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Four methods of respiration. In the
consideration of the question of respiration, we

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must begin by considering the mechanical arrangements
whereby the respiratory movements are affected. The

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mechanics of respiration manifest through one the
elastic movements of the lungs, and two

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the activities of the size and bottom
of the thoracic cavity in which the lungs

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are contained. The thorax is that
portion of the trunk between the neck and

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the abdomen, the cavity of which, known as the thoracic cavity, is

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occupied mainly by the lungs in heart. It is bounded by the spinal column,

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the ribs with their cartilages, the
breastbone, and below by the diaphragm.

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It is generally spoken of as the
chest. It has been compared to

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a completely shut conical box, the
small end of which is turned upward,

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the back of the being formed by
the spinal column, the front of the

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breastbone, and the sides of the
ribs. The ribs are twenty four in

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number, twelve on each side,
and emerge from each side of the spinal

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column. The upper seven pair are
known as true ribs, being fastened to

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the breastbone direct while the lower five
pairs are called false ribs or floating ribs

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because they are not so fastened,
the upper two of them being fastened by

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cartilage to the other ribs, the
remainder having no cartilages, their forward ends

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being free. The ribs are moved
in respiration by two superficial muscular layers,

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known as the intercostal muscles the diaphragm. The muscular partition before alluded to separates

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the chest box from the abdominal cavity. In the act of inhalation, the

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muscles expand along so that a vacuum
is created and the air rushes in in

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accordance with well known law physics,
everything depends upon the muscles concerned in the

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process of respiration, which we may
as for convenience, term the respiratory muscles.

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Without the aid of these muscles,
the lungs cannot expand, and upon

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the proper use in control of these
muscles, the science of breath largely depends.

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The proper control of these muscles will
result in the ability to attain the

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maximum degree of lung expansion and the
greatest amount of the life giving properties of

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the air into the system. The
Yogis classify respiration into four general methods,

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namely one high breathing, two mid
breathing, three low breathing four Yogi complete

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breathing. We will give a general
idea of the first three methods and a

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more extended treatment of the fourth method, upon which the Yogi science of breath

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is largely based. One high breathing. This form of breathing is known to

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the worst as clavicular breathing or colibone
breathing. One breathing in this way elevates

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the ribs and raises the collar bone
and shoulders, at the same time drawing

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in the abdomen and pushing its contents
up against the diaphragm, which in turn

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is raised. The upper part of
the chest and lungs, which is the

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smallest, is used, and consequently, but a minimum amount of air enters

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the lungs. In addition to this, the diaphragm being raised, there could

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be no expansion in that direction.
A study of the anatomy of the chest

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will convince any student that in this
way a maximum amount of effort is used

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to obtain a minimum amount of benefit. High breathing is probably the worst form

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of breathing known to man, and
requires the greatest expenditure of energy with the

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smallest amount of benefit. It is
an energy wasting, poor returns plan.

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It is quite common among the Western
races, many women being addicted to it,

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and even seeing clergymen, lawyers,
and others who should know better using

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it ignorantly. Many diseases of the
vocal organs and organs of respiration may be

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directly traced to this barbarous method of
breathing, and the straining of delicate organs

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caused by this method often results in
the harsh, disagreeable voices heard on all

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sides. Many persons who breathe in
this way become addicted to the disgusting practice

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of mouth breathing described in a preceding
chapter. If the student has any doubts

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about what has been said regarding this
form of breathing, let him try the

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experiment of expelling all the air from
his lungs. Then, standing erect with

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hands at sides, let him raise
the shoulders in calibone and inhale. He

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will find that the amount of air
inhale far below normal. Then let him

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inhale a full breath after dropping the
shoulders in calabone, and he will receive

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an object lesson in breathing, which
he will be apt to remember much longer

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than he would any words printed or
spoken. Two mid breathing. This method

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of respiration is known to Western students
as rib breathing or intercostal breeding, and

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while less objectionable than high breeding,
is far inferior to either low breathing or

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to the yogi complete breath. In
mid breathing, the diaphragm is pushed upward

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and the abomen drawed in, the
ribs are raised somewhat, and the chest

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is partially expanding. It is quite
common among men who have made no study

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of the subject, as there are
two better methods known, we give it

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only passing notice, and that principally
to call your attention to its shortcomings.

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Three low breathing. This form of
respiration is far better than either of the

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two preceding forms, and of recent
years many Western writers have extolled its merits

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and have exploited it under the names
of abdominal breathing, deep breathing, diaphragmatic

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breathing, et cetera, et cetera. And much good has been accomplished by

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the attention of the public having been
directed to the subject, and many have

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been induced to substitute it for the
interior and injurious methods above alluded to.

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Many systems of breathing have been built
around low breathing, and students have paid

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high prices to learn the new systems. But as we have said, much

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good has resulted, and after all, the students who paid high prices to

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learn revamped old systems undoubtedly got their
money's worth if they were induced to discard

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the old methods of high breathing and
low breathing. Although many Western authorities write

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and speak of this method as the
best known form of breathing, the Yogis

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know it to be but a part
of a system which they have used for

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centuries, and which they know as
the complete breath. It must be admitted,

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however, that one must be acquainted
with the principles of low breathing before

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he can grasp the idea of complete
breathing. Let us again consider the diaphragm.

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What is it? We have seen
that it is the great partition muscle

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which separates the chest and its contents
from the abdomen and its contents. When

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at rest, it presents a concave
surface to the abdomen. That is,

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the diaphragm as viewed from the abdomen, which seem like the sky is viewed

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from the earth the interior of an
ARC's surface. Consequently, the site of

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the diaphragm toward the chest organs is
like a protruding rounded surface, like a

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hill. When the diaphragm is brought
into use, the hill formation is lowered

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and the diaphragm presses upon the abdominal
organs and forces out the abdomen. In

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low breathing, the lungs are given
freer play than in the methods already mentioned,

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and consequently more airs in heale.
This fact has led the majority of

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Western writers to speak in right of
low breathing, which they call abdominal breathing

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the highest and best method known to
science. But the Oriental yogi has long

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known of a better method, and
some few Western writers have also recognized this

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fact. The trouble with all methods
of breathing other than yogi complete breathing is

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that in none of these methods do
the lungs become filled with air. At

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the best, only a portion of
the lung space is filled. Even in

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low breathing. High breathing feels only
the upper portion of the lungs. Mid

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breathing feels only the middle and a
portion of the upper parts. Low breathing

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feels only the lower and middle parts. It is evident that any method that

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fills the entire lung space must be
far preferable to those filling only certain parts.

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Any method which will fill the entire
lung space must be the greatest value

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to man in the way of allowing
him to absorb the greatest quantity of oxygen

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and to store away the greatest amount
of pronum. The complete breath is known

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to the Yogis to be the best
method of respiration known to science. The

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Yogi complete breath. Yogi complete breathing
includes all the good points of high breeding,

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mid breathing, and low breathing,
with the objectionable features of each eliminating.

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It brings into play the entire respiratory
apparatus, every part of the lungs,

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every air cell, every respiratory muscle. The entire respiratory organism responds to

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this method of breathing, and the
maximum amount of benefit is derived from the

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minimum expenditure of energy. The chest
cavity is increased to its normal limits in

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all directions, and every part of
the machinery performs its natural work and functions.

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One of the most important features of
this method of breathing is the fact

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that the respiratory muscles are fully called
into play, whereas in the other forms

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of breathing only a portion of these
muscles are so used in complete breathing.

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Among other muscles, those controlling the
ribs are actively used, which increases the

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space in which the lungs may expand
and also gives the proper support to the

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organs when needed. Nature availing herself
of the perfection of the principle of leverage

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in this process, certain muscles hold
the lower ribs firmly in position, while

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other muscles bend them outward. Then
again. In this method, the diaphragm

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is under perfect control and is able
to perform its functions properly and in such

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manner as to yield the maximum degree
of service. In the rib action above

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alluded to. The lower ribs are
controlled by the diaphragm, which draws them

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slightly downward, while other muscles hold
them in place and the intercostal muscles force

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them outward, which combined action increases
the mid chest cavity to its maximum.

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In addition to this muscular action,
the alper ribs are also lifted and forced

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outward by the intercostal muscles, which
increases the capacity of the upper chest to

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its fullest extent. If you have
studied the special features of the forgiven methods

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of breathing, you will at once
see that the complete breath comprises all the

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advantageous features of the three other methods, plus the reciprocal advantages accruing from the

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combined action of the high chest,
mid chest and difragmatic regions, and the

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normal rhythm thus obtained. In our
next chapter, we will take up the

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complete breath in practice, and will
give full directions for the acquirement of the

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superior method of breathing with exercises,
et cetera.