I'm in a scholarly mood. Lately, I'm in a stream, NonStop type
of mood. We're gonna be covering Malcolm Lambert's magisterial book Medieval Heresies. Excuse
me, Medieval Heresy. I took these notes back in about two thousand and
five or six when I read the book when I was doing my undergrad It
wasn't related to my classes, none of my classes really. I had a
few medieval classes. They didn't really deal with medieval church history. A few
did, but it was just an interest of my own. So we'll be
covering this book in depth. This will be at least a two part lecture,
maybe more because of the amount of material, and back then in my
twenties, I took copious notes. I would take hundreds of pages of notes
to remember things and one or two classes away. For I'm a double major
in history, so I do have quite a bit of historical reading under my
belt. Malcolm Lambert's book is, of course one of the probably classic scholarly
works on the medieval heresy movements, grigoryan Reform all the way up to right
before the Reformation. So we'll get up to Jean huss and some of the
pre Reformation characters. I think Wickliffe might even come up. I don't recall,
but I think the book ends with the Bohemian Prague Reformation characters. And
I don't recall if I started my note taking a little bit into the book,
but my notes begin with the spiritual Franciscans and the heretical Joachamites. These
come up in many modern analyzes of the history of revolutionary thought. So if
you're interested in the history of Marxism communists, many people will point to the
Joakimites. Even Cardinal Ratzinger in his book Introduction of Christianity. I think he's
got a section on Jokim Fior. Jordan Peterson also has commented on Yoakim of
Fior. So these are important characters. This is going to be pretty dense.
It's not going to be It'll be like the Pelicon introduction that we did
five hour lecture covering the totality of Pelican Volume one. I will eventually do
the totality of Pelican Volume two and Pelican Volume three. These are really good
and this book fits in with those. Also potentially irrelevant is a book kind
of similar to what we're doing tonight it's Western focused, but Marcia Colish's book
Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition, I read this back in the two
thousands as well. Let's get into it. So another reason we're doing this
is because we want to look back, after many years of reflecting on Orthodox
theology and being grounded in that mindset, to reflect on the analysis that I
had of Roman Catholicism back in about two thousand and four or five when I
read this as a young trad I think I was a Latin mascower at this
time two thousand and four or five. So let's look at where Malcolm Lambert
takes us the Franciscan problem. A lot of these problems, by the way,
will be problems due to the theological infasies and dialectical struggles in the West
after the East West Split twelve seventy four. This is relevant because twelve seventy
four is right about the time that we would say, I mean, yeah,
there's ten fifty four, But twelve seventy four is when the Roman Caelat
dogmatic at the Council of Lyons states the double hypostatic procession, the doctrine that
orthodoxy does not accept welcome everybody. We've got tonight one hundred and sixty six
nerds, and we're going to be getting into some deep stuff. So Francis
of Assisi, as you know, he's one of the most famous Roman Catholic
saints. France of Assisi is the probably the most notable, most recognizable of
the Roman Catholic saints, other than you know, Mary or something like that.
But there's some great articles, by the way that will contrast the saints
in Orthodoxy versus the saints in Rome Catholicism, and what we start to see
is a difference in the devotion and the mystical experiences at this very time period.
The different orders of rom Catholicism will be contrasted to the pretty standard orders
of Orthodox monastas. There's just one kind of Orthodox monastas and there's not all
these different orders, so to speak. Now, Francis is interesting because he
comes at a time when there was a lot of religious political corruption, a
lot of bishops buying off bishoprics, simony, this kind of stuff. Political
guy's buying off bishops, and so Francis has the idea at his death of
a testament, and so he puts forth this quote testament, and the later
Franciscans themselves ironically will turn worldly and become very powerful, and there will be
a later counter action to return to the early purity period after twelve seventy four.
One of the first spiritual quote unquote Franciscans is the character Peter Olivi LVI
was dominated dominate the mind of all the quote spirituals. He worked out the
consistent what was seen to be the consistent poverty doctrine of the Franciscans. The
use of goods was viewed by Peter Olive as a mortal sin an absurd doctrine.
But nevertheless, apparently Peter thought that was the case. The Roman Catholic
Saint Bonaventure did not accept this as except he thought this was too rigorous,
and so Bonavnder said, now having property itself is not inherently sinful, And
in fact, the property used was owned by the papacy, and therefore it
was under the rule of Peter, and if Peter accepted it, then it
was okay. But you'll notice that the locus of the corruption here there is
a legitimate critique, because of the Roman Catholic papacy had attained to such a
worldly palatial status in terms of money and so forth. And so this is
part of the reason of why there's a reaction on the part of these Franciscans
due to the actual corruption. The Franciscans ran into an immediate controversy with Dominicans,
the Dominicans, of course, Thomas Aquinas the dominant fam most famous Dominican
dominic founder of the Order of Dominicans, and the Dominicans, of course had
a much more theological philosophical approach and would reason with this and said, you
guys are really unreasonable. There's nothing wrong with owning property. Olivie, however,
prepared the way interestingly enough for William of Baucam in his thinking, and
this bothered many Franciscans. So OLIVI was pretty much a radical. He had
some really weird philosophical use. And you'll prepare the way for William of Aaukham,
the first nominalist. This is when we'll begin to see nominalism rise to
the fore. But already you can begin to see the preparations laid for what
will come centuries later in terms of communism, and most people do. In
terms of historical analysis. I've spent many classes in undergrad and grad school studying
the history of revolutionary movements and communism. They will go back to Yochim and
Francisco, so you do begin to get out of the dialectics of this period,
the coming rise of communism. Welcome. We get over two hundred nerds
on this late Sunday night show, be sure, and if you would leave
a like in a share, we've got sixty two likes, two hundred and
three people in the in the in the viewing audience. So if you like
this, give me a like. You're gonna learn a lot tonight because most
people aren't familiar with this period. And even I had forgot. I mean,
you know, it's fifteen years ago that I took these notes. Even
I forgot in some of this material, all right, two decades after Peter
Olivi's death, I didn't write down when that was. The Council of Vienne
is called thirteen twelve. Now, this is one of the Roman Catholic Frankish
in the sense of France King of France right councils. It still did not
pin a condemnation on Peter Olivie because of these many disputes going on at this
time and he never receives the scholastic academic recognition that many I guess of his
followers had hoped for. Many of them believed Peter Olive's persecution was actually a
sign of the end times. The next important spiritual Franciscan is Joachim Ifiora.
Joakim took his cue after Peter Olive's death, and he is the Olive's own
thoughts on esca hology appeared to be unclear. However, Joachim was convinced that
Olivia was speaking prophetically. Yoakim died under the Pope Innocent the third, and
he spent his life studying the patterns in history with scriptures. So Joakim had
this idea, we can match up all these patterns in history to his perceived
end time speculation, and that because of the corruption, now this, you
know, a couple of centuries into three centuries into the second millennium here after
Christ, this has to be the end times, right, everybody, Oh,
it's always this, We are in the end times. And so he
had these really kind of arbitrary assumptions that he would pin onto scripture with the
different patterns of the end times that he had come up with There were,
however, three popes at this time that encouraged Joachim in his ideas. Lucius
the second, Clement the third, and Urban the second all encouraged. If
you are yet his writings received a condemnation for trinitarian errors at the fourth Lateran
Council. His views on history and the future were not condemned, however,
and so many people would still appeal to this. I mean, why are
you going to appeal to a trinitarian heretic to for these for a bunch of
end time speculation. I don't know, but nevertheless many people afterwards will continue
to do that. Even up into today. People think this guy was relevant.
I mean, if you're bad enough that the Roman Catholic synods condemn you
for Trinityan errors, which themselves are based on trinitarian errors, then you got
to be pretty bad. And I think it relates to his You know,
there's the age of the father, age of the Son, and then the
age of the Holy Spirit, which is ludicrous. His views on history in
the future. I already read that these views were very influential in the thirteenth
century, so this is a big debate of the third teenth century. His
idea was this, there is a coming third Age of the Spirit, and
this was going to be exemplified in the religious orders. So there would be
this like big revival of the Spirit in this final age. It would it
would like purify and cleanse the religious orders, the Franciscans, Dominicans, all
of them the church, and they in turn would then cleanse the Church.
He attempted to predict a bunch of this end time stuff. He was like
a Roman Catholic John Hagy type of character, or Hawl Lindsey predicting the end.
However, he did excuse me, I misread my nose. He never
attempted to predict the dates, so I was wrong about that. But he
did say that they were coming in his lifetime, so he kind of did.
That's a little unclear, Joachim said. The second age, which is
the age of the revelation of the Sun, was the age of the clerics.
Right. The third age, the Age of the Spirit, would be
with the rise of the spiritual Franciscans and monastics in the church to cleanse and
purify the church. It's just really weird ideas sat Saint Benedict, well,
for us, he's a saint. Excuse mean Benedict is the saint. He
says that the spiritual age began with Saint Benedict. That Orthodox also recommend or
recognized. But Joachim was unsure that he personally would not enter into this age,
but it would come before his death, and then the spiritual age would
really kick in when certain abbots came in to control of the Franciscan and Dominican
orders. The instant tutions of the Franciscan and Dominican orders would receive this endowment
of the spirit, and then they would cleanse the church. Thank you for
those super chantsmen, I was appreciated. I'll get those to those in a
little bit. Franciscans were most influenced by Yoikim. That the Old Testament provided
prophetic parallels was commonplace in his day. It was common to look back at
the Old Testament find patterns for the periods of the New Testament Church era.
Thus, because there was a parallel of the Old Testament events, there would
then be some there would be the same events of the New Testament, and
so it focused on a lot of these numeric principles. So they would actually
try to find numerological, spiritual, allegorical meanings to try to prove these things.
In twelve sixty. It happened to be the year twelve sixty for some
reason, in terms of people's calculations, happened to be some kind of a
famous date for the supposed end of the world. Flagelence went wild at this
time in Italy and Germany and the Alps. Many many of these ecstatic Flagelens
were going nuts, whipping kicking their own butts, and they focused this movement
focused on this radical asceticism that's not even asceticism, it's basically self mutilation.
From twelve sixty to twelve ninety. Then it dies up down. I guess
many Franciscan friars speculated that Joachim's prophecies were related to France of Assisi, so
they thought Francis was bringing in this final spiritual age. Some people even thought
that Francis Assisi was the sixth angel of the apocalypse. Here we go,
this is the plug in isogesus method of whatever you think is going on,
plug that into the apocalypse, and that this would herald the new age.
Note of course, that typically speaking, this doesn't characterize Eastern and Byzantine theology.
There may have been periods when people thought consistently, I mean pretty much
in every century somebody thought we're in that last days. But these kind of
wild dialectical things like this, I mean, it just it's not present in
the Byzantine normative way of living at this time period. So the two churches
have clearly gone, you know, in two different directions. And the next
guy, I don't know how to pronounce this. I don't know. I
can't speak Italian. I guess this guy is Italian or yeah. Guelmia Guiliema
was a dude who died in twelve eighty one in Milan. He was burned
by the Inquisition. She so she was a woman, heretic, a prophetess,
and her initiates received her as an incarnation of the spirit. So notice
the bizarre Western trinitarian views have now given rise to bizarre heterodox notions of the
incarnation. Now, the third person of the Godhead can become incarnate. I
mean, we saw this in the Montanous Montanus said he was the incarnation of
the Holy Spirit in the early Church. We're getting the same sort of flower.
And by the way, I'm not saying that this kind of heresy was
only in the Latin West. I mean the Boga mills come out of the
East. They will come out of the Orthodox East and infiltrate the West.
I'm not trying to oversimplify this, but I do think a lot of these
movements in this period of the Latin Church do arise because of that theology and
because of Trinitarian mistakes. Now some of these notes I can't read, so
you'd have to forgive me. There behind these people believe that a woman from
their midst would be the incarnation of the Holy Spirit. Her name was Manfreda.
I'm not sure what my notes mean here, So there's a I think
there's a movement. I don't know. I can't tell what im They received
her as Manfreda. I guess they believe she was the woman. They called
her, that she would be the first woman pope and angelic pope. She
would convert the Jews and Muslims and usher in the New Age. There would
be female cardinals and clergy. With this new age, there would be four
new Gospels this time period. Notice the heretics when they pop back up,
it's the same stuff. Montanus said the exact same thing as this. He
had two women prophetesses, and they were the voice of the spirit. Okay,
so my notes about her in there, Oh you know what, my
notes are out of order. Dang, I just realized that. Well,
so I'm not going to go back and start over. We're gonna sep skip
back a little bit because these old notes. That page is from a little
bit further. So we're going to skip back, Sorry about that, to
ten seventy eight. Robert King, Robert the Pious. We're looking at Orleans.
Stephen the Confessor seduces the Queen of Constance into his Manichean heresy. So
this is under ten seventy eight under King Robert the Pious, So the Queen
becomes a Manichean and other potential converts apparently snitched on this king. Anyway,
the core of this belief was a form of gnosticism. Initiates were relieved of
all their sins and knew all of the scriptures, and as a result,
they would therefore deny the incarnation, and there were then no sacraments that were
valid. So I apologize. I jumped ahead with the Joachim section. I
didn't realize it was out of order. I just thought my nose began Franciscans,
but we're going to go back a couple of centuries prior to Franciscans,
these heretics that will begin to kick off kind of the coming Gnostic and Cathar
stuff. It begins with this I can't read my notes. Sorry, Stephen
the Confessor in Orleans. I don't know who Stephen the Confessor is, but
he seduces a queen. At this time, the King Robert the Pious apparently
captured and interrogated and convicted and burned some of the original nascent heretics here that
are going to kick all this off. And he burned down a house full
of these heretics. It's pretty crazy. One of these guys was Paul the
Monk, who wrote of the tale. No excuse me. Paul the Monk
is who records this at this time, and he says that the heretics were
notorious for having secret orgies. A couple of years later, maybe a couple
of years earlier, in Milan twelve eight a d. The castle of Montefort
is suspected of housing heretics by the Archbishop Aribert of Milan. The leader is
a guy named Gerard, who is then interrogated for his heretical views. These
heretics early on in Milan taught that had come with the idea that all sexual
intercourse was absolutely wrong. To eat meat, Veganism is always wrong. It
is always wrong to have private property. Remember this, So we're going we've
gone back a couple centuries. These guys are going to influence later pet or
heretical spiritual Franciscans. They came up with a unique heretical definition of the trinity,
where the Father is God, the Son is a spirit of man,
and the Holy Spirit is the understanding of all divine matters. So the Holy
Spirit is identified with the reason. Uh, this is reminiscent. They were
reminiscent of Jean Scotus Ergina and they viewed so they were influenced by him,
I guess, and he wasn't as bad as them, but I guess they
influenced him. But they viewed they viewed this world as a demonic inhabitation.
Christ alone is the head pontiff. There are no popes, and these sect
members would actually kill men, kill one another before death. So if if
you were going to die, the sect would come and go ahead and kill
you. So they didn't let anybody die on their deathbed, that's about ten
twenty eight. Okay, so this is leading us up to ten seventy eight
with the heretics and mont Orleans, and you're starting to notice a pattern of
breaks out ten twenty eight, Milan breaks out ten seventy eight, Orlean.
Next, we have around the same time period middle of the eleventh century and
Aquitaine the Peace of God heresy. The Peace of God movement was borrowing from
older manniche intexts and just rehashed this and represented it us in ten twenty five,
a day the bishop Gerrard had discovered a group of pratical movements within his
jurisdiction and have them imprisoned. These heretics were interrogated in the church and questioned
the validity of marriage. So notice what keeps popping up here is for some
reason, in different regions. I think that's the amazing part of this is
that these different regions in the eleventh century are popping up with the same heresies.
It's very bizarre. So I don't know. I don't think any of
us know if there's one source from which it spread across Western Europe, or
if it's just happening to pop up in these different places. Under Bisho took
Garrard in r as they began to question the New Testament and because they had
rehashed Marcionite ideas. They thought that the New Testament was teaching a God of
love and the Old Testament was teaching a mean God. They thought that their
ascetic practices of rejecting marriage was called the way of righteousness. Because of the
sins and corruption of the clerical priesthood, these groups had all the clerics,
had all made their sacraments invalid, so now they're rehashing the donuts dis heressing.
Thus the heretics reason baptism was unnecessary. Bishop of Garrard argued that understanding
scripture lay with the hierarchy and the magistrum of the church and not with these
laymen. The I can't read that note something about the heretics. Oh,
the heretics were invited to a meeting to defend their views, and the records
of the meetings claimed that the heretics had been stupefied by the end of the
debate. So I don't know if this continues on or dies out, but
you're starting to see these things pop up lesser heretics of this time that also
popped up the Soissons. Al Debart was a rural preacher who started walking around
Germany and declared himself a saint and distributed toenails and hair clippings to all of
his followers. So he was creating his own living, nasty Bunyan relics.
Right, here's my toenail clippings. Dog. Another weird heretic Theuda. How'd
you like to be named? Theuda? Theota was a prophetess quote unquote who
received visions of the end of the world. These vision were imminent and they
were coming to Mainz. We noticed the patterns here. What are the patterns
in time? Speculation? Sex is evil, Marcianism, gnosticism, lay preachers
right, contrasted with legitimate criticisms of clergy who are corrupt. So now I
don't know why I keep going back in time. I don't know if my
notes were out of order. But a little bit earlier similar movements, I
guess. In the late ninth century in the West, Bishop Claudius of Turin
he had come up with an a conoclasm heresy where he said that we should
have no images in Christian worship, and no cross veneration, there be no
cult of saints, there will be no more privilege of pilgrimages. And the
pope is the successor to the pope is not a successor Peter. Peter's premiacy
died with him. So I think that the bishop, I think it's saying
the Bishop of Turin had fallen into this heresy, and that could be because
he was influenced by the fact that the Carolinians rejected and I see it too.
If you don't know that we covered that with Snack, go listen to
the Frankish papacy stream that I do with Snack. I think that's what my
note is saying. If I get some of these facts wrong, they'll go
too hard on me because I'm trying to decode college notes that I wrote fifteen
years ago. From the death of Louis the Pious to the breakdown of the
Carolinian Empire, there does not appear to be a major Latin outbreak of heretical
movements. I'm not saying that the Carolinians are Orthodox, They're not. What
I'm saying is that from the vantage point of Latin theology and Catholicism Romanism,
there doesn't appear to be a major outbreak for about one hundred years, so
the Carolinians, and then when they start to decline, you start to see
what this book is talking about as heresies, meaning these resurgent gnostic movements is
what they're talking about. All right, welcome everybody, we've got to go
a little crowd here late night nerds to twenty three to twenty three nerds late
at night. Welcome. Thank you for those super chats. You can always
superchat via stream labs. In the show description, I'll get to those in
a minute. Death penalty for heretics. Since the Church, of course,
had penetrated all society, we begin to see the state having penalties for heretical
movements. Now a lot of people think this is oh, this is so
mean and so mean. There's a reason for this because typically speaking, heretical
movements were not just a theological debate. They also represented social revolution, you
see, And that's part of the reason why the states, the various states
would go so hard on heresy is because it would upset the entire social order.
In the authorities of the time, both church and state assumed correctly that
heresy and revolution or rebellion went together because they did so if we begin at
this time period, I don't know if this is ninth or tenth century.
My notes are fail at this point, but right around this time period tenth
century nineteenth century. At Orleans, heretics are first burnt, where the Queen
of Orleans struck out her confessor's i. At Milan the heretics were committed to
the purge excuse me, to the pire, meaning they were burnt. And
at Goslan heretics were hung. So death penalty for heretics is beginning at this
time period. And by the way, in the East it's not unheard of.
There were the tendency like in the Justinian the code of Justinian is that
the church would make a pronouncement, hand them over to the emperor, to
the imperium to make a decision, and sometimes that was banishment, sometimes it
was some other kind of fine, and there were instances of death. So
it's not totally unheard of in the East for there to be such things.
This is a weird one. Uh. Leutard of Vitus, Leutard of Vitus,
tarred of Vitus real Gun. I think this is about tenth century.
Now, this guy thought that bees had entered his peepee, and because the
bees had flown down his p hole in a dream, I'm not joking.
In a dream, the bees told him to leave his wife and go live
in the fields as a hermit. So he, being impelled by the bee
spirits that entered his peepee, he broke into the village church, grabbed the
crucifix and said there were no need to pay ties to the church. He
took that crucifix and started preaching in the fields, and the peasants followed him.
Some of what the prophets and apostles said Leotard proclaimed was useful. However,
it was better to follow leotarda vitas. Leotard, it appeared, had
come in contact with the Boga mills. Now the Boga mills are going to
become important here because the Bogamels are these heretical gnostic ideas that were centered in
the East. So they came from Orthodox lands, perhaps they've been exiled,
and they influenced some of these weirdos like Leotard of Vitus. Leotard also had
donatus ideas in that you were batter off if you committed a form of suicide.
The Donatists were known to fling themselves off of buildings and fall down wells
to induce their own martyrdom. So Leotard, like the Donatus, committed suicide
by throwing himself down a well. He may have had a form of ergotism,
according to leotarda vitas, some kind of like you know, infection or
std. And this was early tenth century. Okay, so my notes are
a little out of worder. But this guy is interesting because the bees possessed
his wee weeze. Heresy in the early tenth century did not last only in
the Diocese of Charlon Sir Marney in Liege. As far as our records show
only those places. Does appear that more than once in any given sight,
it seems to have been snuffed out by the state repressing the possibility of heretics
preaching openly. Extinguishing heretical circles as soon as they were discovered did not allow
them to continue or flourish without having a remnant of proselytizers to continue. The
heresies died out within a few years or within that generation, as soon as
the publicity was done. The heretics were done. After the hanging of the
accursed from the Upper Lorraine in ten fifty one. Silence descends upon all heretical
movements for a good while. That's page thirty one of Malcolm Lambert Twelfth century
Heresies. Now we're moving up to where I originally thought we had started my
notes out of order. I'll try to put these back in order twelfth century
heresies. Early in the twelfth century, heresies began to reappear. The eleventh
century heretics sought flight from the world in the church. Twelfth century heretics now
took on a dogmatic issues themselves and desired changes within the institutional. Latin Roman
Catholic Church preaching gets more aggressive. Heresy arcs use physical force in this period.
One example of this is forgive me snack. I don't know how to
pronounce these things. Allon des letois Allon des Lettois mobilized a peasant force to
rob churches in Brittany. Arnold of Brescia mobilized republican government, a revolutionary republican
government to hold Rome against the pope. Heretics began to care for social concerns
and made the social concerns an intimate part of their New Gospel. As usual,
heretics mobilize the state as a means to control influence and put bishoprics in
the church. As we will see the same type of pattern for Cicero papism,
and by the way, papal o crism is just exactly the same thing.
We see the heretical Byzantine emperors to try to control the church Heterodox iconoclass
emperors. We see it in the West here with the heretics in these cases
trying to get heretical kings to change the church. In the time of the
Reformation, the exact same thing will happen German princes a lie with Luther to
change the church. The incidents prefigured the investiture controversy to come. For example,
the knight Erlin Bald and his brother Landulf, notary of the church at
Milan. Erlin Bald almost ersurped a position in the priesthood as a knight.
He just took it, or he almost did all right. Next famous heretic
of the period, Henry the Monk Henry Mink was a wandering preacher and apostate
monk, and he may have been at some point ordained as a priest.
He entered it looks like I said, Kmart, but I can't read my
note. He entered something to preach some city. I can't tell what city
my note is, but if you look up Henry the monkham sure you can
find it. He entered the city in eleven sixteen and proceeded by two of
his disciples carrying a cross and an iron tipped staff. Proceed he walked in
bearded, barefoot, and wearing poor clothing, so he had like an entourage
basically of weirdos in front of them, carrying in a procession. At first,
he only condemned the sins of the clergy, and so he tried to
make peace with whatever this city is. I can't tell what my notes say.
And he came with an odd dogma that the prostitutes in the city needed
to burn their hair and their clothes if they stood nude before all poor I
can't read what my nose is of it. Anyway, they're supposed to marry
other people. So he thought he could like get them all to shave their
head and stand nude, and then he could like find husbands and wives.
I guess he had a kind of a good idea here, but was a
little bit crazy here, however, Henry the Monk was an anti rat became
a radical anti cleric. He started deciding that there was no need for any
kind of sacraments or priesthood. Only the individual was responsible to God. We'll
hear this in the Reformation, and there was no such a thing as original
sin. And in fact, the Pelagians were correct. It was not necessary
at all to baptized infants. So he crossed up. Infant baptism was a
decision of an individual at an adult age. They're no longer needed to be
any prayers for the dead or any Eucharist. Henry the Monk is a Baptist.
Henry Baptist monk in uh, I don't know what century eleven sixteen,
here's your first So, by the way, if you want to play the
landmark Baptist game and trace everything back here, you could probably do it with
the Henry the Monk. Of course, you don't have to worry about actual
you know, doctrines or you know, you can be anti Trinitarian or whatever.
But at least you can find a guy who had believers baptism. There's
not a lineas really, but I mean, you could find these kind of
weirdos here and there. Peter of Brius, or Peter Debris Debreux, he
is our our major source for this heretic. Peter is another Peter the Venerable.
This is the beginning of the Petro Brucians. The Petro Brucians will be
pre Baptists. Baptists will say, we like the Petro Brucians. So here
here's where we start to get Baptist stuff, not literally, but you know
what I mean. But Peter the Venerable, the the the writer, the
chronicler, wrote the contra Petrobrusians. So he wrote a treatise against these heretics.
He says that this Henry the Monk guy was one of the early founders
of the Petribution sect. They probably only had similar tendencies, and Peter might
not have actually been a member, but regardless of the same ideas. They
didn't believe in having church buildings. They didn't believe in church uh, prayers
for the dead, no masses or eucharists uh. In terms of the Petributions,
Peter Debrew was doctrinally even further than Henry. Peter said the Old Testament
was full of evil, mean stuff, and that it was pagan to venerate
the cross. Here Marcianism, iconoclasm, right back, right back where we
were all right, Enter our first Roman Catholic doctor of the church during this
period, to fight with these guys, Bernard of Claireva. Of course you
probably are familiar with Barnard. I've got Bernard's treatises over here on my shelf.
Bernard of Clavo, famous Roman Catholic mystic, fought against Henry the Monk.
He wrote against him at Toulouse and successfully defeated Henry in his claims on
the Populace in the year eleven forty. In the eleven forties, so Bernard
had a lot of success fighting against this heretic reconvinced the crowd to go back
with him. The church, according to Peter Debrew, the Petributions was a
petro Brushians was a spiritual congregation just of the faithful. So here we go
the invisible church heresy of the Calvinists and the Protestants. Here it is with
this guy, Oh, you dirty institutional church people. We're better than you.
We're the pure people. You're all corrupt, and so we're the true
spiritual congregation. The Henritians, the Henricians, the followers of Henry, not
exactly the same as the Petributions. The Henritians, in agreement rejected all outward
forms of worship, so here they have a noostic iconiclasm the Petributions. Also,
the petro Brucians rejected the Old Testament explicitly, and all the church fathers,
every church tradition, anything like infant Baptist or infant can Union. They
rejected a sacrificial Eucharist, singing in the church, prayers for the dead,
any and they said their simple method of proving this was a literal appeal to
the Gospels, by which they meant they just whatever they read and what they
thought was the immediate meaning disproved all this other stuff. Jesus didn't have prayers
for the dead, Jesus didn't have a church, Jesus doesn't mention church,
but just really low iq peasant type stuff. Basically, however, they oddly
believed that the Eucharist was a transformation, but it had only happened once at
the Last Supper. Okay, whatever did, Christ had no intention of anyone
continuing the Eucharist after after this period, and so ironically no one should do
the Lord's Supper. So this actually anticipates uh the Salvation Army heresy in general
booth if you didn't know, the Budhists Bouthhism of the Salvation Army believe that
you should not have baptism or the Lord's Supper weird. So Peter Debru acts
as a kind of heretic heretical John the Baptist. This is important because Peter
Debrew is the John the Baptist that will prepare the way for the great heretics
of the Middle Ages. The Cathari Catharie will be probably the most important,
outright crazy heretical and most powerful heretical movement of this period. U tan Chalm
of Antwerp. That's a cool name, psych how'd you like to be named?
Tan Chalm of Antwerp rejected all church authorities. He popped up and gathered
a crowd of followers by preaching only to the pedicants, and totally rejected any
need for an institutional church. The institutional church was a brothel the horror of
revelation, and Tanchum said he himself was God. He entered into a symbolic
marriage with a statue of Mary in a bizarre ceremony, and also during this
time people will prepare the way for the rise of Gnosticism. I think we
mentioned Arnold de Brescia, but Arnold A Brescia of the eleven thirties studied under
Peter Abbalard. However, Bernard of Claraveau had Arnold A Brescia condemned. I
think Bernard has Peter Ablard condemned. But at the council sins An eleven forty.
But Arnold befriends Guy, a guy named Guy who was the papal legate
to Bohemia. Pope Eugenius the third invited him to Row to keep watch over
him. But the Pope's involvement in all of these temporal affairs agitated Arnold A
Brescia. Arnold decided that the papacy was corrupt and too involved in temporal politics,
and so he gathered support from Roman citizens and expelled Okay, this is
the guy who had had the republican revolution. He gathers together Roman citizens and
expels the pope and taught that the emperor should receive the crown from the people
and not the pope, because that would be republican, not people. But
this is also interesting because this is where we're starting to see the rise of
republicanism. You see many of these gnostic sects will favor communal living Italian republic,
Renaissance republic, Plato republic, Plato communism in the republic. You see
the tendency here that what pops up here. Arnold's theology led him to an
extreme democratic view of politics. Thus there was no real hierarchy, and Pope
Hadrian the second hunted down Arnold a Bricia and had him killed. Remember a
D'tois that we mentioned earlier. Aon Dutois had gained a peasant following, and
through preaching to all these peasants, had convinced them to oppose all externals in
religion, all buildings, all statues, images icons. He eventually declaimed proclaimed
himself the son of God, and had a scepter formed in the shape of
a why, and called and deemed his followers apostles, prophets, and angels.
The why meant that two thirds belonged to God and one third belonged to
Satan. So he would like carry the staff around and be like, these
are the two thirds that belonged to God and the rest. Because of the
Texan revelation that you know, one third fell one third of the angels.
The Council of Rhymes heard all of his revelations and claims, and they all
laughed. We mentioned, by the way, counts of Rhymes that comes.
I don't there there may have been more than one Council Rhyme, but it's
mentioned in Denzinger is one of the early ones that explicitly teaches absolutely mind simplicity
in the radical sense, which is in Denzinger. By the way, many
of the theologians and scholars present at the Council of Rhymes that laughed at a
Datois actually just said he was insane. But you notice that what's interesting is
that the enthusiasts, these these insane religious characters find it. It seems to
be pretty easy to go out out and just kind of gather and create a
cult, right, But you could easily get burnt for doing this. Right.
So first outbreak of the major heretics that are going to be like a
movement, right, we're going to get to the Cathars. So all of
this has prepped for the real heretics of this period. The Catharie, the
perfect, the pure, some connection with Eastern Boga Mills of Byzantium and the
Balkans had taken place. Nobody exactly knows. According to Lambert, how the
Bogamill heretics of Byzantium, who were Gnostics who had gone into the Balkans had
some kind of contact with these people in Western Europe. Bernardo Clavo said that
the Kathari had been influenced by three heresies, the Manichean, the Sibelians,
and the Arians. Right now, Manichaeans are the duellists that taught that matter
was evil and it was in some sort of eternal battle with light, light
versus matter or whatever. As we know from my recent lecture, the Sibelians
were modalists. They taught that father, son, and Spirit were just modes
of God, not three distinct persons. And of course we all know that
Arians denied the full deity of the Sun. The first outbreak of the Cathari
Rhineland eleven forty three, a provost tells Bernard of Clervaux that a group of
heretics had organized their own bishopric and Cologne. The provosts told Bernard that they
held to a gnostic no meat, that vegan view, and they had a
laying on a hand ceremony that included secret rights, secret society rights basically,
and then ultimately they decided that marriage was false. Now, remember, if
you read John of Damascus's heresiology, which we mentioned many times, Apolitists many
other church fathers talk about in their heresiologies began groups, the Ebionites, the
Incretites, the Pythagoreans, all mentioned by John Damascus as vegan heretics. What's
popping up again here, vegan heretics connected to their gnosticism. Now, why
would there be a connection between veganism and gnoscissism. Why, it's quite easy.
Let me explain to you. If you don't believe in Genesis, or
if you believe that Genesis is an evil god, what does the evil god
of Genesis tell Noah you can eat meat? What did he tell Adam and
Eve you can have marriage? So if the Old Testament God is the evil,
mean God, and he's the one that said eat meat and get married,
thus the reasoning of the Gnostics and the cathari There you go. But
now, by the way, I had a great video that I did on
the movie I Had The Devil, which has kind of a history. It's
like Eyes Watch Shut thirty years before Eywatch Shut. It has hash Donald Pleasance
as the gnostic Luciferian priest, literally a Luciferian priest, and it's it's what's
Roman Polanski. Sharon Tate as her it's her first role, and she plays
a witch, a Luciferian witch, and basically there's this ancient gnostic pagan cult
that owns the entire city and castle out in France somewhere. Great movie.
If you're looking for an older esoteric Eyes Watch Shut Colt movie, go watch
Eye of the Devil. Of course, once that I put that, that
was one of my best videos, one hundred thousand views right away, and
of course it gets deleted taken down. It was awesome. I still have
the video, by the way, but I was drawing from all of this
research that I've done on the kathari And by the way, I know that
the kathar Eye in the actual history didn't do human sacrifice, but I'm not
convinced that that's the Kathariye story. I'm not convinced that they weren't doing that.
We don't know what all they were up to. I mean, they're
a secret society. They invent a counter hierarchy. That's what's weird about this
group is that they don't they don't do like the peasant thing like most of
the weirdos at this time period of you know, the bees flying in their
pepe and then their runner through the fields. These guys actually set up an
altered church, like a counter church. Interesting. Now, let's get back
to the Bogomils. So they are the ones that influence the cathari We don't
exactly know how, but in the tenth century the Boga mills were present in
Bulgarian villages. Some Bulgarian village priest had come up with an idea of dualism,
a right good force, good God versus evil force evil God. This
dualistic notion had spread to Constantinople. They came to the conclusion that everything that
is physically perceived or seen is itself evil. It's identified with evil. Satan
is the one who created the flesh itself. The initiates of this sect therefore
believed a severe asceticism to punish the flesh. Okay, that's all the sort
of the basics that Lambert mentions of the Boggabills. Now, the heretics over
in Cologne had claimed that theirs alone, this new rising Cathari movement, theirs
alone is the true church. The heretics thought that the life of apostolic poverty
itself is what gave them the moral high ground over the institutional papal succession Church
Cathari. Now, some of the Colone heretics said that no priests of the
Church or valid or are validly ordained, For they said, the apostolic office
has been corrupted through the involvement in secular affairs. He who sits in the
chair of Peter therefore lost Peter's power to ordain, which was bestowed upon Peter
himself. Because the Apostolics he does not have this power. The archbishops and
bishops who led worldly lodge within the Church could not therefore receive from Peter the
power to ordain anyone. Hence they just rehashed donatism. Infant baptism therefore was
not only not necessary, it wasn't biblical. There was no revelation about the
afterlife and therefore no purgatory. There was no need for any kind of penance,
and Egbert the benedicting abbot of Schoenau. Eventually it was influenced by some
of these heretics and found, excuse me, he went in to study with
these heretics to see what they were saying, and found out that some of
them believed in a docetic christology right dosiatism, that Jesus wasn't really human,
his death was a phantasm et cetera. Some of them had imbibed the Platonic
Platonic doctrine of the transmigration of souls and the creation of matter in this world
by an evil God. Are you noticing a pattern here? It's always the
same thing, Marcianism, gnosticism, evil, Old Testament God. Always it's
the same that never fails. Now, why would why aren't the heretics more
creative every now and then they get created would come up with something a little
weird. But why do they always tend to the same ideas because it's the
same spirit motivating them obviously, I mean, it's like they don't even know
that the exact same heresy existed. In the second century, the Aeronaeus wrote
against hopefully I'm not talking into it. We got two hundred and sixty six
welcome, almost up to three hundred in this late night stream. Welcome everybody
if you want to support we got a couple of fat superchats there. I
appreciate that, but glad to see everybody here tonight. You can do your
super chats via stream labs and I will come to those here in a minute.
This is a little slow going. My notes are hard to read,
but hopefully this is fun and weird information. So Eckbert the Benedictine is milling
about amongst these guys. He's infiltrated the weirdos and he has found out that
they've got these gnostic views. Ecbert believed the heresy to have an international character.
This is interesting, so it's almost like he's conspiracy theorizing that maybe there
is an international movement. I think that's what. My notes are a little
smeared, so it's kind of hard for me to see see that spilled coffee
on this, So some of the words are smeared. But he says in
Flanders they were called the aphiles, in France, the taxallant, the weavers.
In Germany they were called the pure ones. And so oh, I
see so uh, so Egbert, because of this network of this that has
popped up, of these heretics in these different cities and countries with the same
names and the same ideas. He's beginning to suspect that this is a larger
movement. I see, so Egbert, the Benedictine starts to preach sermons against
the heretics. They were I can't read what that says, but they they.
Oh. Egbert attempted to refute them by exposing them to the dogmatic assumptions
and bases upon which the entire heresy arrested. Egbert referred to much of their
views as simply a repeat of Manicheanism, and therefore Manicheanism was refuted, so
was their entire heresy. All right, thank you for those super chats.
In eleven sixty five a conference was held a local synod at our conference I
don't know if sent on or compet at Lombert's castle outside of Alba in southern
France. The Kathari there had a formidable standing. Local heretical leaders, who
were known as the good Men, debated openly their opponents before a distinguished gathering
of scholars, nobles, heretics, priests, etc. The institutional Roman Catholics
had to restrict the citations to proof texts from the New Testament, since the
heretics would only accept any kind of argument approved from the New Testament, so
which I guess makes sense. That's where they win. The battleground was the
New Testament. These early kathara I argued that the true bishops and kings must
live as Saint Paul described, or they are not valid at all. The
normative Roman Catholic the institutional Roman Catholics, tried to get them to debate anything
about dogmatic issues like the Trinity or whatever, but the cathari would only talk
about the moral precepts. They refused to swear to any oaths. Again,
a lot of this as Baptists. You'll see that's repeated by it later Baptists.
And when the Roman Catholics achieved the upper hand in the debate, the
heretics would feign or pretend that they were Orthodox. However, they would not
take any oaths. So they would just like change the world and oh,
okay, we'll find we believe that, but they would just reinterpret it to
mean something else. Eleven sixty seven, in the village of Saint Felix,
the International and International Conference of Duellists takes place, and this allows for the
achievement of a better structure for Catharism. So they actually have this kind of
their own little synod here at a village, and this aids the growth of
Catherism the Kathari at this fake Cathari council made up plans to send out missionaries,
and then they did. They send out missionaries. Cathari reached Lombardy and
established a hold there before eleven sixty seven. By sending missionaries from northern France.
The movements I think lay in its ethical appeal to peasants and layfolk.
They preached poverty, self sacrifice and strict chastity come and this converted people more
easily than when they revealed their false doctrines. Interesting, so they did this
kind of classic cult trick where you do all this do goodery stuff and talk
about how do oh look how or goody goody, and then lay oh,
but by the way, we secretly teach blah blah blah crazy stuff. Right,
this is a classic cult tactic. So within roughly two decades from the
first appearance of the Boga mills at Cologne, the Cathari had disseminated themselves from
Rome to the Pyrene to to the Italian Peninsula. So the cathari had quite
a bit of success. Well, Denzil. Now again keep in mind what
is allowing the proliferation of this stupid heresy the corruption of the existing institutional church.
Of course, if the institutional church were not so ridiculously corrupt, which
obviously was, and even the saints quote unquote in the Romancolic Church of this
time would admit all that they would preach against the corruption. You see that
heresy and schism and sins such as that becomes scourges for the existing clergy an
existing church. Heresy is a scourge and a punishment, a tastisement from God
on the church. Valdai Waldo. Here comes the next of the favorites of
the Baptists, the Waldensians. The Waldensians are a late health century can't read
my note movement. Their focus was the institutional Church's hierarchy. Their movements spread
to Italy at the time of Poe Lucius the Third in Italy and Languadoc heretics
had a had eventually achieved total freedom, So the laws of those states had
then had now allowed free reign of these guys, the Waldensians. Excuse me,
Peter Waldo, I think it's Peter Walder, But Waldo, where's Waldo.
Waldo decided, as a rich businessman that he would commit to poverty.
There we go, That's why he was able. So he does this big
thing where oh, I'm going to give away all my business. Well,
I'm going to become poor. He then translates these scriptures into the vernacular and
begins translating the Church fathers. He desired to become a wandering preacher, and
the initial conflict became his dispute with local church leaders over orders or the right
to go and publicly preach. The institutional church appealed to the pope and sent
representatives to the Third Latter in Sonata in eleven seventy nine. They were found
to be inadequate to preach, and Pope Alexander the Third welcomed their evangelical councils
but told them not to preach the Gospel or doctrine theology publicly. Waldo was
willing to accept Orthodox statements and be submissive. However, eventually in time he
fell into schism and began preaching because he felt cold to do it by reading
scripture. Now, notice, in the Orthodox East, this is not a
problem because the Orthodox East has always held to vernacular scripture. So even though
this guy probably isn't exactly right and what he's doing, at least does have
a correct idea that why are we not putting the the liturgy into the language
of the people. The Church has always put the liturgy into the language of
the people. The entire Orthodox East does this. This is stupid. The
Humiliati new movement here at the same time in Italy a movement of radical radicals
called the Humiliati. It's like the opposite of the Illuminati. The Humiliati in
northern Italy believed in the evangelical councils by that that just means to renounce the
monastic type of valves, right to renounce ownership, marriage, these kinds of
things, poverty, chastity, obedience, they were, But they decided that
also all oaths should be rejected. They desired to preach, and once again
Alexander the third denied the request of these people. However, they decided again
that they were they were called to preach directly by God, and so they
fell under the papal Ban. The Pope Lucius the third writes a bull called
ad Ablindam in the eleven eighties, and it calls for cooperation with Emperor Frederick
Barbosa in the first attempt to deal with these heresies on an international scale.
So by now all these different little crazy groups had gotten so annoying and had
popped up everywhere. It's now called the attention of Rome. So Lucius the
third he said, all right, we got to do something, and he
calls for aid of the Emperor. Now this is unfortunately there's a big smudge
here of coffee, and some of these notes I can't see, so I'll
try to make it out as best I can. So they The way that
decided to deal with the heretics was first to send out train theologians to go
and visit the parish parishes and re educate and teach, basically catechize the people.
People that were recalcultrant and would not listen after periods of catechistus or preaching
from different religious orders and monks would then be handed over to the state to
see to receive some form of state punishment. This proved difficult in the places
where the state leaders had already begun tolerating heresy. The paper bull was still
sent out and propagated as an ideal, and so interrogation was to be done
at this time by some experienced trained theologian. The bull reorganized the episcopal something
I can't read it, but it offered no solution to the recognition and classification
of heresy. Though many were named and anathematized, it didn't offer a way
to solve it. The papal bull anathematized the Paterines, the cathari, the
Humiliaate, and the Arnoldists. The only distinction made for heretics was those who
preached licit and illicit and those who openly preached heresy. Next movement, another
one pops up, the Speronists. A layman by the name of in Lombardy
by the name of Speroni was a jurist. Between eleven seventy seven and eleven
eighty five, he fomented a movement against the Church lasted about fifty years.
Sparoni came up with some extreme tenants. Number one the rejection of all in
every church authority. Number two, there is no priesthood. Number three,
Baptism and the Eucharis were stupid inventions of the church. Number four, all
formal acts of worship were de facto idolatrous since the since all followers of Speroni
had already achieved a perfect union with the Word, so notice antinomianism radical justification
by belief of alone is already beginning to pop up. They held to an
interior baptism of the Spirit that wasn't in any way necessary in terms of water
baptism. The only thing that mattered was the inner sanctification of the believer by
the Spirit, and so therefore there was no original sin, and all men
were already predestined or elect no matter what they did. So here it comes
a radical predestinarianism. The elect the elect always remained elect no matter what they
did. There could never be any change to that. So this was weird
because they were Palladians, but they had a strict double predestination view. The
Sparonist Sparonimi Sparoni twelve six Dominican Dominic Dominicans. You've probably heard of them.
Thomas Aquinas Dominic and his prior Diego of Ossona decide to live in poverty like
the cathari So I will we'll give Dominics some credit here because rather than trying
to force or persuade the Catharie with burning up the steak. He's like,
all right, I'm gonna go live like these guys so that they don't have
any moral bogus moral claim high ground. So he pledges poverty, cha chasting,
and obedience and establishes a house in Provil for women and girls that were
rescued from the crazy Cathori. In twelve sixteen or twelve seventeen, he received
recognition from Pope Innocent the Third, and he is, you know, obviously
this is where the Dominican friars come from. The Dominicans eventually grow into an
international order and well international in the West, and they become known for debating
and confronting heretics. They are of course the most philosophical and theological, eventually
producing Aquinas et cetera. Their task was the confutation and reputation of Heresing.
Five years earlier, Francis of a Cci had been something I can't read my
notes there, but Francis apparently had thought that a pro creation emphasis on creation
worldview would perhaps be the answer to the Catharized gnosticism. So if you know
about you know Francis's of you know, brothers Moon, Sister, Sister,
moon brother's son or whatever. It's a reaction to, you know, these
kinds of extremes. Later in four and Pope Innocent the Third the active I
can't read my note. Their participation of Innocent the Third left a body of
case law and precedent for the litigation and debate to deal with. In other
words, basically litigation case all canon law under Innocent the Third allowed set a
good press and for how to deal with heretics. Is what my note is
trying to say. In twelve oh seven, Innocent the Third decrees that all
the goods of heretics should be confiscated and their homes destroyed. Later and four
contains a dogmatic statement against the Catharite to this effect. By the way,
how does that job with Vatican two? Heretics should have their property property confiscated
and their homes destroyed. Vatican two says there's no heretics. Freedom of religion,
Bro, could you imagine imagine trying to smush freedom of religion into Innocent
the Third. What did Joe? This is why the deeper that you go
into Roumtholicism, just the prima fosia absurdity of Vatican two. It's just ludicrous.
Want me to believe that God in this century was ordaining that the church
burn heretics, confiscate their property, destroy their homes. And now he's decided
that we all need to have a CC gatherings where we pray with all the
religions. I mean, give me a freaking break, dude, give me
a break. Latter and four contains these dogmatic statements against Kathari Joakim. If
you are we already mentioned Joakim, That's where my notes were out of out
of order. But Yoakam Ifior is also condemned at the latter in four because
Joachim Ifior attacked the trinitarian views of Peter Lombard's sentences. Right around the same
time, A Mari of Beve I don't know what that is. I can't
say that. Yet another heretic condemned for his views that derived from John Scotus
a Regina. He developed the idea that everything was evolving to become spirit.
So literally Tahard to chard in Tahardism, already present in Amalri of BEVEI Wow
Honorious the Third succeeds Pope Innocent the Third and was less resolved, less resolved
and less original, but still dealt with heresy. Honorius the third made the
same, made sure anti made sure anti heretical legislation was part of secular code
of law. Emperor Frederick the Second made such laws part of his imperial legislation.
Burning was now the punishment for the recalcitrant heretic, that is, the
one who has been preached to, catechized warned. If they keep doing it,
then you go to the stake bro The major innovation, however, comes
with Pope Gregory the Ninth. Pope Gregory resorts to special agents equipped with full
powers directly from the papacy, to hunt down the heretics. In twelve thirty
one, he issues the general Commission to something I can't read it smudged of
Regensburg. I almost feel like I'm reading ancient documents because they're frazzled and smudged,
you know, and it's just my own notes from fifteen years ago.
The episcopal local inquisition was then established at this time, Thus was born the
papal inquisition. Unlike bishops, the direct emissaries of Gregory the Ninth had the
power directly from the Pope, and they didn't need the authority of any local
bishop. Their job was that they were tasked with the suppression of heresy.
Usually this mission was fulfilled by Dominicans. Thus the Inquisition now pay attention because
every idiot in the world thinks they know about the Inquisition. Ninety nine percent
of people don't actually know the history of the Inquisition. And Malcolm Lambert is
not unfair, Like he's a balanced, just scholar. I think he's some
kind of Anglican guy. But regardless, he's a historian and he's not unfair.
He doesn't like he's not after the papacy. He's trying to vindicate here,
it's he's just trying to give a historical analysis the Inquisition. So the
way this begins is that the inquisitors went out and they would register and log
people suspected of going out and preaching the mistakes and these weird views. Now
it's not just anybody who has the wrong idea go to the to the flames.
That's not true. What they were doing was looking for the people fomenting
the social revolution. So basically they were like co Intel or somebody like,
like, they're trying to find the agitators and the revolutionaries. The idea was
that the Inquisition could be eventually tasked with becoming an international and it is now
at this point an international body, usually Dominicans, which could link up with
other orders to get information everywhere to prevent the escape of heretics from being discovered
and found out. So what would happen was if the Inquisition came and the
heretics, usually a Thori, found out about this, they would just try
to flee to another city. But the reason that they wanted to link up
with other orders in other places was so that they couldn't do that and get
away. They couldn't be refuge heretical refugees. The Inquisition was thus the heir
to a body of legislation that reached back to add what was that people document?
You know, the one on heresies? Right? My notes are most
I can't see it. There was thus a trend now that both the civil
and the ecclesiastical law and powers tended towards an inquisitional rather than an accusatorial procedure.
Now this is interesting because this will be the lobby don't even know this,
but this will influence later Western legal theory. Did you know the Inquisition
influences Western legal theory, and not entirely in a bad way. That's because
prior to this there was actually less There were less rights for people accused because
a king could just come in and say, I deem you a heretic,
I'm burning your ass. The Church stepped in to the credit of the Western
Church at this time and said, this is not right. We need trials.
There are rights that the accused have, so rather than just an accusation
procedure, there should be a kind of catechisis and a kind of ecclesiastical barrier
buffer between people and just some king coming in and saying, I'm burning everybody.
Did you know that most people don't know that. That was actually part
of why the Inquisition came to be. In twelve fifty two, Innocent the
Fourth decides that that torture could be used in the case of certain heretics so
that they might spill the beans on the other heretics and their plans. This
was because this was under the aegis of the faultership of or a faulter of
heretics a supporter of heretics. Faltership of heresy was thus a grave crime and
an obstruction of what the inquisitor was trying to do, and thus you could
be labeled as a falter. The place of uncertainty about the use of force
against heresy that had, oh, that was a popular debate in the eleven
the twelfth century was now at an end. So even in the eleven the
twelfth century, it's inentrit that that there's debates about whether the state or force
could be used against heretics. Now by this time it's there's no question about
it. This forced the heretics to go underground and to become quite literally conspiratorial
and a secret society. This is what Lambert says. And it's that the
third always stressed, however, that the connections between the failure of the clergy
were the real reasons for the emergence of heresy, and this that the third
is correct. You just heard me say that. Now we return to Catharism
again, the main heresy. Now we've seen how they arose, but we
haven't really focused on them. Catharism was the most powerful heresy of the thirteenth
century. Without question, the Cathariyes stimulated the development of the Inquisition. It's
actually the cathori that brought about the reason for Inquisition. The Cathari were most
strongly established in Italy and Languidoc. They were the perfecti, the perfect excuse
me, amongst the Cathari. Their leadership were the perfecti, that is,
the elite of the Cathari. The elite, these inner circle of secret leaders
had obtained the right of what they called the consola mintum. The consolamentum was
a ritual that they had borrowed from Bogomilism, the Bogomils and this right to
call God the Father is given. It's given to you in this right.
In other words, a separate prayer called the teleoesis gave one full remission of
sins. So the Cathari are like an alternate clergy. And that's what's interesting.
They're like a Gnostic sect with secret hierofonts or something, and they're kind
of like like a Satanic sect or something like a Masonic sector anyway, but
they believe that they could remit sins through these different rights and prayers. The
Cathari worldview, this is interesting. After the fall of Adam, the angel
who formed the soul of man, left his spirit behind in heaven and thus
in the ritual of the consolamentum, the spirit and soul of man were reunited,
and the soul would then pass out of the domain of Satan. Almost
sounds like scientology, like you're trapped in your ears, Theatans have got you
trapped or something. I don't know. But to attain to this secret rite
was an arduous task. You must be approved by the other Perfecti after one
year of a probationary period. During this probationary period, you could eat no
meat, no milk, no eggs, no cheese, vegans. You had
to spend then three days a week on bread and water only, but you
could eat fish. You could never have sex, because sexuality is part of
Satan's creation. After one year, the initiate must then adhere to an even
stricter ascetic practice, and every month a time of confession is allowed for any
minor offenses. If you had a single breach of the code eating an egg,
any sex, murder once more involved a person in Satan's creation, and
thus lost you the entire consolamentum ritual. Later, because hardly anybody could live
up to this retarded nonsense, a reconciliation ritual was made up, but it
was It was a heavy penance, So if you wanted to undergo the reconciliation
ritual, it was going to be an even crazier penance. If a perfect
I ever fell, it brought into doubt all of the initiates that he had
consoled or had undergone his consolamentum. So like crazy level donatism here, right,
Yet this harsh way of life was somehow itself attractive to a lot of
simple peasant people. And this false piety, this false externalism, because it
contrasted with the worldliness of the institutional church clergy. This is what convinced people,
This is why it had an appeal. But remember what Paul says.
It's just literally a repeat of everything Paul says in Colossians, Right, heretics
are going to tell you to deny meats, to deny eggs, this kind
of stupid stuff. And if you do that, you're somehow higher and more
gnostic. Literally all refuted and discolostionis the only way to be saved was through
the consolamentum ritual. The black robe that they wore, their thin, pale,
gaunt appearance is what marked the Perfecti. So they had an appearance of
you know, like, look how pious we are. We're so you know,
thin and pale, and we don't meet. The believers adored these Perfecti
as if they were angels on earth. This whole religious system is quite obviously
it's nothing but pure hypocrisy and pride. The perfect I blessed and broke bread
at their services, and they would even pray the our Father. However,
only the Perfecti were allowed to say that our Father. Social context of this
heresing the various towns where they had come to have power and authority had perfect
eye houses. The houses were either men or women. You had to keep
them separate. They performed the consolelamentum ritual, which eventually eventually it copies the
right of extreme unction in the Latin Church. Extreme unction the right given to
dying believers. In twelve hundred, virtually all the entire population of Lac had
had gone over to hear perfect I. They more or less converted and combiac
the curate. The Roman Catholic curate complained that he had lost all but four
of his parishioners to the Cathari in Karaman, Lanta and Verfael. By twelve
fifteen, hardly anyone died without the right of the consolamentum of the perfect I.
So now entire cities, villages, bishops are complaining that the whole church
is converted to this stupid heresy. Adherence to the adherence to this heresy in
many villages and places and towns simply became normal, understood Christianity. That's what
people thought Christianity was. Now, just like when you grow up in America,
grow up Baptists, you think that's what Christianity. Jordan of Saxony.
Jordan of Saxony, a famous or a lesser known Dominican, complained how daughters
were given over to the perfect ie, to the perfect ee women homes like
they had their like their own version of nunneries, basically convents. And thus
because the peasants were giving their daughters over to the perfect ied convents, this
was just leading more and more people into heresity. Do you see the patterns
of history? That's why this is so important and so fascinating, is that
these patterns repeat how many? I mean, everything Paul refutes in the New
Testament, it just pops up again as a repeat. The female perfective the
profect I had an almost egalitarian status for women. Interesting women and men were
basically no different. The Cathari had an intricate system of how they ran their
cult. Traveling merchants would make contacts. Public businesses were thus casual meeting places
and signs would be made known secret signs and symbols. Things were drawn on
houses to let people know what were Cathari safe houses. So if you were
a secret Cathari, you had to have secret churches, and they put little
whatever their secret codes were. The Cathari taught that the institutional Church, the
Roman institutional Church, was Satan's Church well, and by extension, any of
the other Orthodox Church as well. The initiates and believers weren't immediately introduced to
the more gnostic esoteric doctrines. Shocker. The Catharie cast doubts on the validity
of anything that the institutional Church taught, particularly their materialistic mass. So the
Roman Catholic Mass, the liturgy was materialistic and therefore for profane uninitiated. The
gnostic Catharaie, however, had secret revelations that would later be revealed to the
initiate as they climbed up the rank, and they were told that this was
equal to the Apostolic teaching quote unquote, Their proof text for this was Matthew
thirteen eleven, which they said was their secret teaching. The evil principle in
the world is equal to the good principle. Both evil and good are co
eternal battling principles. It is the material world, this world, that is
Satan's kingdom. It will never come to an end. Satan will always have
dominance over this eternal physical world. One theory as to the origin of this
in terms of Bogobolism, was a dualist missionary by the name of Nietus Nicetus
was a dualist heretic from Constantinople in the eleven sixties who perhaps brought this dualism
to the West. The basic presupposition of this whole sect and this whole religion
is that body and soul, matter and spirit are utterly incompatible. The origin
of the Cathari myths, so that Kathari actually have their own texts and scriptures
and myths. They use some of the Bible, but they'll reinterpret it.
The Kathari fables, for one, They used scripture, non canonical Christian legends,
Jewish apocalyptic literature, their own imagination, the vision of Isaiah, the
interrogation of John this weird you know, supergraphical texts, gnostic basically texts and
odd texts that purport to explain the fall of Satan. Okay, the Interrogation
of John is an odd text that purports to explain a non some weird thing.
The fall of Satan has taken on the form of a serpent to have
sex with Eve through his tail. So here we get like babbling in Talmud
type stories, right, Kabbalistic stories. The Perfecti amongst the Cathari could alter
and mix up these tales to make them sound really cool and appealing and use
them. Basically, they could alter them and use them as needed. Radical
Cathari, there were even radicals amongst them. The radical Cathari were extremely deterministic.
The fall was an act of free will. Excuse me, the fall
was not an act of free will, but was in fact intended to happen,
and in their myth, their myth is one of a Satanic conquest,
whatever that means. The perfect I had vernacular translations, that they would take
these texts put them into the vernacular. That was part of the reason why
they had success was they could whoever could read would read these texts and maybe
they couldn't read Latin. The Kathariye sympathizer would be awarded a reincarnate body higher
in the scale of being. If you came over to the kathari they would
say, well, you know, follow us, you'll get a higher body.
The true affinities of the kathari were with far Eastern asthetics, in other
words, like far Eastern religions Hindu type asthetics. So there was you can
see the parallels with like Hinduism here. Obviously the vegetarian, vegan type of
stuff. Morality here is replaced not with right and wrong ten commandments, but
with severe bodily asceticism. The Catharide denied the divinity of Christ shocker right.
Obviously all these ethics, theory, son, and spirit are subordinate entities to
the Father. Nor was he fully human. His humanity could not be fully
human because Satan created the flesh and humanity. There were two gods and there
were two creations. This was in fact another religion altogether, So basically a
gnostic mythos using certain Bible texts and other texts to have a totally other religion.
Because we're enjoying this, I'll read a couple of super chats. Since
you know, I've been doing this for about an hour forty are we Hopefully
we're not lagging too bad? All right, we got an hour ago.
Now, Bill says, do you or David know enough about the Assyrians to
steal men and refute them? Yeah? I think we do know pretty well
the Assyrian Nestorian view. I mean, I've read Nestorias, I've read significant
sections of Saint Cyril. I don't think it would be too hard to do
that. I think we can eventually deal with that. I think Gerald Norris
one hundred dollars. Wow, I'd never read all this stuff myself. Keep
going, well, it is a five or six hundred page, mega tiny
print book. So that's why I'm doing this, is that most people are
not going to read this, and so well, you're getting graduate level stuff
for pennies on the dollar. So thank you very much, Joel Norris.
I'm honored that you would give me that much. I appreciate it atala five
dollars. I love your work. You've greatly helped my faith. I'd be
with you from Lebanon. Hope you weren't in Beirut, but thank you for
that. Searching three dollars. I'm searching for my faith in Orthodoxy as an
atheist. I was just brought bought an Orthodox study by Well Nihilism from your
reading lists. Awesome. What would be the next two to get? Well,
if you're coming from the atheist realm, you probably have issue with like
apologetic type stuff, so maybe get an Ultimate Proof by doctor Jason Lyle,
that would be a good one to start out. And maybe God's Revelation to
the Human Heart by Father surfrom Rose. That's a good compliment to the Nihilism
book. A non says for five dollars. I was born in Cullingrad formerly
Kunisburg, and my family moved to America. I was raised a mix of
Russian American culture, the only religious traditions. I can't read these really long
super chats, so I'm sorry they fall off the page, so I don't
know what the rest of it is. But sorry about that. Anon.
If you're asking about which one to choose, go Orthodox? How's that?
James donates ten dollars. Thank you, James, much appreciated. Are you
aware twenty dollars? What do you make of historical figures who are types of
the Antichrist? Opposed to international usury, Napoleon, etc. Is it possible.
I don't really think usury is the determining factor of Antichrist. I mean,
there's nothing about that in any of the texts to deal with Antichrist.
Now, will Antichrist engage in usury? Probably, but that's not really a
defining for Go watch my video on Antichrist. I did a whole forty five
minute talk on that. That's what I would recommend. But thank you for
that superchat. Sorry, I can't read all it. Remember guys that it
needs to keep the super chat to about a sentence, you know, one
long sentence. That's all that shows up on the screen. And I can't
go open up stream labs to read the entire comments because it's too many windows
open at once. It slows the whole computer computer down because I'm running YouTube
streaming and I'm running stream labs at once. All Right, we've gone almost
two hours. I'm gonna do a little bit more because I'm souped up,
I got energy, I'm having fun. We've got almost three hundred people.
Who else is telling you in depth six hundred page books on the history of
Catholicism? Who else is doing that for you. By the way, this
is a half and half. I'm not going to read six hundred page books
and summarizing them for you without you guys helping me out and supporting me.
You're getting graduate level stuff for pennies on the dollar. So subscribe at Jay's
analysis to the member section if you want the full analysis we've done. I
mean, this is a big book we've only dented. I mean this is
like literally probably one hundred pages of notes, So I don't think we're going
to get this in one in one big talk. I mean, this is
probably a This is probably going to take two or three different installments to finish
this book, but it'll be unique because nobody else is doing this kind of
a in depth type of thing. The fall of Cathism came from internal dissensions.
As usual, heretical groups and movements collapse from within because they're all impelled
by ego and lunatics and demons. Some took radical dualist views, and then
some of them turned around and took monus views. Excuse me, not mons
semi dualist views. Excuse me, but dualism can easily flip over Pnewmanism.
By the way, the Major Cathari. The Major cathar book was called the
Book of Two Principles. There's a shocker. It shows the Italian Cathari we're
beginning to feel the weight of the Catholic apologetic of the time. So they
were having to constantly deal with the Catholic apologetic. They were getting beaten over
time, and so the Kathari attempted to adopt and they took on many Catholic
elements. So originally it's this really radical thing, but now they're kind of
blending a little more. They're kind of watering it down a little more because
they're having trouble with the apologetic arguments innocent. The third launches a crusade on
the Cathari. It's called Albagensian crusade. It scatters the Gatharai at first,
and many of the Perfecta ended up being killed. Between twelve twenty nine and
twelve thirty seven, many prominent families in Tuluse were persecuted. The Council of
Toulouse in twelve thirty nine set all principles based on ad Ablindaan the anti hereticbole
for supervising the deviations to Catholic dogma. The first commissions of Gregory the Night
to the Dominicans came in twelve thirty three. They were the same. They
were some of the most formidable statements of repression. They weren't immediately successful,
however, they were drowned out. Excuse me. The heretics were driven out
of Toulouse for a time in twelve thirty five. The mechanism for repressing heresy
became more efficient over time. The tide begins to turn with a guy named
Peter of Saila. Peter of Saila was an inquisitor and a companion of dominic
The fear of punishment did end up causing many of many of the heretics to
avail themselves of what is called a time of grace. So they kind of
did this thing where they would send the Dominican or the inquisitor out and they
would say, here's katechisus. Come to the katechisus, get taught, will
sit in debate, refute your heresies. Then you get a time of grace
three months six months a year. If you keep preaching your heresy, then
you go to trial. That's how it worked, basically, I mean they
would vury that model. A party of inquisitors had been, in fact and
killed by nobles in one of the arguments. Interesting, so I'm assuming that
note means that even some of the nobles had kind of converted over to heretical
views. Now the cathari will, you know, they're like, they're not
done. They're gonna eventually get entire damn castles that they own. It's crazy.
I'm gonna have a little piece of candy so I can stay awakened.
Summation of Catharism. The appeal to scripture was made easier by the vernacular translations
of Scripture. The true foundation, however, was in far Eastern religions and
their ascetic teachings, Gnosticism and the fakiers of China and India. Catherism was
influenced by fakiers in China and India. Catherism truly is the heir to Bogomilism.
It was an upset. I don't know what that note means. It
has an upset sacramental life in exchange for a lifetime of sacramental living in favor
of one right of supreme Oh, I see Catherism upsets sacramental life. In
other words, this is interesting. Your whole life becomes preparation for this one
right of consolamentum. So rather than you know, weekly mass or weekly confession,
your entire life is preparing you for these lunatic hierarchs in this crazy cult
to give you this weird ritual that will unite your spirit to your soul or
whatever for you from the body in Satan. It almost sounds like Heaven's Gate
type of stuff, right, Like, didn't Marshall apple White say that when
the aliens come, you're gonna leave your body and your body's evil. He
has some kind of weird like this, dude. The Kathari replaced Christian reality
with compulsory extreme asceticism. Sin is purely a metaphysical state of being and not
an act of the will or a violation of moral law. Nope, that's
a huge difference. It eliminated redemption by denying the incarnation of Christ and his
crucifixion in favor of a subordination of the Spirit and the Son to the Father,
and was radically dualistic. Catholicism is therefore an extreme Christian heresy and ultimately
a different religion altogether. The dramatic fall of Catholicism from a major threat to
the church in the thirteenth century, early thirteenth century, to a persecuted minority,
to the full on disappearance by the fourteenth century. It arrived in eleven
forty. Well, I don't know what that note means, but basically,
oh, having arrived in the eleven forties with the bogamill influence and the Nicetus
of Constantinople influence. The historical writers about the sect of Nicetus are and some
of Alessandria and some random dude from Lombardy both attach significance to the visit of
Nicetus to bring these Eastern cult ideas. We're not talking about Eastern Orthodox So
basically, and some excuse me, Nicetus of Constantinople appears to have been some
kind of bishop, a bishop, bishop called Nus of constant and noble.
I don't think he was the Bishop of Constantinople, arst bishop whatever. He
was some guy from constant noble called the bishop of Bishop Nistus who had been
influenced by far Eastern Fakir dualistic philosophy, probably Chinese Indian philosophy. He brings
that at the same time as Bogamalism comes over to Western Europe. That's the
point here. Bishop Nicetus taught that the existing church order is faulty. Nicissus
ordained his own monks UH, and one of those monks becomes the first Katharai
bishop of Italy. He claimed that only he had the valid consolamentum that had
come from the far East. Patricius of Bulgaria came and doubted the validity of
Nicetus and his orders. So here the heretics are friending amongst themselves because the
because the Eastern cathari UH, one by one guy named Simon, gave the
consolamentum to Nicetus. In other words, Nicetus's lineage of this made up consolamentum
right was invalid because the guy that gave it to him had lapsed. That's
what I'm trying to say. From this, factions and divisions rose. We're
describing the fall of Catherism, because so they fought amongst themselves and they basically
just collapsed. Two parties formed. One of those was led by a guy
named Judaeus, who succeeded Mark one of the cathari and the and the rival
sect was Peter of Florence at Mossie, a council was held to unify Cathari,
so the Cathari have their own council at Mosci, Italy. The the
Kathari chose a head bishop named Geratus, who was prepared to go on to
go on a long journey to Bulgaria to search to find the true Consola consolamentum
ritual. Just as the collection was being made for his journey, he was
discovered to be in reprehensible circumstances having sex with a woman, and that was
not allowable for Kathari. So I guess we can send that guy to find
the true ritual. So the attempt at unity the Kathari council ended up in
an orgy by their leader and the whole thing collapsed. Others were sent to
find valid consolamentum rituals and failed. Bulgaria was supposed to be a stronghold of
Bogoboism, and so the Cathari did not generally. I can't read my note
there, That's why they were going to Bulgaria. Catholicism, however, did
not typically contain Antiinomian teachings. This was the view of the Massallians right.
The testimony of the Inquisition shows that the Cathari were not in fact Antinomian,
but did have a strict code so to speak, not that they necessarily kept
it. As we said, their major book was the Book of Two Principles.
Yet eventually the Kathari began to feel the pressure of the Catholic apologetic the
Catholic polemicists. Polemicist forced the Kathari to think more about their dualism and whether
it was coherent. For the Catharid their dualism had actually previously been kind of
in the background of their theology. Through the Catholic apologetic and argumentation, they
more and more forced the Cathori to deal with the implications of their strict dualism.
One of the one of the theologians came to this conclusion, John of
Luggio, and this was another indicator in their collapse. Was one of their
major theologians, I guess was having problems with this innocent the third The crusade
against the Cathars did appear to be effective, first in Languadoc and then in
Italy. In twelve twenty five, they held a council at Prius to set
up a new diocese. Between twelve twenty nine thirty and twelve thirty seven,
the backbone of Catholicism had been completely broken into loose due to the surrender of
the pro Cathar count. So the state is propping them up. So notice
this is probably not just a bunch of weirdos. If they had not had
state and princely noble aid, just as Luther will have aid from the German
princes, none of this would even work. Right. So as soon as
the count in this place surrenders up, where do you go? What do
you know? The sect begins to collapse. A council and to loose was
set up, set up a systematized canonical police system to root out heretics based
on the Pope's ad Ablendon bull Gravy, the Ninth Commissions, as we said,
the Dominicans to drive out Cathism. The Dominicans proved very effective at this.
They were driven out to loose by twelve thirty five by the Dominicans,
mainly from twelve forty to twelve forty. This is the turning point. Peter
Sela, the commandon, the companion of dominic and the only I can't read
my notes there, but he was a moderate inquisitor for a wire I see
he at first was a moderate inquisitor. He later achieved much success, and
many people availed themselves of the time of grace because theyed they feared the future
punishment. Oh that's because they would give him a three year period. I
see what I'm saying. So basically twelve forty to twelve forty three was like
the grace period. So they would come and preach, and you had like
one or two or three years of your period of grace before the state would
come and the inquisitor's hand you over to the state. A group of inquisitors
were murdered by Katharai in Auvignon. I can't read my note, it looks
like I says Avignon. This resulted in a siege on the Cathari stronghold or
castle in the Pyrenee. Two hundred Cathars ended up arrested, including the Cathari
bishops of Toulouse and Rose. In twelve forty nine, Count Raymond the second
abandoned his policy of tolerance and now began to persecute. He burned eighty Catharised
suspects in one day, and I can't tell what city agent. His successor,
Alphonse of Poitier was brother to King Louis the ninth and became a hard
handed persecutor of all heretics. The last Cathar was burned at lung Burn in
Languedoc as late as thirteen thirty. From twelve forty three, the writing was
on the wall and Catharism had been rooted out and collapsed. Bernard of co
u c au X interrogated four thou five four hundred and seventy one suspected heretics.
Quera Low q u e r I l o u s was the last
castle stronghold of the Catharie. If you go and look up the Cathari castles
you'll see like seven or eight of them that they had all somehow obtained these
castle strongholds. So they had to have, you know, state elite support
for this. The last of their castles, the many Cathari castles, was
this Quera Low or whatever. Bernard of co had interrogated, However, so
many of them that his sentences or penalties listed. Out of the four hundred
and seventy one, two hundred and seven were sentenced, twenty three were imprisoned,
and the rest were given yellow crosses and other penances, Bernard of Co
had in fact not burned anyone. The records were recalled after a few years
and then so what they would do is they would interrogate, you would have
this penalty that you'd wear a yellow cross for three years as a penance.
And what I'm saying is that people think of inquisitions like just billions of people
being burned, which is all just pure nonsense. In this one example of
Bernard of Co interrogating five four hundred and seventy one persons, two hundred and
seven of them were sentenced as recalcior and heretics. Only twenty three ended up
in jail and the others were given penance and note, and no one was
put to death. So it wasn't as crazy as people make it up to
be. Now there, as we'll see, there's different inquisitions. Okay,
there's papal inquisition, there's earlier state inquisitions that we saw in this these sections,
and their Spanish inquisition. Spanish inquisition is gonna be directly under like Isabella
and stuff, right, Papal inquisition is supposed to be directly under the pope.
So they're not all there's not just everybody doing there's different types of inquisitions,
and eventually there becomes the Holy Office of the Inquisition. Okay, so
these are developments that take a long time. Don't get this stuff confused.
But even still, the entirety of the Inquisition did not murder millions of people.
I think Henry Commons says it was a few thousand. So this is
all exaggeration. And I'm not a Roman Catholic, and I'm gonna be honest
and fair with what the secular scholars say about this stuff. Where Catherism of
the twelve forty twelve forties declined from persecution, the perfect I switched the black
robes for hidden girdles and retreated to the country. Simultaneously, Dominik's House for
abandoned women and abandoned Kathari girls grew popular. Cathar leaders authorized them to then
shed blood, so now they turn into a bloody cult. The indura was
a form of Kathari self imposed suicide. It was consonant with the ancient Greek
gnostic idea of the body being the imprisoning power. By the demi urge Plato,
some Sami bodies the prison bodies of tomb and as a result, the
perfectionist mindset ended up in a suicide cult. There was a revival. Now
we're kind of jumping around in time, not because the notes are out of
place, but he's just kind of looking at the course of it, reflecting
upon it. Pierre Autier in twelve ninety five and his brother Guillaume helped to
evangelize their relatives for Catherism. Pierre ended up captured and burnt in thirteen eleven,
and this was the ultimate final death blow to Catherism. The fall was
due solely to the determined use of the machinery of a few churchmen country Catherism
was a household manifestation of a parachurch organization. The Cathars would only marry other
Cathars at this stage. This doesn't really make any sense because marriage was outlaw.
But the sect can of course change with the times, as sex always
do. And now you can kill, now you can be bloody. Oh,
we were pacifist, now we're revolutionary. Bloody. I guess you can
be married now. The deathbed, the deathbed consolamentum purported to grant full assurance
of salvation, and this was the this is what gave it larger. So
basically you could do whatever you wanted and then just do the deathbed suicide ritual
to achieve salvation. This is just crazy stuff. Another heretic pops up around
this time called I Vote of Narbone. I've always a wandering preacher who fell
in with the Cathars. They he sent missionaries to the Sorbone to destroy Catholicism
from within by gaining an inner knowledge of Catholicism at the university. That's a
weird one, just a random guy that pops up. The murder of inquisitor
Peter Martyr in twelve fifty two was an action of the Kathari because of the
persecution of heretics in Milan. The struggles between Frederick the Second and the Pope
kept the heretics alive. It actually slowed the persecution, so the Pope starts
having problems with Emperor and the Kathari take advantage of this. Milan's heretics were
brought to order at the end of the thirteenth century with Belowne along with Bologne
in thirteen oh nine. The last heretical Cathar bishop lasted listed in Western Europe
was a Cathar bishop of Tuscany in thirteen twenty one, Peter Order, Roman
Catholic saint started up confraternities for the suppression of heretics. Could you imagine this
after Vatican two, a famous Western saint starting up a confraternity for the suppression
of heretics. Catharism, Catholicism revived in this cathar suppressed atmosphere. So by
after a few centuries, Catholicism's on the way out thirteen hundreds, you're now
getting revival of Catholicism. Heresy was squeezed into its ultimate oblivion in this time
period. Heresy in the Roman callis knowledge was expanding in the thirteen the fourteenth
century. At this time. At this time, universities are popping up everywhere,
New medical schools are popping up, and so this is making it more
difficult to kind of deceive, you know, so many peasants at a local
level. The new piety of Francis of Assisi and the emphasis on Christ's human
life also helped kill Catherism in its dualism and gnosticism. This incarnational emphasis of
Francis appears to have helped ideologically. However, as we said, a new
danger was beginning to emerge that we started this talk out with because my notes
are out of order, yochemism, there's going to be a heresy even within
Franciscans. Chapter eight. The Waldensians after Bergamo, after the I can't read
my note. Only the Waldensians continued to survive after this. Out of this
time period, all the other crazy cults that we mentioned, they'll die out.
Only the Waldensians survive from after twelve thirteen up into sixteenth century, so
they make it for a few centuries, then they're out. You're done.
Compared to most of the other medieval heresies, they're really the only one that
had longevity, relatively speaking. They outlasted the persecutions. The Protestants who would
later go and investigate them found them under educated, primitive, and still two
Catholics. So even the Waldensians didn't make it make the Protestant cut because they
Protestants, I guess went and met with them at the time of the Reformation.
The failed Council of Bergamo, the rescript them is the only document that
survives. Council of Bergemow. I guess this is a Waldensian council. I
don't know what that means. There was a great upheaval in the thirteenth and
fourteenth century due to the imperial papal conflicts. So the Pope starts having problems
with his western emperor, and this is leading to civil upheaval the world.
The Waldensians supported Emperor Frederick the Second against the Pope. The Waldensians declared all
Catholic stuff Nolan boyd because of clerical sin. The Waldensians, however, made
quite a bit of headway in Germany. Wealthy families in Strasburg and Augsburg donated
heavy sums of money to the Waldenians, which helped them going. Germany then
became the base the Waldensian heresing alright, got a couple more super chats.
I'll hit those up, but my voice is starting to crack, even though
we've still got a solid audience of about two hundred and fifty five. I'll
finish up this page, and then it looks like we've got a little more
on the Waldensians, and then we come to Gregory the ninth and John the
twenty second, the famous popes. We will deal with the poor Lombards,
some other weird, random creepy here atics. We will deal with papal disputes
with emperors, inquisition, debates, templars. Uh oh, the free spirit
heresy they sound neat right, what's the free spirit heresy? The spiritualists,
the Great Western Schism, not Eastern Orthodox Schism, the Great Western Schism,
fraud Dolcino, Fraud Dolcino, and much much more. And then we'll come
up to guess who's after all that? John Wickliffe. Now we're starting to
get into that pre Reformation stuff. I don't know how much of that will
be in Part two because we've still got a lot of notes on this book.
We've only covered maybe maybe one third of the notes, so again,
this will probably be multiple talks. I'm going to close it out here with
this. Passaul Anonymous. Passol Anonymous Dominican of the late thirteenth century and author
of a compilation Debating with Jews Heretics Antichrist, which dates from the second half
of the thirteenth century, is what gives us the detailed picture of the Waldensian
worldview. This is twelve sixty six AD. Passau Anonymous gives an account of
the Inquisition of forty two Waldensians. Passaul says that they had no hierarchy amongst
them They believe that all of their members could preach, even the children.
Even kids can preach. Ten sites are outlined as Waldensian schools, so they
had set up ten different places where they had schools. They will be very
similar to the coming fifteenth century group known as the Lollards. The Waldenians believe
that the words of consecration could be spoken by a lay person or even a
woman, so they believe in women priests. The durability of the movement lay
in the faults of the existing clergy. So once again, the corruption of
the institutional Roman church is what powers and fuels the peasantry buying into Waldensians.
He Malcolm Lambert notes that corruption of the institutional clergy is quite often the case
of the spread of heresy. However, the Waldensians were very superstitious and ignorant.
They believed that all churches that were institutional were harlots, and they claimed
to have and possess outrageous, absurd miracles. So once again every sactistic,
Oh we have crazy miracles. This proves was right. It was mostly It
was mostly however, ignorant peasants. The newly converted were immediately ordained as missionaries
who were sent out to convert as many people to the sect as possible.
They told all these people to immediately become street evangelists, who used all kinds
of tactics, tricks, and methods to get people to come to their Bible
studies, which were held in secret. They stressed the vernacular reading of the
Bible, the simple interpretation of the text here is Protestant stuff, and their
overall theology was basically fundamentalist and donatists. Anything that had been done by a
sinful preacher, priest, or cleric or bishop was invalid, and the Bible
should just be read by this people. In some cases they actually would murder
hierarchical clerics. The Romancalolic prelates. Other notable heresies that Passault anonymous. The
Dominican found within the the Wealdenzians was that they do not believe in any icons
or images. They do not believe in any relics. Pilgrimages should not be
done, no one should take an oath. There was no after death journey
or purgatory. They had a pure literalism when they read simple Bible, simple
Bible texts. That's his take. I'm not saying purgatory in the Romancalolic history
anyway. Sorry, that is about the first third of Malcolm Lambert's book summarized.
It was a little bit out of order. Sorry about that. My
notes are My notes are kind of chaotic and archaic. Family plan for five
dollars says double duty day, good job. I mean it doesn't feel like
work for me to sit back and talk about you know, mega scholarly six
hundred page tomes. That's not work for me. That's enjoyable. And you
know, joking around and talking with Tristan that was fun. It's enjoyable.
It's leisure to me, bro leisure to me. Funds for five dollars.
It seems the papal schism was an explosion of heresy in the West. Absolutely,
it might be God hardening the heart. Aj do you mean the papal
heart. I'm not sure, but yeah, I think that these are manifestations,
not totally but partly due to problems within the West in terms of their
theology. Now, there can always be corrupt clergy. I'm not saying that.
I mean there's plenty of corrupt clergy throughout the East, and Bogomilism and
the heretic Nicetus these are gnostics who do come from the East. Sure,
no denying that. But there's something fundamentally wrong here, you know, in
the papal situation, as we're going to continue to see. I believe the
solution to that problem is in the bad theology, absolutely divind simplicity, Philly
Oquay rejecting Nicia two, which is what the Carolinians do, which were covered
with snack. That's the root of what's going on here in the West and
the rise and the innovations and changes that nobody denies anymore unless you're like a
know nothing online pop Roman Catholic apologists. The Vatican and its apologists and theologians
have recognized a marked change between the operations of the Church in the first eight
nine tenth century and what begins to change with the rise of the people monarchy
afterwards. Exactly Ecclesiology is effected on the basis of theology, not the other
way around. So you know, that's what's going on here. But we're
not really here too, you know, we're not here to lecture on assote
my simplicity. We're looking at the you know, the scholarly approach to these
largely unknown centric A lot of people don't even know anything about this time period.
It's really fascinating, crazy, wild stuff. You know. That was
really into this book when I read it years ago. So enlightening stuff for
sure. Thank you guys, hope you enjoyed it. Probably the next day
or two I'll do the second half, and depending on how far I get
in the notes in the second half, I'll determine whether there will be another
one. So thank you for joining to me. Be sure to share this
if you would give me that like