WEBVTT 1 00:00:06.519 --> 00:00:10.839 My name is Susana Castellanos from her Huiria and I welcome you to a new 2 00:00:10.960 --> 00:00:21.120 episode of Sherezade stories. Today we will talk about allegorical divinities. Although most 3 00:00:21.600 --> 00:00:27.079 of the allegorical divinities arose in Greece from the sixth century BC and only later 4 00:00:27.160 --> 00:00:39.000 arrived in Rome. It is in Rome that they will achieve greater popularity and 5 00:00:39.000 --> 00:00:43.799 recognition. That' s why I' ve decided to include them in Roman 6 00:00:43.799 --> 00:00:50.560 myths. Allegorical divinities are the result of the influence of various philosophical doctrines. 7 00:00:53.079 --> 00:01:00.159 That is why they are somewhat later and embody the abstract concepts of vices and 8 00:01:00.439 --> 00:01:08.719 virtues. Sometimes they relate to myths whose aim is more philosophical than religious. 9 00:01:11.719 --> 00:01:17.519 Anciently and for a long time, the Greeks used myths without trying to interpret 10 00:01:17.560 --> 00:01:23.760 them the mythical world we know in broad terms. It preceded all the poets 11 00:01:23.799 --> 00:01:30.719 who described it in that sense. Homer in the ninth century B C, 12 00:01:32.760 --> 00:01:38.040 in the eighth century, Christ and others did nothing but elaborate a pre- 13 00:01:38.000 --> 00:01:47.120 existing mythical matter. This means that they took back myths that already existed and 14 00:01:47.280 --> 00:01:51.920 put them in writing. That' s why you can' t say Homer 15 00:01:52.000 --> 00:01:56.439 invented mythology. They didn' t do it either. What they do is 16 00:01:56.599 --> 00:02:05.640 somehow organize and transcribe it. They did not create it the myths once expressed 17 00:02:05.799 --> 00:02:09.520 and divulged by the poets. This is important that it was for poets, 18 00:02:09.840 --> 00:02:15.120 but for priests. That is why they could be counted in many ways. 19 00:02:15.159 --> 00:02:22.759 That is why there are so many variants of each story and then they became 20 00:02:22.840 --> 00:02:29.319 a theme of thinkers and philosophers. From that moment on, the myth loses 21 00:02:29.759 --> 00:02:37.039 its fruitful poetic fullness, leaves the sphere of imagination and makes it enter the 22 00:02:37.159 --> 00:02:47.199 rational field, where it serves as an element of conceptual, moral, social 23 00:02:47.199 --> 00:02:57.400 and political speculation. So here you go seeing because I decided to enter Roman 24 00:02:58.159 --> 00:03:02.879 myths, although it had been for the Greeks, because it is already when 25 00:03:04.800 --> 00:03:09.800 it comes true from the original myths, as we have spoken them and come 26 00:03:09.960 --> 00:03:15.879 to represent moral, social and political aspects. It is then sought in the 27 00:03:15.879 --> 00:03:23.159 myth, not the psychological density of the creative act that produced it, but 28 00:03:23.240 --> 00:03:28.960 the moral allegory. Let' s see how less good and bad allegories. 29 00:03:29.280 --> 00:03:37.240 True, from this attitude toward myth arose the allegorical explanation, which consists in 30 00:03:37.240 --> 00:03:43.759 assuming for mythology an ambivalent structure, that is, the duality of an apparent 31 00:03:43.840 --> 00:03:51.199 sense and a hidden sense. It was concluded that, looking in depth, 32 00:03:51.879 --> 00:03:59.439 the myth would allow a doctrinal background to be transparent, although hidden and not 33 00:03:59.479 --> 00:04:01.680 only afraid of you or or or on. And it is because of this 34 00:04:01.680 --> 00:04:09.319 theme, as of teaching, that it is going to have a particular boom 35 00:04:09.960 --> 00:04:14.120 in Rome, because the spirit of the ancient Romans is going to be eminently 36 00:04:14.120 --> 00:04:19.079 pragmatic. Then it is given as a utility, so tangible measurable to these 37 00:04:19.240 --> 00:04:28.040 accounts, which was not so in Greece. So this is not an attempt 38 00:04:28.199 --> 00:04:32.480 to put an end to the myth, but a criticism made in the name 39 00:04:32.639 --> 00:04:38.560 of a certain kind of rationalism. The myths have not died, they are 40 00:04:38.680 --> 00:04:46.680 then subject to interpretations from which other less poetic figures, endowed with general normative 41 00:04:46.759 --> 00:04:57.800 principles, can emerge, which were known as allegorical divinities. The Xenophan philosopher, 42 00:04:57.879 --> 00:05:01.160 who is like the sixth century BC, rejects the Olympus and his gods, 43 00:05:01.360 --> 00:05:05.560 because, according to him, there is a god above all gods and 44 00:05:05.720 --> 00:05:15.959 men, neither his form nor his thought resembles those of mortals. The same 45 00:05:15.240 --> 00:05:23.160 attitude contrary to the mythology described by Homer and Porcied, is also assumed by 46 00:05:23.439 --> 00:05:29.480 such in the century between the seventh century VI, before Christ, by Plato, 47 00:05:30.079 --> 00:05:36.120 by the later Stoic philosophers and the Alexandrians, this is already the Hellenistic 48 00:05:36.319 --> 00:05:46.639 period. In addition, it was the Stoics who initiated a systematic allegorical interpretation 49 00:05:46.680 --> 00:05:56.279 of myths, using them to explain mensing processes and human behavior. That is 50 00:05:56.279 --> 00:06:01.399 why they are going to enter Rome, because it has already been rationalized, 51 00:06:01.959 --> 00:06:09.560 and philosophy is much more popular, although philosophy, of course, began in 52 00:06:09.560 --> 00:06:15.920 Greece. It is in Rome where it will have a greater reach or since 53 00:06:16.000 --> 00:06:20.759 the Hellenistic period. Let us remember that the legnistic period is after the conquests 54 00:06:20.759 --> 00:06:27.040 of Alexander the Great, when it merges into Greek, Persian and Egyptian cultures 55 00:06:27.160 --> 00:06:32.639 and all this knowledge, as it will expand throughout the Mediterranean. Then the 56 00:06:32.759 --> 00:06:38.199 Roman Empire will take over all this territory. In fact, they' re 57 00:06:38.240 --> 00:06:44.560 going to call the Mediterranean the Mare Nostrum. And that is where it is 58 00:06:44.720 --> 00:06:54.319 the rise of these allegorical divinities, which are a kind of reinterpretation of myths 59 00:06:54.439 --> 00:07:00.360 or looks of myths. From the philosophy with the historical example of these thinkers, 60 00:07:00.639 --> 00:07:04.279 allegory took on ever greater strength to the point that myth was used as 61 00:07:04.319 --> 00:07:14.839 a moralizing example by many Christian writers during the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages, 62 00:07:15.040 --> 00:07:18.519 as you know, comes after the classical world, basically from the 16th 63 00:07:18.639 --> 00:07:27.439 century C, when everything is now officially Christian. Then the Italian Renaissance, 64 00:07:28.079 --> 00:07:34.920 let' s say, again discovered the myth and restored it to its original 65 00:07:34.959 --> 00:07:41.759 forms, demonstrating that the allegorical exegesis cannot go beyond what Greeks and Romans did, 66 00:07:42.279 --> 00:07:48.399 for it would be like wanting to reconcile the irreconcilable forms of life that 67 00:07:48.480 --> 00:07:56.439 the ancient religious perspective invented with its imagination, the one cicated by problems of 68 00:07:56.519 --> 00:08:03.160 natural order and the forms of life instituted by monotheism, essentially inclined to transcendence. 69 00:08:03.639 --> 00:08:07.560 Then it is going to try to return as to the essence of nature, 70 00:08:07.639 --> 00:08:15.439 after having gone through a time as of Christianitys. But then allegorical divinities 71 00:08:15.519 --> 00:08:26.439 are personified concepts. Allegorical divinities represent the abstract concepts of humans about vices and 72 00:08:26.480 --> 00:08:35.240 virtues, and were used to orient human behavior in society. In this way, 73 00:08:35.559 --> 00:08:41.679 Nike and Victoria symbolize the triumph in war and also the triumphant participation in 74 00:08:41.799 --> 00:08:50.279 civil life. It is a peaceful divinity frequently appears related to Minerva, which 75 00:08:50.360 --> 00:08:56.440 was atheistic to the Greeks and sometimes as the epithet of this goddess the friendship 76 00:08:56.519 --> 00:09:01.600 that is like filia or to my site is Sons another allegorical divinity is not 77 00:09:01.759 --> 00:09:09.679 linked to any myth. It is an abstraction called divinity of the great souls, 78 00:09:11.159 --> 00:09:16.639 but there are also the Erinias or furyes, the revenge that is the 79 00:09:16.639 --> 00:09:22.679 ulitio indacta, called in Greek Nemesis and punishes crime or excesses, taking care 80 00:09:22.720 --> 00:09:31.879 that mortals do not try to equal the gods Themis the order established in the 81 00:09:31.919 --> 00:09:35.240 universe and among humans and, by extension, the law, is one of 82 00:09:35.320 --> 00:09:43.360 the rare divinities associated with the Olympics. He was wife and advisor to Jupiter 83 00:09:43.360 --> 00:09:48.399 Zeus for the Greeks. More than justice, Temi incarnates the law his marriage 84 00:09:50.399 --> 00:09:58.080 to Zeus Greek expresses how God himself can be subjected to it which, at 85 00:09:58.519 --> 00:10:05.720 the same time, is his direct emanation of justice. As for administration of 86 00:10:05.879 --> 00:10:18.039 it is called dicky Eris. It represents discord and enio war. This last 87 00:10:18.200 --> 00:10:24.480 regular companion of Mars, the god of war, the Greek Ares, became 88 00:10:24.200 --> 00:10:30.080 of great importance among the Romans, who invoked her under the name of Belona 89 00:10:30.200 --> 00:10:37.039 before her temple in the field of Mars. In Rome a column was erected 90 00:10:37.639 --> 00:10:52.440 where the war declaration ceremonies exposed a bloody Homonoa dart personifies the concord. In 91 00:10:52.559 --> 00:10:58.799 Greece it was especially venerated in Olympia. In Rome, her first temple was 92 00:11:00.200 --> 00:11:05.840 built in the sixth century B C, and there the faithful venerated her to 93 00:11:05.919 --> 00:11:13.679 ask her to keep the city in metis harmony. Prudence represents before all according 94 00:11:13.799 --> 00:11:22.840 to the conception of hearing, wisdom in the sense of preudentia foresight. Her 95 00:11:22.879 --> 00:11:28.399 representations show her as a two- faced woman, one turned to the past 96 00:11:28.480 --> 00:11:33.399 and the other to the future. But I was also mania that is madness. 97 00:11:35.240 --> 00:11:39.360 I bound, the error, the misfortune, and ward off deceit. 98 00:11:39.519 --> 00:11:45.399 They are agents of divine anger, sent to those who do not observe their 99 00:11:45.399 --> 00:11:50.759 rites. At Is mainly the goddess of the fights. His feet are light 100 00:11:50.799 --> 00:11:56.559 and do not touch the ground. It causes difficulties for humans walking on their 101 00:11:56.600 --> 00:12:05.679 heads. For some, as a daughter of luxury and leisure, she came 102 00:12:05.799 --> 00:12:11.120 represents poverty, platoon, makes her mother of eros, love, the great 103 00:12:11.200 --> 00:12:18.720 leveller of the social classes that she would have conceived from pores the abundance for 104 00:12:18.840 --> 00:12:26.399 theocritus on her part, which is already from the third century, good before 105 00:12:26.480 --> 00:12:30.960 Christ, Veia is the mother of industry and the arts, since it is 106 00:12:31.000 --> 00:12:39.440 moved by her that men are engaged in work. Dj The fortune, although 107 00:12:39.600 --> 00:12:46.960 I do not know the Homeric poems, was of great importance during Hellenism and 108 00:12:48.120 --> 00:12:54.480 especially in Rome, where each emperor had his own goddess Fortune. That is 109 00:12:54.559 --> 00:13:03.960 why their names and representations are countless. Limos, famine is the divine punishment 110 00:13:05.039 --> 00:13:13.720 against ungodly and arrogant men. According to the Roman Latin poet Virgilio of the 111 00:13:13.799 --> 00:13:18.519 first century to Christ, Limos lives at the gates of hell. Ovid, 112 00:13:18.840 --> 00:13:24.799 Latin or Roman poet. Also in the first century she describes her as a 113 00:13:24.799 --> 00:13:33.919 livid, pale, fleshy woman with sunken eyes and protruding bones. Lette Oblivion 114 00:13:33.039 --> 00:13:39.639 is the sister of death and sleep. His name was given to a fountain 115 00:13:39.759 --> 00:13:46.080 near the oracle of Trophony in Beocia. Pilgrims were to drink their waters during 116 00:13:46.120 --> 00:13:52.639 prophetic ceremonies. How is the allegorical divinity of the feasts and Momo the sarcasm 117 00:13:54.240 --> 00:14:00.919 are inseparable companions. The parties go with laughter and sarcasms are friends of fun. 118 00:14:01.559 --> 00:14:07.080 Momo personifies the mockery and lived in the olympus, but by his irreverence 119 00:14:07.159 --> 00:14:13.120 he was expelled from the company of the gods and bris, for his part, 120 00:14:13.240 --> 00:14:18.000 is the inordinate inducement of humans to forget their mortal condition and to desire 121 00:14:18.080 --> 00:14:24.399 to equal the gods, what attracted him to the divine punishment for his pride 122 00:14:24.480 --> 00:14:33.039 and lack of measure deimous is. Frightening and fobos is fear. They are 123 00:14:33.039 --> 00:14:39.320 brothers, sons of Mars, they travel through the camps of the Homer War. 124 00:14:39.440 --> 00:14:46.480 He considered them powerful gods capable of seizing the bravest heroes. There' 125 00:14:46.759 --> 00:14:54.200 s also tones. The envy feared by the Romans, they used to dedicate 126 00:14:54.279 --> 00:14:58.480 religious ceremonies to keep her away from her children. She was depicted as a 127 00:14:58.519 --> 00:15:07.600 squalid old woman holding snakes that gnaw at her heart. Old age was personified 128 00:15:07.759 --> 00:15:13.039 by hierarchies represents decrepitude and sadness. He dresses in black and leans on his 129 00:15:13.080 --> 00:15:18.639 cane. Many times it appears covered with dry leaves and carries a chalice or 130 00:15:18.720 --> 00:15:26.279 ampoule that show its relationship with time. There are many other allegorical divinities invoked 131 00:15:26.360 --> 00:15:33.279 with less fervor. Some humans tried to tie them up and others feared them. 132 00:15:35.039 --> 00:15:39.840 These divinities, though abstract, crystallize the concreteness of human relationship in the 133 00:15:39.879 --> 00:15:46.000 sphere of consciousness and are presented as firm and definite points of action. Simarte 134 00:15:46.600 --> 00:15:52.799 is mythologically the god of war and psychologically represents by his mentality of brutal and 135 00:15:52.919 --> 00:16:00.519 primary man, violent and young, an animal. Finally Enio, allegorical divinity 136 00:16:00.559 --> 00:16:07.480 expresses the war itself ended. War will be the field to nikey victory and 137 00:16:07.840 --> 00:16:14.720 Irene peace marte. Instead, he continues to seek new wars. Consequently, 138 00:16:15.360 --> 00:16:21.120 it can be said that allegorical divinities are not myths because they do not articulate 139 00:16:21.279 --> 00:16:27.120 properly poetic and global visions, but in the intimate, they are understood and 140 00:16:27.240 --> 00:16:33.919 committed by the myth, by extracting from it its vital nucleus, episodic conformation 141 00:16:33.919 --> 00:16:38.440 and symbolic structure. The myth elevates the natural phenomenon that is perceived by the 142 00:16:38.519 --> 00:16:45.879 senses rain, lightning, vegetation, birth, death, moon sun fertility of 143 00:16:45.919 --> 00:16:52.919 the earth to an impalpable vision of the content, denouncing the mystery of its 144 00:16:52.919 --> 00:16:56.879 universality, But at the same time, corporatizes human subspecies. The cause of 145 00:16:57.039 --> 00:17:03.840 the phenomenon itself is the cause of lightning and rain. But despite possessing majestic 146 00:17:03.960 --> 00:17:08.680 figure of superior divinity, it is represented not only with features, but also 147 00:17:08.720 --> 00:17:17.240 with human passions, which makes it unstable and questionable themis. On the contrary, 148 00:17:17.680 --> 00:17:22.960 it retains as allegorical divinity the stability and continuity of action, because it 149 00:17:22.160 --> 00:17:33.599 personifies not a mystery, but such a concept that of fast feet was the 150 00:17:33.680 --> 00:17:38.000 goddess of error. No mortal in the world can escape the art tricks the 151 00:17:38.920 --> 00:17:45.960 error with fatal caresses. The deceptive goddess envelops humans in her entanglements. In 152 00:17:47.000 --> 00:17:52.519 that lies its purpose and the greatest pleasure of its existence. In distant times, 153 00:17:53.319 --> 00:18:00.839 Até lived in the Olympus, fomenting serious discord among the gods. He 154 00:18:00.920 --> 00:18:07.279 silenced the pleasant conversations that once gladdened the testines, caused the divine gazes to 155 00:18:07.359 --> 00:18:14.359 be lost sad by dark runners, causing the immortals to fight in every way 156 00:18:14.480 --> 00:18:19.480 possible. He insinuated words in their ears that always led them to mistakes. 157 00:18:21.240 --> 00:18:26.400 He placed behind his back heavy browns of guilt born of his fallacious acts. 158 00:18:26.519 --> 00:18:32.319 One day, Jupiter got tired of so much discord. He got tired of 159 00:18:32.359 --> 00:18:40.119 seeing the gods go wrong and making tremendous mistakes himself. Airado, the god 160 00:18:40.200 --> 00:18:44.640 of the gods took me by the hair and threw her to the earth. 161 00:18:45.200 --> 00:18:51.000 Expelled from divine society, the goddess moved to live among humans, began to 162 00:18:51.680 --> 00:18:56.440 disturb the hearts and to divert the hand that moved in a gentle gesture to 163 00:18:56.480 --> 00:19:03.640 make it an instrument of her deceptions, her designs. The humble preces and 164 00:19:03.680 --> 00:19:10.160 lame daughters of Zeus, even though they undo many of their intrigues, fail 165 00:19:10.240 --> 00:19:17.119 to completely repair the evil that spreads to you night and day. They follow 166 00:19:17.200 --> 00:19:23.039 the traces of evil divinity, but before it has light feet and without letting 167 00:19:23.519 --> 00:19:27.039 go it walks through the world, stripping mortals of their peace of mind. 168 00:19:27.799 --> 00:19:37.279 He has fun deceiving them by pretending to show them the right way and leading 169 00:19:37.440 --> 00:19:42.039 reality through tortuous ways that only bring them evil. Preces don' t always 170 00:19:42.119 --> 00:19:48.680 arrive on time. Many times, when they come to tea has already passed, 171 00:19:48.799 --> 00:19:53.119 they find only laments of repentance or rebellion on their way. And they 172 00:19:53.160 --> 00:20:02.759 have nothing left but to comfort the miserable mortal constants deceived by the contrivances of 173 00:20:02.839 --> 00:20:11.799 the goddess ate. Several centuries later, the sculptor Stéfano Maderno conceived a justice 174 00:20:11.039 --> 00:20:18.319 tired of sad expression that carries in the discouraged arms a balance of gold and 175 00:20:18.400 --> 00:20:26.240 an axe of lictor, symbol of administration of justice. The famous victory of 176 00:20:26.359 --> 00:20:33.839 Samothrace sculpted by an unknown artist of the Hellenistic period. It shows victory as 177 00:20:33.960 --> 00:20:40.839 a beautiful woman with large open wings. Luca Giordano, for his part, 178 00:20:41.000 --> 00:20:47.720 a Renaissance painter, represented wisdom as an exuberant and young woman who gives a 179 00:20:47.799 --> 00:20:53.680 key to the inventive and a hammer to the industry for siodo metis, prudence 180 00:20:53.680 --> 00:21:00.359 or foresight. It is wisdom for theocrit, industry and the arts are daughters 181 00:21:00.400 --> 00:21:07.960 of peña to the poverty that induces humans to work. For his part, 182 00:21:08.799 --> 00:21:18.079 Oine the punishment, avenged the god Apollo Lino was born from the love of 183 00:21:18.240 --> 00:21:22.200 Apollo and Samati. However, the mother could not show her child to the 184 00:21:22.240 --> 00:21:26.640 world. He was afraid of his father' s anger. The king of 185 00:21:26.720 --> 00:21:32.519 Argos, useless caution, the secret was soon discovered and the ruler, doubting 186 00:21:32.599 --> 00:21:36.440 his daughter' s word, who in tears, claimed to have joined the 187 00:21:36.519 --> 00:21:41.200 Apollo God, rejected the child could not look at it without being ashamed of 188 00:21:41.279 --> 00:21:49.200 what he considered an adventure unworthy of Samate' s condition. Neither the cry 189 00:21:49.279 --> 00:21:56.000 of the creature nor the mixed pleas to the sobs could dissuade him from his 190 00:21:56.119 --> 00:22:02.480 vengeance. Lino was thrown to the dogs and his little body devoured before Samate 191 00:22:02.599 --> 00:22:07.440 ' s almost mad eyes. She could not mourn much the loss of her 192 00:22:07.559 --> 00:22:12.559 son, for Crotopo soon commanded that the Matasen there was no more love in 193 00:22:12.599 --> 00:22:18.079 the heart of the king of Argos, nothing but revenge. He thirsted for 194 00:22:18.200 --> 00:22:22.680 honor and filled it with the blood of his own. He forgot about Apollo. 195 00:22:22.400 --> 00:22:26.160 The god loved Zamate and also called that child who could not live. 196 00:22:27.640 --> 00:22:33.920 His love and sorrow turned into hatred. He also desired revenge and to realize 197 00:22:33.960 --> 00:22:41.119 that desire sent Poine the punishment to the kingdom of Crotopo. The emissary of 198 00:22:41.160 --> 00:22:45.839 Apollo came to Argos and began to devour the children of the city insatiable. 199 00:22:47.000 --> 00:22:52.079 The cry of despair came to all homes no longer heard childish cries and mothers 200 00:22:52.119 --> 00:22:59.319 tried to keep their children secret. But Corebo, a young man of argos, 201 00:22:59.519 --> 00:23:03.839 decided to fight the monster. Arrived from the Olympus to mourn his homeland. 202 00:23:03.359 --> 00:23:08.039 With great courage, he faced the punishment and killed him. Thus, 203 00:23:08.119 --> 00:23:17.559 Corebo was stained forever had interfered in a divine vengeance. Poine' s death 204 00:23:18.160 --> 00:23:23.359 became an unbearable burden. In search of redemption, Coreo ventured along the paths 205 00:23:23.519 --> 00:23:30.839 of Delphi. He arrived at Apollo' s temple hesitantly low eyes stripped of 206 00:23:30.880 --> 00:23:36.240 his former bravura Humbly took a sacred tripod and put it on his shoulders. 207 00:23:36.920 --> 00:23:41.640 For the long time, the r by mountains I Valleys bent under the weight 208 00:23:41.680 --> 00:23:48.200 of his burden, aged carrying his penance. But one day, when no 209 00:23:48.279 --> 00:23:53.119 one remembered how much he wandered the world, he felt his shoulders light and 210 00:23:53.240 --> 00:24:00.599 saw the tripod fall on the grass. He understood that forgiveness had come or 211 00:24:00.079 --> 00:24:03.920 had come and he no longer wanted to leave. In the same place where 212 00:24:03.000 --> 00:24:07.759 he was freed from his bale, he founded Megara, a city where he 213 00:24:07.759 --> 00:24:12.000 lived until the end of his days. Another is the story of Tige who 214 00:24:12.079 --> 00:24:19.599 for love makes a slave a Serbian king. Tulio didn' t expect anything 215 00:24:19.720 --> 00:24:26.799 from life. The future only promised him suffering and humiliation. Few knew his 216 00:24:26.880 --> 00:24:30.200 name. I didn' t even know the respect. Due in principle, 217 00:24:30.240 --> 00:24:36.359 to all men. He was a slave. Day after day, under the 218 00:24:36.400 --> 00:24:41.400 burning sun he cultivated the grapes with which the wine was made, whose taste 219 00:24:41.519 --> 00:24:45.920 he would never know. On winter nights shrugged among broken blankets, he felt 220 00:24:47.000 --> 00:24:52.799 the cold that penetrated the slits of his hut and prevented him from falling asleep. 221 00:24:52.599 --> 00:24:59.200 On summer nights. The intense heat and insects contributed to tormenting his body 222 00:24:59.279 --> 00:25:04.319 and burning with fever, but humbly accepted his fate and loved the gods with 223 00:25:04.359 --> 00:25:11.960 his simple heart. The time did not seem to run for him and, 224 00:25:11.160 --> 00:25:18.400 instead of bewitching him, the working life and the warmth of the sun embellished 225 00:25:18.640 --> 00:25:23.960 his beautiful and pure features made a goddess fall in love with him. The 226 00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:32.039 fortune if he spent long silent nights contemplating that dream agitated by poverty, he 227 00:25:32.880 --> 00:25:37.960 often leaned slightly on his feverish head, trying to refresh it and blew in 228 00:25:38.039 --> 00:25:44.799 the warm air to chase away the impertinent insects. Increasingly, the beautiful face 229 00:25:44.880 --> 00:25:51.880 and slender body of being Vio Tulio captivated the goddess Fortune. The slave continued 230 00:25:51.920 --> 00:25:56.039 to feel that his nights became more pleasant and he was on his way from 231 00:25:56.119 --> 00:26:00.039 rest and happiness to his work. Nobody buys the reason for that sudden move. 232 00:26:02.680 --> 00:26:07.880 Neither could he himself explain the mystery that enveloped him until one night he 233 00:26:07.960 --> 00:26:12.599 pretended to sleep then he perceived that a fragile and beautiful figure was sliding through 234 00:26:12.599 --> 00:26:18.599 the door, approaching him quietly and delaying by contemplating him leaning over him. 235 00:26:19.920 --> 00:26:27.039 Servio Tulio got up delighted never knew who was the most amazed. The goddess 236 00:26:27.160 --> 00:26:32.759 wanted to flee, but in the hesitancy of her gesture she saw that her 237 00:26:32.759 --> 00:26:37.400 hands were still caught, among his. First they changed words, shy smiles, 238 00:26:38.160 --> 00:26:44.319 little by little, approached, touched and finally joined. Servio Tulio' 239 00:26:44.400 --> 00:26:49.559 s life was transformed and he made him king first of his heart. After 240 00:26:49.880 --> 00:26:56.799 the Romans. The life of slavery was left behind in time, but it 241 00:26:56.880 --> 00:27:00.640 was not extinguished in his memory. Servio Tulio ruled with the wisdom of those 242 00:27:00.759 --> 00:27:07.240 who have known suffering. As sovereign, his first act was to thank the 243 00:27:07.319 --> 00:27:12.359 goddess for helping him, instituting his worship in Rome and throughout his reign he 244 00:27:14.000 --> 00:27:18.880 endeavored to inculcate in the people the veneration of Fortuna, showing her that she 245 00:27:19.039 --> 00:27:27.039 is always attentive and willing to provide joy to humans. For its part, 246 00:27:27.279 --> 00:27:33.799 another allegorical goddess has a placid face, eyes turned toward the sky, young 247 00:27:33.920 --> 00:27:42.200 body, blond and long hairs. It floats over humanity and inspires it in 248 00:27:44.200 --> 00:27:49.519 prudent acts and from them is reciprocable respect and fear. There are a little 249 00:27:49.599 --> 00:27:56.079 more complex deities like the god Sarcasm who offended the Momo Olympics. Sarcasm was 250 00:27:56.720 --> 00:28:00.880 born of sleep and night, but although its origins are dark and quiet, 251 00:28:02.119 --> 00:28:07.920 they live by loud mockery. Nothing escapes his eyes that shine attentively behind the 252 00:28:08.079 --> 00:28:15.000 mask. Not only humans, but gods fear their irreverent words, born of 253 00:28:15.160 --> 00:28:25.319 quick reasoning that quickly reach their ears and hurt their hearts. Momo is a 254 00:28:25.359 --> 00:28:30.480 discontent in the best human or divine action, in the purest or noblest action, 255 00:28:30.880 --> 00:28:37.839 He always finds a reason, however small, to spread on it. 256 00:28:37.680 --> 00:28:45.200 The mockery is the mockery itself. Gods and humans feel naked when he looks 257 00:28:45.279 --> 00:28:51.759 at them and feels their nakedness proclaimed the world. When a smile or a 258 00:28:51.880 --> 00:28:56.799 comment sprouts from the mummo lips that does not admit a reply, but the 259 00:28:56.960 --> 00:29:02.440 calm attitude of those who do not fight seriously the lively and constant smile, 260 00:29:03.000 --> 00:29:10.079 the grace and expression all in Momo delights and amuses when their ferocious sayings have 261 00:29:10.200 --> 00:29:18.880 as white defects others. His mood is corrosive. He walked through the olympus 262 00:29:18.000 --> 00:29:23.680 followed by a smiling court, always looking for a victim. The sarcasm marked 263 00:29:23.920 --> 00:29:29.759 his gesture one day. However, the secret fear of being exposed overcame the 264 00:29:30.319 --> 00:29:34.640 pleasure of cursing and led the divinities to expel mon The motive could be banal, 265 00:29:36.799 --> 00:29:42.720 but it implied the gods. Tell yourself there was a fantastic fact tournament. 266 00:29:44.519 --> 00:29:51.200 Neptune, known as the Greeks' possession, gave birth to a magnificent 267 00:29:51.359 --> 00:29:56.200 bull with its vibrant noses of Vulcan fury, known as the Greeks' fest, 268 00:29:56.960 --> 00:30:03.880 created a man and bewitched by his perfect Minerva work. He also worked 269 00:30:03.960 --> 00:30:08.279 seriously and built a very large, very solid and very comfortable house. Which 270 00:30:08.359 --> 00:30:14.119 king would give all his treasures to dwell in such a beautiful building. The 271 00:30:14.200 --> 00:30:18.759 three gods praised their own work. Everyone was sure that their work was the 272 00:30:18.799 --> 00:30:23.680 best and everyone argued without listening to the arguments of the others were blind and 273 00:30:23.720 --> 00:30:27.480 deaf for what was not the work of their hands and so they came to 274 00:30:27.599 --> 00:30:34.480 no conclusion. Wanting to put an end to the situation, they called Momo 275 00:30:34.680 --> 00:30:38.359 as the arbiter of the excellence of his serious work. For the first time, 276 00:30:38.559 --> 00:30:44.759 the god Sarcasm examined the facts, toured each one with attentive and critical 277 00:30:44.759 --> 00:30:49.759 gaze, but soon the smile Burlona rose to his lips fruit of a dangerous 278 00:30:51.240 --> 00:30:56.039 thought and exposed his conclusions the bull did not have the horns well placed. 279 00:30:56.640 --> 00:31:02.319 They had to be closer to the eyes so that he could hurt more accurately 280 00:31:02.440 --> 00:31:07.039 or, if not, closer to the homoplates, so that his stroke would 281 00:31:07.160 --> 00:31:12.799 have increased violence. The Vulcan man didn' t escape criticism either. He 282 00:31:12.839 --> 00:31:18.400 was not perfect, as his author thought, he was missing a window in 283 00:31:18.400 --> 00:31:22.799 his heart. So everyone could see his feelings that he was giving to Minerva 284 00:31:22.839 --> 00:31:29.400 Momula' s house toured, touched the walls and felt it was extremely solid. 285 00:31:29.960 --> 00:31:34.319 The goddess exulted feeling victorious, but soon the smile died on her lips. 286 00:31:34.680 --> 00:31:40.799 His house said Momo was extremely solid, which prevented him from moving in 287 00:31:40.880 --> 00:31:45.160 exchange for a bad neighborhood. You couldn' t take it from one place 288 00:31:45.160 --> 00:31:51.200 to another. That wonderful house, the wrath of the offended and ridiculed gods, 289 00:31:51.240 --> 00:31:56.759 fell upon Moho, angry and violent voices rose up, fists closed threatening. 290 00:31:59.359 --> 00:32:06.039 And that was the last day, the last day that Momo stepped on 291 00:32:06.440 --> 00:32:13.000 there was expelled without smiles, the faces contracted, ordering him never to return 292 00:32:13.079 --> 00:32:17.440 like sarcasm was to give among humans, he began to live among them, 293 00:32:17.839 --> 00:32:24.519 talking and laughing as if nothing had lost. And among humans he also finds 294 00:32:24.680 --> 00:32:32.359 countless reasons for amusement. With this we can see that not always does the 295 00:32:32.480 --> 00:32:37.960 human spirit create allegories that are beneficial to it, such as prudence, justice, 296 00:32:37.240 --> 00:32:44.359 peace, the existence of divinized metaphors such as mania, madness, tie, 297 00:32:44.839 --> 00:32:50.119 error, apate, deception And Momo and sarcasm well illustrates the fact that 298 00:32:50.599 --> 00:32:58.200 imagination is also capable of elaborating fugitive mechanisms that renculate the order of society and, 299 00:32:58.519 --> 00:33:06.400 fundamentally, that they are reflecting aspects of the human condition that cannot be 300 00:33:06.480 --> 00:33:13.599 completely eradicated from society. For their part, wisdom, justice, truth and 301 00:33:13.759 --> 00:33:19.319 peace constitute an eternal search for the human spirit, the supreme ideal that should 302 00:33:19.400 --> 00:33:27.920 move peoples, individuals and civilizations. But now let' s talk about Niso 303 00:33:28.559 --> 00:33:31.160 and Eurialo, a soul in two bodies. Even the brutality of the struggle 304 00:33:31.240 --> 00:33:37.599 failed to weaken the friendship of Niso and Eurial. Nothing could separate them and 305 00:33:37.640 --> 00:33:44.359 many said they were two bodies with one soul. They left together with eneas 306 00:33:44.440 --> 00:33:50.359 when the destruction of Troy toured many lands together and overcame many men. They 307 00:33:50.480 --> 00:33:57.480 always fought bravely. Strengthend by the greatest of feelings. They were looking for 308 00:33:57.559 --> 00:34:02.960 the promised land for the defeated Trojans to accompany Aeneas to a new homeland somewhere 309 00:34:02.960 --> 00:34:08.000 in that immense world populated with humans. In this search they went to give 310 00:34:08.119 --> 00:34:14.440 the Lazio and there they decided to take root. At first, the local 311 00:34:14.480 --> 00:34:20.000 population looked at them with suspicion, but soon received them warmly and the Latin 312 00:34:20.079 --> 00:34:25.880 king himself conceived Aeneas the hand of his daughter Lavinia. However, peace in 313 00:34:25.920 --> 00:34:31.880 the new land was to be ephemeral. In the vicinity of the lazio lived 314 00:34:32.039 --> 00:34:37.599 the rútulos, whose king turned you in love with the vineyard and nourished the 315 00:34:37.679 --> 00:34:43.760 burning desire to marry her. One irritated day the foreigner, who suddenly snatched 316 00:34:43.880 --> 00:34:52.320 his beloved Princess Turn, decided to promote war against him. The struggle exploded 317 00:34:52.360 --> 00:34:58.360 furiously in the Lazio camps. In present- day Italy, Aeneas did not 318 00:34:58.440 --> 00:35:04.559 have enough weapons or soldiers to confront the enemy. He then decided to leave 319 00:35:04.639 --> 00:35:09.599 for other kingdoms in search of vigilant reinforcements. At his guard post. Niso 320 00:35:09.679 --> 00:35:15.679 and Euria knew one night that the enemy was going to attack and resolved to 321 00:35:15.679 --> 00:35:22.079 warn Aeneas, but to find him it was necessary to cross the enemy field 322 00:35:22.079 --> 00:35:24.239 by stepping on the ground. Wet. Niso and Eurialo walked among the rútulos 323 00:35:24.400 --> 00:35:30.840 the warriors slept tired of so many battles and in sleep several of them plunged 324 00:35:30.880 --> 00:35:36.239 into the darkness of death, crossed by the weapons of the two Trojans who 325 00:35:36.360 --> 00:35:42.679 took advantage of that moment of rest to avenge the lost lives among their ranks. 326 00:35:43.320 --> 00:35:49.840 Some soldier wakes up to the suffocated gestures and groans and reacts Niso and 327 00:35:49.880 --> 00:35:54.079 Euria. The surprised are separated and sought out in the darkness, having confused 328 00:35:54.280 --> 00:36:00.880 in the night the hand that the friend suddenly seeks, Eurialo is surrounded prisoner 329 00:36:00.920 --> 00:36:07.000 among enemies. His scream freezes his chest and his partner Niso realizes that he 330 00:36:07.039 --> 00:36:12.480 has no escape and that they are both alone. Each one comes near without 331 00:36:12.519 --> 00:36:16.880 being seen and throws a dart. The rútulos fall without life the look of 332 00:36:16.960 --> 00:36:22.119 bolsente. The enemy chief travels the field, full of hatred, surprises Uríalo 333 00:36:22.199 --> 00:36:27.079 and condemns him to put out with his own blood the death of his soldiers. 334 00:36:28.079 --> 00:36:31.840 You can' t even hear the meth and run towards the group exposing 335 00:36:31.880 --> 00:36:37.800 themselves to vuelcent revenge wanting to defend their friend. He accuses himself, but 336 00:36:37.239 --> 00:36:42.559 his courage is in vain. His burning does not disturb the enemy heart. 337 00:36:43.159 --> 00:36:47.280 Coldly, the commander of the rútulos hammers the weapon into the chest of eurialo 338 00:36:49.519 --> 00:36:53.679 anger causes nest to be thrown upon the warrior, but other arms imprison him. 339 00:36:54.880 --> 00:37:00.880 She debates herself like a wild beast, but she is not afraid of 340 00:37:00.880 --> 00:37:04.119 the desire to kill the one who separated her from her friend. It guides 341 00:37:04.239 --> 00:37:09.000 him in that unequal struggle, stopped with limited movements and death so near. 342 00:37:10.079 --> 00:37:15.480 Even so, he can' t hurt Bolsente. Soon after he dies murdered. 343 00:37:16.280 --> 00:37:21.480 His body full of fury. He' s been lying still on Uria 344 00:37:21.960 --> 00:37:27.559 ' s body recently. Both dead on the same mission both united in the 345 00:37:27.599 --> 00:37:31.920 Kingdom of Shadows, as they were in the Land of the Living. For 346 00:37:32.000 --> 00:37:37.519 its part, Nemesis, the allegorical divinity of revenge punishes the pride of cres 347 00:37:37.599 --> 00:37:45.320 hidden from above. She watches and punishes severely, but with justice. Now 348 00:37:45.519 --> 00:37:51.119 Nemesi' s eyes have turned to Creso. The king of Lydia Cretius rules 349 00:37:51.239 --> 00:37:53.639 all the peoples of Asia. He is often powerful, rich and happy. 350 00:37:54.400 --> 00:37:58.800 He lives in luxury surrounded by people who only take care of serving him. 351 00:37:59.400 --> 00:38:02.320 I believe you have nothing, for the faithfulness of his subjects makes there is 352 00:38:02.360 --> 00:38:07.960 no enemy capable of facing him. Creso has everything with excess and it is 353 00:38:07.000 --> 00:38:12.800 precisely the excesses of goods that attract the attention of Nemesis. Divine vengeance, 354 00:38:13.360 --> 00:38:17.079 the mighty king of Lydia should fear it, but fear is far from his 355 00:38:17.119 --> 00:38:23.679 heart set on his golden throne grew. He feels as invulnerable as a god. 356 00:38:24.360 --> 00:38:29.679 It doesn' t even happen to him through thought, always back to 357 00:38:30.199 --> 00:38:34.840 his own greatness that one day he could lose all his goods under the blade 358 00:38:34.920 --> 00:38:37.440 of a sword moved by ambitious hands. But in the mind of Cyrus, 359 00:38:37.880 --> 00:38:44.440 the king of the Persians set forth bold plans, plans to conquer the treasures 360 00:38:44.480 --> 00:38:49.000 of the Cresus. The desire to overcome surpasses the consciousness of one' s 361 00:38:49.039 --> 00:38:52.880 own weakness. Nemesis inspires him boldness and without his own knowledge, decides to 362 00:38:52.960 --> 00:38:59.360 help him. In the silent dawn, the Persian soldiers penetrate the palace of 363 00:38:59.400 --> 00:39:04.599 Creso, all the cities enter the struggle and there is no fidelity that exceeds 364 00:39:04.719 --> 00:39:08.840 the value of the invaders, the joyful sound of the chants and the parties 365 00:39:08.880 --> 00:39:13.679 is replaced in the air by the shouts and the noise of the weapons. 366 00:39:14.639 --> 00:39:17.199 The pleasure of life is trued in the pain of war and at the old 367 00:39:17.239 --> 00:39:25.480 table filled with hunger surrounded by weakened bodies, laughter disappears and tears appear on 368 00:39:25.880 --> 00:39:31.960 the discolored faces. Nostalgia dwells in all hearts, mourning covers all homes. 369 00:39:34.960 --> 00:39:39.000 Peace was lost in hatred and it always grew so sure it is forced to 370 00:39:39.119 --> 00:39:45.280 remember that the little one has little to lose nemesis. He gave strength to 371 00:39:45.360 --> 00:39:50.000 Cyrus and he defeated Cresus in battle. There' s nothing left of the 372 00:39:50.119 --> 00:39:52.960 old pride. His hands, accustomed to molice and caresses, are wounded in 373 00:39:53.400 --> 00:39:59.639 a useless struggle. For holding back something of all that was his and finally, 374 00:39:59.800 --> 00:40:06.599 inert voids like the very lifeless body of the proud sovereign. From above 375 00:40:06.679 --> 00:40:15.119 nemesis smiles satisfied. Cyrus' joy is logical. He barely rests from his 376 00:40:15.119 --> 00:40:17.880 victory. He prepares to rule the people who inhabit their new territories, but 377 00:40:19.679 --> 00:40:30.639 Cyrus will not even be sporadically happy. Another of the allegorical divinities was Astrea, 378 00:40:31.199 --> 00:40:37.280 which symbolized justice. Legend has it that she lived among men in the 379 00:40:37.280 --> 00:40:42.360 Golden Age, when all were good and free. But then the world became 380 00:40:42.400 --> 00:40:45.280 the image of hell, filled with fear, selfishness, war and revenge. 381 00:40:47.880 --> 00:40:54.320 Astre then fled to heaven, where he became the constellation of the virgin known 382 00:40:54.480 --> 00:41:06.119 as the Virgo. Another interesting allegorical divinity is the persuasion that helped Theseus unite 383 00:41:06.159 --> 00:41:12.880 his people. When Theseus took power in the attic, he was not happy 384 00:41:13.679 --> 00:41:17.440 with thought. I was walking the almost deserted streets of Athens. He didn 385 00:41:17.559 --> 00:41:22.679 ' t hear laughs or see a kid playing. The absence of his subjects 386 00:41:22.039 --> 00:41:28.440 hurt his soul. The village is scattered in the fields. Every human lives 387 00:41:28.519 --> 00:41:34.559 his own loneliness, but I want to know that only the Union of all 388 00:41:34.599 --> 00:41:37.599 can strengthen the kingdom, create an atmosphere of love and joy. During the 389 00:41:37.639 --> 00:41:43.639 night. The silence of the empty streets weighs him not let him sleep. 390 00:41:44.280 --> 00:41:47.840 I wish to waste long hours looking at the stars in search of a means 391 00:41:47.840 --> 00:41:52.079 to gather their people. Since he ascended to the throne, he has done 392 00:41:52.480 --> 00:41:54.800 nothing, because he had been robbed because of the conquest of the crown, 393 00:41:55.800 --> 00:42:00.400 he had not realized that he had no one to rule over. Or little 394 00:42:00.559 --> 00:42:04.639 conceives an idea. Motivated in his spirit by a new light, which is 395 00:42:04.719 --> 00:42:08.280 prepared by his luggage, part in search of his subjects, goes to the 396 00:42:08.320 --> 00:42:13.679 fields and from house to house, mendicates company with words full of promise, 397 00:42:15.760 --> 00:42:20.639 persuades him there accompanied by persuasion. She persuades everyone to come together and live 398 00:42:20.719 --> 00:42:25.920 together. Soon after, Athens is changing and people are arriving from all over 399 00:42:25.960 --> 00:42:30.480 in a spirit of staying. Houses are built, neighbors know each other, 400 00:42:30.559 --> 00:42:36.239 laughter rejoices, naked walls and children play and run under the eyes of mothers. 401 00:42:37.000 --> 00:42:42.199 Athens is reborn quickly, it is colored with life. The work gathers 402 00:42:42.239 --> 00:42:46.920 hands making them strong, because the energy of all converges in a common work. 403 00:42:49.119 --> 00:42:53.280 Walking through the streets desires, he feels them different, he feels them 404 00:42:53.320 --> 00:42:59.400 alive full of human warmth, but in his work he has had an allyed 405 00:43:00.119 --> 00:43:06.039 grian and I it the persuasion. Without it, his kingdom would continue to 406 00:43:06.119 --> 00:43:10.679 be an almost empty space. To thank her for her intervention, I wish 407 00:43:10.760 --> 00:43:16.000 she instituted the worship of the Goddess in her domains and she continued to protect 408 00:43:16.079 --> 00:43:22.800 Athens, which flourishes to become the great center of Union of the Attic populations 409 00:43:22.920 --> 00:43:28.199 and the great work of Theseus, the king. This has been a space 410 00:43:28.239 --> 00:43:34.800 in which we have then spoken of the main acabolic divinities. Let us not 411 00:43:34.880 --> 00:43:39.920 forget that fortune is the fate of every human. I mentioned earlier. It 412 00:43:39.960 --> 00:43:45.199 was not sung in Homer' s poems, but it was a very important 413 00:43:45.239 --> 00:43:52.239 divinity in the world in classical, especially in Rome, where it was said 414 00:43:52.280 --> 00:44:00.880 that each emperor had his own fortune, just as each of us has it. 415 00:44:01.519 --> 00:44:09.280 Let us not forget then the allegorical divinities that accompany us a hug. 416 00:44:09.840 --> 00:44:21.280 And until a next episode.