For your seven trillion dollars in allegory we two see that there is risk ha
is ninety percent of SMEs that generate eighty percent. Give me 20 minutes of
your time, and I' ll give you information on the most relevant foreign
trade, tax and customs issues. With a human touch and let' s
make a truk, a podcast of malaga TVs and Mexica Hello, how about
good afternoon welcome, let' s barter, as it is at a telese
magas event and Mexico, And well the truth, we start this Monday with
the right foot, with a barter, with a very interesting theme where our
dear master, Guillermo Malpica, accompanies us. How are you, Memo?
I' m so glad you' re joining us again today Hi, Daniela,
very well, thank you very much and very grateful. Let' s
go for the invitation and well, the truth is that one topic that is
very interesting and the truth is that we admire all your experience, which is
the UK' s adherence to Tipat. So, I' m really interested
in knowing how it' s going to impact us, how this is going
to impact trade, and well, who better give us that perspective than you.
So, to give you the word, I don' t know if
you' ll let me read your face. Thank you very much. Master
Guillermo Malpica has more than twenty years of experience in international trade, investment and
international trade negotiations. He is currently good, not up- to- date,
but was executive director of the American Chamber of Commers. Chapter Monterrey.
He served as the trade representative of the Ministry of Economy at the Mexican Embassy
in Washington, where he supported negotiations and defended Mexico' s commercial interests.
He also participated in the negotiation of the Treaty between Mexico, the United States
and Canada as chief negotiator on services, investment, energy and temporary mobility issues.
He was Director General of International Trade in Services and Investment of the Secretariat
of Economy, adviser to the Permanent Mission of Mexico to the UMC in Geneva
and responsible for economic affairs in the representation of the Secretariat Economy in such Canada.
Two thousand six to two thousand seven. He participated in the formulation of
Mexico' s position in different forums and as a negotiator in the free trade
agreements in which Mexico participated as the Mesé, the ogde la lady APEC,
the negotiation, pizza negotiations is, the peaceful and marnization of TELECUEM, the
TPP the TIPAT, to mention the most relevant. Thank you so much,
Mema for being here. It' s an honor for you to be with
us doing a track. On the contrary, Daniela, thank you very much
for the invitation. I got very happy to see my picture towels and my
gray hair on my beard, so I' m very motivated to start this
presentation. I' ll share my screen if that' s okay with you.
To start the presentation, I think you already have permissions, but something
I' m seeing. I can' t get out of my own complete
lack. More we see already if you can not help it also not anymore
well, take advantage while greeting the doctor maximum that when coming down I am
very happy to have here also in sight, the carballito, how they are
happy to have them again here as panelists, as always there are Monday and
Wednesday with Don Guillermo. We couldn' t miss them myself the beings you
' re choosing, it' s happening here is the Ernanita from the Internet.
He' s famous in making his own. It' s true to
see. I think he was just opening up so he wouldn' t let
me share. Now it' s over. Now we' re going to
put it on presentation. That' s where we can see it. No,
it looks great. Well, then, I proposed to share with you
on this subject which, moreover, is of great interest to me, because
it is a subject that is derived from a very ambitious treaty that Mexico negotiated
in some cases I would say the most ambitious and that has continued to mutate
to different configurations of countries. And then I was very curious to learn and,
after learning it, to share with you what has happened with this process
of tipat adherence, with this first example, which is the United Kingdom,
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, what this part is officially called. Well,
let' s talk about where the tipat comes from, what is the
process of accession to this agreement, where is the interest of the United Kingdom
to join antipat and what represents for Mexico this adherence and then some geopolitical reflections.
By way of conclusion, all this I try to say during the presentation
or necessarily in that order, because sometimes during the preparation of the presentation,
as other topics arise that are also worth dealing with, but these four will
surely be treated more by some bonus track at the end that occurred to me
at the end of the presentation. What is the accession process in the near
future? Well, it doesn' t happen that when you have a Free
Trade Agreement, you usually allow or you have to say, whether or not
you allow new members as part of that Treaty. The PIPA has an accession
clause and has already had it right now. Let us see some candidates join
this very ambitious agreement. The United Kingdom applied for membership of the TIPA on
February 2, twenty- one. He was the first to do so formally,
although there had already been press and public expressions of interest from other countries.
The first to do so formally was the United Kingdom, which, moreover,
was seeing a process that we are also going to discuss, therefore,
a very intense process of separation, of a very long, very long relationship
with the European Union and was in that process of transition to having its own
negotiating material and its own international agreements. Then, in this context, a
bilateral negotiation with Mexico and the process of accession to the tips are announced in
principle, after a couple of years of negotiation of two years, two months,
on the thirty- one March of two thousand twenty- three and then
the agreement is signed on the sixteen July of two thousand twenty- three for
those who do not have much information about what these post- negotiation processes are
like. Let' s call him that. After the technical negotiation in a
free trade agreement is concluded, there are a number of steps that are known
as the post- negotiation. That is why sometimes a treaty agreement is announced
and then a few months go by in which the agreement is not yet signed.
This happened between the thirty- first of March and the sixteenth of July,
it is part of this process of negotiations that influences, therefore, to
have the texts clean, to make legal revision, to make translations and,
well, to do all the internal procedures to prepare the signature of each of
the parties. That happened on July 16 of the two thousand and twenty-
three and then there is still an additional process. He didn' t get
into the vigo. It was only signed in the cave. No, then
they have to come into force. And so that it can go live,
well, there are some provisions that are also specified in each of the Treaties
on how the Treaties come into force. We are going to talk about that
of the PIPAT and there is still a need to ratify this agreement through the
internal processes of each country. Some countries, like the United Kingdom, have
to go through Parliament, that is, through the chambers of the UK Parliament,
the House of Lords and the House of Commons. If I am not
mistaken in the case of Mexico, as we all know, international agreements and
treaties only pass through the Mexican Senate, they do not pass through the House
of Deputies. In some other members of the tipat there is only one chamber
in Congress. And in the case of other countries of the tipat, for
example, Malaysia or and the process is much more expeditious, or it should
be much more expeditious, because it does not go through some parliamentary or legislative
process, but it is just a decision of the Executive. In short,
each country has its internal processes to ratify some international agreement and once everyone has
already done so or the majority in the case of treaties that have many countries
that the majority have already done so, then it can already be said when
the Treaty enters into force is treaty, then let' s say the United
Kingdom' s accession to the tipa still does not happen, it does not
yet enter into force. Although it has already been negotiated, it has already
been legally revised, it has already been translated and signed. It does not
yet go through the parliaments or internal processes of each country. In the case
of the UK Parliament, they said that it was expected to be spent in
the second half of the two thousand twenty- four. This ratification process,
since basically is to say whether that power within the State that is ratifying it,
which agrees with or does not agree with the terms and conditions that were
negotiated in the agreement. And if you ratify what the executive did. In
most cases, it is the Executive that negotiates the Treaties, so their attempt
to vigor will be until all countries go through their internal process. And Mexico,
for it has not yet submitted ratification to the Senate. I was talking
with some friends of former negotiators who are already part of the joint room and
they told me that although it has not happened, that it is expected that
soon it will happen, that the executive will soon decide to propose that it
be discussed in the Mexican Senate for ratification. How it happens in the Mexican
Senate, no more to tell them quickly how it happens here, because usually
the text is sent, it is asked to be discussed in the Senate and
according to the law of concluding treaties of treaties and according to the law to
another law that is specified for treaties in economic matters latime, the law of
approval of international treaties in economic matters. The Senate has to conduct a detailed
discussion of the terms and conditions of the agreement. Normally, the Senate is
made up of commissions. Then they decide in the Senate when they receive a
text which commissions should review that agreement in the case of this accession, for
it will be the Asia Pacific Commission, perhaps the European Commission plus some sectoral
commissions, such as the investment one, that of I do not know if
there is one of market access. In short, they define which commissions review
the agreement. Each committee issues an opinion, an opinion is made and that
opinion is taken away from the Senate plenary for discussion, approval and once it
is adopted and all formally ratified in Mexico, this Treaty is not yet happening.
It' s expected to happen soon. Well, this is the process,
let' s say, of accession, but what this is the tipa
For those who don' t know it or haven' t had the opportunity
to read it, it' s possibly one of the best existing mega regional
agreements, not only of Mexico, but existing ones. I would not dare
to say it and that these are these mega- regional agreements, because once
free trade agreements were started to be negotiated, at some point they began to
negotiate as treaties by bringing together treaties. It was a tendency to join treaties,
as it did in Mexico in the case of the treaties with Central America,
which we had three treaties and we made a single treaty with Central America
after a few years and another tendency is that treaties are made between a large
number of countries, which are those that are known as mega regional agreements,
because they usually comprise one region of the world, then they are agreements between
several countries, a large number of countries and, because of their importance,
in the case of tipat, not only by their size, by the number
of countries that make up it twelve and soon with the accession of the United
Kingdom, but not and soon with the injury of the United Kingdom twelve,
but because it corresponds to a market of 500 million people, fifteen percent of
the world pyri and thirteen percent of the world trade. Among these, among
those tipa countries they have all this relative importance in the economy, in the
number of people and in trade who have asked to join the tipa so far
formally has done so the United Kingdom, China, Taipei and Chinese. That
you know this then, that it is an economy that some countries of the
world recognize as an independent country of China, and other countries, including Mexico,
do not recognize as an independent country of mainland China. Let' s
say then it' s called in the agreements of the international organizations Taipei,
Taipei, Chinese and it' s called economy, it' s not called
country not then Chinese tipe, Ecuador, Costa Rica and Uruguay. Only the
United Kingdom has concluded accession negotiations. There are already other economies, such as
South Korea, Thailand and the Philippines, which in fact are not economies,
but are countries that have also publicly expressed their interest in joining, but have
not made the formal and current request. Let' s see how this accession
thing works and how the UK did it. Well, that' s it.
Before that. Let me explain a little bit to Mexico what the Tipat
Comprehensive and Progressive Treaty of Transpacific Association means. It has a name of a
very long and complicated Treaty of Integral and Progressive Transpacific Association in English is more
difficult. That' s CPITITT. It looks like a tongue- teller or,
it looks like the eight- year- old boy crying PITIPIPI and before
it was called TIPIPI, we didn' t give him a name in Spanish.
When it was called TPPE in English it was the Transpacific Partnership, we
didn' t give it a name in Spanish because it didn' t even
give us time to put a name in Spanish. Now for Mexico, it
is the best agreement in several chapters, even better in several chapters than Temach.
I say it is an opinion of the of course personal and one of
the two best negotiated so far, along with the TENEC has the decision to
enter into this negotiation of Mexico, which is above all geopolitical. In fact,
the birth of the TPP is more of a geopolitical strategy event than anything.
Despite that, despite the fact that Mexico considered it important to join this
exercise of an agreement in Asia, with countries in Asia Pacific and with countries
in the Americas, because in addition, the United States was leading the process.
Despite that, Mexico entered the negotiations very late. It is worth saying
that we entered the Fifteenth Round until the Fifteenth Round, that is, from
three to twelve December of two thousand and twelve. I remember very well,
because the first round that came to Mexico, the Round Fifteen, was in
Oakland, in New Zealand, is possibly the furthest place you can go,
being in Mexico on a good plan, in the farthest place you can go.
And then we went out, like, thirty- one, like,
November 30th. She' s not thirty- one. On November 30,
we left Mexico and arrived on November 2. Because of the time difference and
throughout the trip, we arrived on December 2nd in Oakland. Then, and
just then, it was the change of government. Then he stopped, stopped
being President of Felipe Calderón and took office enrique Peña niet just as we were
flying to Oakland in the first round of negotiations. Then we arrived and the
first thing we wrote is that we might not have the same bosses anymore.
They were later ratified, but we arrived at that level of uncertainty to participate
in the first round of negotiations. I remember very well what the main benefits
for Mexico are preferential access to six new markets, i e with six of
those until then. Until then there were, along with Mexico and Canada,
who entered the same round. Fifteen of us were nine countries, not true.
Forgive me, we were already eleven countries. So in those eleven countries
there are six countries with which we have no treaty other than the TPP.
So Australia, New Zealand, Bruneia, Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam, which
are their abbreviations, at least the ones we use in negotiations with those countries.
We didn' t have a treaty. Then. Making a treaty with
the TPP represented six new countries where we could sell our products as Mexican exporters
of goods or services. Products are goods and sawdust. In addition, we
could have access to countries with high purchasing power. Some of them had high
purchasing power with like New Zealand, just new markets for Mexico, such as
Singapore, New Zealand and Australia. We were then entering to play with countries
in the most dynamic region of the world towards the Pacific. We no longer
had treaties with North America, dealing with Europe, but they were regions of
the world that, while very important, were also the regions that were growing
less. The most dynamic region was thus Pacific. Then, finally, we
joined the global value chains of Asia Pacific, when this whole issue of globalization
and global value chains was important. Then we had a pandemic and we had
another series of global events that made us rather think of one more topic of
geographical shortening, of supply chains, which is now known as New Shorting.
But then, in this context also enter the TPP, seen from now on
also becomes an important decision as a door to the United States. Mexico becomes
an imperte to the United States. Well the good Nashorrin which is this tpp
let me tell you also quickly, because the tipa at the end of the
day is the TPPM. In the United States, the formula would be TPP
- like types minus the United States. Then it is an almost cumulative continuous
process to reach TPATS. In other words, it is an idea that starts
to grow since the late 1980s when APEC, the APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
Mechanism, is created. APEC was already talking about some general principles. I
don' t know if you know about this forum, but it' s
a forum that makes up twenty- one economies here, if we talk about
twenty- one economies, because there' s Taiwan, there' s China,
as different parts of the mechanism, and from APEX it was mentioned that
it would be very useful to have a free trade agreement from all of peaceful
Asia. But the EPP mechanism as its nature was much more flexible. So,
there, in APEC, most commitments are voluntary, not mandatory, as
in other international forums, such as the World Trade Organization or the Organization for
Economic Cooperation. I mean, there was here, there was this, this
principle or voluntary commitment. Countries, economies, excuse me, decided what commitments
they made and, on the other hand, there was a growing country.
We should not use ABEC to make a peaceful Asia free trade agreement among the
twenty- one. This idea of one of a peaceful Asia free trade agreement
does not materialize until two thousand fourteen, but there was already a little bit
among some countries the initiative to do and before it had done, four of
the three twenty- one economies are Bruneida, ar Usalam, Chile, Singapore
' s New Zelan come together and make a free trade agreement known as P
four. It' s actually called a transpacific strategic agreement. The economic partnership.
Not every time in Asia. I think they like complicated names and it
' s still in force. It does not come into force in two thousand
six and remains in force between them four, but then it is decided to
grow this P four and two and in two thousand eight the United States shows
interest in adding that it is also a political decision of the United States.
Says I need to play in the courtyard of China, which is growing in
an important way. And how I' m gonna play China' s yard.
I am going to join an agreement that has more or less aligned what
I am looking for and I am going to propose to you to modernize your
disciplines and have disciplines that I want to counter disciplines that China could negotiate in
your region with other countries. So, for example, China brought the initiative
of ARZIP, which is fifteen countries that make it up in the same region.
Then the p four plus the United States is posed as that strategy of
playing in the field in the Chinese field by the United States. In March
of two thousand ten two thousand begin negotiations already between the four originals of the
P four pifo plus the United States and then participate from round one, Peru,
Australia and Vietnam, which join this exercise. Then the TPP negotiation between
eight was born, but look at it was an agreement that first, if
I am not mistaken, was to prove an agreement between two, between New
Zealand and Chile, and then becomes the P- 4. Then P four
is launched as TPP already participate eight and in October two thousand ten is added
in Malaysia, there are already nine and in December, as I said,
two thousand twelve is added in Mexico and Canada and there are already eleven in
the negotiation. And finally, in March of two thousand thirteen Japan joins as
in number twelve in the TPT negotiation. And until October four, two thousand
and fifteen, the negotiations between the twelve converge. It' s a very
ambitious deal. Right now. We' ll see because it' s important.
It is the subject of this presentation that the TIPAT brings and why the
UK goes up to it. The negotiations are concluded, the TPP is signed
on February 5, two thousand sixteen and then something happens in two thousand sixteen,
which is precisely because the pardon in January of two thousand seventeen of the
election of the United States favors Donald Trump and the first act of government or
the second act of government no longer remember very well is precisely to get out
of the TPP. We have heard this many times. The United States leaves
the TPP. It' s not twelve, it' s eleven. He
didn' t really get out of the TPP. Formally speaking, he did
not leave on 23 January. What he does is that Donald Trump signs and
so with all the press shows an executive order in which he decides to suspend
the TPP process. For the United States, that is to say, the
TPP was already signed, but this was missing from the post- negotiation,
which is precisely to ratify in domestic procedures, international treaties. So, what
to say about the United States is no longer to ratify the TPP in your
Congress. That is why it is said that the United States leaves the negotiation,
although formally there was still no TPP and that is why it did not
even give us time to name it, a man in Spain. So,
that' s why I guess this process over so many years is a cumulative
process of countries continuing to get to what we' re going to have now
with the United Kingdom, which we could call the plus type not either tipat
plus one or we could call it to make it more difficult CPT, CPT
PAP Ottipata Treaty, Comprehensive and Progressive Treaty of Trans- Pacific and Atlantic Partnership.
Not because, moreover, now with the United Kingdom, because we are
already breaking the fact that they are countries that have coasts with the Pacific,
because I do not see anywhere the coast with the Pacific of the United Kingdom,
but rather with the Atlantic Ocean. But if his name is not changed,
he will be called tipat or tipa blus or tipa twelve. I don
' t know yet. It is not very clear whether colloquially this agreement will
be renamed. What TPP contains and then TIPATS contain all these chapters. They
did not change the chapters by migrating from the TPP to the TPAT, that
is, when you leave for the United States, you do a whole exercise
that I am now going to tell you. But basically, the provisions of
the chapters change very little the thousand and so many pages that this Treaty has,
which is one of the most ambitious and one of the best that the
world has and one of the two best that it has in Mexico, does
not change much with the departure from the United States. We have, in
fact, at the end of the day, we have thirty chapters. Here
you can see the thirty chapters arranged in three important baskets. All those chapters
which are drawers, the Treaties which we call institutional, for example, initial
provisions and general definitions, exceptions and general provisions, final provisions, administrative and
institutional provisions. They' re all chapters, just like him. Let'
s say the administration of the Treaties, how they work, how they end,
how they start, how they add elements. Then, those institutional chapters,
plus some existing chapters that did not undergo major changes from what was being
negotiated by Mexico. These enter the first basket everyone who sells that first column.
It is, therefore, a series of chapters in which there was deepening
or major changes with which Mexico was being negotiated as a customs administration and trade
facilitation, where the ARMC Trade Facilitation Agreement is incorporated, where sanitary and phytosanitary
measures and technical barriers to trade are made much better chapter than had been done
before. It makes a super ambitious investment chapter, very interesting, with very
different views between the TPP countries and after TIPAT. There is a very ambitious
chapter on services, on financial services. There is also a different discussion than
the one that had been going on for years in the temporary entry chapter of
business people. Here I tell you, for example, that normally in these
chapters of temporary entry of business people we just had here in FTA let'
s barter a presentation of some migration issues and there was some talk about this
topic in the chapter of the temporary treatment of business people of almost all our
treaties before TPT were equal. They had four categories common to all parts of
the Treaty of business people who were basically business visitors, merchants, investors,
that is, people who go to another country to close a business, chance
an investment, intracompany transfers that are companies, people who move from a parent
company to a branch, a subsidiary in another country, that is, they
change not to change companies, but they change countries within the same company,
transfers, below companies and professionals, those four categories. They were usually negotiated
in all the Mexican Treaties, from the Telecano to the TPP, then TIPS.
But there' s something going on in the TPP and the TIPAT with
the United States. The United States since remember that this negotiation began in the
two thousand and ten ended in two thousand and fifteen. America. Over there,
two thousand four receives a recommendation from your Congress that you cannot negotiate any
more agreements that have migratory provisions. So, in a way, Lester understands
that they' re the ones who negotiate in America. He understood that more
chapters of temporary work could no longer be negotiated and that they no longer negotiated
seasonally in their Treaties. When we get to the TPP, all the other
countries want to have a chapter of temporary draw and the U S tells them
perfect have a chapter of temporary altra. But I don' t make any
compromise, I mean, I don' t give you access to any of
the four categories, to any category, in fact, because I have a
ban on a congress and then, before done, what could have happened is
that all countries made commitments and that the United States was what is known in
economy as a free rider, one that travels free and benefits from temporary entry
commitments without making commitments for themselves to avoid that changes the dynamics of this chapter
and then what is done is reciprocity. If I give Mexico four categories,
Australia, Southern Area also gives me access in those four categories. If I
give Mexico, Mexico, Chile six categories of business people. Chile gives me
six categories of new people. And so America, as it does not give
any category of business people. No one has any category of business people as
a profit. Then it also profoundly changes this chapter of temporary trarat telecommunications.
You don' t say. We also came in this way from a profound
reform in telecommunications from two thousand, two thousand thirteen, more or less.
Several things about telecommunications, of the telecommunications reform, are now incorporated into these
very ambitious chapters, state- owned companies and designated monopeblis. It is a
chapter that also undergoes important changes in intellectual property, a very complicated chapter.
In fact, it was the last item to be negotiated in this negotiation,
in this TPP negotiation. The last item was a few minutes before the ministerial
meeting. Practically and chapter for the first time, a labor chapter and an
environmental chapter for Mexico. We had no chapters like this, we had parallel
agreements on the telecan and we had no chapters on any other Treaty. And
then a whole new set of chapters or additional topics, like e- commerce,
possibly one of the most ambitious chapters in e- commerce, or maybe
TENEC is already a little more ambitious than this TPP. But cooperation and capacity
development is a chapter on development, a chapter on competitiveness and business facilitation that
is repeated later in the tp negotiations but a chapter for the first time of
regulatory coherence SMEs, very important when countries have already completely derecorded their entire tariff
and almost no tariffs are charged. What follows the following barriers are how they
are regulated and the regulatory aspect is precisely that regulations can be easily read among
the most countries. A very interesting chapter that was born for the first time
in the TPP on anti- corruption, taking as a reference some guidelines that
had been negotiated a little earlier in the aogde that are called guidelines for multinational
companies. Famous lems take some principles from the OGDE' s lems and the
Mexican private sector proposes an anti- corruption chapter to the Mexican government. The
Mexican government proposes it at the table and we have for the first time an
anti- corruption chapter in an international treaty such as the TPP. Then tipat
when it is made of TIPATS, which is the one being lived in the
UK, all these chapters remain. What' s the change? Well,
let' s see what' s the one change there is with respect to
TPP and TIPATS. Yeah, alone. Only 22 provisions are removed, they
are not chapters, they are not even articles. Sometimes they are only specific
provisions that are removed from the text of the TPP, and then what remains
is the TIPATS. So it' s a relatively easy negotiation, because it
' s the United States that comes out, so what countries do is we
' re going to look for all those provisions that were from the United States,
only from the United States and that no one else supported and that we
don' t want to have in the TPP. Twenty- two provisions are
found during the tipat negotiation and the text of the TPP is then removed.
Less than 22 provisions is the text of the TIPATS. What are some of
them, for example, eleven in intellectual property. Some topics, for example,
that it was going to be with the new uses of a patent that
had already been granted, if it was going there was a provision that proposed
the United States that was also removed, that was to extend the duration of
the patent when for some reason not attributable to the patent applicant, It was
prolonged for longer than necessary the entire administrative process of granting the patent, protection
of undisclosed data, protection of medicines of biological origin, which this was one
of the most sensitive issues for Mexico, is managed to remove from the TPP
by doing the negotiation of the TIPAT. In addition, such as satellite signal
protection and some legal resources available to providers, Internet service providers, Internet Service
providers or ISPS in services to trade in services. There are three provisions that
are removed. Some topic that bothered Bruneite from his list of commitments without services
anymore. An annex on Express Delivery Service Express that proposed to the United States
and that Mexico did not like anything. A small provision on the scope of
government procurement is also removed from the TPP. The same and other provisions that
are removed, for example, in fast- delivery shipments, which also proposed
it to the United States. In other words, the United States was very
keen on the issue of express delivery services that have to do with electronic commerce,
but also with parcel delivery and message and dispute resolution in telecommunications, that
this is a disposal that is removed when moving to TIPAT and that Mexico wanted
it removed because due to the telecommunications reform, one could no longer have a
recourse as an administrative review that before Mexico' s telecommunications reform could be made.
So, with the telecommunications reform, you can no longer have this administrative
review resource in our country. And when we came to the negotiation, remember
that we arrived at the negotiation in the Fifteenth Round was already agreed large parts
of some texts, including in telecommunications. It had already been agreed that there
should be this mechanism for the settlement of disputes between communications that incorporated this administrative
vision that was no longer permitted in Mexican law. But since we were new
to the negotiation I think we couldn' t take it away unless everyone else
agreed. And, obviously, because everyone else did not agree, then we
had gotten used to it, we had gotten used to it, resigned ourselves
to having that provision that there went against Mexican legislation. When the U S
leaves the TPP and allows us to remove that provision from the text of this
PRFE, plus some investment provisions that also gave it more interest from U S
investors and that gave the U S a greater power to sue the U S.
Then those investment provisions, which were called investment authorizations, especially investment uses
and investment agreements was another, were removed from the text of TPP. So
the TPP minus twenty- two provisions is the type. That is the agreement
and here you can see in this link that I share with them an explanation
for one of the twenty- two provisions that were removed in which they were
removed at that time from the text to make the tipat. So we already
have the tipat here you can see the negotiation process. It was a year
or so about ten meetings where it was agreed, because what I am telling
you is to choose a few provisions where everyone agreed to remove them and what
was left, because it was already the girl. The negotiations in neo of
two thousand eighteen are concluded and the tipat is finally filmed in March of two
thousand eighteen in Santiago de Chile, and then comes the whole process that I
already told them of ratification. It was gradually ratified, and now we will
see how the Treaty enters into force. Look carefully, this is the technical
file of the tipa thirty chapters I already told them related to horizontal trade and
or new topics, of baskets, twenty- two suspended provisions that were only
proposed by the United States and to leave to the United States, as they
are removed. This is important. How does IPAT come into effect when six
countries or at least fifty percent of the GDP of the TEPP countries warn that
they have already done their ratification process, the one I tell them that Mexico
does it the Senate. When six countries warn or fifty percent of GDP warns,
this enters into force the rate does not then type TE enters live right
there as the thirty- thirty of November of two thousand eighteen hot right now.
We' re going to see him with six other countries. Not then
were five more to ratify and about fifteen days later Vietnam ratifies it. Not
this one, or first thing. They ratify this Australia, in Australia,
New Zealand and Canada, Mexico, to see if I remember, Singapore and
Mexico I do not lack. And then, fifteen days later, Vietnam ratifies
it. And then there were seven and there were no more four that were
Chile and Peru, Malasha and Brunei. Interestingly, Malasi and Brunei, who
were the ones who could most easily approve it, had not approved it.
Little. Then Peru tries it. After Peru, Chile proves it, if
I am not mistaken, then Malaysia and finally a few weeks ago this Brunel.
Then there are already tipats with eleven countries in force. And that'
s how it operates today, already with the eleven countries and here I put
in green to highlight how accessions work. Any State territory of the independent nervese
will be able to accede to the new agreement in terms, terms and with
ndis to be negotiated between the parties. Anyone has been influencing the United States
on U S day wants to return, as they would have to negotiate terms
and conditions to agree again pay back to enter. And well, that'
s a little bit of the tipat' s data sheet How' s the
adhesion process. Here comes Article 34 of the TPAT Agreement agreements. This Treaty
is open to accession by sub- paragraph to any other customs State or territory
which is a member of APEC. The only State is the only territory of
a different one. Someone who is not an APEC member state is Iwan.
We are talking about Chinese Taipa and any other APEC country, that is,
the 20 APEC or Taiwan economies. It is open to all adherence by any
of them that is no longer a part of TIPAT. Plus any other customs
territory that the parties may agree to. I do not know any other customs
territory under that name, for example in the MC, in addition to Taipei
Ching. But well, if there is another and the parts hang it,
this could also be part of the TYPLAT. Any other State, or any
other country or territory of January other than that may be part of TIPETS.
It is now important that it is prepared to comply with the obligations of that
Treaty, subject to the terms and conditions that may be agreed between the State
and the different customs territory and the parties and after approval in accordance with the
applicable legal procedures of each party and the different donor territory that will henceforth be
called a candidate for accession. So the literal text, obviously very legal of
that article thirty paragraph four, article thirty four article four of chapter thirty accession
is the first literal paragraph and then there are already another number of paragraphs,
as for two pages more than what they contain is this does not have to
be a written request. The United Kingdom then made a written depositary request.
Working groups are then set up. A working group to negotiate the terms and
conditions of accession. A working group, an Accession Working Group to WG,
was set up to negotiate with the United Kingdom its membership of the tipat.
This accession working group presents, as they conclude their negotiations, a written report
containing three things. The first thing is the terms and conditions agreed with the
candidate country. The Commission' s recommendation, a recommendation to the Free Trade
Commission to address this issue. The Free Trade Commission is the Secretaries of Economy
or Trade, the heads of trade of each of the Tipat countries meet regularly
once a year, and that is called a meeting of the Free Trade Commission.
It is then recommended that the Commission decide everything in this case that the
working group recommends that the Commission accede in the terms and conditions agreed with the
United Kingdom. And then that report also contains a proposal for a Commission decision
in which these committees function, let us say legally through decisions. They are
like legal instruments in which commissions make decisions. They are called the proposed decision
of the Free Trial Commission. Very well afterwards this article also speaks of the
fact that there are procedures for when one of the parties objects to the creation
of an accession working group for an applicant or even the accession decision. Imagine,
for example, among the applicants we have to tell them here a little
bit back, among the applicants we have Chinese Taipei and Mexico has a one
- China foreign policy, that is, it does not recognize Chinese Taipei as
a country. It is very difficult to have a free trade agreement with a
non- country. So, if you go ahead and form an accession working
group with Chinese tipe, you will most likely have to object to this formation
of this working group in Mexico, including accession. Then there is a procedure
for making that objection. It' s not what that asset brings. The
candidate for hession is also given a period of time to hand over his instrument
of injury. That is, when accession was already negotiated under the terms of
accession. There is a deadline for the United Kingdom to hand over its instrument
of accession to the depositary. That is to say, to hand over an
instrument of accession when it was approved by your Parliament and I finished and here
is the instrument of accession. They hand it over to the depository. Who
' s the depositary? It is a tipa country that keeps all the legal
documents, the original filmed text of the TIPAT, plus all the decisions of
the Commission, plus the annexes, plus the parallel letters that the type could
have. That depositary is New Zealand. If you enter the New Zealand page,
there is a special page for the TIPAT as depositary, which is very
complete. It has information for SMEs, it has all the information on the
process that it represents economically for countries. Then it' s a page.
They are very good sources of information in the Ministry of Trade, Foreign Affairs
and Trade of New Zelan. Who is the depositary of time and then says
when the accession comes into force. Well, the accession will come into being
60 days after the instrument of accession is deposited, i e 60 days after
the depositary is formally notified that the internal procedures have already been completed, i
e sixty- two days after the United Kingdom notified New Zealand, which has
already passed through its Parliament and the tipat was approved. The United Kingdom'
s accession to the type would come into being and the United Kingdom said it
would do so in the second half of the two thousand twenty- four or
on an agreed date, because sometimes it is better than sixty days, exactly
sixty days later, because perhaps, at the time of counting the sixty days,
it may happen that they fall on a rare day, for example,
on 13 March, or that it falls on 2 April, that is,
that it does not fall in a fortnight or at the end of the month,
and sometimes it is much easier for administrative purposes from a treaty that is
counted as well as fortnights or by the beginning of the month. So,
sometimes, if those sixty days don' t fall on a day, as
well as on a fortnight or at the end of a month, it'
s best to remind each other to go into Vigo now the next month to
start the first of a month, for example, or the sixteen of a
month, well. That is the process of accession followed by the United Kingdom.
Now, as the TIPA already had all these thirty chapters that I taught
them negotiated. In fact, the accession negotiation of the accession working party with
the United Kingdom was therefore that the United Kingdom would be able to accept all
the provisions of the chapters of the TPP the provisions of these 30 chapters and
where there was negotiation was basically in the other large part of the free trade
treaties, all the free trade treaties. Their level of mission is evidenced by
both themes. The first theme is the whole chapter of the Treaty, which
is the commitments or disciplines of that Treaty to which countries commit themselves in terms
of disciplines or principles of the Treaty. And another major component is the market
access lists, that is, what access is given to the goods market,
what access is given to our partners, or traders in this Treaty, what
access is given to the services market, what access is given to the investments
of the partner states in this new Treaty. And then, in those negotiations
that are called generic negotiations, they are called access negotiations. There are also
access negotiations, for example, on government purchases. What access you' re
going to give to shopping, public procurement, foreigners. So all those negotiations
say those four and some say that up to five do not, because also
the chapters of commercial enterprises for the mercy of the State also have their annexes.
So let' s say that all those particular negotiations of what rate of
relief I' m going to give you, what products in the case of
goods, of how I' m going to consolidate the opening in the case
of services or investment, of what activities are going to be covered by the
rules of public procurement, under which thresholds and which sectors? All these access
commitments are the second major component. And that second big component was what was
negotiated with the United Kingdom, because that depends on each country. Each country
has its own annexes on market access, goods, services, investment, government
procurement and State- owned enterprises commitments. So that was negotiated with the United
Kingdom. We do not yet have the negotiated text, but what some people
who participated in the negotiation tell me, well, not that they do not
participate in the negotiation, well, yes, that they participate in the negotiation,
but that they are no longer negotiators or people who participated in the joint
room. When there were still plenary meetings in the next quarter, it is
that, in fact, the United Kingdom was very cautious in its market access
commitments. He didn' t give them as much as the Tipat countries would
have wanted. But, well, at the end of the day he stayed
and took that and the UK is going to be part of the tipat with
that as unambitious paramissions, for example, in trade in goods. We know
that the United Kingdom wanted greater access from some dairy countries, for example,
Mexico and Canada, and that well, in Canada it is a very complicated
issue, in Mexico it did not want to give access either, because we
wanted more access in meat. But in meat, because the United Kingdom did
not want to give access then, in the end, that there were already
unambitious commitments in dairy for the United Kingdom and in meat for Mexico. But
there is little we can know until we really see the market access lists what
they contain in this second item. What we do know is that the United
Kingdom accepted, accepted all the disciplines of the tipats, the thirty chapters of
the tipat. And that, then, represents, because maintaining that at a
very ambitious level of commitments, at least in this part, because access undertakings
can also always be additional rounds to improve them. There is no flexibi clause
for revision of the tipa text that we have here on the technical date says
revision. The parties shall review the request of a party for the operation of
the Treaty. You are proposing to consider any amendment to this Treaty, of
any related matter as to whether amendments to the Treaty can be made, which
could be even greater ambition at best in market access. Another time, because
it was important for forgiveness, I already went back. Why it was important
for the UK to enter antipats, but the UK is the second largest service
provider in the world. Not at that time they also had a lot of
interest in the negotiations on transpanterized trade in services, especially beings and financial digital
trade and their services represent forty- three percent of their trade with members of
the tipat With data of two thousand twenty- two they accept for the first
time a principle that comes from NAFTA- type treaties, which is the requirement
of non- compulsory local presence, which is in the chapter on cross-
border trade in services, as well as advanced provisions on national regulation, which
implies less bureaucracy for the granting of permits and licences in the field of trade
in services a greater flexibility. These are data given by the United Kingdom itself
on its page, on the page of the UK Ministry of Commerce, more
flexibility through an agreement that has modern rules of origin for greater sectoral competitiveness.
For example, I accept for the first time cumulation in one of its Treaties.
There is a very ambitious investment chapter. The UK' s invasion of
the TPAT region is expected to grow and the UK received foreign direct investment of
the type per hundred eighty- two billion pounds sterling in two thousand twenty-
one, disciplines of the most modern that may be, not modern rules for
digital commerce than in two thousand twenty- one high sales from the UK to
the tipa for twenty- three million pounds sterling. New markets a little the
argument Mexico had to enter the TEPEP not here, in this case, Malaysia
is the new market of the UK. Let us remember that Mexico is not
a new market, because it was part of TELECUEM. When this UK comes
out of the good telecuen, because this we negotiate another thing and we have
an over- investment agreement. No, then it' s not a new
market. But in general they are eliminated with the countries of the tipat.
They are eliminated by about eighty percent of UK whisky tariffs over a ten-
year period and 30 percent tariffs on UK car exports. In seven years lower
consumer prices are eliminated. In the end, because the entry of products from
other different countries, with greater, with good quality and this variety, this
allows a greater variety for the consumer and better, lower prices. This does
not allow imports, for example, of fruit juice from pro and Chile and
mention chocolate and honey from Mexico on the United Kingdom page. What happens next,
what we have with the United Kingdom, because we had told them we
had the brexist the 20th dwarf of two thousand twenty, between the transition period
of the United Kingdom, that is, that period in which they are separating
from a long marriage with the European Union, and the United Kingdom is beginning
to stop enjoying the benefits of hotels is from the European Union. Then you
have to start negotiating deals on your own. Here I put the first bullleit
that the negotiating teams for we process both for the UK' s accession to
TIPATS and for a bilateral treaty with Mexico. In those two processes, the
Mexican negotiating teams, former Mexican negotiators, play a very interesting role, because
there are a lot of former Mexican negotiators from different generations. And when the
United Kingdom starts negotiating agreements, it starts looking at first, they start looking
like negotiators. I remember what I was looking for and you' re interested
in being a negotiator. Well, send me your résumé video here to the
embassy. They then decided that they would rather seek out consultants and launched bidding
processes with the world for firms that would like to advise them in the negotiations.
Some Mexican offices participated in these visitation processes and some of them won associated
with an office, with a European office. If I am not mistaken to
advise the British negotiators in these two negotiations, in the accession of the United
Kingdom anti pat and in the bilateral treaty Mexico United Kingdom good quickly because it
teugía maintain the preferences of TELECUEM For the United Kingdom and for Mexico an agreement
is negotiated that is called a continuity agreement, simple to give continuity to this
commercial opening. On December 15, two thousand twenty, this continuity agreement was
filmed and entered into force on June 1, two thousand twenty- one.
In this link that I share with you, you agree to continue. It
' s a very short deal. It has seventeen pages and what it says
is good. We kept giving ourselves the deal we were giving ourselves under the
original Telecuem. It seems then that the negotiation of the telequoum had already taken
place in two zeros, but it has not entered into force. As you
know, then the continuity agreement between Mexico and the United Kingdom says we are
going to deal with Telecuem, one of the original Telequem, in this continuity
agreement and we are going to take time to negotiate an ambitious, modern and
comprehensive agreement. Thus the text in article nine of the continuity agreement within the
first year, that is, within the first year of life of the continuity
agreement. This from the first of June of two thousand and twenty- one.
Before the first of June of the two thousand twenty- two, negotiations
had to begin for an ambitious, modern and comprehensive agreement. What did happen
and they will strive to conclude. They will thus endeavour to conclude the negotiations
in three years' time. I mean, there' s an obligation but
very smooth. It is not a very harsh obligation, to conclude the negotiations
before June of two thousand twenty- four. If they are not concluded,
nothing happens, because you can say that you tried hard to conclude, but
you did not conclude, then it is a soft obligation. Let' s
say this. They will endeavour to conclude. How' s this negotiation going?
Okay. We' ve had a change from the Secretary of Economics.
She' s gone She' s got Clutter, the new secretary' s
here, and she' s changed. They tell me who is in this
at the Fourth Together, that the dynamics with the Court of Together have changed
a little bit. In spite of this, as there are some advances,
they do not have the mutual interest of Mexico and the United Kingdom to strengthen
the lateral civil trade, to give legal certainty, to improve access to the
market of goods and services, influencing new disciplines with high level of ambition.
I mean they want to have and here the question that won' t be
worth having a bilateral agreement when they' re already part of the TIPATS.
On the subject of disciplines with a high level of ambition, I do not
know which disciplines can still have a better level of ambition. And on the
issue of market access, there is no doubt that we can negotiate on a
bilateral basis better market access commitments than those that were negotiated with ten other countries
in the tipat. So, bilaterally, it makes sense to negotiate market access,
because it can be much more ambitious. It' s not the same.
Negotiate with another country You can only go much further, be much more
ambitious than negotiating with eleven countries where normally the lowest common denominator, as it
is lower. The common denominator of forgiveness is lower. Then what happened?
Everything that always happens in a business process has happened, what we know in
the negotiations, such as pre- negotiation, that is, exploratory talks to
define approaches to the scope of the Treaty. What are the priorities of the
Treaty, of the objectives of what is the architecture of the Treaty and by
architecture I mean what levels of negotiation there will be. There are normally three
levels of sharing negotiation in a negotiation, e g at the technical level,
which are the negotiating tables, the experts of each topic negotiating at their table,
then the level of coordinators, negotiating heads or negotiating coordinators or CHIP negotiators
in English and then the ministerial level. When a few things remain to be
resolved normally three levels of negotiation, when each of their levels will be seen.
For example, in most of the Treaties, ministers do not see each
other until the end of the negotiations, when two or three things remain to
be resolved in temach, the ministers saw each other in each round and had
fifteen things to solve at the end of the negotiations. The levels of negotiation
in this shadow round, which is the pre- negotiation that has already happened,
are a little defined there. Participants are defined at each level of negotiation,
i e ministers, because we already know who they are. But the
ministers designate a negotiating box, designate the heads of tables, the technical negotiators,
how many negotiating tables there will be, how many topics or chapters there
will be, what the index of this Treaty is. Legal frameworks are shared
to understand the other country a little. Round schedules are defined. Usually they
are consecutive rounds, forgive a reciprocal visit and if they are more than two
countries that are becoming, the countries how the dynamics of the texts will be,
that is, if there are thirty texts of negotiation, who presents texts
in which chapters, if they present only one or present the two, how
the communication will be during the negotiation, who are the points of contact to
follow up on all the logistics of the bare negotiation. All that' s
happened. The whole process of pre- negotiation was defined as four major themes.
Trade in goods, trade in services, investment, international trade issues and
legal and institutional matters. Legal, institutional and studyal issues, with which are
trade in goods is basically access to the market of goods, rules of origin,
procedures of origin and commercial facilitation. Trade of investment service are the general
chapter of trades of services, the chapter of investment, trade, forgiveness,
financial services, telecommunications and entrance, the temporary of people, tengocios and topics
of international trade. They are all the others, the new health media issues,
fictionary ones, or they are with the terno of commerce, trade remedies,
government purchases, dispute settlement, commercial companies of the State, all the
other chapters were put in the big drawer of international trade issues. They are
all international trade issues. But, well, that' s what this fourth
drawer was called in bilateral negotiations and it' s made very little substantive progress.
It seems to me that from July two thousand twenty- two to May
two thousand twenty- three have happened three rounds of negotiation. We can'
t know much because there are almost no meetings of the fourth together Approximately there
are thirty negotiating groups that coincide with the more or less TIPAT negotiating issues And
there have been, for example, in the first round initial discussions in the
second round of what I could learn from people who were in these. In
those briefings, we already shared the original texts of each other in the different
chapters where we wanted to present text. And in the third round there was
already consolidation of texts and identification of sensitive issues, which is the consolidation of
texts. If I, Mexico, present a text in telecommunications and in the
United Kingdom presents a text in telecommunications. What we do in the ocean we
put together the two texts in a single world archive and put the items that
look like together with Mexican Corchetes for what is from Mexico, United Kingdom cars
for what is the United Kingdom. And so we' re doing as an
amalgamated text, full of carriages of things that look alike and things that don
' t look so much alike. And what follows is already clear that it
is known in the negotiation as cleaning the text, which is to go removing
brackets, arguing, exchanging one quota for the other and so until the texts
are completely negotiated. We are just putting together the texts presented in round two,
in round three and are already beginning to identify some issues that are going
to be complicated in the negotiation. A fourth round to be defined is missing.
And one topic I have also noticed about this negotiation is that there are
virtual meetings. When it comes to Mexico going to the UK, I guess
it' s about austerity. Rounds in Mexico are face- to- face
and rounds outside Mexico. The second round outside Mexico was virtual. Sometimes this
is useful in the initial rounds, as there is no big problem in the
final defining rounds. This does affect whether we need the pace to face,
as it is said in English, at face- to- face meetings to
define the last issues of a negotiation, the most sensitive issues. There is
no such thing as a face- to- face process to resolve the negotiations
already in their most critical phase, and that is basically what I have to
share. There' s my personal email and my X account. It'
s no longer called Twitter, it' s already called x forgiveness. I
lacked a thematic g, but well, that' s a little what I
wanted to share with you and, of course, open to your comments,
because here are some questions. Memo this as always here, they say that
excellent presentation and is asking them arming. In his view, what is it,
what is the size of the market, the type and the extent to
which trade in goods will be promoted, and that he is struck by the
suspended dispute settlement provision in which staff appear to be basic in international trade.
Thanks for the size of the broads. We already know. When you get
the UK you' re going to have a market of 500 million people,
they' re going to represent 13 percent of the world diff. And that
' s where I put it 15 percent of the world' s top and
13 percent of the world' s trade. For Mexico, for example,
the entry of the United Kingdom is important. The United Kingdom is currently Mexico
' s 16th trading partner in terms of trade and is the and and is
the sixth largest. Let' s say investment exporter to Mexico, let'
s say the sixth most important source of investment is the United Kingdom. So
it is an important agreement to incorporate the United Kingdom, either through the tipat
or through the bilateral. It is important for Mexico, it is important for
tipat because, since the United Kingdom is the sixth economy in the world and
is also part of the GST. Then he has a power, he has
an important place in the world. It is no coincidence that it is the
first country in which it had its accession working group and I think it will
be very relevant. And a clarification on the second part of the question.
It is not that the dispute settlement provision, i e the TPT dispute settlement
chapter for the tipat, has been removed. What was removed was a provision
on how to settle telecommunications disputes and there were three ways to resolve telecommunications disputes.
One was by the courts, by the courts, which, in the
case of Mexico, with the reform of communications, already specialized in telecommunications and
competition. Another was, through one I no longer remember very well, it
was like an appeal from a decision of one authority and another was like amparo.
I believe that under the telecommunications reform of two thousand and thirteen, indirect
protection in telecommunications is no longer allowed and that this was the change. And
the third one that was no longer possible, I think is the possibility of
administrative review of a hipetel decision can no longer be reviewed. That is the
third way to settle a dispute, which was to request the administrative review of
the body that had decided something is what can no longer be done in Mexican
law. I mean, I' m not a lawyer and I' m
breaking up by doing a silly thing, but that' s pretty much how
I remember it, and that particular part was already tested at Teput when it
came to Mexico, because we couldn' t take it off anymore we couldn
' t say it on a footer. I think Singapore, I said no,
this provision does not apply Singapore. Mexico could no longer do that because
we were new to the negotiation. We couldn' t take it off.
We were able to remove it until the U S got out of the negotiation
and then we suspended that little part of the administrative review. And they also
ask them here that, in your opinion, why the United States went out,
what was the reason, because in the United States I didn' t
want to participate in the Treaty. It was basically a project of President Obama
and was a battle horse of President Trump' s campaign. He said that
I don' t know if they remember he said that the negotiators of the
United States were terrible, that he always won everything he took to the dance
to the United States in the negotiations, that the TPP was going to be
even a worse idea because it was with Asian countries that normally, because they
made many traps, and that we already had a huge deficit with Mexico,
Canada and China and that now, with the guy, we were going to
have more trade deficits. Trump today was very concerned about trade deficits and then
his whole campaign was dedicated to mistreating the TPP. And then the first thing
he did when he had the power, was basically get out of a political
decision. There' s going to be a very particular ideology of the President
and I don' t know if Ahorita, you could tell us about the
issues that are overwhelming, that are negotiating more or less what you' ve
been told, because it' s very green as just in the third round
the texts were put together. Right now, as I can imagine, there
hasn' t even been text cleaning. In other words, what has happened
is we put all the texts that are similar in one document all full of
square brackets. It is very difficult to read and you begin to distinguish where
the texts look like, because it is very similar texts, sticky ones and
then texts that are radically different also there together so that they do where there
are those differences. So, that' s why round three says in some
report that went into my eyes that barely the texts have been consolidated and the
greatest sensitivities have been identified, but the real negotiation has not even begun.
The texts are together. You know pretty much what the big problems are.
And I don' t know. I don' t know what the big
problems are. I' d love to know. And the negotiation is not
yet beginning, which is a little bit cleaning up the texts one by one.
We are still going to have to wait, because, moreover, I
do not see how much haste in this Treaty and because we are just going
in the round, in the round, in round three, there is no
date for round four. And it seems to me that with the change in
the Ministry of Economy, even one more step was dropped to the disinterest in
international trade. Thank you so much. Hey, in this one I want
there would be the microphone for the panelists who want to make some comment Enrique
yes, very serious how interesting this whole case, as I like how they
take all these cotus. In this group of eleven or twelve countries, there
are some r there is some leader who is the one who manages everything or
covers everything up. And there is a formal leader, who is the depositary,
who is New Zealand. And, in addition, New Zealand played a
very interesting role as a viderazgo. He forgot to say, for example,
that a very interesting dynamic of the negotiation of the first twelve of TPP,
because now there were very different countries in the approaches of negotiation, in the
styles of negotiation, in the sizes of economies and, for example, things
that we were negotiating as a drawer, that is, many texts of Mexico,
if you look over the years, are very similar. They are practically
the same on some topics. Well, in this TPP exercise it was quite
a challenge for the negotiators. It was like our graduation, because Australia and
New Zealand came with some very interesting questions, that is, to see why
you' re doing it. Not that, because then it wasn' t
always worth that answer. Of course, you have to explain where it comes
from. Then we had to expound in many houses how it had been the
decision to have a particular approach and not the other one, because they came
from another vision. Then we tested ourselves. It was a very good intellectual
accident, because we tried to justify each and every provision we had in our
chapters. Australia and Nubarcelona have a very particular leadership in tipas. Then Japan
also took very important leadership when it left for the United States. It was
the one who said to see we' re going to meet quickly, we
' re going to meet here in jacon and I think it was the meeting
in Japan, in Japan when it was said we' re going to save
ourselves. Effort. This has got to be something we can' t lose
a momentum of this we just did. We have to have a quick and
forceful negotiation, and that' s what we' re going to do,
it' s better to remove depositions that are from the United States. It
was decided at the initiative of Japan. Then Japan has an important idea also
non- formal in the negotiation. Yeah, I think so, that'
s interesting. Congratulations, it' s a very good presentation and so that
you continue in this and give it what interesting process. Thank you, thank
you, thank you, Enrique, good night view. Thank you, Dani
Guillermo, many greetings, my Enrique Doctor. Practically the experience we had as
the TPP and Rock And Pack Mexico served us a lot for tech ME to
reassure Donald Front. Yes, because practically everything we had done was already the
TPP, because it was practically a copy for the technic and, as it
was, as you had rightly said, it was a political position for his
arrival and it was the first action he had as President on 20 January of
16 then, because that we already had a lot of ground to be able
to do the TEC. That would be my comment. Thank you for your
congratulations, Guillermo. Thank you, and to close another maxim, want to
make something a good comment, because of course, William, many congratulations.
This really did not give anything more a teaching and you gave us two because
you opened us up from the TPPE and you went also with the one from
Britain, which is very important, after leaving the European Union, of course
it becomes when you leave the European Union with 27 countries and he becomes a
lone lanner. And it is indeed very important to achieve this Free Trade Agreement
with Britain and Mexico, because it puts us in a position to have Europe
' s leading countries again. Undeniably Britain is one of the leading countries Germany,
France, England. I believe that the European Community is the most important.
So I wish and don' t stop. Let us hope and see
all the benefits that this Treaty can give us as we have left the European
Union. Of course, this one stayed too and I was going to ask
you, but you answered it. Why Britain, which does not have a
Pacific coast and I thought and think, perhaps, because of its colonial background.
Many of the countries that are in New Zealand, Australia, Singapore,
in short, were part of the common Low the great market that Britain had
in England with all its colonies. Right, so maybe. There is also
a historical reason that there have been countries like the ones you mentioned, if
the ones I just mentioned, to be able to accept Britain and it makes
me a certain definitely, thanks for the extraordinary talk, as always that you
teach us that you are very punctual and your films extraordinarily very didactic, And
thank you so much for continuing on TV and teaching us, Guillermo a hug
thanks to giving many thanks for this great talk and good from all the telesemagas
team in Mexico. We arrived at a truck that we believed before this virtual
recognition, Master Guillermo Malpica, to make a track in the vital conversation with
the subject the United Kingdom wants. P seventeen ago until two thousand twenty-
three and I go for so much of the afternoon and there will be many
graces. Vamo thank you, Danie Nach taste as always, thank you for
your questions. On the contrary, it was an honor for us that you
would be with us and we sent you a virtual applause, just like a
hug over there. Thank you very much and recognition, yes, a recognition.
I' m sending it virtually to him by recognition as well. Thank
you very much and well, we have Wednesday if you help me to join
us. Good memo, we' re going to have corporate credit insurance with
engineer José Sánchez. Nuño is going to be very interesting to see for example,
all importers and exporters who can have a negotiation and need business insurance and
will talk to us a little bit about when they apply. And let'
s also see topics of his employment with the teacher Gilberto Martínez, also with
this labor issue that is high, that also the companies have to start it
already. And, well, we' re gonna be talking about these issues.
We see each other as usual at six o' clock in the afternoon,
downtown time, five o' clock in the afternoon, time for peace.
Thank you all so much for making a trout. Thank you, Mebo,
thank you, Henry, Doctor Maximo. Thank you very much as greetings
to the great absent, Thanks to the walk, Thank you, grace connects.
Thank you very much. Bus We' ve reached the end of today
' s barge. Thank you very much for accompanying us this was to make
a barter via som an event of telc magas and Mexico. If you liked
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