1 00:00:34,119 --> 00:00:37,920 What up? Everybody? Welcome to another episode of Let's Ask Paul, the 2 00:00:37,920 --> 00:00:43,039 podcast where you get to ask me anything you want about the National Electrical Code, 3 00:00:43,079 --> 00:00:48,280 electrical theory, whatnot, all by simply going to Paul Abernathy dot com. 4 00:00:48,359 --> 00:00:54,280 It's a free resource that's available for everybody over at Paul Abernathy dot com. 5 00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:58,119 It's free, doesn't cost you a dime. And if you've had those 6 00:00:58,119 --> 00:01:02,600 issues where you've been on social media, or maybe you've been on Facebook or 7 00:01:02,679 --> 00:01:06,599 Facebook group or been somewhere and people post stuff and you're like, wait a 8 00:01:06,640 --> 00:01:14,640 minute, wait a minute, that just that just that just doesn't seem right, 9 00:01:15,480 --> 00:01:18,560 then guess what. You have a resource. Just cut and paste it 10 00:01:18,760 --> 00:01:22,719 over at Paul Aberdaty dot com. And I'm more than happy to opine about 11 00:01:22,719 --> 00:01:26,040 it. And now I could respond in an email to you directly, or 12 00:01:26,120 --> 00:01:32,439 if I feel like it's something that many people can benefit from, then I'll 13 00:01:32,480 --> 00:01:37,239 turn it into a podcast and share it out with everybody. Again, we 14 00:01:37,280 --> 00:01:41,680 want to also go on and thank everybody for listening to our podcasts and sharing 15 00:01:41,719 --> 00:01:47,599 it. And again it's every month after month, it's it's amazing. Over 16 00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:52,680 three hundred thousand unique downloads, it's just it's been consistent. We did a 17 00:01:52,680 --> 00:01:55,280 little bit of a drop and then it goes up and down. But again, 18 00:01:56,560 --> 00:02:00,599 we're on so many platforms that and we have over a thousand episodes depending 19 00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:07,120 on the platform, and we're just so grateful that people listen to our podcast 20 00:02:07,359 --> 00:02:09,879 and share it with other people and you get something out of it. That's 21 00:02:09,960 --> 00:02:15,120 the thing, because sometimes I'm just rambling and sometimes I'm actually teaching you something. 22 00:02:15,240 --> 00:02:17,400 So that's the beauty of my podcast. I'll do whatever the hell I 23 00:02:17,439 --> 00:02:23,639 want, So we appreciate, we do appreciate everybody that listens to the podcast 24 00:02:23,680 --> 00:02:28,560 and hopefully you learn something from it. But again it's free Paul Avernathy dot 25 00:02:28,599 --> 00:02:30,319 com And again if you have our mobile app, which is free as well, 26 00:02:30,919 --> 00:02:35,479 then you can get right to under the resources, you can get right 27 00:02:35,520 --> 00:02:38,879 to let's ask Paul, and you can ask questions directly through the mobile app. 28 00:02:38,360 --> 00:02:40,759 But we also have a chat feature on there as well, so you 29 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:44,879 can post a question, post an image. Maybe you're on a job site 30 00:02:44,879 --> 00:02:47,159 and you want to post an image of something. You want comments. I 31 00:02:47,319 --> 00:02:53,560 monitor it. Schwartzea monitors, Ted monitors, a bunch of great resources on 32 00:02:53,599 --> 00:02:58,400 there were monitoring it all the times. Not as many people use the chat 33 00:02:58,400 --> 00:03:02,039 feature as I would like. I would like it to be very vibrant over 34 00:03:02,039 --> 00:03:07,360 there and people sharing things. But you know, again, some people just 35 00:03:07,439 --> 00:03:09,039 aren't as active. So and I get it. It's all good. But 36 00:03:09,080 --> 00:03:13,439 we're going to continue to answer those questions for you. So that's another resource 37 00:03:13,439 --> 00:03:16,240 that you can use. Okay, So today I want to talk a little 38 00:03:16,280 --> 00:03:23,360 bit about some basic fundamentals that you know, people struggle with, not just 39 00:03:23,439 --> 00:03:28,080 for electrical exams, but in real life. And we'll kind of talk about 40 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:30,000 a little bit of real life scenarios when it comes to things like Ohlms Law 41 00:03:31,080 --> 00:03:35,639 series and parallels in the concepts and what you need to learn, the basics, 42 00:03:35,639 --> 00:03:38,719 some of the rules, some rules you got to follow. Now, 43 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:43,919 I will say that, for example, a voltage drop. For those that 44 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:49,800 are listening to this podcast, we have released two pocket wallet voltage drop. 45 00:03:50,479 --> 00:03:53,560 Well I shouldn't say two. It's a card that you can keep in your 46 00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:57,800 wallet so that you don't have to remember voltage drop. Again. Remember, 47 00:03:57,919 --> 00:04:03,400 voltage drop, for example, is only required in things like sensitive electronic equipment, 48 00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:09,879 uh and also in fire pump applications. And they're they are not the 49 00:04:09,960 --> 00:04:14,599 three percent and five percent overall that we're familiar with with the informational notes in 50 00:04:14,599 --> 00:04:23,319 to ten uh, to fifteen and to thirty right, the voluntarily telling you 51 00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:25,959 not to exceed three percent on the branch, that type of thing. So 52 00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:33,439 these these are voluntary, whereas in sensitive electronic equipment as well as with fire 53 00:04:33,519 --> 00:04:38,920 pumps, it's a mandatory thing to take voltage drop into consideration come for the 54 00:04:38,959 --> 00:04:43,839 reliability of those circuits involved and whatnot. And you would think that voltage drop, 55 00:04:44,199 --> 00:04:48,839 because of that nature, would be more serious in the code in sense 56 00:04:48,920 --> 00:04:54,079 of not being optional or a voluntary thing under an informational note. You would 57 00:04:54,079 --> 00:04:57,959 think it would be something that would be worked by now into the code. 58 00:04:58,839 --> 00:05:02,160 And the reason really that people don't jump in clamor to getting that into the 59 00:05:02,199 --> 00:05:08,279 code is that you know, for motors, for example, motors have overloads, 60 00:05:08,920 --> 00:05:14,920 and so again you've got short circuit ground fault protection UH requirements and in 61 00:05:14,959 --> 00:05:18,079 four thirty dot fifty two requirements for sizing, but then you have the overload 62 00:05:18,120 --> 00:05:24,160 requirement for thirty thirty two that your circuits are pretty well protected, right, 63 00:05:24,240 --> 00:05:27,240 and the motor's pretty well protected. So that's the only one you know, 64 00:05:27,279 --> 00:05:30,680 for example, they say, well, voltas drop can affect motors, Now 65 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:35,360 it can, uh, And having a voltage that drops below the you know, 66 00:05:35,399 --> 00:05:42,480 the the operating range can cause the motor to prematurely heat up or shut 67 00:05:42,600 --> 00:05:46,720 down with the overloads, and that becomes a problem, a bigger nuisance problem, 68 00:05:46,759 --> 00:05:49,199 but it probably could you know, wear on the life of that motor. 69 00:05:49,920 --> 00:05:54,959 So people want to take voltas drop into you know, into consideration in 70 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:58,879 their design, whether or not it's required or not. And then of course 71 00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:01,759 you hear everybody talk about voltage drop. Oh, I'm running Noma tallashed cable 72 00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:08,920 across this long run or these use little mega mansions that I see where they 73 00:06:09,040 --> 00:06:12,839 run these fourteen twos and twelve twos, you know, one hundred and fifty 74 00:06:12,839 --> 00:06:16,600 two hundred and fifty feet before they even hit the first outlet box. So 75 00:06:17,759 --> 00:06:24,000 voltus drop is a very serious issue to take into consideration. But it's not 76 00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:26,720 in the code as a requirement, and I know people say it should be, 77 00:06:26,759 --> 00:06:30,160 and I encourage all you out there to submit your public inputs for that, 78 00:06:30,360 --> 00:06:34,079 and your next opportunity for that's going to probably be around twenty twenty seven 79 00:06:34,120 --> 00:06:38,680 when we're start working on the twenty twenty nine, hopefully they start working on 80 00:06:38,720 --> 00:06:44,360 it. Hopefully I'm retired by then, but who knows. So at the 81 00:06:44,439 --> 00:06:47,439 end of the day, you know, we we have those cards available that 82 00:06:47,480 --> 00:06:51,000 are fit in your wallet that cover how to size the circular mill, how 83 00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:55,279 to size the maximum length and all that, and it even explains to you 84 00:06:55,319 --> 00:06:58,800 how to calculate the exact k which you really don't need to worry about, 85 00:06:59,360 --> 00:07:02,000 you know, you just just follow what's on the card. You don't have 86 00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:04,319 to worry about it. But hey, if you want to know, I 87 00:07:04,360 --> 00:07:09,079 do always try to educate. So that's Those cards are available over on our 88 00:07:09,079 --> 00:07:12,800 website. Pick up one. I think they're five ninety nine and that includes 89 00:07:12,839 --> 00:07:17,319 shipping, so you know, it's basically just the cost of producing them, 90 00:07:17,319 --> 00:07:20,879 the material and the time, and the shipping's already built in. So check 91 00:07:20,920 --> 00:07:25,639 them out over at fasttracksystem dot com if you're interested in getting one of those 92 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:30,319 for your wallet. Okay, let's talk a little bit about Ohm's law. 93 00:07:30,959 --> 00:07:36,879 I'm sure you all are familiar with Ohms law and the concepts of Ohlms laws. 94 00:07:36,959 --> 00:07:42,199 The rate of the flow of the current is equal to the electromotive force 95 00:07:42,319 --> 00:07:46,920 divided by the resistance. Okay, So in most of your OWMS wheels, 96 00:07:46,079 --> 00:07:49,800 and not all of them, people can get creative in the nomenclature they use 97 00:07:49,839 --> 00:07:56,879 of an omes wheel. But typically in most of your basic fundamental formulas for 98 00:07:56,959 --> 00:08:01,759 the OHMS wheel uses I as the intensity of current, which is what we're 99 00:08:01,759 --> 00:08:07,319 going to refer to as ampeers or amps. E is the electromotive force. 100 00:08:07,720 --> 00:08:13,079 E on our OHMS wheels refers to vaults. So again some of the OHMS 101 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:16,319 wheels that as you see from people, they'll actually use v instead of E. 102 00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:20,160 But you know, either way, you might see it either way. 103 00:08:20,319 --> 00:08:24,319 Just once you're familiar with the you know the formula flow, it doesn't really 104 00:08:24,360 --> 00:08:28,879 matter. R is resistance and that ends in OHMS. And then of course 105 00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:37,159 P is power, which again is watts. Right. So the basic formula 106 00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:41,480 that you get that you start off with when you're wanting to learn something like 107 00:08:41,519 --> 00:08:45,200 OHMS law uh, and it'll serve you well because I mean you could be 108 00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:50,600 doing and I'll give you an example of a practical calculation or a practical aspect 109 00:08:50,639 --> 00:08:52,639 to it, and then I'll talk about how this may come into play in 110 00:08:52,639 --> 00:08:58,759 a in a dwelling or something or a building you know, in commercial the 111 00:08:58,759 --> 00:09:01,519 engineers probably take care of it for you, but in residential, you know, 112 00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:03,879 that's you know, you got to think about it a little bit. 113 00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:07,960 Especially now. It's less today with the LEDs that we're installing, but it's 114 00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:11,759 still something you have to take into consideration when you're laying out your circuits and 115 00:09:11,799 --> 00:09:16,039 things like that for the lighting, for example. So your basic three formulas 116 00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:20,519 is, if you want to solve for I, which is uh intensity of 117 00:09:20,559 --> 00:09:24,279 current which is ampiers, then it would be just E, which is the 118 00:09:24,399 --> 00:09:30,399 voltage, divided by R, which is the ohms. Now, if you 119 00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:33,759 want to solve for R, which is the ohms, then you have to 120 00:09:33,799 --> 00:09:35,960 have the E which is the voltage, and you have to have the I 121 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:41,840 which is the current. And if you want to solve for E which is 122 00:09:41,919 --> 00:09:50,320 the voltage, it's simply E equals I times R. So depending on what 123 00:09:50,399 --> 00:09:56,519 you have or what you're trying to solve for, right is you know, 124 00:09:56,600 --> 00:10:00,639 if I know what the voltage is and I'm trying to solve what the amps. 125 00:10:00,799 --> 00:10:03,039 If I know what the voltage is and I know what the resistance is, 126 00:10:05,120 --> 00:10:11,279 then it's simply E divided by R. Pretty straightforward, right, And 127 00:10:11,559 --> 00:10:16,039 good news is for those that are on an electrical exam, typically they give 128 00:10:16,120 --> 00:10:20,799 you an omes wheel prior to your test. But some of these formulas are 129 00:10:20,799 --> 00:10:24,799 pretty simple to remember in your head because in this case, the basic Gold's 130 00:10:24,879 --> 00:10:30,480 law is the three dimensions. Here we're not even incorporating power into this yet. 131 00:10:31,039 --> 00:10:35,600 We're just talking about E, R, an I. Right. So 132 00:10:35,679 --> 00:10:39,159 to solve for E, you know you have an E and an R left. 133 00:10:39,480 --> 00:10:41,919 If you're solving for R, you know you have it E and an 134 00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:43,720 I. If you're solving for E, you know you have I, N 135 00:10:43,759 --> 00:10:46,559 and R. The only thing you got to remember is when you're doing for 136 00:10:46,720 --> 00:10:50,879 I and R, which is vult which is ampeers and resistance and ohms. 137 00:10:52,960 --> 00:10:56,480 Then it's division. Okay, it's E divided by R, E divided by 138 00:10:56,480 --> 00:11:01,519 I. If you're solving for voltage, you got to remember its multiplication. 139 00:11:01,039 --> 00:11:05,600 It's I. Times are okay. Now, these are easy things that you 140 00:11:05,639 --> 00:11:09,840 can just write down in your code book. If you're in some states that 141 00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:13,080 allow you to write things in your codebook, or if you're in the field, 142 00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:18,759 you can jot these things down. And we also will have a card 143 00:11:18,840 --> 00:11:22,720 coming out pocket wallet card that will have the Ohms law, the owns law 144 00:11:22,759 --> 00:11:26,879 wheel, and a bunch of the formulas on it to make it easier in 145 00:11:26,919 --> 00:11:31,120 the field. It's just a pocket handy little deal that's coming next. Right 146 00:11:31,159 --> 00:11:33,320 now, we only have the voltas drop on, but we will we will 147 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:35,960 get the other one in there for you, and these will be made available 148 00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:37,840 in a series so you can get all of them at once and there'll be 149 00:11:37,879 --> 00:11:43,480 a nifty little holder that you can put it in. But anyway, or 150 00:11:43,519 --> 00:11:46,399 maybe you don't need it, maybe you just memorize it and you're good. 151 00:11:46,600 --> 00:11:52,480 You're good to go. So those are your basic three formulas that we work 152 00:11:52,519 --> 00:11:54,000 with. When you're talking about basic Gomes law formula. If I had to 153 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:58,360 give you an examine, now let's let's let's mix in the same scenario that 154 00:11:58,399 --> 00:12:05,840 comes for examp ample when it comes to power, right, so power watts 155 00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:09,679 is the same same example we can mix. We can mix this into the 156 00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:16,919 mix because for power you have E times I is going to give you watts 157 00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:20,799 power right. Uh. But if you know what the resistance is and ohms 158 00:12:22,159 --> 00:12:26,559 and you know what the current is, then you can also go are times 159 00:12:26,720 --> 00:12:35,720 I squared right, So it's basically the current in ampiers squared times are and 160 00:12:35,759 --> 00:12:39,360 that'll give you watts as well. Uh. And then also if you don't 161 00:12:39,480 --> 00:12:45,679 if you're trying to search for watts and all you have is the the voltage 162 00:12:45,919 --> 00:12:50,080 and all you have is a resistance, then you can go the voltage squared 163 00:12:50,120 --> 00:12:56,039 divided by are the resistance. So there's there's quite an additional formulas that you 164 00:12:56,080 --> 00:13:01,159 can do for watts. Uh, finding out what the watts of power is 165 00:13:01,200 --> 00:13:05,480 to using the same concept. Okay, so let's kind of run some examples 166 00:13:05,519 --> 00:13:09,759 so you can so you can get an understanding of what we're doing with it. 167 00:13:09,879 --> 00:13:13,840 So let's just say we have an example, and we have an appliance 168 00:13:13,879 --> 00:13:18,200 that's twelve hundred watts and again traditionally we're going to be connecting one hundred and 169 00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:22,360 twenty volt circuit to it. Right, what do we know? We know 170 00:13:22,440 --> 00:13:26,919 the watts and we know the vaults. So if you were to look at 171 00:13:26,919 --> 00:13:30,200 at omeswheel at this point, is what are we trying to solve for a 172 00:13:30,240 --> 00:13:35,919 Well, we don't know what we're trying to solve for the amps, right, 173 00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:39,559 And so if you look at it and the variables that you know, 174 00:13:39,879 --> 00:13:43,679 and you can say, okay, well, how do I solve the amps. 175 00:13:43,720 --> 00:13:46,039 Well, if you solve the amps and can go okay, well to 176 00:13:46,159 --> 00:13:54,039 solve it, I can go P over E and that's going to equal I. 177 00:13:54,720 --> 00:13:58,639 Okay, So very very same way we did the voltage over resistance to 178 00:13:58,679 --> 00:14:05,519 get here. It's the power divided by the voltage will give us I. 179 00:14:07,200 --> 00:14:11,519 Right, So which is the ampiers we're searching for? So it's simply twelve 180 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:16,840 hundred divided by one twenty. That's ten ampiers. Okay. Now remember now 181 00:14:16,840 --> 00:14:24,000 that we have all of these variables involved, then we kind of think, 182 00:14:24,120 --> 00:14:26,279 okay, well, how do we find out what the resistance is? Because 183 00:14:26,279 --> 00:14:31,679 all you gave me was the ohms. We have lots of power, we 184 00:14:31,759 --> 00:14:35,519 have voltage, and now we have the amps of the circuit. So what's 185 00:14:35,559 --> 00:14:37,679 the one thing missing? Well, what if I want to know or we're 186 00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:41,960 asked, well, let me tell me what's the resistance in oms? Well 187 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:46,080 that's easy because now that we have the amp value, we can go back 188 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:52,240 to the original formula, which is our resistance equals E divided by I or 189 00:14:52,480 --> 00:14:58,919 voltage divided by the amperage. So now it's one twenty was the volts divided 190 00:14:58,960 --> 00:15:03,440 by ten, which was the ams we just calculated it and that equals what 191 00:15:03,080 --> 00:15:11,480 twelve homes. So the key thing to remember about Ohms law is the ability 192 00:15:11,600 --> 00:15:16,159 to be able to work any of the equations out right. And I'm gonna 193 00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:20,279 show you some other ways to do this using the different formulas that are in 194 00:15:20,320 --> 00:15:26,399 your owns wheel, right in our Ohms wheel. It is a great thing 195 00:15:26,679 --> 00:15:31,759 to get used to to have, and it's also great to have that in 196 00:15:31,799 --> 00:15:35,200 your pocket as well. So obviously we'll be coming out with a nice little 197 00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:41,360 Ohms Wheel pocket edition wallet sized card and that'd be pretty cool. Okay, 198 00:15:41,919 --> 00:15:46,559 So let's kind of use those numbers since we're just kind of working numbers, 199 00:15:46,559 --> 00:15:48,639 and see how it owns wheel, and see which of the Ohms wheel formula 200 00:15:48,679 --> 00:15:52,600 that we would use. And granted you can't see this as the podcast, 201 00:15:52,879 --> 00:15:58,639 so I will describe the formula for this and then it'll it'll make much more 202 00:15:58,679 --> 00:16:03,399 sense. So let's keep the variables that we already have. We already know 203 00:16:03,440 --> 00:16:07,519 that it was ten amps, we already know it's one hundred and twenty volts. 204 00:16:07,440 --> 00:16:14,080 We already calculated out the resistance for that is twelve omes, and we 205 00:16:14,240 --> 00:16:18,759 know that the wattage was twelve hundred watts. Okay, So using these numbers, 206 00:16:18,919 --> 00:16:22,519 depending on what's missing, we can show you how you use the formulas 207 00:16:22,759 --> 00:16:27,480 to solve any of this. So if you had any of these that at 208 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:32,759 least two of these, then you can solve for something. So let's talk 209 00:16:32,799 --> 00:16:36,279 about the amps. Let's find the amps. So let's ignore the fact that 210 00:16:36,320 --> 00:16:38,799 we already know what the amps are. What we know is one of the 211 00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:45,279 processes of the formulas that we can use is the one for amps where it 212 00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:52,639 says that it's a square root of power divided by the olms. Okay, 213 00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:57,639 well that's the So you're going to solve the watts divided by omes first before 214 00:16:57,679 --> 00:17:02,240 you do the square root, right. So if you ever see that that 215 00:17:02,279 --> 00:17:04,240 way where you have the square root over and then in the middle of it, 216 00:17:04,319 --> 00:17:08,720 underneath it you have the actual the omes I mean, excuse me, 217 00:17:08,759 --> 00:17:12,680 the watts and it shows a line and the underneath it is the omes. 218 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:18,799 You want to work that first. So one of the formulas is the square 219 00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:22,960 root of watts divided by omes. Okay, well it was twelve hundred watts 220 00:17:23,599 --> 00:17:29,519 and the resistance was twelve ohms, so we divide twelve thousand. Excuse me, 221 00:17:29,519 --> 00:17:33,960 it's twelve thousand watts divided by twelve omes, right, and that gives 222 00:17:34,039 --> 00:17:41,680 us one hundred. Then you just hit your square root key on your calculator 223 00:17:41,039 --> 00:17:48,599 and that is ten, right, So that would be ten ampiers. Well, 224 00:17:48,720 --> 00:17:52,880 there's another way to solve it. If we already know the wattage and 225 00:17:52,960 --> 00:17:57,680 we already know the voltage, then remember one of the other formulas for solving 226 00:17:57,720 --> 00:18:04,559 amps is simply what is dividing the watts into the voltage, and that works 227 00:18:04,559 --> 00:18:10,400 the same way. So P divided into e, so it's twelve hundred divided 228 00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:12,799 into twelve. Excuse me, twelve hundred divided into one hundred and twenty. 229 00:18:12,839 --> 00:18:18,799 That's the voltage. That equals ten ams. But there's also another way that 230 00:18:18,839 --> 00:18:21,920 we can solve amps. If we know the volts and we know the ohms, 231 00:18:22,240 --> 00:18:26,440 then it's one hundred and twenty volts divided into the omes, which will 232 00:18:26,480 --> 00:18:30,759 be one hundred and twenty divided into twelve, and that's ten amps. So 233 00:18:30,839 --> 00:18:33,240 the three formulas that we use here to solve for amps, depending on what 234 00:18:33,279 --> 00:18:37,400 we have in our equation, is that we have to have at least two 235 00:18:37,920 --> 00:18:41,039 to work it out. And then once we do that, we open up 236 00:18:41,039 --> 00:18:45,839 the doors for, you know, to other aspects of the calculation, depending 237 00:18:45,839 --> 00:18:48,920 on what we're working it out as So, the square root of P over 238 00:18:49,119 --> 00:18:55,000 R we were solving for I, then that was twelve hundred divided by twelve, 239 00:18:55,319 --> 00:18:56,880 which is one hundred. The square root of that is ten amps, 240 00:18:56,920 --> 00:19:02,880 so it's ten amps circuit. The other one was the watt eye equals power 241 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:07,440 or the watts divided by voltage. That was the one to twelve hundred divided 242 00:19:07,480 --> 00:19:11,519 by one twenty. That's ten amps. And then of course we have the 243 00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:15,000 other searching for the amps. If we know what the voltage is and we 244 00:19:15,079 --> 00:19:18,119 know what the omes are, then it's just one hundred and twenty volts divided 245 00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:22,000 by twelve omes, and that is ten amps as well. So it's pretty 246 00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:27,519 straightforward solving for the amps. And with all the variables that we have in 247 00:19:27,559 --> 00:19:32,920 play now when it comes to wattage, it's essentially the same thing. The 248 00:19:33,079 --> 00:19:38,119 three formulas that we use to solve for wattage is the first one is is 249 00:19:38,440 --> 00:19:45,960 the voltage squared divided by the omes. Right, So if it's a same 250 00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:52,559 scenario, if it's one hundred and twenty volts and it's twelve ohms. Then 251 00:19:52,599 --> 00:19:56,960 it's just one hundred and twenty volts squared, okay, So basically one hundred 252 00:19:56,000 --> 00:20:02,279 and twenty times one twenty okay, and which is fourteen thy four hundred. 253 00:20:02,759 --> 00:20:04,480 Think about that when you see one hundred and twenty squared, it's just one 254 00:20:04,519 --> 00:20:07,480 hundred and twenty times one hundred and twenty. That's all it is, all 255 00:20:07,559 --> 00:20:12,119 right, So fourteen hundred and fourteen thousand, four hundred, and then you 256 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:18,000 divide that by twelve, because twelve would be the oms of resistance that gives 257 00:20:18,039 --> 00:20:22,400 you twelve hundred watts. So we can find the watts. As long as 258 00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:26,559 we know the voltage and we know the resistance, we can find wattage. 259 00:20:27,119 --> 00:20:33,359 Another way to do that formula is the simple formula that P equals E times 260 00:20:33,480 --> 00:20:38,000 I. And in this case you're going to use the formula that you have 261 00:20:38,079 --> 00:20:41,680 the answers. In other words, the data that they give you in the 262 00:20:41,799 --> 00:20:47,640 question is what you're going to determine which formula you use. So if we 263 00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:51,400 are given the voltage and we're given the amps, then we're going to use 264 00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:56,200 the formula where pe wattage equals volts times amps. So in that case is 265 00:20:56,240 --> 00:21:00,880 just one twenty times ten. That's twelve hundred watts. Now, maybe they 266 00:21:00,920 --> 00:21:03,640 only give you the voltage. Excuse me, maybe they only give you the 267 00:21:03,680 --> 00:21:08,839 amperage, and maybe they only give you the oms. Okay, well we 268 00:21:08,880 --> 00:21:14,039 can solve it that way too, the amps, and so in our case 269 00:21:14,079 --> 00:21:19,680 it's ten amps, so it's ten amps squared. Okay, So ten amps 270 00:21:21,920 --> 00:21:27,599 times ten amps is one hundred times twelve and that is twelve hundred watts. 271 00:21:29,160 --> 00:21:33,039 So again my point here is you just simply you're going to learn the different 272 00:21:33,039 --> 00:21:38,279 formulas and you work with what you have. Now, maybe they give you 273 00:21:38,319 --> 00:21:41,319 what you need to do in order to be able to get another equation. 274 00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:45,319 Maybe they don't give you the amps, but they give you everything to solve 275 00:21:45,359 --> 00:21:48,119 for amps. And then once you solve the amps, then you open up 276 00:21:48,119 --> 00:21:53,039 the door to be able to do other calculations. Define the answer right, 277 00:21:55,599 --> 00:22:02,960 and so the next one is vaults volts is the same way as we kind 278 00:22:02,960 --> 00:22:06,599 of did for amps. The vaults. One of the ways to solve this. 279 00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:11,000 If they give you the wattage, then it is wattage times resistance in 280 00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:17,960 this case is twelve hundred watts times twelve ohms of resistance. So you do 281 00:22:18,599 --> 00:22:25,599 the wattage times the resistance, right, and that'll give you a total of 282 00:22:25,759 --> 00:22:30,200 twelve hundred times twelve, and that's fourteen thousand, four hundred, and then 283 00:22:30,240 --> 00:22:34,640 it's the square root of that. So in our case it'll be twelve hundred 284 00:22:36,319 --> 00:22:40,599 times twelve is fourteen four hundred. The square root of that is one hundred 285 00:22:40,599 --> 00:22:44,839 and twenty vaults, and that's what our voltage is. Now. Of course, 286 00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:48,440 if they give you the amps and the ohms in our case ten amps, 287 00:22:48,920 --> 00:22:52,319 and they give you the ohms of resistance in our case it was twelve 288 00:22:52,640 --> 00:22:56,680 ohms, then to solve for voltage, one of the equations is just I 289 00:22:56,880 --> 00:23:03,000 times are so ten times twelve is one twenty. Or maybe they give you 290 00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:08,319 one where it gives you the watts and it gives you the amps, and 291 00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:12,559 so okay, so it doesn't give me the resistance, but it does give 292 00:23:12,559 --> 00:23:15,279 me the wattage and it does give me the amps. So I can use 293 00:23:15,319 --> 00:23:22,680 the formula P divided by I to solve free. So P being twelve hundred, 294 00:23:22,799 --> 00:23:30,799 that's the watts divided by ten being the amps is one twenty, and 295 00:23:30,880 --> 00:23:34,759 to round this out the ohms. It's essentially the same way as the wattage 296 00:23:34,799 --> 00:23:38,720 were done, makes sense, right, So find the resistance. If I 297 00:23:38,880 --> 00:23:44,000 know what the voltage is one hundred and twenty volts, and I know what 298 00:23:44,039 --> 00:23:48,920 the wattage is twelve hundred watts, then I can solve for resistance by going 299 00:23:48,240 --> 00:23:53,079 voltage squared divided by twelve hundred, which is the wattage. So it's E 300 00:23:53,319 --> 00:23:59,200 squared divided by P, which is the watts. So that would be one 301 00:23:59,279 --> 00:24:02,680 hundred and twenty squared. And we already know what that is, one hundred 302 00:24:02,680 --> 00:24:07,839 and twenty squared, So one twenty times one twenty is fourteen thousand, four 303 00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:12,160 hundred, and then you simply divide that by the wattage which was twelve hundred 304 00:24:12,160 --> 00:24:17,839 watts, so't divide that by twelve hundred and that is twelve That is the 305 00:24:17,839 --> 00:24:22,160 oms. So they could ask you the question when they say, well, 306 00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:25,480 we want to solve for the resistance in OHMS, and we'll tell you the 307 00:24:25,519 --> 00:24:30,440 amps and we'll tell you what the wattage is. Right, Okay, So 308 00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:33,519 they didn't tell us what the voltage is, but we don't need it. 309 00:24:33,680 --> 00:24:37,400 We have enough variables to solve it out. So in this in this scenario, 310 00:24:38,720 --> 00:24:45,319 it would be you know our equals P the watts divided by amps squared, 311 00:24:47,119 --> 00:24:51,440 right, So it'll be twelve hundred watts divided by ten which was the 312 00:24:51,480 --> 00:24:56,039 amps squared. So all you do is do the ten squared first. Ten 313 00:24:57,279 --> 00:25:03,720 times ten is one hundred, right, and so then you got the the 314 00:25:03,079 --> 00:25:10,680 twelve hundred divided by one hundred, and that is twelve ohms. Makes sense. 315 00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:15,680 And then lastly it's if you're given the vaults and you're giving the amps, 316 00:25:15,680 --> 00:25:21,200 then it's just easy, right. It's just a normal traditional equation that 317 00:25:21,240 --> 00:25:25,839 we did E over I, right, So it's simply one twenty is the 318 00:25:25,880 --> 00:25:29,799 E which is the voltage, divided by ten, which is the amps. 319 00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:34,079 And so with your calculator you just do one twenty divided by ten and that 320 00:25:34,279 --> 00:25:42,960 is twelve and that is it twelve ohms. So trying not to make it 321 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:48,279 is, you know, is very complicated, because it's it's not complicated one, 322 00:25:48,359 --> 00:25:52,119 it's it's helpful if you have the formulas. So the whole point of 323 00:25:52,119 --> 00:25:56,039 this episode is not to expect you to listen to it and understand the Ohms 324 00:25:56,119 --> 00:25:59,720 law process. By remembering what I talk about in a problem. What I 325 00:25:59,799 --> 00:26:03,880 mean is go and see if your state allows you to mark these in your 326 00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:10,960 codebook, right, and if they do, then you want to put all 327 00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:15,240 of these formulas in your codebook, typically up near the front where you have 328 00:26:15,279 --> 00:26:18,599 the code panel members, because you got a bunch of area to write. 329 00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:23,519 There's blank spaces there. That's the best place to do it, and that 330 00:26:23,559 --> 00:26:29,440 just gives you the greater opportunity to be able to have it right there, 331 00:26:29,440 --> 00:26:32,880 handy for you. If you're in a location that does not allow you to 332 00:26:32,960 --> 00:26:37,440 write in your codebook, then just remember some of the fundamentals. Go over 333 00:26:37,599 --> 00:26:42,720 listening again, reviewer owns wheel, your power wheel. Learn these different formulas 334 00:26:44,319 --> 00:26:48,799 and then it'll make sense to you as you get into it. But it's 335 00:26:48,839 --> 00:26:52,240 the low hanging fruit on an electrical exam where they ask you something and it 336 00:26:52,279 --> 00:26:56,720 may seem like it's complicated because they might say you have two light bulbs and 337 00:26:56,079 --> 00:27:00,799 nobody uses that terminology anymore, it's lamps. But you get it. They 338 00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:06,960 might say that's two hundred watt light bulbs, and so that's two hundred watts 339 00:27:06,960 --> 00:27:11,240 of load, and okay, you can solve it because now we know what 340 00:27:11,279 --> 00:27:15,480 the wattage is and they'll tell you what the circuit is if it's one hundred 341 00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:19,319 and twenty old circuit. So you have the foundation to be able to calculate 342 00:27:19,359 --> 00:27:22,640 it out. And you may think, well, I'll never have an owns 343 00:27:22,720 --> 00:27:26,480 law situation in my career, but you may on an exam. You very 344 00:27:26,480 --> 00:27:30,799 male could. And so that's the reason why we brought that up today. 345 00:27:30,519 --> 00:27:34,359 Now, in the real world, when would you run into needing this as 346 00:27:34,359 --> 00:27:37,000 far as understanding what the ams are and all that. Well, you know 347 00:27:37,079 --> 00:27:41,559 what if you have a lot of lumin airs that you're putting on a circuit 348 00:27:41,240 --> 00:27:45,480 and have a specific load. And this was a bigger deal back when we 349 00:27:45,519 --> 00:27:48,640 had normal incandescent and things like that. We had to worry about our loads. 350 00:27:49,920 --> 00:27:53,799 Not so much now with the LEDs and the you know, the CFLs 351 00:27:53,920 --> 00:28:02,160 and all these really low wattage loads, it's not as critical. But understanding 352 00:28:02,200 --> 00:28:06,440 owns law is a foundation that electricians have to go through. Whether you're an 353 00:28:06,440 --> 00:28:11,680 apprentice, helper, even a journeyman striving to be a master. These are 354 00:28:11,720 --> 00:28:15,559 fundamentals and we just always and we forget them. You know. It's one 355 00:28:15,559 --> 00:28:18,759 of those things whereas you don't use it, you lose it. So you 356 00:28:18,880 --> 00:28:22,160 just kind of got to go back through and refresh your memory, kind of 357 00:28:22,359 --> 00:28:27,440 get another feel again for these formulas and things like that. Rest asshured, 358 00:28:27,480 --> 00:28:30,480 folks, if you want that quick and easy in your pocket. We will 359 00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:34,720 be coming out with the Ohms Law wheel and the formulas. One side will 360 00:28:34,759 --> 00:28:37,799 be the wheel, the other side will be of the various formulas and examples. 361 00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:41,759 That'll be a nice little pocket edition, So look for that soon over 362 00:28:41,839 --> 00:28:48,240 on fasttracksystem dot com and check that out. Okay, all right, that's 363 00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:52,000 going to be all for today's episode. Just time to talking about Ohm's law 364 00:28:52,480 --> 00:28:57,519 in those scenarios. I do have a podcast coming up that we'll be talking 365 00:28:57,559 --> 00:29:06,680 about the basics of series and parallels and combination circuits and just kind of since 366 00:29:06,680 --> 00:29:10,640 this is kind of one of those things that are really hard to do over 367 00:29:10,680 --> 00:29:15,799 a podcast, it would just be a casual conversation talking about them with the 368 00:29:15,880 --> 00:29:22,880 understanding that you will need to do a little bit of extra study. We 369 00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:27,119 do have videos on this over on fast tracks Tube series and parallels and all 370 00:29:27,119 --> 00:29:30,279 that kind of stuff, and we even have some recordings from our Wednesday night 371 00:29:30,319 --> 00:29:36,200 sessions that are available up there that you could you can watch. And again 372 00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:38,440 we go a little deeper into it and that type of thing. So all 373 00:29:38,519 --> 00:29:41,279 right, all right, folks, hopefully got something out of today's episode. 374 00:29:41,279 --> 00:29:45,839 I didn't bory to death. Who knows if you'll listen to an entire ohms 375 00:29:45,960 --> 00:29:49,119 Law podcast, but hopefully you will. Till next time, folks, stay 376 00:29:49,160 --> 00:29:52,839 safe, God bless and oh, by the way, drop me a note 377 00:29:52,839 --> 00:29:56,200 telling me you listened to this whole thing. That'd be awesome. Take care, 378 00:30:00,119 --> 00:30:23,319 both taskball boot both ask nothing maskea nothing bo