WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.480 --> 00:00:03.439 In this episode, we talk about India achieving a major 2 00:00:03.439 --> 00:00:06.919 milestone in the space sector and becoming the third country 3 00:00:06.960 --> 00:00:10.679 in the world to successfully place satellites into orbit using 4 00:00:10.679 --> 00:00:14.000 a rocket developed by a private company. We also talk 5 00:00:14.039 --> 00:00:17.359 about the Cocro Junta party threatening to restart the protests 6 00:00:17.440 --> 00:00:20.760 if fiers filed against any of the protesters in Delhi 7 00:00:20.839 --> 00:00:24.480 or any other BGP ruled states are not withdrawn. But 8 00:00:24.600 --> 00:00:27.480 you begin today with the major legal ruling on artificial 9 00:00:27.480 --> 00:00:29.480 intelligence and copyright in India. 10 00:00:33.280 --> 00:00:36.000 Hi, I am Aherikan Nanda and you are listening to 11 00:00:36.079 --> 00:00:38.320 three things in an Express News show. 12 00:00:43.039 --> 00:00:45.719 Recently, the Delhi High Court has held at the interim 13 00:00:45.759 --> 00:00:49.920 stage that Openey's use of copyrighted material to train its 14 00:00:50.039 --> 00:00:54.399 large language models does not amount to copyright infringement and 15 00:00:54.479 --> 00:00:58.119 can fall within fair dealing under Indian copyright law. The 16 00:00:58.159 --> 00:01:01.240 case was filed by News Agency A, which accused open 17 00:01:01.280 --> 00:01:04.480 AI of using its copyrighted material to train chat GBT. 18 00:01:05.079 --> 00:01:08.840 Now this is significant because several publishing and music industry 19 00:01:08.840 --> 00:01:13.079 bodies have raised similar objections to AI training models, and 20 00:01:13.120 --> 00:01:16.359 so the ruling signals how Indine courts are thinking about 21 00:01:16.400 --> 00:01:19.879 copyright and the limits of fair dealing. So to understand 22 00:01:19.920 --> 00:01:22.560 what exactly did the Delhi high coat say and what 23 00:01:22.599 --> 00:01:26.120 does this ruling mean for creators and AI companies in India. 24 00:01:26.239 --> 00:01:29.560 My colleague Chasharma is joined by the Interinet expresses so 25 00:01:29.680 --> 00:01:31.879 hey ghosts so Heney. 26 00:01:31.959 --> 00:01:35.359 We understand that A and I raised three connected objections 27 00:01:35.400 --> 00:01:38.120 to the use of its copyrighted material. So could you 28 00:01:38.120 --> 00:01:40.959 start by reminding us what was A and I alleging 29 00:01:41.000 --> 00:01:43.079 OpenAI had done with its content? 30 00:01:43.799 --> 00:01:48.319 So A and I's main contention was that open ai 31 00:01:48.480 --> 00:01:53.280 is training its large language model on its works which 32 00:01:53.680 --> 00:02:00.560 fall under copyright, and it's ultimately also producing content of 33 00:02:00.840 --> 00:02:04.840 A and I's verbaton in its output. These were basically 34 00:02:05.040 --> 00:02:10.560 two limbs of what A and I's argument was while 35 00:02:10.719 --> 00:02:15.280 claiming that OpenAI is effectively infringing on. 36 00:02:15.199 --> 00:02:17.400 Its copyrighted works. 37 00:02:17.680 --> 00:02:21.400 So yeah, that was broadly the case that A and 38 00:02:21.479 --> 00:02:22.879 I had put forth. 39 00:02:22.759 --> 00:02:24.479 One A and I had moved quote. 40 00:02:24.560 --> 00:02:28.520 Then other parties had also joined in. Some of them 41 00:02:28.680 --> 00:02:34.400 were consonant with an I's line of argument, and some 42 00:02:34.479 --> 00:02:39.719 of them were more supportive of open AI's line of argument, 43 00:02:39.840 --> 00:02:44.159 which was that basically it's not copyright infringement if they're 44 00:02:44.199 --> 00:02:48.360 training their models on copyrighted works and so. 45 00:02:48.479 --> 00:02:51.639 What exactly has the Delhi High Code ruled and what 46 00:02:51.719 --> 00:02:53.080 has it not yet decided. 47 00:02:53.879 --> 00:02:58.000 So, first of all, this is a single judge order 48 00:02:58.199 --> 00:03:02.439 by the Delhi High Code, so obviously there are chances 49 00:03:02.439 --> 00:03:06.159 that the parties would go into appeal, further putting that 50 00:03:06.319 --> 00:03:12.080 caveat in place. Broadly, what the verdict establishes in the 51 00:03:12.120 --> 00:03:18.000 Indian copyright law jurisdiction is that basically, if you're training 52 00:03:18.080 --> 00:03:24.080 your LMS and storing internally this work on which your 53 00:03:24.240 --> 00:03:30.000 LMS would be trained, that is not a copyright infringement. Effectively, 54 00:03:30.319 --> 00:03:35.159 that is the crux of what the Telehigh Courte right. 55 00:03:34.960 --> 00:03:35.800 Now has held. 56 00:03:36.120 --> 00:03:41.039 So in a sense it is ruling on the copyright 57 00:03:41.080 --> 00:03:45.639 aspect of the input that goes into your LMS, and 58 00:03:45.759 --> 00:03:49.439 not exactly the output, which is what it gives when 59 00:03:49.479 --> 00:03:52.199 you put in a query, when you put in a prompt. 60 00:03:52.520 --> 00:03:57.000 What is under copyright there what is not? That question 61 00:03:57.120 --> 00:04:01.280 remains open broadly, but in terms of the training data, 62 00:04:01.479 --> 00:04:05.080 how it is kept, what is used, and what purpose 63 00:04:05.120 --> 00:04:08.159 it is used for. Based on that, the COOTE held 64 00:04:08.360 --> 00:04:13.879 that if the training material is a also not being 65 00:04:13.960 --> 00:04:17.040 shared with any third party and is only being stored 66 00:04:17.079 --> 00:04:22.839 and used internally to train your machines, which also translates 67 00:04:22.879 --> 00:04:27.120 to research work by machines, how research by humans happen, 68 00:04:27.279 --> 00:04:30.959 which is where you say, read an article, read multiple books, 69 00:04:31.240 --> 00:04:32.680 and your training your mind. 70 00:04:32.839 --> 00:04:35.959 The code took a similar view with machines. 71 00:04:35.879 --> 00:04:40.839 And held that it won't be a copyright infringement. 72 00:04:41.040 --> 00:04:43.759 Right and for those who may not know already, fair 73 00:04:43.800 --> 00:04:47.920 dealing is a copyright law exception that allows limited use 74 00:04:47.959 --> 00:04:52.079 of protected works without the owner's permission, and so so 75 00:04:52.199 --> 00:04:57.160 any does the judgment distinguish between an AI system learning 76 00:04:57.199 --> 00:04:59.879 from copyrighted material and reproducing it. 77 00:05:00.759 --> 00:05:04.680 So the quote and an I S case specifically found 78 00:05:04.759 --> 00:05:09.360 that the output is not an exact replication, duplication. 79 00:05:09.199 --> 00:05:12.639 Or lego gutation of what it is being fed. 80 00:05:12.959 --> 00:05:18.800 So essentially the middle process it's adding some value to 81 00:05:18.879 --> 00:05:22.160 what it is being fed. And thus, in this case, 82 00:05:22.240 --> 00:05:26.519 specifically in an I S case, the overall flow the 83 00:05:26.600 --> 00:05:31.800 workflow wouldn't count as copyright infringement. And the judgment also 84 00:05:31.879 --> 00:05:36.079 made this distinction that A and I's works are freely available, 85 00:05:36.279 --> 00:05:40.279 and it's not even their case that their work was 86 00:05:40.399 --> 00:05:46.480 behind a payball and OpenAI got it illegally or unauthorizedly and. 87 00:05:46.800 --> 00:05:47.879 Used that to train. 88 00:05:48.120 --> 00:05:51.279 So I think somewhere over there the quote is drawing 89 00:05:51.319 --> 00:05:57.240 a line. And say, for publications, newspaper publications, if you 90 00:05:57.279 --> 00:06:01.600 are putting your content behind payall, it gives you some 91 00:06:01.759 --> 00:06:04.720 amount of immunity if I go by the Deli High 92 00:06:04.720 --> 00:06:08.560 courtes in interpretation right now in this judgment. 93 00:06:08.879 --> 00:06:11.720 And so what has been open eis argument. 94 00:06:12.199 --> 00:06:17.000 So open eyes broad argument has been and it takes 95 00:06:17.040 --> 00:06:21.439 from what the global jurisdiction has held that A as 96 00:06:21.480 --> 00:06:26.560 a news organization, you have quite a limited scope of copyright. 97 00:06:26.639 --> 00:06:31.800 For example, compared to say fiction novel visa we what 98 00:06:32.279 --> 00:06:36.040 A and I produces, it's very different. A fiction novel 99 00:06:36.519 --> 00:06:41.399 has a stronger copyright value because it is a lot 100 00:06:41.439 --> 00:06:45.040 of intellectual work, a lot of original work that goes 101 00:06:45.079 --> 00:06:49.199 in versus a news report, which is anyway, it faces a. 102 00:06:49.279 --> 00:06:53.120 Very narrow scope of copyright. Because facts are facts. 103 00:06:53.360 --> 00:06:55.879 There are only so many ways that you can report 104 00:06:55.920 --> 00:06:56.399 a fact. 105 00:06:56.879 --> 00:06:58.959 So that was one limb of argument. 106 00:06:59.120 --> 00:07:02.800 A second limb of argument was also the fact that 107 00:07:03.279 --> 00:07:08.560 so they stopped using an i's feed or the syndicate 108 00:07:09.000 --> 00:07:12.600 for training purposes once A and I sent them a 109 00:07:12.800 --> 00:07:18.120 legal notice before approaching quote. So in a sense, opening 110 00:07:18.160 --> 00:07:22.879 I kind of exhibited that we are acting with bona 111 00:07:22.920 --> 00:07:27.360 fide intentions, and because someone objected to it, we took 112 00:07:27.560 --> 00:07:31.360 a conscious decision to hold back and not use this material. 113 00:07:31.759 --> 00:07:36.120 So yeah, broadly, these were their limbs of argument. 114 00:07:36.800 --> 00:07:40.360 And so even if training is legally considered fair dealing, 115 00:07:40.920 --> 00:07:44.519 does that settle the separate question of whether creators and 116 00:07:44.600 --> 00:07:48.079 publishers ought to be paid or asked for consent. 117 00:07:49.079 --> 00:07:54.120 So again we have to look at global jurisdictions and 118 00:07:54.279 --> 00:07:59.639 how they have interpreted their copyright protections for what is 119 00:07:59.680 --> 00:08:05.199 being fed to train your elms and in that for 120 00:08:05.240 --> 00:08:09.519 example the US Sports there were two crucial judgments in 121 00:08:09.920 --> 00:08:14.480 US in June twenty twenty five where they kind of 122 00:08:15.240 --> 00:08:22.040 weighed the fact that this technology is transformative and thus 123 00:08:22.240 --> 00:08:27.639 if you're training on these original walks for a transformative purpose, 124 00:08:27.879 --> 00:08:33.120 that gets a pass under fair dealing. Similarly, Europe also 125 00:08:33.360 --> 00:08:36.639 has some regulation around training and. 126 00:08:36.679 --> 00:08:39.440 Storage of data for elelems. 127 00:08:39.679 --> 00:08:45.519 The European Union's framework is more structured and leaves very 128 00:08:45.679 --> 00:08:50.120 little scope for quotes to interfere. So what the European 129 00:08:50.200 --> 00:08:55.720 law says is that you can use works protected walks 130 00:08:55.919 --> 00:09:00.720 for training purposes. If it is for research purpose or 131 00:09:00.879 --> 00:09:05.639 research being, it has to be by universities, by cultural 132 00:09:05.720 --> 00:09:11.639 heritage institutions or any sort of research body, either that 133 00:09:12.320 --> 00:09:15.320 or the second category is for any other use. 134 00:09:15.639 --> 00:09:16.759 But in the. 135 00:09:16.840 --> 00:09:20.840 Second category, I, as a owner of the work, I 136 00:09:21.000 --> 00:09:22.600 get to also opt out. 137 00:09:22.720 --> 00:09:24.799 So there's an opt out option over there. 138 00:09:24.960 --> 00:09:30.000 So euces training in that sense where it gives some 139 00:09:30.200 --> 00:09:35.000 amount of leverage to the owner of the work and 140 00:09:35.200 --> 00:09:38.960 gives them there is some level of consent of theirs 141 00:09:39.159 --> 00:09:41.000 involved right. 142 00:09:40.879 --> 00:09:44.080 And so, so how significant is this ruling for India 143 00:09:44.440 --> 00:09:47.840 because it is the first time an Indian constitutional quote 144 00:09:47.960 --> 00:09:52.240 has expressed a view on whether copyrighted material may lawfully 145 00:09:52.360 --> 00:09:54.879 be used to change generative AI systems. 146 00:09:55.720 --> 00:09:59.799 So for starters, it gives us a starting point. Now 147 00:10:00.120 --> 00:10:05.440 it remains to be seen that how much content creators 148 00:10:05.600 --> 00:10:10.039 or owners of copyright, how much they get to exercise 149 00:10:10.159 --> 00:10:14.399 their rights here, But broadly on the input side, basically, 150 00:10:14.919 --> 00:10:17.480 if it is being used for training. 151 00:10:17.080 --> 00:10:20.440 Purposes, the rights are kind of diminished. 152 00:10:19.879 --> 00:10:25.120 For them in if put very bluntly, So what remains 153 00:10:25.159 --> 00:10:29.120 to be seen as how they negotiate on the output part. 154 00:10:29.200 --> 00:10:32.879 And there's something that a lot of experts are also flagging. 155 00:10:32.960 --> 00:10:37.200 So one obvious fallout that we see from yours maybe 156 00:10:37.399 --> 00:10:41.279 copyright owners have to start thinking about what kind of 157 00:10:41.440 --> 00:10:45.519 licensing agreements they should have, what kind of rights these 158 00:10:45.679 --> 00:10:51.600 licensing agreements give and to whom, But to negotiate that 159 00:10:52.080 --> 00:10:55.360 they have more levey on the output side. So for example, 160 00:10:55.399 --> 00:11:00.360 if tomorrow there's a benign prompt that you give, and you, 161 00:11:00.600 --> 00:11:06.360 being a fiction writer or an academic paper writer, you 162 00:11:06.559 --> 00:11:11.440 see parts of it being regurgitated as it is you're 163 00:11:11.519 --> 00:11:14.559 being given paragraphs and paragraphs. 164 00:11:13.840 --> 00:11:16.200 From your paper or from your book. 165 00:11:16.519 --> 00:11:20.720 You have a strong case then to actually raise your 166 00:11:20.960 --> 00:11:27.120 copyright infringement claims. However, raising those claims at the starting 167 00:11:27.320 --> 00:11:31.759 phase where the elms are getting trained, that scope has 168 00:11:31.879 --> 00:11:35.080 kind of narrowed now with this judgment, and. 169 00:11:35.080 --> 00:11:37.679 So any earlier you mentioned how A and I was 170 00:11:37.720 --> 00:11:41.240 one of the organizations involved in the litigation, among others 171 00:11:41.480 --> 00:11:45.559 like the Federation of Indian Publishers, the Digital News Publishers 172 00:11:45.600 --> 00:11:49.919 Association and even the Indian music industry. Talk about what 173 00:11:50.000 --> 00:11:54.559 does this mean for other creative industries, So see the 174 00:11:54.960 --> 00:11:58.919 aspect that Delhi High Code does not go into is 175 00:11:59.440 --> 00:12:01.240 I mean also because they. 176 00:12:01.080 --> 00:12:04.720 Were only dealing with A and I's case broadly, but 177 00:12:05.519 --> 00:12:08.639 there is something that the US quotes dealt with or 178 00:12:08.840 --> 00:12:12.799 this was because it was an issue about what if 179 00:12:13.240 --> 00:12:17.399 your lem is getting trained on piated data, which is 180 00:12:17.559 --> 00:12:23.279 shadow libraries. So technically shadow libraries are pirated content. So 181 00:12:23.399 --> 00:12:27.159 for example, in Delhi the High Court has earlier held 182 00:12:27.600 --> 00:12:31.399 again there's a preliminary finding that the quote gave and 183 00:12:31.559 --> 00:12:35.399 the broader or the final judgment, and that is still pending, 184 00:12:35.600 --> 00:12:40.120 it's still undergoing adjudication. It was this case by Elsevier, 185 00:12:40.399 --> 00:12:44.519 the organization that I'm sure we all know publishes a 186 00:12:44.519 --> 00:12:47.919 lot of academic papers and journals. 187 00:12:48.159 --> 00:12:51.360 So they had moved quote. 188 00:12:51.080 --> 00:12:57.240 Alleging copyright infringement by shadow libraries like sihab and libgen. 189 00:12:57.559 --> 00:13:01.200 So in that there was a preliminary fine Delhi High 190 00:13:01.240 --> 00:13:05.279 Courte that this is a copyright infringement and rolled in 191 00:13:05.360 --> 00:13:09.679 el Severe's favor. So now what we have here and 192 00:13:09.840 --> 00:13:14.799 what might cause a gray area here is at one 193 00:13:14.879 --> 00:13:19.120 juncture you are saying that shadow libraries are an act 194 00:13:19.240 --> 00:13:22.360 of copyright infringement. At the same time we are not 195 00:13:22.679 --> 00:13:27.840 really going into the source of the training data for llms. 196 00:13:28.080 --> 00:13:30.840 So for example, in A and I's case, there was 197 00:13:30.879 --> 00:13:33.679 no piated data involved here. 198 00:13:34.039 --> 00:13:35.679 It was all legitimate data. 199 00:13:35.879 --> 00:13:39.720 But there's no observation from the quote on how do 200 00:13:39.799 --> 00:13:44.840 we interpret copyright infringement in the case, say, if your 201 00:13:45.039 --> 00:13:49.600 training material itself is violating or the way you have procured, 202 00:13:49.639 --> 00:13:53.159 the way you have access that training material, it might 203 00:13:53.320 --> 00:13:57.080 have some level of copyright infringement, say, for example, in 204 00:13:57.120 --> 00:14:01.919 the shadow libraries case, if you're using libraries. So yeah, 205 00:14:02.039 --> 00:14:07.399 broadly that is something that remains unanswered in the verdict. 206 00:14:08.159 --> 00:14:11.799 And sohny does this case raise a question about India 207 00:14:11.879 --> 00:14:15.440 now needing a specific law for EI training because the 208 00:14:15.480 --> 00:14:19.399 Copyright Act was not drafted with generative AI in mind, 209 00:14:19.840 --> 00:14:24.240 and that's why coats are applying existing concepts like Ferylyn. 210 00:14:25.039 --> 00:14:28.039 So I personally don't think that a new law is 211 00:14:28.120 --> 00:14:31.080 going to make much of a difference, if at all, 212 00:14:31.159 --> 00:14:32.120 It's only going. 213 00:14:31.919 --> 00:14:36.840 To create more confusion. But again personal opinion. 214 00:14:36.440 --> 00:14:40.080 Here, what I feel the EU model is much better 215 00:14:40.399 --> 00:14:44.080 because it gives some level of structure, some level of consent, 216 00:14:44.320 --> 00:14:48.559 some level of you as a copyright owner having some. 217 00:14:48.519 --> 00:14:50.840 Say over how your work is used. 218 00:14:50.879 --> 00:14:55.080 Because it was Washington Post who did this story, I 219 00:14:55.120 --> 00:15:00.679 think sometime in January basically saying how Anthropic is buying 220 00:15:00.759 --> 00:15:06.159 up millions of books from the EU markets, physical copies 221 00:15:06.200 --> 00:15:10.879 of books and tearing them up completely. And these include 222 00:15:10.960 --> 00:15:15.919 like rare books as well, tearing them up, getting those digitized, 223 00:15:16.039 --> 00:15:19.000 putting it on their library so that they can train 224 00:15:19.200 --> 00:15:20.240 their lms. 225 00:15:20.559 --> 00:15:23.840 Now, one theory of why. 226 00:15:23.639 --> 00:15:28.120 They're doing this is apparently they want to basically subwort 227 00:15:28.240 --> 00:15:34.200 the copyright restrictions. So both the US and USE laws 228 00:15:34.279 --> 00:15:37.720 they have their own loopholes and if someone wants to 229 00:15:37.759 --> 00:15:39.399 subvert that, they do. 230 00:15:39.320 --> 00:15:40.919 It very clearly. 231 00:15:41.279 --> 00:15:49.639 So yeah, and next we turned to a major milestone 232 00:15:49.679 --> 00:15:53.639 in india space sector. Earlier this month, India became only 233 00:15:53.679 --> 00:15:56.600 the third country in the world, after the United States 234 00:15:56.639 --> 00:16:00.720 and China to successfully place satellites into orbit using a 235 00:16:00.840 --> 00:16:04.320 rocket developed by a private company. On the eighteenth of July, 236 00:16:04.440 --> 00:16:08.639 victim Ie, a rocket named after pioneering space scientist Vikrm Saurabhai, 237 00:16:09.120 --> 00:16:13.480 reached Earth orbit and deployed several experimental satellites as part 238 00:16:13.559 --> 00:16:18.200 of Mission Agman, developed by the Hyderabad based company Skyroute Aerospace. 239 00:16:18.440 --> 00:16:21.159 The mission marks the beginning of a new chapter for 240 00:16:21.240 --> 00:16:25.679 India's private space industry. To understand the significance of Mission 241 00:16:25.720 --> 00:16:29.519 Agman and what greater participation by private companies could mean 242 00:16:29.519 --> 00:16:32.960 for India space ambitions. We speak with the Indiane expresses 243 00:16:33.120 --> 00:16:37.679 anonadath Anona. India for the first time has had a 244 00:16:37.720 --> 00:16:41.559 private space agency launch a payload into the Earth's orbit. 245 00:16:42.039 --> 00:16:44.480 Talk about the significance of this moment. 246 00:16:45.200 --> 00:16:48.759 So basically, this is the first time that a private 247 00:16:48.799 --> 00:16:52.840 company has done an orbital launch. The same company had 248 00:16:52.919 --> 00:16:56.879 actually done a suborbital flight in twenty twenty two to 249 00:16:56.960 --> 00:17:00.720 check call its systems. What this means is now the 250 00:17:00.919 --> 00:17:05.119 vehicle is capable of actually launching satellites into the orbit, 251 00:17:05.200 --> 00:17:09.920 and in fact, the first flight did carry some technology 252 00:17:09.960 --> 00:17:14.559 demonstration satellites onboard and launched them. This is significant because 253 00:17:14.599 --> 00:17:18.039 the space sector was opened up by the government to 254 00:17:18.200 --> 00:17:22.960 private players only in twenty twenty and in less than 255 00:17:23.480 --> 00:17:27.039 six years these companies have been able to achieve an 256 00:17:27.119 --> 00:17:31.000 orbital launch and the company has already said that after 257 00:17:31.039 --> 00:17:35.359 a few of these demonstration missions they would go into 258 00:17:35.400 --> 00:17:39.720 a full fledged commercial launch capability, which means they would 259 00:17:39.799 --> 00:17:45.039 be attracting people from satellite manufacturers from across the globe 260 00:17:45.119 --> 00:17:48.119 and launched their satellites from the Indian soil. 261 00:17:48.640 --> 00:17:51.519 Right and can you talk about Mission Argument and about 262 00:17:51.559 --> 00:17:55.240 Vikram one, the first private Indian launch vehicle that has 263 00:17:55.279 --> 00:17:56.440 reached the Earth's orbit. 264 00:17:57.160 --> 00:18:01.319 Yes, like I mentioned, this was Argument which was announcing 265 00:18:01.400 --> 00:18:05.759 of this you know, new vehicle entering the spaceflight sector, 266 00:18:06.160 --> 00:18:09.920 and they decided to name the mission Argument because this 267 00:18:10.119 --> 00:18:13.240 was the first orbital launched by the company and it 268 00:18:13.279 --> 00:18:16.319 would mark the beginning of you know, induction of this 269 00:18:16.480 --> 00:18:20.279 new vehicle into the spaceflight sector when it comes to 270 00:18:20.279 --> 00:18:24.599 become one. This rocket is made up of four stages, 271 00:18:24.720 --> 00:18:28.559 three solid stages which provide the maximum amount of power 272 00:18:28.680 --> 00:18:32.880 to the vehicle to escape the Earth's atmosphere and then 273 00:18:32.960 --> 00:18:37.680 comes a liquid fuel based orbital adjustment module. This is 274 00:18:37.720 --> 00:18:41.720 the one which fine tunes the position of the last 275 00:18:42.039 --> 00:18:45.720 stage of the rocket in space and you know, orients 276 00:18:45.799 --> 00:18:51.480 it correctly for placing the satellites in accurate orbit. So 277 00:18:51.720 --> 00:18:56.319 the company was successfully able to demonstrate the accurate working 278 00:18:56.480 --> 00:18:59.400 of all four stages and they were able to put 279 00:18:59.480 --> 00:19:01.640 the demonstration satellites in. 280 00:19:01.880 --> 00:19:05.279 Very accurate orbits during the launch, which. 281 00:19:05.400 --> 00:19:10.640 Showcases that this rocket can become a very successful small 282 00:19:10.759 --> 00:19:14.759 commercial launch rockets for the low Earth orbit satellites. 283 00:19:15.480 --> 00:19:19.039 And anona walk us through what happened at three Harrikota 284 00:19:19.119 --> 00:19:23.079 on eighteenth of July. How did the events unfold? Because 285 00:19:23.359 --> 00:19:26.839 we understand that the team encountered a few setbacks before 286 00:19:26.920 --> 00:19:29.160 the launch, right, yes. 287 00:19:29.039 --> 00:19:31.920 So basically this was the first time in the mission 288 00:19:31.960 --> 00:19:35.799 control the front bench was occupied by a very young 289 00:19:35.880 --> 00:19:39.680 group of people, very enthusiastic. You could see that they 290 00:19:39.720 --> 00:19:43.319 were anxious but happy that finally all their work was 291 00:19:43.559 --> 00:19:47.359 going to be demonstrated. And while all the checks were 292 00:19:47.400 --> 00:19:50.519 being done a day ahead of the launch, everything was 293 00:19:50.559 --> 00:19:53.759 found to be normal. But yes, there was a slight 294 00:19:53.839 --> 00:19:57.759 snag at the time of the launch and the automatic 295 00:19:57.839 --> 00:20:01.640 launch sequence wherein the vehicle t over all the processes 296 00:20:01.680 --> 00:20:06.200 needed to finally launch itself that had to be stopped 297 00:20:06.640 --> 00:20:10.200 just five minutes before the launch. But it couldn't have 298 00:20:10.279 --> 00:20:14.400 been a very significant technical fault because it was resolved 299 00:20:14.480 --> 00:20:18.279 within minutes and the new window for accurate launch was 300 00:20:18.319 --> 00:20:21.960 calculated and there was just about half an hour delay 301 00:20:22.200 --> 00:20:26.359 in the launch of the satellites. So the snag was 302 00:20:26.440 --> 00:20:30.880 immediately corrected and a new automatic launch sequence was launched 303 00:20:31.039 --> 00:20:34.880 and instead of around eleven thirty, the vehicle finally took 304 00:20:34.920 --> 00:20:38.519 off at twelve oh five on the day off and 305 00:20:38.960 --> 00:20:43.119 within about twenty minutes, less than twenty minutes, the satellites 306 00:20:43.160 --> 00:20:45.759 were placed in orbit. We should also talk about the 307 00:20:45.920 --> 00:20:50.200 excitement that was seen once the scientists, these young scientists 308 00:20:50.240 --> 00:20:53.880 were very sure that you know, the satellite would reach 309 00:20:53.960 --> 00:20:57.920 its intended orbit. First, the first point was when these 310 00:20:58.160 --> 00:21:01.799 vehicle crossed the one hundred kilometers mark indicating that it 311 00:21:01.880 --> 00:21:05.599 had entered space. There was a cheer that went through 312 00:21:05.599 --> 00:21:08.839 the room. And once the launch was complete, you could 313 00:21:08.920 --> 00:21:13.519 see these you know, young scientists celebrating and sort of 314 00:21:14.079 --> 00:21:17.079 dancing with joy in the mission control. 315 00:21:17.799 --> 00:21:27.480 FIE four three oh one and we have LIP one. 316 00:21:27.440 --> 00:21:33.319 India's first private orbital and we have great views coming from. 317 00:21:33.119 --> 00:21:34.880 The cameras and is in this. 318 00:21:39.160 --> 00:21:44.559 And this time around the senior ISRO scientists including the 319 00:21:44.599 --> 00:21:49.200 current chairman WIENA. Rynan and former chairpersons h such as S. 320 00:21:49.200 --> 00:21:53.480 Som Nath brother Krishnan was also there. So all of 321 00:21:53.519 --> 00:21:58.640 the chairpersons along with mister Pavangenka who heads the body 322 00:21:58.680 --> 00:22:02.039 called in Space, all of them were present. But behind 323 00:22:02.160 --> 00:22:05.359 these young scientists who were there in the mission control. 324 00:22:05.720 --> 00:22:08.799 And an The private organization at the center of this 325 00:22:08.880 --> 00:22:12.559 mission is Skyroot Aerospace can you tell us a bit 326 00:22:12.599 --> 00:22:13.400 about the company. 327 00:22:14.160 --> 00:22:19.279 So this is actually the first Unicorn space startup in 328 00:22:19.319 --> 00:22:23.319 the country. Sky Route came up actually just before the 329 00:22:23.400 --> 00:22:27.839 space sector was open, and they took a benefit of 330 00:22:27.920 --> 00:22:31.720 these sector opening up to private players and really ran 331 00:22:31.880 --> 00:22:36.359 with it. They are the first company to achieve orbital flight, 332 00:22:36.440 --> 00:22:39.160 but there are others who are attempting it. This was 333 00:22:39.200 --> 00:22:43.039 actually founded by people who have worked with Israel previously 334 00:22:43.400 --> 00:22:46.640 and you know, they sort of they have made them 335 00:22:46.759 --> 00:22:49.720 mark and you could see the confidence that people have 336 00:22:49.880 --> 00:22:53.440 on them with the kind of investment that has come 337 00:22:53.559 --> 00:22:57.880 from you know a lot of private players into the company, right, 338 00:22:57.960 --> 00:23:01.279 and we understand that post the launch, the founders also 339 00:23:01.319 --> 00:23:04.079 had a conversation with PM mod What did he have 340 00:23:04.200 --> 00:23:07.799 to say about this development. So while we've seen, you know, 341 00:23:07.960 --> 00:23:12.880 with all key ISRAE missions, the Prime Minister either does 342 00:23:13.000 --> 00:23:16.200 like a video address in Chandryan to the Prime Minister 343 00:23:16.319 --> 00:23:19.440 was actually present at the mission control even though the 344 00:23:19.519 --> 00:23:23.240 landing could not be successful. So with these key you 345 00:23:23.279 --> 00:23:26.599 know missions, the Prime Minister usually takes note of it. 346 00:23:26.759 --> 00:23:31.119 And while he was not present during this mission, he 347 00:23:31.160 --> 00:23:36.119 did speak with both the founders immediately after the launch, 348 00:23:36.400 --> 00:23:39.480 and the founders at that time were on the diace 349 00:23:39.759 --> 00:23:43.240 and they held up their phone to the microphone and 350 00:23:43.319 --> 00:23:54.839 everybody could hear what the PM was saying. 351 00:24:06.920 --> 00:24:28.079 At this was essentially the PM was talking about the 352 00:24:28.319 --> 00:24:29.839 great achievement that has happened. 353 00:24:29.839 --> 00:24:32.960 And now you know, with this launch, India became the 354 00:24:33.000 --> 00:24:38.799 third country which has these private spacecraft programs which can 355 00:24:38.880 --> 00:24:42.880 be utilized by satellite makers across the world. So it 356 00:24:43.000 --> 00:24:45.640 was a good achievement. And he also spoke about the 357 00:24:45.799 --> 00:24:49.720 decision to open up the space sector in twenty twenty. 358 00:24:50.039 --> 00:24:52.000 He said that, you know, there were a lot of 359 00:24:52.039 --> 00:24:54.440 people who said, how will you do this, how will 360 00:24:54.440 --> 00:24:55.039 this happen? 361 00:24:55.400 --> 00:24:57.799 It's not possible, but he said that, you know, the 362 00:24:57.880 --> 00:24:58.599 success of. 363 00:24:58.720 --> 00:25:02.000 Sky Root sort of proved his point, and he said 364 00:25:02.079 --> 00:25:05.440 people should give this kind of ambitious work to youngsters 365 00:25:05.480 --> 00:25:08.839 because they are able to deliver. And then of course 366 00:25:08.839 --> 00:25:13.759 he congratulated the founders. The founders also informed him that 367 00:25:14.359 --> 00:25:17.920 a message that he had sent on the flight, he 368 00:25:18.000 --> 00:25:21.400 had actually signed the postcards stating one day Mataram. The 369 00:25:21.400 --> 00:25:24.720 founders told him that that has actually reached space now 370 00:25:24.880 --> 00:25:28.960 and it's in orbit. So that was the conversation that 371 00:25:29.000 --> 00:25:31.920 happened between the founders and the PM and Anona. 372 00:25:32.279 --> 00:25:35.240 Are there other private companies that are also working towards 373 00:25:35.359 --> 00:25:38.599 entering this space and what does the RoadHead look like 374 00:25:38.880 --> 00:25:40.920 for India's private space sector? 375 00:25:41.759 --> 00:25:44.359 So there are two types of things that are happening. 376 00:25:44.599 --> 00:25:48.200 Just like sky Route, there is another company called Arnikol 377 00:25:48.279 --> 00:25:53.039 which is also developing its own launch vehicle and they 378 00:25:53.119 --> 00:25:57.160 have also been able to do their sub orbital launch, 379 00:25:57.519 --> 00:26:00.519 but they are yet to do an orbital launch so far. 380 00:26:00.839 --> 00:26:04.720 Other than these two companies, there is also a small 381 00:26:04.759 --> 00:26:08.839 satellite launch vehicle which was developed by ISRO itself, which 382 00:26:08.920 --> 00:26:11.799 was developed thinking that there would be an increase in 383 00:26:11.920 --> 00:26:16.039 demand to launch small satellites into the low Earth orbit. 384 00:26:16.200 --> 00:26:20.640 You know satellites which are significantly used for communications by 385 00:26:20.680 --> 00:26:25.200 companies such as Starlink and one Web. So ISRO was 386 00:26:25.279 --> 00:26:28.400 aware that this boom might happen and that's why they developed. 387 00:26:28.440 --> 00:26:32.680 It's SSLv, which has now been transferred to an industry 388 00:26:32.960 --> 00:26:36.599 and now the private playwires who would take up the 389 00:26:37.160 --> 00:26:40.960 SSLv vehicle and you know, do complete end to end launch, 390 00:26:41.000 --> 00:26:43.960 So they will manufacture it, they will find clients for 391 00:26:44.000 --> 00:26:47.480 it and they will schedule the launches accordingly. So that 392 00:26:47.680 --> 00:26:50.759 is another thing that is happening in the private sector 393 00:26:50.799 --> 00:26:53.839 in India right now. Other than that, the you know 394 00:26:53.920 --> 00:26:57.400 opening up space sector came with the sort of forward 395 00:26:57.480 --> 00:27:02.039 thinking that ISRO would now for on the big missions. 396 00:27:02.119 --> 00:27:04.960 You know, they will give up the routine launches and 397 00:27:05.160 --> 00:27:08.359 look at missions like adite l one which is studying 398 00:27:08.400 --> 00:27:12.759 the Sun, or Chandrayan, which is you know, incrementally going 399 00:27:12.920 --> 00:27:15.920 to the Moon. And there's also a plan to set 400 00:27:16.000 --> 00:27:20.640 up a space station. So the inan space research organization 401 00:27:21.119 --> 00:27:24.599