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Speaker 1: Welcome and by the way, thanks for stopping by today.

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I've been thinking bye is one of those little words

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that shows up everywhere in English. It's just two letters,

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but it does a lot of work. Let's dive in.

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Speaker 2: Welcome to another Happy English podcast, coming to you from

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New York City. And here's your English teacher, Michael.

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Speaker 1: All right, thank you John, and thanks everyone. It's Michael

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here from Happy English and I help people speak English better.

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And this is Happy English Podcast, Episode nine oh six.

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How to use buy in different contexts. Thanks for tuning

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in and welcome back to the podcast. Today we're going

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to take a close look at buy and I think

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you'll be surprised at how many different ways we use it.

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You've probably seen by in phrases like by the time

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I got there, or a book by hemingway, or I'll

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finish it by tomorrow. Yeah. By is short but powerful

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time location, who did something, how it happens? Yep, Bye

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does it all. So let's break it down nice and easy. First,

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let's talk about buy and time. We use by to

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show deadlines or time limits, like when something needs to happen,

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like the other day in the office, the boss said Michael,

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I need that report by five ps Yeah, no pressure, right.

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And just yesterday I reminded one of my students, don't

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forget to send your homework by Friday. So by in

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this case means no later then, not five oh one,

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not Saturday, but by the time you said you would.

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Here's another one. I've said we should leave by seven

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o'clock if we want to catch the train. So again,

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by tells us the latest acceptable time something should happen.

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Oh yeah, by the way, this is another really common phrase,

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by the way. We use by the way to change

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the topic or add extra info, like by the way,

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did you hear the weather report it's gonna rain all day?

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Oh and by the way, you can find the Happy

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English podcast on YouTube now. The phrase by the way

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shows up in conversation all the time. Oh and by

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the way. Next, let's talk about by and location. When

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something is near or close to something else, we use

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by to show that relationship. Like the cafe is by

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the station. That just means it is near the station,

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maybe a one minute walk away. Last week, I met

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a friend at a ramen shop by the river, and

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when I walked in, he was already sitting by the

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window enjoying the view. We also had a good laugh

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about his dog who always waits patiently by the door

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when it's time for a walk. How come Max doesn't

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do that. So in all these situations, by means near

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or next to. Now, let's look at by to show

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who did something. This is especially useful when we talk

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about books, art, songs, or when we use the passive voice.

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For example, I recently saw Romeo and Juliet, Yeah, the

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classic play by Shakespeare, and my friend Maria showed me

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a beautiful photo of the cherry blossoms. I asked who

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took that, and she said, oh, that was taken by

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my cousin. When we use passive sentences, by shows the doer,

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the person who did the action, like this house was

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built by my grandfather, so by in this case gives

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credit or a sign's responsibility, like the sofa cushion was

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destroyed by Max. Next, let's look at by to show

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how something happens. I get a lot of documents by email.

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In last week I bought concert tickets by credit card.

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So here by tells us the method the how. In

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class the other day I said to a student, you

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can improve your listening by watching short YouTube videos with subtitles,

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or you may hear one say she got into grad

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school by working super hard and staying focused. By working

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super hard and staying focused. By shows the method, the process,

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and how something gets done. And finally we have by

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the time. This is such a natural phrase in storytelling

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or explaining a sequence of events. You'll hear things like,

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by the time I got to the party, they were

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already cutting the cake. That means the cake part happened

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before I arrived. I remember last month I was running

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late getting ready for a dinner party, and I was thinking,

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I hope I'm done by the time the guests arrive.

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It's a great way to connect two time related ideas.

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And I had a funny one last week. By the

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time I finished cleaning the kitchen it was way after midnight.

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That one got a few laughs from my students. So yeah,

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by the time is a great way to show when

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one thing happens compared to something else. All right, let's

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recap today. We looked at how by works in English.

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By can show a deadline, please submit it by Friday.

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By can show location. She's sitting by the window, and

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it can tell us who did something that book was

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written by Hemingway and by shows method or means I

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paid by credit card and by the time helps us

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connect two events in time. By the time I got there,

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the movie had already started. Bye. It's a tiny word,

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but it really carries a lot of meaning. So here's

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your challenge this week. Try making your own sentences using

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by Maybe send a message to a friend like let's

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meet by the train station, or tell your coworker I'll

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finish that report by noon. You can even try telling

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a short story that includes by the time. The more

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you use it, the more natural it'll sound. And hey,

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if you want to practice the English from this lesson

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and all of my podcasts with me and a group

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of other awesome English learners, come check out my podcast

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Learner's Study Group. We meet once a week and go

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over the language from these podcast lessons together. Just check

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the link where you're listening right now, or visit Myhappy

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English dot com and look for episode nine oh six.

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Thanks for listening, and remember, learning another language is not easy,

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but it's not impossible, and I'm here to help you

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on your journey.

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Speaker 2: This podcast is brought to you by Happy English. Please

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visit Myhappy english dot com show your support for Happy

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