WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.280 --> 00:00:04.120 This is Spacetime Series twenty six, Episode one hundred and twenty seven, for 2 00:00:04.280 --> 00:00:09.119 broadcast on the twentieth of October twenty twenty three. Coming up on space Time, 3 00:00:09.839 --> 00:00:15.160 the plot thickens and the Hunt Planet nine. You clues on planetary formation 4 00:00:16.000 --> 00:00:21.600 and fresh insights into the atmosphere and star of an exoplanet. All that and 5 00:00:21.719 --> 00:00:45.280 more coming up on space Time Welcome to space Time with Stuart Gary. A 6 00:00:45.280 --> 00:00:50.640 pair of theoretical physicists are reporting that the same observations inspiring the hunt for a 7 00:00:50.759 --> 00:00:55.280 ninth planet the outer edge of our Solar System might instead be evidence of a 8 00:00:55.359 --> 00:01:00.920 modified law of gravity originally developed to understand the rotation of galaxies. Reporting in 9 00:01:00.960 --> 00:01:07.319 the Astronomical Journal Researches, harsh Matter from Case Western Reserve University and Catherine Brown 10 00:01:07.319 --> 00:01:12.760 from Hamilton College made the assertion after studying the effect the Milky Way galaxy would 11 00:01:12.760 --> 00:01:18.159 have on objects in the outer Solar System. That's if the laws of gravity 12 00:01:18.280 --> 00:01:23.359 were governed by a theory known as modified new turn in dynamics or MOOND. 13 00:01:23.840 --> 00:01:27.920 MOOND proposes that to isaa, Newton's famous laws of gravity are valid only up 14 00:01:27.959 --> 00:01:34.319 to a point. That is, when the gravitational acceleration predicted by Newton's law 15 00:01:34.400 --> 00:01:38.400 becomes small enough, Moond allows for a different gravitational behavior to take over. 16 00:01:40.040 --> 00:01:45.319 The observational success of Mind on galactic scales is why more and more scientists are 17 00:01:45.319 --> 00:01:49.840 considering it an alternative to dark matter, the term physicists used to describe that 18 00:01:51.000 --> 00:01:57.799 mysterious hypothesized form of matter which is invisible but has gravitational effects on surrounding regular 19 00:01:57.840 --> 00:02:01.120 matter. It's thought to be what stops its galaxies flinging apart as they rotate, 20 00:02:01.319 --> 00:02:07.639 and provides an added degree of magnification during gravitational lensing events. Martha says 21 00:02:07.840 --> 00:02:13.520 Mon's really good at explaining gravitational observations, but it wasn't expected to have any 22 00:02:13.560 --> 00:02:17.879 noticeable effects on the Outer Solar System. Martha and Brown have studied Mon's effects 23 00:02:17.919 --> 00:02:23.840 on galactic dynamics before, but they became interested in Mon's more local effects after 24 00:02:23.919 --> 00:02:29.159 astronomers announced in twenty sixteen that a handful of objects in the Outer Solar System 25 00:02:29.360 --> 00:02:34.400 showed orbital anomalies that could be explained by a ninth planet. The hunt for 26 00:02:34.520 --> 00:02:38.280 that missing ninth planet's been going on ever since, but did not avail, 27 00:02:38.680 --> 00:02:43.240 at least not yet. Meanwhile, Brown realized that Mon's predictions might be at 28 00:02:43.240 --> 00:02:47.120 odds with the observations that had motivated the search for planet nine. She says 29 00:02:47.159 --> 00:02:52.080 they wanted to see whether or not the data that supported the planet nine hypothesis 30 00:02:52.120 --> 00:02:58.159 would effectively rule out Mond. Instead, they found that Mond predicted precisely the 31 00:02:58.240 --> 00:03:04.280 clustering that astronomers had observed. Mather and Brown argue that over millions of years, 32 00:03:04.520 --> 00:03:07.639 the orbits of some of the objects in the out of Solar System would 33 00:03:07.719 --> 00:03:13.520 be dragged into alignment with the galaxy's own gravitational field. Mathis says that when 34 00:03:13.520 --> 00:03:16.520 they plotted the orbits of the objects from the planet nine data set against the 35 00:03:16.560 --> 00:03:23.039 galaxy's own gravitational field, the alignment was striking. However, the author's caution 36 00:03:23.159 --> 00:03:27.759 the current data set is small, and that any number of other possibilities might 37 00:03:27.840 --> 00:03:31.840 prove to be correct. For example, it's been argued that the orbital peculiarities 38 00:03:31.879 --> 00:03:37.719 are all the result of observational bias. Brown says, regardless of the outcome, 39 00:03:37.840 --> 00:03:40.120 the new work highlights the potential of the out of Solar System. The 40 00:03:40.240 --> 00:03:47.919 servers the laboratory for testing gravity and studying some fundamental problems in physics this space 41 00:03:49.039 --> 00:03:53.639 time still to come. Astronomers have discovered the youngest hot Jupiter ever seen, 42 00:03:54.199 --> 00:04:00.159 and new insights into the atmosphere and star of an exoplanet. All that and 43 00:04:00.240 --> 00:04:19.439 more still to come on space time. 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Astronomers have discovered 69 00:06:33.360 --> 00:06:40.079 the youngest hot jupiter ever seen. Hot jupiters are giant gas exo planets in 70 00:06:40.199 --> 00:06:45.439 tight orbits around their stars. They're thought to have been originally formed further out 71 00:06:45.439 --> 00:06:49.279 in their star systems, but then migrated inwards to their current orbital positions. 72 00:06:49.879 --> 00:06:55.480 However, a study of a hot jupiter known as ci Toower B is raising 73 00:06:55.519 --> 00:07:00.639 more questions than answers about its origin. A reporting the Estrophysical Journal Letters suggest 74 00:07:00.680 --> 00:07:04.800 that CI Tower be as a close nine earth day orbit around its host star 75 00:07:05.000 --> 00:07:09.920 Ci Toower, which is located some four hundred and fifty light years from Earth 76 00:07:09.959 --> 00:07:14.920 in the constellation Taurus the Bull. The trouble is the star is only around 77 00:07:15.000 --> 00:07:18.120 two million years old, and that's far too young to have such a mature 78 00:07:18.160 --> 00:07:25.560 planet orbiting so closely for decades. Most astronomers believe that giant planets like the 79 00:07:25.600 --> 00:07:29.959 gas giants Jupiter and Satin in our Solar System would have formed further out from 80 00:07:29.959 --> 00:07:33.720 the host stars over periods of around ten million years or so, but the 81 00:07:33.800 --> 00:07:39.480 discovery of dozens of hot jupiters out there have led to new theoretical models that 82 00:07:39.639 --> 00:07:44.759 might describe how such planets could form. Now a four year nearing for its 83 00:07:44.759 --> 00:07:50.240 spectroscopic analysis of the ci tower system has provided some surprises. Astronomers have been 84 00:07:50.279 --> 00:07:57.519 studying ci towbe's brightness, mass, and atmospheric carbon monoxide levels to answer questions 85 00:07:57.519 --> 00:08:01.920 about how our planets so large could around a star so young. One of 86 00:08:01.959 --> 00:08:07.439 the studies authors at least a proto from the Lower Observatory is importantly, they 87 00:08:07.439 --> 00:08:11.600 were able to undertake spectroscopic observations of the planet itself, the first time this 88 00:08:11.680 --> 00:08:16.279 has been done for such a close sin planet around such a young star. 89 00:08:16.079 --> 00:08:20.759 The most valuable way to learn how planets form is the study planets like COITOWB 90 00:08:22.079 --> 00:08:26.480 that are either still forming or of only just completed forming. Ci Toowerb's age 91 00:08:26.560 --> 00:08:33.759 made it a perfect candidate for observation with the Emerson Grating Infrared Spectrograph. It's 92 00:08:33.799 --> 00:08:39.399 a unique high resolution instrument that was used during observations of CIOWERB from both the 93 00:08:39.480 --> 00:08:43.759 Mcdonnal observatories two point seven meter telescope and the Lower Observatory's four point three meter 94 00:08:43.919 --> 00:08:50.279 telescope. Because each atomic element and molecule of a star emits light at a 95 00:08:50.360 --> 00:08:56.200 specific set of wavelengths, Astronomers can look for specific signatures or spectral lines to 96 00:08:56.240 --> 00:09:00.960 see if an element is present in a distant star or planet. Spectral lions 97 00:09:00.960 --> 00:09:05.559 can also reveal the temperature and density of a star and how fast it's moving. 98 00:09:05.080 --> 00:09:11.200 Preto says the research team used the spectral lines from carbon monoxide to distinguish 99 00:09:11.320 --> 00:09:15.279 the light emitted by the planet from the light being emitted by the nearby star, 100 00:09:16.039 --> 00:09:20.200 but many the spectral lines that are featured in the planet are also featured 101 00:09:20.240 --> 00:09:24.200 in the star. If both the planet and the star were stationary, then 102 00:09:24.279 --> 00:09:28.720 the spectral lions would blend together, making them hard to distinguish from one another, 103 00:09:28.960 --> 00:09:31.679 meaning scientists wouldn't be able to tell what came from the star and what 104 00:09:31.840 --> 00:09:37.279 came from the planet. But because the planet's orbiting the star rapidly, its 105 00:09:37.399 --> 00:09:41.799 lines are shifting back and forth dramatically, allowing astronomers to subtract out the stars 106 00:09:41.879 --> 00:09:46.279 lines and see only the lions coming from the planet, and from those they 107 00:09:46.279 --> 00:09:50.120 could determine how bright the planet is relative to the star, which tells them 108 00:09:50.159 --> 00:09:54.559 something about how it formed. That's because the brightness of a star or planet 109 00:09:54.679 --> 00:10:01.120 depends both upon its size and its temperature. Direct observation evidence of the mass 110 00:10:01.120 --> 00:10:05.759 and brightness of Ci Tower b's especially useful because we also know it orbits a 111 00:10:05.879 --> 00:10:09.600 very young star. Most of the hot jupiter's found so far we're found orbiting 112 00:10:09.639 --> 00:10:16.960 middle aided stars, but Ciow's age provides a tight constraint for testing models by 113 00:10:16.000 --> 00:10:22.039 providing a unique empirical yardstick by which to measure competing theories. Can they produce 114 00:10:22.039 --> 00:10:26.840 a planet this spright and massive in so little time? The author's analysis of 115 00:10:26.879 --> 00:10:31.840 the spectral lines from carbon monoxide shows that Ci Tower B has a mass of 116 00:10:31.879 --> 00:10:37.200 around eleven point six jupiters and is around one hundred and thirty four times fainter 117 00:10:37.320 --> 00:10:41.200 than its parent star. At about two million years old, Ci Tow B 118 00:10:41.440 --> 00:10:48.000 is by far the youngest hot jupiter directly detected. Preto says that provides strong 119 00:10:48.039 --> 00:10:52.679 evidence that it formed through a hot start process, a theoretical model that describes 120 00:10:52.679 --> 00:11:01.039 how gravitational instabilities could form giant planets more rapidly than traditional accretion models. There's 121 00:11:01.039 --> 00:11:07.440 no way you could you could possibly make up the things that we see with 122 00:11:07.519 --> 00:11:13.519 telescopes. They're they're they're incredible. It's it's better than any kind of fiction. 123 00:11:16.519 --> 00:11:20.039 Our sun is sort of unusual and that it's all by itself. Most 124 00:11:20.080 --> 00:11:22.159 stars. If you go out at night, clear night, you look at 125 00:11:22.159 --> 00:11:28.360 the sky, you see all those little points of light. About half of 126 00:11:28.399 --> 00:11:31.320 those points you see are actually systems of more than one star, two, 127 00:11:31.559 --> 00:11:39.200 three, four, or five stars, all gravitationally bound. My name is 128 00:11:39.200 --> 00:11:43.480 Lisa Prato. I'm an astronomer at Low Observatory, and I work on very 129 00:11:43.480 --> 00:11:56.360 young binary stars and planet formation and very young stellar systems. Doctor Lisa Prato's 130 00:11:56.440 --> 00:12:03.480 research is aimed at solving a big question, how do planets form? The 131 00:12:03.600 --> 00:12:09.360 answer lies somewhere inside a star system. Doctor Proto doesn't look for any old 132 00:12:09.399 --> 00:12:15.919 stars. She looks for only the youngest ones. These are things that are 133 00:12:16.440 --> 00:12:20.639 compared to a human, would be minutes old, and for stars, they're 134 00:12:20.679 --> 00:12:24.080 a million years old or two million years old. So there are these new 135 00:12:24.120 --> 00:12:31.919 born stars, These young, wild, misbehaving stars are very unstable, very 136 00:12:31.000 --> 00:12:37.200 variable. So it's excruciatingly difficult to look for planets in these systems. But 137 00:12:37.480 --> 00:12:41.320 very young stars are the only chance for doctor Proto to catch a glimpse of 138 00:12:41.360 --> 00:12:46.320 a disc of dust and gas that's left over from the stars. Berth inside 139 00:12:46.320 --> 00:12:52.840 this disc is where planets form. The search for young stars with planets becomes 140 00:12:52.960 --> 00:13:00.720 especially interesting with binaries. You have two stars and both of them are they're 141 00:13:00.720 --> 00:13:03.440 born together, They're exposed to the same conditions, the same environment, and 142 00:13:03.519 --> 00:13:09.320 the two stars have the same temperature and the same mass. Why in some 143 00:13:09.399 --> 00:13:13.399 cases there's only one star still have a disc and the other star doesn't. 144 00:13:13.679 --> 00:13:16.559 Does that mean the other star has already formed planets? Or does that mean 145 00:13:16.559 --> 00:13:20.759 the other star didn't form with a disc? Or these great questions. And 146 00:13:20.799 --> 00:13:24.200 when you have two or more stars together, you actually have a sort of 147 00:13:24.200 --> 00:13:28.440 a built in control. Who knows what answers? Doctor Pratu might find Now 148 00:13:28.480 --> 00:13:33.720 that IGRINS, the most powerful infrared spectrograph in the world, has come to 149 00:13:33.840 --> 00:13:41.559 DCT through collaboration with the University of Texas and KASSI in Korea, Doctor Prato 150 00:13:41.679 --> 00:13:48.919 realizes that all future breakthroughs rely on collaboration, most importantly by passing the scientific 151 00:13:48.000 --> 00:13:52.399 method on to the next generation of astronomers. I think the most important thing 152 00:13:52.399 --> 00:13:58.759 that I do is actually mentoring students and interns and post docs. That's really 153 00:13:58.759 --> 00:14:05.960 cuy key to passing along knowledge. And ideas, not just the science itself, 154 00:14:07.039 --> 00:14:11.039 but also how to do the sciences, the ethics and the things that 155 00:14:11.080 --> 00:14:20.759 should drive the work in astronomy, which are curiosity and determination and dedication and 156 00:14:20.840 --> 00:14:26.519 honesty. That's Lisa Preta from the Low Observatory and this is space time still 157 00:14:26.519 --> 00:14:31.480 to come new insights into the atmosphere and star of an exoplanet, and later 158 00:14:31.480 --> 00:14:35.840 in the science report, scientists have now discovered one hundred and twenty five mammal 159 00:14:35.960 --> 00:14:41.600 species low in the dark. All that are more still to come on space 160 00:14:41.720 --> 00:15:01.600 time. Astronomers have failed defined any signs of an atmosphere around the Earth like 161 00:15:01.720 --> 00:15:07.600 exoplanet Trappis one B. The findings are reported in the Astrophysical Journal Letters are 162 00:15:07.679 --> 00:15:13.240 a blow for those who had speculated that this world could Sunday play host to 163 00:15:13.279 --> 00:15:18.840 a human colony. Discovered back in twenty sixteen, the Trappist one BE exoplanetary 164 00:15:18.919 --> 00:15:22.799 system is located just forty light years away, making it a celestial near neighbor. 165 00:15:24.519 --> 00:15:28.679 It's centered around a spectro type M red dwarf star, smaller and cooler 166 00:15:28.720 --> 00:15:33.879 than the Sun. So far, astronomers have detected seven tightly packed Earth like 167 00:15:33.919 --> 00:15:37.840 planets orbiting around the star, three of which, including Trappis one B, 168 00:15:37.240 --> 00:15:43.360 are within the star's habitable zone, the area around a star where temperatures would 169 00:15:43.360 --> 00:15:46.399 allow liquid water central for life as we know it to pul on a planet's 170 00:15:46.480 --> 00:15:52.519 surface. These features of all fueled hopes are finding potentially habitable environments for humans 171 00:15:52.600 --> 00:15:58.840 beyond our Solar system. The new observations examine the planets Trappist one, B, 172 00:15:58.360 --> 00:16:03.600 C, H ALL using the James Web Space telescope with Trappis one be 173 00:16:03.960 --> 00:16:10.159 observed during two transits. By analyzing the central star's light after it pass through 174 00:16:10.159 --> 00:16:15.679 the extoplanet's atmosphere during a transit, astronomers can obtain spectroscopic data on the chemical 175 00:16:15.720 --> 00:16:21.440 composition of the planet's atmosphere, providing unique fingerprints of the molecules and atoms found 176 00:16:21.519 --> 00:16:26.840 within that atmosphere. While all seven of Trappis one's planets have been tantilizing candidates 177 00:16:26.840 --> 00:16:32.600 in the search for Earth sized planets with an atmosphere, Trappist one be's proximity 178 00:16:32.639 --> 00:16:37.399 to its host star means it finds itself in harsher conditions than its siblings. 179 00:16:37.000 --> 00:16:41.159 It receives four times more radiation than the Earth does from the Sun and it 180 00:16:41.200 --> 00:16:45.320 has surfaced temperatures ranging from one hundred and twenty to two hundred and twenty degrees 181 00:16:45.440 --> 00:16:51.480 celsius. Astronomers say they could also confidently rule out the existence of a cloud 182 00:16:51.559 --> 00:16:55.320 free, hydrogen rich atmosphere. In other words, there appears to be no 183 00:16:55.480 --> 00:17:00.559 clear extended atmosphere around Trappis one be at all. However, it could not 184 00:17:00.720 --> 00:17:04.880 confidently exclude a thinner atmosphere, such as those composed of pure water, carbon 185 00:17:04.920 --> 00:17:11.079 dioxide, or methane, nor an atmosphere similar to that of Saturn's moon Titan, 186 00:17:11.200 --> 00:17:14.680 the only moon in the Solar System with its own atmosphere, and one 187 00:17:14.759 --> 00:17:19.039 which many scientists believe was very similar to the primordial Earth. However, if 188 00:17:19.039 --> 00:17:22.680 Trappist one BEE were to have an atmosphere, it would have been the easiest 189 00:17:22.680 --> 00:17:27.240 to detect and describe of all the targets in the system. That's because Trappis 190 00:17:27.240 --> 00:17:30.720 one B will be the closest planet to the star and thus the hottest planet 191 00:17:30.720 --> 00:17:36.079 in the system. Its transit would have created a strongest signal. All these 192 00:17:36.079 --> 00:17:41.799 factors make Trappis one BE a crucial yet challenging target for observation. In fact, 193 00:17:41.839 --> 00:17:45.240 the key finding of the study was the significant impact that stellar activity and 194 00:17:45.279 --> 00:17:51.440 contamination has when trains that determine the nature of an exoplanet. Now, stellar 195 00:17:51.480 --> 00:17:56.880 contamination refers to the influence of the star's own features, such as dark regions 196 00:17:56.920 --> 00:18:02.680 called sparts and bright regions called faculi, on the measurements of an exoplanet's atmosphere. 197 00:18:03.240 --> 00:18:07.880 The team found compelling evidence that still A contamination plays a crucial role in 198 00:18:07.960 --> 00:18:11.519 shaping the transmission spectru of Trappis one B and likely the other planets in the 199 00:18:11.559 --> 00:18:17.559 system as well. They found that central star's activity can create ghost signals, 200 00:18:18.039 --> 00:18:22.799 and these may fill the observer into thinking that detected a specific molecule in an 201 00:18:22.799 --> 00:18:29.279 exoplanet's atmosphere, and so the results underscore the importance of considering still A contamination 202 00:18:29.559 --> 00:18:36.319 when planning future observations of all exoplanetary systems. This is especially true for systems 203 00:18:36.480 --> 00:18:40.880 like Trappis I, since it's centered around a red dwarf star, which can 204 00:18:40.920 --> 00:18:47.279 be especially active with star spots and frequent flare events. This is Space Time 205 00:19:02.960 --> 00:19:06.160 and time out for another brief look at some of the other stories making us 206 00:19:06.200 --> 00:19:11.279 in science this week with a science report. A new study has found that 207 00:19:11.359 --> 00:19:18.039 koala populations across Australia have been decimated by bushfires in recent years, and researchers 208 00:19:18.039 --> 00:19:22.799 of forecasting that these wildfires will continue to threaten them and their habitats even more 209 00:19:22.920 --> 00:19:29.319 in coming decades. By generating FI susceptibility maps from the present through to the 210 00:19:29.400 --> 00:19:33.160 year twenty seventy, scientists were able to identify the threat that wildfires posed to 211 00:19:33.240 --> 00:19:40.920 koalas both now and under feature climate change scenarios, and they found alarming outcomes. 212 00:19:41.519 --> 00:19:45.839 The findings, reported in the journal Environmental Technology and Innovation, show that 213 00:19:45.880 --> 00:19:51.039 almost half of austress koala habitats will be under high bushfire threat by the year 214 00:19:51.079 --> 00:19:56.160 twenty seventy. There are fresh warnings today that at least forty percent of amphibian 215 00:19:56.240 --> 00:20:02.039 species around the world are currently under threat. The findings are reported in the 216 00:20:02.119 --> 00:20:07.799 journal Nature, based on an international assessment of eight thousand species. The assessment 217 00:20:07.920 --> 00:20:11.640 was done last year to update a previous analysis of amphibians in two thousand and 218 00:20:11.720 --> 00:20:15.839 four, which showed that they were the most threatened type of animal with a 219 00:20:15.880 --> 00:20:21.359 backbone in the world. Researchers say that the threats posed to amphibians are ongoing. 220 00:20:22.160 --> 00:20:25.839 However, while the vast majority of threats back in two thousand and four 221 00:20:26.000 --> 00:20:30.279 were related to disease and habitat loss. Ongoing and predicted climate change impacts are 222 00:20:30.279 --> 00:20:36.039 now responsible for thirty nine percent of the deterioration in the status of the animals. 223 00:20:37.759 --> 00:20:41.200 Scientists have now discovered around one hundred and twenty five mammal species that glow 224 00:20:41.400 --> 00:20:47.640 under ultraviolet light. The findings, reported in the journal the Raw Society Open 225 00:20:47.759 --> 00:20:52.599 Science, covers all twenty seven orders of mammals, suggesting that it's actually quite 226 00:20:52.680 --> 00:20:57.799 widespread amongst mammal species. Researchers say it's still unclear exactly why animals have this 227 00:20:57.880 --> 00:21:02.759 fluorescence, but it it's likely to be used to make their skin and therapy 228 00:21:02.960 --> 00:21:08.799 brighter and enhance visual signaling, especially for nocturnal species. Okay, time now 229 00:21:08.880 --> 00:21:12.920 for the silliest story of the week and a wyoming couple enjoying a ride on 230 00:21:14.000 --> 00:21:18.759 the popular Durango and Silvers and narrow Gate steam railroad, which snakes its way 231 00:21:18.759 --> 00:21:23.160 through southwestern Colorado. A video what appears to be the ever less is Sasquatch 232 00:21:23.839 --> 00:21:29.599 timendum from Austraya and Skeptics says it's one of the most unusual big foot sightings 233 00:21:29.720 --> 00:21:34.039 ever seen. That was great. It like a good sath quatch film. 234 00:21:34.160 --> 00:21:37.319 Everyone thinks death quatches up in the northwest of America, you know, with 235 00:21:37.519 --> 00:21:41.920 all foresty and stuff like that. But the supposed sighting supposed sides of almost 236 00:21:41.960 --> 00:21:47.039 every state all the way down to Florida of these sort of humuloid animals on 237 00:21:47.200 --> 00:21:49.960 the prow. And this film was supposed to be taken from a steam train, 238 00:21:51.079 --> 00:21:55.200 small gauge tourist train running between a couple of towns in Colorado. The 239 00:21:55.319 --> 00:21:57.920 story goes that someone was supposed to be filming on behalf of someone else to 240 00:21:57.960 --> 00:22:02.480 try and spot Elk, and therefore they were filming out the window the which 241 00:22:02.519 --> 00:22:03.920 was the back of the train, filming out the window, and they saw 242 00:22:04.079 --> 00:22:07.759 something moving. Now, if you look at the original video, this thing 243 00:22:07.839 --> 00:22:11.119 moving was a long way away that they saw it moving apparently, and then 244 00:22:11.160 --> 00:22:15.480 most of the videos you see online at large, so it makes them look 245 00:22:15.480 --> 00:22:18.400 a lot clearer. So this creature they saw, which is humanoid, very 246 00:22:18.559 --> 00:22:22.359 person thing you're walking along through some low brush, low scrub, and then 247 00:22:22.599 --> 00:22:27.400 sits down and then lies back. But what's happening is that someone suggested is 248 00:22:27.839 --> 00:22:34.720 lying down hiding in response to the train the whole minutes before the scene, 249 00:22:37.160 --> 00:22:40.400 and so that doesn't hold order to me. Right then, what it is 250 00:22:40.400 --> 00:22:42.200 seemed to be doing is lying down want to see someone filming it, which'd 251 00:22:42.240 --> 00:22:45.599 be an interesting prospect for a sealthquat to know when someone is filming it. 252 00:22:45.720 --> 00:22:49.359 And one of the strange things about this video is that it pans off to 253 00:22:49.400 --> 00:22:53.000 the right and doesn't film the creature anymore. Creature still as far as I'm 254 00:22:53.039 --> 00:22:56.000 still sitting on the ground, But then because the train is moving along, 255 00:22:56.039 --> 00:22:59.640 did you think you'd be turning around and filming this thing for as long as 256 00:22:59.640 --> 00:23:02.559 you could. It doesn't come along very often. Let's you see Bigfoot, 257 00:23:02.799 --> 00:23:04.359 but no, the camera just pans on as if it's just going along. 258 00:23:04.559 --> 00:23:08.119 I got to tell you, it looked more like a Wookie than a sasquatch. 259 00:23:08.200 --> 00:23:11.960 To me. It was long and thin like a wookie. Sasquatch is 260 00:23:11.000 --> 00:23:15.359 supposed to be tall and broad. Looks like a wookie costume. You can 261 00:23:15.359 --> 00:23:18.680 buy them for about three hundred dollars in the US. Apparently, I look 262 00:23:18.720 --> 00:23:25.480 at it, but so and the people themselves don't seem really like ridiculously excited 263 00:23:25.519 --> 00:23:27.200 about this thing. I don't know how often they spot a sasquatch, they 264 00:23:27.240 --> 00:23:30.359 say, you know, there's the elusive creature there. It is blood blah. 265 00:23:30.359 --> 00:23:33.960 But and you think I'd be running around screaming something, look at that, 266 00:23:33.000 --> 00:23:36.559 look at that, look at that, in around a high piece of 267 00:23:36.599 --> 00:23:40.319 voice and saying how exciting it was. They don't seem huge excited. Normally, 268 00:23:40.359 --> 00:23:44.079 when you watch episodes of Finding Bigfoot, they're doing the finding or the 269 00:23:44.119 --> 00:23:47.480 searching, at least if they don't actually find anything. They're doing the searching 270 00:23:47.519 --> 00:23:52.200 at night. So one of Thesume's Bigfoot would be nocturnal. Yet this is 271 00:23:52.240 --> 00:23:56.440 broad daylight. Yeah. The famous Patterson film that was in the late sixties 272 00:23:56.480 --> 00:24:00.720 was daylight as well. You know, film later admitted that it was certainly 273 00:24:00.720 --> 00:24:03.279 the guy who got dressed up said it was looking all along and yeah that's 274 00:24:03.359 --> 00:24:07.119 daylight. Yeah, most of the things at night. I don't know why 275 00:24:07.160 --> 00:24:08.640 ghosts when he come out at night, what's what's some of the ghosts in 276 00:24:08.720 --> 00:24:11.200 the daytime? You know, what's what's their problems? Because they're going to 277 00:24:11.200 --> 00:24:15.599 be seen. There is actually a company in the town they were heading towards, 278 00:24:15.640 --> 00:24:22.640 which promotes sasquatch through it. Now, they're actually really subtle about it. 279 00:24:22.680 --> 00:24:26.319 They're actually pretty cool. It seems to be. They're mainly just promoting 280 00:24:26.359 --> 00:24:30.119 four wheel drive camping trips out of the wild, so it's an interesting coincidence. 281 00:24:30.319 --> 00:24:49.319 It's Timendum from Ustria and Skeptics, and that's the show for now. 282 00:24:51.039 --> 00:24:56.000 Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through Apple Podcasts, iTunes, 283 00:24:56.319 --> 00:25:00.759 Stitcher, Google Podcast, pocket Casts, Spotify, Acast, Amazon Music 284 00:25:00.960 --> 00:25:07.319 Byites dot com, SoundCloud, YouTube, your favorite podcast download provider, and 285 00:25:07.480 --> 00:25:11.279 from space Time with Stuart Gary dot com. Space Time's also broadcast through the 286 00:25:11.359 --> 00:25:17.640 National Science Foundation, on Science Own Radio and on both iHeartRadio and tune In 287 00:25:17.759 --> 00:25:22.079 Radio. 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