WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.840 --> 00:00:03.600 Welcome. This is Marsha for Radio I, and today I 2 00:00:03.640 --> 00:00:07.679 will be reading National Geographic magazine dated April twenty twenty five. 3 00:00:08.359 --> 00:00:11.160 As a reminder, Radio I is a reading service intended 4 00:00:11.199 --> 00:00:14.199 for people who are blind or have other disabilities that 5 00:00:14.279 --> 00:00:17.559 make it difficult to read printed material. Please join me 6 00:00:17.640 --> 00:00:25.000 now for the article entitled National Geographic Celebrating thirty three 7 00:00:25.160 --> 00:00:30.719 bold Thinkers. Yvonne Schuenard, the unlikely mogul who built the 8 00:00:30.839 --> 00:00:35.359 ultimate outdoors brand then gave it away to save the planet. 9 00:00:35.840 --> 00:00:39.439 Ivan Schuenard laughs when he tries to remember the oldest 10 00:00:39.439 --> 00:00:42.320 piece of gear he owns. Almost everything I have is old, 11 00:00:42.399 --> 00:00:46.520 says Chouinard eighty six, grinning. I use everything until it 12 00:00:46.520 --> 00:00:51.479 completely falls apart. The Patagonian founder glances around the office 13 00:00:51.479 --> 00:00:54.359 of his Wyoming ranch, then raises his hands to show 14 00:00:54.600 --> 00:00:57.200 that the sleeves of his faded plaid shirt are all 15 00:00:57.240 --> 00:00:59.960 in tatters. My whole life has been pretty simple, really, 16 00:01:00.200 --> 00:01:04.920 I'm not a consumer. This may sound surprising, even hypocritical, 17 00:01:05.359 --> 00:01:08.400 from the founder of a company with consistent annual sales 18 00:01:08.719 --> 00:01:13.159 of a billion dollars, but Schuinard has long insisted he 19 00:01:13.280 --> 00:01:17.079 did not start Patagonia to turn a profit. I have 20 00:01:17.200 --> 00:01:20.040 a living, he told The New Yorker in nineteen seventy seven, 21 00:01:20.400 --> 00:01:22.680 but that's all I want out of it. Nearly half 22 00:01:22.680 --> 00:01:26.439 a century later, in September twenty twenty two, he backed 23 00:01:26.519 --> 00:01:29.439 up that claim, stunning the business world by announcing he 24 00:01:29.519 --> 00:01:32.359 was giving away the three billion dollar company, with a 25 00:01:32.439 --> 00:01:35.439 two percent of its shares going to a trust where 26 00:01:35.480 --> 00:01:38.120 profits could be used for social good and the other 27 00:01:38.200 --> 00:01:42.840 ninety eight percent to newly created nonprofit, the hold Fast Collective, 28 00:01:43.200 --> 00:01:47.319 which uses the funds to advocate for environmental causes. Earth 29 00:01:47.680 --> 00:01:51.599 Chouinard wrote on Patagonia's website, is now our only shareholder. 30 00:01:52.319 --> 00:01:54.920 After you're making enough money to support yourself, what's the 31 00:01:54.920 --> 00:01:57.239 reason to stay in business, he asks with a shrug. 32 00:01:57.799 --> 00:01:59.959 Is it a responsibility for the employees that are still 33 00:02:00.159 --> 00:02:03.760 there to make more money or to do something something good. 34 00:02:04.280 --> 00:02:06.760 We are doing good work and good things with our profits. 35 00:02:07.079 --> 00:02:09.520 That's the real reason to keep going. It's not an 36 00:02:09.520 --> 00:02:11.800 ego thing. I'll be dead in a few years anyway. 37 00:02:12.280 --> 00:02:16.120 Schuenard's decision to donate the company stemmed in part from 38 00:02:16.120 --> 00:02:19.560 his inclusion on a Forbes list of billionaires he'd never 39 00:02:19.680 --> 00:02:23.599 seen himself that way, and the perception rankled. Without Patagonia, 40 00:02:23.719 --> 00:02:26.039 he could live like the man he felt himself to be, 41 00:02:26.520 --> 00:02:30.400 an octagenarian cowboy on a western ranch with sixty thousand 42 00:02:30.439 --> 00:02:33.840 dollars a year, driving a nineteen eighty seven Toyota Corolla 43 00:02:34.159 --> 00:02:37.280 and wearing frayed flannel. He would be as happy living 44 00:02:37.360 --> 00:02:40.360 under a bridge or out of a van surfing God knows, 45 00:02:40.400 --> 00:02:44.199 where as being a wealthy man, says Chris Tomkins, Patagonian's 46 00:02:44.280 --> 00:02:49.280 transformative first CEO and one of Chuenard's closest confidants. That 47 00:02:49.599 --> 00:02:54.520 is the genius of Yvonne Schouinard's lifelong modesty is his inheritance. 48 00:02:55.159 --> 00:02:57.319 I was a dirt bag climber and I got my 49 00:02:57.360 --> 00:03:00.599 dirt bag philosophy from my dad. Chewanard says, I had 50 00:03:00.599 --> 00:03:03.960 no money whatsoever. I was eating cat food, ground squirrels. 51 00:03:04.319 --> 00:03:07.479 I would sneak into yards distill fruit. He has since 52 00:03:07.639 --> 00:03:11.599 climbed on every continent, and these days he finds its true. 53 00:03:11.840 --> 00:03:14.800 It's the sport he truly misses. My balance is shot 54 00:03:14.840 --> 00:03:19.120 to hell. He size still alpinisms. Visceral connection with the 55 00:03:19.199 --> 00:03:23.199 landscape made him realize long ago the irreparable ways humans 56 00:03:23.319 --> 00:03:28.080 changed the world, even when scarring stone for sport. For 57 00:03:28.120 --> 00:03:30.879 six decades, he has striven in business to do less 58 00:03:30.879 --> 00:03:35.120 harm and imperfect and unsteady process. Patagonia is not a 59 00:03:35.159 --> 00:03:38.599 sustainable company, he says, There's no such thing. I look 60 00:03:38.639 --> 00:03:41.719 at our philanthropy as not charity, but as the cost 61 00:03:41.759 --> 00:03:46.319 of doing business, of using non renewable resources. Once you 62 00:03:46.479 --> 00:03:50.680 recognize that you want to do something, Schuenard consists constantly 63 00:03:50.840 --> 00:03:54.319 references his pessimism. He is convinced, for instance, that the 64 00:03:54.319 --> 00:03:57.840 climate crisis cannot be solved until people find their spiritual 65 00:03:57.879 --> 00:04:01.960 connection with nature, as he did on Wyoming's peas Peeks 66 00:04:01.960 --> 00:04:06.639 and Yosemite's walls. He believes public companies will never choose 67 00:04:06.680 --> 00:04:11.360 true sustainability over shareholder gains, but encounters that doubt with 68 00:04:11.439 --> 00:04:14.759 an idealism about what individuals can do with the right 69 00:04:14.879 --> 00:04:18.319 resources at their disposal, in his case, one of the 70 00:04:18.360 --> 00:04:23.600 world's biggest outdoor brands. He's more active in Patagonia's operations now, 71 00:04:23.639 --> 00:04:26.199 he says than when he divested himself from the company 72 00:04:26.480 --> 00:04:29.199 two years ago. That's because he needs to make sure 73 00:04:29.240 --> 00:04:32.720 it can function in perpetuity. If Patagonia is going to 74 00:04:32.759 --> 00:04:37.600 have any chance of fulfilling its audacious mission statement to 75 00:04:37.720 --> 00:04:41.680 save our home planet. This was written by Grayson har 76 00:04:41.839 --> 00:04:47.360 Kurrn Selena Gomez the Superstars supporting mental health on a 77 00:04:47.399 --> 00:04:53.920 global scale. The Selena Gomez of now Golden Globe nominated actress, billionaire, philanthropist, 78 00:04:54.040 --> 00:04:57.680 and entrepreneur wouldn't be possible without the Selena Gomez of 79 00:04:57.720 --> 00:05:00.680 several years ago, when the young singer was struggling with 80 00:05:00.720 --> 00:05:04.279 her mental health. In twenty eighteen, Gomez had an episode 81 00:05:04.319 --> 00:05:08.040 of psychosis, a condition in which a person experiences a 82 00:05:08.079 --> 00:05:11.560 break from reality, and later learned she had bipolar disorder. 83 00:05:12.040 --> 00:05:14.600 The actress decided to take a hiatus from her career 84 00:05:14.920 --> 00:05:19.279 and retreated from the spotlight. She explored different treatments, including 85 00:05:19.399 --> 00:05:23.279 a dialectical behavior therapy, a form of talk therapy for 86 00:05:23.399 --> 00:05:28.639 patients experiencing intense emotional distress, eventually landing on a set 87 00:05:28.680 --> 00:05:31.279 of strategies and a treatment plan that worked for her. 88 00:05:32.000 --> 00:05:35.120 It was really intense for a while, Gomez thirty two says, 89 00:05:35.360 --> 00:05:37.839 it's not easy, but luckily I'm in a much healthier 90 00:05:37.920 --> 00:05:40.360 mindset and I just try not to pay attention to 91 00:05:40.399 --> 00:05:43.680 any noise. As her career took off again with critically 92 00:05:43.720 --> 00:05:47.839 acclaimed roles in Only Murders in the Building, produced by Hulu, 93 00:05:47.920 --> 00:05:52.360 which shares apparent company with National Geographic in the recent 94 00:05:52.439 --> 00:05:56.079 musical film Emelia Perez. She felt compelled to share her 95 00:05:56.120 --> 00:05:59.199 experience in a way that could help others. She did 96 00:05:59.199 --> 00:06:02.399 this most intimately Lee through the twenty twenty two documentary 97 00:06:02.720 --> 00:06:06.000 Selena Gomez, My Mind and Me. I was terrified, she 98 00:06:06.079 --> 00:06:09.319 says of the project. But I didn't want anyone else 99 00:06:09.360 --> 00:06:12.360 to control the narrative of my experience. I just wanted 100 00:06:12.360 --> 00:06:15.079 to take control of that and be honest. That always 101 00:06:15.120 --> 00:06:18.519 seemed to be my go to. She also directed profits 102 00:06:18.519 --> 00:06:22.519 from her cosmetics company, Rare Beauty to create the Rare 103 00:06:22.600 --> 00:06:26.560 Impact Fund, a nonprofit that provides mental health resources for 104 00:06:26.639 --> 00:06:29.600 young people around the world. I love what I do 105 00:06:29.680 --> 00:06:32.079 more than anything, but to have a purpose behind a 106 00:06:32.120 --> 00:06:35.600 cosmetics brand is very important, she says. I wanted other 107 00:06:35.639 --> 00:06:39.600 people to feel like I wasn't some unattainable thing that 108 00:06:39.639 --> 00:06:43.160 no one could really relate to. Since launching in twenty twenty, 109 00:06:43.319 --> 00:06:48.000 Rare Impact has contributed millions of dollars across thirty organizations 110 00:06:48.040 --> 00:06:53.079 on five continents. Eighteen groups focused on education, crisis response, 111 00:06:53.120 --> 00:06:58.680 and suicide prevention Recipients include the Ever Forward Club in Oakland, California, 112 00:06:59.079 --> 00:07:03.839 which supports at risk young men, and Kolkata Sanved, which 113 00:07:04.040 --> 00:07:07.560 uses dance movement therapy as a form of rehabilitation for 114 00:07:07.680 --> 00:07:12.079 vulnerable children in India and across South Asia. Elise Cohen, 115 00:07:12.240 --> 00:07:16.079 Rare Impacts president, points out that by raising awareness about 116 00:07:16.120 --> 00:07:20.160 these issues, Gomez is also tackling the consistent challenge of 117 00:07:20.199 --> 00:07:23.959 how to raise funds for solutions. People who haven't personally 118 00:07:24.000 --> 00:07:27.800 experienced mental health struggles may now better understand the need 119 00:07:27.879 --> 00:07:31.160 to invest. For her part, Gomez says she just wants 120 00:07:31.199 --> 00:07:34.639 people to know there is help available, support that can 121 00:07:34.680 --> 00:07:37.600 be as private or public as they want. I still 122 00:07:37.600 --> 00:07:39.839 don't have it all figured out, she says. Once I 123 00:07:39.879 --> 00:07:43.600 started having a relationship with my emotions, it helped. This 124 00:07:43.800 --> 00:07:50.319 article by Alexis Okyowo next Oksana Masters, the multi sport 125 00:07:50.399 --> 00:07:54.160 athlete challenging us to rethink what's possible. Six toes on 126 00:07:54.199 --> 00:07:57.839 each foot, five webbed fingers on each hand, no thumbs, 127 00:07:57.920 --> 00:08:02.959 and no tibi. Born with congenital deformities in Ukraine in 128 00:08:03.079 --> 00:08:06.600 nineteen eighty nine, three years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, 129 00:08:07.160 --> 00:08:10.759 Oksana Masters lived at an orphanage until she was nearly eight. 130 00:08:11.639 --> 00:08:13.759 Once adopted, she came to the United States, where her 131 00:08:13.839 --> 00:08:18.480 legs were amputated and she endured painful reconstructive surgeries. Now 132 00:08:18.519 --> 00:08:22.759 thirty five, she has competed in seven consecutive Paralympics, every 133 00:08:22.759 --> 00:08:27.160 Winter and Summer Games since twenty twelve, earning nineteen medals 134 00:08:27.199 --> 00:08:31.680 in hand cycling, rowing, skiing, and biathlon. She models what's 135 00:08:31.720 --> 00:08:35.080 possible and normalizes the idea that we're all unique through 136 00:08:35.120 --> 00:08:38.679 Sisters in Sports, a nonprofit that brings together young girls 137 00:08:38.679 --> 00:08:42.320 and women with disabilities. If one of those competitors eventually 138 00:08:42.399 --> 00:08:45.639 ends up beating Masters, she'll be the first to congratulate her. 139 00:08:46.080 --> 00:08:48.279 I want those women to take that torch and carry 140 00:08:48.279 --> 00:08:50.879 it past me, she says. Just thinking about it gives 141 00:08:50.879 --> 00:08:57.080 her goosebumps. By Christine Phantasy Next Taishan Hayden Smith, the 142 00:08:57.120 --> 00:09:01.519 Gorilla Gardener, bringing horticulture to a new generation. When Tashon 143 00:09:01.679 --> 00:09:04.720 Hayden Smith was growing up in London public housing, he 144 00:09:04.799 --> 00:09:08.080 dreamed of becoming a soccer star. His family's small garden 145 00:09:08.120 --> 00:09:11.879 became his pitch, inspiring a pro career. After the Grenfeld 146 00:09:11.919 --> 00:09:15.639 Tower fire devastated the same community. In twenty seventeen, he 147 00:09:15.759 --> 00:09:19.919 returned home and began rehabbing urban parcels into green spaces. 148 00:09:20.320 --> 00:09:23.799 He founded Grow to Know, which makes nature more accessible 149 00:09:23.799 --> 00:09:27.960 to everyone while educating a diverse new generation of gardeners. 150 00:09:28.120 --> 00:09:32.360 In the garden, boundaries and barriers come down, says Hayden Smith, 151 00:09:32.559 --> 00:09:35.639 who's doing his part to make blighted neighborhoods bloom again. 152 00:09:36.120 --> 00:09:42.159 By Alex Hoyt. Emily Liman, The scientist deepening our understanding 153 00:09:42.240 --> 00:09:46.200 of human senses. Emily Leman is raising the question of 154 00:09:46.240 --> 00:09:49.240 whether there are more than just five basic tastes. An 155 00:09:49.279 --> 00:09:52.840 expert in human perception, She's revealed a class of proteins 156 00:09:52.879 --> 00:09:56.960 that detect both acids and ammonium chloride, the ingredient that 157 00:09:57.039 --> 00:10:02.080 gives Nordic salt licorice. It's astrndent favor flavor. The work 158 00:10:02.200 --> 00:10:07.559 holds potential health benefits with new insight on otopetrons, compounds 159 00:10:07.840 --> 00:10:11.000 that have been linked to colon cancer. Whenever we find 160 00:10:11.039 --> 00:10:12.919 a molecule in the body that has sort of a 161 00:10:12.960 --> 00:10:16.159 new function, Lehmann says, we can better understand how our 162 00:10:16.200 --> 00:10:19.679 body works and how we can manipulate it. By Lauren 163 00:10:19.799 --> 00:10:25.399 Vespoli Jason Momoa, the actor using his superpowers to protect 164 00:10:25.399 --> 00:10:29.600 our oceans long before he played Aquaman, rightful heir to 165 00:10:29.639 --> 00:10:33.759 the underwater kingdom of Atlantis. Actor Jason Momoa was an 166 00:10:33.759 --> 00:10:36.919 aqua boy. Born in Hawaii, Momoa spent much of his 167 00:10:37.000 --> 00:10:40.159 childhood in smalltown, Iowa, where he lived with his mother. 168 00:10:40.559 --> 00:10:44.480 But even landlocked, he was extremely invested in aquatic ecosystems, 169 00:10:44.960 --> 00:10:48.759 spending his high school years taking college level marine biology classes. 170 00:10:49.360 --> 00:10:53.600 We had all these up aquariums, Momoa forty five says, animatedly, 171 00:10:53.960 --> 00:10:57.759 recalling the campuses, eels and sharks. That's where it all started. 172 00:10:57.799 --> 00:11:01.360 I was in marine biology in Iowa. After high school. 173 00:11:01.399 --> 00:11:04.039 He was cast in bay Watch at nineteen, not an 174 00:11:04.080 --> 00:11:07.480 obvious avenue toward a marine biology career, but a move 175 00:11:07.559 --> 00:11:12.000 that was ocean adjacent. Nonetheless, a new trajectory opened up, 176 00:11:12.000 --> 00:11:15.240 and with Rowells in Game of Thrones, Doune, and of 177 00:11:15.279 --> 00:11:19.840 course Aquaman, he became a Hollywood star. Mamoa's love of 178 00:11:19.879 --> 00:11:23.159 the ocean persists in these days. He sees himself as 179 00:11:23.200 --> 00:11:26.600 a megaphone for experts whose voices don't carry quite as 180 00:11:26.639 --> 00:11:29.240 far as his. In twenty twenty two, he linked up 181 00:11:29.279 --> 00:11:33.440 with the un Environment Program, becoming its advocate for Life 182 00:11:33.480 --> 00:11:36.799 below Water. Not long ago, Frustrated by all the plastic 183 00:11:36.879 --> 00:11:40.440 water bottles Mamoa saw on plains, he started an aluminum 184 00:11:40.440 --> 00:11:46.120 water bottle company manan Na Lo Lola, which means which 185 00:11:47.080 --> 00:11:53.600 moves that include a partnership with reusable water bottomling system Boomerang. 186 00:11:53.919 --> 00:11:57.600 Mimoa is always chasing sustainability. I'm trying to make a change, 187 00:11:57.600 --> 00:12:01.600 he says, and I'm trying to be accountable by Lauren Larsen. 188 00:12:02.759 --> 00:12:07.799 Next Jennifer Uchendu, the climate activist creating spaces for Africans 189 00:12:07.840 --> 00:12:13.279 to process their echo anxiety. For years, Jennifer Uchendo had 190 00:12:13.480 --> 00:12:17.159 been warning fellow Nigerians about the imminent dangers of climate 191 00:12:17.279 --> 00:12:20.960 change without realizing that a related issue had escaped her attention. 192 00:12:21.480 --> 00:12:25.919 Simply put, she felt increasingly anxious and overwhelmed. Residents of 193 00:12:25.960 --> 00:12:29.440 the global South experienced some of the most dramatic effects 194 00:12:29.440 --> 00:12:34.679 of climate change flooded cities, drought stricken farmland, excruciating heat waves, 195 00:12:34.960 --> 00:12:40.240 often without contributing significantly to the problem themselves. For Uchendu, 196 00:12:40.840 --> 00:12:45.600 who was acting as a sustainability consultant in local communities 197 00:12:45.840 --> 00:12:49.399 and had launched a blog susty vibes to help young 198 00:12:49.440 --> 00:12:53.720 people reduce their carbon footprint and encourage more accountability among others. 199 00:12:54.080 --> 00:12:56.480 It felt like she couldn't make a difference fast enough. 200 00:12:57.080 --> 00:13:00.000 International leaders certainly didn't seem to be taking the check 201 00:13:00.080 --> 00:13:04.000 challenges that her community faced seriously. I came from a 202 00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:06.840 place of anger and frustration, she says. I felt like 203 00:13:06.919 --> 00:13:09.559 I either do the hard work of exploring these emotions 204 00:13:10.000 --> 00:13:13.039 or I completely give up and do something else. Then 205 00:13:13.120 --> 00:13:16.480 a twenty twenty Uchandu had an idea. She started a 206 00:13:16.519 --> 00:13:20.759 project to validate and explore emotional responses to climate change 207 00:13:20.799 --> 00:13:25.960 for her community. The Echo Anxiety in Africa Project or TEAP, 208 00:13:26.720 --> 00:13:30.519 is a Lagos based organization that helps young Africans meet 209 00:13:30.600 --> 00:13:34.679 and talk about the emotions they are feeling around climate change. 210 00:13:34.720 --> 00:13:38.000 Two years ago, TAP launched a cafe in its office, 211 00:13:38.080 --> 00:13:41.759 offering a gathering space for its members. Tiap's leaders want 212 00:13:41.799 --> 00:13:44.639 to inspire a sense of empowerment among the more than 213 00:13:44.679 --> 00:13:48.039 seven hundred people who've joined the project, whether the goal 214 00:13:48.159 --> 00:13:52.000 is to plant more trees or lower an electricity bill. 215 00:13:52.519 --> 00:13:57.720 Conversations among members often explore intersecting hardships in Nigeria. Even 216 00:13:57.759 --> 00:14:00.720 though we've come together because of climate change. It's not 217 00:14:00.919 --> 00:14:04.039 out of place when some one talks about unemployment or 218 00:14:04.080 --> 00:14:06.919 the high prices of food, because we see that these 219 00:14:06.960 --> 00:14:11.399 are the broader impacts of the problem. Uchendu says. She's 220 00:14:11.440 --> 00:14:14.679 since expanded TEA up to several more states in Nigeria, 221 00:14:15.159 --> 00:14:18.720 and she plans to train organizers to create similar spaces 222 00:14:18.759 --> 00:14:23.120 in South Africa, Ghana and Kenya. Meanwhile, she's conducting research 223 00:14:23.159 --> 00:14:26.639 with the University of Nottingham in England about the emotional 224 00:14:26.720 --> 00:14:31.159 impact of climate change for urban residence in large African cities, 225 00:14:31.480 --> 00:14:34.679 which may raise awareness of the problem. More broadly. As 226 00:14:34.799 --> 00:14:38.159 Uchendu sees it, providing a venue for young Africans to 227 00:14:38.200 --> 00:14:42.320 talk about their egoss anxiety is an essential step in 228 00:14:42.399 --> 00:14:45.480 continuing the fight for a better future. If young people 229 00:14:45.480 --> 00:14:48.639 feel completely powerless and crippled, it's not just a public 230 00:14:48.679 --> 00:14:52.080 health crisis, but a disaster for climate change. She says, 231 00:14:52.399 --> 00:14:55.399 you have to have the energy to do something. That's 232 00:14:55.519 --> 00:15:02.200 another valuable resource to protect. By Charlie Locke. Next, hamdi Ulukaya, 233 00:15:02.759 --> 00:15:06.360 the business leader matching refugees with good jobs. The son 234 00:15:06.480 --> 00:15:11.240 of Kurdish sheep farmers, hamdi Ulukaya fled his native Turkey 235 00:15:11.279 --> 00:15:14.799 after being targeted for supporting the rights of fellow Kurds. 236 00:15:14.879 --> 00:15:18.799 While founding Chobani, the Greek yogurt company in Upstate New York, 237 00:15:19.080 --> 00:15:22.879 he often thought about others fleeing persecution and began hiring 238 00:15:22.879 --> 00:15:26.360 from a nearby refugee settlement center. He has since created 239 00:15:26.399 --> 00:15:30.360 the Tent Partnership for Refugees, a nonprofit that has helped 240 00:15:30.440 --> 00:15:34.200 tens of thousands of displaced people find jobs around the world, 241 00:15:34.399 --> 00:15:40.639 including with Airbnb, MasterCard, Ups, and Ikea. Chobani now employs 242 00:15:40.679 --> 00:15:44.120 a work force that speaks more than twenty languages. Our 243 00:15:44.200 --> 00:15:46.279 pitch is that you're not going to find more loyal, 244 00:15:46.360 --> 00:15:49.279 hard working, and determined people to work for your company, 245 00:15:49.279 --> 00:15:51.679 He says, They'll never forget that you open the door 246 00:15:51.759 --> 00:15:56.799 for them. Next Edward Norton, the actor, imagining a new 247 00:15:56.799 --> 00:16:00.399 way to conserve African wildlife. From an early age, Edward 248 00:16:00.480 --> 00:16:03.519 Norton was given an education in what protecting the environment 249 00:16:03.559 --> 00:16:09.279 really requires. His father, Edward M. Norton, an environmental litigator, 250 00:16:09.559 --> 00:16:12.440 founded the Grand Canyon Trust and co founded the Rails 251 00:16:12.440 --> 00:16:17.039 to Trail's Conservancy. Norton's maternal grandfather, the real estate developer 252 00:16:17.039 --> 00:16:21.120 and urban planner James Rouse was a pioneer in low 253 00:16:21.159 --> 00:16:24.519 income housing policy. I just grew up listening to people 254 00:16:24.519 --> 00:16:29.600 talking about social entrepreneurship, mission driven strategy and fundraising. Norton 255 00:16:29.679 --> 00:16:33.240 fifty five explains, everyone around me was always on the stump, 256 00:16:33.399 --> 00:16:36.440 nobly trying to raise money. I certainly cannot remember a 257 00:16:36.480 --> 00:16:41.279 time my dad wasn't raising money for environmental organizations. Norton 258 00:16:41.320 --> 00:16:44.159 built his own career in a different field, writing his 259 00:16:44.240 --> 00:16:47.639 works in films like American History, ex Fight Club, and 260 00:16:47.799 --> 00:16:50.480 Twenty fifth Hour to a perch as one of his 261 00:16:50.600 --> 00:16:55.240 generation's best regarded actors. Most recently, he played social justice 262 00:16:55.320 --> 00:17:00.440 legend Pete Seeger to Timide Challemet's hunchy young Bob Dylan 263 00:17:00.559 --> 00:17:04.039 in A Complete Unknown. When Norton first became famous, he 264 00:17:04.119 --> 00:17:08.680 concluded that he wasn't interested in garden variety celebrity ambassador work. 265 00:17:09.079 --> 00:17:11.319 One thing I've always had a very very sharp sense 266 00:17:11.359 --> 00:17:15.119 of is that I'm not interested in accessorizing or being 267 00:17:15.279 --> 00:17:19.000 some weak sauce kind of articulator. He says, I'm not 268 00:17:19.119 --> 00:17:22.000 interested in what I would call the soft mission of 269 00:17:22.039 --> 00:17:25.000 being a public advocate. It's not that I don't believe 270 00:17:25.039 --> 00:17:28.079 those things are important, but that held no nourishment for me. 271 00:17:28.720 --> 00:17:31.200 What does nourish Norton, he says, is his work with 272 00:17:31.240 --> 00:17:37.279 a Kenya based organization called the Mahasi Wilderness Conservation Trust. Norton, 273 00:17:37.319 --> 00:17:40.680 who serves as president of the group's US board, describes 274 00:17:40.720 --> 00:17:44.960 it as an economic development first organization, figuring out how 275 00:17:45.000 --> 00:17:50.559 to create preferential economics out of natural resources for communities, 276 00:17:50.960 --> 00:17:53.319 which is another way of saying that the Trust is 277 00:17:53.359 --> 00:17:59.279 dedicated to thinking creatively about ways to tie ma Asai 278 00:17:59.759 --> 00:18:02.559 of efforts of protecting their land and the wildlife there 279 00:18:02.720 --> 00:18:05.880 to economic development. The group does plenty of the things 280 00:18:05.920 --> 00:18:09.720 you might expect from a Kenyon conservacy. We run over 281 00:18:09.799 --> 00:18:15.759 two hundred twenty community rangers, wildlife enforcement, biodiversity monitoring, all 282 00:18:15.799 --> 00:18:18.920 of that stuff, Norton says, But the Trust, he explains, 283 00:18:19.000 --> 00:18:22.599 is a receptacle for bolder ideas too. One project he's 284 00:18:22.640 --> 00:18:26.039 particularly proud of funnel's revenue from the sale of carbon 285 00:18:26.119 --> 00:18:31.039 offsets to local Masai communities, who use that money to 286 00:18:31.119 --> 00:18:36.079 support health, education and conservation initiatives. The sizeable concern that 287 00:18:36.160 --> 00:18:39.559 preoccupies Norton would be familiar to his father and grandfather. 288 00:18:40.000 --> 00:18:42.640 What he refers to as the white knuckle experience of 289 00:18:42.720 --> 00:18:46.440 raising funds. This led Norton to a realization, we can't 290 00:18:46.519 --> 00:18:51.559 have the global conservation movement remain a donor funded philanthropic strategy. 291 00:18:51.640 --> 00:18:55.759 He says, it just can't. It not only can't scale, 292 00:18:56.000 --> 00:18:59.880 it fundamentally is too unstable. A new model is needed 293 00:18:59.880 --> 00:19:03.279 in Norton gets especially energized when discussing what he thinks 294 00:19:03.279 --> 00:19:07.839 it will be a reimagining of the luxury ecotourism model 295 00:19:08.200 --> 00:19:11.480 to better support conservation efforts. The way Norton and his 296 00:19:11.599 --> 00:19:15.720 partners see it, tourist dollars being spent in fragile places 297 00:19:15.920 --> 00:19:18.839 ought to remain in country, or, better yet, in community. 298 00:19:19.599 --> 00:19:23.400 Norton and his team started a company called Conservation Equity 299 00:19:23.720 --> 00:19:27.440 that will invest in tourism in critical places, but crucially, 300 00:19:27.920 --> 00:19:32.920 will reinvest its profits locally rather than delivering returns to shareholders. 301 00:19:33.440 --> 00:19:36.480 Norton is bullish on the model's prospects. I think what 302 00:19:36.480 --> 00:19:39.000 we are doing has no precedent, he says. If we 303 00:19:39.039 --> 00:19:41.480 get it right, I would argue we'll have contributed a 304 00:19:41.480 --> 00:19:46.000 big new idea about how conservation can be financed and 305 00:19:46.279 --> 00:19:50.880 incentivized and economically structured globally. I think We're on the 306 00:19:50.880 --> 00:19:55.160 cusp of demonstrating how powerful tourism could actually be if 307 00:19:55.200 --> 00:19:57.799 the mission driven world can come up with a model 308 00:19:57.880 --> 00:20:02.400 to compete against private equity capital. Norton thinks we're at 309 00:20:02.400 --> 00:20:06.319 a pivotal moment where the mechanism of conservation can be reinvented. 310 00:20:06.839 --> 00:20:09.200 We are in the era of the economics of nature. 311 00:20:09.519 --> 00:20:13.519 We're forcing ourselves to accurately account for nature within our 312 00:20:13.559 --> 00:20:16.640 economic system. He says it may not be as romantic 313 00:20:16.680 --> 00:20:20.039 as John Moore, but I think it's got to be 314 00:20:20.119 --> 00:20:23.119 acknowledged that the needs of eight billion people are not 315 00:20:23.200 --> 00:20:26.960 going to take second tier priority to the spiritual value 316 00:20:27.000 --> 00:20:30.079 of nature. They're just not. If you cannot deliver a 317 00:20:30.119 --> 00:20:36.559 more resilient and superior economic outcome from stewardship and restorative 318 00:20:36.599 --> 00:20:40.839 stewardship of nature, you lose, And Norton isn't particularly interested 319 00:20:40.920 --> 00:20:47.839 in losing. By Sam Shubey next Cole Brower, the Fearless 320 00:20:47.920 --> 00:20:50.920 Sailor bringing her sport to a new group of fans. 321 00:20:51.519 --> 00:20:54.519 Cole Brower didn't grow up going to a yacht club. 322 00:20:54.640 --> 00:20:57.279 It was only at a college student living in Honolulu 323 00:20:57.359 --> 00:21:01.279 that the idea hit. I just googled sailing Hawaii, says Brauer, 324 00:21:01.720 --> 00:21:04.400 now thirty, of her casual introduction to the sport that 325 00:21:04.480 --> 00:21:08.119 changed her life. Last year, a decade after that start, 326 00:21:08.200 --> 00:21:11.680 Brauer became the first American woman to sail solo, NonStop 327 00:21:11.759 --> 00:21:15.440 and unassisted around the world. When she set out, Brauer 328 00:21:15.519 --> 00:21:19.079 had about ten thousand Instagram followers, eighty five percent of 329 00:21:19.079 --> 00:21:22.960 whom were men, pretty standard for a male dominated sport. 330 00:21:23.440 --> 00:21:25.759 After one hundred thirty days at sea, she had roughly 331 00:21:25.839 --> 00:21:30.000 five hundred thousand followers, and the demographics had shifted. Half 332 00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:34.400 her audience was now female. Inspiring others matters to Brauer, 333 00:21:34.440 --> 00:21:37.279 who wants to demonstrate what's possible for women and for 334 00:21:37.359 --> 00:21:40.759 people who didn't grow up around yachts. By Eva Holland 335 00:21:41.880 --> 00:21:47.200 Next Sana Javari Kadri, the entrepreneur inspiring a more sustainable 336 00:21:47.200 --> 00:21:52.119 and ethical spice trade. Sana Javari Kadri's radical quest to 337 00:21:52.160 --> 00:21:55.359 disrupt the global spice industry started with one small action. 338 00:21:55.839 --> 00:21:59.119 She took an aim at golden milk lattes. Nearly a 339 00:21:59.160 --> 00:22:03.000 decade ago and twenty sixteen, Javeri Cadri was working in 340 00:22:03.039 --> 00:22:06.000 marketing for a large San Francisco grocery store when she 341 00:22:06.079 --> 00:22:09.440 noticed the fad sweeping America's coffee shops. She knew the 342 00:22:09.519 --> 00:22:13.960 drink's key ingredient, Howard. Turmeric, grew mostly in her native India, 343 00:22:14.359 --> 00:22:18.640 but unlike existing varieties of farm to table coffee, chocolate, 344 00:22:19.000 --> 00:22:23.960 or fruit, there was little visibility in to the supply chain. 345 00:22:24.599 --> 00:22:27.720 When she returned to Mumbai early the following year, Javeri 346 00:22:27.799 --> 00:22:32.640 Kadri investigated and realized two things. Some regenerative farmers in 347 00:22:32.640 --> 00:22:37.160 India used distinct growing and processing techniques that resulted in 348 00:22:37.279 --> 00:22:41.799 varieties far superior to anything she'd seen across Mumbai in California, 349 00:22:42.240 --> 00:22:45.440 and yet no farmers seemed to be profiting from tumeric's 350 00:22:45.440 --> 00:22:49.720 newfound vogue among wellness seekers. So she decided to reinvent 351 00:22:49.759 --> 00:22:53.680 the supply chain. That naivete meant that we built something 352 00:22:53.720 --> 00:22:57.599 from scratch and made something possible that previously didn't seem possible, 353 00:22:57.640 --> 00:23:00.839 she says. The global spice trade is rooted in more 354 00:23:00.839 --> 00:23:04.799 than five hundred years of colonialism, marked by long supply chains, 355 00:23:04.880 --> 00:23:09.000 little transparency, and farmers paid a pittance for their labor. 356 00:23:09.519 --> 00:23:13.240 Spices often sit in transit between grower and grocery for years, 357 00:23:13.559 --> 00:23:17.799 losing potency in the process. So Javeri Kadri invested the 358 00:23:17.799 --> 00:23:20.160 only money she had about three thousand dollars from her 359 00:23:20.240 --> 00:23:24.519 tax refund, to buy the freshest tumeric she could find 360 00:23:24.559 --> 00:23:27.480 and bring it to California. I was hand packing it 361 00:23:27.519 --> 00:23:29.640 in my basement and then selling it on the internet, 362 00:23:29.680 --> 00:23:32.920 she remembers. Thanks to a knack for Instagram marketing in 363 00:23:32.960 --> 00:23:36.160 a few key contacts in the food world, the business 364 00:23:36.279 --> 00:23:43.200 took off. Today, Javeri Cadre's Diaspora Company offers forty one spices, 365 00:23:43.240 --> 00:23:47.240 including black peppercorn and cardamen and spice blends sourced from 366 00:23:47.279 --> 00:23:52.640 India and Sri Lanka. Unlike conventional spice companies, Diaspora deals 367 00:23:52.680 --> 00:23:55.880 directly with more than one hundred fifty farms, reaching thousands 368 00:23:55.920 --> 00:23:59.160 of farm workers, while paying them on average four times 369 00:23:59.160 --> 00:24:03.000 the commodity price for the organic spices they grow. Fair 370 00:24:03.039 --> 00:24:07.440 Trade International, by comparison, pays just fifteen percent above market. 371 00:24:08.079 --> 00:24:11.400 The high quality product allows the company to charge a premium, 372 00:24:11.519 --> 00:24:14.359 which has led to more investment in its farm partners. 373 00:24:15.039 --> 00:24:18.599 To Veri Kadri is continuing to offer customers an unmatched 374 00:24:18.680 --> 00:24:22.359 level of transparency, sharing the farms on which each spice 375 00:24:22.440 --> 00:24:25.680 is grown, as well as harvest dates and contract prices. 376 00:24:26.079 --> 00:24:28.920 Because we're sourcing from South Asia, I think there's a 377 00:24:29.039 --> 00:24:32.079 very problematic assumption that it should be cheap. She says. 378 00:24:32.440 --> 00:24:36.240 That's basically the effects of colonialism and racism, where we're 379 00:24:36.240 --> 00:24:41.720 devaluing this labor and we're devaluing the worth of this product. Meanwhile, 380 00:24:41.759 --> 00:24:45.960 the company recently expanded into whole foods and wholesale distribution. 381 00:24:46.480 --> 00:24:51.160 There's a difference you can taste by Elizabeth Dunn. Next, 382 00:24:51.319 --> 00:24:56.440 Ivan Aki Sawyer and Eugenia Kargbo. The local leader, is 383 00:24:56.480 --> 00:24:59.960 saving their city from a climate emergency. A decade aga, 384 00:25:00.400 --> 00:25:04.640 just as Sierra Leon's Ebola epidemic was ending, Yvonne Aki 385 00:25:04.720 --> 00:25:08.920 Sawyer saw the effects of another catastrophe. The tropical rainforests 386 00:25:09.039 --> 00:25:12.400 encircling the country's capital, Freetown, had been cut down for 387 00:25:12.440 --> 00:25:16.240 housing and fuel. I just suddenly noticed the level of deforestation, 388 00:25:16.359 --> 00:25:19.799 she says. I literally parked my car and wept. Today, 389 00:25:19.799 --> 00:25:23.759 temperatures there routinely exceed a hundred degrees fahrenheit, accompanied by 390 00:25:23.799 --> 00:25:27.720 deadly floods and landslides during the rainy season, including a 391 00:25:27.799 --> 00:25:31.039 mudslide in twenty seventeen that killed more than a thousand people. 392 00:25:31.759 --> 00:25:34.720 One of the most climate vulnerable countries in the world, 393 00:25:35.039 --> 00:25:38.839 Sierra Leone is also one of the poorest, severely restricting 394 00:25:38.880 --> 00:25:42.599 its ability to adapt to a crisis primarily caused by 395 00:25:42.599 --> 00:25:47.160 wealthy nations burning fossil fuels. If that sounds bleak, Aqi Sawyer, 396 00:25:47.519 --> 00:25:50.759 who campaigned against the blood diamond trade and co founded 397 00:25:50.799 --> 00:25:53.920 a charity that helped women and children displaced by the 398 00:25:53.960 --> 00:25:57.799 country's civil war before being elected as Freetown's mayor in 399 00:25:57.839 --> 00:26:01.680 twenty eighteen, offers another way of thinking. Things that aren't 400 00:26:01.759 --> 00:26:04.680 right don't need to stay that way, she says. Born 401 00:26:04.720 --> 00:26:07.279