaker 4>like the very early days of recovery.

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<v Speaker 3>It's like this very.

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<v Speaker 4>Kind of unique feeling within a community that's going through that.

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<v Speaker 4>And so getting the disaster bug is kind of like

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<v Speaker 4>like it, not liking that feeling, but kind of being

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<v Speaker 4>drawn towards that.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, side, don't I couldn't find the exact origin or

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<v Speaker 2>first usage of this phrase, but it's definitely in parlance

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<v Speaker 2>in the disaster community. So in one twenty seventeen disastrology

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<v Speaker 2>workshop titled Preparing for the Future of Disaster Health Volunteerism,

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<v Speaker 2>Sean Casey, who's an acting director of an emergency response unit,

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<v Speaker 2>said that many volunteers quote get the bug to complete

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<v Speaker 2>more disaster response deployments. This did not satisfy me, though, So,

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<v Speaker 2>like a woodland creature, I decided to burrow into Google,

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<v Speaker 2>screaming why but why the bug? Into an ever deeper trench,

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<v Speaker 2>and I found the research of UCLA social psychologist doctor

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<v Speaker 2>Shelley E. Taylor, who for decades has studied the role

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<v Speaker 2>of the hormone oxytocin in stress response. And she theorizes

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<v Speaker 2>that oxytocin leads us to quote, tend, and befriend in

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<v Speaker 2>times of chaos or disaster. So the disaster book, it

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<v Speaker 2>is a thing and it may also be chemical. Is

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<v Speaker 2>there something about the unity that happens after a big

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<v Speaker 2>event like that?

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, So Rebecca Solnet has written an entire book about this. Actually,

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<v Speaker 4>it's called a Paradise Built in Hell, And that's Basically

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<v Speaker 4>the title of that book is what is kind of

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<v Speaker 4>describing that feeling that a community goes through. It's like

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<v Speaker 4>this paradise because there is this sense of unity and

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<v Speaker 4>despite what Hollywood movies tell us about disasters, people are

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<v Speaker 4>actually really pro social and come together when disasters happen,

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<v Speaker 4>and so there's like the sense of unity within the

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<v Speaker 4>community that kind of feels like a bit of a paradise.

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<v Speaker 4>But then, of course there's this disaster happening around you,

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<v Speaker 4>and so that is the hell that this paradise is

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<v Speaker 4>happening within.

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<v Speaker 2>Were you ever druk by that mister Rogers.

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<v Speaker 3>Quote, Yeah, the one about the helpers.

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah, always look for the helpers were there will always

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<v Speaker 5>be helpers, you know, even just on the sidelines. That's

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<v Speaker 5>why I think that if news programs could make a

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<v Speaker 5>conscious effort of showing rescue teams, of showing who medical people,

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<v Speaker 5>anybody who is coming into a place where there's a tragedy,

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<v Speaker 5>to be to be sure that they include that, because

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<v Speaker 5>if you look for the helpers, you'll know that there's hope.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, it's really interesting.

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<v Speaker 4>I think about that quote a lot whenever a disaster

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<v Speaker 4>happens and it's shared around. I mean, that's where that

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<v Speaker 4>quote comes from, is that no matter how bad a

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<v Speaker 4>situation is, there's always people there that are helping in

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<v Speaker 4>various ways.

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<v Speaker 2>And so that's kind of what your work entails, is

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<v Speaker 2>helping and figuring out how to mobilize people to help more.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, exactly.

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<v Speaker 4>So within the world of disasters, the part that I

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<v Speaker 4>study is emergency management, So it's how we actually manage

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<v Speaker 4>the disasters, Like how do we make sure that the

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<v Speaker 4>right people are in the right places at the right time.

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<v Speaker 4>How do we do things to prevent disasters from happening

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<v Speaker 4>in the first place.

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<v Speaker 3>What do we need to do ahead.

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<v Speaker 4>Of time to make sure response and recovery to disasters

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<v Speaker 4>goes well. How do we get communities recovered as quickly

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<v Speaker 4>as possible?

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<v Speaker 2>How do you define disaster and how do you define

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<v Speaker 2>your role as a disasterrologist. I know you weren't the

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<v Speaker 2>first person to necessarily utter the phrase, but maybe the

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<v Speaker 2>first to take ownership of it since like the eighteen

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<v Speaker 2>fifties or something.

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<v Speaker 4>So there is is shocking, but there technically is not

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<v Speaker 4>a consensus on a definition of disaster.

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<v Speaker 3>But why not?

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<v Speaker 4>There's like some different ones out there that people are

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<v Speaker 4>kind of drawn to when I explain it, I think

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<v Speaker 4>the easiest way to think about it is that it

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<v Speaker 4>is when a hazard, meaning something that poses a threat

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<v Speaker 4>to us, interacts with us, our communities, the things we

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<v Speaker 4>care about to the point that we are overwhelmed, and

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<v Speaker 4>so at that point that hazard has become a hazard event,

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<v Speaker 4>and then hazard events kind of follow along. This spectrum,

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<v Speaker 4>is one way to think about it. So you have

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<v Speaker 4>emergencies on the low end, disasters in the middle, and

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<v Speaker 4>catastrophes on the high end.

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<v Speaker 2>So it kind of fades up like an ombre of horrors.

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<v Speaker 4>And so in emergency management we study all three.

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<v Speaker 3>But yeah, they kind of follow along this spectrum.

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<v Speaker 2>So a catastrophe is worse than a disaster. Yes, So

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<v Speaker 2>it's funny because we think of those words only in

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<v Speaker 2>hyperbole of like I got a lot, it was a catastrophe.

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<v Speaker 2>How do you feel about the show Catastrophe? Are you like,

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<v Speaker 2>calm down quick aside? I love the show Catastrophe. It

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<v Speaker 2>is wonderful.

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<v Speaker 3>No, it's fine.

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<v Speaker 4>Words have different meanings in different contexts, so okay, it's fine.

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<v Speaker 2>As long as you know they're hyperbolic. Right, I have

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<v Speaker 2>called my hair a disaster. So many times in my apartment,

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<v Speaker 2>a disaster so many times, and it's a little different.

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<v Speaker 2>And so when it comes to your role from a

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<v Speaker 2>professional sense, how do you get a degree in it?

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<v Speaker 2>How is that even structured? How are you teaching? It's

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<v Speaker 2>the what's the academic aspect of it?

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<v Speaker 3>Like?

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<v Speaker 4>Sure, So I did not know anything about emergency management.

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<v Speaker 4>I did not know it was something you could get

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<v Speaker 4>a degree in at all.

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<v Speaker 2>Samantha did her undergrad at Loyola University in New Orleans,

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<v Speaker 2>and one of her professors had gone to the University

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<v Speaker 2>of Delaware, which is home to the Disaster Research Center.

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<v Speaker 2>This is a real place, the Disaster Research Center.

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<v Speaker 4>And so when I demonstrated this interest in disasters, she

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<v Speaker 4>recommended that I look into grad school as an option,

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<v Speaker 4>and so I started looking into emergency management programs for

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<v Speaker 4>my master's degree, and there are at.

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<v Speaker 3>That time, there was, you know, a.

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<v Speaker 4>Bunch around the country of kind of varying quality, and

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<v Speaker 4>so I kind of just picked what I thought were

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<v Speaker 4>the top three and applied to them, and then I

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<v Speaker 4>went with the one that gave me the most money,

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<v Speaker 4>which was NBSU, And that is how I ended up

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<v Speaker 4>in Fargo, North Dakota, a.

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<v Speaker 2>Lot of disasters come through here.

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<v Speaker 4>Tornadoes, yeah, we do have a tornado risk, but mostly

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<v Speaker 4>it's the flooding from the Red River.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh my gosh. So when it comes to disasters, what

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<v Speaker 2>are some of the most common ones that start as

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<v Speaker 2>hazards and end up disasters?

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<v Speaker 4>So flooding is the most common one really around the world.

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<v Speaker 2>Yep, really, I didn't realize that so quick. Aside, how

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<v Speaker 2>many floods happen a year? What are we talking? So

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<v Speaker 2>I live in a place where you have to remember

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<v Speaker 2>to water a cactus. So I looked it up and

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<v Speaker 2>a weather dot com article from twenty eighteen was titled

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<v Speaker 2>not at all rosalie a concerning trend flooding deaths have

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<v Speaker 2>increased in the US the last few years, and it

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<v Speaker 2>said the average number of flood deaths used to be

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<v Speaker 2>eighty six This is for the last several decades, and

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<v Speaker 2>then it jumped to ninety five flooding deaths a year

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<v Speaker 2>in the last ten years, and then over one hundred

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<v Speaker 2>deaths a year in the past few years. So like floodwaters,

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<v Speaker 2>it's on the rise now. In India right now, just

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<v Speaker 2>this very monsoon season, one point two million people have

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<v Speaker 2>been displaced and evacuated with over two hundred casualties. So anyway,

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<v Speaker 2>floods not a good scene and what can be done

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<v Speaker 2>about that?

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<v Speaker 3>So there are a lot of things.

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<v Speaker 4>So this is one of the key things we do

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<v Speaker 4>in emergency management is look at what is what are

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<v Speaker 4>the factors that are actually leading to this disaster happening,

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<v Speaker 4>Because once you identify those factors, then you can start

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<v Speaker 4>to try to do something about those factors. So in

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<v Speaker 4>terms of flooding, there is a ton that we can do.

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<v Speaker 4>Some of those things are related to kind of addressing

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<v Speaker 4>the hazard itself. So mitigating climate change itself is going

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<v Speaker 4>to pull back on some of that hazard risk in

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<v Speaker 4>terms of flooding in various ways. So that is like

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<v Speaker 4>one way you can drive at the cause of disaster.

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<v Speaker 2>It's like fix climate change, easy peasy. But on an

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<v Speaker 2>individual level, if you live somewhere that's say prone to flooding,

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<v Speaker 2>you can raise your house, Samantha says, you can put

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<v Speaker 2>up a floodwall or otherwise modify your own property. You

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<v Speaker 2>can also go to Craigslist buy a helicopter and park

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<v Speaker 2>it on your roof. Ps I just looked up how

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<v Speaker 2>much does the helicopter cost and it's about half a

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<v Speaker 2>million dollars. But if you don't mind a single seater

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<v Speaker 2>without doors that looks like it's made out of plastic,

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<v Speaker 2>you can find them on aerow Trader for less than

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<v Speaker 2>a used audiwould cost. You probably need to take a

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<v Speaker 2>how to fly a chopper glass first, so it's probably

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<v Speaker 2>like harder than a stick shift, but I'm not a doctor.

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<v Speaker 3>And then also, we can do things at a community level.

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<v Speaker 4>So obviously communities build levies, build other kind of like

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<v Speaker 4>bigger infrastructure projects. There's kind of a push now back

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<v Speaker 4>more towards more natural types of mitigate, like you know,

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<v Speaker 4>revitalizing wetlands and whatnot. You can do home buyouts. That's

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<v Speaker 4>something we've done in Fargo along the river where you

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<v Speaker 4>buy out people's homes and then turn that back into

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<v Speaker 4>green space or a park or something so that when

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<v Speaker 4>it does flood, it's not too big of a deal,

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<v Speaker 4>it doesn't cause too much damage.

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<v Speaker 3>So, yeah, lots of different things you can do.

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<v Speaker 2>And what was your experience like in the aftermath of Katrina.

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<v Speaker 2>I know that is a huge question. How would you

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<v Speaker 2>quantify that? Because if it was a hurricane caused a flood, Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>how do.

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<v Speaker 4>You Yeah, So when you go to New Orleans and

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<v Speaker 4>you mentioned Katrina, you'll hear New Orleanians say something along

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<v Speaker 4>the lines of Hurricane Katrina and the levee failure. And

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<v Speaker 4>what they are getting at there is that, yes, there

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<v Speaker 4>was a hurricane that was the initial trigger of everything

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<v Speaker 4>that happened, but it was that hurricane interacting with a

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<v Speaker 4>levee system that hadn't been maintained that and not maintained

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<v Speaker 4>and not built correctly that led to the actual flood

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<v Speaker 4>of the city. So this also gets at this other

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<v Speaker 4>kind of common myth in the disaster world. We have

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<v Speaker 4>this term natural disaster that we use all the time,

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<v Speaker 4>but really disasters aren't natural. They're caused by decisions that

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<v Speaker 4>we make and how we build and where we live,

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<v Speaker 4>the policies that we have that are driving these things.

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<v Speaker 3>And so we can.

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<v Speaker 4>Have natural hazards, right, the hurricane itself maybe natural. The

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<v Speaker 4>tornado itself is natural, but that point where it interacts

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<v Speaker 4>with us, then it becomes you know, we're involved in

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<v Speaker 4>that now. And so it's kind of if you look

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<v Speaker 4>back at the way we've thought about disasters in the past,

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<v Speaker 4>like way back we think about them as acts of God.

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<v Speaker 4>Then we switch more to this idea of natural disaster,

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<v Speaker 4>still removing human responsibility from those disasters that have happened.

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<v Speaker 4>And so now there's this push among disaster researchers and

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<v Speaker 4>others to kind of like pull back on that and

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<v Speaker 4>acknowledge our our role in causing those disasters.

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<v Speaker 2>In that it wasn't planned for properly, which then I

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<v Speaker 2>guess would switch the hand to having more control in

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<v Speaker 2>the future.

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<v Speaker 3>Of how bad they are, Yeah, exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>How bad the impact is? Right? Did you ever were

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<v Speaker 2>you ever raised with Sunday school like Noah's ark in

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<v Speaker 2>the notion of floods? Like, was that something that stuck

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<v Speaker 2>with you?

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<v Speaker 5>No?

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<v Speaker 3>I wasn't. We weren't religious growing up.

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<v Speaker 4>But people often joke that Noah was the first emergency manager.

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<v Speaker 2>So a huge vessel on the high seas wherein you

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<v Speaker 2>are expected to bone a lot. So Noah, he was

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<v Speaker 2>also the world's first cruise ship captain. When it comes

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<v Speaker 2>to your work, how much of it is distribute water

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<v Speaker 2>and getting places for people to stay, and how much

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<v Speaker 2>of it is on the front end where you're trying

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<v Speaker 2>to enact policy change and make sure that people are

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<v Speaker 2>better prepared.

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<v Speaker 4>So in the US, the way that generally we deal

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<v Speaker 4>with disasters is that we're really reactive, So we wait

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<v Speaker 4>until a disaster happens and then we're reacting to it.

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<v Speaker 4>That's not good. We need to be proactive. We need

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<v Speaker 4>to be doing things ahead of time.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, get ready for a list of four things. This

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<v Speaker 2>is the base of disasterrology, the order through the chaos.

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<v Speaker 4>So this might help we split disasters up into four phases.

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<v Speaker 4>So you have mitigation, where you're doing things to prevent

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<v Speaker 4>disasters from happening. You have preparedness where you're doing things

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<v Speaker 4>to get ready to deal with the response and recovery.

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<v Speaker 4>Then you have a response, which is that like seventy

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<v Speaker 4>two hours where you're doing life saving tasks. That's probably

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<v Speaker 4>like what you think of when you hear about disasters.

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<v Speaker 4>And then there's the recovery process, which depending on the situation,

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<v Speaker 4>can go on for months, years, decades.

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<v Speaker 2>So mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.

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<v Speaker 4>So in emergency management we deal in all four phases.

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<v Speaker 4>And obviously that is a lot, so it kind of

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<v Speaker 4>depends on what community you're working in and like what

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<v Speaker 4>the situation is. But emergency managers are doing a lot

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<v Speaker 4>of their work in preparedness, They're writing plans, they are

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<v Speaker 4>doing initiatives to help individuals in the community prepare for disaster. Right,

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<v Speaker 4>they're doing all of those, like getting themselves ready for

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<v Speaker 4>response and recovery, the actual distribution of water and getting

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<v Speaker 4>people into shelters. All of that happens in this very

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<v Speaker 4>small window of time again, like seventy two hours, sometimes

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<v Speaker 4>a week, sometimes a little bit longer, and then you

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<v Speaker 4>move on into recovery.

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<v Speaker 2>Were you always very helpful as a kid? Were you

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<v Speaker 2>always how many siblings do you have?

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<v Speaker 4>I'm the oldest of for okay, all right, and I'm

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<v Speaker 4>much older than them, So yeah, were.

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<v Speaker 2>You always putting out figurative fires?

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<v Speaker 3>And yeah, you could say that.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. So Has it always kind of been your nature

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<v Speaker 2>to help out when you can?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, okay. Side note, is this an isolated incident or

404
00:23:33.519 --> 00:23:37.279
<v Speaker 2>do firstborns get more shit done? And just like helping people?

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<v Speaker 2>I read up on one study done of men in

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<v Speaker 2>the Swedish military and researcher doctor Sandra E. Black was

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<v Speaker 2>looking into if birth order had an impact on non

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<v Speaker 2>cognitive abilities like leadership skills, and she writes in one

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<v Speaker 2>article about it, higher scores were assigned to those subjects

410
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<v Speaker 2>considered emotionally stable, persistent, socially outgoing, willing to assume responsibility,

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<v Speaker 2>and able to take initiative. She crunched the numbers. Later

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<v Speaker 2>born children had systematically lower scores onto all of those attributes. Now,

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<v Speaker 2>firstborn children tend to have jobs that require more sociability, leadership, ability, conscientiousness, agreeableness,

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<v Speaker 2>emotional stability, extraversion, and openness. So firstborn kids tend to

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<v Speaker 2>have important jobs like CEOs and lawmakers and politicians. What's

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<v Speaker 2>doctor Sandra E. Black's steak in the game, you wonder, Oh,

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00:24:33.440 --> 00:24:36.880
<v Speaker 2>she's a firstborn. Hm hm huh. So I will now

418
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<v Speaker 2>be pursuing my PhD on the thesis. So what if

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<v Speaker 2>I'm the last born? Maybe I was too busy getting

420
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<v Speaker 2>dunked on and being tricked into giving my toys away

421
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<v Speaker 2>when my sisters lied to me. So I became the

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<v Speaker 2>family buffoon to escape persecution. And that is why I

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<v Speaker 2>work from pajamas writing content about lizard dicks.

424
00:24:53.200 --> 00:24:55.319
<v Speaker 1>Okay, girls like swarms of lizards.

425
00:24:55.400 --> 00:24:57.920
<v Speaker 2>Right, What is it like when you I think when

426
00:24:57.960 --> 00:25:00.119
<v Speaker 2>people think about disaster recovery, they do think of that

427
00:25:01.599 --> 00:25:04.079
<v Speaker 2>small window of time when you're on the ground and

428
00:25:03.480 --> 00:25:07.599
<v Speaker 2>you're seeing things and you're helping out. Do you find

429
00:25:07.599 --> 00:25:09.720
<v Speaker 2>that some people think that they're cut out maybe for

430
00:25:09.759 --> 00:25:12.519
<v Speaker 2>this work, and it's just too difficult or too emotional

431
00:25:12.519 --> 00:25:14.359
<v Speaker 2>for them.

432
00:25:14.759 --> 00:25:15.400
<v Speaker 3>Maybe.

433
00:25:16.400 --> 00:25:19.000
<v Speaker 4>I think, going back to that disaster bug thing, I

434
00:25:19.039 --> 00:25:21.920
<v Speaker 4>think that people who like say they've caught the disaster

435
00:25:22.000 --> 00:25:25.200
<v Speaker 4>bug are the people who are cut out for it.

436
00:25:25.400 --> 00:25:29.200
<v Speaker 4>So I guess there is something about it that some

437
00:25:29.240 --> 00:25:33.079
<v Speaker 4>people seem to be more capable of handling for extended

438
00:25:33.119 --> 00:25:34.000
<v Speaker 4>periods of time.

439
00:25:34.680 --> 00:25:39.079
<v Speaker 2>Going back to recovery, Samantha remember spent undergrad in Louisiana

440
00:25:39.200 --> 00:25:43.680
<v Speaker 2>after Katrina and the floods, and this was a massive catastrophe. Again,

441
00:25:43.720 --> 00:25:48.200
<v Speaker 2>eighty percent of the city flooded. Human bodies floated in

442
00:25:48.200 --> 00:25:52.440
<v Speaker 2>the floodwaters for days at a time, infrastructure was out

443
00:25:52.680 --> 00:25:56.480
<v Speaker 2>all over. People left and never came back. So for

444
00:25:56.599 --> 00:25:59.000
<v Speaker 2>this episode, I went back and looked up some ap

445
00:25:59.160 --> 00:26:02.920
<v Speaker 2>photos of the direct aftermath, and I literally cried over

446
00:26:02.960 --> 00:26:06.440
<v Speaker 2>my laptop and then had nightmares. The scale of this

447
00:26:06.559 --> 00:26:10.920
<v Speaker 2>tragedy was unthinkable. So what was her experience like there?

448
00:26:11.400 --> 00:26:13.799
<v Speaker 4>So when I lived in New Orleans, I lived there

449
00:26:13.839 --> 00:26:16.359
<v Speaker 4>for four years. I was going to college, so in

450
00:26:16.400 --> 00:26:20.000
<v Speaker 4>some ways I was mostly living on campus in Uptown

451
00:26:20.039 --> 00:26:24.000
<v Speaker 4>New Orleans. You know, you could walk around outside and

452
00:26:24.039 --> 00:26:26.480
<v Speaker 4>not really know that Katrina had happened.

453
00:26:26.720 --> 00:26:28.039
<v Speaker 3>In the past few years.

454
00:26:29.000 --> 00:26:31.039
<v Speaker 4>There were like some signs here and there, but for

455
00:26:31.079 --> 00:26:36.400
<v Speaker 4>the most part, things looked quote unquote normal. But because

456
00:26:36.440 --> 00:26:39.359
<v Speaker 4>of the organizations I wor worked with and the other

457
00:26:39.400 --> 00:26:42.599
<v Speaker 4>things that I did, I was regularly spending time in

458
00:26:42.680 --> 00:26:47.400
<v Speaker 4>all different neighborhoods throughout the entire city. And you know,

459
00:26:48.519 --> 00:26:51.359
<v Speaker 4>when you live in a place that is going through

460
00:26:51.400 --> 00:26:56.119
<v Speaker 4>a recovery, especially of the size of Katrina's recovery, it

461
00:26:56.400 --> 00:27:00.720
<v Speaker 4>affects kind of every aspect of your day, from you know,

462
00:27:00.839 --> 00:27:04.200
<v Speaker 4>certain roads being closed down because they're still doing construction

463
00:27:04.319 --> 00:27:07.039
<v Speaker 4>on those roads, or fixing the sewer lines for the

464
00:27:07.079 --> 00:27:10.599
<v Speaker 4>first time since the storm like years later, or you know,

465
00:27:10.680 --> 00:27:13.759
<v Speaker 4>trash and recycling not being back, or it being two

466
00:27:13.799 --> 00:27:16.960
<v Speaker 4>to three years before the streetcar starts running again, right,

467
00:27:17.079 --> 00:27:20.160
<v Speaker 4>Every different aspect of the city had to be rebuilt,

468
00:27:20.200 --> 00:27:24.119
<v Speaker 4>and so you're operating within this space that is not

469
00:27:24.240 --> 00:27:27.720
<v Speaker 4>operating at its full capacity, and so that kind of

470
00:27:28.039 --> 00:27:32.400
<v Speaker 4>like that eats at you. That affects your daily life.

471
00:27:32.480 --> 00:27:35.720
<v Speaker 4>And even I who was very much still removed from that,

472
00:27:35.839 --> 00:27:38.799
<v Speaker 4>like I myself was not going through recovery. I myself

473
00:27:38.880 --> 00:27:42.359
<v Speaker 4>was like living in like a place that was recovered.

474
00:27:42.799 --> 00:27:46.319
<v Speaker 4>And even then when I left New Orleans, I like

475
00:27:46.440 --> 00:27:49.559
<v Speaker 4>felt the difference of moving to Fargo and being in

476
00:27:49.559 --> 00:27:53.400
<v Speaker 4>a community that was all put together and operating the

477
00:27:53.400 --> 00:27:55.440
<v Speaker 4>way you expect a community to operate.

478
00:27:56.119 --> 00:27:58.200
<v Speaker 3>And so, yeah, it definitely eats at you.

479
00:27:58.319 --> 00:28:00.920
<v Speaker 4>We also see that in the research in terms of,

480
00:28:01.359 --> 00:28:04.400
<v Speaker 4>you know, people's mental health and the way that stress

481
00:28:04.400 --> 00:28:08.359
<v Speaker 4>manifests during recovery. We see an increase in domestic violence,

482
00:28:08.720 --> 00:28:12.519
<v Speaker 4>an increase in suicides during recovery among people who are

483
00:28:12.519 --> 00:28:16.480
<v Speaker 4>going through that process. And yeah, it's extremely, extremely difficult

484
00:28:16.519 --> 00:28:20.240
<v Speaker 4>to go through, particularly as a survivor of that disaster.

485
00:28:21.000 --> 00:28:23.880
<v Speaker 2>Does it ever affect you to see how people respond

486
00:28:23.960 --> 00:28:29.079
<v Speaker 2>to certain disasters as opposed to others, or how policymakers

487
00:28:29.240 --> 00:28:33.920
<v Speaker 2>or political officials will respond to certain communities affected or

488
00:28:34.000 --> 00:28:38.119
<v Speaker 2>certain disasters. Is that ever something that might get your goat?

489
00:28:38.640 --> 00:28:42.039
<v Speaker 3>Yeah? I'm mad, like all the time. I'm okay, but

490
00:28:42.119 --> 00:28:44.160
<v Speaker 3>I think you just constantly mad.

491
00:28:44.359 --> 00:28:48.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, Just a side note, So we recorded this

492
00:28:48.079 --> 00:28:52.480
<v Speaker 2>in late April. The world had just watched France's Structural

493
00:28:52.559 --> 00:28:57.319
<v Speaker 2>Jewel Notre Dame Cathedral burn in part to cinders and collapse.

494
00:28:57.759 --> 00:29:02.519
<v Speaker 2>Over one billion dollars poured out of pockets, and the

495
00:29:02.640 --> 00:29:07.160
<v Speaker 2>church reported that most of it was from small personal donations. So, okay,

496
00:29:07.160 --> 00:29:11.079
<v Speaker 2>they raised a billion dollars very quickly. Fine, it's Europe.

497
00:29:11.119 --> 00:29:13.680
<v Speaker 2>There are so many countries that would ship in. But

498
00:29:13.960 --> 00:29:16.559
<v Speaker 2>I just read a recent Travel and Leisure article that

499
00:29:16.720 --> 00:29:21.079
<v Speaker 2>noted an estimated ninety percent of the donations didn't come

500
00:29:21.079 --> 00:29:23.599
<v Speaker 2>from Europe. They came from the US. So what about

501
00:29:23.720 --> 00:29:27.759
<v Speaker 2>Puerto Rico, hobbled by Hurricane Maria. They got less help

502
00:29:27.920 --> 00:29:30.799
<v Speaker 2>from the US federal government than Texas and Florida did

503
00:29:30.799 --> 00:29:34.480
<v Speaker 2>for Hurricanes Harvey and Erma. And as for personal donations,

504
00:29:34.640 --> 00:29:38.279
<v Speaker 2>folks gave about thirty two million to Puerto Rico as

505
00:29:38.319 --> 00:29:42.519
<v Speaker 2>compared to that one billion for a Paris church. Hurricane

506
00:29:42.559 --> 00:29:45.519
<v Speaker 2>Maria's death toll in Puerto Rico, which is a US territory,

507
00:29:45.640 --> 00:29:49.200
<v Speaker 2>is estimated at three thousand and fifty seven people, So

508
00:29:49.240 --> 00:29:53.440
<v Speaker 2>the death toll for the Notre Dame fire zero. Huge

509
00:29:53.680 --> 00:29:55.359
<v Speaker 2>financial discrepancies there.

510
00:29:55.880 --> 00:30:05.880
<v Speaker 4>Certainly, everything about disasters is is injustice manifesting, like who

511
00:30:06.039 --> 00:30:09.920
<v Speaker 4>is affected most directly by disasters, which communities are affected

512
00:30:09.960 --> 00:30:14.400
<v Speaker 4>in what ways they are affected, their ability to prepare

513
00:30:14.440 --> 00:30:18.920
<v Speaker 4>for disasters, their ability to mitigate disasters, their ability to recover,

514
00:30:19.440 --> 00:30:22.680
<v Speaker 4>their ability to literally survive disasters. All of this is

515
00:30:22.720 --> 00:30:27.160
<v Speaker 4>tied to policies that are shaped by race, class, gender,

516
00:30:27.920 --> 00:30:32.359
<v Speaker 4>and all of those inequalities come out in the middle

517
00:30:32.400 --> 00:30:37.319
<v Speaker 4>of a disaster. And you know it's those inequalities exist

518
00:30:37.359 --> 00:30:39.599
<v Speaker 4>in all four phases, but of course it's during the

519
00:30:39.680 --> 00:30:42.599
<v Speaker 4>response that they are kind of most visible and in

520
00:30:42.640 --> 00:30:43.480
<v Speaker 4>everyone's face.

521
00:30:45.319 --> 00:30:48.759
<v Speaker 2>Kanye West sometimes just calling them out on a telethon

522
00:30:49.200 --> 00:30:53.119
<v Speaker 2>George Bush doesn't care about black people back vintage Kanye West.

523
00:30:53.119 --> 00:30:56.720
<v Speaker 2>That is, yeah, the golden days of yeasy, before red

524
00:30:56.799 --> 00:31:01.000
<v Speaker 2>hats and proclamations that slavery is a choice. So next

525
00:31:01.000 --> 00:31:04.440
<v Speaker 2>time someone gets unhinged on Twitter and pisses off huge

526
00:31:04.640 --> 00:31:08.279
<v Speaker 2>swaths of the nation, you can ponder academically, is this

527
00:31:08.559 --> 00:31:14.279
<v Speaker 2>a PR emergency, PR disaster or a PR catastrophe. And

528
00:31:14.319 --> 00:31:21.720
<v Speaker 2>so when it comes to disasters, say coming up versus

529
00:31:21.880 --> 00:31:25.880
<v Speaker 2>how they were ten, twelve, twenty years ago. I mean

530
00:31:26.319 --> 00:31:29.079
<v Speaker 2>not to use the forecast with the word forecast two

531
00:31:29.119 --> 00:31:32.480
<v Speaker 2>on the nose, but are we looking at more disasters

532
00:31:32.799 --> 00:31:35.240
<v Speaker 2>and less preparedness so.

533
00:31:35.160 --> 00:31:40.119
<v Speaker 4>We're definitely looking at more disasters if we are continue

534
00:31:40.160 --> 00:31:42.039
<v Speaker 4>on the trajectory that we're headed.

535
00:31:43.519 --> 00:31:45.319
<v Speaker 3>Based on a couple of factors.

536
00:31:45.359 --> 00:31:49.319
<v Speaker 4>So one climate change to the number of people and

537
00:31:49.440 --> 00:31:52.839
<v Speaker 4>where they are living, and three the way we're building.

538
00:31:53.839 --> 00:31:57.359
<v Speaker 4>Those are the three kind of big factors that are

539
00:31:57.480 --> 00:32:01.559
<v Speaker 4>going to be driving that increase in disasters. So it's

540
00:32:01.599 --> 00:32:04.160
<v Speaker 4>a little bit difficult to tell, but generally that's the

541
00:32:04.279 --> 00:32:06.160
<v Speaker 4>trajectory that we're on for sure.

542
00:32:06.759 --> 00:32:10.359
<v Speaker 2>Let's touch on a few historical disasters, shall we.

543
00:32:10.640 --> 00:32:14.680
<v Speaker 4>So I've started my understanding of disasters probably back like

544
00:32:14.920 --> 00:32:19.720
<v Speaker 4>mid eighteen hundreds, like Great Chicago Fire, then going to

545
00:32:20.039 --> 00:32:23.720
<v Speaker 4>like the Galveston hurricane of nineteen hundred, the San Francisco

546
00:32:23.759 --> 00:32:27.400
<v Speaker 4>earthquake and fire in nineteen oh six, Mississippi River flood

547
00:32:27.440 --> 00:32:30.640
<v Speaker 4>of nineteen twenty seven, the dust Bowl, and then kind

548
00:32:30.640 --> 00:32:33.000
<v Speaker 4>of back up into more modern disasters.

549
00:32:33.519 --> 00:32:37.359
<v Speaker 2>How is, how have disasters changed since ye old disasters

550
00:32:37.599 --> 00:32:38.839
<v Speaker 2>as we might call them.

551
00:32:39.839 --> 00:32:41.559
<v Speaker 3>Well, a lot of things have changed.

552
00:32:41.839 --> 00:32:45.839
<v Speaker 4>The first thing that's changed is the actual hazards that

553
00:32:45.880 --> 00:32:49.599
<v Speaker 4>we have to deal with. So now we have more

554
00:32:49.680 --> 00:32:55.200
<v Speaker 4>technological disasters, more like human made oil spills, chemical spills

555
00:32:55.839 --> 00:32:57.000
<v Speaker 4>type of disasters.

556
00:32:57.319 --> 00:32:59.920
<v Speaker 3>What we've also changed the way that we build.

557
00:33:00.160 --> 00:33:02.799
<v Speaker 4>Like the things that we have in our community are

558
00:33:02.839 --> 00:33:07.640
<v Speaker 4>just worth more now, and they're more complicated to put

559
00:33:07.720 --> 00:33:12.880
<v Speaker 4>back together after a disaster happens, like putting the electric

560
00:33:12.960 --> 00:33:15.559
<v Speaker 4>grid back together in Puerto Rico, right, Like, those types

561
00:33:15.599 --> 00:33:18.240
<v Speaker 4>of things are more complicated and it takes longer.

562
00:33:19.119 --> 00:33:21.839
<v Speaker 2>So what's changed in the last one hundred and fifty

563
00:33:21.920 --> 00:33:29.319
<v Speaker 2>years isn't just better architecture, technology, communication, transportation and like soap,

564
00:33:29.559 --> 00:33:33.279
<v Speaker 2>but also an increase in government involvement, Samantha says.

565
00:33:33.480 --> 00:33:34.920
<v Speaker 3>But we have FEMA now.

566
00:33:35.920 --> 00:33:39.079
<v Speaker 4>FEMA wasn't created until the nineteen seventies. There were some

567
00:33:39.240 --> 00:33:42.200
<v Speaker 4>offices that were a precursor to FEMA.

568
00:33:42.920 --> 00:33:47.759
<v Speaker 2>And what happens when say, FEMA gets on the ground

569
00:33:47.759 --> 00:33:51.720
<v Speaker 2>of a disaster, what type of organization is most effective

570
00:33:51.720 --> 00:33:55.119
<v Speaker 2>in getting people help, what's the triage method and where

571
00:33:55.119 --> 00:33:56.839
<v Speaker 2>do they start to assess and act on things.

572
00:33:57.279 --> 00:34:01.640
<v Speaker 4>The response begins before FEMA gets So the first responders

573
00:34:01.640 --> 00:34:05.079
<v Speaker 4>to any disaster the people who are in that community.

574
00:34:05.519 --> 00:34:10.239
<v Speaker 4>So the survivors themselves, the traditional first responders, police, fire,

575
00:34:10.320 --> 00:34:10.800
<v Speaker 4>et cetera.

576
00:34:11.199 --> 00:34:13.039
<v Speaker 3>They're first there.

577
00:34:13.119 --> 00:34:18.119
<v Speaker 4>The local emergency managers, state level agencies and offices are

578
00:34:18.159 --> 00:34:21.239
<v Speaker 4>all there, and then the federal government comes in.

579
00:34:22.119 --> 00:34:25.360
<v Speaker 2>So you might recall photos of the Katrina response. There

580
00:34:25.360 --> 00:34:30.320
<v Speaker 2>were houses drifted from their foundations, apartments still standing in

581
00:34:30.440 --> 00:34:36.840
<v Speaker 2>really lovely historical downtown architecture bore not only stains from floodwater,

582
00:34:36.960 --> 00:34:41.559
<v Speaker 2>but also spray painted xes surrounded by numbers and codes.

583
00:34:41.880 --> 00:34:45.559
<v Speaker 2>And these exes were kind of crudely slashed on thousands

584
00:34:45.599 --> 00:34:50.920
<v Speaker 2>and thousands of house exteriors and they looked ominous, almost biblical,

585
00:34:51.320 --> 00:34:54.199
<v Speaker 2>but you know, instead of Lamb's blood, it's just orange

586
00:34:54.199 --> 00:34:58.159
<v Speaker 2>spray paint. And these exes served as warnings and heads

587
00:34:58.239 --> 00:35:02.239
<v Speaker 2>up to other disaster relief workers. So upon entering to

588
00:35:02.360 --> 00:35:05.280
<v Speaker 2>check out the building, one slash was made, and then

589
00:35:05.320 --> 00:35:09.239
<v Speaker 2>after searching the property for survivors, the other slash was done,

590
00:35:09.440 --> 00:35:12.559
<v Speaker 2>completing the X. So in the top quadrant was the

591
00:35:12.639 --> 00:35:16.559
<v Speaker 2>date the structure was searched, and the western quarter notes

592
00:35:16.639 --> 00:35:20.320
<v Speaker 2>who searched the property, and the right or the eastern

593
00:35:20.400 --> 00:35:26.119
<v Speaker 2>quadrant noted what hazards like rats or structural instability was happening,

594
00:35:26.519 --> 00:35:29.679
<v Speaker 2>and then the bottom section noted the number of living

595
00:35:29.960 --> 00:35:34.760
<v Speaker 2>or dead found inside zero L zero dB means the

596
00:35:34.760 --> 00:35:38.519
<v Speaker 2>place was empty, zero living, zero dead bodies. That number

597
00:35:38.519 --> 00:35:42.000
<v Speaker 2>wasn't always zero, though, so Many survivors of Katrina kept

598
00:35:42.039 --> 00:35:44.880
<v Speaker 2>the X markings that were on their homes even after

599
00:35:44.920 --> 00:35:48.719
<v Speaker 2>they repaired all around it, and others had iron sculpture

600
00:35:48.719 --> 00:35:52.800
<v Speaker 2>replicas made to endure and memorialize the event after the

601
00:35:52.840 --> 00:35:56.639
<v Speaker 2>paint faded. Others kept that memory alive in the form

602
00:35:56.679 --> 00:36:00.880
<v Speaker 2>of tattoos like that hurried spray painted X was transferred

603
00:36:00.880 --> 00:36:04.280
<v Speaker 2>from their houses onto their skin via needle to take

604
00:36:04.320 --> 00:36:06.639
<v Speaker 2>to the grave. I just you look at that, and

605
00:36:07.320 --> 00:36:11.159
<v Speaker 2>it is incomprehensible sometimes to think of how much chaos,

606
00:36:11.199 --> 00:36:16.320
<v Speaker 2>how much heartache, how much loss, how much just disbelief

607
00:36:16.320 --> 00:36:19.440
<v Speaker 2>and denial, people must be in from a grief standpoint,

608
00:36:19.559 --> 00:36:22.000
<v Speaker 2>and then to try to figure out where do we

609
00:36:22.039 --> 00:36:25.199
<v Speaker 2>put people, what's safest, how many people are in this house?

610
00:36:25.519 --> 00:36:27.360
<v Speaker 2>I mean, how do you even begin to tackle that?

611
00:36:27.760 --> 00:36:33.280
<v Speaker 4>So, first of all, communities have plans in place ahead

612
00:36:33.320 --> 00:36:33.760
<v Speaker 4>of time.

613
00:36:33.960 --> 00:36:35.320
<v Speaker 3>They're not always great.

614
00:36:35.159 --> 00:36:39.000
<v Speaker 4>Plans, but they have them, and anybody who's been involved

615
00:36:39.039 --> 00:36:43.360
<v Speaker 4>in creating those plans theoretically knows what those plans are.

616
00:36:43.800 --> 00:36:47.880
<v Speaker 4>There is a system that we use nationally to help

617
00:36:48.000 --> 00:36:51.719
<v Speaker 4>try to organize and coordinate, and there is like a

618
00:36:52.000 --> 00:36:57.639
<v Speaker 4>national framework for who is like which major agencies are

619
00:36:57.760 --> 00:37:03.079
<v Speaker 4>in charge of different areas like sheltering versus search and rescue.

620
00:37:03.519 --> 00:37:07.280
<v Speaker 4>So there's some breakdown in that sense. And also once

621
00:37:07.280 --> 00:37:09.840
<v Speaker 4>we're talking about the big disasters here and you have

622
00:37:09.960 --> 00:37:12.119
<v Speaker 4>that national involvement, you also have.

623
00:37:12.199 --> 00:37:14.559
<v Speaker 3>Agencies and people that have worked together.

624
00:37:14.320 --> 00:37:17.800
<v Speaker 4>Before on disasters, and so they have more familiarity with

625
00:37:17.880 --> 00:37:20.800
<v Speaker 4>each other and they're bringing all their experience at past

626
00:37:20.880 --> 00:37:23.599
<v Speaker 4>disasters into their response.

627
00:37:24.760 --> 00:37:29.000
<v Speaker 2>So there's FEMA but also more grassroots efforts, Samantha explains.

628
00:37:29.280 --> 00:37:33.639
<v Speaker 4>So what happens during disasters is that people look around

629
00:37:33.679 --> 00:37:37.159
<v Speaker 4>and they see that help is needed, and they work

630
00:37:37.199 --> 00:37:42.639
<v Speaker 4>together to address those needs. And so sometimes these emergent

631
00:37:42.719 --> 00:37:45.880
<v Speaker 4>groups are like little search and rescue groups in a

632
00:37:45.920 --> 00:37:49.079
<v Speaker 4>neighborhood that start going around knocking on doors to check

633
00:37:49.119 --> 00:37:52.519
<v Speaker 4>on people. Sometimes it is a group of people getting

634
00:37:52.599 --> 00:37:55.639
<v Speaker 4>together to open a shelter in a church that they

635
00:37:55.679 --> 00:37:58.280
<v Speaker 4>weren't expecting to have to do, but there's a need

636
00:37:58.320 --> 00:38:02.800
<v Speaker 4>for it, so they do it. We also have this

637
00:38:02.920 --> 00:38:07.360
<v Speaker 4>convergence of people from outside of the impacted area coming in.

638
00:38:08.679 --> 00:38:13.679
<v Speaker 4>Like within that convergence, you have volunteers coming from the

639
00:38:13.719 --> 00:38:17.079
<v Speaker 4>outside area to kind of back up the survivors and

640
00:38:17.159 --> 00:38:21.800
<v Speaker 4>help them address the needs. And so when a disaster happens,

641
00:38:21.880 --> 00:38:27.000
<v Speaker 4>you have this formal system that's operating under this plan

642
00:38:27.679 --> 00:38:31.480
<v Speaker 4>and like procedures that they've thought through, and then you

643
00:38:31.559 --> 00:38:36.360
<v Speaker 4>have this informal system doing whatever they think needs to

644
00:38:36.400 --> 00:38:40.159
<v Speaker 4>happen in the moment, and that can be very frustrating,

645
00:38:40.199 --> 00:38:42.719
<v Speaker 4>as you can imagine for those in the formal system.

646
00:38:43.440 --> 00:38:46.360
<v Speaker 4>I am more sympathetic to the informal system. I think

647
00:38:46.360 --> 00:38:51.880
<v Speaker 4>they're great. They are really flexible because they don't have

648
00:38:51.920 --> 00:38:54.800
<v Speaker 4>any rules or procedures that they're really following, right, They're

649
00:38:54.840 --> 00:38:57.519
<v Speaker 4>really flexible and can meet whatever the needs are in

650
00:38:57.559 --> 00:38:58.119
<v Speaker 4>that moment.

651
00:39:00.079 --> 00:39:01.599
<v Speaker 3>And so when you.

652
00:39:02.239 --> 00:39:06.840
<v Speaker 4>Look at a disaster that's happening and if you're having

653
00:39:06.840 --> 00:39:09.760
<v Speaker 4>a sense from the media a response isn't going well,

654
00:39:10.239 --> 00:39:13.679
<v Speaker 4>sometimes what's happening is that there's been some kind of

655
00:39:13.719 --> 00:39:18.039
<v Speaker 4>breakdown in that formal system, and where people's needs are

656
00:39:18.079 --> 00:39:21.559
<v Speaker 4>still being met, it's happening through the informal system.

657
00:39:21.960 --> 00:39:25.360
<v Speaker 2>So sometimes these big systems get the attention while the

658
00:39:25.400 --> 00:39:27.840
<v Speaker 2>more grassroots efforts pick up the slack.

659
00:39:28.239 --> 00:39:32.400
<v Speaker 4>One of the key things about Puerto Rico is that

660
00:39:33.760 --> 00:39:38.400
<v Speaker 4>because Puerto Rico is in fact, an island, the convergence

661
00:39:38.480 --> 00:39:44.079
<v Speaker 4>from outside wasn't able to happen as quickly as it

662
00:39:44.119 --> 00:39:47.119
<v Speaker 4>was able to in Texas during Harvey, or in Florida

663
00:39:47.199 --> 00:39:52.000
<v Speaker 4>during Irma, or North and South Carolina during Florence. It

664
00:39:52.199 --> 00:39:55.119
<v Speaker 4>just took longer for people from the outside to be

665
00:39:55.159 --> 00:39:58.679
<v Speaker 4>able to get in. And so in Puerto Rico you

666
00:39:58.719 --> 00:40:01.559
<v Speaker 4>saw this kind of break down in the formal system,

667
00:40:01.599 --> 00:40:04.559
<v Speaker 4>but you also saw a breakdown in the informal system,

668
00:40:05.039 --> 00:40:10.239
<v Speaker 4>which is less usual, and that helped contribute to kind

669
00:40:10.280 --> 00:40:14.159
<v Speaker 4>of what people were seeing as they watched Puerto Rico unfold.

670
00:40:14.239 --> 00:40:18.320
<v Speaker 4>And one of the reasons why it was so bad

671
00:40:18.400 --> 00:40:20.199
<v Speaker 4>in terms of the response.

672
00:40:20.559 --> 00:40:23.159
<v Speaker 2>I mean, if only they had more paper towels.

673
00:40:23.360 --> 00:40:26.159
<v Speaker 4>They had these beautiful soft towels, very good towels. Puerto

674
00:40:26.239 --> 00:40:30.639
<v Speaker 4>Rico had like almost everything working against them. Once Maria formed,

675
00:40:31.760 --> 00:40:36.480
<v Speaker 4>they already were vulnerable in terms of the infrastructure on

676
00:40:36.519 --> 00:40:39.800
<v Speaker 4>the island and the fact that they are more isolated

677
00:40:39.920 --> 00:40:44.639
<v Speaker 4>than someplace like Houston. Then you had the added issue

678
00:40:45.280 --> 00:40:49.960
<v Speaker 4>of the emergency management system already having been strained at

679
00:40:49.960 --> 00:40:50.679
<v Speaker 4>that point.

680
00:40:51.000 --> 00:40:52.119
<v Speaker 3>Harvey and Arma.

681
00:40:52.000 --> 00:40:55.320
<v Speaker 4>Had both just happened, and I mean those were major

682
00:40:55.440 --> 00:41:01.119
<v Speaker 4>disasters that took attention from everybody, and so by the

683
00:41:01.360 --> 00:41:04.599
<v Speaker 4>time we got to Maria, everybody was tired. People were

684
00:41:04.639 --> 00:41:09.199
<v Speaker 4>already deployed, resources were already used up. And then you

685
00:41:09.440 --> 00:41:14.840
<v Speaker 4>add another layer of government dysfunction at multiple levels, and

686
00:41:15.440 --> 00:41:20.480
<v Speaker 4>like at a hurricane, and you have what happened in

687
00:41:20.519 --> 00:41:21.880
<v Speaker 4>Puerto Rico.

688
00:41:22.519 --> 00:41:27.599
<v Speaker 2>What happens when the president gets in his helicopter, whatever,

689
00:41:27.800 --> 00:41:30.920
<v Speaker 2>surveys something, scratches his chin, declares it an emergency. Like

690
00:41:31.840 --> 00:41:34.079
<v Speaker 2>there's always that moment where they they have declared not

691
00:41:34.119 --> 00:41:36.559
<v Speaker 2>an emergency, and you're like, okay, that must mean some

692
00:41:36.599 --> 00:41:38.079
<v Speaker 2>paperwork gets shuffled.

693
00:41:37.679 --> 00:41:41.880
<v Speaker 4>Differently, that's actually a really important thing to have happened.

694
00:41:42.320 --> 00:41:47.360
<v Speaker 4>So the way that you kind of get FEMA involved

695
00:41:47.440 --> 00:41:50.760
<v Speaker 4>and get the federal government involved more broadly in a

696
00:41:50.800 --> 00:41:55.320
<v Speaker 4>disaster is that it has to be a presidentially declared disaster.

697
00:41:55.639 --> 00:41:57.400
<v Speaker 3>So the governor of.

698
00:41:57.400 --> 00:42:03.199
<v Speaker 4>The state has to declared an emergency and then they

699
00:42:03.960 --> 00:42:08.039
<v Speaker 4>go through a process with FEMA of asking the White

700
00:42:08.079 --> 00:42:13.000
<v Speaker 4>House to declare it a presidential disaster. So once the

701
00:42:13.039 --> 00:42:16.639
<v Speaker 4>President signs that, FEMA and the rest of the federal

702
00:42:16.679 --> 00:42:21.880
<v Speaker 4>government can become involved and start supporting that specific disaster.

703
00:42:22.239 --> 00:42:27.079
<v Speaker 4>It has really really important implications for recovery. Specifically, in

704
00:42:27.199 --> 00:42:31.719
<v Speaker 4>order to get individual assistance, like a homeowner get individual

705
00:42:31.760 --> 00:42:35.480
<v Speaker 4>assistance from FEMA post disaster, you have to be in

706
00:42:35.639 --> 00:42:40.840
<v Speaker 4>a county that received a presidential disaster declaration and has

707
00:42:40.920 --> 00:42:44.039
<v Speaker 4>had met the threshold for all of.

708
00:42:44.000 --> 00:42:46.840
<v Speaker 3>Those programs being opened through FEMA.

709
00:42:47.920 --> 00:42:50.079
<v Speaker 2>And I noticed you use the word survivors. I haven't

710
00:42:50.079 --> 00:42:54.599
<v Speaker 2>heard you use the word victim, which seems deliberate, and

711
00:42:54.639 --> 00:42:56.639
<v Speaker 2>I imagine is there's a reason.

712
00:42:57.920 --> 00:43:06.639
<v Speaker 4>Sure, So, oftentimes we hear survivors described as victims. I

713
00:43:06.679 --> 00:43:09.920
<v Speaker 4>tend to use the word victims to describe the people

714
00:43:09.920 --> 00:43:13.800
<v Speaker 4>who have died in the disaster, and use survivors for

715
00:43:13.880 --> 00:43:15.000
<v Speaker 4>those who have survived.

716
00:43:16.760 --> 00:43:20.280
<v Speaker 3>It varies. If I'm talking to somebody who has been

717
00:43:20.320 --> 00:43:21.400
<v Speaker 3>through a disaster.

718
00:43:21.159 --> 00:43:22.880
<v Speaker 4>I use the word that they use, So if they're

719
00:43:22.880 --> 00:43:26.360
<v Speaker 4>calling themselves the victim, then I go with that. But

720
00:43:26.480 --> 00:43:30.199
<v Speaker 4>generally I prefer survivors one, so that you can have

721
00:43:30.320 --> 00:43:34.920
<v Speaker 4>that distinction between victim and survivor, but also in the

722
00:43:34.960 --> 00:43:37.920
<v Speaker 4>way that it is empowering, I suppose.

723
00:43:37.559 --> 00:43:40.079
<v Speaker 2>It seems to also pay some respect to the people

724
00:43:40.079 --> 00:43:43.159
<v Speaker 2>who lost their lives as well. I think a lot

725
00:43:43.239 --> 00:43:46.599
<v Speaker 2>of people hear about disasters more in terms of the

726
00:43:47.039 --> 00:43:49.320
<v Speaker 2>millions of dollars of property damage or how much it

727
00:43:49.320 --> 00:43:51.559
<v Speaker 2>will cost to rebuild, but maybe don't always remember the

728
00:43:51.639 --> 00:43:55.119
<v Speaker 2>number of lives lost. Is that in part of your

729
00:43:55.159 --> 00:43:58.639
<v Speaker 2>work something that you try to shine a light on

730
00:43:59.440 --> 00:44:02.679
<v Speaker 2>at all, or is that something that you feel should

731
00:44:02.760 --> 00:44:04.159
<v Speaker 2>be considered.

732
00:44:05.079 --> 00:44:10.800
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, certainly it's something to know and to be considered.

733
00:44:11.360 --> 00:44:17.039
<v Speaker 4>I think talking about disaster deaths can be really complicated.

734
00:44:17.519 --> 00:44:20.000
<v Speaker 4>This is another thing that kind of came to light

735
00:44:20.519 --> 00:44:24.880
<v Speaker 4>for the public during Maria is who counts as having

736
00:44:24.960 --> 00:44:27.679
<v Speaker 4>their death attributed to a disaster and who doesn't.

737
00:44:28.800 --> 00:44:29.559
<v Speaker 3>There's some like.

738
00:44:29.760 --> 00:44:33.320
<v Speaker 4>Legal and financial implications that are tied to that, but

739
00:44:33.440 --> 00:44:39.000
<v Speaker 4>then there's also like who gets to decide if a

740
00:44:39.079 --> 00:44:42.320
<v Speaker 4>death is attributed to that disaster or not? Because we

741
00:44:42.440 --> 00:44:46.599
<v Speaker 4>know disasters are so complicated, right, and disasters to me,

742
00:44:46.960 --> 00:44:51.239
<v Speaker 4>aren't just that moment of impact. The disaster is the

743
00:44:51.239 --> 00:44:55.280
<v Speaker 4>whole thing all like through recovery, like that's all still

744
00:44:55.400 --> 00:44:58.639
<v Speaker 4>the disaster is still happening, it's just manifesting in a

745
00:44:58.639 --> 00:45:02.440
<v Speaker 4>different way. And so to say that somebody who has

746
00:45:02.559 --> 00:45:07.800
<v Speaker 4>died from literally drowning in floodwaters, their death is obviously

747
00:45:07.840 --> 00:45:12.280
<v Speaker 4>attributable to that disaster but then to me, somebody who

748
00:45:12.480 --> 00:45:16.280
<v Speaker 4>has died of a heart attack from being so stressed

749
00:45:16.280 --> 00:45:20.559
<v Speaker 4>out about the recovery process a week later, I mean

750
00:45:20.639 --> 00:45:24.760
<v Speaker 4>that death is just as attributable to that disaster in

751
00:45:24.840 --> 00:45:31.000
<v Speaker 4>my opinion. But again there's this like complicated legal situation

752
00:45:31.440 --> 00:45:34.639
<v Speaker 4>that is going on. But yeah, we're not good at

753
00:45:34.679 --> 00:45:38.480
<v Speaker 4>counting disaster deaths. It's really complicated. Some of it is

754
00:45:38.480 --> 00:45:43.000
<v Speaker 4>like a logistics issue of this more of it, but

755
00:45:43.079 --> 00:45:45.639
<v Speaker 4>like going to find bodies and like being able to

756
00:45:45.719 --> 00:45:49.199
<v Speaker 4>actually like figure out who is missing. Of course, when

757
00:45:49.239 --> 00:45:53.800
<v Speaker 4>you look back at certain disasters, you can see who

758
00:45:54.239 --> 00:45:57.960
<v Speaker 4>in a community isn't counted among disaster deaths and who is,

759
00:45:58.679 --> 00:46:00.559
<v Speaker 4>And so it's all just really calm implicated.

760
00:46:01.480 --> 00:46:04.920
<v Speaker 2>And I understand that statistics for heart attacks after an earthquake,

761
00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:08.159
<v Speaker 2>say spike a few days later, is that something that

762
00:46:08.679 --> 00:46:12.760
<v Speaker 2>disastrologists look at or in hell, statistics like that.

763
00:46:13.400 --> 00:46:16.719
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, certainly there are some researchers who look at that.

764
00:46:17.559 --> 00:46:20.400
<v Speaker 4>Those would be under the heading of like indirect disaster

765
00:46:20.559 --> 00:46:22.360
<v Speaker 4>deaths if they're counted at all.

766
00:46:22.760 --> 00:46:25.599
<v Speaker 2>Okay, so quick aside, I remember years ago seeing an

767
00:46:25.639 --> 00:46:30.039
<v Speaker 2>article about heart attack deaths after LA's nineteen ninety four

768
00:46:30.119 --> 00:46:32.239
<v Speaker 2>north Ridge earthquake, and I went and have found it.

769
00:46:32.559 --> 00:46:36.360
<v Speaker 2>So the County corner found a five fold increase in

770
00:46:36.480 --> 00:46:39.320
<v Speaker 2>heart attack deaths the day of the earthquake, and a

771
00:46:39.360 --> 00:46:42.679
<v Speaker 2>week later the heart attack levels sunk back down to normal.

772
00:46:43.159 --> 00:46:46.559
<v Speaker 2>And in an area like New Orleans with this catastrophe,

773
00:46:46.760 --> 00:46:50.239
<v Speaker 2>like Katrina and the floods, the recovery process itself can

774
00:46:50.280 --> 00:46:54.719
<v Speaker 2>be so stressful that Tulane researchers found an uptick of

775
00:46:54.760 --> 00:46:58.760
<v Speaker 2>heart attacks a full decade after the event. And in

776
00:46:58.840 --> 00:47:01.880
<v Speaker 2>Japan after the twenty eleven earthquake and tsunami, there was

777
00:47:01.920 --> 00:47:04.159
<v Speaker 2>an increase in heart attack and stroke deaths for a

778
00:47:04.199 --> 00:47:07.480
<v Speaker 2>solid month and for two weeks after Hurricane Sandy in

779
00:47:07.519 --> 00:47:10.119
<v Speaker 2>twenty twelve, the areas of New Jersey that were most

780
00:47:10.159 --> 00:47:14.719
<v Speaker 2>impacted sy a twenty two percent increase in cardiac related deaths. So,

781
00:47:14.880 --> 00:47:18.840
<v Speaker 2>given that these casualties aren't always attributed to the disaster itself,

782
00:47:19.079 --> 00:47:23.599
<v Speaker 2>counts are likely underreported. And just reading about this is wrenching.

783
00:47:24.199 --> 00:47:27.880
<v Speaker 2>And what do you think people can do when we're

784
00:47:27.960 --> 00:47:30.760
<v Speaker 2>watching the news and we're seeing long lines and people

785
00:47:30.800 --> 00:47:32.920
<v Speaker 2>waiting to get clean water, and people who have been

786
00:47:32.960 --> 00:47:36.639
<v Speaker 2>displaced and families that are sleeping in gyms, and what

787
00:47:36.960 --> 00:47:39.119
<v Speaker 2>can a person do. I know you mentioned a lot

788
00:47:39.119 --> 00:47:41.639
<v Speaker 2>of people kind of descend on the area, but you

789
00:47:41.679 --> 00:47:43.960
<v Speaker 2>know through your work I've I've read also that that

790
00:47:44.000 --> 00:47:46.440
<v Speaker 2>can displace people who need a place to sleep because

791
00:47:46.440 --> 00:47:48.760
<v Speaker 2>there's all these kind of volunteers that now need a

792
00:47:48.760 --> 00:47:51.760
<v Speaker 2>place to sleep. So what can we do when we're

793
00:47:51.800 --> 00:47:54.760
<v Speaker 2>seeing this to help?

794
00:47:55.599 --> 00:47:57.840
<v Speaker 4>So there are a lot of things that you can

795
00:47:57.880 --> 00:48:01.960
<v Speaker 4>do to help. It kind of depends on when it

796
00:48:02.000 --> 00:48:04.119
<v Speaker 4>is in relation to the disaster.

797
00:48:03.920 --> 00:48:07.320
<v Speaker 3>And kind of where you are in relation to the disasters.

798
00:48:07.440 --> 00:48:11.119
<v Speaker 4>So if the disaster has happened in your community and

799
00:48:11.320 --> 00:48:16.719
<v Speaker 4>you see an opportunity to go volunteer and you can

800
00:48:16.920 --> 00:48:19.159
<v Speaker 4>get there safely and you're not.

801
00:48:19.199 --> 00:48:22.840
<v Speaker 3>In anybody's way and you're helping, then that is something

802
00:48:22.880 --> 00:48:23.519
<v Speaker 3>that you can do.

803
00:48:24.480 --> 00:48:28.480
<v Speaker 4>If you are away from the disaster when it happens,

804
00:48:29.280 --> 00:48:33.440
<v Speaker 4>I usually recommend not going there right away. I recommend

805
00:48:33.559 --> 00:48:37.280
<v Speaker 4>usually waiting more for the recovery and kind of let

806
00:48:37.400 --> 00:48:42.199
<v Speaker 4>that immediate crisis subside before adding yourself to that situation.

807
00:48:42.719 --> 00:48:46.280
<v Speaker 4>But you can donate money if you're able to. There

808
00:48:46.360 --> 00:48:51.239
<v Speaker 4>are a lot of great national disaster organizations, but then

809
00:48:51.559 --> 00:48:55.400
<v Speaker 4>there are also a lot of local nonprofits from that

810
00:48:55.519 --> 00:48:58.960
<v Speaker 4>community that are going to be involved in the response

811
00:48:59.039 --> 00:49:03.119
<v Speaker 4>and recovery for probably a longer period of time than

812
00:49:03.119 --> 00:49:07.199
<v Speaker 4>those bigger national organizations. And so it does take some

813
00:49:07.440 --> 00:49:10.519
<v Speaker 4>effort and some googling, but usually you can find some

814
00:49:10.559 --> 00:49:14.239
<v Speaker 4>of those local nonprofits and usually any that are working

815
00:49:14.239 --> 00:49:16.199
<v Speaker 4>in the community are going to be involved in some

816
00:49:16.360 --> 00:49:19.679
<v Speaker 4>way if it's a major disaster. And then if you

817
00:49:19.760 --> 00:49:23.000
<v Speaker 4>do really want to go volunteer and you're from further away,

818
00:49:23.239 --> 00:49:27.360
<v Speaker 4>then there are usually opportunities to go volunteer during the recovery,

819
00:49:28.119 --> 00:49:32.000
<v Speaker 4>again mostly through those national disaster organizations.

820
00:49:32.760 --> 00:49:35.199
<v Speaker 2>And how do you feel about the way some disasters

821
00:49:35.280 --> 00:49:38.280
<v Speaker 2>get covered on the news? Do you feel like it's

822
00:49:38.440 --> 00:49:40.679
<v Speaker 2>good to expose them or are you like, oh, you're

823
00:49:40.679 --> 00:49:44.880
<v Speaker 2>showing the absolute worst part on a loop to get ratings.

824
00:49:45.679 --> 00:49:47.199
<v Speaker 3>So it's complicated.

825
00:49:47.280 --> 00:49:52.199
<v Speaker 4>It is certainly frustrating at times to see you know,

826
00:49:52.280 --> 00:49:55.360
<v Speaker 4>the classic weatherman like standing in the ocean as a

827
00:49:55.400 --> 00:49:58.000
<v Speaker 4>hurricane is coming, right, that's frustrating.

828
00:49:58.199 --> 00:50:02.400
<v Speaker 2>This na, this is as bad as it will be able.

829
00:50:02.559 --> 00:50:04.960
<v Speaker 3>This thing is like founding us from behind.

830
00:50:05.159 --> 00:50:08.760
<v Speaker 4>But at the same time, the media is a vital

831
00:50:08.800 --> 00:50:13.920
<v Speaker 4>component of our overall emergency management system. They're providing life

832
00:50:13.920 --> 00:50:16.480
<v Speaker 4>saving information to the people who need it. They're sending

833
00:50:16.519 --> 00:50:22.199
<v Speaker 4>out warnings, they're disseminating information about evacuations, they're telling people

834
00:50:22.199 --> 00:50:22.679
<v Speaker 4>where they.

835
00:50:22.559 --> 00:50:23.440
<v Speaker 3>Can go to get help.

836
00:50:24.000 --> 00:50:28.039
<v Speaker 2>Samantha says that the news media is also amplifying organizations

837
00:50:28.039 --> 00:50:31.320
<v Speaker 2>collecting donations and they're shining a light on how their

838
00:50:31.360 --> 00:50:34.159
<v Speaker 2>response is going and if governmental organizations are doing with

839
00:50:34.199 --> 00:50:34.480
<v Speaker 2>they can.

840
00:50:35.039 --> 00:50:39.599
<v Speaker 4>However, so the media loves to cover a disaster during

841
00:50:39.639 --> 00:50:43.800
<v Speaker 4>the response and then they go away, and so local

842
00:50:43.920 --> 00:50:48.800
<v Speaker 4>news outlets will obviously keep covering the recovery, but our

843
00:50:48.880 --> 00:50:52.880
<v Speaker 4>local news media has taken a hit, and so we

844
00:50:52.960 --> 00:50:56.960
<v Speaker 4>really need those national news outlets to be covering those

845
00:50:57.039 --> 00:51:00.639
<v Speaker 4>recoveries into the long term. And it's difficult for them

846
00:51:00.719 --> 00:51:04.079
<v Speaker 4>to do, and it's difficult to capture people's interests and attention,

847
00:51:04.239 --> 00:51:07.960
<v Speaker 4>but it is so important because as a recovery goes

848
00:51:07.960 --> 00:51:11.400
<v Speaker 4>on for years and years and years, that community needs money.

849
00:51:11.440 --> 00:51:16.280
<v Speaker 4>They need that political pressure to again hold government accountable for,

850
00:51:17.079 --> 00:51:19.119
<v Speaker 4>you know, giving the money that they've said that they're

851
00:51:19.159 --> 00:51:21.079
<v Speaker 4>going to give and to do the projects that they've

852
00:51:21.119 --> 00:51:22.239
<v Speaker 4>said they're going to do.

853
00:51:23.000 --> 00:51:27.599
<v Speaker 2>And when you're teaching, what are your courses focused on

854
00:51:27.840 --> 00:51:31.320
<v Speaker 2>how where do you even begin to look at this?

855
00:51:32.079 --> 00:51:36.360
<v Speaker 4>So for our undergrads, they start out with like an

856
00:51:36.400 --> 00:51:39.880
<v Speaker 4>intro to disaster class where we just kind of give

857
00:51:39.920 --> 00:51:43.440
<v Speaker 4>an overview of everything, and then they take one class

858
00:51:43.440 --> 00:51:47.679
<v Speaker 4>for each of the four phases Recovery, response, preparedness, and mitigation.

859
00:51:48.280 --> 00:51:50.800
<v Speaker 3>They take like a social vulnerability class.

860
00:51:50.960 --> 00:51:55.079
<v Speaker 4>They take a planning class, they take international emergency management,

861
00:51:55.199 --> 00:51:56.800
<v Speaker 4>so all different classes.

862
00:51:57.159 --> 00:52:03.039
<v Speaker 2>How do you yourself kind of keep mentally healthy despite

863
00:52:03.480 --> 00:52:06.519
<v Speaker 2>maybe seeing some stuff that is difficult.

864
00:52:07.119 --> 00:52:09.119
<v Speaker 3>Well, I compartmentalize.

865
00:52:09.320 --> 00:52:13.679
<v Speaker 4>Okay, they don't necessarily know that that's a healthy approach,

866
00:52:13.800 --> 00:52:15.239
<v Speaker 4>but that's what we've been doing.

867
00:52:16.880 --> 00:52:20.119
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, yeah, you just shut that off. Put a

868
00:52:20.119 --> 00:52:20.639
<v Speaker 2>little box.

869
00:52:20.760 --> 00:52:20.960
<v Speaker 3>Yep.

870
00:52:23.159 --> 00:52:25.039
<v Speaker 2>The fire Festival doc. Did you see it?

871
00:52:25.119 --> 00:52:28.760
<v Speaker 3>I did well to go to the fire festival.

872
00:52:29.079 --> 00:52:32.360
<v Speaker 2>Could be amazing, could be a disaster island get away,

873
00:52:32.360 --> 00:52:33.880
<v Speaker 2>turned disaster.

874
00:52:33.719 --> 00:52:35.840
<v Speaker 3>Nightmare and paradise. There was no music.

875
00:52:36.000 --> 00:52:36.800
<v Speaker 1>They were put into.

876
00:52:36.639 --> 00:52:37.840
<v Speaker 3>Disaster relief tents.

877
00:52:38.000 --> 00:52:39.719
<v Speaker 2>How'd you feel about the FEMA tents?

878
00:52:40.199 --> 00:52:41.719
<v Speaker 3>And one a nightmare?

879
00:52:42.400 --> 00:52:47.760
<v Speaker 4>So yeah, I saw a picture of the tents. I

880
00:52:47.840 --> 00:52:50.480
<v Speaker 4>maybe it was even before the documentaries came out, I

881
00:52:50.480 --> 00:52:51.760
<v Speaker 4>don't know, but I saw them and I.

882
00:52:51.760 --> 00:52:55.280
<v Speaker 3>Was like gosh, this looks so familiar to me. Where

883
00:52:55.400 --> 00:52:56.880
<v Speaker 3>have I seen those before?

884
00:52:57.480 --> 00:53:00.239
<v Speaker 4>And I all of a sudden I realized and I

885
00:53:00.280 --> 00:53:02.719
<v Speaker 4>was like, oh, no, no, no.

886
00:53:05.159 --> 00:53:08.159
<v Speaker 2>When I watched that documentary, I was like, there must

887
00:53:08.199 --> 00:53:11.320
<v Speaker 2>be people in emergency management just losing their.

888
00:53:11.159 --> 00:53:15.480
<v Speaker 3>Shit right now, I mean wild.

889
00:53:15.360 --> 00:53:21.440
<v Speaker 2>I know what a vaca, a beach safari, I know seriously,

890
00:53:22.719 --> 00:53:25.679
<v Speaker 2>disaster movies, yes, talk about them. You got a favorite.

891
00:53:27.880 --> 00:53:30.199
<v Speaker 4>Let me start by saying this, I hate all Hollywood

892
00:53:30.239 --> 00:53:33.760
<v Speaker 4>disaster movies. The one disaster movie that I like is

893
00:53:33.840 --> 00:53:36.559
<v Speaker 4>Beast of the Southern Wild. It's not perfect, there are

894
00:53:36.639 --> 00:53:39.760
<v Speaker 4>some issues, but I think that's the best one.

895
00:53:40.119 --> 00:53:41.320
<v Speaker 2>You think it's the most well done?

896
00:53:42.000 --> 00:53:42.199
<v Speaker 3>Yes.

897
00:53:43.199 --> 00:53:45.199
<v Speaker 2>Side note, I have not yet seen Bisa of the

898
00:53:45.280 --> 00:53:48.119
<v Speaker 2>Southern Wild, but according to the YouTube link for the trailer,

899
00:53:48.320 --> 00:53:51.599
<v Speaker 2>it's set in a forgotten but defiant bayou community cut

900
00:53:51.639 --> 00:53:54.000
<v Speaker 2>off from the rest of the world by a sprawling levee.

901
00:53:54.320 --> 00:53:57.599
<v Speaker 2>A six year old girl named Hushpuppy's life is changed

902
00:53:57.800 --> 00:54:00.920
<v Speaker 2>by a fierce storm, and this tiny must learn to

903
00:54:01.000 --> 00:54:05.400
<v Speaker 2>survive unstoppable catastrophes of epic proportions. So now I very

904
00:54:05.440 --> 00:54:08.280
<v Speaker 2>much want to watch it, But there's one disaster movie

905
00:54:08.400 --> 00:54:11.360
<v Speaker 2>I watched in the theater with two of my girlfriends

906
00:54:11.639 --> 00:54:15.400
<v Speaker 2>while drinking Concession stand white wine, and I don't need

907
00:54:15.480 --> 00:54:17.960
<v Speaker 2>to see that one again. So you haven't seen like

908
00:54:18.280 --> 00:54:19.480
<v Speaker 2>san Andreas with the Rock?

909
00:54:19.519 --> 00:54:21.880
<v Speaker 3>Oh, I mean I've seen them. My hate watch them.

910
00:54:22.000 --> 00:54:25.119
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, did you see sant Andreas with the Rock?

911
00:54:25.199 --> 00:54:28.119
<v Speaker 3>Yes? I did. We're gonna make it, We're gonna make it.

912
00:54:28.239 --> 00:54:30.400
<v Speaker 2>And I was just like, is he surfing on a

913
00:54:30.519 --> 00:54:31.079
<v Speaker 2>tidal wave?

914
00:54:31.360 --> 00:54:31.400
<v Speaker 3>Like?

915
00:54:32.119 --> 00:54:33.920
<v Speaker 2>Why is there an American flag at the end, it

916
00:54:33.960 --> 00:54:37.800
<v Speaker 2>was Yeah, it's pretty bad. What do Hollywood disaster movies

917
00:54:37.840 --> 00:54:39.199
<v Speaker 2>get wrong? Other than everything?

918
00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:45.880
<v Speaker 4>So, uh, probably the biggest issue is that they perpetuate

919
00:54:46.000 --> 00:54:48.519
<v Speaker 4>what we call the disaster myths m hm.

920
00:54:49.039 --> 00:54:52.320
<v Speaker 3>So there are a series of myths about human behavior

921
00:54:52.840 --> 00:54:55.159
<v Speaker 3>that will not go away.

922
00:54:55.880 --> 00:54:58.360
<v Speaker 2>Boy howdy buckle up for flimflam.

923
00:54:58.320 --> 00:55:00.920
<v Speaker 3>And Hollywood movie perpetuate them.

924
00:55:01.679 --> 00:55:06.119
<v Speaker 4>So there is this myth that people panic during disaster,

925
00:55:06.360 --> 00:55:09.400
<v Speaker 4>that it's like mass chaos and everybody's running around not

926
00:55:09.559 --> 00:55:10.119
<v Speaker 4>knowing what to.

927
00:55:10.239 --> 00:55:14.880
<v Speaker 3>Do, when in fact, people actually are quite calm.

928
00:55:15.159 --> 00:55:19.280
<v Speaker 4>They make rational decisions based on the information that they

929
00:55:19.880 --> 00:55:23.519
<v Speaker 4>have gathered around them, They help one another, they're pro social.

930
00:55:23.679 --> 00:55:26.840
<v Speaker 4>Going back to that paradise built in hell idea and

931
00:55:26.960 --> 00:55:30.199
<v Speaker 4>that they all work together. Related to this is like

932
00:55:30.280 --> 00:55:34.360
<v Speaker 4>this myth that there's rampant looting during disasters.

933
00:55:34.079 --> 00:55:39.480
<v Speaker 3>Stores looted, people stampeded, not does not happen. Research is

934
00:55:39.559 --> 00:55:40.679
<v Speaker 3>like very clear on this.

935
00:55:41.760 --> 00:55:44.840
<v Speaker 4>And so all of those Hollywood disaster movies, everybody's looting,

936
00:55:44.960 --> 00:55:49.280
<v Speaker 4>everybody's running around panicked, freaking out, and.

937
00:55:49.360 --> 00:55:54.880
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, that's the but there's usually a white heterosexual

938
00:55:54.960 --> 00:55:59.119
<v Speaker 2>male that fixes things. So yes, of course, and then

939
00:55:59.159 --> 00:56:00.519
<v Speaker 2>he always gets right at the end.

940
00:56:01.039 --> 00:56:01.719
<v Speaker 3>It's amazing.

941
00:56:02.119 --> 00:56:04.280
<v Speaker 2>Now, what do you do or how do you approach

942
00:56:04.360 --> 00:56:08.159
<v Speaker 2>people who won't leave their houses? And I'm talking about

943
00:56:08.199 --> 00:56:12.880
<v Speaker 2>my parents specifically, Nancy Larry. My parents are very smart

944
00:56:13.159 --> 00:56:16.719
<v Speaker 2>but also stubborn, and historically it had been hard to

945
00:56:16.760 --> 00:56:19.559
<v Speaker 2>get them to leave when a storm was headed their way.

946
00:56:20.119 --> 00:56:22.840
<v Speaker 2>How do you how do you approach those How do

947
00:56:22.920 --> 00:56:25.360
<v Speaker 2>you get people to leave for their own safety?

948
00:56:25.679 --> 00:56:30.519
<v Speaker 4>Sure, so a couple different issues here depending on this situation.

949
00:56:30.719 --> 00:56:34.440
<v Speaker 4>The first is if they are like physically, financial, et cetera,

950
00:56:34.559 --> 00:56:39.000
<v Speaker 4>able to actually leave once you've addressed like all of

951
00:56:39.119 --> 00:56:44.840
<v Speaker 4>those issues, and it's just somebody being stubborn, My go

952
00:56:45.039 --> 00:56:47.800
<v Speaker 4>to is to tell them to write their social Security

953
00:56:47.920 --> 00:56:50.599
<v Speaker 4>number on their arm in permanent markers so their body

954
00:56:50.679 --> 00:56:51.639
<v Speaker 4>can be identified.

955
00:56:51.880 --> 00:56:56.920
<v Speaker 3>Oh yeah, it's tough, but hey that's.

956
00:56:56.760 --> 00:56:57.199
<v Speaker 2>A good one.

957
00:56:57.480 --> 00:56:57.719
<v Speaker 5>Yeah.

958
00:56:58.320 --> 00:57:00.559
<v Speaker 2>What happens when you tell people that? Are they like, okay,

959
00:57:00.559 --> 00:57:00.920
<v Speaker 2>I'm coming.

960
00:57:01.760 --> 00:57:06.679
<v Speaker 3>Yeah there you you get a reaction? Yeah?

961
00:57:07.519 --> 00:57:09.440
<v Speaker 2>Is that smart to do in any emergency just in

962
00:57:09.559 --> 00:57:11.880
<v Speaker 2>case to write your number? Yeah?

963
00:57:12.760 --> 00:57:13.519
<v Speaker 3>I mean you could.

964
00:57:13.719 --> 00:57:15.159
<v Speaker 2>You couldn't hurt.

965
00:57:16.000 --> 00:57:16.239
<v Speaker 3>Sure.

966
00:57:17.000 --> 00:57:20.880
<v Speaker 2>And let's talk about what's in your trunk? Does your

967
00:57:20.920 --> 00:57:22.519
<v Speaker 2>car have an emergency kit in it? Are you the

968
00:57:22.599 --> 00:57:25.119
<v Speaker 2>most prepared person ever? Or you like when it comes

969
00:57:25.159 --> 00:57:25.559
<v Speaker 2>it comes?

970
00:57:26.719 --> 00:57:30.159
<v Speaker 3>I am embarrassingly unprepared most of the time.

971
00:57:30.519 --> 00:57:32.880
<v Speaker 2>Really, you don't have like a month of live water

972
00:57:32.960 --> 00:57:35.719
<v Speaker 2>in your trunk and a flair No, certainly not.

973
00:57:36.039 --> 00:57:41.840
<v Speaker 3>Well, it depends on where I am at any given moment. Like, technically,

974
00:57:41.880 --> 00:57:45.000
<v Speaker 3>you're supposed to have like a preparedness kit in your office.

975
00:57:45.639 --> 00:57:48.920
<v Speaker 3>I do not have that at all. I mean I

976
00:57:49.000 --> 00:57:53.320
<v Speaker 3>have like a preparedness kit at home, but I don't

977
00:57:53.400 --> 00:57:55.840
<v Speaker 3>pay a ton of attention to it, which is a problem.

978
00:57:55.840 --> 00:57:59.239
<v Speaker 3>That's bad. I should do that. I am like setting

979
00:57:59.239 --> 00:58:01.639
<v Speaker 3>a very bad example. I learned it by watching you.

980
00:58:02.199 --> 00:58:10.280
<v Speaker 3>The thing is, it really depends on your situation. So I.

981
00:58:12.679 --> 00:58:15.760
<v Speaker 4>So just the fact of like having a preparedness kit

982
00:58:15.960 --> 00:58:19.519
<v Speaker 4>does not necessarily mean that you are prepared for a disaster, Like,

983
00:58:19.599 --> 00:58:22.239
<v Speaker 4>there are some things in there that could be useful

984
00:58:22.320 --> 00:58:23.840
<v Speaker 4>to you when a disaster happens.

985
00:58:24.280 --> 00:58:26.559
<v Speaker 3>But preparedness is much much more than that.

986
00:58:26.880 --> 00:58:31.079
<v Speaker 4>It's also your social network and your like knowledge of

987
00:58:31.159 --> 00:58:35.519
<v Speaker 4>disasters and hazards, and that your local knowledge of your community.

988
00:58:35.639 --> 00:58:39.159
<v Speaker 4>All of those things are kind of just as important

989
00:58:39.239 --> 00:58:42.840
<v Speaker 4>in different ways for actually having like the physical items

990
00:58:42.880 --> 00:58:46.280
<v Speaker 4>stockpiled in your house. So again, you should like absolutely

991
00:58:46.480 --> 00:58:49.239
<v Speaker 4>have a three day supply of water in your house,

992
00:58:49.280 --> 00:58:54.519
<v Speaker 4>which I do. But you know, preparedness is more than

993
00:58:54.679 --> 00:58:54.920
<v Speaker 4>just that.

994
00:58:55.800 --> 00:58:58.920
<v Speaker 2>Do you ever watch Doomsday Preppers? Yes? I have are.

995
00:58:59.039 --> 00:59:00.960
<v Speaker 2>Do you watch it like you guys know what's up?

996
00:59:01.079 --> 00:59:02.360
<v Speaker 2>Or do you watch it and you say you've wasted

997
00:59:02.400 --> 00:59:03.639
<v Speaker 2>so much dehydrated corn?

998
00:59:04.840 --> 00:59:07.840
<v Speaker 4>Yeah? Look, my biggest issue with that show is that

999
00:59:08.159 --> 00:59:12.199
<v Speaker 4>they pick one hazard to obsess over and prepare for,

1000
00:59:12.800 --> 00:59:15.840
<v Speaker 4>which like is fine, but it's usually not the hazard

1001
00:59:15.920 --> 00:59:19.519
<v Speaker 4>that they're most at risk for. There was one episode

1002
00:59:19.840 --> 00:59:25.519
<v Speaker 4>many years ago where they were preparing for like an

1003
00:59:25.639 --> 00:59:29.280
<v Speaker 4>economic collapse or something I think, and so they had

1004
00:59:29.400 --> 00:59:30.639
<v Speaker 4>all of this stuff stockpile.

1005
00:59:30.719 --> 00:59:32.119
<v Speaker 3>They had like a million.

1006
00:59:31.920 --> 00:59:34.119
<v Speaker 4>Guns in their house and I think they're like bars

1007
00:59:34.159 --> 00:59:38.039
<v Speaker 4>of gold or something. And then a wildfire happened and

1008
00:59:38.079 --> 00:59:41.119
<v Speaker 4>they had to evacuate their house on the show in

1009
00:59:41.159 --> 00:59:44.280
<v Speaker 4>the middle of the episode, and not like the things

1010
00:59:44.320 --> 00:59:48.920
<v Speaker 4>they had done to prepare were not useful in this situation.

1011
00:59:49.960 --> 00:59:51.719
<v Speaker 2>And that's why I'm a prepper, and that's why I'm

1012
00:59:51.760 --> 00:59:54.840
<v Speaker 2>a prepper. And that's why I am a prepper.

1013
00:59:55.119 --> 00:59:57.639
<v Speaker 4>And so this is what I'm saying, like, we need

1014
00:59:57.760 --> 01:00:00.800
<v Speaker 4>to take this broader view of preparedness. Right, there are

1015
01:00:01.079 --> 01:00:04.079
<v Speaker 4>some things that will help you in multiple hazards, right,

1016
01:00:04.159 --> 01:00:06.320
<v Speaker 4>Like having extra food and water in your house is

1017
01:00:06.400 --> 01:00:08.679
<v Speaker 4>like generally a good thing to do that'll help you

1018
01:00:08.880 --> 01:00:11.880
<v Speaker 4>in any situation in which you have to shelter in place.

1019
01:00:12.199 --> 01:00:15.800
<v Speaker 4>But to also kind of be thinking about how different

1020
01:00:17.760 --> 01:00:20.880
<v Speaker 4>different things are useful depending on what the situation is.

1021
01:00:21.360 --> 01:00:26.239
<v Speaker 2>A wheelbarrow full of gold ingots during a wildfire so helpful,

1022
01:00:26.679 --> 01:00:29.519
<v Speaker 2>just the worst. Can I ask you questions from listeners?

1023
01:00:29.639 --> 01:00:29.880
<v Speaker 3>Sure?

1024
01:00:30.039 --> 01:00:33.119
<v Speaker 2>Okay, okay, but before we get to patron questions, a

1025
01:00:33.159 --> 01:00:36.199
<v Speaker 2>few words about sponsors of the show. But before that,

1026
01:00:36.800 --> 01:00:39.719
<v Speaker 2>these sponsors make it possible to make a donation to

1027
01:00:39.880 --> 01:00:42.639
<v Speaker 2>a cause of the ologe's choosing. And this week doctor

1028
01:00:42.679 --> 01:00:46.400
<v Speaker 2>Samantha Montano shows the Bill Anderson Fund and Bill Anderson

1029
01:00:46.519 --> 01:00:49.480
<v Speaker 2>was a scholar and a disaster specialist, and the Bill

1030
01:00:49.559 --> 01:00:53.880
<v Speaker 2>Anderson's Fund's mission statement reads, African American and other minority

1031
01:00:53.920 --> 01:00:58.559
<v Speaker 2>representation in hazard and disaster mitigation is very important. Research

1032
01:00:58.599 --> 01:01:02.880
<v Speaker 2>has shown that racial and ethnic minorities often have increased

1033
01:01:02.960 --> 01:01:07.039
<v Speaker 2>difficulty evacuating prior to a crisis and are more likely

1034
01:01:07.119 --> 01:01:12.519
<v Speaker 2>to experience disproportionate physical and financial loss during disasters. Our

1035
01:01:12.559 --> 01:01:15.280
<v Speaker 2>focus now is on students who are already enrolled in

1036
01:01:15.360 --> 01:01:17.960
<v Speaker 2>graduate school. So a donation will go to the Bill

1037
01:01:18.039 --> 01:01:21.639
<v Speaker 2>Andersonfund dot org. And now some words about sponsors making

1038
01:01:21.679 --> 01:01:27.559
<v Speaker 2>that happen. Okay, your disaster questions. Anna Thompson wants to

1039
01:01:27.639 --> 01:01:29.960
<v Speaker 2>know who establishes what is a disaster?

1040
01:01:30.159 --> 01:01:31.159
<v Speaker 1>What is just bad?

1041
01:01:33.639 --> 01:01:38.519
<v Speaker 4>So this ties back into the presidential disaster declarations. So

1042
01:01:39.960 --> 01:01:45.079
<v Speaker 4>in the US, if an event has that disaster declaration,

1043
01:01:45.360 --> 01:01:46.960
<v Speaker 4>then we consider it a disaster.

1044
01:01:48.320 --> 01:01:51.360
<v Speaker 3>That's like problematic in a few ways that are pretty obvious.

1045
01:01:51.519 --> 01:01:53.599
<v Speaker 2>What if someone's like, who is a real disaster and

1046
01:01:53.679 --> 01:01:56.639
<v Speaker 2>you're like, not yet, it's not official yet. You have

1047
01:01:56.760 --> 01:01:57.800
<v Speaker 2>to wait before you can call that.

1048
01:01:58.679 --> 01:02:01.079
<v Speaker 3>Well, I mean I might tell and that on Twitter, but.

1049
01:02:03.079 --> 01:02:05.599
<v Speaker 2>It's like announcing a bregancy, not until we get the

1050
01:02:05.760 --> 01:02:11.440
<v Speaker 2>flyover question. So, how does the president declare something a disaster? Okay, well,

1051
01:02:11.719 --> 01:02:15.440
<v Speaker 2>the government of the state or the Indian tribal government

1052
01:02:15.599 --> 01:02:19.159
<v Speaker 2>has to request that something be declared an emergency or

1053
01:02:19.199 --> 01:02:23.039
<v Speaker 2>disaster and that it's exceeded their resources. They're like, this

1054
01:02:23.239 --> 01:02:26.199
<v Speaker 2>is above our pay grade, dude. And according to FEMA

1055
01:02:26.320 --> 01:02:29.000
<v Speaker 2>dot gov, the president can declare a major disaster for

1056
01:02:29.119 --> 01:02:34.559
<v Speaker 2>any natural event, including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind,

1057
01:02:34.679 --> 01:02:40.480
<v Speaker 2>driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mud slide, snowstorm,

1058
01:02:40.559 --> 01:02:44.679
<v Speaker 2>or drought, or regardless of cause, fire, flood, or explosion

1059
01:02:44.920 --> 01:02:48.400
<v Speaker 2>that the President determines has caused damage of such severity

1060
01:02:48.920 --> 01:02:52.440
<v Speaker 2>that it is beyond the combined capabilities of state and

1061
01:02:52.559 --> 01:02:56.440
<v Speaker 2>local governments to respond. So I guess this is where

1062
01:02:56.800 --> 01:02:59.599
<v Speaker 2>the presidential helicopter tour comes in and he's like, oh, yeah,

1063
01:02:59.639 --> 01:03:02.960
<v Speaker 2>who this sucks now. The next question was also asked

1064
01:03:03.000 --> 01:03:07.480
<v Speaker 2>by Lacy Gilbert and Steve kouasak Anna Thompson also asked

1065
01:03:07.559 --> 01:03:09.880
<v Speaker 2>who determines the levels for things like one hundred year

1066
01:03:09.920 --> 01:03:12.679
<v Speaker 2>floods or hundred year storms. How are people going about

1067
01:03:12.760 --> 01:03:15.000
<v Speaker 2>reclassifying them since they're happening more frequently.

1068
01:03:15.559 --> 01:03:19.639
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, So this is a huge, huge, huge problem, not

1069
01:03:19.800 --> 01:03:22.239
<v Speaker 4>only in the US, Canada is going through it to

1070
01:03:22.440 --> 01:03:27.559
<v Speaker 4>right now other countries as well. So the way I'm

1071
01:03:27.800 --> 01:03:30.440
<v Speaker 4>going to simplify this, but the way that we usually

1072
01:03:30.559 --> 01:03:34.559
<v Speaker 4>talk about like one hundred year of floodplains has been based.

1073
01:03:35.760 --> 01:03:41.599
<v Speaker 3>On like historical records and based on whatever.

1074
01:03:41.280 --> 01:03:44.559
<v Speaker 4>That community looked like at the time that they drew

1075
01:03:44.679 --> 01:03:48.360
<v Speaker 4>the flood maps for that community. Of course, communities are

1076
01:03:48.480 --> 01:03:52.119
<v Speaker 4>constantly changing. Anytime you go cut down a bunch of

1077
01:03:52.199 --> 01:03:57.079
<v Speaker 4>trees and put pavement down, you have changed the flood

1078
01:03:57.199 --> 01:04:01.159
<v Speaker 4>risk in that area, and in the past, our maps

1079
01:04:01.199 --> 01:04:06.559
<v Speaker 4>haven't accounted for those changes. This is all like very complicated,

1080
01:04:07.000 --> 01:04:11.480
<v Speaker 4>and this is a problem one because people may not

1081
01:04:11.719 --> 01:04:15.119
<v Speaker 4>know that they are in a flood or they may

1082
01:04:15.199 --> 01:04:19.039
<v Speaker 4>not know what their flood risk is. It has implications

1083
01:04:19.079 --> 01:04:22.440
<v Speaker 4>for flood insurance and who needs to be covered by

1084
01:04:22.480 --> 01:04:26.760
<v Speaker 4>flood insurance. It influences all of the flood infrastructure that

1085
01:04:26.800 --> 01:04:29.920
<v Speaker 4>we build in a community. This is complicated to do

1086
01:04:30.199 --> 01:04:33.639
<v Speaker 4>across the entire country with everything changing all the time,

1087
01:04:34.000 --> 01:04:36.360
<v Speaker 4>and then you add climate change to it, which is

1088
01:04:36.519 --> 01:04:41.000
<v Speaker 4>changing the actual hazards, and you just like get this

1089
01:04:41.159 --> 01:04:47.000
<v Speaker 4>big mess. And so currently FEMA has a flood mapping

1090
01:04:47.159 --> 01:04:51.920
<v Speaker 4>program connected to the National Flood Insurance Program. They are

1091
01:04:52.159 --> 01:04:53.800
<v Speaker 4>constantly making changes, but.

1092
01:04:53.840 --> 01:04:58.000
<v Speaker 3>It's kind of like an evolving policy nightmare all the time.

1093
01:04:58.880 --> 01:05:00.440
<v Speaker 2>And now are they going to have to go up

1094
01:05:00.519 --> 01:05:02.480
<v Speaker 2>in category numbers for hurricanes at all?

1095
01:05:03.960 --> 01:05:06.280
<v Speaker 3>You're gonna have to talk to the meteorologists about it.

1096
01:05:06.280 --> 01:05:09.840
<v Speaker 2>Okay, I will I haven't done meteorology yet. Yeah, I

1097
01:05:09.880 --> 01:05:13.119
<v Speaker 2>don't mind if I do. Mary rose By first time

1098
01:05:13.239 --> 01:05:17.920
<v Speaker 2>question asker asked how has social media changed disasters? Okay,

1099
01:05:18.000 --> 01:05:20.679
<v Speaker 2>this social media question was also asked by Sydney Brown

1100
01:05:21.000 --> 01:05:23.840
<v Speaker 2>and Isabelle b Holper. You know she's thinking about things

1101
01:05:23.960 --> 01:05:26.960
<v Speaker 2>like the Facebook option to mark yourself safe when there's

1102
01:05:26.960 --> 01:05:30.400
<v Speaker 2>a flood, or how has increased communication helped or hindered it.

1103
01:05:30.800 --> 01:05:34.199
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, so generally they are helpful.

1104
01:05:35.159 --> 01:05:38.000
<v Speaker 4>They do a lot of things like help us send

1105
01:05:38.039 --> 01:05:41.840
<v Speaker 4>out warnings, help communicate and keep people more up to

1106
01:05:41.960 --> 01:05:45.519
<v Speaker 4>date in terms of like official responses.

1107
01:05:46.159 --> 01:05:50.480
<v Speaker 3>But it's also useful to be able to have all

1108
01:05:50.519 --> 01:05:50.880
<v Speaker 3>of your.

1109
01:05:50.800 --> 01:05:53.679
<v Speaker 4>Neighbors on Facebook, and to have a Facebook group about

1110
01:05:53.719 --> 01:05:56.360
<v Speaker 4>your neighborhood. If you're evacuated from your house, as people are,

1111
01:05:56.760 --> 01:05:58.960
<v Speaker 4>you know, finding out information here and there, you have

1112
01:05:59.320 --> 01:06:01.480
<v Speaker 4>a place to kind of share all of that information.

1113
01:06:01.880 --> 01:06:03.679
<v Speaker 4>So they're also useful in that way when you get

1114
01:06:03.719 --> 01:06:07.159
<v Speaker 4>into the recovery, every community that has a disaster at

1115
01:06:07.199 --> 01:06:09.280
<v Speaker 4>this point has some kind of like Facebook group where

1116
01:06:09.320 --> 01:06:12.559
<v Speaker 4>people are sharing resources and talking about the recovery.

1117
01:06:12.920 --> 01:06:17.000
<v Speaker 3>It's useful for being able to gather donations.

1118
01:06:17.360 --> 01:06:20.440
<v Speaker 4>It's helpful in terms of people being able to see

1119
01:06:20.599 --> 01:06:23.679
<v Speaker 4>the damage and like kind of wrap their heads around.

1120
01:06:23.519 --> 01:06:24.239
<v Speaker 3>What has happened.

1121
01:06:24.599 --> 01:06:26.960
<v Speaker 4>So it's useful in all these different ways. Search and

1122
01:06:27.079 --> 01:06:30.360
<v Speaker 4>rescue also really useful. There are a lot of documented

1123
01:06:30.440 --> 01:06:33.760
<v Speaker 4>cases of people posting online saying I need a rescue.

1124
01:06:34.000 --> 01:06:36.360
<v Speaker 4>My phone won't dial out, but I can post here.

1125
01:06:36.800 --> 01:06:39.960
<v Speaker 4>There are obviously issues in terms of barriers in terms

1126
01:06:40.000 --> 01:06:43.039
<v Speaker 4>of who has access to social media. Of course, your

1127
01:06:43.159 --> 01:06:46.320
<v Speaker 4>phone needs to be charged and like working in the

1128
01:06:46.400 --> 01:06:49.760
<v Speaker 4>midst of a disaster for it to be useful, But

1129
01:06:50.000 --> 01:06:52.599
<v Speaker 4>generally I would say they're a positive contribution.

1130
01:06:53.320 --> 01:06:57.280
<v Speaker 2>Rachel wants to know how would we recover from nuclear fallout?

1131
01:06:57.920 --> 01:06:59.519
<v Speaker 2>So that's a pretty simple, easy question.

1132
01:07:00.440 --> 01:07:04.199
<v Speaker 3>I would move to another country. I'm kidding.

1133
01:07:04.519 --> 01:07:05.599
<v Speaker 2>Is there a real answer to this?

1134
01:07:22.840 --> 01:07:26.039
<v Speaker 4>Well, first of all, I mean there's like the contamination zone,

1135
01:07:26.039 --> 01:07:27.559
<v Speaker 4>which then you just leave.

1136
01:07:28.480 --> 01:07:32.320
<v Speaker 3>But past that, I mean you would have to basically.

1137
01:07:32.039 --> 01:07:35.599
<v Speaker 4>You're dealing with like internally displaced people's situation then, so

1138
01:07:35.719 --> 01:07:38.280
<v Speaker 4>you're finding new places for people to live, and then

1139
01:07:38.800 --> 01:07:41.960
<v Speaker 4>past that, the recovery actually looks like pretty similar to

1140
01:07:42.280 --> 01:07:44.920
<v Speaker 4>as it would from any other disaster where you have

1141
01:07:45.119 --> 01:07:47.519
<v Speaker 4>to completely leave and start over.

1142
01:07:47.760 --> 01:07:50.960
<v Speaker 2>Right, I mean, I think abandonment is pretty much they

1143
01:07:51.159 --> 01:07:53.559
<v Speaker 2>the name of the game, right, Yeah. Micah Eckert asks

1144
01:07:53.599 --> 01:07:56.320
<v Speaker 2>when disasters happened, what is the most helpful thing that

1145
01:07:56.360 --> 01:07:57.320
<v Speaker 2>people can do? In general?

1146
01:07:58.000 --> 01:08:00.440
<v Speaker 3>Donate money to local organizations.

1147
01:08:00.679 --> 01:08:02.440
<v Speaker 2>Sinney Brown wants to note what is the cost of

1148
01:08:02.599 --> 01:08:06.239
<v Speaker 2>disaster relief and how long does it actually take communities

1149
01:08:06.280 --> 01:08:06.840
<v Speaker 2>to rebound.

1150
01:08:08.559 --> 01:08:10.599
<v Speaker 4>It is a lot of money and it takes a

1151
01:08:10.760 --> 01:08:18.000
<v Speaker 4>very long time. It depends on the disaster. But I

1152
01:08:18.159 --> 01:08:21.439
<v Speaker 4>think in the past couple years, the US has had

1153
01:08:22.079 --> 01:08:25.399
<v Speaker 4>thirteen billion dollar disasters a year.

1154
01:08:25.720 --> 01:08:27.439
<v Speaker 3>You might need to fact check me on that number.

1155
01:08:28.000 --> 01:08:32.239
<v Speaker 2>Fact check this and it was fourteen very close fourteen

1156
01:08:32.399 --> 01:08:37.199
<v Speaker 2>different billion dollar plus disasters in twenty eighteen, killing at

1157
01:08:37.279 --> 01:08:40.600
<v Speaker 2>least two hundred and forty seven people and costing upwards

1158
01:08:40.680 --> 01:08:45.279
<v Speaker 2>of ninety billion dollars. Hurricane Michael did about twenty five

1159
01:08:45.399 --> 01:08:49.119
<v Speaker 2>billion in damages, Hurricane Florence was just under that a

1160
01:08:49.199 --> 01:08:52.760
<v Speaker 2>twenty four billion, and the California wildfires were also over

1161
01:08:52.960 --> 01:08:57.399
<v Speaker 2>twenty billion. So a chorus of experts and scientists have

1162
01:08:57.640 --> 01:09:01.479
<v Speaker 2>warned that these type of disasters are climate related. So

1163
01:09:02.159 --> 01:09:06.479
<v Speaker 2>unless things change with regard to global warming, the government

1164
01:09:06.600 --> 01:09:08.680
<v Speaker 2>will keep having to write these checks.

1165
01:09:08.960 --> 01:09:12.560
<v Speaker 4>And then that's just government. Businesses also donate money. There's

1166
01:09:12.720 --> 01:09:17.079
<v Speaker 4>nonprofits that are involved, Individuals are sending donations, foundations, et cetera.

1167
01:09:17.239 --> 01:09:20.840
<v Speaker 4>So there's a lot of money flying around, and we

1168
01:09:21.000 --> 01:09:23.880
<v Speaker 4>actually don't do a super great job of keeping track

1169
01:09:23.920 --> 01:09:26.960
<v Speaker 4>of all of that money. So yeah, it's difficult to

1170
01:09:28.520 --> 01:09:31.359
<v Speaker 4>keep track of all the different sources. And in terms

1171
01:09:31.439 --> 01:09:35.239
<v Speaker 4>of the length of recovery, it again depends on the

1172
01:09:35.560 --> 01:09:39.560
<v Speaker 4>resources you have access to and kind of how bad

1173
01:09:39.680 --> 01:09:44.279
<v Speaker 4>the damage that you've experienced is. So somebody who has

1174
01:09:44.319 --> 01:09:46.439
<v Speaker 4>a lot of money and a lot of resources can

1175
01:09:46.479 --> 01:09:51.359
<v Speaker 4>probably get through recovery somewhat quickly, whereas somebody who's you know,

1176
01:09:51.520 --> 01:09:54.680
<v Speaker 4>living paycheck to paycheck kind of gets thrown into this

1177
01:09:54.920 --> 01:09:58.760
<v Speaker 4>recovery system. To get a little bit of aid from government,

1178
01:09:59.279 --> 01:10:03.239
<v Speaker 4>to get at some support from nonprofits, they're reliant on

1179
01:10:03.359 --> 01:10:06.920
<v Speaker 4>their friends and families to help. You get really sucked

1180
01:10:07.000 --> 01:10:11.319
<v Speaker 4>into this cycle that can take many years if you

1181
01:10:11.399 --> 01:10:14.399
<v Speaker 4>know you ever get through it. There's no guarantee that

1182
01:10:14.800 --> 01:10:17.319
<v Speaker 4>you're going to recover from a disaster when it happens.

1183
01:10:17.920 --> 01:10:20.119
<v Speaker 2>A whole group of folks ask this next question, and

1184
01:10:20.239 --> 01:10:23.520
<v Speaker 2>they are Sydney Brown, Danny ce Ray, Kasha Deli Dames,

1185
01:10:23.720 --> 01:10:29.960
<v Speaker 2>Savannah Procop, Michelle Grondine, and Anna Elizabeth and a ton

1186
01:10:30.039 --> 01:10:33.319
<v Speaker 2>of people asked, what is the biggest disaster that scientists

1187
01:10:33.359 --> 01:10:35.640
<v Speaker 2>are anticipating? I mean, is it people running out of water?

1188
01:10:35.760 --> 01:10:40.039
<v Speaker 2>Is it super volcanoes, tectonic shifts, climate change, earthquakes, floods

1189
01:10:40.680 --> 01:10:41.079
<v Speaker 2>like all.

1190
01:10:41.039 --> 01:10:42.239
<v Speaker 3>Of the above, all of the above.

1191
01:10:42.479 --> 01:10:47.239
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean we're seeing more fires, We're seeing more hurricanes,

1192
01:10:47.279 --> 01:10:50.720
<v Speaker 2>more flooding. So obviously a drier climate and a winter

1193
01:10:50.800 --> 01:10:54.760
<v Speaker 2>climate depending on where you're at. Yes, so all of it, Yes,

1194
01:10:59.039 --> 01:11:02.079
<v Speaker 2>got it, just a more headway to the apocalyms it's great.

1195
01:11:03.960 --> 01:11:04.399
<v Speaker 3>Let's see.

1196
01:11:04.479 --> 01:11:08.039
<v Speaker 2>JSB says, I have seen various articles listing the US

1197
01:11:08.119 --> 01:11:12.600
<v Speaker 2>states least likely statistically to suffer a natural disaster. Do

1198
01:11:12.720 --> 01:11:15.920
<v Speaker 2>you think these have any basis in actual fact? And

1199
01:11:16.279 --> 01:11:17.479
<v Speaker 2>should I move to Ohio?

1200
01:11:20.960 --> 01:11:25.239
<v Speaker 4>Usually those types of maps are based off of which

1201
01:11:25.279 --> 01:11:29.640
<v Speaker 4>states have had presidential disaster declarations, so that's where they're

1202
01:11:29.760 --> 01:11:36.159
<v Speaker 4>getting those from. Usually, so yeah, sure, some states tend

1203
01:11:36.279 --> 01:11:40.079
<v Speaker 4>to have fewer disasters or less severe disasters than others,

1204
01:11:40.279 --> 01:11:44.840
<v Speaker 4>but again, changing climate, still some are safer than others.

1205
01:11:45.680 --> 01:11:49.600
<v Speaker 2>And Elizabeth Gable said, essentially, are there more disasters now

1206
01:11:50.079 --> 01:11:52.000
<v Speaker 2>or does it just seem like they're more disasters because

1207
01:11:52.000 --> 01:11:52.800
<v Speaker 2>we hear about them more.

1208
01:11:54.079 --> 01:11:59.199
<v Speaker 4>No, there are more disasters because there are more people

1209
01:11:59.399 --> 01:12:00.359
<v Speaker 4>to be in arms.

1210
01:12:00.600 --> 01:12:03.720
<v Speaker 2>Way, Oh, that does make sense. Yeah. We got a

1211
01:12:03.760 --> 01:12:08.880
<v Speaker 2>bunch of prepper questions from Savannah Procop, Kitty Halberson, Sydney B. Brendan, Dean,

1212
01:12:09.079 --> 01:12:14.319
<v Speaker 2>Claire Meyer, Ashley Theodora Visian, Jay Sarah Loquist first time

1213
01:12:14.399 --> 01:12:18.079
<v Speaker 2>question asker as well as another firster, JSP wants to

1214
01:12:18.159 --> 01:12:20.039
<v Speaker 2>know what are the skills it would be most useful

1215
01:12:20.079 --> 01:12:23.880
<v Speaker 2>in the aftermath of a disaster and says I'm skeptical

1216
01:12:23.960 --> 01:12:27.079
<v Speaker 2>of preppers with collections of guns and gold. But it

1217
01:12:27.119 --> 01:12:30.119
<v Speaker 2>would wouldn't be useful to know how to can food

1218
01:12:30.279 --> 01:12:31.640
<v Speaker 2>or sow or something.

1219
01:12:32.600 --> 01:12:34.199
<v Speaker 3>If it's like the apocalypse.

1220
01:12:34.439 --> 01:12:39.199
<v Speaker 4>Yes, okay, no, I mean generally in the United States,

1221
01:12:40.720 --> 01:12:43.680
<v Speaker 4>the most useful thing is to have a savings account

1222
01:12:43.720 --> 01:12:46.279
<v Speaker 4>with a lot of money in it, or a really

1223
01:12:46.319 --> 01:12:47.520
<v Speaker 4>good insurance policy.

1224
01:12:48.159 --> 01:12:49.960
<v Speaker 3>Has that like other skills to have.

1225
01:12:50.560 --> 01:12:52.720
<v Speaker 4>I mean, if your house is destroyed, having some kind

1226
01:12:52.720 --> 01:12:54.800
<v Speaker 4>of construction experience is useful.

1227
01:12:55.680 --> 01:12:59.319
<v Speaker 2>So maybe fewer guns, more hammers. Yeah, learn to cook

1228
01:12:59.359 --> 01:13:04.439
<v Speaker 2>a squirrel. Elizabeth Holper and a few other people, including

1229
01:13:05.000 --> 01:13:09.279
<v Speaker 2>Stephen Kerrison, asked is AM radio still a good source

1230
01:13:09.359 --> 01:13:12.159
<v Speaker 2>to get information during a disaster if a cell phone

1231
01:13:12.239 --> 01:13:14.720
<v Speaker 2>tower fails? And where's Ham radio?

1232
01:13:14.840 --> 01:13:15.239
<v Speaker 1>During all this?

1233
01:13:15.680 --> 01:13:16.840
<v Speaker 2>Is anyone using Ham radio?

1234
01:13:17.520 --> 01:13:18.359
<v Speaker 3>Yes? Really?

1235
01:13:18.680 --> 01:13:24.640
<v Speaker 4>Yes, Yes, those are good sources of information if you

1236
01:13:24.800 --> 01:13:27.640
<v Speaker 4>have access to those type of radios.

1237
01:13:28.319 --> 01:13:32.000
<v Speaker 2>Okay. Side note, there's a rumor that Paris Hilton is

1238
01:13:32.079 --> 01:13:35.159
<v Speaker 2>really into Ham radio and as a whole room full

1239
01:13:35.199 --> 01:13:39.359
<v Speaker 2>of vintage equipment. And even if this rumor is fake news,

1240
01:13:39.760 --> 01:13:42.079
<v Speaker 2>I want you to know that I would read fan

1241
01:13:42.159 --> 01:13:42.840
<v Speaker 2>fiction about it.

1242
01:13:43.319 --> 01:13:43.760
<v Speaker 3>That's hot.

1243
01:13:44.159 --> 01:13:47.399
<v Speaker 2>Also, this next question is from someone you know, but

1244
01:13:47.520 --> 01:13:51.960
<v Speaker 2>also from Sarah Terry, Canon Party, Heather Shaver, May Merrill,

1245
01:13:52.199 --> 01:13:56.760
<v Speaker 2>Lily Hill, and first time question asker Liz Powell. Side

1246
01:13:56.800 --> 01:13:59.760
<v Speaker 2>note question for me, how screwed are we with a

1247
01:13:59.800 --> 01:14:01.800
<v Speaker 2>big in California? Or do you guys out here even

1248
01:14:01.920 --> 01:14:04.359
<v Speaker 2>like checking it, like when it happens, it happens, or

1249
01:14:04.399 --> 01:14:05.960
<v Speaker 2>are we like TikTok it's happening.

1250
01:14:06.760 --> 01:14:09.319
<v Speaker 4>I mean, I can't predict earthquakes, but yes, it is

1251
01:14:09.399 --> 01:14:12.439
<v Speaker 4>something to be aware of and pay attention to.

1252
01:14:12.760 --> 01:14:13.039
<v Speaker 5>Okay.

1253
01:14:13.960 --> 01:14:19.000
<v Speaker 3>Also new Madrid though, what is that New Madrid? Oh?

1254
01:14:19.079 --> 01:14:19.560
<v Speaker 2>No, what's that?

1255
01:14:19.840 --> 01:14:21.640
<v Speaker 3>There's a fault line in the middle of the country.

1256
01:14:22.079 --> 01:14:24.960
<v Speaker 3>Where is it goes through Saint Louis?

1257
01:14:25.399 --> 01:14:25.600
<v Speaker 1>Oh?

1258
01:14:26.000 --> 01:14:26.680
<v Speaker 2>Keep joky?

1259
01:14:27.000 --> 01:14:29.960
<v Speaker 3>So okay, yeah, google that if you need something else

1260
01:14:30.039 --> 01:14:30.560
<v Speaker 3>to worry about.

1261
01:14:30.600 --> 01:14:33.760
<v Speaker 2>Oh I will, y'all, I check this out. And yes,

1262
01:14:34.239 --> 01:14:37.800
<v Speaker 2>in eighteen eleven and twelve there was a seven point

1263
01:14:37.960 --> 01:14:42.960
<v Speaker 2>nine earthquake followed by a seven point four aftershock. Those

1264
01:14:43.039 --> 01:14:49.079
<v Speaker 2>are huge Saint Louis floods and earthquakes and tornadoes. Man,

1265
01:14:49.159 --> 01:14:52.039
<v Speaker 2>it's a good thing. Y'all have toasted ravitiolis because that

1266
01:14:52.159 --> 01:14:56.279
<v Speaker 2>is some shit to deal with. Speaking of twisters, Leely

1267
01:14:56.359 --> 01:14:57.840
<v Speaker 2>Hill wants to know, is there something we can do

1268
01:14:58.000 --> 01:15:01.439
<v Speaker 2>to prepare for tornadoes? I lived in an earthquake zone

1269
01:15:01.479 --> 01:15:03.600
<v Speaker 2>when I was little, we stockpiled water, food, batteries in

1270
01:15:03.640 --> 01:15:05.119
<v Speaker 2>case there was an earthquake. But now living in a

1271
01:15:05.159 --> 01:15:07.680
<v Speaker 2>tornado alley as an adult, we don't do that, mostly

1272
01:15:07.760 --> 01:15:09.880
<v Speaker 2>just because a tornado would likely to suck up anything

1273
01:15:09.920 --> 01:15:13.520
<v Speaker 2>we stock piled and redistribute it to another town. So

1274
01:15:13.760 --> 01:15:14.840
<v Speaker 2>is there a way to prep.

1275
01:15:15.039 --> 01:15:20.920
<v Speaker 4>Yes, definitely, if you can have a tornado shelter put in,

1276
01:15:21.159 --> 01:15:23.000
<v Speaker 4>that would be the best thing to do.

1277
01:15:23.600 --> 01:15:26.239
<v Speaker 3>Depending on where you live.

1278
01:15:26.359 --> 01:15:30.119
<v Speaker 4>Sometimes there are like community shelters, like trailer parks will

1279
01:15:30.159 --> 01:15:33.960
<v Speaker 4>sometimes have like like a community tornado shelter, or you

1280
01:15:34.000 --> 01:15:37.359
<v Speaker 4>can have one in your house. Also making sure that

1281
01:15:37.600 --> 01:15:42.960
<v Speaker 4>you are tied into your community's warning systems so varies

1282
01:15:43.000 --> 01:15:44.800
<v Speaker 4>a little bit, but make sure you go onto like

1283
01:15:44.880 --> 01:15:49.000
<v Speaker 4>your city's website and usually there's some kind of like

1284
01:15:49.199 --> 01:15:52.760
<v Speaker 4>sign up for whatever their alert system is. And also

1285
01:15:52.880 --> 01:15:55.600
<v Speaker 4>just be aware if your town has tornado sirens like

1286
01:15:55.760 --> 01:15:57.239
<v Speaker 4>no to listen for those things.

1287
01:15:57.399 --> 01:16:00.520
<v Speaker 3>Like we do a monthly drill in Fargo, so people

1288
01:16:00.560 --> 01:16:02.199
<v Speaker 3>are like familiar with what it sounds like.

1289
01:16:02.359 --> 01:16:04.520
<v Speaker 2>Chrispher wants to know, not really question, but I would

1290
01:16:04.680 --> 01:16:07.439
<v Speaker 2>like it if she could speak about how severe PTSD

1291
01:16:07.640 --> 01:16:11.039
<v Speaker 2>can be in a survivor after experiencing a disaster. Do

1292
01:16:11.119 --> 01:16:13.479
<v Speaker 2>you see as part of people's recovery is dealing with

1293
01:16:13.600 --> 01:16:15.760
<v Speaker 2>the just the post traumatic stress of it.

1294
01:16:16.239 --> 01:16:20.000
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, so when we talk about recovery, we're including everything

1295
01:16:20.239 --> 01:16:25.479
<v Speaker 4>from like physical recovery, economic recovery, to mental health recovery

1296
01:16:25.600 --> 01:16:26.000
<v Speaker 4>as well.

1297
01:16:26.199 --> 01:16:27.159
<v Speaker 3>Again, it's going to vary.

1298
01:16:27.319 --> 01:16:30.600
<v Speaker 4>This is like one thing that we're becoming more cognizant

1299
01:16:30.640 --> 01:16:34.359
<v Speaker 4>of in the recovery process is accounting for mental health

1300
01:16:35.119 --> 01:16:36.960
<v Speaker 4>care throughout the event.

1301
01:16:37.560 --> 01:16:40.000
<v Speaker 2>This next question about asteroids was asked by Tyler Q

1302
01:16:40.880 --> 01:16:44.479
<v Speaker 2>and just Tyler Q. So I was mistaken. So Tyler Q,

1303
01:16:45.000 --> 01:16:47.640
<v Speaker 2>here you go, some people are asking about asteroids.

1304
01:16:48.880 --> 01:16:49.880
<v Speaker 3>We're screwed, man.

1305
01:16:49.960 --> 01:16:52.920
<v Speaker 2>That's that we're dinosaurs man. Lacy Gilbert wants to know

1306
01:16:53.039 --> 01:16:55.920
<v Speaker 2>how advanced are we in predicting natural disasters.

1307
01:16:56.800 --> 01:17:01.119
<v Speaker 3>It depends on the hazard. Doing pretty well.

1308
01:17:01.239 --> 01:17:05.000
<v Speaker 4>In terms of hurricanes, for example, if you compare now

1309
01:17:05.119 --> 01:17:08.600
<v Speaker 4>to the nineteen hundreds, we have come a very, very

1310
01:17:08.640 --> 01:17:11.600
<v Speaker 4>long way. It's one of the reasons that we've seen

1311
01:17:11.800 --> 01:17:16.159
<v Speaker 4>a decline in hurricane related deaths in the United States

1312
01:17:16.720 --> 01:17:20.880
<v Speaker 4>with a few exceptions, but then other hazards are more

1313
01:17:20.960 --> 01:17:25.000
<v Speaker 4>set and on set and are harder. Obviously, earthquake prediction

1314
01:17:25.319 --> 01:17:28.720
<v Speaker 4>is like a point of great focus and trying to

1315
01:17:28.840 --> 01:17:29.479
<v Speaker 4>figure that out.

1316
01:17:29.640 --> 01:17:33.199
<v Speaker 2>Seismologist doctor Lucy Jones, if you're out there, please talk

1317
01:17:33.239 --> 01:17:37.479
<v Speaker 2>to me. John Strowman asks how organize our response efforts

1318
01:17:37.520 --> 01:17:40.199
<v Speaker 2>in times of crises? Sometimes it seems like everything is

1319
01:17:40.199 --> 01:17:43.079
<v Speaker 2>a well oiled machine with multiple organizations working in tandem

1320
01:17:43.119 --> 01:17:45.800
<v Speaker 2>to fix broken lives. Other times it seems like a

1321
01:17:46.000 --> 01:17:49.720
<v Speaker 2>fully autonomous disaster in itself. So why is the management

1322
01:17:49.960 --> 01:17:52.000
<v Speaker 2>of a disaster also a disaster?

1323
01:17:52.520 --> 01:17:57.279
<v Speaker 3>That is a great assessment. Part of what people are

1324
01:17:57.399 --> 01:17:58.560
<v Speaker 3>kind of seeing when they.

1325
01:17:58.600 --> 01:18:02.920
<v Speaker 4>See that discrepancy is the difference between an emergency disaster

1326
01:18:03.000 --> 01:18:07.119
<v Speaker 4>and catastrophe. And once we get large scale disasters into catastrophes,

1327
01:18:07.199 --> 01:18:10.239
<v Speaker 4>that's where everything is just it seems like a shit show,

1328
01:18:10.960 --> 01:18:15.039
<v Speaker 4>particularly from the outside, and that's like part of what

1329
01:18:15.239 --> 01:18:18.039
<v Speaker 4>is making it a large scale disaster or catastrophe.

1330
01:18:19.439 --> 01:18:21.159
<v Speaker 2>It seems to me a lot of times when I

1331
01:18:21.279 --> 01:18:25.000
<v Speaker 2>see the aftermath of a disaster, it seems like water

1332
01:18:25.199 --> 01:18:28.079
<v Speaker 2>is one of the most critical things to be distributing.

1333
01:18:28.439 --> 01:18:32.039
<v Speaker 2>Is it difficult to truck in tons of palettes of

1334
01:18:32.079 --> 01:18:34.800
<v Speaker 2>bottles of water. Are there better ways to do that,

1335
01:18:35.000 --> 01:18:38.199
<v Speaker 2>like filling stations or I don't know, this is a

1336
01:18:38.319 --> 01:18:40.119
<v Speaker 2>super dumb question. I might totally cut it out, but

1337
01:18:40.159 --> 01:18:42.119
<v Speaker 2>it always just seems like how are they going to

1338
01:18:42.159 --> 01:18:44.199
<v Speaker 2>get all those bottles of water to people? And is

1339
01:18:44.239 --> 01:18:44.960
<v Speaker 2>there enough water?

1340
01:18:45.159 --> 01:18:45.800
<v Speaker 3>Sure? Sure?

1341
01:18:46.920 --> 01:18:48.880
<v Speaker 4>I hate to keep saying this, but it depends on

1342
01:18:48.960 --> 01:18:53.399
<v Speaker 4>the situation. So here's one way to think about this.

1343
01:18:54.000 --> 01:18:57.079
<v Speaker 4>So I talked before about convergence and how all these

1344
01:18:57.119 --> 01:19:00.359
<v Speaker 4>people come from the outside. In addition to people, there's

1345
01:19:00.359 --> 01:19:03.760
<v Speaker 4>also materials coming in from the outside, all different kinds

1346
01:19:03.800 --> 01:19:09.000
<v Speaker 4>of supplies. Some of those materials are like requested and

1347
01:19:09.199 --> 01:19:12.600
<v Speaker 4>planned for, right, So you'll have trucks coming in with.

1348
01:19:12.680 --> 01:19:17.640
<v Speaker 3>Water that someone somewhere has requested, and.

1349
01:19:17.720 --> 01:19:20.880
<v Speaker 4>They're coming in to some kind of distribution point that

1350
01:19:21.199 --> 01:19:24.560
<v Speaker 4>like generally is good and okay, fine, great.

1351
01:19:25.159 --> 01:19:28.079
<v Speaker 3>The problem starts to become when you have.

1352
01:19:28.439 --> 01:19:33.239
<v Speaker 4>Unrequested donations flooding into the community that's been through a disaster.

1353
01:19:33.760 --> 01:19:36.159
<v Speaker 4>So when people go to their closet and just like

1354
01:19:36.600 --> 01:19:38.479
<v Speaker 4>pull out any old clothes that they don't want, and

1355
01:19:38.760 --> 01:19:41.680
<v Speaker 4>they like, if you're in North Dakota and I go

1356
01:19:41.760 --> 01:19:44.520
<v Speaker 4>to the store and buy cases of water and put

1357
01:19:44.560 --> 01:19:45.960
<v Speaker 4>them on a truck to Texas.

1358
01:19:46.199 --> 01:19:49.199
<v Speaker 3>Like, that is not effective, That is not helpful.

1359
01:19:50.319 --> 01:19:52.920
<v Speaker 4>And so it's those unrequested donations that then like get

1360
01:19:52.960 --> 01:19:55.399
<v Speaker 4>to that community and then they sit in a warehouse

1361
01:19:55.560 --> 01:19:59.039
<v Speaker 4>and are never distributed or you know, it takes the

1362
01:19:59.119 --> 01:20:03.680
<v Speaker 4>community's recent sources to organize and donate or organize and

1363
01:20:03.840 --> 01:20:08.319
<v Speaker 4>distribute those donations. That's where things become much more complicated.

1364
01:20:08.520 --> 01:20:10.039
<v Speaker 3>And ideally after a.

1365
01:20:10.079 --> 01:20:13.680
<v Speaker 4>Disaster, you just like get the community's water system back

1366
01:20:13.760 --> 01:20:15.319
<v Speaker 4>up and running as quickly as possible.

1367
01:20:15.479 --> 01:20:18.159
<v Speaker 2>Speaking, which is Flint considered a disaster at this point?

1368
01:20:18.239 --> 01:20:23.399
<v Speaker 4>Or no, I would call it an environmental crisis. But

1369
01:20:23.520 --> 01:20:26.039
<v Speaker 4>that's like kind of a weird academic distinction that like

1370
01:20:26.279 --> 01:20:30.199
<v Speaker 4>maybe isn't that important for the actual situation. It's like

1371
01:20:30.399 --> 01:20:33.520
<v Speaker 4>definitely still within the realm of what I think about

1372
01:20:33.680 --> 01:20:34.680
<v Speaker 4>or would research.

1373
01:20:35.520 --> 01:20:37.600
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, it's yeah.

1374
01:20:37.720 --> 01:20:40.680
<v Speaker 2>And then watching just one hundred million dollars from like

1375
01:20:40.880 --> 01:20:43.239
<v Speaker 2>Chanelle go to the fix the church is like, oh

1376
01:20:43.359 --> 01:20:44.359
<v Speaker 2>my god, oh my god.

1377
01:20:44.439 --> 01:20:44.720
<v Speaker 3>Wild.

1378
01:20:44.880 --> 01:20:49.239
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, last questions I always ask. I mean, I feel

1379
01:20:49.279 --> 01:20:52.359
<v Speaker 2>like this is absolutely the stupidest question to ask, the

1380
01:20:52.399 --> 01:20:55.000
<v Speaker 2>smartest person given the topic. But what's the thing you

1381
01:20:55.199 --> 01:20:58.960
<v Speaker 2>like the least about disasters? Like everything?

1382
01:20:59.159 --> 01:21:04.800
<v Speaker 4>I don't know, honestly, it's watching the same problems just

1383
01:21:04.920 --> 01:21:08.800
<v Speaker 4>happen again and again, like we know what the problems are,

1384
01:21:09.159 --> 01:21:12.159
<v Speaker 4>and like we know what's causing disasters, and we're just

1385
01:21:12.279 --> 01:21:15.880
<v Speaker 4>not we could we could like stop most disasters from happening,

1386
01:21:16.520 --> 01:21:18.840
<v Speaker 4>and we don't.

1387
01:21:19.279 --> 01:21:25.239
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, what top problems would you identify that are contributing

1388
01:21:25.279 --> 01:21:26.960
<v Speaker 2>to Like if you could wave a magic wand and

1389
01:21:27.039 --> 01:21:28.600
<v Speaker 2>to fix those problems.

1390
01:21:28.439 --> 01:21:33.399
<v Speaker 4>Okay, with a magic wand, I mostly I would change

1391
01:21:34.880 --> 01:21:38.359
<v Speaker 4>like where people are living, right, move them into less

1392
01:21:38.520 --> 01:21:42.079
<v Speaker 4>vulnerable areas to like wave a magic wand and just

1393
01:21:42.279 --> 01:21:45.399
<v Speaker 4>fund all of the mitigation projects that local communities want

1394
01:21:45.520 --> 01:21:49.439
<v Speaker 4>to do, right, Like people know their community's best, Like

1395
01:21:49.479 --> 01:21:51.800
<v Speaker 4>they're the ones who know what their communities need to

1396
01:21:51.880 --> 01:21:55.640
<v Speaker 4>be safe. And there are communities all across the country

1397
01:21:56.079 --> 01:21:59.479
<v Speaker 4>that have a plan written out, like they've done the

1398
01:21:59.600 --> 01:22:03.399
<v Speaker 4>research of what project needs to happen in their community

1399
01:22:03.520 --> 01:22:06.399
<v Speaker 4>to make them more resilient or to make them more

1400
01:22:06.479 --> 01:22:09.960
<v Speaker 4>ready to handle a disaster, prevent a disaster from happening,

1401
01:22:10.479 --> 01:22:13.359
<v Speaker 4>And very often the barrier is that they do not

1402
01:22:13.560 --> 01:22:16.600
<v Speaker 4>have the funding for it, or there's not political support

1403
01:22:16.760 --> 01:22:19.880
<v Speaker 4>for it, and so I think just like funding all

1404
01:22:19.920 --> 01:22:21.239
<v Speaker 4>of those projects would be great.

1405
01:22:22.199 --> 01:22:27.800
<v Speaker 2>Just bring insert chimes here, magic wands. Your favorite thing

1406
01:22:27.800 --> 01:22:28.560
<v Speaker 2>about your work.

1407
01:22:33.159 --> 01:22:36.039
<v Speaker 3>I think being able to.

1408
01:22:38.399 --> 01:22:42.840
<v Speaker 4>Have a platform to amplify the voices of survivors and

1409
01:22:42.960 --> 01:22:47.479
<v Speaker 4>to amplify those communities that don't get that media attention,

1410
01:22:48.199 --> 01:22:49.359
<v Speaker 4>even just acknowledge.

1411
01:22:49.600 --> 01:22:52.479
<v Speaker 3>I think sometimes that yes, I see what you're going through.

1412
01:22:52.680 --> 01:22:55.279
<v Speaker 4>This is a disaster. You're absolutely right. More people should

1413
01:22:55.279 --> 01:22:55.960
<v Speaker 4>be paying attention.

1414
01:22:56.439 --> 01:23:02.279
<v Speaker 3>Being able to understand what they're experiencing, I think is

1415
01:23:03.239 --> 01:23:04.239
<v Speaker 3>probably my favorite part.

1416
01:23:05.000 --> 01:23:06.560
<v Speaker 2>Did you ever think that you would be the world's

1417
01:23:06.720 --> 01:23:08.119
<v Speaker 2>foremost disastrologist.

1418
01:23:08.840 --> 01:23:12.520
<v Speaker 4>Well, I'm not the world's foremost disasterrologist probably, but.

1419
01:23:13.039 --> 01:23:14.720
<v Speaker 2>I mean I don't know of a lot of other people.

1420
01:23:15.640 --> 01:23:20.159
<v Speaker 2>You got the domain name, so well, that's true, Pierce

1421
01:23:20.239 --> 01:23:24.520
<v Speaker 2>the Veil's got nothing on you. Yeah, but yeah, I

1422
01:23:24.560 --> 01:23:28.560
<v Speaker 2>mean in terms of disastrology as a discipline and a disastrologist,

1423
01:23:29.159 --> 01:23:31.680
<v Speaker 2>it's like call of doctor Sam.

1424
01:23:32.359 --> 01:23:35.800
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I'm just the loudest on Twitter.

1425
01:23:36.479 --> 01:23:40.000
<v Speaker 2>Well that's good. More air horns and bullhorns. You're doing

1426
01:23:40.119 --> 01:23:42.399
<v Speaker 2>great work. Thank you so much for letting me peppery

1427
01:23:42.439 --> 01:23:44.239
<v Speaker 2>with stupid questions and thanks for coming all the way

1428
01:23:44.279 --> 01:23:47.439
<v Speaker 2>to Fargo. I get to check off North Dakota on

1429
01:23:47.520 --> 01:23:50.000
<v Speaker 2>my list. I'm glad there are no tornadoes while we

1430
01:23:50.039 --> 01:23:55.439
<v Speaker 2>were here, though, yikes. So travel far and wide if

1431
01:23:55.560 --> 01:23:59.840
<v Speaker 2>need be, and ask the foremost smartest people your deepest

1432
01:24:00.159 --> 01:24:03.279
<v Speaker 2>down stupid questions, because we're all gonna die one day now.

1433
01:24:03.399 --> 01:24:06.199
<v Speaker 2>To learn more about doctor Montano, head to her website

1434
01:24:06.279 --> 01:24:11.039
<v Speaker 2>at disaster dashology dot com. On Twitter, she is Sam L.

1435
01:24:11.239 --> 01:24:15.600
<v Speaker 2>Montano and her bio says I'm not a regular disasterrologist.

1436
01:24:15.920 --> 01:24:19.079
<v Speaker 2>I'm a cool disasterrologist and that's very true and I

1437
01:24:19.199 --> 01:24:21.720
<v Speaker 2>love her for it. Okay, so we are at ologies

1438
01:24:21.800 --> 01:24:25.159
<v Speaker 2>on Twitter and Instagram. I'm at Aliward with one L

1439
01:24:25.319 --> 01:24:28.319
<v Speaker 2>on both. More links and attributions are always up at

1440
01:24:28.359 --> 01:24:31.560
<v Speaker 2>aliward dot com slash Ologies. There's a link to the

1441
01:24:31.640 --> 01:24:34.319
<v Speaker 2>episode page and the social media pages and the sponsor

1442
01:24:34.359 --> 01:24:36.720
<v Speaker 2>pages up in the show notes always. Thank you to

1443
01:24:36.880 --> 01:24:40.560
<v Speaker 2>Aaron Talbert and Hannah Liippo for admitting the Facebook Ologies

1444
01:24:40.720 --> 01:24:44.720
<v Speaker 2>podcast group full of very kind wonderfuls. Also hello to

1445
01:24:44.800 --> 01:24:47.920
<v Speaker 2>the reddit subreddit group. I don't know how reddit works,

1446
01:24:48.000 --> 01:24:50.680
<v Speaker 2>but I hear y'all are assembling there, Hi, feel free

1447
01:24:50.720 --> 01:24:54.760
<v Speaker 2>to hit up ologiesmerch dot com, including brand new check

1448
01:24:54.840 --> 01:24:59.920
<v Speaker 2>your Crevis's shirts and mugs and some Hey and Perbye

1449
01:25:00.199 --> 01:25:03.119
<v Speaker 2>shirts that are just up at ologiesmurch dot com. Thank

1450
01:25:03.119 --> 01:25:06.000
<v Speaker 2>you Shannon Felts and Bonnie Dutch of the comedy podcast

1451
01:25:06.119 --> 01:25:08.800
<v Speaker 2>You Are That for all the merch help. You're both wonderful.

1452
01:25:09.079 --> 01:25:11.800
<v Speaker 2>Thank you to assistant editor Jarrett Sleeper of the podcast

1453
01:25:11.880 --> 01:25:14.720
<v Speaker 2>Make Good, Bad Brain for assistant editing. Jarrett just put

1454
01:25:14.720 --> 01:25:18.960
<v Speaker 2>out an amazing episode with traumatologist doctor Nicholas Barr examining

1455
01:25:19.039 --> 01:25:22.479
<v Speaker 2>mental illness and mass shootings in case you like the

1456
01:25:22.680 --> 01:25:26.000
<v Speaker 2>debunking of flim Flam, so go check that out. And

1457
01:25:26.079 --> 01:25:29.079
<v Speaker 2>thank you to my own emergency manager editor Stephen Ray Morris,

1458
01:25:29.079 --> 01:25:31.319
<v Speaker 2>who helps me cobble these together every week and get

1459
01:25:31.399 --> 01:25:34.840
<v Speaker 2>them up as on time as possible for a couple

1460
01:25:34.880 --> 01:25:37.359
<v Speaker 2>of people with ten jobs. He also hosts the per

1461
01:25:37.520 --> 01:25:41.479
<v Speaker 2>Cast about Kiddies and c Jurassic Right, which is about dinosaurs.

1462
01:25:41.840 --> 01:25:44.159
<v Speaker 2>The theme song for Ologies was written by Nick Thorburn

1463
01:25:44.279 --> 01:25:47.039
<v Speaker 2>of the band Islands They Are So Good. Also, Happy

1464
01:25:47.079 --> 01:25:50.960
<v Speaker 2>belated birthday to my wonderful sister Sauce aka Celeste and

1465
01:25:51.199 --> 01:25:54.760
<v Speaker 2>to Bonnie Dutch, I am so happy you both around

1466
01:25:54.800 --> 01:25:57.399
<v Speaker 2>planet Earth. And happy birthday to my wonderful Palazete, who

1467
01:25:57.479 --> 01:26:00.319
<v Speaker 2>has been a friend since sixth grade and is best

1468
01:26:01.279 --> 01:26:02.880
<v Speaker 2>if you stick around until the end of the episode.

1469
01:26:02.880 --> 01:26:04.560
<v Speaker 2>You know, I tell you a secret, and this week

1470
01:26:04.640 --> 01:26:07.239
<v Speaker 2>the secret is that I'm in a hotel room in

1471
01:26:07.279 --> 01:26:11.119
<v Speaker 2>San Jose. I could not get the air conditioning to

1472
01:26:11.279 --> 01:26:15.399
<v Speaker 2>stop blastic on me. Maybe I'm tired, maybe it's day

1473
01:26:15.479 --> 01:26:18.520
<v Speaker 2>two of a no sugar diet, but I wanted to cry.

1474
01:26:18.760 --> 01:26:21.920
<v Speaker 2>And then I unplugged the entire air conditioning and it stopped,

1475
01:26:22.079 --> 01:26:24.239
<v Speaker 2>and I let out a Howard Dan noise like you are.

1476
01:26:24.880 --> 01:26:27.800
<v Speaker 2>And I'm just riding that high still even though it's

1477
01:26:27.840 --> 01:26:30.560
<v Speaker 2>been hours. So if you've ever given up sugar or

1478
01:26:30.640 --> 01:26:34.680
<v Speaker 2>cut carbs because of reactive hypoglycemia, please come at me,

1479
01:26:35.000 --> 01:26:38.039
<v Speaker 2>because I think this sucks at first, but please tell

1480
01:26:38.079 --> 01:26:53.880
<v Speaker 2>me that it gets easier by pachadermatologyology or do zoology, lithology, technology, meteorology, fatology, methology, zeriology, selenology.

1481
01:27:01.000 --> 01:27:04.199
<v Speaker 5>Lisa, are you getting used a camera that this cardader

1482
01:27:04.319 --> 01:27:06.199
<v Speaker 5>just came and erased the Hollywood side.

1483
01:27:06.239 --> 01:27:07.840
<v Speaker 3>The Hollywood side is gone.

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01:27:08.399 --> 01:27:10.800
<v Speaker 1>Get value you can't argue with at Tesco with their

1485
01:27:10.840 --> 01:27:13.640
<v Speaker 1>amazing club card prices. Have the perfect night in with

1486
01:27:13.720 --> 01:27:16.800
<v Speaker 1>their finest frozen pizza meal deal. Get the finest frozen pizza,

1487
01:27:17.000 --> 01:27:19.680
<v Speaker 1>chips and ice cream all for six Euro like our

1488
01:27:19.720 --> 01:27:22.880
<v Speaker 1>delicious spicy Salami, hot honey and do youa or Margarito

1489
01:27:22.920 --> 01:27:26.079
<v Speaker 1>wood fired pizzas, served up with their crispy, chunky chips

1490
01:27:26.279 --> 01:27:28.720
<v Speaker 1>and ice cream like Sea Salt de Caramel or pistachio

1491
01:27:28.840 --> 01:27:33.119
<v Speaker 1>for dessert. Can't argue with that shop in store or online. Tesco.

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01:27:33.640 --> 01:27:36.520
<v Speaker 1>Every little helps available in most stories. Prices vary in

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01:27:36.560 --> 01:27:36.960
<v Speaker 1>express