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This is the second part of a
two part episode. In part one,

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I discussed the earliest mentions of the
devil, both in the Old and New

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Testament of the Christian Bible, as
well as ancient Jewish literature and the Intertestamental

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period, and some ancient sources of
inspiration that helped mold the devil into the

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archfiend of the Christian God. In
part two, I'll be discussing evil entities

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and concepts and other cultures, the
many names associated with the devil and their

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origins, the many descriptions of this
entity and his infamy and pop culture,

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and the conclusions we can draw from
the research devils some folks. One sees

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more devils than a vast hell can
hold theseus Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream.

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I've mentioned several contributing cultures to the
Roland persona of the Devil already, the

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biggest of which was Persia. Zoroastrianism
and Babylonian mythology not only influenced Jewish writers.

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Many stories found in the Bible are
straight up retellings of older myths.

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Mesopotamia is the epic of Gilgamesh,
introduced fantastical entities such as Humbaba, a

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figure of terror that guarded the Cedar
forest, which the hero Gilgamesh had to

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overcome. Ahuramazda fought against the forces
of Ahriman, the opposer in an eternal

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struggle of good versus evil. In
Zoroastrianism, Marduke fought the goddess Tiamat,

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who had given birth to dragons,
snakes, beasts, and ogres in the

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Babylonian Enuma Eleish. Besides being pitted
against the head of the Babylonian pantheon,

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Tiamat bore a son called Kingu,
whom she wanted to rule all other gods.

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He was the general of her army, who rebelled against Marduke, but

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fell to Marduke's hand, just as
his mother had. With the blood of

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this malicious god and some clay,
Marduke molded the first human, an act

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that could arguably be the beginning of
original sin and the spark of evil within

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everyone. Thenceforth. All these had
a hand in shaping the devil in later

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Christian theology. But what was going
on in other parts of the world.

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If evil existed and threatened humanity,
Surely it wasn't just in the ancient Near

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East. Let's take a trip around
the world and see who else was running

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amuck, although we'll be getting off
to a slow start as we stay relatively

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close by heading a bit south to
those wild Egyptians. Egyptian mythology is rich

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in characters, settings, stories,
and traditions. With its portrayals and modern

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culture like the nineteen ninety nine cinematic
masterpiece The Mummy starring Brendan Fraser and reach

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Lies, one could easily believe there
is evil everywhere in the mythology and a

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god or two in charge of it
all. The jackal headed Anubis weighing hearts

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and feeding the unworthy to the monster
Ahmet is surely evocative of something malevolent.

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But I'm going to save you some
time here. It wasn't. This pair

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was impartial judgment personified a god who
was coldly indifferent to mortals and a chimeric

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rubbish bin just waiting to snack on
rotten souls. Just two judgy boys doing

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their jobs. In fact, that
job was to annihilate evil souls, So

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fair play to the Egyptians. They
really shamalan to that one. A closer

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representation of evil would have been a
pappus aka apep the giant serpent who was

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the immortal enemy of the sun god
Raw. Every night he tried to stop

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Raw's journey in his sunboat by devouring
or giving it a hypnotic stare, and

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every night Raw his entourage would defeat
him. Apophis was considered the embodiment of

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chaos, and so linked the concept
of isfet. Isfet was for all intents

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and purposes, evil in that it
was the opposite of ma At, or

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truth and order. When Anubis weighed
the hearts of mortals, the hearts were

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placed on a scale with a feather
of maat. Hearts heavier than the feather

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got tossed into ahm It's jaws,
and the equal weighed hearts got the soul

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into the worthy afterlife. Egyptians believed
mat and is fet could not exist without

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each other, and though one's duty
was to rise above is fet, there

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still had to be harmony in the
universe with both concepts. If anything bad

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happened, it was is fet overcoming
Maat for the time being, but the

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universe would always ebb and flow to
bring the two back in harmony. Is

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Fet could be violence, but could
also be a failed Nile flood, a

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disease, or a lego on the
floor when you're barefoot. Apophus was sometimes

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considered the embodiment of Isfet, but
mainly in the sense that he opposed Raw's

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light in order. He was primarily
a deity of the afterlife, and thus

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had little to no dealings with living
mortals, which brings us to another deity,

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perhaps the one that popped into your
head when we arrived in Egypt,

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Set, god of deserts, storms, violence, and foreign oppressors. Set

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was an enigmatic deity as complex as
his portrayals, and by that I mean

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what the hell kind of animal head
does he have? Is it an ardvark?

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Is it a wild dog? Is
it a penis with eyes and chopsticks

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for ears? Nobody knows. Man. He came to be known for killing

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and mutilating his own brother Osiris,
living alone in the desert, and helping

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foreign invaders conquer Egypt. He was
depicted with red skin and the color red

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in general, a color Egyptians associated
with fire and destruction, and another string

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on the corkboard to the devil,
and his fight against Osirius's son Horace became

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a legendary depiction of good versus evil, although it was really more Shakespearean revenge

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against a usurper. However, he
is not the archfiend Droid we're looking for,

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as he was also depicted helping raw
fight off apupphists from time to time,

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and was worshiped as patron god of
many cities and pharaohs due to his

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military power and blessings. Some depictions
can elicit fear and all, perhaps even

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distrust and enmity, but he's far
too complex to be called the main force

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of evil. In Egyptian mythology,
they did have demonic entities, although the

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term demonic now carries many Christian connotations, but in the dark, lonely fringe

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areas in the desert, in tombs
in caves. Egyptians worried about entities that

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were dangerous and carried names like He
of the Repulsive Face and He who lives

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on excrement. Transfigured spirits called Aku
and malicious spirits variously known as Keftu,

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Jay and Moot could mess with mortals
physically and mentally, but had no leader

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directing them. So evil for the
Egyptians was in a cosmic balance, with

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good manifesting here and there and within
various entities, but it was a necessary

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part of life. It also helped
keep people safe, as they knew to

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stay away from the dark, dangerous
spots which were scattered all throughout the Middle

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East, spots where other cultures also
saw evil lurking, not the least of

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which was pre Islamic Arab religion.
If we fast forward a bit to the

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seventh century CE, and entity familiar
to many of you begins to emerge in

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Arabic literature. The beings of Smokeless
Fire Gin are attested in writings during this

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time, and while both the origins
and details of what they were and where

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they came from our murky, we
can at least infer that they were supernatural

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beings, more powerful than humans but
still mortal, and something between man and

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God or man and angel. In
the hierarchy. People worshiped them, which

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has led to the belief that maybe
they were pagan nature deities who became demonized

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by the other Abrahamic religions and possibly
Zoroastrianism. Like the Egyptian spirits I just

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mentioned, Gen were relegated to the
dark, dismal, dangerous places people dared

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not go. They also gained a
reputation for hating mankind, being able to

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shapeshift and turn invisible, causing violence
to people, and even possessing people.

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Of course, there are examples of
gen who were benevolent and protected people,

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and even falling in love with humans, but most people seem to view them

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as capricious at best and violent demons
at worst, living in fear and awe

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of them. The Quran, written
in the seventh century ce mentions Gin twenty

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nine times, explaining their creation and
culture, and how they were made to

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worship Allah just like humans, only
they were made first. Scholars and theologians

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throughout history have hemmed in haut about
Gin, and you can get several different

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pictures of what they are depending on
the source. However, belief that they

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were invisible beings who held enmity towards
humans and could take over a person's body

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has led them to be viewed as
demonic. With the location of the people

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who believed these stories, it has
been postulated that they stemmed from some of

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the malevolent entities mentioned in Part one
with Mesopotamian, Babylonian and Jewish myths,

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but in Islam, there is a
distinction between Gin and demons. Demons fall

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into two basic categories, shayatin or
devils and div or fiends. You can

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really smell the Indo Iranian influence with
that last one, as Zoroastrianism and before

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that, Hinduism used the term deva. Interestingly, the term started out as

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the word for a god or deity, then became an entity not wholly evil,

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but something to be rejected, and
by the time Islam got a hold

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of it, it meant fiend,
deva, diva div what's next, David

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shit? Anyway, Islamic demons definitely
try to lead human kind astray in their

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mission to counter Allah's will, and
are naturally and forever evil beings. A

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couple examples of these types of entities
are the marid, a dumb, rebellious

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giant, and if Fret more cunning
and wicked type of demon, and one

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often depicted in pop culture as being
able to control fire. It makes me

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think of Final Fantasy seven, where
I think you can summon and effreet in

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a spell. With Islam, we
also get centuries of prior Abrahamic pedigree,

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including what we discussed in Part one
with how the figure of the devil became

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an entity unto himself, and the
Koran was written with a fully fledged arch

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fiend called Iblis, who controls the
Shaatine and dives. Taking a huge queue

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from the tale of the Devil's fall
from Grace and Second Enoch, the Koran

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tells of Iblis's arrogance and refusal to
submit to man. Sarah two, verse

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thirty four is of particular interest,
saying, and remember when we said,

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unto the angels, fall prostrate before
Adam, and they fell prostrate, all

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Saint Eblis. He was of the
Gin, so he rebelled against his lord's

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command. Will you choose him and
his seed for your protecting friends instead of

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me? When they are an enemy
into you? Calamitus is the exchange for

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evildoers. In this one verse we
get the act that caused the devil's downfall

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and the fun fact that he was
quote unquote of the Gin, like I

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said. Scholars have argued all through
history on interpretations and versions of Eblis,

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with some saying yes, he was
a Gin, some saying no, he

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was an angel, YadA, YadA. In the angel version, Iblis was

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actually Azazel, a name I brought
up in Part one, and another one

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I'm saving for some fun stuff for
later in this part. Either way,

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he was sentenced to Hell here called
Johannam and specifically Sigen, a prison like

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place of torment at the bottom of
Hell. Save sixteenth eighteen. Iblis said,

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because thou hast thrown me out of
the way, lo I will lie

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and wait for them on thy straight
way. Then will I assault them from

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the fourth and then behind them from
their right and their left. Nor wilt

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thou find in most of gratitude for
thy mercies? God said, get out

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from this disgrace and expel. If
any of them follow thee, hell will

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I fill with you all. The
Quran skillfully ties up the loose ends that

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had frayed and the other Abrahamic religions
by giving the devil motivation right out of

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the gate of sweet succulent revenge.
Then he made a deal with Allah to

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be able to impose his will on
mankind, to which Allah compromised by letting

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him do it to unbelievers only Sarah
fifteen thirty six through forty two. Ibili

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said, Oh, my Lord,
give me then respite till the day the

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dead are raised. God said,
respite is granted thee till the day of

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the time appointed, Ibli said,
Oh, my Lord, because thou hast

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put me in the wrong, I
will make long fair seeming to them on

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the earth, and I will put
them all in the wrong. Accept thy

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servants among them sincere and purified by
thy grace. God said, this way

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of my sincere servants is indeed a
way that leads straight to me. For

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over my servants. No authorities shalt
thou have, except such as put themselves

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in the wrong and follow thee.
Having said all that, there are many

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interpreters and believers of the faith that
take the fact that Allah made Eblis in

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the first place and has a divine
plan that allows for Eblis to act full

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ali ones, because in the end
God and goodness will prevail. In this

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fatalistic sense, the devil is an
instrument of God, and there is a

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lot to answer for from all parties
involved. Sarah thirty five six. Verily

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saving as an enemy to you,
so treat him as an enemy. He

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only invites his adherents that they may
become companions of the blazing fire. Is

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that is that entrapped man. Let's
expand our magnifying glass a bit and start

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heading away from the Middle East.
How about we pop over to Greece and

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see what the devil looked like.
There. We'll start underground, as that's

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where Old Scratch eventually ends up.
But way down Hades town the king on

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the chromium throne, as Hades himself, he's not the devil, so let's

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turn back around and go back topside. Hades like the devil held dominion under

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the surface where souls could end up. He was connected with snakes and Hades

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like the devil eventually could lurk around
every corner, but he wasn't the boogeyman.

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The devil became sure people were in
no hurry to come face to face

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with him, but the real fear
they bore was more for the finality of

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death than the fear of being tortured
in fire and anguish. Forever. Far

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from evil, he just had arresting
bitch face, and in fact was more

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interested in keeping balance and judging things
fairly. The Greeks had evil deities,

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but most were all minor gods and
goddesses in charge of specific things. Airis

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was the goddess of discord, Inyo
was the goddess of destruction, Apata was

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the goddess of deceit. You had
Demos and Phobos, gods of Panic and

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terror respectively, also the names of
the moons of Mars. And speaking of

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the moons of Mars, Moros was
the god of doom. Not sure if

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he went on to become God of
Doom two, three or any reboots.

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Actually I know he wasn't the god
of doom two because I was suck it

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cyber demons. So Greece did not
have the devil and was not super instrumental

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in shaping the devil we know personality
wise. Anyway, we'll come back to

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that. One could possibly argue there
are ties with a few similarities I just

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mentioned for Hades, but Greek god
were royal a holes out for themselves,

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as they were made in the image
of the culture that worshiped them. Less

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mythological and more philosophical. Was a
concept put forth by Plato in his Symposium

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of a type of ethereal spirit called
a Theamone. Centuries later, Christian luminaries

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would pick this term up and bastardize
it to denote beings of pure evil who

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worked for the devil and attack humans
in a variety of ways, But the

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original meaning, as imagined by Plato, was that of an unseen intermediary between

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man and the gods, inherently good
and trying to influence man to use reason

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and good judgment. Plato's student Aristotle
expounded on the idea, probably to everyone's

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detriment, by saying there were evil
daimons who incited evil actions in both men

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and gods. You can bet later
Christians loved this idea, as it took

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the heat off both God and men
and put the blame squarely on these evil

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beings. Plato also described the concept
of an absolute, perfect capital g good

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in the Republic, but what he
maybe didn't realize was that the idea also

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implied an absolute evil, which would
have been a bingo for us in our

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quest to track the devil down.
But he didn't say anything about the search

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continues. What do Asian and Polynesian
cultures have for devilry, Well, not

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much actually. The religion of Buddhism
is mostly concerned with how to prevent suffering,

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and evil is born out of the
greed and desire that sometimes arises within

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us. If we take the concept
of evil as just discussed with Plato,

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the implied absolute antithesis of good,
it's not really a concept found in Buddhism.

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For one thing, if you were
to consider someone evil, becomes possible

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to justify committing harm against them,
and that does not fly in Buddhist teaching.

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The Damapata chapter twelve, verse one
sixty five says, Bible it self

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indeed is evil. Dune by oneself
is one to five by oneself is evil

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left undune by oneself indeed is one
purified. Purity and impurity depend on oneself.

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No one purifies another. Evil is
not an outside force in Buddhism.

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Thus there's no need to fear a
devil, at least the outside force version

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of him. A story of a
divine being called Mara describes a time where

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princes said Artha was tempted by three
beautiful women, possibly Mara's daughters. Mara

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is kind of like the personification of
the seven Deadly sins, and his daughters

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were trying to seduce said Artha to
keep him from enlightenment. They were unsuccessful,

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but Mara is often pointed to not
as the devil whereafter, but at

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least as an opponent to the Buddha. There is, however, a hell,

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or more precisely, sixteen hells sixteen
eight hot eight cold. You go

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there according to your karma, but
there is no lord of the underworld to

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stop by and bring you cookies.
From time to time. The cookies are

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spiders. The earthly realm just above
the hells, oddly enough, is the

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Patala Loca or hungry ghost realm,
with beings who perceive the world differently than

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humans and wander around dark, abandoned
places seeking fulfillment. Sounds a little familiar.

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Chinese mythology has some similar concepts about
hell and plenty of monsters, ghosts,

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and goblins, but it's not unlike
Greek mythology, with no devil figure

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heading it all up. Same with
Japanese myth If you ever come across a

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translation of the devil in Japanese with
the word akuma, it comes from a

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malevolent spirit of fire in Japanese folklore. It's used in place of the name

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Satan in Japanese translations of Christianity,
but the actual entity is an evil,

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fiery, sword wielding flying creature who
brings misfortune and can be responsible for mental

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illness. And just in case you're
wondering, Hinduism does not have a devil

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either. There's no need as karma
keeps things balanced. I did find some

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mentions of an entity called Papa Poorisha, who is the embodiment of all sin,

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though I couldn't find an origin for
him. There is also a Khali

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Poorisha, an ugly and malevolent entity
not to be confused with the goddess Kali.

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Legend says Lord Brahma created Kali Purisha
to inspire sin in people, and

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thus he's just doing his job,
which also sounds familiar. As far as

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Oceania and Polynesian cultures, there's no
single entity who is the arch fiend of

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a single benevolent god like we have
in the Abrahamic religions. There's one that's

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closer to the concept of set in
Egyptian mythology, and I'll get to that

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in just a minute. But many
of these cultures consider natural disasters, illness,

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even death to be a type of
evil, just not the devil.

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Someone might consider these things the work
of bad forces or demon of some kind,

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but none of these terms carry the
same meaning that you're probably used to.

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A witch doctor could be consulted to
deal with any demons causing disease,

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or a shaman could help with rituals
to ward off a typhoon, but all

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these things were still natural phenomena or
human ill will that were just a part

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of life. The closest you might
come sounds good on paper, but it's

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really just another character in a pantheon. As I mentioned previously, Feo personification

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of evil. In Maori mythology,
Theoo didn't like the overworld and was jealous

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of his brothers and sisters. He
fought his brother Tana, god of forests

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00:23:10.720 --> 00:23:15.000
and birds, but was defeated and
exiled to the underworld. Legends say he

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is the cause of all evil in
mankind if he's not placated with offerings.

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Again, we see gods made in
man's image, and humans are kind of

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caught in the crossfire. To compare, Christians don't make offerings to the devil

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to keep him satisfied in Mopi in
Hell, but if you had to pin

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evil on a singular entity. In
Polynesian myth Theoo comes closest to the devil

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and seamlessly integrated with the devil when
Christianity spread there. Norse mythology paints a

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similar picture to Greek myth wherein you
find human like gods and trickster figures,

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but no devil as we know him. Loki is an obvious target here,

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being the complex, trickster god of
the Norse pantheon, but any one story

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about him will show that he is
no prince of Hell. Ironically, however,

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he was the father of Hell,
goddess of the underworld and Hellhane,

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and a figure not unlike the Greek
Hades, trolls and Drowger Pepper the tales

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of the Edis and Sagas, But
any mention of the devil in legends comes

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from post christianization of the culture.
Celtic myths have a similar refrain God's made

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in man's image, with bad and
tricky figures capable of help just as much

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as harm Brie Crew of the Poisoned
Tongue is a figure of Irish mythology of

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00:24:37.640 --> 00:24:41.480
the Ulster cycle and was pretty much
a Loky clone. He just liked causing

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00:24:41.519 --> 00:24:47.279
trouble, not rebelling against the ultimate
God and deceiving mankind out of pure,

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00:24:47.440 --> 00:24:52.559
unfiltered hatred. Same with Sirdon of
the Nart Sagas from the North Caucuses of

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Eurasia. These European gods were complex
and held many roles, and not one

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was the ultimate evil. We find
in today's capital d devil over In South

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America, the Olmec, Toltec,
Aztec, Mayan, and Incan cultures had

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plenty of gods and goddesses, but
details are still relatively unknown to us compared

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to European pantheons. Like other cultures, there were gods of the underworld,

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and evil creatures are monsters, but
these were cultures that worshiped the sun,

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agriculture, the sea, in other
words, more practical things. The closest

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00:25:30.039 --> 00:25:33.960
you might come to a devil figure
is that of Kaizen, meaning god of

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00:25:34.039 --> 00:25:38.400
death, and Mayan culture with a
name that derives from the word for fart.

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00:25:40.160 --> 00:25:45.440
He was nicknamed the Stinking One and
had control over earthquakes and delighted in

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00:25:45.480 --> 00:25:52.200
torturing the souls of evil people in
Shibalba, the underworld. Post conquest by

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the Spanish, it was easy to
draw parallels to the Christian devil with this

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00:25:55.759 --> 00:26:00.079
guy, continuing a pattern you're probably
already seeing. The First Nations people of

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00:26:00.079 --> 00:26:04.400
North America were very far away from
a devil figure in their mythology. In

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fact, good versus evil wasn't really
conceptualized the way we've seen in the Abrahamic

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00:26:10.519 --> 00:26:15.680
religions. Native Americans lived in a
kinship with nature, plants, animals,

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landscape. Whether if evil was ever
discussed, it was in terms of what

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a person does or ways to unbalance
that kinship they shared with the natural world.

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Things could be bad. I sure
you have skin walkers, windigoes,

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00:26:29.759 --> 00:26:33.480
and other monstrous beings, but it
was a path of corruption these entities followed

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00:26:33.559 --> 00:26:37.200
or came to on their own,
not the influences of a great, almost

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00:26:37.279 --> 00:26:41.839
all powerful, evil being. And
in the service of brevity, the same

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00:26:41.880 --> 00:26:47.880
can be said for most African mythologies, with a common concept that evil comes

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from humans. So it seems the
world at large has no consensus on evil

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00:26:52.079 --> 00:26:59.119
being encapsulated in one figure. Indeed, just the civilizations in the ancient Near

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00:26:59.160 --> 00:27:03.319
East seem to have come to this
idea. But that's just a taste of

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00:27:03.400 --> 00:27:07.960
world mythologies. Honestly, each culture
could have its own podcast, not just

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an episode, a whole show.
But there's other things for us to get

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to. So let's move on to
what I consider one of the most important

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sections of this episode. The many
names of the devil. Y'all blow Yah

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00:27:38.799 --> 00:27:55.440
blow. The Prince of Darkness is
a gentleman Edgar Shakespeare's King Near Your Eyes

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00:27:56.000 --> 00:28:06.680
may promise Paradise the only Life.
Let's revisit one of the older and most

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00:28:06.720 --> 00:28:11.680
popular names for the devil, Satan. In Part one, I laid out

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how the term was first used in
the Christian Bible and the original meaning of

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00:28:15.880 --> 00:28:22.759
it. Jason from Dragons and Genesis
podcast runs it back for us, So

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00:28:22.240 --> 00:28:29.160
Satan or Shaitan, and I've heard
a few different pronunciations on that one.

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00:28:30.440 --> 00:28:37.519
While while I don't know a great
deal about its presentation in the Quran and

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00:28:37.720 --> 00:28:44.960
other Islamic text because that's not really
my field. From what I understand,

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basically, the Hasaitan of the Hebrew
Bible and the the Shaitan from Islam the

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00:28:53.759 --> 00:29:00.480
basically the different. The main difference
in there is Christianity. The figure continue

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00:29:00.519 --> 00:29:07.359
to develop throughout the early Christian period, and from there it entered into Arabia

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00:29:07.559 --> 00:29:18.839
and became the the Islamic version.
So the Christian Satan is the closer representative

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00:29:18.880 --> 00:29:26.200
of that figure, and that because
essentially Islam was almost it's basically descended from

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00:29:26.400 --> 00:29:32.200
a group of Christians, so you
kind of have that stepping stone, you

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have the Hastatan. Eventually it becomes
the Christian devil, and the end it

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00:29:37.200 --> 00:29:41.359
becomes the Islamic you know, sheitan, so that it's it's a bit closer

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00:29:41.400 --> 00:29:47.359
to what we would think of as
a satan. At least that's my understanding.

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00:29:47.440 --> 00:29:52.559
Like I said, I don't really
study Islam that much, only insofar

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00:29:52.599 --> 00:29:56.960
as it pertains to you know,
like early Christianity and how things kind of

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00:29:57.000 --> 00:30:06.599
spread around. The term comes from
a Hebrew roote relating to opposition or accusation.

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00:30:07.640 --> 00:30:11.920
If you remember, satan or hasatan
was a job title, not a

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00:30:11.960 --> 00:30:18.799
specific being. After the Babylonian exile
and Intertestamental period, writers began fabricating stories

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00:30:18.880 --> 00:30:25.960
using a specific evil entity, and
since the Old Testament had opposers already,

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00:30:26.440 --> 00:30:30.559
they lazily just attached the term to
this brand new villain. The Arabic word

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00:30:30.640 --> 00:30:37.160
Satan was a reinterpretation of the Hebrew
and was used to mean demon or gin

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00:30:37.599 --> 00:30:41.559
and eventually the main opponent of Allah. Once the Bible began to be translated

336
00:30:41.599 --> 00:30:47.319
ad nauseum, the word satan began
popping up everywhere there was a reference to

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00:30:47.359 --> 00:30:52.599
something acting against God. It was
foisted upon the public as a proper name,

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00:30:52.680 --> 00:30:56.359
and once John Milton got a hold
of it in Paradise lost, it

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00:30:56.400 --> 00:31:02.039
was all but sealed as the name
the devil went by. The newly created

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00:31:02.160 --> 00:31:06.119
arch fiend of God in the New
Testament was referred to not only as Satan,

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00:31:06.599 --> 00:31:11.920
but the devil, Beelzebub, Abadon, Belile, Lucifer, Apollyon,

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00:31:11.079 --> 00:31:15.400
and the great Dragon. I'll try
to be quick but thorough with these,

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00:31:15.480 --> 00:31:21.400
and I'll briefly start with the word
devil. The Greek diabolos is where this

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00:31:21.519 --> 00:31:26.240
term started, with a translation of
the term slanderer from the words dia and

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00:31:26.440 --> 00:31:32.240
balaine, which together meant to throw
across. Once it got to Old English,

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00:31:32.279 --> 00:31:41.240
it was deoful and from their devil
it sounds pretty dealful, jeez.

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00:31:41.599 --> 00:31:47.599
It was used in translations wherever the
Hebrew Satan was found. Thus the two

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00:31:47.640 --> 00:32:02.920
became interchangeable, and like Hasitan became
the Satan, Diabolos became the devil Beelzebub.

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00:32:05.240 --> 00:32:08.480
This one is murky, but a
fun kind of murky. Referenced in

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00:32:08.519 --> 00:32:14.279
the Book of Kings, the name
was baal Zebul, a deity worshiped in

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00:32:14.319 --> 00:32:20.079
the Philistine city of Ekron and thought
to be associated with the Canaanite deity Ball.

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00:32:21.359 --> 00:32:25.799
Just the name Ball meant lord,
and Zebull meant heavenly mansion. But

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00:32:25.920 --> 00:32:31.160
scholars think the Israelites referred to this
deity with a derogatory pun with the name

354
00:32:31.359 --> 00:32:37.000
baal Zebub, a term derived from
the word for poop, So instead of

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00:32:37.079 --> 00:32:40.920
Lord of the heavenly mansion, he
became lord of poop. Oh man,

356
00:32:40.960 --> 00:32:45.400
if Michael Flatley was Lord of the
dance, Michael Flatulencely was lord of the

357
00:32:45.480 --> 00:32:52.799
poop. Sorry, anyway, since
there was a strong connection to flies with

358
00:32:52.880 --> 00:33:00.200
poop, he was eventually called Lord
of the flies. Second Kings one two

359
00:33:00.039 --> 00:33:06.000
and a Hasia fell down through a
lattice in his upporchunity that was in Samaria,

360
00:33:06.400 --> 00:33:09.799
and was sick, and he sent
messengers and set unto them go inquire

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00:33:09.880 --> 00:33:15.160
of Baalzebub, the god of e
crime, whether I shall recover of this

362
00:33:15.279 --> 00:33:22.319
disease. It's not exactly painting Beelzebub
in any light here, let alone a

363
00:33:22.359 --> 00:33:27.240
nefarious one. It's not until we
get to the pseudopographical Greek text, the

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00:33:27.319 --> 00:33:30.759
Testament of Solomon, written in the
first or second century CE, that we

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00:33:30.880 --> 00:33:36.920
find baelz Abul has become a prince
of demons who was formerly a high ranking

366
00:33:36.960 --> 00:33:42.119
angel in heaven. Who inspires all
kinds of sin in men. You can

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00:33:42.160 --> 00:33:45.200
clearly see the connection to our fiendish
friend, the devil. Here. The

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00:33:45.240 --> 00:33:51.160
Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and
Luke mentioned Jesus driving out demons by Beelzebub.

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And I still can't wrap my head
around what the hell this means.

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00:33:54.319 --> 00:34:00.279
Matthew twenty five through twenty seven,
and Jesus knew their thoughts, said,

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00:34:00.359 --> 00:34:05.440
unto them, every kingdom divided against
itself is brought to desolation, and every

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00:34:05.440 --> 00:34:09.239
city or house divided against itself shall
not stand. And if Satan cast out

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00:34:09.280 --> 00:34:15.039
Satan, he is divided against himself, how shall then his kingdom stand?

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00:34:15.639 --> 00:34:20.480
And if by Beelzebub I cast out
demons by whom do your children cast the

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00:34:20.599 --> 00:34:27.159
mountain, therefore they shall be your
judges. Clear's mud. Jason hits us

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00:34:27.159 --> 00:34:32.079
with some more details. So originally
it wasn't bill Zibub, it was baal

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00:34:32.239 --> 00:34:38.880
Zebul, And what that meant was
lord of the manor. It was essentially

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00:34:38.920 --> 00:34:45.760
a title for a Canaanite deity,
and it basically meant the lord of the

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00:34:45.880 --> 00:34:51.519
heavenly Palace. And the way their
beliefs worked, they had this great mountain

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00:34:51.559 --> 00:34:58.719
called Mount Zaphon, which was in
western Syria, and this mountain called Mount

381
00:34:58.880 --> 00:35:04.960
Zaphon, which would later they would
later change the location of it to far

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00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:08.800
to the south, right outside Jerusalem, and the name would eventually become Mount

383
00:35:08.920 --> 00:35:14.039
Zion. But in its oldest version
it was called Mount Zephon, and it

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00:35:14.079 --> 00:35:17.599
was farther to the north, and
atop it was said to be this great

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00:35:17.760 --> 00:35:23.119
garden, and inside it was a
tent and then later a palace, and

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00:35:23.280 --> 00:35:30.320
this is where the gods lived.
And the lord of this palace had the

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00:35:30.440 --> 00:35:36.760
nickname Balsa Bull, and this meant
the lord of the manor, So this

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00:35:36.840 --> 00:35:40.119
was the one who kind of ruled
this godly palace, you know, is

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00:35:40.199 --> 00:35:46.559
basically just saying man of the house. And this was the Canaanite god Bald

390
00:35:47.639 --> 00:35:53.639
also called a DoD or Hadad,
and this was a green god associated with

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00:35:53.960 --> 00:35:59.639
fertility, not like human fertility,
but like fertility of the land. So

392
00:36:00.719 --> 00:36:01.960
you know, if you wanted your
crops to grow, if you wanted your

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00:36:02.039 --> 00:36:07.559
nation to prosper, this is the
god you would make sacrifice too. And

394
00:36:07.280 --> 00:36:12.760
one of his nicknames is the Lord
of the Manor or the Lord of Heaven.

395
00:36:13.440 --> 00:36:20.800
And this bals Zabul later on the
Jews. They would they would sort

396
00:36:20.800 --> 00:36:25.519
of insult him and also his priests. And one of the things that they

397
00:36:25.559 --> 00:36:30.880
did was they sort of made this
pun. They would say, instead of

398
00:36:30.119 --> 00:36:36.079
baal Zebul, lord of the manor, they would say baal Zebub, which

399
00:36:36.119 --> 00:36:43.320
meant the lord of flies. And
scholar's best guess is that they were essentially

400
00:36:43.440 --> 00:36:52.559
saying that their their deity Ball was
a pile of animal excrement and his priests

401
00:36:52.639 --> 00:36:59.679
were the flies buzzing around him.
And this is actually where you get the

402
00:36:59.719 --> 00:37:04.480
book title Lord of the Flies.
It's a reference to that, and so

403
00:37:04.519 --> 00:37:12.280
that that's where this name balls Abub
or bills a bub comes from. It's

404
00:37:12.320 --> 00:37:16.840
a play on the nickname Lord of
the manner. They've changed it to lord

405
00:37:16.880 --> 00:37:25.760
of the flies. And this deity
Ball would basically become a sort of villain

406
00:37:25.880 --> 00:37:30.599
for Yahweh. And this happens all
the way back in the Jewish Bible.

407
00:37:30.440 --> 00:37:37.480
The priests of Yahweh and the priests
of Ball were seemingly in conflict. The

408
00:37:37.519 --> 00:37:43.119
exact nature of this is uncertain,
as the only the only literature we have

409
00:37:43.320 --> 00:37:49.719
on it comes from the Yawistic side, you know, which is hardly going

410
00:37:49.760 --> 00:37:53.320
to be unbiased. We don't really
have anything from the opposite side, and

411
00:37:53.400 --> 00:38:00.199
we certainly don't have anything as impartial. But there was this this conflict between

412
00:38:00.400 --> 00:38:07.920
these different groups of worshippers, and
what they frequently do is they take all

413
00:38:07.960 --> 00:38:14.679
of the different bad traits, whether
it's from the deity itself or even just

414
00:38:14.840 --> 00:38:20.280
human behavior, and they attribute it
to this other God. And so,

415
00:38:21.679 --> 00:38:27.599
you know, ball worshippers they commit
adultery, they worship idols, they commit

416
00:38:27.719 --> 00:38:32.679
human sacrifice, all sorts of wicked
heathen things. Of course, these were

417
00:38:32.760 --> 00:38:39.199
things that everyone did, and they
also depict them as all being foreigners.

418
00:38:39.639 --> 00:38:45.159
It was all these evil foreigners that
did this. But then there's a few

419
00:38:45.159 --> 00:38:49.559
times in the Bible where they slip
up and they talk about how they're doing

420
00:38:49.599 --> 00:38:53.199
it or their ancestors are doing it, and they should stop doing it.

421
00:38:53.599 --> 00:38:59.039
And so it looks like they used
to, you know, they used to

422
00:38:59.039 --> 00:39:02.719
engage in these practice and then they
stopped doing it. And then when they

423
00:39:02.719 --> 00:39:06.800
were retelling the story, you still
like, oh, make sure you change

424
00:39:06.840 --> 00:39:10.519
that line to say that it was
those you know, the evil Moabites and

425
00:39:10.719 --> 00:39:16.199
Canaanites that did that. No,
don't say it was Grandpa the Kurds that

426
00:39:16.360 --> 00:39:22.920
it was the impetus for a massive
brexitus. I think, yeah, yeah,

427
00:39:22.960 --> 00:39:27.239
so uh so, yeah, that's
that's basically what it is. They're

428
00:39:27.280 --> 00:39:30.840
they're taking this god who wasn't an
evil deity. He was the patron deity

429
00:39:30.039 --> 00:39:36.639
of the land, and they're recasting
him as a villain, and every chance

430
00:39:36.679 --> 00:39:39.719
they get there, they're basically saying, oh, look, everything evil.

431
00:39:39.800 --> 00:39:45.800
Yeah, it's because of that old
god. And since one of his symbols

432
00:39:45.880 --> 00:39:51.119
was a bull, which was,
you know, a symbol of a lot

433
00:39:51.159 --> 00:39:54.639
of ancient deities, including el and
yahweh, because it's a symbol of strength.

434
00:39:54.920 --> 00:39:59.719
I mean, like there are a
few things out there on land that

435
00:39:59.760 --> 00:40:02.559
are stronger than an angry bull,
you know. I mean, like just

436
00:40:02.639 --> 00:40:07.920
go out to a yellowstone and look
at a bison. That's frightening. Okay,

437
00:40:07.960 --> 00:40:10.639
I'd rather face a bear, So, you know, I mean,

438
00:40:10.679 --> 00:40:16.039
these things, it's it's like if
you know, a locomotive ate grass and

439
00:40:16.079 --> 00:40:21.000
then occasionally just attacked people, you
know, So yeah, they're they're they're

440
00:40:21.039 --> 00:40:27.119
scary. And so this was a
symbol of these different deities, you know,

441
00:40:27.119 --> 00:40:29.920
and a lot of them had this, you know, as a sort

442
00:40:29.960 --> 00:40:35.360
of symbol and these were symbols that
you know, uh decorated the Jerusalem Temple,

443
00:40:35.599 --> 00:40:38.519
you know, our descriptions that we
find talk about, you know,

444
00:40:38.639 --> 00:40:45.840
all the different statues of bulls that
were there, so that this was accepted

445
00:40:45.039 --> 00:40:49.960
iconography. But eventually they start to
get away from that and they say,

446
00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:52.679
okay, well, no, no, the only gods that are depicted by

447
00:40:52.760 --> 00:40:55.679
bulls are those evil gods like bald, you know, and he's just a

448
00:40:55.800 --> 00:41:04.519
steaming pile of bull crap buzzing with
priestly flies. And then later on they're

449
00:41:04.519 --> 00:41:10.280
like, oh, baal, he's
full of corruption and excrement and debt Satan.

450
00:41:12.280 --> 00:41:15.360
And so by the time you had
a like with early Christianity, they're

451
00:41:15.480 --> 00:41:21.280
they're taking these different things like bal
and Leviathan and stuff like that, and

452
00:41:21.320 --> 00:41:27.719
they're just rolling them all into one
thing. And it's basically anything they don't

453
00:41:27.800 --> 00:41:36.920
like gets categorized as being a trait
of Satan. Abadon and Apollon. These

454
00:41:37.000 --> 00:41:40.599
names are connected in that Abadon comes
from the Hebrew word for destruction, and

455
00:41:40.639 --> 00:41:46.639
Apollon comes from the Greek translation of
Abadon and means destroyer. Though the term

456
00:41:46.719 --> 00:41:52.920
was not used as a name in
classical Greek texts the Hebrew Bible portrays Abadon

457
00:41:53.119 --> 00:41:59.679
is just destruction or a place of
destruction, often interpreted as where the dead

458
00:42:00.039 --> 00:42:05.239
bide not to be outdone, and
taking a concept and repurposing it. The

459
00:42:05.320 --> 00:42:12.440
New Testament renders Abadon and Apollyon and
entity Revelation nine eleven. And they had

460
00:42:12.440 --> 00:42:15.840
a king over those, which is
the Angel of the bottomless pit, whose

461
00:42:15.920 --> 00:42:19.599
name in the Hebrew tongue is Abadon, but in the Greek tongue hath his

462
00:42:19.719 --> 00:42:24.800
name Apollion. None of these are
directly saying this is another name for the

463
00:42:24.840 --> 00:42:30.840
devil. The best you can get
is Angel of the abyss. I found

464
00:42:30.880 --> 00:42:36.440
several sources saying The apocryphal gnostic text
Acts of Thomas, written in the early

465
00:42:36.480 --> 00:42:40.239
third century CE, states Abadon is
the name of a demon or the devil.

466
00:42:40.679 --> 00:42:45.880
But I searched through several translations of
that text and saw not one mention

467
00:42:46.039 --> 00:42:52.159
of Abadon being the devil. There
was one single mention in one version that

468
00:42:52.360 --> 00:42:58.719
said to you, I speak offspring
of Gehenna, and Abadon. Gehenna was

469
00:42:58.760 --> 00:43:02.079
a real place said to be cursed
and was a figurative equivalent for Hell.

470
00:43:02.480 --> 00:43:07.599
And as mentioned, Abadon was a
bottomless pit. This passage is speaking to

471
00:43:07.760 --> 00:43:15.960
beings from those places, not literal
children of an entity Belile. This is

472
00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:20.719
a peculiar one, as the origin
is murky, and many scholars have disagreed

473
00:43:20.760 --> 00:43:24.119
as to the meaning of the word, appearing twenty seven times in the Hebrew

474
00:43:24.159 --> 00:43:30.320
Bible. It's been translated as either
worthless, yokeless as in throwing off the

475
00:43:30.440 --> 00:43:37.159
yoke of heaven, never to rise
as in never to do well sedition,

476
00:43:37.880 --> 00:43:43.960
and a land from which there is
no return. There's definitely a negative connotation

477
00:43:44.039 --> 00:43:49.719
with all these, but it's a
wide array of possibilities. Deuteronomy thirteen thirteen

478
00:43:49.840 --> 00:43:53.280
states, certain men, the children
of Belial are gone out from among you,

479
00:43:53.599 --> 00:43:57.760
and have withdrawn the inhabitants of their
city, saying let us go and

480
00:43:57.800 --> 00:44:02.960
serve other gods which ye have not
known. In this sense it becomes idolaters,

481
00:44:04.400 --> 00:44:09.039
and the term sons of or children
of was a Semitic idiom, basically

482
00:44:09.079 --> 00:44:15.000
meaning those who do this. Some
scholars believe it was a purposeful corruption of

483
00:44:15.039 --> 00:44:21.000
the name of a Babylonian goddess,
Belily. It's also been argued the opposite

484
00:44:21.039 --> 00:44:24.280
is true, that Babylon borrowed the
name from Jewish writings, but it seems

485
00:44:24.360 --> 00:44:32.280
like consensus lies with the former thought. Belile and the Aramaic pronunciation of Beliar

486
00:44:32.920 --> 00:44:37.239
are found quite a bit in the
Dead Sea Scrolls, where it is a

487
00:44:37.280 --> 00:44:42.880
singular entity in charge of the sons
of darkness, or those who didn't think

488
00:44:42.920 --> 00:44:46.559
the same way the Essenes did at
the time. One scroll says, you

489
00:44:46.639 --> 00:44:52.559
made Belile for the pit angel of
enmity in darkness is his domain. His

490
00:44:52.639 --> 00:44:57.239
counsel is to bring about wickedness and
guilt. All the spirits of his lot

491
00:44:57.280 --> 00:45:01.639
are angels of destruction. They walk
in the law of darkness towards it goes

492
00:45:01.679 --> 00:45:08.159
their only desire. Other fragments equate
Belial as an angel against God and in

493
00:45:08.320 --> 00:45:13.639
one the angel of darkness. In
another he is named the king of evil

494
00:45:13.679 --> 00:45:19.119
and Prince of darkness. Several other
apocryphal texts relate the word as a name

495
00:45:19.159 --> 00:45:23.559
for the devil. It occurs once
in the New Testament Second Corinthians six fifteen.

496
00:45:24.119 --> 00:45:29.559
And what concord hath Christ with Belial
or what part hath he that believeth

497
00:45:29.599 --> 00:45:35.320
with an infidel? Once again,
it seems we have a term that started

498
00:45:35.360 --> 00:45:40.599
as an idea or adjective that after
the intertestamental period became just another name for

499
00:45:40.679 --> 00:45:47.400
a villain, the Great Red Dragon. Red dragons are the most covetous and

500
00:45:47.519 --> 00:45:52.119
greedy of all dragons, forever seeking
to increase their treasure hoards. They are

501
00:45:52.159 --> 00:45:59.519
obsessed with their wealth and memorize an
inventory accurate to the last copper. Oh

502
00:45:59.559 --> 00:46:04.960
sorry, I accidentally picked up my
D and D Monster manual. The devil

503
00:46:05.119 --> 00:46:08.320
has been linked to a dragon motif
since the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew

504
00:46:08.320 --> 00:46:15.440
Bible, and likely reflect Mesopotamian and
Canaanite legends before that. You you still

505
00:46:15.440 --> 00:46:21.920
sort of have this idea though,
of the Leviathan, and it gets you

506
00:46:21.960 --> 00:46:27.800
know, downgraded to just being a
created animal, and people begin blaming the

507
00:46:27.920 --> 00:46:32.000
Leviathan for different things like floods.
So if you have a flood or any

508
00:46:32.079 --> 00:46:37.159
kind of destruction by water, a
tidal wave, rex as ship or something

509
00:46:37.199 --> 00:46:43.239
like that, well that was Leviathan
stirring in the deep. And so you

510
00:46:43.320 --> 00:46:47.519
now have you, along with a
Satan angel testing people, you also have

511
00:46:47.599 --> 00:46:54.480
this underwater sea dragon that is causing
destruction. And so any sort of like

512
00:46:54.559 --> 00:46:59.840
torrential rains or anything like that can
be laid at the feet or the fe

513
00:47:00.320 --> 00:47:05.000
of this water dragon, so you
have another scapegoat, you have another source

514
00:47:05.079 --> 00:47:13.079
for calamity, and so the dragon
motif gets wrapped up into the ideas of

515
00:47:13.400 --> 00:47:20.320
this sort of this cosmic destroyer,
and that's where you get the idea of

516
00:47:20.559 --> 00:47:25.159
chaos and fire and stuff like that
being wrapped up. In the Book of

517
00:47:25.199 --> 00:47:31.159
Revelation, Satan is frequently referred to
as a dragon. This comes from the

518
00:47:31.199 --> 00:47:36.159
Book of Daniel, which is referring
all the way back to the stories of

519
00:47:36.239 --> 00:47:43.960
Leviathan, the great fire breathing whale, crocodile, sea serpent that would live

520
00:47:44.000 --> 00:47:50.159
in the Mediterranean and sink ships.
And so that's where your dragon motif comes

521
00:47:50.280 --> 00:47:54.360
from. So anytime you see Satan
being referenced as a dragon or a serpent,

522
00:47:55.039 --> 00:48:01.800
it's taking the story of Leviathan and
recasting it as this source of darkness,

523
00:48:01.920 --> 00:48:08.039
destruction, and chaos, which just
represents the primordial earth before the gods

524
00:48:08.079 --> 00:48:15.320
came in and separated things and began
organizing the whole creation. A direct naming

525
00:48:15.360 --> 00:48:19.920
of the devil as the Great Dragon
doesn't appear into the Book of Revelation,

526
00:48:20.239 --> 00:48:25.719
written in the late first century CE, Chapter twelve nine says and the Great

527
00:48:25.800 --> 00:48:30.360
Dragon was cast out that old serpent, called the devil and Satan, which

528
00:48:30.440 --> 00:48:35.400
deceiveth the whole world. He was
cast out onto the earth, and his

529
00:48:35.480 --> 00:48:40.599
angels were cast out with him.
And in chapter twenty two, and he

530
00:48:40.719 --> 00:48:45.159
laid hold on the dragon, that
old serpent, which is the devil in

531
00:48:45.239 --> 00:48:52.159
Satan, and bound him a thousand
years. The simple phrase that old serpent

532
00:48:52.519 --> 00:48:58.960
effectively rhet conned centuries of prior understanding
forever afterward. The serpent in the Garden

533
00:48:59.000 --> 00:49:02.559
of Eden thus became synonymous with the
devil. An apologists jumped on the chance

534
00:49:02.920 --> 00:49:14.280
to take some blame away from Yahweh
and mankind. Lucifer. That brings us

535
00:49:14.280 --> 00:49:19.840
to a big one, maybe the
granddaddy of all misinterpretations, Lucifer. Jason

536
00:49:19.960 --> 00:49:25.360
kicks it off for us. The
idea of Lucifer are really the name Lucifer

537
00:49:27.079 --> 00:49:32.480
comes from two different places in the
Hebrew Bible. This is Isaiah chapters fourteen

538
00:49:32.519 --> 00:49:39.239
to twenty and Ezekiel chapter twenty eight. And what it's talking about in these

539
00:49:39.280 --> 00:49:47.559
two places are two different kings.
I think Assyria and Babylon, and I

540
00:49:47.760 --> 00:49:52.800
used to know the actual names of
those kings. So in the case of

541
00:49:52.880 --> 00:50:01.320
Isaiah fourteen to twenty it's Sargon the
second and Ezekiel eight it is King Ifebal

542
00:50:01.440 --> 00:50:07.039
the third, who is the King
of Tire. And what's going on here

543
00:50:07.519 --> 00:50:15.719
is they're they're giving a bunch of
sort of like prophetic imagery concerning these two

544
00:50:15.840 --> 00:50:22.079
kings. And basically what you have
is these kings they've each done something that

545
00:50:22.239 --> 00:50:30.360
has angered the Israelites and by extension, angering their God. And these kings

546
00:50:30.400 --> 00:50:36.760
have failed at something. And so
if someone has failed and you know,

547
00:50:36.760 --> 00:50:40.280
they suffer a defeat, or they
get sick, or they die, you

548
00:50:40.360 --> 00:50:45.719
know, or some sort of calamity
befalls them, then it was thought that

549
00:50:45.760 --> 00:50:51.840
they had done something to anger at
God and within receiving punishment. And so

550
00:50:51.880 --> 00:50:57.400
in this case they're talking about these
two different foreign rulers, and I believe

551
00:50:57.400 --> 00:51:00.000
one of them was supposed to go
and conquer somebody. I don't remember.

552
00:51:00.280 --> 00:51:07.719
Anyway, these two people were being
perceived as being punished for something, and

553
00:51:07.840 --> 00:51:12.000
so they're talked about as if they
were these great, lofty kings who have

554
00:51:12.079 --> 00:51:17.760
been cast down. And essentially they
were too prideful, and yahwe just gave

555
00:51:17.800 --> 00:51:22.320
them the boot. And so they
had started off up on high, and

556
00:51:22.440 --> 00:51:28.320
now they had been brought low,
and all of this gets wrapped up in

557
00:51:28.800 --> 00:51:34.519
astrological imagery because a lot of people
thought that, you know, stars and

558
00:51:34.679 --> 00:51:38.400
comets and things like that could tell
you things about what was going to happen

559
00:51:38.440 --> 00:51:44.920
with important people. So if you
saw a shooting star, that probably meant

560
00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:49.920
that a king or a prince had
done something wrong and had been cast down

561
00:51:50.039 --> 00:51:55.119
or had died. And there was
actually this this belief that stars were essentially

562
00:51:55.199 --> 00:52:04.400
angels that were the heavenly copy of
people on earth, and so your fate

563
00:52:04.559 --> 00:52:08.760
was linked with the fate of a
specific star, or rather you were a

564
00:52:08.800 --> 00:52:14.119
copy of the star, because the
star, the stuff going on in the

565
00:52:14.159 --> 00:52:17.840
heavens is the real event, and
what's happening on earth is basically a dim

566
00:52:17.880 --> 00:52:25.000
representation of it. So when you
have these two different stories concerning these two

567
00:52:25.079 --> 00:52:31.840
different kings from Ezekiel and Isaiah,
what you have is these two different kings

568
00:52:31.840 --> 00:52:38.559
who were being sort of demoted or
punished by Yahweh for their deeds and sister

569
00:52:38.679 --> 00:52:45.199
being wrapped up with this astrological imagery. One of the things that many kings

570
00:52:45.239 --> 00:52:51.639
were associated with was the last star
that you would see just before the dawn,

571
00:52:52.639 --> 00:52:57.039
and this would come up over the
eastern horizon and it was extremely bright,

572
00:52:57.400 --> 00:53:00.000
and it actually wasn't a star,
it's the planet vena Us. And

573
00:53:00.039 --> 00:53:06.000
then right after it and in very
close proximity, the sun would come up,

574
00:53:06.960 --> 00:53:12.440
and so there would be these stories
about how a king or you know,

575
00:53:12.480 --> 00:53:16.960
someone being represented by this star would
try to usurp the Ultimate power by

576
00:53:17.360 --> 00:53:22.239
you know, ascending First they're like, ah, look, you know that

577
00:53:22.320 --> 00:53:25.599
this star Venus, the morning Star, is trying to come up before the

578
00:53:25.639 --> 00:53:30.039
sun. But then the sun comes
up and it's so bright you can't even

579
00:53:30.039 --> 00:53:34.519
see Venus anymore. It just burns
out its light altogether. And so they

580
00:53:34.559 --> 00:53:37.639
had these stories about the morning Star, you know, attempting to usurp the

581
00:53:37.719 --> 00:53:45.280
ultimate power and then being like cast
down or burned away when the sun comes

582
00:53:45.360 --> 00:53:52.480
up. And this was retold as
a king because they were often associated with

583
00:53:52.519 --> 00:53:59.360
the brightest stars in the sky,
things like Jupiter and Venus or Mars.

584
00:53:59.400 --> 00:54:05.440
And then he's essentially trying to use
surp the great High God of Israel,

585
00:54:05.719 --> 00:54:10.239
l l Yon or Yahweh as L
and Yahweh were merged, and so you

586
00:54:10.280 --> 00:54:15.239
have a story of the morning Star, which another word from morning star is

587
00:54:15.320 --> 00:54:22.559
Lucifer trying to use surp the heavenly
throne and then ultimately being cast out by

588
00:54:22.719 --> 00:54:27.039
God. And this was a story
not about any angels. It wasn't about

589
00:54:27.079 --> 00:54:34.079
any celestial entities. It was about
kings who had failed and their prideful ways

590
00:54:34.159 --> 00:54:38.519
had ultimately led to their downfall.
But since it was tied up with all

591
00:54:38.559 --> 00:54:47.480
of these disastrological imagery and themes,
it was easy to link that at a

592
00:54:47.559 --> 00:54:55.280
later date with other stories concerning evil
and prideful angels, such as the ones

593
00:54:55.360 --> 00:55:01.119
we find in the Book of Watchers. In First Enoch, the word comes

594
00:55:01.159 --> 00:55:08.559
from the Latin words lux or LUs
meaning light and fur meaning bearing together it

595
00:55:08.679 --> 00:55:15.480
makes light bringer or don star.
Lucifer was a godly personification of the planet

596
00:55:15.559 --> 00:55:20.679
Venus, son of the goddess of
dawn Aurora, and one of the brightest

597
00:55:20.679 --> 00:55:27.559
objects in the sky. Indeed,
Roman poet Catulus called its evening aspect noctifer

598
00:55:28.039 --> 00:55:31.320
or night bringer, as it could
still be seen as the sunset. But

599
00:55:31.440 --> 00:55:37.039
here again we see the translation bug
biting hard, as the term Lucifer found

600
00:55:37.039 --> 00:55:44.000
in the Bible was translated from the
Hebrew hellel beIN shehar shining sun of the

601
00:55:44.079 --> 00:55:50.360
morning. A term the ancient Hebrews
used for the planet Venus. The Greek

602
00:55:50.400 --> 00:55:55.280
translation rendered the term Hiosphoros, the
Greek word for bringer of dawn, so

603
00:55:55.320 --> 00:56:00.679
you can see where the Latin term
lucifer came from when they was translated once

604
00:56:00.719 --> 00:56:07.480
again into the Latin Vulgate around three
eighty two CE. This was done by

605
00:56:07.599 --> 00:56:15.119
one Dude Jerome, born in the
Roman Empire around present day Croatia or possibly

606
00:56:15.159 --> 00:56:20.679
Bosnia. He learned Latin and some
Greek early in life, then tried to

607
00:56:20.760 --> 00:56:27.440
learn Hebrew later after he converted to
Christianity. Working from the Greek Septuagint itself,

608
00:56:27.480 --> 00:56:34.400
a translation of the Hebrew Bible,
Jerome translated Heosphoros as Lucifer. You

609
00:56:34.440 --> 00:56:38.159
could also point to origin of Alexandria
two hundred years later, saying certain passages

610
00:56:38.199 --> 00:56:44.800
were about the devil. Later English
translation kept this name instead of its meaning,

611
00:56:45.159 --> 00:56:50.679
and it has caused a whole heap
of trouble. The particular Bible passage

612
00:56:50.719 --> 00:56:54.760
to blame is Isaiah fourteen twelve.
How art thou fallen from Heaven, oh

613
00:56:54.920 --> 00:56:59.880
Lucifer, son of the Morning,
how art thou cut down to the ground,

614
00:57:00.079 --> 00:57:05.800
which just weakened the nations with the
popularity of the Devil's Fall from Heaven

615
00:57:05.840 --> 00:57:12.199
myth, this one verse suddenly tacked
a whole new name onto the devil's growing

616
00:57:12.280 --> 00:57:16.039
list of monikers. But if someone
had taken two damned seconds to pay attention

617
00:57:16.079 --> 00:57:21.760
in a reading comprehension class, this
would never have been considered another name for

618
00:57:21.800 --> 00:57:28.360
the devil eight short ass verses earlier. The scripture is crystal clear that this

619
00:57:28.480 --> 00:57:34.400
is a taunt against the current Babylonian
ruler, stating in verse four, thou

620
00:57:34.440 --> 00:57:38.079
shalt take up this proverb against the
king of Babylon and say how hath the

621
00:57:38.079 --> 00:57:45.039
oppressor ceased? The Golden City ceased? And this taunt continues for about twenty

622
00:57:45.159 --> 00:57:53.320
more verses, including the one with
Lucifer, which obviously was a sarcastic jab

623
00:57:53.400 --> 00:58:00.519
at the Babylonian king, but it
fit too well with the later repurpose tale

624
00:58:00.599 --> 00:58:04.679
of the Fall from Grace. And
yes, I will mention John Milton owning

625
00:58:04.800 --> 00:58:09.800
some responsibility in this mess with the
characterization of Satan as Lucifer in his seventeenth

626
00:58:09.840 --> 00:58:14.920
century Paradise Lost. And you know
what, Dante two for the Inferno in

627
00:58:14.960 --> 00:58:20.760
the fourteenth century, never ever,
ever, was Lucifer the name of the

628
00:58:20.840 --> 00:58:27.440
devil. But because of numerous translations
from language to language to language, coupled

629
00:58:27.480 --> 00:58:31.440
with the popularity of a made up
story and biblical apocrypha, here we are.

630
00:58:32.400 --> 00:58:37.039
Now we have a Fox slash Netflix
show that ran for six seasons,

631
00:58:37.239 --> 00:58:39.039
which I haven't seen a single episode
of, but as far as I can

632
00:58:39.039 --> 00:58:43.320
tell, is mostly just a good
looking dude running around naked a lot.

633
00:58:44.559 --> 00:59:38.039
We're halfway through the names. Stand
up, take a water break. Mammon.

634
00:59:39.639 --> 00:59:45.039
Some medieval ding dongs equated the name
Mammon with devil, pointing to passages

635
00:59:45.079 --> 00:59:50.000
like Matthew four twenty four, which
states you cannot serve God and mammon.

636
00:59:51.519 --> 00:59:53.639
Once again, we have a term
that has been stolen to use as a

637
00:59:53.679 --> 00:59:59.679
proper name. Mammon comes from the
Aramaic word for wealth or profit, basically

638
00:59:59.760 --> 01:00:02.199
money. In the Middle Ages,
it became the name from one of the

639
01:00:02.280 --> 01:00:07.239
seven Princes of Hell, appearing in
fourteen o nine, the anonymously written and

640
01:00:07.360 --> 01:00:14.079
redundantly titled The Lantern of Light manufactured
a classification system for the seven deadly sins

641
01:00:14.119 --> 01:00:17.639
and the demons that preside over them. Mammon was the name given to the

642
01:00:17.719 --> 01:00:23.320
demon who presided over you guessed it
lust, just kidding it was greed.

643
01:00:24.239 --> 01:00:28.960
And now that I'm looking over this
list, let's knock a couple other names

644
01:00:28.960 --> 01:00:32.000
for the devil off. You've heard
most of these by now. Funnily enough,

645
01:00:32.079 --> 01:00:35.880
you'd think someone would have stepped in
and said, Hey, that can't

646
01:00:35.920 --> 01:00:37.880
be the name of the devil.
It's the name of this demon but low.

647
01:00:38.760 --> 01:00:43.400
So we have Mammon for greed.
We also get Lucifer for pride.

648
01:00:43.960 --> 01:00:51.760
Beelzebub is envy out a left field, Satan is wrath, Abadon is gluttony,

649
01:00:52.519 --> 01:00:58.159
Belfagore is sloth. And this was
a Canaanite derived entity originally called by

650
01:00:58.199 --> 01:01:02.199
all poor after a mount and called
Piore and Moab where Ball was worshiped.

651
01:01:04.280 --> 01:01:08.920
And lastly, we have Asmodius for
lust. Asmodius was mentioned in Part one

652
01:01:09.000 --> 01:01:15.119
as the right hand d bag of
Ariman and Zoroastrianism. Honestly I put him

653
01:01:15.199 --> 01:01:21.880
as the demon of wrath, since
Zoroastrian cosmology listed him as the demon of

654
01:01:21.920 --> 01:01:28.079
wrath. But anyway, how about
Samael. Here's another one with a pedigree

655
01:01:28.079 --> 01:01:31.400
as strong as the fall from Grace
story. First appearing in First Enoch,

656
01:01:31.519 --> 01:01:37.639
he was a fallen angel whose name
meant venom of God. Jewish literature of

657
01:01:37.679 --> 01:01:42.159
the Second Temple period had him painted
all sorts of nasty, variously, saying

658
01:01:42.199 --> 01:01:45.519
that he was the serpent. In
Eden, he was the incarnation of Evil,

659
01:01:45.960 --> 01:01:50.840
chief of all Satan's commands, demons
fathered kine, dated Lilith, ordered

660
01:01:50.840 --> 01:01:54.039
his pizza with no sauce what,
and was responsible for all evil brought upon

661
01:01:54.199 --> 01:02:00.599
Israel and Judah. Apocryphal writings in
the first century CE and beyond and equate

662
01:02:00.719 --> 01:02:06.679
him directly with the devil, the
two being interchangeable. Now here's one that's

663
01:02:06.719 --> 01:02:12.880
become more and more interesting lately,
Moloch. For a long time, Moloch

664
01:02:12.960 --> 01:02:17.760
has been regarded as a Canaanite god
who demanded child sacrifices, a coursul.

665
01:02:17.920 --> 01:02:23.079
John Wilton. Milton had him as
a chief demon and pagan god in Paradise

666
01:02:23.159 --> 01:02:30.039
lost first Molach horrid king, besmeared
with blood of human sacrifice, and parents

667
01:02:30.159 --> 01:02:36.400
tears though for the noise of drums
and timbles loud, their children's cries unheard

668
01:02:36.719 --> 01:02:42.920
that passed through fire to his grim
Mino. The term in the Greek Septuagint

669
01:02:43.119 --> 01:02:47.000
the first seven Books of the Old
Testament has been translated as king. And

670
01:02:47.079 --> 01:02:52.280
then the New Testament Book of Acts, chapter seven, verse forty three says,

671
01:02:52.920 --> 01:02:55.519
YEA, he took up the tabernacle
of Moloch in the star of your

672
01:02:55.599 --> 01:03:00.199
God reb fan figures which he made
to worship them, and I will carry

673
01:03:00.199 --> 01:03:07.440
you away beyond a Babylon. The
ambiguity to something evil is odd, but

674
01:03:07.519 --> 01:03:12.559
it has come to mean a god
that you make child sacrifice to, and

675
01:03:12.880 --> 01:03:16.920
has even been linked to the infamous
Bohemian grove ritual, the cremation of care.

676
01:03:19.159 --> 01:03:24.320
However, scholarly opinion on this figure
began shifting in nineteen thirty five with

677
01:03:24.400 --> 01:03:31.480
some very interesting research by German theologian
Otto ice Felt. Jason goes into detail

678
01:03:31.559 --> 01:03:38.920
about this fascinating development. So,
for centuries there was this figure named Moloch,

679
01:03:40.199 --> 01:03:45.639
this evil deity that was worshiped throughout
the land of Canaan, and it

680
01:03:45.639 --> 01:03:52.760
gives reference to numerous times in the
Bible where people would actually conduct human sacrifices

681
01:03:53.039 --> 01:04:00.679
to this god named Moloch. And
Moloch is usually depicted as almost almost like

682
01:04:00.719 --> 01:04:02.800
an Egyptian god, where you have
like a human with an animal head,

683
01:04:03.119 --> 01:04:08.880
in this case the head of a
bull, and this Moloch he would basically

684
01:04:08.920 --> 01:04:14.440
live in like fiery tunnels beneath mountains, so it's almost like a volcano god,

685
01:04:15.480 --> 01:04:20.280
and he lives deep in the earth. And if you wanted to make

686
01:04:20.320 --> 01:04:27.960
a sacrifice to Moloch, you would
take usually your firstborn child and burn them

687
01:04:27.960 --> 01:04:32.920
on an altar. And this seems
absolutely horrible, you know, but sometimes,

688
01:04:33.039 --> 01:04:39.679
you know, ancient people did some
horrible things. And this was the

689
01:04:39.800 --> 01:04:47.760
belief up until the early twentieth century
when scholars came to realize that some of

690
01:04:47.760 --> 01:04:56.519
these texts in the Old Testament that
were referencing this Moloch the phrasing was off.

691
01:04:56.559 --> 01:05:00.559
There had always been a problem with
the phrasing, but as people began

692
01:05:00.360 --> 01:05:05.000
examining earlier copies of the text and
digging a bit deeper, they began to

693
01:05:05.039 --> 01:05:12.400
realize that this wasn't just like a
copyist error. Something had been deliberately done

694
01:05:12.440 --> 01:05:17.000
to the text. And what they
discovered is that the way the phrasing had

695
01:05:17.000 --> 01:05:26.920
worked, they weren't making an offering
burnt like a child burnt sacrifice to a

696
01:05:27.000 --> 01:05:34.840
god named Moloch or Molech. They
were making a molek sacrifice. So this

697
01:05:34.920 --> 01:05:42.760
is a Moloch was a specific type
of sacrifice, and in every instance that

698
01:05:42.800 --> 01:05:45.360
I can find. It basically means
that you took one of your children,

699
01:05:45.800 --> 01:05:51.159
you know, typically the firstborn and
usually the firstborn son, and you burned

700
01:05:51.199 --> 01:05:58.239
them alive to a god, not
to a specific god named Moloch with a

701
01:05:58.320 --> 01:06:02.760
bullhead, but to whatever deity you
prayed to. And so a Moloch wasn't

702
01:06:03.480 --> 01:06:10.320
a god you sacrifice to. It
was a type of sacrifice to whatever god

703
01:06:10.599 --> 01:06:14.840
you were making a sacrifice too.
It could be to any deity that you

704
01:06:14.960 --> 01:06:21.880
worshiped. And the troubling thing about
this is the places where you find these

705
01:06:23.039 --> 01:06:30.239
Moloch sacrifices being referenced are all places
where the primary deity being worshiped was Yahweh.

706
01:06:31.400 --> 01:06:35.920
And so it looks like these were
sacrificed. In many cases, these

707
01:06:35.960 --> 01:06:43.840
were like child sacrifices to Yahweh.
And that's why the phrasing of the text

708
01:06:43.960 --> 01:06:49.840
got changed to essentially cover up the
fact that some of the ancient Israelites used

709
01:06:49.880 --> 01:06:57.480
to make human sacrifices to Yahweh.
And we actually find a few instances,

710
01:06:58.400 --> 01:07:00.559
like there's one of them that pops
to mind in the Book of Exodus,

711
01:07:00.559 --> 01:07:06.360
where it actually commands people to make
human sacrifice to Yahweh. It says you're

712
01:07:08.280 --> 01:07:11.880
you know, it's laying out,
you know, the rules for sacrifice,

713
01:07:12.000 --> 01:07:17.119
and it says like you're the firstborn
of your cows, and your goats and

714
01:07:17.159 --> 01:07:23.840
your sheep, and your own children
will be given to Yahweh. They get

715
01:07:23.880 --> 01:07:29.239
to stay seven days with their mother, and on the eighth day you sacrifice

716
01:07:29.280 --> 01:07:33.639
them to Yahweh. Now, later
in the book they repeat this command,

717
01:07:33.800 --> 01:07:39.400
but when they do, they say, but for your firstborn child, you

718
01:07:39.440 --> 01:07:44.920
can substitute like a goat or a
lamb and not kill your child, because

719
01:07:45.039 --> 01:07:48.280
we don't do human sacrifice anymore,
which is sort of the whole point of

720
01:07:48.320 --> 01:07:50.480
the Abraham and Isaac's stories, like
no, no, no, no,

721
01:07:50.559 --> 01:07:55.719
we don't. Okay, yeah,
we used to do that, we don't

722
01:07:55.800 --> 01:08:00.880
anymore. We substitute the human with
an animal. That's what gets sacrificed.

723
01:08:01.320 --> 01:08:06.119
And so that's what the Moloch ordeal
was all about. It was originally human

724
01:08:06.199 --> 01:08:11.960
sacrifice to a deity, and in
many cases these would have been conducted to

725
01:08:12.119 --> 01:08:17.359
Yahweh. And at some point,
probably around the seventh sixth centuries, somewhere

726
01:08:17.359 --> 01:08:23.079
around there, they were switching away
from human sacrifice and they said, okay,

727
01:08:23.479 --> 01:08:28.600
we're gonna say this was not to
Yahweh, and eventually the text got

728
01:08:28.640 --> 01:08:34.079
so confused that it looked like they
were sacrificing to a god that never was

729
01:08:34.199 --> 01:08:38.960
never mentioned. It was never existed, There was never a Moloch. It

730
01:08:39.000 --> 01:08:44.720
was just a confusion of the text. So does that mean then that there

731
01:08:44.840 --> 01:08:50.520
was an original story of Abraham and
Isaac that did have him sacrificing Isaac,

732
01:08:50.720 --> 01:08:57.680
and then they came in later and
changed it. Yes, there there's actually

733
01:08:57.680 --> 01:09:02.680
evidence in the story that Isaac never
came down off the mountain, because right

734
01:09:02.720 --> 01:09:10.039
after that you have Abraham and Sarah
hanging out and there's no mention of Isaac,

735
01:09:10.560 --> 01:09:17.439
and then after that Sarah dies,
and so you've got this whole little

736
01:09:17.439 --> 01:09:25.239
section after that story from the end
until the time that Sarah dies, where

737
01:09:25.279 --> 01:09:30.920
basically Isaac just doesn't exist. And
so some scholars have actually suggested that in

738
01:09:30.960 --> 01:09:38.760
the original story, Isaac was sacrificed, and then later the story got changed

739
01:09:38.840 --> 01:09:45.279
so that in that scene it's substituted
with a ram which that scene is actually

740
01:09:45.319 --> 01:09:50.720
borrowed from a scene with someone was
supposed to be sacrificing their child to Zeus

741
01:09:51.640 --> 01:09:57.920
and one of his messengers. I
forgot who shows up. It's like no,

742
01:09:57.760 --> 01:10:01.760
no, no, take this sheep
and dad, and then they sacrifice

743
01:10:01.800 --> 01:10:05.760
the sheep. And then this sheep
is used at some point to like mop

744
01:10:05.840 --> 01:10:10.319
up a bunch of water that has
like gold in it, and it later

745
01:10:10.359 --> 01:10:13.800
gets hung up on a tree in
the Caucus Mountains and it becomes the Golden

746
01:10:13.840 --> 01:10:16.800
Fleece. Huh, and then my
namesake has to get on a ship and

747
01:10:16.840 --> 01:10:24.920
go try to find it. So
so yeah, there's actually a lecture series

748
01:10:24.920 --> 01:10:30.600
you can get off of Audible about
the Old Testament from a professor Amy Jill

749
01:10:30.680 --> 01:10:36.680
Levine, and she actually talks about
this, the possibility that Isaac was sacrifice

750
01:10:38.520 --> 01:10:45.079
and that it was Ishmael, who
inherits everything you know, is Abraham's son

751
01:10:45.159 --> 01:10:47.800
with the slave Hagar, which is
why we have the whole story about her.

752
01:10:48.239 --> 01:10:56.239
And then Ishmael, like Jacob,
ends up having twelve sons, one

753
01:10:56.359 --> 01:10:59.640
for each of the tribes. But
then they say, oh no, they

754
01:10:59.680 --> 01:11:04.359
get sent off and they go elsewhere
and have twelve other like the fathers of

755
01:11:04.439 --> 01:11:11.640
twelve other tribes. So it looks
like it may have been that Isaac was

756
01:11:11.760 --> 01:11:17.000
sacrificed and it was his son Ishmael
who carried on his line. How did

757
01:11:17.039 --> 01:11:25.439
they figure out that this was an
action as opposed to a deity. Does

758
01:11:25.520 --> 01:11:34.079
this term show up in other Hebrew
texts or did they take the structure of

759
01:11:34.119 --> 01:11:40.960
the word and say, this actually
is a verb, it's not a noun

760
01:11:41.119 --> 01:11:45.279
or something like that. My exposure
to this came from several articles and a

761
01:11:45.479 --> 01:11:49.600
book that i'd read a couple of
years ago, and I hadn't looked at

762
01:11:49.680 --> 01:11:58.239
him in that particular context much since
then. There's a book Human Sacrifice in

763
01:11:58.319 --> 01:12:04.439
Ancient Israel, Heath dural Uh,
that goes in depth into this particular topic

764
01:12:05.239 --> 01:12:13.439
H and he cites all of the
relevant uh scholarly literature on the the these

765
01:12:13.479 --> 01:12:19.079
discoveries and the more accurate renderings of
those passages. But that that would be

766
01:12:19.119 --> 01:12:23.800
the best I can't remember all the
details of it off the top of my

767
01:12:23.840 --> 01:12:27.880
head, um, because it's been
some years since I was looking at that

768
01:12:27.960 --> 01:12:30.560
material, but that would be the
place to go for it. And that's

769
01:12:30.560 --> 01:12:36.399
a relatively recent take it. Yes, yeah, that's UH. That is

770
01:12:36.439 --> 01:12:41.199
based on the latest scholarship and um, I want to say, it's only

771
01:12:41.239 --> 01:12:47.720
a few years old. So this
stunning reversal seems to be a name that

772
01:12:47.800 --> 01:12:54.319
became a term not became. It
always was, but I've gotten tired of

773
01:12:54.359 --> 01:13:00.000
hearing about terms becoming names. Who
knew Yahwei had such a thirst for children

774
01:13:00.359 --> 01:13:04.439
blood? I find this terribly fascinating, but I shouldn't be too surprised.

775
01:13:04.720 --> 01:13:09.960
As Jason explains, Yahweh had a
taste for just about any kind of blood.

776
01:13:11.079 --> 01:13:15.720
At the end of Second Samuel,
we have a thing where Yahweh is

777
01:13:15.800 --> 01:13:23.960
once again upset with the Israelites,
and the reason given is that during the

778
01:13:24.000 --> 01:13:29.000
time of King Saul, he didn't
There was like some group of people his

779
01:13:29.119 --> 01:13:31.800
at war with, and Yahweh commanded
him to kill everybody, but he didn't

780
01:13:31.840 --> 01:13:35.560
kill all of them. He only
killed some of them, so it was

781
01:13:35.680 --> 01:13:40.479
genocide, but it wasn't a complete
genocide. He allowed some of them to

782
01:13:40.600 --> 01:13:45.840
live genocide light. And Yahweh got
upset with that, and so he I

783
01:13:45.880 --> 01:13:49.760
think he visited another plague on him
or something. So the Israelites are being

784
01:13:49.760 --> 01:13:57.560
punished for something that their previous king
had done, and there there's a great

785
01:13:57.600 --> 01:14:00.039
famine. I think, like all
of their grains stopped growing or something.

786
01:14:00.079 --> 01:14:04.880
I think that was the problem,
and the only way to fix this was

787
01:14:04.960 --> 01:14:11.680
to take a bunch of the male
descendants of King Saul. So Saul's already

788
01:14:11.680 --> 01:14:15.560
dead, he's been dead for years. David has to go and round up

789
01:14:15.880 --> 01:14:19.359
a bunch of the male descendants,
so a bunch of his sons and grandsons,

790
01:14:20.239 --> 01:14:26.319
and they're all taken up onto a
hill outside of Jerusalem and they're all

791
01:14:26.359 --> 01:14:31.399
impaled as a sacrifice to Yahweh so
that the famine will be over. And

792
01:14:31.439 --> 01:14:34.560
it's like, oh, that's kind
of horrible. So we have like this

793
01:14:34.720 --> 01:14:40.439
mass human sacrifice of a whole bunch
of innocent people, but not burned,

794
01:14:40.960 --> 01:14:45.920
right, right, right, So
we have this and they're all they're all

795
01:14:45.960 --> 01:14:53.079
crucified to appease Yahweh to ensure a
good grain harvest. But we have another

796
01:14:53.119 --> 01:15:00.760
one in Um in the Old Testament
involving Jeptha's daughter and up that he's going

797
01:15:00.800 --> 01:15:06.600
to fight I believe the Ammonites,
and he asks Yahweh to basically help him.

798
01:15:08.159 --> 01:15:10.840
I think this is in the Book
of Judges. He asked Yahweh to

799
01:15:11.720 --> 01:15:17.479
basically grant him victory in battle.
And the deal that jep the Yahweh make

800
01:15:17.760 --> 01:15:23.199
is that jep Theo will be victorious
in battle, but at a cost.

801
01:15:24.239 --> 01:15:29.680
He's going to have to sacrifice the
first thing that exits his house. When

802
01:15:29.720 --> 01:15:35.159
he returns home, he goes into
battle, he's victorious. He comes home

803
01:15:35.880 --> 01:15:42.079
and his oldest daughter walks out,
so he has to bring her to a

804
01:15:42.119 --> 01:15:46.199
big pile of wood and set her
on fire and burn her alive. And

805
01:15:46.239 --> 01:15:48.760
so we you know, and so
in this one, like there's no ram

806
01:15:48.800 --> 01:15:53.600
that shows up at the last moment. You know, they're like, she's

807
01:15:53.640 --> 01:15:58.560
a woman. We don't need to
apologize for this. Yeah, and uh,

808
01:15:59.079 --> 01:16:01.279
they end up using this. This
is an ideological tale to explain a

809
01:16:01.319 --> 01:16:06.279
certain festival that's done at a certain
time of year. Guy Fawkes night.

810
01:16:06.520 --> 01:16:15.199
Yeah, we have another story in
which a person sacrifices their own oldest child

811
01:16:15.840 --> 01:16:18.920
too. Yahweh. And it's actually
a burnt offering, it's a Moloch sacrifice.

812
01:16:19.800 --> 01:16:25.359
So yeah, the story of Jeptha's
daughter is definitely one and there's no

813
01:16:25.439 --> 01:16:28.520
intervention to savor in that one.
What book did you say? That was?

814
01:16:28.600 --> 01:16:39.239
Judges Judges Chapter eleven. Mephistopheles,
The last big name association I want

815
01:16:39.239 --> 01:16:45.199
to discuss is one of the youngest
ones Mephistopheles today. This name and its

816
01:16:45.239 --> 01:16:50.680
abbreviated version mephisto are interchangeable with the
devil, but the character of Mephistophiles has

817
01:16:50.720 --> 01:16:56.680
always been a demon in service of
the devil. Its first appearance came in

818
01:16:56.800 --> 01:17:01.079
Der Fausboch, a chat book or
small forty page story book written around the

819
01:17:01.279 --> 01:17:08.800
fifteen seventies in Germany. It concerned
the Historia von doctor Johann Fausten, a

820
01:17:08.960 --> 01:17:13.720
fictional account of the real Doctor Faust, a German alchemist who had died about

821
01:17:13.760 --> 01:17:18.800
thirty years earlier. In the tale, doctor Faust summons a demon named Mephistopheles

822
01:17:19.119 --> 01:17:25.960
to broker a deal whereby he would
live deliciously for twenty four years with Mephistopheles

823
01:17:26.000 --> 01:17:30.239
as his servant, and then the
devil could have his soul for eternity.

824
01:17:30.840 --> 01:17:35.239
The tale was not original. A
similar German folk tale existed prior and inspired

825
01:17:35.279 --> 01:17:41.800
the anonymously authored work, but it
in turn would inspire countless other works of

826
01:17:41.840 --> 01:17:46.960
the same tale. Some of those
include Christopher Marlowe's sixteen sixteen play The Tragical

827
01:17:47.039 --> 01:17:55.279
History of Doctor Faustus Gerta's eighteen o
eight play Faust, Barelioz's operatic musical dramatic

828
01:17:55.359 --> 01:18:01.399
legend La Damnation de Faust in eighteen
forty six Lists eighteen fifty seven Faust Symphony,

829
01:18:01.920 --> 01:18:06.319
and an incredible host more composers,
songwriters, films, shows, art

830
01:18:06.319 --> 01:18:12.880
and literature too many to name.
Because of the appeal of the moral dilemma

831
01:18:12.960 --> 01:18:17.119
involved, the Deal with the Devil
metaphor has gained wide popularity from then on,

832
01:18:17.439 --> 01:18:23.359
and no doubt helped in attaching the
name Mephistopheles to the devil, even

833
01:18:23.399 --> 01:18:28.760
though there is a clear distinction between
the two in the play. We'll be

834
01:18:28.800 --> 01:18:31.119
revisiting Mephisto here in just a little
bit, but for now, I'll run

835
01:18:31.199 --> 01:18:35.319
down through some other devilish names that
have been conjured, up, tacked on,

836
01:18:35.479 --> 01:18:40.039
invented, and improvised over the years, just to give you a little

837
01:18:40.119 --> 01:18:46.680
cherry on top. Tinebriffer or shadow
bearer, snakey, cacodemon, shown spiegel

838
01:18:47.000 --> 01:18:53.399
or pretty mirror, the Boogeyman,
ragamuffin, crooked nose, the many handed

839
01:18:53.399 --> 01:18:57.159
one, Ribald, the father of
lies, gentleman Jack, the goodfellow,

840
01:18:57.520 --> 01:19:01.720
error, Dickens, dickon less,
dick, old nick, old rip old

841
01:19:01.760 --> 01:19:06.960
horny, old Harry, and old
scratch. And that's just old scratching the

842
01:19:08.039 --> 01:19:12.479
surface. And speaking of surface.
What in the world does the devil look

843
01:19:12.520 --> 01:19:17.760
like? That's almost as loaded as
the names he carries. Let's go through

844
01:19:17.800 --> 01:19:21.880
the many looks for the devil over
the years up to and including the modern

845
01:19:21.920 --> 01:19:34.159
Devil. I don't want you,
but I'd hate to lose you. You've

846
01:19:34.239 --> 01:19:42.159
got me in between the devil and
the deep blue sea. I forgive you

847
01:19:42.760 --> 01:19:47.760
because I can't forget you. You've
got me in between the devil and the

848
01:19:47.800 --> 01:19:54.079
deep blue sea. I ought across
you off my list, but when you

849
01:19:54.239 --> 01:19:58.319
come knocking at my dog, that
seems to give my heart and twiz,

850
01:19:58.720 --> 01:20:04.359
I'd come on it back. I
should hate you, the guest, I

851
01:20:04.600 --> 01:20:11.560
love you. You've got me in
between the devil and the deep blue Who

852
01:20:11.600 --> 01:20:18.319
makes wakes the devil and the deep
The devil hath power to assume a pleasing

853
01:20:18.399 --> 01:20:32.039
shape Hamlet Shakespeare's Hamlet. The Devil
has had one hell of a costumer.

854
01:20:33.279 --> 01:20:38.279
I've described what I guess you could
call the classic devil look of horns,

855
01:20:38.399 --> 01:20:43.119
wings, redskin, et cetera.
I'll get to that, but it's hardly

856
01:20:43.239 --> 01:20:47.720
how he began or ended up.
Let's go back to ancient Canaan and a

857
01:20:47.840 --> 01:20:54.239
figure I mentioned in Part one.
How by you, if you'll remember,

858
01:20:54.239 --> 01:20:59.800
he is a demon described as the
lord of horns and a tail. Other

859
01:21:00.119 --> 01:21:04.600
ugurritic demons carried associations with fire.
At least a couple were described as sea

860
01:21:04.680 --> 01:21:11.239
monsters or giant serpents, sometimes with
multiple heads, as in the monster low

861
01:21:11.279 --> 01:21:16.399
Tan the mighty one with seven heads
that'll come up again. In fact,

862
01:21:16.720 --> 01:21:20.520
the whole reason I'm bringing these examples
up is because the many looks of the

863
01:21:20.600 --> 01:21:25.319
Devil all have roots in these myths
and legends, and you can tie a

864
01:21:25.359 --> 01:21:29.880
string on the corkboard to most of
them and try and keep track of all

865
01:21:29.880 --> 01:21:33.840
the animal imagery, as the Devil
has taken on aspects of all kinds of

866
01:21:33.880 --> 01:21:40.439
beasts. This is likely due to
the fact that it's always been the fashion

867
01:21:40.560 --> 01:21:46.920
to characterize one's enemies in a chimeric, chaos monster way, especially in apocalyptic

868
01:21:46.960 --> 01:21:51.720
literature like the kinds that were being
written pre impost Jewish exile in Babylon.

869
01:21:53.920 --> 01:21:59.680
For example, Daniel chapter seven describes
four great beasts from the sea, one

870
01:21:59.760 --> 01:22:02.680
with a lyon body and eagle wings
that stood like a man, one like

871
01:22:02.760 --> 01:22:08.479
a bear, with ribs between its
teeth or a mouth in its ribs,

872
01:22:08.560 --> 01:22:13.880
or something. One was a foreheaded
leopard with chicken wings, and the last

873
01:22:14.079 --> 01:22:17.920
just says it's a strong, dreadful, terrible beast with tin horns and iron

874
01:22:17.960 --> 01:22:25.560
teeth. He was describing the empires
of Babylon, Media, Persia, and

875
01:22:25.680 --> 01:22:31.079
Greece. Jason discusses the line of
thinking at the time, and so like

876
01:22:31.479 --> 01:22:35.159
Hell then becomes this fiery place,
but at the same time, it's also

877
01:22:35.359 --> 01:22:41.439
dark, and it's like full of
filth, and you know, pests and

878
01:22:41.560 --> 01:22:46.079
stuff, and everything is foul and
stinky and corrupt. And he looks like

879
01:22:46.079 --> 01:22:50.000
a dragon but also likes like a
person, and he's covered in horns,

880
01:22:50.239 --> 01:22:55.319
and you know, it's like you
can't really describe him because you're trying to

881
01:22:55.359 --> 01:23:00.560
describe like five different things at once. That's why our depiction look so bizarre.

882
01:23:00.920 --> 01:23:04.960
He's got like a snake for a
tail, and he's got all these

883
01:23:05.000 --> 01:23:11.840
heads, like seven heads and ten
horns, and you know, all sorts

884
01:23:11.840 --> 01:23:15.760
of things. They're trying to take
too many things and merge them into one,

885
01:23:15.439 --> 01:23:23.960
which is essentially what the modern satan
is. This type of image salad

886
01:23:24.119 --> 01:23:28.399
can also be found splattered across the
Book of Revelation, and we finally get

887
01:23:28.399 --> 01:23:31.560
a description of the devil, who
at first is called the great Red Dragon

888
01:23:32.680 --> 01:23:38.520
Revelation twelve three through four. And
there appeared another wonder in heaven, And

889
01:23:38.600 --> 01:23:43.800
behold a great red dragon, having
seven heads and ten horns, and seven

890
01:23:43.880 --> 01:23:47.000
crowns upon its heads, and his
tail drew the third part of the stars

891
01:23:47.079 --> 01:23:54.039
of heaven and didn't cast them to
the earth. We get the color red,

892
01:23:54.159 --> 01:23:58.760
horns and a tail, probably even
flying if he's up in the heavens

893
01:23:59.520 --> 01:24:03.359
and the us all would serve later
descriptions of the devil by people who were

894
01:24:03.399 --> 01:24:10.520
clearly making it up as they went
along. Images, art stories all drew

895
01:24:10.560 --> 01:24:15.479
from these ancient concepts of composite beings
to make the devil a composite himself.

896
01:24:16.399 --> 01:24:19.520
So far we have horns, wings, a tail, and snake imagery,

897
01:24:20.000 --> 01:24:25.800
not to mention the color red.
And there's more to come. However,

898
01:24:26.119 --> 01:24:31.920
the imaginative Intertestamental period would throw a
curveball with the fanciful fall from Grace story.

899
01:24:32.000 --> 01:24:36.560
The devil's arrogance, pride, and
narcissism would lead to his expulsion from

900
01:24:36.600 --> 01:24:43.680
heaven. People have taken that idea
and decided that his vanity came from his

901
01:24:43.840 --> 01:24:48.680
almost inconceivable good looks. So now
we have a couple of options of devil

902
01:24:48.720 --> 01:24:54.359
flavors to choose from. By the
Middle Ages, depictions of the devil were

903
01:24:54.399 --> 01:24:58.960
many and varied, and to be
honest, pretty hilarious. He often looked

904
01:24:58.960 --> 01:25:02.279
like a wild, warned, hairy
ogre type humanoid, sometimes with a tail,

905
01:25:02.840 --> 01:25:09.000
sometimes with just mouths all over his
body. I mean, these people

906
01:25:09.039 --> 01:25:14.479
were absolutely hammered on lead or pure
grain, alcohol or psilocybin, or lack

907
01:25:14.520 --> 01:25:19.319
of sex or something. Speaking of
weirdos, Saint Jerome blasts back into the

908
01:25:19.319 --> 01:25:24.279
picture. He's the donut who gave
us the Latin Vulgate Bible, if you

909
01:25:24.359 --> 01:25:28.199
remember. But he also gave us
another lion vehicle to add to this vultron

910
01:25:28.239 --> 01:25:32.800
of an entity. After ruminating on
Isaiah chapter thirteen, where it's said Babylon

911
01:25:32.920 --> 01:25:39.920
was the place Harry Ones danced,
Jerome decided it must be talking about satyrs,

912
01:25:40.319 --> 01:25:44.560
the half men, half goat,
all horny creatures of classical mythology.

913
01:25:45.439 --> 01:25:50.199
To Jerome, that meant they were
demons. So that demonic imagery associated with

914
01:25:50.319 --> 01:25:56.399
satyrs looks to have come from Jabrome. I mean, Jerome, what is

915
01:25:56.439 --> 01:26:00.840
the devil but chief of all demons? And soon you start getting the art

916
01:26:00.960 --> 01:26:05.359
rolling in with a half man,
half goat, allhorny with horns tailed troublemaker.

917
01:26:06.920 --> 01:26:13.239
This also led to one particularly remarkable
instance, if you'll allow a short

918
01:26:13.279 --> 01:26:17.239
but compelling tangent, the story of
Sister Magdalena of the Cross, the nun

919
01:26:17.319 --> 01:26:29.640
who made a pact with the devil. Born in Corti, Baspaine in fourteen

920
01:26:29.720 --> 01:26:33.479
eighty seven, Magdalena de la Cruz
was a nun of the Franciscan order who

921
01:26:33.520 --> 01:26:39.520
displayed great devotion to the church at
a very young age and throughout her life.

922
01:26:40.399 --> 01:26:43.079
She was said to have had a
vision of Jesus when she was five

923
01:26:43.159 --> 01:26:47.479
years old, and claimed to have
visions repeatedly after that, simultaneously gaining fame

924
01:26:47.600 --> 01:26:53.439
and notoriety at the time. Not
long after, she was said to have

925
01:26:53.479 --> 01:26:57.640
cured a man's limp and made a
mute man able to speak, acts that

926
01:26:57.720 --> 01:27:01.960
were considered miracles. At the age
of ten, According to her legend,

927
01:27:02.399 --> 01:27:08.039
she thought herself too beautiful and that
no amount of covering up would atone for

928
01:27:08.119 --> 01:27:13.840
her beauty. So she did the
logical thing and crucified herself to her bedroom

929
01:27:13.880 --> 01:27:19.560
wall. To her this was an
act of atonement. She nailed her feet

930
01:27:19.600 --> 01:27:25.079
in and got her left hand nailed
before passing out from pain and falling off

931
01:27:25.079 --> 01:27:32.039
the wall, breaking a couple of
ribs in the process, though a doctor

932
01:27:32.079 --> 01:27:35.880
patched her up. She wanted to
feel the pain as a form of penance

933
01:27:36.279 --> 01:27:42.680
and kept removing her bandages, which
led to infection and near death. But

934
01:27:42.760 --> 01:27:47.640
apparently on Easter Sunday fourteen ninety seven, she had a vision where Jesus appeared

935
01:27:47.640 --> 01:27:50.960
to her and cured her, and
she sat up in bed, ripping her

936
01:27:50.960 --> 01:27:58.760
bandages off and screaming in joy.
At sixteen, she whipped herself in penance

937
01:27:59.199 --> 01:28:03.760
and claimed the wounds were healed.
The next day, she had two fingers

938
01:28:03.800 --> 01:28:09.600
that didn't grow normally like her others. Maybe nailing your hand might have led

939
01:28:09.640 --> 01:28:14.439
to complications, but people said it
was because Jesus touched them in a vision

940
01:28:14.479 --> 01:28:17.399
when she was younger. I mean, that's a red flag to me,

941
01:28:17.560 --> 01:28:24.560
but we'll keep going. She became
a nun at seventeen and really upped her

942
01:28:24.560 --> 01:28:30.560
devotion game by carrying a cross around, starving herself, kissing other nun's feet,

943
01:28:30.920 --> 01:28:34.439
and whipping herself some more. At
age twenty two, the day she

944
01:28:34.520 --> 01:28:39.640
became an official nun. It was
said that during the ceremony, a dove

945
01:28:39.640 --> 01:28:44.359
flew down from the ceiling and landed
on her shoulder, seemingly whispering into her

946
01:28:44.399 --> 01:28:47.479
ear, before eventually watching some more
of the ceremony and flying away into the

947
01:28:47.479 --> 01:28:54.800
sky. Her fame grew and she
was considered a living saintant. She began

948
01:28:54.880 --> 01:28:59.159
having more visions where she seemingly predicted
the future and was able to know things

949
01:28:59.159 --> 01:29:02.960
that happened all over Spain as they
were happening or shortly after. And then

950
01:29:03.399 --> 01:29:10.159
in fifteen eighteen, she told her
abbess that she was miraculously pregnant with the

951
01:29:10.239 --> 01:29:15.640
baby Jesus. This divided her convent
with nuns who thought it was a miracle

952
01:29:16.039 --> 01:29:23.920
and nuns who threw squints and side
eyed glances due to skepticism. Magdalena responded

953
01:29:23.960 --> 01:29:30.079
by mutilating herself more. The archbishop
sent three midwives to examine her, and

954
01:29:30.159 --> 01:29:35.119
all three concluded her virginity was still
intact. She claimed to have given birth

955
01:29:35.119 --> 01:29:41.840
alone on Christmas fifteen eighteen, to
a radiant baby that her hair changed to

956
01:29:41.920 --> 01:29:45.840
blonde and grew long enough to wrap
the baby in. Then the next morning

957
01:29:45.159 --> 01:29:48.640
she woke up and the baby was
gone and her hair had changed back to

958
01:29:48.720 --> 01:29:55.119
brunette. I'm gonna skip over a
bunch more bonker stuff and bring us back

959
01:29:55.159 --> 01:30:00.199
around. In fifteen thirty three,
she was elected abbess and became a real

960
01:30:00.439 --> 01:30:05.319
terror to the nuns, making them
perform horrible acts of penance publicly. Her

961
01:30:05.359 --> 01:30:11.920
brutal regime change, coupled with some
failing prophecies and visions, led to doubts

962
01:30:11.960 --> 01:30:15.560
about her from the community. In
fifteen forty three, she got sick and

963
01:30:15.720 --> 01:30:23.880
started acting weird around priests, including
going into convulsions. A doctor was called

964
01:30:23.920 --> 01:30:28.680
who stabbed her with a needle to
no reaction. However, after dipping the

965
01:30:28.680 --> 01:30:32.239
needle in holy water and trying again, Magdalena led out a moan of pain.

966
01:30:33.960 --> 01:30:40.279
Shortly after, an exorcist came along
and discovered there were two demons possessing

967
01:30:40.319 --> 01:30:47.680
her. Their names were Balbon and
Petorio or Patonio. Having demons driven out

968
01:30:47.680 --> 01:30:53.359
of Magdalena caught the full attention of
the church, and an inquisitor was sent

969
01:30:53.439 --> 01:30:57.760
to get to the bottom of the
situation. Under the belief that she would

970
01:30:57.840 --> 01:31:01.560
die within the year, she confessed
some thing amazing. She had made a

971
01:31:01.560 --> 01:31:05.800
pact with the devil at age five, where she would be granted fame in

972
01:31:05.840 --> 01:31:11.960
respect for her obedience to the dark
Lord. It wasn't Jesus, she saw,

973
01:31:12.159 --> 01:31:16.760
it was the Devil. For about
forty years she had copulated with these

974
01:31:16.800 --> 01:31:21.399
demons, and the devil described as
having goat legs a human torso. In

975
01:31:21.479 --> 01:31:28.319
the face of a satyr whose child
she berthed in fifteen forty six, she

976
01:31:28.439 --> 01:31:31.119
was subjected to an otto da fay, otto da fay. What's an auto

977
01:31:31.199 --> 01:31:34.840
da fae? It's what you oughtn't
to do, but you do anyway.

978
01:31:35.960 --> 01:31:42.760
These were public penances by the Spanish
Inquisition, highly ritualistic and usually consisting of

979
01:31:42.800 --> 01:31:46.680
whipping, torture, and even burning
at the stake. Since the demons were

980
01:31:46.720 --> 01:31:53.560
to blame, she got away with
lifetime imprisonment and supposedly died in fifteen sixty,

981
01:31:54.119 --> 01:32:09.239
still quite repentant. I came across
the story in the research and thought

982
01:32:09.279 --> 01:32:12.960
it too good not to share.
But the main point of including it is

983
01:32:13.000 --> 01:32:16.600
how the imagery of the devil having
sator features was a prominent thing at the

984
01:32:16.640 --> 01:32:21.720
time, and the lengths people have
gone to throughout history to portray this character

985
01:32:23.079 --> 01:32:31.800
and his powers are extreme. Continuing
with the Devil's looks. I wasn't able

986
01:32:31.840 --> 01:32:38.399
to find a direct source saying Jerome
was responsible, but his imagining of Satyr's

987
01:32:38.439 --> 01:32:43.359
being demons made me wonder if he
also associated devilish looks with that of other

988
01:32:43.439 --> 01:32:47.840
Greek mythology. Indeed, some scholars, like Jeffrey Burton Russell believe this to

989
01:32:47.880 --> 01:32:51.640
be the case, as he points
out in his nineteen seventy seven work The

990
01:32:51.760 --> 01:32:59.199
Devil Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to
Primitive Christianity. Quote. The devil's pitchfork

991
01:32:59.399 --> 01:33:03.560
derives in part from the ancient trident
such as that carried by Poseidon, which

992
01:33:03.600 --> 01:33:09.800
symbolizes threefold power over Earth, air, and sea, in part from symbols

993
01:33:09.800 --> 01:33:14.479
of death such as the mallet of
Karen, and in part from the instruments

994
01:33:14.600 --> 01:33:19.199
used in Hell for the torment of
the damned end quote. I would also

995
01:33:19.319 --> 01:33:26.640
love to lump in one more contender
for inspiration. Hades obviously the first figure

996
01:33:26.680 --> 01:33:30.600
you'd point to in that mythology,
though wrongly as I pointed out earlier,

997
01:33:30.840 --> 01:33:33.319
But here you have the ruler of
the underworld and damned souls, and lo

998
01:33:33.479 --> 01:33:40.560
and behold. He was often depicted
carrying a biden't or two pronged instrument.

999
01:33:41.479 --> 01:33:46.279
These images could very well have inspired
later artistic portrayals, though Jeffrey Burton Russell

1000
01:33:46.800 --> 01:33:53.359
wasn't exactly convinced. He went on
to point out the more contemporary thought that

1001
01:33:53.479 --> 01:33:58.840
monks and church leaders could simply look
out their windows and see the peasants shoveling

1002
01:33:58.880 --> 01:34:01.880
hay who were scared to death,
they would be handled the same way by

1003
01:34:01.920 --> 01:34:08.319
the devil. To him, that
inspiration made more sense than the thousand year

1004
01:34:08.319 --> 01:34:15.159
old influence of another culture's mythology.
I leaned toward Hades and his Biden being

1005
01:34:15.159 --> 01:34:20.520
the source personally. Dante returns to
us in the fourteenth century, introducing batlike

1006
01:34:20.600 --> 01:34:26.560
wings in his description of the devil. Milton strikes back with the devil being

1007
01:34:26.640 --> 01:34:30.399
beautiful. The Faust folk tale also
helped the image of the devil, with

1008
01:34:30.479 --> 01:34:38.399
productions in the seventeenth century onward portraying
Mephisto wearing Renaissance clothing and bright red and

1009
01:34:38.560 --> 01:34:43.640
black silks, often with red tights
and makeup of black hair and a Van

1010
01:34:43.720 --> 01:34:48.399
Dyke goatee. Nowadays, it's fashionable
to portray the devil as a good looking

1011
01:34:48.439 --> 01:34:54.600
guy in a sharp suit, someone
enchanting and likable who puts others at ease

1012
01:34:54.680 --> 01:34:59.560
and charms his way in and out
of situations. But there's not really one

1013
01:34:59.720 --> 01:35:03.119
look the devil carries anymore, as
you can just as easily find images of

1014
01:35:03.159 --> 01:35:08.199
an all red, pointy tailed,
snake, tongued, two horned, batwinged,

1015
01:35:08.199 --> 01:35:13.399
goat legged, vandyke, sporting trident
toting humanoid, or even all that

1016
01:35:13.560 --> 01:35:17.920
but a horrendously ugly oglike face.
It's really up to you how you see

1017
01:35:18.039 --> 01:35:24.199
or don't see the devil. One
symbol appearing a lot these days, especially

1018
01:35:24.239 --> 01:35:29.000
with the modern Satanic temple, is
the image of bothamet. This is the

1019
01:35:29.039 --> 01:35:33.399
goat legged human torsoed winged figure with
a goat head that appears along with several

1020
01:35:33.439 --> 01:35:40.279
other bits of iconography. Many people
equate it directly as a representation of the

1021
01:35:40.319 --> 01:35:45.279
devil, but of course it's not. The term originated around ten ninety eight

1022
01:35:45.880 --> 01:35:50.439
in a letter from a French crusader, and was used as an alternate term

1023
01:35:50.920 --> 01:35:57.319
for Muhammad. It's seen in several
works of literature in the twelfth and thirteenth

1024
01:35:57.399 --> 01:36:01.960
centuries, but in the early fourteenth
century appears in transcripts for an inquisition against

1025
01:36:01.960 --> 01:36:08.760
the Knights Templar as the templar order
was being attacked more and more frequently by

1026
01:36:08.760 --> 01:36:14.000
the church. Accusations of the worship
of Bahamet kept popping up, and eventually

1027
01:36:14.039 --> 01:36:19.399
the name was seen in forced dubious
confessions of templar knights. It was never

1028
01:36:19.479 --> 01:36:24.479
described the same way twice, since
it was a non existent thing, but

1029
01:36:24.680 --> 01:36:29.800
church leaders decried the worship of a
false idol and used this uproar to torture

1030
01:36:29.840 --> 01:36:36.079
and murder knights. In the nineteenth
century, French esotericist and author Eliphus Levy

1031
01:36:36.439 --> 01:36:41.600
wrote a book on high Magic in
which he drew a depiction of Bahamet as

1032
01:36:41.640 --> 01:36:46.560
a Sabbatic goat, a figure associated
with the Sabbath. His goal was to

1033
01:36:46.600 --> 01:36:54.640
portray a quote symbolization of the equilibrium
of opposites end quote with a good depiction

1034
01:36:54.680 --> 01:37:00.239
of balance and perfect social order.
So the image he drew had both male

1035
01:37:00.319 --> 01:37:05.600
and female, human and animal,
and good and evil features. The Satanic

1036
01:37:05.640 --> 01:37:11.840
Temple, who again do not worship
a literal Satan, has taken up this

1037
01:37:11.880 --> 01:37:16.159
figure as a mascot of sorts,
while evangelicals absolutely lose their damned minds over

1038
01:37:16.199 --> 01:37:20.119
it and proclaim it to be the
literal definition of devil. Worship, or

1039
01:37:20.159 --> 01:37:25.199
at the very least, demon worship. You can find this guy more and

1040
01:37:25.239 --> 01:37:29.239
more in pop culture. And while
its meaning has gotten lost over the years,

1041
01:37:29.279 --> 01:37:33.039
and the image was fabricated by a
French magician, it was originally an

1042
01:37:33.119 --> 01:37:40.800
alternate name for the prophet Muhammad.
Never in history has the Devil enjoyed such

1043
01:37:40.880 --> 01:37:45.079
success in pop culture as the time
we're currently living. In film, art,

1044
01:37:45.439 --> 01:37:49.159
literature, music, games, you
name it, the Devil can be

1045
01:37:49.159 --> 01:37:55.279
found there. Good omens, Rosemary's
Baby, The Mysterious Stranger, The Devil,

1046
01:37:55.319 --> 01:38:00.720
and Daniel Webster to name a few
novels. The Devil's Advocate, The

1047
01:38:00.800 --> 01:38:08.000
Prophecy Constantine, The Witch with Everybody's
favorite Dancing Goat. But those are some

1048
01:38:08.079 --> 01:38:12.960
notable films, Ghosts and Goblins,
Cuphead, Diablo, and one of my

1049
01:38:13.000 --> 01:38:17.560
favorites, Dante's Inferno. Are some
notable video games featuring him running with the

1050
01:38:17.600 --> 01:38:21.239
Devil, Shout at the Devil,
sympathy for the Devil, The Devil went

1051
01:38:21.279 --> 01:38:27.920
Down to Georgia, Devil Inside Devil's
Haircut. There's some bangers involving the Devil

1052
01:38:27.920 --> 01:38:33.520
in music, Lucifer, Southpark,
Futurama, Supernatural, the Twilight Zone.

1053
01:38:33.600 --> 01:38:40.039
For some TV shows, the Devil, perhaps ironically to those scared shitless of

1054
01:38:40.159 --> 01:38:44.920
him, is all around us.
Some people feel the devil around every corner,

1055
01:38:45.119 --> 01:38:47.119
see the devil in every shadow,
hear the devil in every baby laugh.

1056
01:38:47.159 --> 01:38:51.880
In addition to these fanciful and varied
portrayals of him and culture, this

1057
01:38:51.960 --> 01:38:57.359
is no better illustrated than in the
infamous Satanic Panic of the late eighties and

1058
01:38:57.439 --> 01:39:02.880
early nineties. Parents were being inundated
with news segments about serial killers, kidnappers,

1059
01:39:03.039 --> 01:39:06.880
razors and candy, heavy metal,
goths and yes, of course and

1060
01:39:08.039 --> 01:39:14.640
btggs. It created an atmosphere of
pure paranoia, which resulted in people's brains

1061
01:39:14.800 --> 01:39:18.319
literally opening the tops of their skulls, climbing out and running away, never

1062
01:39:18.359 --> 01:39:26.439
to be seen again. Okay,
not literally, but honestly exhibit A gestures.

1063
01:39:26.520 --> 01:39:30.199
Vaguely, even poor D and D
felt the wrath of a thousand karns

1064
01:39:30.279 --> 01:39:35.920
descend upon it, gathering in closed
door rooms or dark basements, casting magic

1065
01:39:36.039 --> 01:39:42.279
spells, talking about demons and resurrected
corpses, magic missile and charm undead.

1066
01:39:42.880 --> 01:39:47.680
A huge backlash befell the simple tabletop
RPG, but luckily it managed to weather

1067
01:39:47.720 --> 01:39:53.159
the storm, as more and more
moms learned it was just nerds sitting around

1068
01:39:53.159 --> 01:39:57.359
doing math. And I don't know
about you guys, but I'm getting the

1069
01:39:57.520 --> 01:40:02.479
sense another satanic panic, because right
around the corner it feels like evangelicals are

1070
01:40:02.479 --> 01:40:09.439
getting more and more empowered to call
anything they don't like satanic. If you

1071
01:40:09.479 --> 01:40:14.279
need examples, I offer the past
few years and the names Lil nas X,

1072
01:40:14.720 --> 01:40:20.000
Sam Smith and Rihanna. These guys
are like professional Jimmy rustlers. It's

1073
01:40:20.000 --> 01:40:24.720
like they're paid a commission for each
singular Jimmy they rustle. It's hilarious.

1074
01:40:25.199 --> 01:40:29.159
It's also kind of sad. I
hope it's just me, but it seems

1075
01:40:29.159 --> 01:40:33.560
we're edging closer and closer toward the
constitutional Church and State wall being torn down

1076
01:40:33.640 --> 01:40:41.319
in America. I guess time will
tell, But something that has stood the

1077
01:40:41.359 --> 01:40:45.239
test of time is the devil's involvement
in superstitions. I can't get out of

1078
01:40:45.239 --> 01:40:53.479
our pop culture section without a few
funds superstitions. So here's ten. Hang

1079
01:40:53.520 --> 01:40:56.560
a mirror by the door to keep
out the devil. He's so vain,

1080
01:40:56.680 --> 01:41:00.880
he'll get distracted by his reflection and
forget to enter. If you spill salt,

1081
01:41:01.079 --> 01:41:05.119
throw a pinch over your left shoulder
from Da Vinci's The Last Supper,

1082
01:41:05.439 --> 01:41:10.279
which shows spilled salt by Judas and
the Folk. Belief that the devil is

1083
01:41:10.319 --> 01:41:14.000
always whispering in your left ear,
so throwing salt might hit him. Squaw

1084
01:41:14.000 --> 01:41:17.800
in the eye. Cover your mouth
while yawning, from the belief that an

1085
01:41:17.800 --> 01:41:23.960
open mouth will allow the devil to
jump inside. No whistling at night,

1086
01:41:24.880 --> 01:41:30.079
from the belief that it will summon
the devil. Don't have two mirrors facing

1087
01:41:30.119 --> 01:41:33.039
each other, from the belief that
it opens a portal to hell the devil

1088
01:41:33.079 --> 01:41:39.479
can climb through. Watch out for
leaves turning in the wind, from the

1089
01:41:39.479 --> 01:41:44.239
belief that the devil is in that
spot. Never leave a woman alone during

1090
01:41:44.279 --> 01:41:48.239
the first six weeks after childbirth,
from the belief the devil has more power

1091
01:41:48.319 --> 01:41:55.600
over them then. Don't cut off
both ends of baked bread from the belief

1092
01:41:55.600 --> 01:42:00.439
that it would cause the devil to
fly over the house. Don't whistle inside

1093
01:42:00.439 --> 01:42:03.399
a cemetery, from the belief that
doing so would so in the devil.

1094
01:42:04.880 --> 01:42:10.720
Don't light three cigarettes with one match, from the belief that the flame represents

1095
01:42:10.800 --> 01:42:14.359
hill and the devil, and lighting
three SIGs with one match is seen as

1096
01:42:14.439 --> 01:42:25.600
disrespecting the Holy Trinity. The devil, as you are fully aware, is

1097
01:42:25.640 --> 01:42:29.600
a huge topic. So as not
to make you feel anymore like you've already

1098
01:42:29.600 --> 01:42:32.159
made it to hill, let's some
stuff up and think about it a bit.

1099
01:42:32.880 --> 01:42:38.479
The devil is an unrecuse. He
thinks he's pretty wise. He's always

1100
01:42:38.520 --> 01:42:42.520
after me, but he ain't figured
on my thighs. He hangs around and

1101
01:42:42.640 --> 01:42:45.199
hangs around and shoot me full of
sin, but he might as well be

1102
01:42:45.319 --> 01:42:51.000
on his way. I'll never let
him. I'll never let's devil win.

1103
01:42:51.199 --> 01:42:58.079
I'll never mess around with him.
He may try me from the outside,

1104
01:42:58.079 --> 01:43:05.840
he may try me from within,
but never devil win. Hell is empty,

1105
01:43:06.199 --> 01:43:16.560
and all the devils are here Ariel
Shakespeare's The Tempest. Here are observations

1106
01:43:16.560 --> 01:43:20.960
I've made in my research. The
first time the world saw a devil figure

1107
01:43:21.119 --> 01:43:28.760
came from Zoroastrianism. Historian and religious
studies scholar Jeffrey Burton Russell wrote, quote,

1108
01:43:28.880 --> 01:43:35.119
Ariman is the first real devil in
world religion. End quote. I've

1109
01:43:35.159 --> 01:43:41.880
bet you never heard a song like
admapool. Well, he points me out.

1110
01:43:42.239 --> 01:43:45.279
Most religions in the world didn't have
a figure like that. Hell Judaism

1111
01:43:45.319 --> 01:43:50.800
didn't have a figure like that.
Babylonian myths and legends, Zoroastrianism, and

1112
01:43:50.960 --> 01:43:58.920
the epic of Gilgamesh heavily influenced Jewish
writings both pre but especially post Exhiloic period,

1113
01:43:59.319 --> 01:44:02.399
even down to the first stories in
the Old Testament. And this is

1114
01:44:02.439 --> 01:44:06.279
a point we'll come back to here
and there while putting this comparative mythology into

1115
01:44:06.319 --> 01:44:12.600
context to go into a bit of
detail with things to consider, we have

1116
01:44:12.720 --> 01:44:15.479
no further to look than the story
of Adam and Eve, where the common

1117
01:44:15.479 --> 01:44:19.479
conception is that the devil, in
the form of a snake, seduced Eve

1118
01:44:19.520 --> 01:44:25.079
into eating a forbidden apple. He
slips some fruit into my hands. Say

1119
01:44:25.119 --> 01:44:28.000
that, old boy's a site,
he says, now here's a great,

1120
01:44:28.039 --> 01:44:30.720
big, juicy apple. Will take
a bite. Mis have never bothered me,

1121
01:44:30.760 --> 01:44:33.920
folks, And I'm not going blind, So or dropped it for I

1122
01:44:34.000 --> 01:44:40.399
knew it was a lemon all the
time. I love. Let the devil

1123
01:44:40.479 --> 01:44:45.920
win on. The problem is neither
of these concepts has any basis in Jewish

1124
01:44:45.960 --> 01:44:50.239
scripture. Has pointed out in Part
one, the serpent is never called the

1125
01:44:50.359 --> 01:44:56.479
devil or satan anywhere in the text, and the apple is never called an

1126
01:44:56.479 --> 01:45:00.279
apple. In fact, it wasn't
until the Bible was being trans eat it

1127
01:45:00.279 --> 01:45:04.800
into Latin that the referenced fruit was
named as an apple. Ray and Mobley

1128
01:45:05.000 --> 01:45:10.640
in the Birth of Satan postulate that
since the word for bad in Latin is

1129
01:45:10.720 --> 01:45:15.880
malice and the word for apple is
malum, the apple began to be identified

1130
01:45:15.920 --> 01:45:17.600
with the fruit of the Tree of
Knowledge of good and evil in a sort

1131
01:45:17.600 --> 01:45:30.960
of play on words. Yet the
joy Bone Jason gives us some more detail.

1132
01:45:30.640 --> 01:45:39.399
So in Genesis chapter three we have
the the Fall of Man story where

1133
01:45:39.840 --> 01:45:45.760
Eve is tempted by a serpent who
gets her to eat from the Tree of

1134
01:45:45.840 --> 01:45:50.600
Knowledge, and she then shares this
fruit with Adam. This upsets yahweh.

1135
01:45:50.720 --> 01:45:56.039
They get kicked out of the garden, and the serpent is then cursed with

1136
01:45:56.119 --> 01:46:00.560
having to crawl on its belly,
which kind of doesn't make sense because that's

1137
01:46:00.560 --> 01:46:04.479
what serpents already do, But it's
it's meant to serve as an ideological tale

1138
01:46:04.560 --> 01:46:09.640
for where we got snakes, you
know, and why these weird looking lizards

1139
01:46:09.680 --> 01:46:14.600
don't have any legs. Well,
this is you know, frequently depicted as

1140
01:46:14.680 --> 01:46:17.560
the earliest appearance of Satan. That
it's Satan in the Garden of Eden.

1141
01:46:18.239 --> 01:46:23.920
But the story never says that.
It says that this is a nahash,

1142
01:46:23.960 --> 01:46:29.439
which means a serpent, and it
was never meant to be evil. And

1143
01:46:29.920 --> 01:46:31.359
some people say, oh, well
the serpent lied, but if you actually

1144
01:46:31.399 --> 01:46:35.840
read what it's what it says.
The serpent simply tells them that if they

1145
01:46:35.880 --> 01:46:41.079
eat from the tree of knowledge,
then their eyes will be opened and they'll

1146
01:46:41.079 --> 01:46:45.199
be given knowledge. And then they
eat from it and they can suddenly,

1147
01:46:45.840 --> 01:46:50.319
you know, their eyes are opened, which is a term that we find

1148
01:46:50.399 --> 01:46:56.079
frequently in the wisdom literature. It
doesn't mean that you're you know, you're

1149
01:46:56.199 --> 01:47:00.079
blind, that you couldn't see.
It means that they're blowing the let it

1150
01:47:00.159 --> 01:47:04.760
off. And so what happens is
the serpent tells them to eat of this

1151
01:47:05.079 --> 01:47:10.960
fruit, and they do, and
they suddenly gain more knowledge. This is

1152
01:47:11.199 --> 01:47:17.159
a parallel story to Azazel giving people, you know, the skill of blacksmithing

1153
01:47:17.239 --> 01:47:23.119
and waging war and cosmetics. It's
just sharing of divine knowledge. It's a

1154
01:47:24.239 --> 01:47:28.800
you know, it's a Prometheus type
story. And he actually says, you

1155
01:47:28.800 --> 01:47:31.880
know, the command they had been
told was that if they did this,

1156
01:47:32.159 --> 01:47:35.840
then on that day they would die. And the serpent says, well,

1157
01:47:35.840 --> 01:47:41.800
no, you won't, and of
course they don't die, they continue living.

1158
01:47:42.039 --> 01:47:44.439
And so people are trying to say, okay, well, how is

1159
01:47:44.439 --> 01:47:47.960
it that Satan is like telling the
truth here? Well, it's because it's

1160
01:47:47.960 --> 01:47:55.399
not Satan. This is a serpent
deity named Nahash who used to be worshiped

1161
01:47:55.479 --> 01:48:00.119
in the Jerusalem Temple. And one
of the purposes of this god was to

1162
01:48:00.600 --> 01:48:08.800
guard the tree that was the representation
of Ashera. This was essentially a tree

1163
01:48:09.279 --> 01:48:15.840
that would grant eternal life and divine
knowledge to the gods. This was essentially

1164
01:48:15.840 --> 01:48:18.760
the whole purpose of the Garden of
Eden. It was to be a garden

1165
01:48:18.880 --> 01:48:24.760
for the gods where they would have
their divine fruit that would give them all

1166
01:48:24.760 --> 01:48:30.479
of their superpowers and the knowledge that
they possessed, and the immortality is what

1167
01:48:30.600 --> 01:48:34.199
separated them from humans, which is
why at the end of the chapter,

1168
01:48:34.680 --> 01:48:40.520
Yahweh says, like, imagine what
would have happened if they also ate of

1169
01:48:40.600 --> 01:48:45.640
the fruit of life. They would
have become like us, like the gods.

1170
01:48:46.039 --> 01:48:49.960
That that's the whole purpose of it. It's there to give eternal life

1171
01:48:50.000 --> 01:48:56.560
and divine knowledge to anyone who eats
it, and that separates humans from deities,

1172
01:48:56.800 --> 01:49:03.239
and this deity Nahash or Hushtan would
guard this particular tree that way,

1173
01:49:03.279 --> 01:49:08.600
you know, only certain people could
could eat of this fruit, and if

1174
01:49:08.600 --> 01:49:11.560
you weren't supposed to eat it,
he wouldn't let you. If you were,

1175
01:49:11.840 --> 01:49:15.840
then you could eat the stuff.
And basically like the goddess Asherah or

1176
01:49:15.880 --> 01:49:18.439
some of the other deities could decide
who got to eat it. And we

1177
01:49:18.520 --> 01:49:23.680
find something similar in the epic of
Gilgamesh when he finds the fruit that would

1178
01:49:23.720 --> 01:49:27.560
grant eternal life, and then the
snake comes along and he steals it.

1179
01:49:28.159 --> 01:49:30.199
You know, so then Gilgamesh realize
he's going to have to die the same

1180
01:49:30.239 --> 01:49:36.279
way that Adam and Eve will.
And so this is a similar sort of

1181
01:49:36.279 --> 01:49:42.960
setup. It's a similar deity.
And these serpent gods in the ancient Near

1182
01:49:43.000 --> 01:49:49.159
East were typically associated with wisdom and
healing. And there's a there's another example

1183
01:49:49.199 --> 01:49:58.800
of this in I Believe numbers twenty
one numbers twenty one versus five to six

1184
01:49:58.920 --> 01:50:06.079
I believe, And what happens is
there are some angels or angel snakes that

1185
01:50:06.199 --> 01:50:10.680
attack the Israelites when they're wandering in
the desert because they did something wrong.

1186
01:50:11.760 --> 01:50:18.600
And so Yahweh sends these it's called
saraphum serpents. It's basically fiery snakes,

1187
01:50:19.000 --> 01:50:24.279
maybe cobras, we're not really sure. But they start attacking people, and

1188
01:50:24.479 --> 01:50:31.239
all these people are inventimated and they're
dying, and Yahweh tells Moses to erect

1189
01:50:31.279 --> 01:50:36.319
an idol to the serpent god Nahushtan, and so he makes this big bronze

1190
01:50:36.319 --> 01:50:40.439
serpent and he puts it up on
a pole in the middle of camp,

1191
01:50:40.479 --> 01:50:45.800
and anyone who prays to it is
in cured of their snake bites. And

1192
01:50:46.640 --> 01:50:50.600
the story finishes up by saying that
this little statue was then brought to the

1193
01:50:50.720 --> 01:50:58.840
Jerusalem Temple, where it was still
present today, and it's essentially there to

1194
01:50:58.960 --> 01:51:04.640
try to give a m a y'allwistic
pedigree to the presence of an idol to

1195
01:51:04.720 --> 01:51:09.239
another deity. The story is there
to say, okay, look, we

1196
01:51:09.319 --> 01:51:12.600
know this is another god, and
we know that you're praying to it and

1197
01:51:12.720 --> 01:51:17.119
making offerings to it and everything else, and it's okay because y'away said it

1198
01:51:17.159 --> 01:51:21.560
was okay. Back when Moses,
you know, first built the idol,

1199
01:51:23.439 --> 01:51:27.640
whereas originally it would have been you
know, people were suffering from some ailment

1200
01:51:27.800 --> 01:51:30.680
and an idol was erected and they
prayed to it and it cured them.

1201
01:51:31.079 --> 01:51:35.399
And the story didn't have anything to
do with Yahweh because in here it's it's

1202
01:51:35.439 --> 01:51:44.319
sort of a clumsy adaptation because Yahweh
sent the curse and then Nehushton overpowered the

1203
01:51:44.399 --> 01:51:47.560
curse. So it's almost like Nehushtan
is more powerful than Yahweh. And so

1204
01:51:47.680 --> 01:51:53.680
the authors are that the redactors of
these stories, they kind of they didn't

1205
01:51:53.680 --> 01:51:57.640
do the best job, you know, so it kind of doesn't really make

1206
01:51:57.640 --> 01:52:00.399
too much sense to be pro Yahweh, but it was the best they could

1207
01:52:00.399 --> 01:52:05.359
do because they had to explain why
people were still worshiping a bronze serpent in

1208
01:52:05.439 --> 01:52:14.399
the Jerusalem Temple. And eventually this
bronze idol and the worshiped to Nehushton was

1209
01:52:14.600 --> 01:52:17.359
ended and the idol was tossed out. And we have a reference to that,

1210
01:52:17.640 --> 01:52:25.079
I believe in the story of I
Think Hazekaya, where he goes through

1211
01:52:25.079 --> 01:52:28.199
he institutes these reforms, and they
take a bunch of the idols out of

1212
01:52:28.199 --> 01:52:30.720
the temple and they get rid of
them, and I believe they throw them

1213
01:52:30.720 --> 01:52:35.399
all in a valley and destroy them. But this idea. You know,

1214
01:52:35.680 --> 01:52:40.720
as Yaoism became more prominent, they
were getting rid of these other idols,

1215
01:52:41.560 --> 01:52:45.479
you know, and the god Nehushtan
was one of the ones that gets tossed

1216
01:52:45.479 --> 01:52:49.520
out. This sort of set up
a sort of rivalry between the priests of

1217
01:52:50.119 --> 01:52:58.239
Nehushtan and the priests of Yahweh.
And so as these Nehushtan priests are no

1218
01:52:58.319 --> 01:53:01.520
longer welcome, you know, they
either have to just only worship Yahweh or

1219
01:53:01.800 --> 01:53:08.920
get out, then their their deity
was essentially demonized. And they're saying,

1220
01:53:08.920 --> 01:53:12.640
oh, well, you know,
the Nohushtan, you know, he wasn't

1221
01:53:12.680 --> 01:53:16.359
just you know, another deity.
It was a false god or in some

1222
01:53:16.399 --> 01:53:20.800
cases he was evil. And we
even find references in various spots in the

1223
01:53:20.800 --> 01:53:29.199
Bible where they equate Nehushtan to Leviathan
and they call both of them, uh,

1224
01:53:29.680 --> 01:53:33.640
the twisting Serpent. And so it's
almost say, oh, yeah,

1225
01:53:33.640 --> 01:53:39.760
this wasn't just a god you know
that you worshiped. This was like an

1226
01:53:39.439 --> 01:53:46.800
evil agent of chaos. And so
because of this link that was essentially there

1227
01:53:46.840 --> 01:53:57.279
to um to disparage this one deity, this serpent eventually becomes linked with Leviathan,

1228
01:53:57.439 --> 01:54:02.439
and thus with Satan, and that's
how you end up with the Eden

1229
01:54:02.600 --> 01:54:09.279
story, where it's actually about a
bunch of people who sort of get in

1230
01:54:09.359 --> 01:54:13.239
some ways liberated. They gain new
knowledge. They can then go off and

1231
01:54:13.239 --> 01:54:16.960
start civilization. They understand all these
things they learn about procreation. You get

1232
01:54:16.960 --> 01:54:20.680
a whole race of people because of
this. Their eyes are opened, they

1233
01:54:20.720 --> 01:54:25.640
have better understanding, and this is
how, you know, basically a bunch

1234
01:54:25.640 --> 01:54:30.760
of monkeys become humans. Now it's
turned into the story about the fall.

1235
01:54:31.079 --> 01:54:38.840
Everything was perfect and now it's all
corrupt, and you know, so that

1236
01:54:39.039 --> 01:54:44.840
this snake is in a way blamed
as the origin of evil, when originally

1237
01:54:44.920 --> 01:54:50.079
it was just a protector of divine
knowledge who guarded the garden of the gods

1238
01:54:50.800 --> 01:55:00.600
and also helped you cure yourself from
snake bites. It wasn't until the testamental

1239
01:55:00.640 --> 01:55:04.279
apocryphal literature that the snake is connected
to the devil, in particular the Life

1240
01:55:04.279 --> 01:55:10.720
of Adam and Eve and the Wisdom
of Solomon. Gerald Massadaye goes on to

1241
01:55:10.760 --> 01:55:15.800
say that the expulsion story is illogical, asking questions such as why would God

1242
01:55:15.840 --> 01:55:19.520
consider knowing the difference between good and
evil bad enough to keep it from his

1243
01:55:19.600 --> 01:55:27.159
creation when demanding the fear of God
makes that knowledge necessary. And what motive

1244
01:55:27.239 --> 01:55:30.359
did the snake have? It just
shows up, tells Eve it's fine to

1245
01:55:30.359 --> 01:55:34.680
eat the fruit and is never mentioned
again. And finally, if the snake

1246
01:55:34.880 --> 01:55:40.039
was evil or even the devil,
how did it get in the earthly paradise

1247
01:55:40.159 --> 01:55:45.399
God created? And when did evil
come into the picture. The Hebrew Bible

1248
01:55:45.600 --> 01:55:50.279
paints God as the original bad guy
Isaiah forty five seven. I form the

1249
01:55:50.359 --> 01:55:56.159
light and create darkness. I make
peace and create evil. I the Lord

1250
01:55:56.439 --> 01:56:02.159
do all these things Amos six.
Shall a trumpet be blown in the city

1251
01:56:02.199 --> 01:56:06.119
and the people not be afraid?
Shall there be evil in a city?

1252
01:56:06.119 --> 01:56:12.640
And the Lord hath not done it? First Samuel sixteen fourteen. But the

1253
01:56:12.680 --> 01:56:15.640
spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord

1254
01:56:15.680 --> 01:56:21.079
troubled him. Gerald Massardier, making
a point that stands for the whole Old

1255
01:56:21.119 --> 01:56:27.680
Testament, wrote quote, the Creator
was acting like a feckless despot. The

1256
01:56:27.760 --> 01:56:31.520
first book thus portrays God as an
angry, tyrant, wrathful and unjust,

1257
01:56:31.880 --> 01:56:36.239
a stranger to the idea of forgiveness, who, in his ire decides to

1258
01:56:36.319 --> 01:56:43.560
drown the whole world end quote.
Any reference to Satan as the antithesis to

1259
01:56:43.640 --> 01:56:48.079
God appearing in the Old Testament has
been applied retroactively and ignores the fact that

1260
01:56:48.119 --> 01:56:54.680
God created him and he is just
following orders. The bad guy Satan was

1261
01:56:54.800 --> 01:56:59.800
created to make God look better.
Massardier goes on to point out the oddity

1262
01:56:59.840 --> 01:57:03.800
of Jesus being tested by the Devil
in the Gospels. To him, it

1263
01:57:03.840 --> 01:57:10.239
makes no sense for three reasons that
Jesus's divinity was being questioned. That the

1264
01:57:10.319 --> 01:57:14.199
devil comes across as stupid, testing
the son of God while knowing he would

1265
01:57:14.239 --> 01:57:17.800
not be successful, and that Jesus
didn't use his magical powers to get rid

1266
01:57:17.800 --> 01:57:21.720
of the devil, nor did he
perform a single simple miracle that would have

1267
01:57:21.720 --> 01:57:27.560
shut the devil up then and there. To massadier it was a crappy attempt

1268
01:57:27.640 --> 01:57:30.960
to introduce the world to the devil
as the ultimate evil, one worthy to

1269
01:57:31.039 --> 01:57:38.079
be the opponent of God. This
new villain, carelessly appropriated from the Essene

1270
01:57:38.159 --> 01:57:45.159
dualism of the Intertestamental period, acts
bizarrely arbitrarily doing things to people with no

1271
01:57:45.319 --> 01:57:51.319
clear purpose other than to serve as
an entity to dislike. Again, the

1272
01:57:51.439 --> 01:57:57.560
need for a villain arose from the
unavoidable question of theodyssey, or the defense

1273
01:57:57.600 --> 01:58:01.439
of God's goodness and omnipotence in the
view of the existence of evil, and

1274
01:58:01.520 --> 01:58:08.840
in this case the evil perpetrated by
God himself, it seems the answer for

1275
01:58:08.920 --> 01:58:13.840
authors at that time was to temper
God's wrath and shortcomings and assign them to

1276
01:58:13.840 --> 01:58:17.880
another being. This is very clear
in the books of Chronicles and Jubilees,

1277
01:58:18.239 --> 01:58:24.119
which sought to rewrite earlier stories to
make God look like less of a douche.

1278
01:58:25.399 --> 01:58:30.800
Jason swoops in with a refresher So
at this time the Jewish people are

1279
01:58:31.119 --> 01:58:38.359
drifting away from polytheism and into monotheism. But when you do this you run

1280
01:58:38.359 --> 01:58:45.359
into the problem of explaining where evil
comes from. And their concept of evil

1281
01:58:45.520 --> 01:58:51.279
is a bit different from people in
Christianity. So in Christianity, evil is

1282
01:58:53.119 --> 01:59:00.359
it's basically like a wickedness. But
it wasn't that restricted. In you know,

1283
01:59:00.399 --> 01:59:05.600
ancient Judaism, evil just meant anything
bad. So a natural disaster,

1284
01:59:06.680 --> 01:59:12.800
the word for a disaster, for
calamity, for misfortune, all those it

1285
01:59:12.840 --> 01:59:15.439
was all the same word, and
it's the same word that they used for

1286
01:59:15.520 --> 01:59:20.960
evil, and so evil didn't just
mean, you know, someone was plotting

1287
01:59:21.000 --> 01:59:26.760
something wicked. It It could just
mean that they were going to do something

1288
01:59:26.840 --> 01:59:30.680
that might inconvenience you, and that
maybe they're invading your city, you know,

1289
01:59:30.960 --> 01:59:36.800
or maybe there's a hurricane that's about
to hit New Orleans that is considered

1290
01:59:36.840 --> 01:59:42.680
an evil, and it doesn't mean
that it comes from some supernatural evil.

1291
01:59:43.159 --> 01:59:46.840
It just means that it's bad news. And so their definition of evil was

1292
01:59:47.000 --> 01:59:53.159
much more expansive. But they came
into this theological problem with explaining where that

1293
01:59:53.279 --> 01:59:59.720
comes from. In the past,
and in most polytheistic cultures, you have,

1294
02:00:00.439 --> 02:00:03.359
you know, an easy way out. If you worship a certain deity,

1295
02:00:03.600 --> 02:00:09.359
like say Harrah, and something bad
happens, well you could blame that

1296
02:00:09.399 --> 02:00:13.159
on Aries, you know. Oh
well, you know Aries caused this army

1297
02:00:13.199 --> 02:00:17.960
to come in here and invade or
whatever Hephestus made that spark fly out of

1298
02:00:18.039 --> 02:00:23.800
my fireplace and burn down the house, you know. So these things were

1299
02:00:23.800 --> 02:00:27.640
a lot easier to deal with.
You just blamed it on some other deity,

1300
02:00:27.720 --> 02:00:31.720
and that's what people did. But
the Jews had gotten rid of all

1301
02:00:31.760 --> 02:00:36.079
of their other deities, Moat and
all the others. They had been shoved

1302
02:00:36.119 --> 02:00:42.720
aside, and they no longer worshiped
them, They no longer some didn't even

1303
02:00:42.720 --> 02:00:46.359
acknowledge that they existed. So now
they have the problem where does evil come

1304
02:00:46.439 --> 02:00:53.640
from? You know, your disaster
and calamity and misfortune, And borrowing this

1305
02:00:53.800 --> 02:00:58.079
Persian idea would definitely help because now
they could blame it on someone else.

1306
02:00:58.800 --> 02:01:03.079
And we see the first inklings of
this popping up around the time that the

1307
02:01:03.199 --> 02:01:11.279
chronicler is rewriting the books of Samuel
and Kings. So we have four books,

1308
02:01:11.920 --> 02:01:15.920
first and Second Samuel and First and
Second Kings, and this tells the

1309
02:01:15.960 --> 02:01:21.079
story of the entire Jewish monarchy,
starting with King Saul and going all the

1310
02:01:21.119 --> 02:01:29.079
way up to the destruction of Jerusalem
by the Babylonians. And during this whole

1311
02:01:29.119 --> 02:01:34.479
period, the whole thing gets rewritten
by a levitical priest or a group of

1312
02:01:34.560 --> 02:01:42.920
levitical priests, and they retell the
story of those four books to serve their

1313
02:01:42.960 --> 02:01:49.840
own theological purposes. And by this
point the idea of the Satan as a

1314
02:01:49.960 --> 02:01:57.319
sort of scapegoat begins to show up. And what we have that there's a

1315
02:01:57.319 --> 02:02:01.359
perfect example of this. We see
the first telling of the story in Second

1316
02:02:01.479 --> 02:02:10.000
Samuel, chapter twenty four, and
what happens is Yahweh commands David to conduct

1317
02:02:10.079 --> 02:02:14.439
a census, and he does this
because he's angry at Israel, and we're

1318
02:02:14.439 --> 02:02:18.359
never told why, but he commands
David to conduct a census. David does

1319
02:02:18.439 --> 02:02:21.920
so, and after he counts all
the people in the nation and he comes

1320
02:02:21.960 --> 02:02:30.399
back with the final count, Yahweh
gets upset that he conducted the census as

1321
02:02:30.479 --> 02:02:35.760
commanded, so he sends the Angel
of Death to come in and kill seventy

1322
02:02:35.880 --> 02:02:43.000
thousand Israelites. David then has to
go to the threshing floor of this one

1323
02:02:43.039 --> 02:02:47.840
little place where they process grain,
conduct a sacrifice and appease Yahweh, and

1324
02:02:48.159 --> 02:02:55.479
yahwehvan backs off. He recalls the
Angel of Death and the pestilence, the

1325
02:02:55.560 --> 02:03:00.479
disease, the plague that's killing all
the Israelites, it sea, and everything

1326
02:03:00.520 --> 02:03:06.760
goes back to normal. When it's
retold in First Chronicles twenty one, it

1327
02:03:06.880 --> 02:03:14.800
tells us that Yahweh didn't conduct a
census. A Satan angel came in and

1328
02:03:15.000 --> 02:03:19.439
told him to conduct a census.
So this lets Yahweh off the hook.

1329
02:03:19.520 --> 02:03:26.560
He didn't command it, but instead
it becomes a test, as we find

1330
02:03:26.600 --> 02:03:31.560
in Job where this other angel is
basically like, hey, David, you

1331
02:03:31.560 --> 02:03:34.239
know, why don't you, Why
don't you do something wrong and go conduct

1332
02:03:34.239 --> 02:03:42.199
a census. Then Yahweh can punish
him for falling for the Satan's trick,

1333
02:03:43.279 --> 02:03:47.600
and so Yahweh then is essentially exonerated. It lets him off the hooks.

1334
02:03:47.640 --> 02:03:53.680
He didn't command David to do this, He didn't want a census. A

1335
02:03:53.920 --> 02:04:00.680
satan tested David's loyalty because I guess
David should have known that we didn't want

1336
02:04:00.680 --> 02:04:03.279
to census, but instead he did
what this angel told him to do.

1337
02:04:04.119 --> 02:04:12.000
And so the same story is told, but this new figure is inserted into

1338
02:04:12.039 --> 02:04:16.800
the story to let Yahweh off the
hook and to sort of wash his hands

1339
02:04:16.840 --> 02:04:21.640
of it. So Yahweh's actions are
now passed on to the actions of this

1340
02:04:21.680 --> 02:04:28.920
other figure. And this is sort
of the origin of the Satan figure.

1341
02:04:29.680 --> 02:04:34.680
He's basically put in there to take
the wicked things that are seen to be

1342
02:04:34.720 --> 02:04:42.359
the works of God and push them
off on another character. And it's sort

1343
02:04:42.399 --> 02:04:47.840
of the beginnings of a I guess
the beginnings of a mental split. You

1344
02:04:48.319 --> 02:04:54.279
you would have the good ideas of
a deity, and then you would have

1345
02:04:54.760 --> 02:04:59.680
the bad deeds, and you need
to separate them and This is where we

1346
02:04:59.720 --> 02:05:03.920
really see the beginnings of it is
in this part right here, where the

1347
02:05:03.960 --> 02:05:11.920
wicked actions of the deity are being
extracted from him and passed off onto another

1348
02:05:12.000 --> 02:05:15.039
figure. Now, the Satan is
an evil. He was just there to

1349
02:05:15.239 --> 02:05:18.800
tempt David to see if he was
actually going to do the right thing or

1350
02:05:18.840 --> 02:05:23.560
not. And David failed the test, and that's why the nation of Israel's

1351
02:05:23.680 --> 02:05:29.359
punished. But we do see the
beginnings of that split in the idea,

1352
02:05:29.479 --> 02:05:35.000
And there's actually something similar to that
in Zoroastrianism, where Hara Mazda and Araman

1353
02:05:35.279 --> 02:05:41.239
were basically two versions of the same
great spirit, the good side and the

1354
02:05:41.239 --> 02:05:45.319
bad side, and they separate.
It's very similar to what we have going

1355
02:05:45.359 --> 02:05:47.680
on in there. And this serves
the theological purpose. You now take the

1356
02:05:47.720 --> 02:05:56.840
first steps towards blaming disaster and calamity
and disease on someone other than Yahweh,

1357
02:05:56.840 --> 02:06:00.319
because before this we had the idea
like in Isaiah forty five seven, where

1358
02:06:00.399 --> 02:06:05.560
Yahwah says I form the light and
create darkness, I make peace and create

1359
02:06:05.720 --> 02:06:11.720
evil. I Yahweh do all these
things. It was all under the purview

1360
02:06:11.760 --> 02:06:15.800
of one God. And with this
you can separate it out into two distinct

1361
02:06:15.880 --> 02:06:21.800
figures. And so while the Satan
still works for Yahweh, Yahweh's hands are

1362
02:06:21.920 --> 02:06:28.359
clean of those deeds. So the
Satan is basically testing you. And that's

1363
02:06:28.359 --> 02:06:32.119
where evil comes from. And Jason
briefly mentioned it, and I told you

1364
02:06:32.159 --> 02:06:34.359
in part one we'd be coming back
to it. And now it's time to

1365
02:06:34.359 --> 02:06:41.119
pay the fiddler who Osaizel is a
name that is sometimes attributed to the devil,

1366
02:06:41.680 --> 02:06:44.800
And you're never gonna believe this,
but it never was the Devil.

1367
02:06:45.760 --> 02:06:48.880
I'll explain what it actually was here
shortly. But the earliest connection to devilry

1368
02:06:49.039 --> 02:06:54.760
seems to have come from first Enoch, where Isaisl was a leader of the

1369
02:06:54.800 --> 02:07:00.079
fallen Angels who taught humans warfare and
weapon smithing, makeup which craft, how

1370
02:07:00.079 --> 02:07:04.760
to play yuker, and was in
turn taught BDSM by the archangel Raphael and

1371
02:07:04.920 --> 02:07:11.520
chained to jagged rocks in the darkness
of Dudaiel, a place in the underworld

1372
02:07:11.520 --> 02:07:16.119
like Tartarus ord Gehenna. In fact, the text goes so far as to

1373
02:07:16.159 --> 02:07:20.279
say, quote the whole earth has
been corrupted through the works that were taught

1374
02:07:20.319 --> 02:07:30.079
by Azazel to him. Ascribe all
sin end quote sounds pretty Promethean, probably

1375
02:07:30.079 --> 02:07:39.079
because it was, but he wasn't
the devil. Not until Origin of Alexandria

1376
02:07:39.159 --> 02:07:43.920
in the third century CE was he
equated with the devil, along with Nomineitas

1377
02:07:44.039 --> 02:07:48.600
in the thirteenth century, who identified
him as a demon. Interestingly, the

1378
02:07:48.720 --> 02:07:54.880
name is also found in Islamic literature, though not in the Quran, not

1379
02:07:54.920 --> 02:07:59.640
to be confused with Azazil, which
was another name for Eblis or the devil.

1380
02:07:59.760 --> 02:08:03.760
In Islam, Asaizel was an angel
who almost turned his back on heaven.

1381
02:08:05.479 --> 02:08:11.800
No. Originally, Azazel was a
place where a scapegoat was sent in

1382
02:08:11.880 --> 02:08:18.119
an old Jewish ritual during Yam Kapur, detailed in Leviticus chapter sixteen. The

1383
02:08:18.239 --> 02:08:22.000
ritual involved two goats, one of
which would be sacrificed to Yahweh, while

1384
02:08:22.039 --> 02:08:26.079
the other would have a priest grab
its head, pronounce all the sins of

1385
02:08:26.119 --> 02:08:30.840
Israel and its people over it,
and send it off into the wilderness or

1386
02:08:31.039 --> 02:08:35.279
possibly toss it off a cliff.
Thus the goat takes the sins with it,

1387
02:08:35.439 --> 02:08:41.239
thereby cleansing the people of the filth
on their souls. Hence scapegoating,

1388
02:08:41.359 --> 02:08:48.000
singling something out and absolving yourself of
blame. It wasn't too much of a

1389
02:08:48.079 --> 02:08:52.760
leap to translate that idea onto a
figure, just like it wasn't a leap

1390
02:08:52.800 --> 02:08:56.079
to borrow stories and ideas from Mesopotamia
and Persia, like the idea of the

1391
02:08:56.119 --> 02:09:01.239
immortality of the soul, for instance, concept going all the way back to

1392
02:09:01.319 --> 02:09:05.960
Vedism. The Zoroastrian idea that a
soul is immortal seeped into Jewish teachings and

1393
02:09:07.119 --> 02:09:11.840
ultimately into Christian theology. Couple that
with some Greek influence of orphism, a

1394
02:09:11.960 --> 02:09:16.039
wild set of religious beliefs that could
be its own episode, and you can

1395
02:09:16.079 --> 02:09:22.720
really see the roots of Christianity forming. Orphism seem to lend the idea of

1396
02:09:22.760 --> 02:09:26.600
good versus evil, original sin,
and humanity trying to regain its divinity to

1397
02:09:26.680 --> 02:09:33.880
attain salvation. If you'll pardon the
brevity of the example, I don't think

1398
02:09:33.880 --> 02:09:37.800
we can know how much truly influenced
the creation of the devil as a complete

1399
02:09:37.920 --> 02:09:41.840
entity at the time, but suffice
it to say there were many and even

1400
02:09:41.880 --> 02:09:46.319
the concept eventually branched off, with
different versions taking on lives of their own.

1401
02:09:48.560 --> 02:09:50.680
Just like we discussed with the looks
of the Devil, the idea of

1402
02:09:50.680 --> 02:09:56.680
the devil is a chaos monster,
a chimera of concept straight from the blender

1403
02:09:56.720 --> 02:10:03.159
of countless theologies after soaking in centuries
of story telling. The Sadier does not

1404
02:10:03.279 --> 02:10:07.119
mince words with that in mind.
Quote that the notion of the devil as

1405
02:10:07.159 --> 02:10:13.199
God's enemy was borrowed is certain,
since the very idea was alien to ancient

1406
02:10:13.279 --> 02:10:18.199
Judaism, yet it began to manifest
itself the moment the identity of the Jewish

1407
02:10:18.199 --> 02:10:24.600
people was threatened. Quote. Judaism
at the time was not concerned with an

1408
02:10:24.640 --> 02:10:31.199
individual's redemption, Therefore there wasn't much
need for a devil. However, Christianity

1409
02:10:31.279 --> 02:10:35.199
became all about redemption and thus needed
a figure to fight against, a role

1410
02:10:35.279 --> 02:10:41.800
that devil fit perfectly. To fortify
their position, Jewish authors had to rework

1411
02:10:41.840 --> 02:10:46.279
the heavenly employee Satan of the Old
Testament into something more useful that would ultimately

1412
02:10:46.319 --> 02:10:52.800
be a huge part of Christian theology. Thus God could be written as a

1413
02:10:52.800 --> 02:10:58.199
pleasant, non wrathful, non temperamental
being going forward, and the devil gets

1414
02:10:58.199 --> 02:11:05.039
to be the scapegoat. Then,
as Christianity developed, church leaders started questioning

1415
02:11:05.119 --> 02:11:11.039
certain aspects, likely in the hopes
of bolstering the church's position, but the

1416
02:11:11.039 --> 02:11:16.920
Odyssey was a hot topic, with
perhaps the biggest question being when did evil

1417
02:11:16.000 --> 02:11:22.840
first appear. Assyrian theologian Tatian wrote
in the second century CE that the devil

1418
02:11:22.920 --> 02:11:28.159
fell from grace first, which caused
others to fall, including man. Roman

1419
02:11:28.279 --> 02:11:35.159
Christian author Lactantius argued in the fourth
century CE that quote the creative will of

1420
02:11:35.199 --> 02:11:39.760
God desired two antagonistic spirits, one
as the principle of good, the other

1421
02:11:39.800 --> 02:11:43.920
as the principle of evil end quote
to him, God created evil from the

1422
02:11:43.960 --> 02:11:50.520
get go, But no one could
really agree when the fall happened or when

1423
02:11:50.600 --> 02:11:54.800
evil came into the picture. Was
it before the fall after? Because of

1424
02:11:54.960 --> 02:12:01.520
if the devil rejected God, then
surely that meant evil was around before him.

1425
02:12:01.840 --> 02:12:05.560
Was he the cause of it or
was he the effect of it?

1426
02:12:05.560 --> 02:12:11.640
It was a conundrum of pure existentialism, with theologians wondering whether the devil's existence

1427
02:12:11.000 --> 02:12:18.439
had preceded his essence or vice versa, and in trying to explain this cobbled

1428
02:12:18.479 --> 02:12:24.880
together belief church leaders eventually throughout all
sorts of ideas up to and including evil

1429
02:12:24.000 --> 02:12:31.039
hierarchies, and demonology. With the
benefit of hindsight, we can observe that

1430
02:12:31.439 --> 02:12:37.960
historically evil has always been associated with
what was Different authors of the Hebrew Bible

1431
02:12:39.039 --> 02:12:43.479
portray this concept here and there,
but it's definitely evident in the Intertestamental period

1432
02:12:43.520 --> 02:12:48.159
and after, like in the Kumaran
literature of the Dead Sea scrolls recall the

1433
02:12:48.279 --> 02:12:54.119
sons of light versus sons of darkness
on the War Scroll. The New Testament

1434
02:12:54.199 --> 02:12:56.960
starts hot with this concept as well, with the Book of Matthew throwing shade

1435
02:12:56.960 --> 02:13:01.960
at fellow Jews who didn't agree with
the directions some aspects of the religion were

1436
02:13:01.960 --> 02:13:05.960
going. The bigger the divide,
the more the devil was involved in leading

1437
02:13:05.960 --> 02:13:11.520
one's enemy astray. You can find
this idea all over Paul's writings as well,

1438
02:13:11.800 --> 02:13:16.760
and you can clearly chart the evolution
of a culture's gods and goddesses becoming

1439
02:13:16.760 --> 02:13:22.760
another culture's demons and devils through historical
ages. You see it with but all

1440
02:13:22.399 --> 02:13:28.039
ashtarref Pan basically any god that wasn't
the Christian God during periods of colonization.

1441
02:13:30.399 --> 02:13:35.920
It didn't just happen with Christianity,
though Old Tibetan gods became demons when Buddhism

1442
02:13:35.000 --> 02:13:41.079
took over, for example, but
the idea that anything different is demonic is

1443
02:13:41.119 --> 02:13:45.880
not one humanity has been able to
escape. Sadly, as mentioned in Part

1444
02:13:46.000 --> 02:13:50.920
one, Joan of ARC's actions were
deemed demonic. Countless false accusations of witches

1445
02:13:50.920 --> 02:13:56.119
and sorcerers have been leveled throughout history. The Kathars also mentioned Part one as

1446
02:13:56.119 --> 02:14:01.239
well as the Templars were not the
right flavor of Christian so had to be

1447
02:14:01.279 --> 02:14:09.359
massacred. Jews have been targeted as
evil since pretty much forever. In modern

1448
02:14:09.399 --> 02:14:13.279
American culture, Homosexuals, transsexuals,
and pretty much anyone who isn't a straight

1449
02:14:13.319 --> 02:14:18.680
white Christian is demonized by a significant
chunk of the population. And if you

1450
02:14:18.720 --> 02:14:24.479
don't believe me, believe the laws
that are being passed seemingly each week to

1451
02:14:24.600 --> 02:14:31.119
disenfranchise and marginalize these people. And
today it comes from the lazy demonization of

1452
02:14:31.199 --> 02:14:37.279
political rivals. Anything that is in
us, anyone that thinks or acts differently

1453
02:14:37.279 --> 02:14:41.199
than us, is in league with
the devil. Tale as old as time,

1454
02:14:41.039 --> 02:14:54.960
and thus the devil became a political
tool. Even a generous analysis of

1455
02:14:56.079 --> 02:15:00.560
Intertestamental writings will show that the devil
was a basic way of person find one's

1456
02:15:00.640 --> 02:15:05.640
enemies. The king you don't agree
with the foreign nation that is hostile to

1457
02:15:05.680 --> 02:15:09.680
you. The boss that fired you, the McDonald's worker who forgot the barbecue

1458
02:15:09.680 --> 02:15:13.720
sauce for your nuggets. They're all
in league with the devil. But the

1459
02:15:13.760 --> 02:15:18.520
bigger picture is that this concept could
be manipulated by those in power. Governments

1460
02:15:18.560 --> 02:15:24.720
could rally their people by pointing the
foreign devil out. Politicians could gain votes

1461
02:15:26.039 --> 02:15:31.840
by equating opponents with the devil.
Televangelists could buy private jets by scaring money

1462
02:15:31.840 --> 02:15:35.279
out of their followers with threats of
the devil coming to get them if they

1463
02:15:35.279 --> 02:15:41.000
don't send a crisp new hundred dollar
bill today, not tonight, not tomorrow,

1464
02:15:41.720 --> 02:15:46.079
not when pay day gets here.
Now, God has blessed me with

1465
02:15:46.319 --> 02:15:52.439
seventeen cars because of how hard I
fight the devil la and he rewards those

1466
02:15:52.800 --> 02:15:58.880
that helped themselves and me. So
help yourself by sending a hundred better make

1467
02:16:00.000 --> 02:16:05.560
that two hundred dollars to me today. Yeah, every dollars center is another

1468
02:16:05.680 --> 02:16:11.880
kick on that old devil's behind.
This is another concept you can find in

1469
02:16:11.960 --> 02:16:18.800
different cultures through history. Egyptian pharaoh's
post fifth dynasty decided what was evil,

1470
02:16:18.960 --> 02:16:24.239
usually their rivals or anything they didn't
like. Islam preached that anything that stopped

1471
02:16:24.279 --> 02:16:28.840
short of complete submission to Allah,
including any individuality, was satanic. It

1472
02:16:30.000 --> 02:16:35.440
was either followed the law of Islam
or follow into the devil's clutches. The

1473
02:16:35.559 --> 02:16:39.520
Catholic Church used the devil's propaganda to
target its enemies and justify filling its coffers.

1474
02:16:41.840 --> 02:16:46.600
The devil also served particularly useful for
excusing forced conversions and countless massacres.

1475
02:16:48.600 --> 02:16:52.959
There is power in wielding the devil, and those in power quickly picked this

1476
02:16:52.079 --> 02:16:58.040
idea up early on. Look at
any authoritarian government through history. If they

1477
02:16:58.040 --> 02:17:03.680
don't outright claim be God's chosen regime, they certainly claim the right to decide

1478
02:17:03.680 --> 02:17:07.399
what is good and what is evil, and, in a familiar refrain,

1479
02:17:07.719 --> 02:17:13.600
anything that goes against their desires is
evil. Theocracies are no different. Even

1480
02:17:13.639 --> 02:17:18.360
back to Zoroastrianism, priests commanded a
huge amount of power, sometimes up to

1481
02:17:18.440 --> 02:17:22.879
and including legislative authority, and still
pointed to Ahriman to terrify the public into

1482
02:17:22.879 --> 02:17:30.520
submission. Mesopotamian priests taught that humiliation
and self abasement, even in thought,

1483
02:17:30.920 --> 02:17:35.120
were the ways to achieve a sin
free life safe from evil. Church relationships

1484
02:17:35.120 --> 02:17:39.760
with monarchies throughout history were always strained, each side jealous and paranoid of the

1485
02:17:39.799 --> 02:17:46.479
other getting the upper hand with the
devil on whoever side you're not. The

1486
02:17:46.559 --> 02:17:52.000
devil was a tool, or perhaps
more accurately, a weapon, to be

1487
02:17:52.079 --> 02:17:58.479
wielded in statecraft. As Gerald Massardier
shrewdly put it, quote, it was

1488
02:17:58.559 --> 02:18:03.280
politics that gave birth to the devil, and the devil is indeed a political

1489
02:18:03.319 --> 02:18:09.879
invention. Quote. So what were
the effects of this invention and subsequent use

1490
02:18:09.920 --> 02:18:13.959
throughout history? Nothing good, I'm
afraid. Let me try and break it

1491
02:18:15.000 --> 02:18:18.319
down a bit and give examples through
history. First of all, connecting the

1492
02:18:18.399 --> 02:18:24.559
devil to the fall of man's story
inexorably connects woman to evil. It wasn't

1493
02:18:24.559 --> 02:18:28.319
a new concept, as one could
argue in ancient Mesopotamia, women had been

1494
02:18:28.360 --> 02:18:31.879
set up to fail by the mythology, such as how they're portrayed in the

1495
02:18:31.959 --> 02:18:37.639
Epic of Gilgamesh. Great wisdom is
displayed by some female characters, including powerful

1496
02:18:37.639 --> 02:18:41.440
goddesses in the work, but perhaps
more so, they are portrayed as Harlot's

1497
02:18:41.600 --> 02:18:48.479
seductresses, temperamental and vindictive. The
Essenes had terrible views on women, not

1498
02:18:48.639 --> 02:18:52.200
only does. The majority of evidence
point to their not even being women allowed

1499
02:18:52.239 --> 02:18:56.120
in their community at Cumran, a
fact even old plenty of the elder attested

1500
02:18:56.159 --> 02:19:01.639
in writings. It also seems they
held zero social status and we're not even

1501
02:19:01.680 --> 02:19:07.159
allowed to study scriptures. And there
is evidence to say they blamed woman for

1502
02:19:07.280 --> 02:19:13.360
all evil because of her role in
the exile from Paradise. Women have had

1503
02:19:13.399 --> 02:19:18.680
an uphill battle in many religions,
especially the Abrahamic ones, and part of

1504
02:19:18.719 --> 02:19:24.120
that is due to this connection to
the devil and evil as a political tool.

1505
02:19:24.799 --> 02:19:30.159
This excuse has been used to suppress
women all through history. As a

1506
02:19:30.159 --> 02:19:35.280
political tool, the devil has been
the impetus for the absolute insanity of the

1507
02:19:35.360 --> 02:19:39.760
Inquisition, which began in France in
the twelfth century CE and lasted at least

1508
02:19:39.799 --> 02:19:46.280
until the mid fifteenth century. We
don't know how many people were murdered in

1509
02:19:46.319 --> 02:19:50.680
the name of God to fight the
devil in this time period, but conservative

1510
02:19:50.760 --> 02:19:54.399
estimates put the number in the hundreds
of thousands. During the three centuries,

1511
02:19:54.440 --> 02:19:58.600
inquisitions were happening all over Europe,
not just the Spanish one, which no

1512
02:19:58.680 --> 02:20:05.600
one expected. A spinoff of this
bloody campaign focused on witchcraft and hunting down

1513
02:20:05.639 --> 02:20:11.040
suspected individuals directly involved with the devil, And who did this effect the most?

1514
02:20:11.040 --> 02:20:16.440
You guessed it, Frank Stallone,
just kidding it was women. Even

1515
02:20:16.559 --> 02:20:22.399
fan Thick was written with this gobbled
gook in mind. Heinrich Kramer and Jacob

1516
02:20:22.440 --> 02:20:26.639
Springer's Mallius Maleficarum The Hammer of Witches, a guide written in fourteen eighty six

1517
02:20:26.639 --> 02:20:31.159
on how to torture and kill anyone
suspected of being in league with the devil

1518
02:20:31.399 --> 02:20:35.120
hell. Even England appointed a cockwaffle
by the name of Matthew Hopkins to the

1519
02:20:35.239 --> 02:20:41.479
role of Witchfinder General in sixteen forty
four. And we can't forget the lunacy

1520
02:20:41.520 --> 02:20:45.920
of the Salem witch trials in sixteen
ninety two, in which twenty five people

1521
02:20:45.959 --> 02:20:50.479
lost their lives, with fifteen before
that in a New England witch hunt craze

1522
02:20:50.520 --> 02:20:56.079
that lasted from sixteen forty five to
sixteen sixty three, and again as a

1523
02:20:56.120 --> 02:21:01.559
political tool, church leaders gleefully promoted
an ex floyded this fear of the devil

1524
02:21:01.879 --> 02:21:07.360
and how easily it caused people to
be manipulated. The chains have not been

1525
02:21:07.360 --> 02:21:13.120
moved that far in modern times,
unfortunately. Take demonic possession for instance,

1526
02:21:13.479 --> 02:21:16.520
something that has popped up throughout history
and continues to be a topic worried about

1527
02:21:16.520 --> 02:21:22.879
even today. Gerald Massarier made a
good point when he wrote, quote,

1528
02:21:22.920 --> 02:21:26.239
if demonic possession were at all real, one would have to ask why it

1529
02:21:26.239 --> 02:21:31.559
afflicts not secretaries of state, famous
writers, or TV hosts, but instead

1530
02:21:33.079 --> 02:21:39.120
only individuals of average intellectual and psychological
status. Either that or Satan is a

1531
02:21:39.159 --> 02:21:46.360
laughable enemy who only consorts with the
weak end quote. Indeed, it seems

1532
02:21:46.399 --> 02:21:50.200
those who hold power are never subjected
to the devil's wrath, but it's the

1533
02:21:50.280 --> 02:21:56.319
church who holds power over determining who
is possessed and who is not. As

1534
02:21:56.399 --> 02:22:01.399
a political tool, the devil has
taken the eyes of political and marginalized enemies.

1535
02:22:01.719 --> 02:22:07.600
And the clear example here is the
Holocaust. Religion was wilded as a

1536
02:22:07.600 --> 02:22:13.680
tool to rally Germans to the Nazi
cause, and even the phrase gott Mun's

1537
02:22:13.239 --> 02:22:20.799
God with us appeared on belt buckles
of the Wehrmacht soldiers, regardless of whether

1538
02:22:20.879 --> 02:22:24.719
or not the soldiers in leadership actually
believed that statement or were devout at all.

1539
02:22:26.079 --> 02:22:30.399
And there is evidence to the contrary. Religion and the fight against evil

1540
02:22:30.719 --> 02:22:35.239
was promoted, and this is a
sentiment we have seen echoed for at least

1541
02:22:35.440 --> 02:22:41.680
the past century, where so much
blood has been spilled for a god against

1542
02:22:41.680 --> 02:22:48.280
a devil, the idea permeates everything
now. In nineteen eighty nine, Larry

1543
02:22:48.360 --> 02:22:52.959
Jones, a Boise, Idaho police
officer and editor of the File eighteen newsletter,

1544
02:22:52.600 --> 02:22:58.879
published the following in order to aid
fellow officers in their pursuit of justice

1545
02:22:58.399 --> 02:23:03.280
when unted with those criminals who are
led or controlled by supernatural evil bees,

1546
02:23:03.399 --> 02:23:09.719
philosophies, or motivations. Traditional police
tools are not effective. If a cop

1547
02:23:09.879 --> 02:23:13.079
is in a head to head confrontation
with the Prince of Darkness or his troops,

1548
02:23:13.479 --> 02:23:16.120
then that cop had better have the
defeater of Satan on his side,

1549
02:23:16.399 --> 02:23:22.680
as well as every bit of spiritual
armor and assistance available. Mike Warkey told

1550
02:23:22.719 --> 02:23:26.159
me that, in his opinion,
the Christian police officers were the best prepared

1551
02:23:26.200 --> 02:23:33.360
to be on the pettig edge in
the fight against Satanic crimes. The devil

1552
02:23:33.440 --> 02:23:37.719
and his henchmen are now walking talking
straw men for people like this to target

1553
02:23:39.159 --> 02:23:43.680
and an excuse to act in strange, often violent ways. But it also

1554
02:23:43.840 --> 02:23:50.079
excuses horrible behavior and in a way
lets people off the hook. Of responsibility.

1555
02:23:50.840 --> 02:23:56.399
Actual pedophiles, serial killers, and
rapists are many times dismissed as satanic

1556
02:23:56.799 --> 02:24:01.280
following the will of the devil or
acting that way because the devil acts through

1557
02:24:01.319 --> 02:24:05.319
them. The obvious mental illness is
almost brushed aside in lieu of the idea

1558
02:24:05.399 --> 02:24:11.000
that evil exists and must be fought
at all times, and in self fulfilling

1559
02:24:11.040 --> 02:24:18.319
prophecy fashion, legitimate psychopaths and bad
people embrace the idea and act like they

1560
02:24:18.360 --> 02:24:24.040
are under guidance of the devil.
This figure has become the god of bad

1561
02:24:24.079 --> 02:24:35.680
behavior, the champion of deadbeats.
So I'll give you my opinion now.

1562
02:24:37.040 --> 02:24:41.920
And if you're here purely for the
academic stuff, now's the time to fast

1563
02:24:41.959 --> 02:24:46.399
forward or stop. And this is
just opinion. There's no fact here,

1564
02:24:46.920 --> 02:24:50.440
but it's an opinion formed after doing
this research and looking at the big picture

1565
02:24:50.879 --> 02:24:54.559
from everything you've just heard. Here's
your chance to pop ahead or pop out.

1566
02:24:54.680 --> 02:25:01.680
If you're not interested in what I
think, all right, well thanks

1567
02:25:01.680 --> 02:25:05.360
for being interested in what I think. Here it is there is no devil.

1568
02:25:05.760 --> 02:25:11.680
There never was. Zoroastrians fabricated the
first idea of the devil. The

1569
02:25:11.719 --> 02:25:16.719
Old Testament never had a figure of
evil in opposition to God's will, and

1570
02:25:16.840 --> 02:25:20.760
there is clear evidence of such a
concept trying to be rhetconned into previous writings.

1571
02:25:22.840 --> 02:25:26.000
The New Testament was written after Jewish
writers decided they needed a figure like

1572
02:25:26.079 --> 02:25:31.719
this so that the God they worshiped
wasn't an almost total prick. Since then,

1573
02:25:31.959 --> 02:25:37.280
the mythology of the devil has exploded
and taken all sorts of forms,

1574
02:25:37.319 --> 02:25:41.719
none of which are real or even
based on the book. These ideas supposedly

1575
02:25:41.760 --> 02:25:46.239
came from. The idea has been
used by people in power to subjugate and

1576
02:25:46.319 --> 02:25:52.000
murder, and continues to be used
that way. It does not adequately explain

1577
02:25:52.120 --> 02:25:54.280
why there is evil in the world, nor why it would be allowed by

1578
02:25:54.319 --> 02:26:01.760
an omnipotent supposedly all good being ray
and mobilely right. Quote Satan is a

1579
02:26:01.799 --> 02:26:07.479
theological coping mechanism end quote, and
that it's quote our own fervent desire to

1580
02:26:07.559 --> 02:26:13.399
believe that ultimately good triumphs over evil
end quote, which keeps the fear of

1581
02:26:13.440 --> 02:26:20.280
life from being too overwhelming. I
think it is a coping mechanism for sure.

1582
02:26:20.280 --> 02:26:24.479
On a personal level, we use
the devil as a lightning rod for

1583
02:26:24.520 --> 02:26:28.280
all the bad things we have little
or no control over in some things we

1584
02:26:28.319 --> 02:26:33.280
do. But it's fear that might
need to be addressed here, not a

1585
02:26:33.319 --> 02:26:39.920
supernatural entity that has been completely fabricated, and ship of theseiast for too millennia.

1586
02:26:39.239 --> 02:26:43.840
Fear of the unknown, fear of
having no control, and fear of

1587
02:26:43.879 --> 02:26:48.120
taking responsibility are what we're grappling with. And blaming it all on a facetious

1588
02:26:48.200 --> 02:26:56.079
being is lazy and dumb. English
novelist Samuel Butler had a great tongue in

1589
02:26:56.159 --> 02:27:01.719
cheek quote quote an apology for the
devil. It must be remembered that we

1590
02:27:01.799 --> 02:27:05.639
have only heard one side of the
case. God has written all the books

1591
02:27:05.639 --> 02:27:11.239
end quote. It's a satire that
Butler was wise enough to know. For

1592
02:27:11.520 --> 02:27:16.760
in truth, Man has written all
the books. Man has made God in

1593
02:27:16.879 --> 02:27:22.639
his image, and sadly man doesn't
realize he's made the devil in his image

1594
02:27:22.680 --> 02:27:28.280
as well. I have to again
quote Massarier here when he wrote, quote

1595
02:27:28.879 --> 02:27:33.239
Satan has nothing to do with any
of this, and God even less.

1596
02:27:33.840 --> 02:27:41.280
It is human idiocy alone. End
quote. That's the devil. A history

1597
02:27:41.840 --> 02:28:03.319
in a gigantic read, completely manufactured
nutshell. And now for the mistranslations that

1598
02:28:03.360 --> 02:28:16.879
have reaked havoc for centuries puns.
If you're thirsty as hell, stop on

1599
02:28:16.000 --> 02:28:28.559
by England's premier devil themed drinking establishment. BL's a pub. I hear there's

1600
02:28:28.559 --> 02:28:31.639
a reboot of an old spaghetti western
where Clint Eastwood is going to play the

1601
02:28:31.719 --> 02:28:35.200
bad man with No Name, pitting
two families against each other, all for

1602
02:28:35.319 --> 02:28:46.040
sinful intentions. Beyond the lookout for
Mephisto. Full of dollars. Turn the

1603
02:28:46.120 --> 02:28:50.799
radio dial to sixty six point six
for all evil seventies music, including hits

1604
02:28:50.879 --> 02:28:56.879
from the band a'ba Don like Water, Lucifer, mamm and Mia and Thank

1605
02:28:56.920 --> 02:29:03.559
You for the Moloch and number one's
from the evil Latin rock guitarist Satana,

1606
02:29:03.000 --> 02:29:07.840
like Oya Como, Father of Lies, Evil Things Come in Our Way,

1607
02:29:09.200 --> 02:29:15.440
and of course Black Magic Woman in
Evil Ways sixty six point six Good music,

1608
02:29:15.600 --> 02:29:24.440
Gone Bad and speaking of music,
Tune in next week on ECMT for

1609
02:29:24.520 --> 02:29:31.239
the Evil Country Music Awards, featuring
performances by Belial love It, Clint Man

1610
02:29:31.239 --> 02:29:37.079
in Black Wayland, Gin Nings,
Tim Plar, mcgrawl, samael kershaw Bell,

1611
02:29:37.120 --> 02:29:48.360
Fha, Garth Brooks and Diablo Red
Allen Them's Puns, Cooled, Hey,

1612
02:29:48.399 --> 02:29:52.079
if you made it this far,
congrats and thank you. I have

1613
02:29:52.159 --> 02:29:56.520
been working on this one for about
four months now. As you can see,

1614
02:29:56.600 --> 02:30:00.639
it's a massive topic, and truthfully, this was just the surface for

1615
02:30:00.680 --> 02:30:03.440
a lot of it. I hope
I gave you something to think about and

1616
02:30:03.520 --> 02:30:07.159
that maybe you learn something new along
the way. If you liked or at

1617
02:30:07.200 --> 02:30:11.559
least respect the work I put into
it, please consider leaving a five star

1618
02:30:11.600 --> 02:30:15.360
review on Apple Podcasts. And if
you go to blurry photos dot org,

1619
02:30:15.639 --> 02:30:18.120
you can find links to follow the
show on social media and other fun stuff,

1620
02:30:18.200 --> 02:30:24.200
like the link to my Twitch channel
and a link to audibletrial dot com

1621
02:30:24.239 --> 02:30:28.360
slash blurry, where you can get
a free audio book download of your choice

1622
02:30:28.680 --> 02:30:31.120
if you sign up for a thirty
day trial membership that you can cancel anytime.

1623
02:30:31.959 --> 02:30:35.600
I have several audiobooks I've narrated on
there, and that would all help

1624
02:30:35.639 --> 02:30:39.000
me if you checked out that link
and or got one of my audiobooks.

1625
02:30:39.840 --> 02:30:46.159
Just click on the little pictures on
the homepage. Make sure to search for

1626
02:30:46.280 --> 02:30:50.319
Hysteria fifty one on your podcatcher to
hear me and Brent Hand discussing forty in

1627
02:30:50.440 --> 02:30:54.799
topics with a heavy dose of humor, and check out Quizquizbang Bang my trivia

1628
02:30:54.840 --> 02:31:00.639
podcast I host with my wife Annie, and I think that'll do it.

1629
02:31:00.719 --> 02:31:05.840
For this episode of Blurry Photos,
I have been devil. Flora, don't

1630
02:31:05.879 --> 02:31:07.600
stop blurring.