WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.760 --> 00:00:04.599 For your seven trillion dollars in allegory we two see that there is risk ha 2 00:00:04.799 --> 00:00:09.880 is ninety percent of SMEs that generate eighty percent. Give me 20 minutes of 3 00:00:10.000 --> 00:00:13.640 your time, and I' ll give you information on the most relevant foreign 4 00:00:13.720 --> 00:00:19.600 trade, tax and customs issues. With a human touch and let' s 5 00:00:19.600 --> 00:00:27.000 make a truk, a podcast of malaga TVs and Mexica Hello, how about 6 00:00:27.079 --> 00:00:29.920 good afternoon welcome, let' s barter, as it is at a telese 7 00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:33.880 magas event and Mexico, And well the truth, we start this Monday with 8 00:00:34.280 --> 00:00:38.600 the right foot, with a barter, with a very interesting theme where our 9 00:00:39.119 --> 00:00:41.320 dear master, Guillermo Malpica, accompanies us. How are you, Memo? 10 00:00:41.520 --> 00:00:46.119 I' m so glad you' re joining us again today Hi, Daniela, 11 00:00:46.320 --> 00:00:48.520 very well, thank you very much and very grateful. Let' s 12 00:00:48.840 --> 00:00:53.840 go for the invitation and well, the truth is that one topic that is 13 00:00:53.880 --> 00:00:57.320 very interesting and the truth is that we admire all your experience, which is 14 00:00:57.320 --> 00:01:00.399 the UK' s adherence to Tipat. So, I' m really interested 15 00:01:00.439 --> 00:01:04.120 in knowing how it' s going to impact us, how this is going 16 00:01:04.159 --> 00:01:07.560 to impact trade, and well, who better give us that perspective than you. 17 00:01:07.040 --> 00:01:10.640 So, to give you the word, I don' t know if 18 00:01:10.719 --> 00:01:15.079 you' ll let me read your face. Thank you very much. Master 19 00:01:15.120 --> 00:01:19.079 Guillermo Malpica has more than twenty years of experience in international trade, investment and 20 00:01:19.120 --> 00:01:26.040 international trade negotiations. He is currently good, not up- to- date, 21 00:01:26.799 --> 00:01:30.319 but was executive director of the American Chamber of Commers. Chapter Monterrey. 22 00:01:30.640 --> 00:01:34.640 He served as the trade representative of the Ministry of Economy at the Mexican Embassy 23 00:01:34.680 --> 00:01:38.280 in Washington, where he supported negotiations and defended Mexico' s commercial interests. 24 00:01:38.680 --> 00:01:42.400 He also participated in the negotiation of the Treaty between Mexico, the United States 25 00:01:42.480 --> 00:01:47.480 and Canada as chief negotiator on services, investment, energy and temporary mobility issues. 26 00:01:48.000 --> 00:01:51.480 He was Director General of International Trade in Services and Investment of the Secretariat 27 00:01:51.480 --> 00:01:56.040 of Economy, adviser to the Permanent Mission of Mexico to the UMC in Geneva 28 00:01:56.120 --> 00:02:00.920 and responsible for economic affairs in the representation of the Secretariat Economy in such Canada. 29 00:02:00.959 --> 00:02:04.079 Two thousand six to two thousand seven. He participated in the formulation of 30 00:02:04.120 --> 00:02:07.879 Mexico' s position in different forums and as a negotiator in the free trade 31 00:02:07.920 --> 00:02:10.319 agreements in which Mexico participated as the Mesé, the ogde la lady APEC, 32 00:02:10.759 --> 00:02:15.719 the negotiation, pizza negotiations is, the peaceful and marnization of TELECUEM, the 33 00:02:15.879 --> 00:02:21.159 TPP the TIPAT, to mention the most relevant. Thank you so much, 34 00:02:21.360 --> 00:02:23.319 Mema for being here. It' s an honor for you to be with 35 00:02:23.319 --> 00:02:29.400 us doing a track. On the contrary, Daniela, thank you very much 36 00:02:29.400 --> 00:02:31.599 for the invitation. I got very happy to see my picture towels and my 37 00:02:31.680 --> 00:02:36.800 gray hair on my beard, so I' m very motivated to start this 38 00:02:36.800 --> 00:02:42.280 presentation. I' ll share my screen if that' s okay with you. 39 00:02:42.360 --> 00:03:20.879 To start the presentation, I think you already have permissions, but something 40 00:03:21.000 --> 00:03:27.840 I' m seeing. I can' t get out of my own complete 41 00:03:27.840 --> 00:03:36.080 lack. More we see already if you can not help it also not anymore 42 00:03:36.120 --> 00:03:49.039 well, take advantage while greeting the doctor maximum that when coming down I am 43 00:03:49.159 --> 00:03:54.159 very happy to have here also in sight, the carballito, how they are 44 00:03:54.280 --> 00:04:00.240 happy to have them again here as panelists, as always there are Monday and 45 00:04:00.319 --> 00:04:08.919 Wednesday with Don Guillermo. We couldn' t miss them myself the beings you 46 00:04:09.759 --> 00:04:12.960 ' re choosing, it' s happening here is the Ernanita from the Internet. 47 00:04:13.039 --> 00:04:15.720 He' s famous in making his own. It' s true to 48 00:04:16.160 --> 00:04:19.800 see. I think he was just opening up so he wouldn' t let 49 00:04:19.800 --> 00:04:26.480 me share. Now it' s over. Now we' re going to 50 00:04:26.480 --> 00:04:28.160 put it on presentation. That' s where we can see it. No, 51 00:04:29.160 --> 00:04:32.680 it looks great. Well, then, I proposed to share with you 52 00:04:32.720 --> 00:04:38.279 on this subject which, moreover, is of great interest to me, because 53 00:04:38.360 --> 00:04:45.439 it is a subject that is derived from a very ambitious treaty that Mexico negotiated 54 00:04:45.480 --> 00:04:56.240 in some cases I would say the most ambitious and that has continued to mutate 55 00:04:56.240 --> 00:04:59.519 to different configurations of countries. And then I was very curious to learn and, 56 00:05:00.120 --> 00:05:04.920 after learning it, to share with you what has happened with this process 57 00:05:04.959 --> 00:05:09.600 of tipat adherence, with this first example, which is the United Kingdom, 58 00:05:10.319 --> 00:05:17.079 of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, what this part is officially called. Well, 59 00:05:17.199 --> 00:05:20.959 let' s talk about where the tipat comes from, what is the 60 00:05:20.959 --> 00:05:26.199 process of accession to this agreement, where is the interest of the United Kingdom 61 00:05:26.199 --> 00:05:31.519 to join antipat and what represents for Mexico this adherence and then some geopolitical reflections. 62 00:05:31.639 --> 00:05:38.360 By way of conclusion, all this I try to say during the presentation 63 00:05:38.439 --> 00:05:43.040 or necessarily in that order, because sometimes during the preparation of the presentation, 64 00:05:43.279 --> 00:05:46.680 as other topics arise that are also worth dealing with, but these four will 65 00:05:46.800 --> 00:05:53.360 surely be treated more by some bonus track at the end that occurred to me 66 00:05:53.439 --> 00:05:56.839 at the end of the presentation. What is the accession process in the near 67 00:05:56.839 --> 00:05:59.600 future? Well, it doesn' t happen that when you have a Free 68 00:05:59.639 --> 00:06:04.399 Trade Agreement, you usually allow or you have to say, whether or not 69 00:06:04.560 --> 00:06:09.560 you allow new members as part of that Treaty. The PIPA has an accession 70 00:06:09.639 --> 00:06:15.279 clause and has already had it right now. Let us see some candidates join 71 00:06:15.319 --> 00:06:19.360 this very ambitious agreement. The United Kingdom applied for membership of the TIPA on 72 00:06:19.399 --> 00:06:24.639 February 2, twenty- one. He was the first to do so formally, 73 00:06:24.800 --> 00:06:29.399 although there had already been press and public expressions of interest from other countries. 74 00:06:30.120 --> 00:06:32.040 The first to do so formally was the United Kingdom, which, moreover, 75 00:06:32.079 --> 00:06:34.839 was seeing a process that we are also going to discuss, therefore, 76 00:06:35.279 --> 00:06:43.079 a very intense process of separation, of a very long, very long relationship 77 00:06:43.360 --> 00:06:49.399 with the European Union and was in that process of transition to having its own 78 00:06:49.519 --> 00:06:57.680 negotiating material and its own international agreements. Then, in this context, a 79 00:06:57.759 --> 00:07:01.519 bilateral negotiation with Mexico and the process of accession to the tips are announced in 80 00:07:01.519 --> 00:07:05.240 principle, after a couple of years of negotiation of two years, two months, 81 00:07:05.360 --> 00:07:10.240 on the thirty- one March of two thousand twenty- three and then 82 00:07:11.519 --> 00:07:14.800 the agreement is signed on the sixteen July of two thousand twenty- three for 83 00:07:14.879 --> 00:07:20.680 those who do not have much information about what these post- negotiation processes are 84 00:07:20.680 --> 00:07:25.439 like. Let' s call him that. After the technical negotiation in a 85 00:07:26.000 --> 00:07:30.040 free trade agreement is concluded, there are a number of steps that are known 86 00:07:30.199 --> 00:07:33.759 as the post- negotiation. That is why sometimes a treaty agreement is announced 87 00:07:33.800 --> 00:07:40.079 and then a few months go by in which the agreement is not yet signed. 88 00:07:41.680 --> 00:07:43.800 This happened between the thirty- first of March and the sixteenth of July, 89 00:07:44.160 --> 00:07:47.519 it is part of this process of negotiations that influences, therefore, to 90 00:07:47.680 --> 00:07:54.199 have the texts clean, to make legal revision, to make translations and, 91 00:07:54.439 --> 00:07:59.439 well, to do all the internal procedures to prepare the signature of each of 92 00:07:59.439 --> 00:08:03.000 the parties. That happened on July 16 of the two thousand and twenty- 93 00:08:03.720 --> 00:08:05.879 three and then there is still an additional process. He didn' t get 94 00:08:05.879 --> 00:08:07.319 into the vigo. It was only signed in the cave. No, then 95 00:08:07.920 --> 00:08:09.560 they have to come into force. And so that it can go live, 96 00:08:09.879 --> 00:08:13.759 well, there are some provisions that are also specified in each of the Treaties 97 00:08:13.839 --> 00:08:16.959 on how the Treaties come into force. We are going to talk about that 98 00:08:18.800 --> 00:08:24.240 of the PIPAT and there is still a need to ratify this agreement through the 99 00:08:24.240 --> 00:08:26.959 internal processes of each country. Some countries, like the United Kingdom, have 100 00:08:26.959 --> 00:08:30.480 to go through Parliament, that is, through the chambers of the UK Parliament, 101 00:08:30.680 --> 00:08:37.639 the House of Lords and the House of Commons. If I am not 102 00:08:37.919 --> 00:08:41.279 mistaken in the case of Mexico, as we all know, international agreements and 103 00:08:41.360 --> 00:08:46.720 treaties only pass through the Mexican Senate, they do not pass through the House 104 00:08:46.799 --> 00:08:52.799 of Deputies. In some other members of the tipat there is only one chamber 105 00:08:54.200 --> 00:08:56.960 in Congress. And in the case of other countries of the tipat, for 106 00:08:56.960 --> 00:09:03.919 example, Malaysia or and the process is much more expeditious, or it should 107 00:09:03.960 --> 00:09:09.440 be much more expeditious, because it does not go through some parliamentary or legislative 108 00:09:09.519 --> 00:09:11.960 process, but it is just a decision of the Executive. In short, 109 00:09:11.039 --> 00:09:16.080 each country has its internal processes to ratify some international agreement and once everyone has 110 00:09:16.159 --> 00:09:20.080 already done so or the majority in the case of treaties that have many countries 111 00:09:20.120 --> 00:09:24.919 that the majority have already done so, then it can already be said when 112 00:09:26.080 --> 00:09:30.399 the Treaty enters into force is treaty, then let' s say the United 113 00:09:31.279 --> 00:09:35.480 Kingdom' s accession to the tipa still does not happen, it does not 114 00:09:35.480 --> 00:09:37.679 yet enter into force. Although it has already been negotiated, it has already 115 00:09:37.799 --> 00:09:41.200 been legally revised, it has already been translated and signed. It does not 116 00:09:41.320 --> 00:09:46.120 yet go through the parliaments or internal processes of each country. In the case 117 00:09:46.159 --> 00:09:50.480 of the UK Parliament, they said that it was expected to be spent in 118 00:09:50.559 --> 00:09:52.200 the second half of the two thousand twenty- four. This ratification process, 119 00:09:52.879 --> 00:10:01.360 since basically is to say whether that power within the State that is ratifying it, 120 00:10:01.600 --> 00:10:05.679 which agrees with or does not agree with the terms and conditions that were 121 00:10:05.759 --> 00:10:09.960 negotiated in the agreement. And if you ratify what the executive did. In 122 00:10:09.000 --> 00:10:13.320 most cases, it is the Executive that negotiates the Treaties, so their attempt 123 00:10:13.759 --> 00:10:18.840 to vigor will be until all countries go through their internal process. And Mexico, 124 00:10:18.919 --> 00:10:22.360 for it has not yet submitted ratification to the Senate. I was talking 125 00:10:22.480 --> 00:10:28.879 with some friends of former negotiators who are already part of the joint room and 126 00:10:28.960 --> 00:10:33.159 they told me that although it has not happened, that it is expected that 127 00:10:33.440 --> 00:10:41.159 soon it will happen, that the executive will soon decide to propose that it 128 00:10:41.279 --> 00:10:43.919 be discussed in the Mexican Senate for ratification. How it happens in the Mexican 129 00:10:43.919 --> 00:10:48.639 Senate, no more to tell them quickly how it happens here, because usually 130 00:10:48.720 --> 00:10:52.399 the text is sent, it is asked to be discussed in the Senate and 131 00:10:52.399 --> 00:11:01.080 according to the law of concluding treaties of treaties and according to the law to 132 00:11:01.200 --> 00:11:05.679 another law that is specified for treaties in economic matters latime, the law of 133 00:11:05.720 --> 00:11:09.559 approval of international treaties in economic matters. The Senate has to conduct a detailed 134 00:11:09.600 --> 00:11:15.679 discussion of the terms and conditions of the agreement. Normally, the Senate is 135 00:11:16.440 --> 00:11:20.240 made up of commissions. Then they decide in the Senate when they receive a 136 00:11:20.320 --> 00:11:24.759 text which commissions should review that agreement in the case of this accession, for 137 00:11:24.799 --> 00:11:30.600 it will be the Asia Pacific Commission, perhaps the European Commission plus some sectoral 138 00:11:30.919 --> 00:11:33.120 commissions, such as the investment one, that of I do not know if 139 00:11:33.159 --> 00:11:37.240 there is one of market access. In short, they define which commissions review 140 00:11:37.399 --> 00:11:41.879 the agreement. Each committee issues an opinion, an opinion is made and that 141 00:11:41.919 --> 00:11:45.480 opinion is taken away from the Senate plenary for discussion, approval and once it 142 00:11:45.559 --> 00:11:50.600 is adopted and all formally ratified in Mexico, this Treaty is not yet happening. 143 00:11:52.440 --> 00:11:54.840 It' s expected to happen soon. Well, this is the process, 144 00:11:54.960 --> 00:12:00.320 let' s say, of accession, but what this is the tipa 145 00:12:01.039 --> 00:12:05.279 For those who don' t know it or haven' t had the opportunity 146 00:12:05.320 --> 00:12:11.120 to read it, it' s possibly one of the best existing mega regional 147 00:12:11.120 --> 00:12:11.960 agreements, not only of Mexico, but existing ones. I would not dare 148 00:12:11.000 --> 00:12:15.759 to say it and that these are these mega- regional agreements, because once 149 00:12:15.759 --> 00:12:18.360 free trade agreements were started to be negotiated, at some point they began to 150 00:12:20.120 --> 00:12:24.799 negotiate as treaties by bringing together treaties. It was a tendency to join treaties, 151 00:12:26.039 --> 00:12:28.000 as it did in Mexico in the case of the treaties with Central America, 152 00:12:28.519 --> 00:12:33.360 which we had three treaties and we made a single treaty with Central America 153 00:12:33.879 --> 00:12:35.919 after a few years and another tendency is that treaties are made between a large 154 00:12:35.960 --> 00:12:39.960 number of countries, which are those that are known as mega regional agreements, 155 00:12:41.759 --> 00:12:46.279 because they usually comprise one region of the world, then they are agreements between 156 00:12:46.519 --> 00:12:52.440 several countries, a large number of countries and, because of their importance, 157 00:12:52.639 --> 00:12:58.080 in the case of tipat, not only by their size, by the number 158 00:12:58.159 --> 00:13:03.679 of countries that make up it twelve and soon with the accession of the United 159 00:13:03.799 --> 00:13:07.679 Kingdom, but not and soon with the injury of the United Kingdom twelve, 160 00:13:09.080 --> 00:13:13.159 but because it corresponds to a market of 500 million people, fifteen percent of 161 00:13:13.320 --> 00:13:15.919 the world pyri and thirteen percent of the world trade. Among these, among 162 00:13:16.039 --> 00:13:20.519 those tipa countries they have all this relative importance in the economy, in the 163 00:13:20.600 --> 00:13:26.279 number of people and in trade who have asked to join the tipa so far 164 00:13:26.440 --> 00:13:31.679 formally has done so the United Kingdom, China, Taipei and Chinese. That 165 00:13:31.759 --> 00:13:35.840 you know this then, that it is an economy that some countries of the 166 00:13:35.919 --> 00:13:41.919 world recognize as an independent country of China, and other countries, including Mexico, 167 00:13:41.039 --> 00:13:48.759 do not recognize as an independent country of mainland China. Let' s 168 00:13:48.840 --> 00:13:52.919 say then it' s called in the agreements of the international organizations Taipei, 169 00:13:54.279 --> 00:13:56.440 Taipei, Chinese and it' s called economy, it' s not called 170 00:13:56.679 --> 00:14:01.159 country not then Chinese tipe, Ecuador, Costa Rica and Uruguay. Only the 171 00:14:01.200 --> 00:14:05.799 United Kingdom has concluded accession negotiations. There are already other economies, such as 172 00:14:05.879 --> 00:14:09.200 South Korea, Thailand and the Philippines, which in fact are not economies, 173 00:14:09.440 --> 00:14:13.240 but are countries that have also publicly expressed their interest in joining, but have 174 00:14:15.519 --> 00:14:18.919 not made the formal and current request. Let' s see how this accession 175 00:14:18.960 --> 00:14:22.879 thing works and how the UK did it. Well, that' s it. 176 00:14:22.919 --> 00:14:28.080 Before that. Let me explain a little bit to Mexico what the Tipat 177 00:14:28.159 --> 00:14:33.159 Comprehensive and Progressive Treaty of Transpacific Association means. It has a name of a 178 00:14:33.320 --> 00:14:39.519 very long and complicated Treaty of Integral and Progressive Transpacific Association in English is more 179 00:14:39.519 --> 00:14:45.759 difficult. That' s CPITITT. It looks like a tongue- teller or, 180 00:14:45.960 --> 00:14:50.759 it looks like the eight- year- old boy crying PITIPIPI and before 181 00:14:50.799 --> 00:14:50.279 it was called TIPIPI, we didn' t give him a name in Spanish. 182 00:14:50.320 --> 00:14:56.519 When it was called TPPE in English it was the Transpacific Partnership, we 183 00:14:56.600 --> 00:14:58.480 didn' t give it a name in Spanish because it didn' t even 184 00:14:58.559 --> 00:15:01.399 give us time to put a name in Spanish. Now for Mexico, it 185 00:15:01.480 --> 00:15:05.879 is the best agreement in several chapters, even better in several chapters than Temach. 186 00:15:07.399 --> 00:15:11.519 I say it is an opinion of the of course personal and one of 187 00:15:11.600 --> 00:15:18.600 the two best negotiated so far, along with the TENEC has the decision to 188 00:15:18.720 --> 00:15:22.039 enter into this negotiation of Mexico, which is above all geopolitical. In fact, 189 00:15:22.080 --> 00:15:28.320 the birth of the TPP is more of a geopolitical strategy event than anything. 190 00:15:30.279 --> 00:15:33.879 Despite that, despite the fact that Mexico considered it important to join this 191 00:15:33.919 --> 00:15:39.799 exercise of an agreement in Asia, with countries in Asia Pacific and with countries 192 00:15:39.840 --> 00:15:45.480 in the Americas, because in addition, the United States was leading the process. 193 00:15:45.840 --> 00:15:48.159 Despite that, Mexico entered the negotiations very late. It is worth saying 194 00:15:48.200 --> 00:15:52.759 that we entered the Fifteenth Round until the Fifteenth Round, that is, from 195 00:15:52.840 --> 00:15:56.919 three to twelve December of two thousand and twelve. I remember very well, 196 00:15:58.159 --> 00:16:03.080 because the first round that came to Mexico, the Round Fifteen, was in 197 00:16:03.159 --> 00:16:07.080 Oakland, in New Zealand, is possibly the furthest place you can go, 198 00:16:07.240 --> 00:16:11.960 being in Mexico on a good plan, in the farthest place you can go. 199 00:16:12.279 --> 00:16:18.080 And then we went out, like, thirty- one, like, 200 00:16:18.480 --> 00:16:19.039 November 30th. She' s not thirty- one. On November 30, 201 00:16:19.480 --> 00:16:26.080 we left Mexico and arrived on November 2. Because of the time difference and 202 00:16:26.159 --> 00:16:32.159 throughout the trip, we arrived on December 2nd in Oakland. Then, and 203 00:16:32.279 --> 00:16:36.639 just then, it was the change of government. Then he stopped, stopped 204 00:16:36.799 --> 00:16:41.639 being President of Felipe Calderón and took office enrique Peña niet just as we were 205 00:16:42.600 --> 00:16:47.480 flying to Oakland in the first round of negotiations. Then we arrived and the 206 00:16:47.480 --> 00:16:49.200 first thing we wrote is that we might not have the same bosses anymore. 207 00:16:51.000 --> 00:16:55.159 They were later ratified, but we arrived at that level of uncertainty to participate 208 00:16:55.200 --> 00:16:57.600 in the first round of negotiations. I remember very well what the main benefits 209 00:16:57.639 --> 00:17:03.759 for Mexico are preferential access to six new markets, i e with six of 210 00:17:04.160 --> 00:17:11.599 those until then. Until then there were, along with Mexico and Canada, 211 00:17:11.759 --> 00:17:17.440 who entered the same round. Fifteen of us were nine countries, not true. 212 00:17:17.519 --> 00:17:22.119 Forgive me, we were already eleven countries. So in those eleven countries 213 00:17:22.319 --> 00:17:25.839 there are six countries with which we have no treaty other than the TPP. 214 00:17:26.079 --> 00:17:30.640 So Australia, New Zealand, Bruneia, Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam, which 215 00:17:30.680 --> 00:17:36.839 are their abbreviations, at least the ones we use in negotiations with those countries. 216 00:17:37.200 --> 00:17:38.559 We didn' t have a treaty. Then. Making a treaty with 217 00:17:38.680 --> 00:17:47.079 the TPP represented six new countries where we could sell our products as Mexican exporters 218 00:17:47.160 --> 00:17:52.000 of goods or services. Products are goods and sawdust. In addition, we 219 00:17:52.039 --> 00:17:56.279 could have access to countries with high purchasing power. Some of them had high 220 00:17:56.359 --> 00:18:00.000 purchasing power with like New Zealand, just new markets for Mexico, such as 221 00:18:00.000 --> 00:18:07.039 Singapore, New Zealand and Australia. We were then entering to play with countries 222 00:18:07.119 --> 00:18:10.279 in the most dynamic region of the world towards the Pacific. We no longer 223 00:18:10.319 --> 00:18:14.559 had treaties with North America, dealing with Europe, but they were regions of 224 00:18:14.680 --> 00:18:18.119 the world that, while very important, were also the regions that were growing 225 00:18:18.240 --> 00:18:21.839 less. The most dynamic region was thus Pacific. Then, finally, we 226 00:18:21.880 --> 00:18:26.359 joined the global value chains of Asia Pacific, when this whole issue of globalization 227 00:18:26.519 --> 00:18:32.400 and global value chains was important. Then we had a pandemic and we had 228 00:18:32.440 --> 00:18:37.240 another series of global events that made us rather think of one more topic of 229 00:18:37.440 --> 00:18:41.720 geographical shortening, of supply chains, which is now known as New Shorting. 230 00:18:42.799 --> 00:18:48.920 But then, in this context also enter the TPP, seen from now on 231 00:18:48.000 --> 00:18:52.319 also becomes an important decision as a door to the United States. Mexico becomes 232 00:18:52.400 --> 00:18:59.000 an imperte to the United States. Well the good Nashorrin which is this tpp 233 00:18:59.559 --> 00:19:03.640 let me tell you also quickly, because the tipa at the end of the 234 00:19:03.759 --> 00:19:07.359 day is the TPPM. In the United States, the formula would be TPP 235 00:19:07.759 --> 00:19:12.720 - like types minus the United States. Then it is an almost cumulative continuous 236 00:19:12.799 --> 00:19:15.400 process to reach TPATS. In other words, it is an idea that starts 237 00:19:15.559 --> 00:19:21.000 to grow since the late 1980s when APEC, the APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation 238 00:19:21.079 --> 00:19:29.039 Mechanism, is created. APEC was already talking about some general principles. I 239 00:19:29.160 --> 00:19:32.119 don' t know if you know about this forum, but it' s 240 00:19:32.240 --> 00:19:36.920 a forum that makes up twenty- one economies here, if we talk about 241 00:19:36.920 --> 00:19:41.759 twenty- one economies, because there' s Taiwan, there' s China, 242 00:19:42.119 --> 00:19:45.480 as different parts of the mechanism, and from APEX it was mentioned that 243 00:19:45.480 --> 00:19:45.480 it would be very useful to have a free trade agreement from all of peaceful 244 00:19:45.480 --> 00:19:51.559 Asia. But the EPP mechanism as its nature was much more flexible. So, 245 00:19:52.000 --> 00:19:56.240 there, in APEC, most commitments are voluntary, not mandatory, as 246 00:19:56.319 --> 00:20:00.559 in other international forums, such as the World Trade Organization or the Organization for 247 00:20:00.640 --> 00:20:07.240 Economic Cooperation. I mean, there was here, there was this, this 248 00:20:07.359 --> 00:20:12.079 principle or voluntary commitment. Countries, economies, excuse me, decided what commitments 249 00:20:12.680 --> 00:20:15.160 they made and, on the other hand, there was a growing country. 250 00:20:15.160 --> 00:20:19.200 We should not use ABEC to make a peaceful Asia free trade agreement among the 251 00:20:19.240 --> 00:20:22.759 twenty- one. This idea of one of a peaceful Asia free trade agreement 252 00:20:22.759 --> 00:20:26.359 does not materialize until two thousand fourteen, but there was already a little bit 253 00:20:26.400 --> 00:20:30.400 among some countries the initiative to do and before it had done, four of 254 00:20:30.400 --> 00:20:36.440 the three twenty- one economies are Bruneida, ar Usalam, Chile, Singapore 255 00:20:37.000 --> 00:20:41.079 ' s New Zelan come together and make a free trade agreement known as P 256 00:20:41.079 --> 00:20:47.079 four. It' s actually called a transpacific strategic agreement. The economic partnership. 257 00:20:47.240 --> 00:20:49.400 Not every time in Asia. I think they like complicated names and it 258 00:20:51.119 --> 00:20:53.079 ' s still in force. It does not come into force in two thousand 259 00:20:53.160 --> 00:20:57.519 six and remains in force between them four, but then it is decided to 260 00:20:57.559 --> 00:21:02.279 grow this P four and two and in two thousand eight the United States shows 261 00:21:02.319 --> 00:21:03.240 interest in adding that it is also a political decision of the United States. 262 00:21:03.279 --> 00:21:08.119 Says I need to play in the courtyard of China, which is growing in 263 00:21:08.119 --> 00:21:11.720 an important way. And how I' m gonna play China' s yard. 264 00:21:11.960 --> 00:21:15.400 I am going to join an agreement that has more or less aligned what 265 00:21:15.440 --> 00:21:19.599 I am looking for and I am going to propose to you to modernize your 266 00:21:21.400 --> 00:21:26.480 disciplines and have disciplines that I want to counter disciplines that China could negotiate in 267 00:21:26.640 --> 00:21:32.160 your region with other countries. So, for example, China brought the initiative 268 00:21:32.240 --> 00:21:37.599 of ARZIP, which is fifteen countries that make it up in the same region. 269 00:21:37.839 --> 00:21:44.079 Then the p four plus the United States is posed as that strategy of 270 00:21:44.160 --> 00:21:48.440 playing in the field in the Chinese field by the United States. In March 271 00:21:48.440 --> 00:21:53.160 of two thousand ten two thousand begin negotiations already between the four originals of the 272 00:21:53.319 --> 00:21:59.400 P four pifo plus the United States and then participate from round one, Peru, 273 00:21:59.519 --> 00:22:03.400 Australia and Vietnam, which join this exercise. Then the TPP negotiation between 274 00:22:03.480 --> 00:22:07.759 eight was born, but look at it was an agreement that first, if 275 00:22:07.079 --> 00:22:12.000 I am not mistaken, was to prove an agreement between two, between New 276 00:22:12.160 --> 00:22:15.559 Zealand and Chile, and then becomes the P- 4. Then P four 277 00:22:15.680 --> 00:22:19.240 is launched as TPP already participate eight and in October two thousand ten is added 278 00:22:19.359 --> 00:22:22.599 in Malaysia, there are already nine and in December, as I said, 279 00:22:22.799 --> 00:22:26.039 two thousand twelve is added in Mexico and Canada and there are already eleven in 280 00:22:26.119 --> 00:22:30.240 the negotiation. And finally, in March of two thousand thirteen Japan joins as 281 00:22:30.319 --> 00:22:34.319 in number twelve in the TPT negotiation. And until October four, two thousand 282 00:22:34.359 --> 00:22:38.359 and fifteen, the negotiations between the twelve converge. It' s a very 283 00:22:38.359 --> 00:22:41.079 ambitious deal. Right now. We' ll see because it' s important. 284 00:22:41.160 --> 00:22:44.000 It is the subject of this presentation that the TIPAT brings and why the 285 00:22:44.079 --> 00:22:48.559 UK goes up to it. The negotiations are concluded, the TPP is signed 286 00:22:48.640 --> 00:22:55.799 on February 5, two thousand sixteen and then something happens in two thousand sixteen, 287 00:22:56.119 --> 00:23:00.599 which is precisely because the pardon in January of two thousand seventeen of the 288 00:23:00.640 --> 00:23:04.720 election of the United States favors Donald Trump and the first act of government or 289 00:23:04.839 --> 00:23:10.720 the second act of government no longer remember very well is precisely to get out 290 00:23:10.839 --> 00:23:14.240 of the TPP. We have heard this many times. The United States leaves 291 00:23:14.359 --> 00:23:17.279 the TPP. It' s not twelve, it' s eleven. He 292 00:23:17.319 --> 00:23:19.359 didn' t really get out of the TPP. Formally speaking, he did 293 00:23:19.440 --> 00:23:23.079 not leave on 23 January. What he does is that Donald Trump signs and 294 00:23:23.119 --> 00:23:32.079 so with all the press shows an executive order in which he decides to suspend 295 00:23:32.160 --> 00:23:34.440 the TPP process. For the United States, that is to say, the 296 00:23:34.519 --> 00:23:38.759 TPP was already signed, but this was missing from the post- negotiation, 297 00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:45.200 which is precisely to ratify in domestic procedures, international treaties. So, what 298 00:23:45.240 --> 00:23:48.160 to say about the United States is no longer to ratify the TPP in your 299 00:23:48.160 --> 00:23:52.000 Congress. That is why it is said that the United States leaves the negotiation, 300 00:23:52.319 --> 00:23:56.680 although formally there was still no TPP and that is why it did not 301 00:23:56.720 --> 00:24:00.720 even give us time to name it, a man in Spain. So, 302 00:24:00.759 --> 00:24:03.400 that' s why I guess this process over so many years is a cumulative 303 00:24:03.440 --> 00:24:08.519 process of countries continuing to get to what we' re going to have now 304 00:24:08.640 --> 00:24:12.039 with the United Kingdom, which we could call the plus type not either tipat 305 00:24:12.279 --> 00:24:19.039 plus one or we could call it to make it more difficult CPT, CPT 306 00:24:21.400 --> 00:24:26.559 PAP Ottipata Treaty, Comprehensive and Progressive Treaty of Trans- Pacific and Atlantic Partnership. 307 00:24:26.680 --> 00:24:30.160 Not because, moreover, now with the United Kingdom, because we are 308 00:24:30.240 --> 00:24:34.759 already breaking the fact that they are countries that have coasts with the Pacific, 309 00:24:36.359 --> 00:24:40.400 because I do not see anywhere the coast with the Pacific of the United Kingdom, 310 00:24:40.599 --> 00:24:44.839 but rather with the Atlantic Ocean. But if his name is not changed, 311 00:24:45.119 --> 00:24:48.480 he will be called tipat or tipa blus or tipa twelve. I don 312 00:24:49.039 --> 00:24:52.000 ' t know yet. It is not very clear whether colloquially this agreement will 313 00:24:52.039 --> 00:25:00.680 be renamed. What TPP contains and then TIPATS contain all these chapters. They 314 00:25:00.839 --> 00:25:03.559 did not change the chapters by migrating from the TPP to the TPAT, that 315 00:25:03.680 --> 00:25:07.359 is, when you leave for the United States, you do a whole exercise 316 00:25:07.480 --> 00:25:11.640 that I am now going to tell you. But basically, the provisions of 317 00:25:11.720 --> 00:25:15.200 the chapters change very little the thousand and so many pages that this Treaty has, 318 00:25:15.960 --> 00:25:19.880 which is one of the most ambitious and one of the best that the 319 00:25:21.000 --> 00:25:25.119 world has and one of the two best that it has in Mexico, does 320 00:25:25.319 --> 00:25:27.440 not change much with the departure from the United States. We have, in 321 00:25:27.440 --> 00:25:30.720 fact, at the end of the day, we have thirty chapters. Here 322 00:25:30.839 --> 00:25:37.319 you can see the thirty chapters arranged in three important baskets. All those chapters 323 00:25:37.359 --> 00:25:41.680 which are drawers, the Treaties which we call institutional, for example, initial 324 00:25:41.759 --> 00:25:48.519 provisions and general definitions, exceptions and general provisions, final provisions, administrative and 325 00:25:48.559 --> 00:25:52.279 institutional provisions. They' re all chapters, just like him. Let' 326 00:25:52.279 --> 00:25:56.920 s say the administration of the Treaties, how they work, how they end, 327 00:25:56.400 --> 00:26:00.400 how they start, how they add elements. Then, those institutional chapters, 328 00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:07.119 plus some existing chapters that did not undergo major changes from what was being 329 00:26:07.200 --> 00:26:11.559 negotiated by Mexico. These enter the first basket everyone who sells that first column. 330 00:26:12.039 --> 00:26:15.920 It is, therefore, a series of chapters in which there was deepening 331 00:26:15.960 --> 00:26:21.240 or major changes with which Mexico was being negotiated as a customs administration and trade 332 00:26:21.279 --> 00:26:26.440 facilitation, where the ARMC Trade Facilitation Agreement is incorporated, where sanitary and phytosanitary 333 00:26:26.480 --> 00:26:30.519 measures and technical barriers to trade are made much better chapter than had been done 334 00:26:30.599 --> 00:26:37.559 before. It makes a super ambitious investment chapter, very interesting, with very 335 00:26:38.119 --> 00:26:45.279 different views between the TPP countries and after TIPAT. There is a very ambitious 336 00:26:45.319 --> 00:26:55.839 chapter on services, on financial services. There is also a different discussion than 337 00:26:55.880 --> 00:26:59.160 the one that had been going on for years in the temporary entry chapter of 338 00:26:59.240 --> 00:27:03.039 business people. Here I tell you, for example, that normally in these 339 00:27:03.079 --> 00:27:08.039 chapters of temporary entry of business people we just had here in FTA let' 340 00:27:08.079 --> 00:27:12.839 s barter a presentation of some migration issues and there was some talk about this 341 00:27:14.200 --> 00:27:18.359 topic in the chapter of the temporary treatment of business people of almost all our 342 00:27:18.519 --> 00:27:23.880 treaties before TPT were equal. They had four categories common to all parts of 343 00:27:23.960 --> 00:27:30.640 the Treaty of business people who were basically business visitors, merchants, investors, 344 00:27:30.720 --> 00:27:33.519 that is, people who go to another country to close a business, chance 345 00:27:33.519 --> 00:27:40.079 an investment, intracompany transfers that are companies, people who move from a parent 346 00:27:40.119 --> 00:27:44.240 company to a branch, a subsidiary in another country, that is, they 347 00:27:44.240 --> 00:27:47.400 change not to change companies, but they change countries within the same company, 348 00:27:47.519 --> 00:27:53.759 transfers, below companies and professionals, those four categories. They were usually negotiated 349 00:27:53.880 --> 00:27:59.839 in all the Mexican Treaties, from the Telecano to the TPP, then TIPS. 350 00:28:00.200 --> 00:28:03.519 But there' s something going on in the TPP and the TIPAT with 351 00:28:03.519 --> 00:28:07.480 the United States. The United States since remember that this negotiation began in the 352 00:28:07.480 --> 00:28:10.720 two thousand and ten ended in two thousand and fifteen. America. Over there, 353 00:28:10.799 --> 00:28:14.759 two thousand four receives a recommendation from your Congress that you cannot negotiate any 354 00:28:14.839 --> 00:28:22.079 more agreements that have migratory provisions. So, in a way, Lester understands 355 00:28:22.160 --> 00:28:25.599 that they' re the ones who negotiate in America. He understood that more 356 00:28:25.680 --> 00:28:29.200 chapters of temporary work could no longer be negotiated and that they no longer negotiated 357 00:28:29.319 --> 00:28:33.839 seasonally in their Treaties. When we get to the TPP, all the other 358 00:28:33.920 --> 00:28:37.920 countries want to have a chapter of temporary draw and the U S tells them 359 00:28:38.079 --> 00:28:40.880 perfect have a chapter of temporary altra. But I don' t make any 360 00:28:41.240 --> 00:28:44.200 compromise, I mean, I don' t give you access to any of 361 00:28:44.319 --> 00:28:48.039 the four categories, to any category, in fact, because I have a 362 00:28:48.119 --> 00:28:52.839 ban on a congress and then, before done, what could have happened is 363 00:28:52.839 --> 00:28:56.759 that all countries made commitments and that the United States was what is known in 364 00:28:56.759 --> 00:29:02.279 economy as a free rider, one that travels free and benefits from temporary entry 365 00:29:02.319 --> 00:29:07.359 commitments without making commitments for themselves to avoid that changes the dynamics of this chapter 366 00:29:07.480 --> 00:29:11.000 and then what is done is reciprocity. If I give Mexico four categories, 367 00:29:11.200 --> 00:29:17.079 Australia, Southern Area also gives me access in those four categories. If I 368 00:29:17.160 --> 00:29:21.440 give Mexico, Mexico, Chile six categories of business people. Chile gives me 369 00:29:21.519 --> 00:29:25.400 six categories of new people. And so America, as it does not give 370 00:29:25.519 --> 00:29:29.640 any category of business people. No one has any category of business people as 371 00:29:29.680 --> 00:29:34.079 a profit. Then it also profoundly changes this chapter of temporary trarat telecommunications. 372 00:29:34.160 --> 00:29:37.359 You don' t say. We also came in this way from a profound 373 00:29:37.400 --> 00:29:44.119 reform in telecommunications from two thousand, two thousand thirteen, more or less. 374 00:29:44.720 --> 00:29:48.799 Several things about telecommunications, of the telecommunications reform, are now incorporated into these 375 00:29:48.920 --> 00:29:53.160 very ambitious chapters, state- owned companies and designated monopeblis. It is a 376 00:29:53.200 --> 00:30:00.400 chapter that also undergoes important changes in intellectual property, a very complicated chapter. 377 00:30:00.480 --> 00:30:07.079 In fact, it was the last item to be negotiated in this negotiation, 378 00:30:07.279 --> 00:30:11.480 in this TPP negotiation. The last item was a few minutes before the ministerial 379 00:30:11.519 --> 00:30:17.799 meeting. Practically and chapter for the first time, a labor chapter and an 380 00:30:17.880 --> 00:30:22.839 environmental chapter for Mexico. We had no chapters like this, we had parallel 381 00:30:22.960 --> 00:30:26.559 agreements on the telecan and we had no chapters on any other Treaty. And 382 00:30:26.640 --> 00:30:33.039 then a whole new set of chapters or additional topics, like e- commerce, 383 00:30:33.720 --> 00:30:37.240 possibly one of the most ambitious chapters in e- commerce, or maybe 384 00:30:37.319 --> 00:30:42.559 TENEC is already a little more ambitious than this TPP. But cooperation and capacity 385 00:30:42.599 --> 00:30:48.279 development is a chapter on development, a chapter on competitiveness and business facilitation that 386 00:30:48.359 --> 00:30:52.640 is repeated later in the tp negotiations but a chapter for the first time of 387 00:30:52.720 --> 00:30:59.160 regulatory coherence SMEs, very important when countries have already completely derecorded their entire tariff 388 00:31:00.559 --> 00:31:04.680 and almost no tariffs are charged. What follows the following barriers are how they 389 00:31:04.799 --> 00:31:11.599 are regulated and the regulatory aspect is precisely that regulations can be easily read among 390 00:31:11.640 --> 00:31:17.200 the most countries. A very interesting chapter that was born for the first time 391 00:31:17.240 --> 00:31:22.680 in the TPP on anti- corruption, taking as a reference some guidelines that 392 00:31:22.759 --> 00:31:29.480 had been negotiated a little earlier in the aogde that are called guidelines for multinational 393 00:31:29.480 --> 00:31:34.480 companies. Famous lems take some principles from the OGDE' s lems and the 394 00:31:34.599 --> 00:31:40.359 Mexican private sector proposes an anti- corruption chapter to the Mexican government. The 395 00:31:40.400 --> 00:31:45.079 Mexican government proposes it at the table and we have for the first time an 396 00:31:45.799 --> 00:31:49.680 anti- corruption chapter in an international treaty such as the TPP. Then tipat 397 00:31:49.960 --> 00:31:53.400 when it is made of TIPATS, which is the one being lived in the 398 00:31:53.440 --> 00:31:59.240 UK, all these chapters remain. What' s the change? Well, 399 00:31:59.319 --> 00:32:01.359 let' s see what' s the one change there is with respect to 400 00:32:01.440 --> 00:32:06.839 TPP and TIPATS. Yeah, alone. Only 22 provisions are removed, they 401 00:32:06.920 --> 00:32:10.920 are not chapters, they are not even articles. Sometimes they are only specific 402 00:32:12.000 --> 00:32:16.519 provisions that are removed from the text of the TPP, and then what remains 403 00:32:16.640 --> 00:32:21.799 is the TIPATS. So it' s a relatively easy negotiation, because it 404 00:32:21.920 --> 00:32:25.359 ' s the United States that comes out, so what countries do is we 405 00:32:25.480 --> 00:32:30.400 ' re going to look for all those provisions that were from the United States, 406 00:32:30.720 --> 00:32:34.640 only from the United States and that no one else supported and that we 407 00:32:34.640 --> 00:32:37.039 don' t want to have in the TPP. Twenty- two provisions are 408 00:32:37.119 --> 00:32:42.319 found during the tipat negotiation and the text of the TPP is then removed. 409 00:32:42.400 --> 00:32:45.319 Less than 22 provisions is the text of the TIPATS. What are some of 410 00:32:45.400 --> 00:32:50.000 them, for example, eleven in intellectual property. Some topics, for example, 411 00:32:51.000 --> 00:32:52.640 that it was going to be with the new uses of a patent that 412 00:32:52.680 --> 00:32:57.880 had already been granted, if it was going there was a provision that proposed 413 00:32:57.880 --> 00:33:00.640 the United States that was also removed, that was to extend the duration of 414 00:33:00.759 --> 00:33:06.960 the patent when for some reason not attributable to the patent applicant, It was 415 00:33:07.039 --> 00:33:12.319 prolonged for longer than necessary the entire administrative process of granting the patent, protection 416 00:33:12.400 --> 00:33:19.640 of undisclosed data, protection of medicines of biological origin, which this was one 417 00:33:19.680 --> 00:33:25.200 of the most sensitive issues for Mexico, is managed to remove from the TPP 418 00:33:25.279 --> 00:33:29.279 by doing the negotiation of the TIPAT. In addition, such as satellite signal 419 00:33:29.359 --> 00:33:35.880 protection and some legal resources available to providers, Internet service providers, Internet Service 420 00:33:35.920 --> 00:33:44.200 providers or ISPS in services to trade in services. There are three provisions that 421 00:33:44.319 --> 00:33:47.240 are removed. Some topic that bothered Bruneite from his list of commitments without services 422 00:33:47.240 --> 00:33:53.960 anymore. An annex on Express Delivery Service Express that proposed to the United States 423 00:33:53.960 --> 00:34:00.920 and that Mexico did not like anything. A small provision on the scope of 424 00:34:00.039 --> 00:34:05.640 government procurement is also removed from the TPP. The same and other provisions that 425 00:34:05.759 --> 00:34:07.480 are removed, for example, in fast- delivery shipments, which also proposed 426 00:34:07.559 --> 00:34:10.400 it to the United States. In other words, the United States was very 427 00:34:10.440 --> 00:34:15.159 keen on the issue of express delivery services that have to do with electronic commerce, 428 00:34:15.360 --> 00:34:21.440 but also with parcel delivery and message and dispute resolution in telecommunications, that 429 00:34:21.800 --> 00:34:24.679 this is a disposal that is removed when moving to TIPAT and that Mexico wanted 430 00:34:24.760 --> 00:34:31.559 it removed because due to the telecommunications reform, one could no longer have a 431 00:34:31.679 --> 00:34:37.920 recourse as an administrative review that before Mexico' s telecommunications reform could be made. 432 00:34:38.960 --> 00:34:42.159 So, with the telecommunications reform, you can no longer have this administrative 433 00:34:42.199 --> 00:34:46.000 review resource in our country. And when we came to the negotiation, remember 434 00:34:46.079 --> 00:34:52.000 that we arrived at the negotiation in the Fifteenth Round was already agreed large parts 435 00:34:52.119 --> 00:34:55.159 of some texts, including in telecommunications. It had already been agreed that there 436 00:34:55.239 --> 00:35:01.079 should be this mechanism for the settlement of disputes between communications that incorporated this administrative 437 00:35:01.119 --> 00:35:06.280 vision that was no longer permitted in Mexican law. But since we were new 438 00:35:06.400 --> 00:35:09.199 to the negotiation I think we couldn' t take it away unless everyone else 439 00:35:09.239 --> 00:35:13.719 agreed. And, obviously, because everyone else did not agree, then we 440 00:35:14.679 --> 00:35:19.760 had gotten used to it, we had gotten used to it, resigned ourselves 441 00:35:19.800 --> 00:35:22.800 to having that provision that there went against Mexican legislation. When the U S 442 00:35:23.039 --> 00:35:28.360 leaves the TPP and allows us to remove that provision from the text of this 443 00:35:28.960 --> 00:35:32.480 PRFE, plus some investment provisions that also gave it more interest from U S 444 00:35:32.599 --> 00:35:37.719 investors and that gave the U S a greater power to sue the U S. 445 00:35:38.199 --> 00:35:45.960 Then those investment provisions, which were called investment authorizations, especially investment uses 446 00:35:45.039 --> 00:35:52.159 and investment agreements was another, were removed from the text of TPP. So 447 00:35:52.239 --> 00:35:55.239 the TPP minus twenty- two provisions is the type. That is the agreement 448 00:35:55.679 --> 00:36:01.679 and here you can see in this link that I share with them an explanation 449 00:36:01.719 --> 00:36:08.239 for one of the twenty- two provisions that were removed in which they were 450 00:36:08.280 --> 00:36:10.000 removed at that time from the text to make the tipat. So we already 451 00:36:10.079 --> 00:36:15.360 have the tipat here you can see the negotiation process. It was a year 452 00:36:15.440 --> 00:36:20.880 or so about ten meetings where it was agreed, because what I am telling 453 00:36:21.079 --> 00:36:24.440 you is to choose a few provisions where everyone agreed to remove them and what 454 00:36:25.440 --> 00:36:32.440 was left, because it was already the girl. The negotiations in neo of 455 00:36:32.480 --> 00:36:38.559 two thousand eighteen are concluded and the tipat is finally filmed in March of two 456 00:36:38.599 --> 00:36:43.599 thousand eighteen in Santiago de Chile, and then comes the whole process that I 457 00:36:43.639 --> 00:36:49.159 already told them of ratification. It was gradually ratified, and now we will 458 00:36:49.239 --> 00:36:52.400 see how the Treaty enters into force. Look carefully, this is the technical 459 00:36:52.440 --> 00:36:59.039 file of the tipa thirty chapters I already told them related to horizontal trade and 460 00:36:59.119 --> 00:37:05.440 or new topics, of baskets, twenty- two suspended provisions that were only 461 00:37:05.480 --> 00:37:07.199 proposed by the United States and to leave to the United States, as they 462 00:37:07.199 --> 00:37:10.920 are removed. This is important. How does IPAT come into effect when six 463 00:37:12.039 --> 00:37:15.440 countries or at least fifty percent of the GDP of the TEPP countries warn that 464 00:37:16.039 --> 00:37:21.280 they have already done their ratification process, the one I tell them that Mexico 465 00:37:21.440 --> 00:37:24.320 does it the Senate. When six countries warn or fifty percent of GDP warns, 466 00:37:25.079 --> 00:37:30.199 this enters into force the rate does not then type TE enters live right 467 00:37:30.280 --> 00:37:37.239 there as the thirty- thirty of November of two thousand eighteen hot right now. 468 00:37:37.760 --> 00:37:40.000 We' re going to see him with six other countries. Not then 469 00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:46.639 were five more to ratify and about fifteen days later Vietnam ratifies it. Not 470 00:37:47.159 --> 00:37:52.719 this one, or first thing. They ratify this Australia, in Australia, 471 00:37:53.119 --> 00:38:06.320 New Zealand and Canada, Mexico, to see if I remember, Singapore and 472 00:38:07.239 --> 00:38:12.039 Mexico I do not lack. And then, fifteen days later, Vietnam ratifies 473 00:38:12.039 --> 00:38:15.280 it. And then there were seven and there were no more four that were 474 00:38:15.360 --> 00:38:22.880 Chile and Peru, Malasha and Brunei. Interestingly, Malasi and Brunei, who 475 00:38:22.920 --> 00:38:24.559 were the ones who could most easily approve it, had not approved it. 476 00:38:25.239 --> 00:38:35.280 Little. Then Peru tries it. After Peru, Chile proves it, if 477 00:38:35.400 --> 00:38:37.719 I am not mistaken, then Malaysia and finally a few weeks ago this Brunel. 478 00:38:39.960 --> 00:38:45.920 Then there are already tipats with eleven countries in force. And that' 479 00:38:46.000 --> 00:38:52.119 s how it operates today, already with the eleven countries and here I put 480 00:38:52.239 --> 00:38:55.679 in green to highlight how accessions work. Any State territory of the independent nervese 481 00:38:55.800 --> 00:39:00.199 will be able to accede to the new agreement in terms, terms and with 482 00:39:00.280 --> 00:39:04.239 ndis to be negotiated between the parties. Anyone has been influencing the United States 483 00:39:04.480 --> 00:39:10.599 on U S day wants to return, as they would have to negotiate terms 484 00:39:10.679 --> 00:39:15.119 and conditions to agree again pay back to enter. And well, that' 485 00:39:15.159 --> 00:39:19.679 s a little bit of the tipat' s data sheet How' s the 486 00:39:19.679 --> 00:39:24.440 adhesion process. Here comes Article 34 of the TPAT Agreement agreements. This Treaty 487 00:39:24.440 --> 00:39:29.519 is open to accession by sub- paragraph to any other customs State or territory 488 00:39:29.599 --> 00:39:34.679 which is a member of APEC. The only State is the only territory of 489 00:39:34.760 --> 00:39:37.559 a different one. Someone who is not an APEC member state is Iwan. 490 00:39:37.960 --> 00:39:42.360 We are talking about Chinese Taipa and any other APEC country, that is, 491 00:39:43.480 --> 00:39:47.199 the 20 APEC or Taiwan economies. It is open to all adherence by any 492 00:39:47.280 --> 00:39:52.000 of them that is no longer a part of TIPAT. Plus any other customs 493 00:39:52.119 --> 00:39:55.679 territory that the parties may agree to. I do not know any other customs 494 00:39:59.679 --> 00:40:02.199 territory under that name, for example in the MC, in addition to Taipei 495 00:40:02.199 --> 00:40:06.360 Ching. But well, if there is another and the parts hang it, 496 00:40:06.800 --> 00:40:09.119 this could also be part of the TYPLAT. Any other State, or any 497 00:40:09.199 --> 00:40:14.159 other country or territory of January other than that may be part of TIPETS. 498 00:40:15.320 --> 00:40:19.719 It is now important that it is prepared to comply with the obligations of that 499 00:40:19.719 --> 00:40:23.119 Treaty, subject to the terms and conditions that may be agreed between the State 500 00:40:23.199 --> 00:40:28.599 and the different customs territory and the parties and after approval in accordance with the 501 00:40:28.679 --> 00:40:32.719 applicable legal procedures of each party and the different donor territory that will henceforth be 502 00:40:32.800 --> 00:40:39.440 called a candidate for accession. So the literal text, obviously very legal of 503 00:40:39.480 --> 00:40:47.360 that article thirty paragraph four, article thirty four article four of chapter thirty accession 504 00:40:47.559 --> 00:40:52.880 is the first literal paragraph and then there are already another number of paragraphs, 505 00:40:52.199 --> 00:40:55.719 as for two pages more than what they contain is this does not have to 506 00:40:55.840 --> 00:41:00.719 be a written request. The United Kingdom then made a written depositary request. 507 00:41:02.000 --> 00:41:06.599 Working groups are then set up. A working group to negotiate the terms and 508 00:41:06.639 --> 00:41:10.239 conditions of accession. A working group, an Accession Working Group to WG, 509 00:41:10.760 --> 00:41:16.000 was set up to negotiate with the United Kingdom its membership of the tipat. 510 00:41:19.320 --> 00:41:27.519 This accession working group presents, as they conclude their negotiations, a written report 511 00:41:27.599 --> 00:41:32.280 containing three things. The first thing is the terms and conditions agreed with the 512 00:41:32.400 --> 00:41:39.800 candidate country. The Commission' s recommendation, a recommendation to the Free Trade 513 00:41:39.880 --> 00:41:45.639 Commission to address this issue. The Free Trade Commission is the Secretaries of Economy 514 00:41:46.079 --> 00:41:50.920 or Trade, the heads of trade of each of the Tipat countries meet regularly 515 00:41:50.960 --> 00:41:55.039 once a year, and that is called a meeting of the Free Trade Commission. 516 00:41:58.280 --> 00:42:00.679 It is then recommended that the Commission decide everything in this case that the 517 00:42:00.760 --> 00:42:07.159 working group recommends that the Commission accede in the terms and conditions agreed with the 518 00:42:07.239 --> 00:42:15.360 United Kingdom. And then that report also contains a proposal for a Commission decision 519 00:42:15.440 --> 00:42:20.239 in which these committees function, let us say legally through decisions. They are 520 00:42:20.280 --> 00:42:27.639 like legal instruments in which commissions make decisions. They are called the proposed decision 521 00:42:27.719 --> 00:42:30.880 of the Free Trial Commission. Very well afterwards this article also speaks of the 522 00:42:30.920 --> 00:42:36.360 fact that there are procedures for when one of the parties objects to the creation 523 00:42:36.480 --> 00:42:42.239 of an accession working group for an applicant or even the accession decision. Imagine, 524 00:42:42.280 --> 00:42:46.039 for example, among the applicants we have to tell them here a little 525 00:42:46.039 --> 00:42:53.679 bit back, among the applicants we have Chinese Taipei and Mexico has a one 526 00:42:53.920 --> 00:42:58.719 - China foreign policy, that is, it does not recognize Chinese Taipei as 527 00:42:58.760 --> 00:43:02.159 a country. It is very difficult to have a free trade agreement with a 528 00:43:02.159 --> 00:43:07.039 non- country. So, if you go ahead and form an accession working 529 00:43:07.119 --> 00:43:14.559 group with Chinese tipe, you will most likely have to object to this formation 530 00:43:14.599 --> 00:43:19.840 of this working group in Mexico, including accession. Then there is a procedure 531 00:43:19.880 --> 00:43:22.159 for making that objection. It' s not what that asset brings. The 532 00:43:22.199 --> 00:43:24.960 candidate for hession is also given a period of time to hand over his instrument 533 00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:28.559 of injury. That is, when accession was already negotiated under the terms of 534 00:43:28.639 --> 00:43:36.159 accession. There is a deadline for the United Kingdom to hand over its instrument 535 00:43:36.199 --> 00:43:38.920 of accession to the depositary. That is to say, to hand over an 536 00:43:39.000 --> 00:43:44.360 instrument of accession when it was approved by your Parliament and I finished and here 537 00:43:44.360 --> 00:43:45.199 is the instrument of accession. They hand it over to the depository. Who 538 00:43:45.239 --> 00:43:51.039 ' s the depositary? It is a tipa country that keeps all the legal 539 00:43:51.719 --> 00:43:57.119 documents, the original filmed text of the TIPAT, plus all the decisions of 540 00:43:57.199 --> 00:44:00.920 the Commission, plus the annexes, plus the parallel letters that the type could 541 00:44:01.039 --> 00:44:06.119 have. That depositary is New Zealand. If you enter the New Zealand page, 542 00:44:06.480 --> 00:44:09.280 there is a special page for the TIPAT as depositary, which is very 543 00:44:09.320 --> 00:44:15.440 complete. It has information for SMEs, it has all the information on the 544 00:44:15.519 --> 00:44:20.199 process that it represents economically for countries. Then it' s a page. 545 00:44:20.480 --> 00:44:29.360 They are very good sources of information in the Ministry of Trade, Foreign Affairs 546 00:44:29.360 --> 00:44:35.159 and Trade of New Zelan. Who is the depositary of time and then says 547 00:44:35.239 --> 00:44:37.239 when the accession comes into force. Well, the accession will come into being 548 00:44:37.320 --> 00:44:42.639 60 days after the instrument of accession is deposited, i e 60 days after 549 00:44:42.639 --> 00:44:46.920 the depositary is formally notified that the internal procedures have already been completed, i 550 00:44:47.079 --> 00:44:52.079 e sixty- two days after the United Kingdom notified New Zealand, which has 551 00:44:52.119 --> 00:44:57.719 already passed through its Parliament and the tipat was approved. The United Kingdom' 552 00:44:57.760 --> 00:45:00.559 s accession to the type would come into being and the United Kingdom said it 553 00:45:00.559 --> 00:45:05.639 would do so in the second half of the two thousand twenty- four or 554 00:45:05.880 --> 00:45:08.159 on an agreed date, because sometimes it is better than sixty days, exactly 555 00:45:08.239 --> 00:45:12.039 sixty days later, because perhaps, at the time of counting the sixty days, 556 00:45:13.400 --> 00:45:19.840 it may happen that they fall on a rare day, for example, 557 00:45:20.400 --> 00:45:24.880 on 13 March, or that it falls on 2 April, that is, 558 00:45:25.400 --> 00:45:28.920 that it does not fall in a fortnight or at the end of the month, 559 00:45:29.840 --> 00:45:32.440 and sometimes it is much easier for administrative purposes from a treaty that is 560 00:45:32.519 --> 00:45:37.840 counted as well as fortnights or by the beginning of the month. So, 561 00:45:38.000 --> 00:45:42.760 sometimes, if those sixty days don' t fall on a day, as 562 00:45:42.760 --> 00:45:45.119 well as on a fortnight or at the end of a month, it' 563 00:45:45.239 --> 00:45:49.320 s best to remind each other to go into Vigo now the next month to 564 00:45:49.440 --> 00:45:53.679 start the first of a month, for example, or the sixteen of a 565 00:45:53.679 --> 00:45:59.760 month, well. That is the process of accession followed by the United Kingdom. 566 00:46:00.360 --> 00:46:02.639 Now, as the TIPA already had all these thirty chapters that I taught 567 00:46:02.719 --> 00:46:09.760 them negotiated. In fact, the accession negotiation of the accession working party with 568 00:46:09.800 --> 00:46:15.119 the United Kingdom was therefore that the United Kingdom would be able to accept all 569 00:46:15.159 --> 00:46:19.599 the provisions of the chapters of the TPP the provisions of these 30 chapters and 570 00:46:19.639 --> 00:46:23.880 where there was negotiation was basically in the other large part of the free trade 571 00:46:23.960 --> 00:46:30.480 treaties, all the free trade treaties. Their level of mission is evidenced by 572 00:46:30.559 --> 00:46:37.719 both themes. The first theme is the whole chapter of the Treaty, which 573 00:46:37.840 --> 00:46:43.119 is the commitments or disciplines of that Treaty to which countries commit themselves in terms 574 00:46:43.159 --> 00:46:51.920 of disciplines or principles of the Treaty. And another major component is the market 575 00:46:51.960 --> 00:46:54.679 access lists, that is, what access is given to the goods market, 576 00:46:55.320 --> 00:47:00.440 what access is given to our partners, or traders in this Treaty, what 577 00:47:00.440 --> 00:47:04.159 access is given to the services market, what access is given to the investments 578 00:47:04.199 --> 00:47:12.960 of the partner states in this new Treaty. And then, in those negotiations 579 00:47:12.960 --> 00:47:16.159 that are called generic negotiations, they are called access negotiations. There are also 580 00:47:16.159 --> 00:47:20.000 access negotiations, for example, on government purchases. What access you' re 581 00:47:20.079 --> 00:47:24.400 going to give to shopping, public procurement, foreigners. So all those negotiations 582 00:47:24.519 --> 00:47:30.320 say those four and some say that up to five do not, because also 583 00:47:30.440 --> 00:47:36.000 the chapters of commercial enterprises for the mercy of the State also have their annexes. 584 00:47:36.639 --> 00:47:42.519 So let' s say that all those particular negotiations of what rate of 585 00:47:42.519 --> 00:47:45.719 relief I' m going to give you, what products in the case of 586 00:47:45.840 --> 00:47:50.920 goods, of how I' m going to consolidate the opening in the case 587 00:47:51.039 --> 00:47:54.360 of services or investment, of what activities are going to be covered by the 588 00:47:54.480 --> 00:47:58.199 rules of public procurement, under which thresholds and which sectors? All these access 589 00:47:58.239 --> 00:48:01.480 commitments are the second major component. And that second big component was what was 590 00:48:01.559 --> 00:48:06.760 negotiated with the United Kingdom, because that depends on each country. Each country 591 00:48:06.840 --> 00:48:13.280 has its own annexes on market access, goods, services, investment, government 592 00:48:13.360 --> 00:48:19.679 procurement and State- owned enterprises commitments. So that was negotiated with the United 593 00:48:19.719 --> 00:48:25.599 Kingdom. We do not yet have the negotiated text, but what some people 594 00:48:25.639 --> 00:48:30.360 who participated in the negotiation tell me, well, not that they do not 595 00:48:30.400 --> 00:48:32.760 participate in the negotiation, well, yes, that they participate in the negotiation, 596 00:48:32.920 --> 00:48:37.320 but that they are no longer negotiators or people who participated in the joint 597 00:48:37.320 --> 00:48:43.960 room. When there were still plenary meetings in the next quarter, it is 598 00:48:43.960 --> 00:48:46.760 that, in fact, the United Kingdom was very cautious in its market access 599 00:48:46.840 --> 00:48:52.559 commitments. He didn' t give them as much as the Tipat countries would 600 00:48:52.559 --> 00:48:55.119 have wanted. But, well, at the end of the day he stayed 601 00:48:55.199 --> 00:48:59.519 and took that and the UK is going to be part of the tipat with 602 00:48:59.599 --> 00:49:06.360 that as unambitious paramissions, for example, in trade in goods. We know 603 00:49:07.559 --> 00:49:12.960 that the United Kingdom wanted greater access from some dairy countries, for example, 604 00:49:13.039 --> 00:49:15.760 Mexico and Canada, and that well, in Canada it is a very complicated 605 00:49:15.840 --> 00:49:20.599 issue, in Mexico it did not want to give access either, because we 606 00:49:20.639 --> 00:49:24.159 wanted more access in meat. But in meat, because the United Kingdom did 607 00:49:24.159 --> 00:49:28.360 not want to give access then, in the end, that there were already 608 00:49:29.000 --> 00:49:35.400 unambitious commitments in dairy for the United Kingdom and in meat for Mexico. But 609 00:49:35.480 --> 00:49:37.599 there is little we can know until we really see the market access lists what 610 00:49:37.679 --> 00:49:43.679 they contain in this second item. What we do know is that the United 611 00:49:43.719 --> 00:49:52.559 Kingdom accepted, accepted all the disciplines of the tipats, the thirty chapters of 612 00:49:52.559 --> 00:49:55.039 the tipat. And that, then, represents, because maintaining that at a 613 00:49:55.039 --> 00:50:00.679 very ambitious level of commitments, at least in this part, because access undertakings 614 00:50:00.760 --> 00:50:07.239 can also always be additional rounds to improve them. There is no flexibi clause 615 00:50:07.280 --> 00:50:12.719 for revision of the tipa text that we have here on the technical date says 616 00:50:12.800 --> 00:50:15.679 revision. The parties shall review the request of a party for the operation of 617 00:50:15.679 --> 00:50:20.159 the Treaty. You are proposing to consider any amendment to this Treaty, of 618 00:50:20.199 --> 00:50:23.840 any related matter as to whether amendments to the Treaty can be made, which 619 00:50:23.840 --> 00:50:28.079 could be even greater ambition at best in market access. Another time, because 620 00:50:30.960 --> 00:50:35.239 it was important for forgiveness, I already went back. Why it was important 621 00:50:36.280 --> 00:50:38.760 for the UK to enter antipats, but the UK is the second largest service 622 00:50:38.840 --> 00:50:43.679 provider in the world. Not at that time they also had a lot of 623 00:50:43.760 --> 00:50:49.440 interest in the negotiations on transpanterized trade in services, especially beings and financial digital 624 00:50:49.480 --> 00:50:52.840 trade and their services represent forty- three percent of their trade with members of 625 00:50:52.920 --> 00:50:58.960 the tipat With data of two thousand twenty- two they accept for the first 626 00:50:59.039 --> 00:51:02.159 time a principle that comes from NAFTA- type treaties, which is the requirement 627 00:51:02.239 --> 00:51:06.719 of non- compulsory local presence, which is in the chapter on cross- 628 00:51:07.800 --> 00:51:14.000 border trade in services, as well as advanced provisions on national regulation, which 629 00:51:14.079 --> 00:51:19.840 implies less bureaucracy for the granting of permits and licences in the field of trade 630 00:51:19.840 --> 00:51:22.400 in services a greater flexibility. These are data given by the United Kingdom itself 631 00:51:22.400 --> 00:51:25.920 on its page, on the page of the UK Ministry of Commerce, more 632 00:51:27.440 --> 00:51:30.679 flexibility through an agreement that has modern rules of origin for greater sectoral competitiveness. 633 00:51:34.079 --> 00:51:37.360 For example, I accept for the first time cumulation in one of its Treaties. 634 00:51:37.199 --> 00:51:43.039 There is a very ambitious investment chapter. The UK' s invasion of 635 00:51:43.079 --> 00:51:46.719 the TPAT region is expected to grow and the UK received foreign direct investment of 636 00:51:47.000 --> 00:51:51.800 the type per hundred eighty- two billion pounds sterling in two thousand twenty- 637 00:51:52.039 --> 00:51:57.719 one, disciplines of the most modern that may be, not modern rules for 638 00:51:57.840 --> 00:52:00.920 digital commerce than in two thousand twenty- one high sales from the UK to 639 00:52:01.000 --> 00:52:06.960 the tipa for twenty- three million pounds sterling. New markets a little the 640 00:52:06.960 --> 00:52:09.039 argument Mexico had to enter the TEPEP not here, in this case, Malaysia 641 00:52:09.119 --> 00:52:15.760 is the new market of the UK. Let us remember that Mexico is not 642 00:52:15.760 --> 00:52:20.039 a new market, because it was part of TELECUEM. When this UK comes 643 00:52:20.760 --> 00:52:24.079 out of the good telecuen, because this we negotiate another thing and we have 644 00:52:24.320 --> 00:52:27.960 an over- investment agreement. No, then it' s not a new 645 00:52:27.960 --> 00:52:30.159 market. But in general they are eliminated with the countries of the tipat. 646 00:52:30.199 --> 00:52:34.840 They are eliminated by about eighty percent of UK whisky tariffs over a ten- 647 00:52:35.159 --> 00:52:40.320 year period and 30 percent tariffs on UK car exports. In seven years lower 648 00:52:40.440 --> 00:52:45.079 consumer prices are eliminated. In the end, because the entry of products from 649 00:52:45.159 --> 00:52:51.119 other different countries, with greater, with good quality and this variety, this 650 00:52:51.400 --> 00:52:54.880 allows a greater variety for the consumer and better, lower prices. This does 651 00:52:54.960 --> 00:52:58.679 not allow imports, for example, of fruit juice from pro and Chile and 652 00:52:58.719 --> 00:53:05.960 mention chocolate and honey from Mexico on the United Kingdom page. What happens next, 653 00:53:06.199 --> 00:53:08.920 what we have with the United Kingdom, because we had told them we 654 00:53:12.039 --> 00:53:15.000 had the brexist the 20th dwarf of two thousand twenty, between the transition period 655 00:53:15.119 --> 00:53:19.480 of the United Kingdom, that is, that period in which they are separating 656 00:53:19.639 --> 00:53:24.400 from a long marriage with the European Union, and the United Kingdom is beginning 657 00:53:24.400 --> 00:53:29.440 to stop enjoying the benefits of hotels is from the European Union. Then you 658 00:53:29.480 --> 00:53:35.119 have to start negotiating deals on your own. Here I put the first bullleit 659 00:53:35.199 --> 00:53:39.519 that the negotiating teams for we process both for the UK' s accession to 660 00:53:40.079 --> 00:53:49.840 TIPATS and for a bilateral treaty with Mexico. In those two processes, the 661 00:53:50.039 --> 00:53:54.880 Mexican negotiating teams, former Mexican negotiators, play a very interesting role, because 662 00:53:54.920 --> 00:54:00.079 there are a lot of former Mexican negotiators from different generations. And when the 663 00:54:00.119 --> 00:54:05.559 United Kingdom starts negotiating agreements, it starts looking at first, they start looking 664 00:54:05.559 --> 00:54:09.360 like negotiators. I remember what I was looking for and you' re interested 665 00:54:09.360 --> 00:54:13.960 in being a negotiator. Well, send me your résumé video here to the 666 00:54:13.960 --> 00:54:17.920 embassy. They then decided that they would rather seek out consultants and launched bidding 667 00:54:19.079 --> 00:54:23.320 processes with the world for firms that would like to advise them in the negotiations. 668 00:54:23.400 --> 00:54:29.079 Some Mexican offices participated in these visitation processes and some of them won associated 669 00:54:29.719 --> 00:54:35.320 with an office, with a European office. If I am not mistaken to 670 00:54:35.480 --> 00:54:42.519 advise the British negotiators in these two negotiations, in the accession of the United 671 00:54:42.559 --> 00:54:50.639 Kingdom anti pat and in the bilateral treaty Mexico United Kingdom good quickly because it 672 00:54:50.719 --> 00:54:55.880 teugía maintain the preferences of TELECUEM For the United Kingdom and for Mexico an agreement 673 00:54:57.039 --> 00:55:00.440 is negotiated that is called a continuity agreement, simple to give continuity to this 674 00:55:00.559 --> 00:55:05.840 commercial opening. On December 15, two thousand twenty, this continuity agreement was 675 00:55:05.920 --> 00:55:08.599 filmed and entered into force on June 1, two thousand twenty- one. 676 00:55:09.280 --> 00:55:12.519 In this link that I share with you, you agree to continue. It 677 00:55:12.519 --> 00:55:16.639 ' s a very short deal. It has seventeen pages and what it says 678 00:55:16.719 --> 00:55:21.400 is good. We kept giving ourselves the deal we were giving ourselves under the 679 00:55:21.400 --> 00:55:24.360 original Telecuem. It seems then that the negotiation of the telequoum had already taken 680 00:55:24.360 --> 00:55:27.360 place in two zeros, but it has not entered into force. As you 681 00:55:27.440 --> 00:55:31.679 know, then the continuity agreement between Mexico and the United Kingdom says we are 682 00:55:31.719 --> 00:55:38.119 going to deal with Telecuem, one of the original Telequem, in this continuity 683 00:55:38.159 --> 00:55:45.039 agreement and we are going to take time to negotiate an ambitious, modern and 684 00:55:45.159 --> 00:55:50.480 comprehensive agreement. Thus the text in article nine of the continuity agreement within the 685 00:55:51.199 --> 00:55:53.440 first year, that is, within the first year of life of the continuity 686 00:55:54.119 --> 00:55:57.840 agreement. This from the first of June of two thousand and twenty- one. 687 00:55:57.880 --> 00:56:01.199 Before the first of June of the two thousand twenty- two, negotiations 688 00:56:01.239 --> 00:56:05.960 had to begin for an ambitious, modern and comprehensive agreement. What did happen 689 00:56:06.039 --> 00:56:10.519 and they will strive to conclude. They will thus endeavour to conclude the negotiations 690 00:56:10.599 --> 00:56:15.280 in three years' time. I mean, there' s an obligation but 691 00:56:15.280 --> 00:56:19.760 very smooth. It is not a very harsh obligation, to conclude the negotiations 692 00:56:19.880 --> 00:56:23.280 before June of two thousand twenty- four. If they are not concluded, 693 00:56:23.480 --> 00:56:27.639 nothing happens, because you can say that you tried hard to conclude, but 694 00:56:27.840 --> 00:56:31.400 you did not conclude, then it is a soft obligation. Let' s 695 00:56:31.400 --> 00:56:37.760 say this. They will endeavour to conclude. How' s this negotiation going? 696 00:56:37.920 --> 00:56:40.880 Okay. We' ve had a change from the Secretary of Economics. 697 00:56:42.159 --> 00:56:46.079 She' s gone She' s got Clutter, the new secretary' s 698 00:56:46.079 --> 00:56:49.760 here, and she' s changed. They tell me who is in this 699 00:56:49.840 --> 00:56:52.280 at the Fourth Together, that the dynamics with the Court of Together have changed 700 00:56:52.360 --> 00:56:54.840 a little bit. In spite of this, as there are some advances, 701 00:56:55.519 --> 00:57:00.000 they do not have the mutual interest of Mexico and the United Kingdom to strengthen 702 00:57:00.039 --> 00:57:05.360 the lateral civil trade, to give legal certainty, to improve access to the 703 00:57:05.360 --> 00:57:07.639 market of goods and services, influencing new disciplines with high level of ambition. 704 00:57:07.159 --> 00:57:10.599 I mean they want to have and here the question that won' t be 705 00:57:10.639 --> 00:57:13.920 worth having a bilateral agreement when they' re already part of the TIPATS. 706 00:57:14.760 --> 00:57:16.599 On the subject of disciplines with a high level of ambition, I do not 707 00:57:16.639 --> 00:57:21.039 know which disciplines can still have a better level of ambition. And on the 708 00:57:21.079 --> 00:57:23.519 issue of market access, there is no doubt that we can negotiate on a 709 00:57:23.599 --> 00:57:30.880 bilateral basis better market access commitments than those that were negotiated with ten other countries 710 00:57:31.119 --> 00:57:36.440 in the tipat. So, bilaterally, it makes sense to negotiate market access, 711 00:57:36.559 --> 00:57:38.960 because it can be much more ambitious. It' s not the same. 712 00:57:39.039 --> 00:57:44.519 Negotiate with another country You can only go much further, be much more 713 00:57:44.519 --> 00:57:49.800 ambitious than negotiating with eleven countries where normally the lowest common denominator, as it 714 00:57:49.920 --> 00:57:54.360 is lower. The common denominator of forgiveness is lower. Then what happened? 715 00:57:55.320 --> 00:58:00.519 Everything that always happens in a business process has happened, what we know in 716 00:58:00.639 --> 00:58:07.239 the negotiations, such as pre- negotiation, that is, exploratory talks to 717 00:58:07.440 --> 00:58:12.079 define approaches to the scope of the Treaty. What are the priorities of the 718 00:58:12.079 --> 00:58:15.440 Treaty, of the objectives of what is the architecture of the Treaty and by 719 00:58:15.440 --> 00:58:21.440 architecture I mean what levels of negotiation there will be. There are normally three 720 00:58:21.559 --> 00:58:27.239 levels of sharing negotiation in a negotiation, e g at the technical level, 721 00:58:27.480 --> 00:58:30.960 which are the negotiating tables, the experts of each topic negotiating at their table, 722 00:58:30.920 --> 00:58:35.760 then the level of coordinators, negotiating heads or negotiating coordinators or CHIP negotiators 723 00:58:35.840 --> 00:58:40.719 in English and then the ministerial level. When a few things remain to be 724 00:58:40.920 --> 00:58:45.280 resolved normally three levels of negotiation, when each of their levels will be seen. 725 00:58:45.760 --> 00:58:49.599 For example, in most of the Treaties, ministers do not see each 726 00:58:49.679 --> 00:58:52.320 other until the end of the negotiations, when two or three things remain to 727 00:58:52.400 --> 00:58:57.840 be resolved in temach, the ministers saw each other in each round and had 728 00:58:57.960 --> 00:59:01.039 fifteen things to solve at the end of the negotiations. The levels of negotiation 729 00:59:01.079 --> 00:59:06.159 in this shadow round, which is the pre- negotiation that has already happened, 730 00:59:07.000 --> 00:59:09.360 are a little defined there. Participants are defined at each level of negotiation, 731 00:59:09.920 --> 00:59:13.239 i e ministers, because we already know who they are. But the 732 00:59:13.320 --> 00:59:20.719 ministers designate a negotiating box, designate the heads of tables, the technical negotiators, 733 00:59:21.400 --> 00:59:23.519 how many negotiating tables there will be, how many topics or chapters there 734 00:59:23.519 --> 00:59:28.360 will be, what the index of this Treaty is. Legal frameworks are shared 735 00:59:28.480 --> 00:59:32.440 to understand the other country a little. Round schedules are defined. Usually they 736 00:59:32.519 --> 00:59:37.480 are consecutive rounds, forgive a reciprocal visit and if they are more than two 737 00:59:37.559 --> 00:59:42.800 countries that are becoming, the countries how the dynamics of the texts will be, 738 00:59:43.000 --> 00:59:46.320 that is, if there are thirty texts of negotiation, who presents texts 739 00:59:46.400 --> 00:59:52.000 in which chapters, if they present only one or present the two, how 740 00:59:52.039 --> 00:59:57.599 the communication will be during the negotiation, who are the points of contact to 741 00:59:57.679 --> 01:00:01.320 follow up on all the logistics of the bare negotiation. All that' s 742 01:00:01.320 --> 01:00:06.760 happened. The whole process of pre- negotiation was defined as four major themes. 743 01:00:06.920 --> 01:00:09.559 Trade in goods, trade in services, investment, international trade issues and 744 01:00:09.920 --> 01:00:15.000 legal and institutional matters. Legal, institutional and studyal issues, with which are 745 01:00:15.719 --> 01:00:19.800 trade in goods is basically access to the market of goods, rules of origin, 746 01:00:20.719 --> 01:00:23.679 procedures of origin and commercial facilitation. Trade of investment service are the general 747 01:00:23.719 --> 01:00:28.800 chapter of trades of services, the chapter of investment, trade, forgiveness, 748 01:00:29.559 --> 01:00:34.719 financial services, telecommunications and entrance, the temporary of people, tengocios and topics 749 01:00:34.800 --> 01:00:38.480 of international trade. They are all the others, the new health media issues, 750 01:00:39.039 --> 01:00:43.320 fictionary ones, or they are with the terno of commerce, trade remedies, 751 01:00:43.840 --> 01:00:49.000 government purchases, dispute settlement, commercial companies of the State, all the 752 01:00:49.960 --> 01:00:53.559 other chapters were put in the big drawer of international trade issues. They are 753 01:00:53.639 --> 01:00:57.360 all international trade issues. But, well, that' s what this fourth 754 01:00:57.480 --> 01:01:05.119 drawer was called in bilateral negotiations and it' s made very little substantive progress. 755 01:01:05.320 --> 01:01:08.239 It seems to me that from July two thousand twenty- two to May 756 01:01:08.280 --> 01:01:12.639 two thousand twenty- three have happened three rounds of negotiation. We can' 757 01:01:12.679 --> 01:01:17.960 t know much because there are almost no meetings of the fourth together Approximately there 758 01:01:19.039 --> 01:01:25.199 are thirty negotiating groups that coincide with the more or less TIPAT negotiating issues And 759 01:01:25.320 --> 01:01:29.519 there have been, for example, in the first round initial discussions in the 760 01:01:29.920 --> 01:01:32.599 second round of what I could learn from people who were in these. In 761 01:01:32.719 --> 01:01:39.280 those briefings, we already shared the original texts of each other in the different 762 01:01:39.360 --> 01:01:45.360 chapters where we wanted to present text. And in the third round there was 763 01:01:45.440 --> 01:01:52.519 already consolidation of texts and identification of sensitive issues, which is the consolidation of 764 01:01:52.519 --> 01:01:55.119 texts. If I, Mexico, present a text in telecommunications and in the 765 01:01:55.119 --> 01:02:00.480 United Kingdom presents a text in telecommunications. What we do in the ocean we 766 01:02:00.679 --> 01:02:04.960 put together the two texts in a single world archive and put the items that 767 01:02:05.039 --> 01:02:07.960 look like together with Mexican Corchetes for what is from Mexico, United Kingdom cars 768 01:02:07.960 --> 01:02:13.920 for what is the United Kingdom. And so we' re doing as an 769 01:02:13.920 --> 01:02:15.679 amalgamated text, full of carriages of things that look alike and things that don 770 01:02:15.760 --> 01:02:20.039 ' t look so much alike. And what follows is already clear that it 771 01:02:20.079 --> 01:02:23.119 is known in the negotiation as cleaning the text, which is to go removing 772 01:02:23.119 --> 01:02:28.320 brackets, arguing, exchanging one quota for the other and so until the texts 773 01:02:28.440 --> 01:02:34.519 are completely negotiated. We are just putting together the texts presented in round two, 774 01:02:35.400 --> 01:02:37.480 in round three and are already beginning to identify some issues that are going 775 01:02:37.519 --> 01:02:43.119 to be complicated in the negotiation. A fourth round to be defined is missing. 776 01:02:43.760 --> 01:02:49.239 And one topic I have also noticed about this negotiation is that there are 777 01:02:49.320 --> 01:02:52.800 virtual meetings. When it comes to Mexico going to the UK, I guess 778 01:02:52.880 --> 01:02:57.360 it' s about austerity. Rounds in Mexico are face- to- face 779 01:02:57.400 --> 01:03:01.880 and rounds outside Mexico. The second round outside Mexico was virtual. Sometimes this 780 01:03:02.039 --> 01:03:06.960 is useful in the initial rounds, as there is no big problem in the 781 01:03:07.039 --> 01:03:14.119 final defining rounds. This does affect whether we need the pace to face, 782 01:03:14.360 --> 01:03:19.719 as it is said in English, at face- to- face meetings to 783 01:03:19.800 --> 01:03:21.880 define the last issues of a negotiation, the most sensitive issues. There is 784 01:03:21.960 --> 01:03:28.679 no such thing as a face- to- face process to resolve the negotiations 785 01:03:28.800 --> 01:03:34.840 already in their most critical phase, and that is basically what I have to 786 01:03:34.840 --> 01:03:40.760 share. There' s my personal email and my X account. It' 787 01:03:40.800 --> 01:03:45.920 s no longer called Twitter, it' s already called x forgiveness. I 788 01:03:45.960 --> 01:03:51.480 lacked a thematic g, but well, that' s a little what I 789 01:03:51.519 --> 01:03:58.239 wanted to share with you and, of course, open to your comments, 790 01:03:58.840 --> 01:04:08.239 because here are some questions. Memo this as always here, they say that 791 01:04:08.800 --> 01:04:13.679 excellent presentation and is asking them arming. In his view, what is it, 792 01:04:14.440 --> 01:04:16.360 what is the size of the market, the type and the extent to 793 01:04:16.400 --> 01:04:21.639 which trade in goods will be promoted, and that he is struck by the 794 01:04:21.719 --> 01:04:27.159 suspended dispute settlement provision in which staff appear to be basic in international trade. 795 01:04:30.840 --> 01:04:33.039 Thanks for the size of the broads. We already know. When you get 796 01:04:33.119 --> 01:04:36.760 the UK you' re going to have a market of 500 million people, 797 01:04:36.960 --> 01:04:41.400 they' re going to represent 13 percent of the world diff. And that 798 01:04:41.400 --> 01:04:44.079 ' s where I put it 15 percent of the world' s top and 799 01:04:44.119 --> 01:04:45.519 13 percent of the world' s trade. For Mexico, for example, 800 01:04:45.760 --> 01:04:48.480 the entry of the United Kingdom is important. The United Kingdom is currently Mexico 801 01:04:48.800 --> 01:04:56.039 ' s 16th trading partner in terms of trade and is the and and is 802 01:04:56.119 --> 01:05:02.039 the sixth largest. Let' s say investment exporter to Mexico, let' 803 01:05:02.159 --> 01:05:05.960 s say the sixth most important source of investment is the United Kingdom. So 804 01:05:06.280 --> 01:05:10.760 it is an important agreement to incorporate the United Kingdom, either through the tipat 805 01:05:10.760 --> 01:05:15.800 or through the bilateral. It is important for Mexico, it is important for 806 01:05:15.840 --> 01:05:18.119 tipat because, since the United Kingdom is the sixth economy in the world and 807 01:05:18.119 --> 01:05:23.880 is also part of the GST. Then he has a power, he has 808 01:05:23.960 --> 01:05:28.000 an important place in the world. It is no coincidence that it is the 809 01:05:28.880 --> 01:05:31.119 first country in which it had its accession working group and I think it will 810 01:05:31.159 --> 01:05:35.239 be very relevant. And a clarification on the second part of the question. 811 01:05:35.519 --> 01:05:40.000 It is not that the dispute settlement provision, i e the TPT dispute settlement 812 01:05:40.079 --> 01:05:44.679 chapter for the tipat, has been removed. What was removed was a provision 813 01:05:44.800 --> 01:05:50.519 on how to settle telecommunications disputes and there were three ways to resolve telecommunications disputes. 814 01:05:54.320 --> 01:05:58.719 One was by the courts, by the courts, which, in the 815 01:05:58.760 --> 01:06:01.400 case of Mexico, with the reform of communications, already specialized in telecommunications and 816 01:06:01.519 --> 01:06:08.760 competition. Another was, through one I no longer remember very well, it 817 01:06:08.760 --> 01:06:17.000 was like an appeal from a decision of one authority and another was like amparo. 818 01:06:18.079 --> 01:06:21.400 I believe that under the telecommunications reform of two thousand and thirteen, indirect 819 01:06:21.480 --> 01:06:27.480 protection in telecommunications is no longer allowed and that this was the change. And 820 01:06:28.079 --> 01:06:30.119 the third one that was no longer possible, I think is the possibility of 821 01:06:30.679 --> 01:06:35.159 administrative review of a hipetel decision can no longer be reviewed. That is the 822 01:06:35.239 --> 01:06:41.239 third way to settle a dispute, which was to request the administrative review of 823 01:06:41.239 --> 01:06:45.599 the body that had decided something is what can no longer be done in Mexican 824 01:06:45.599 --> 01:06:48.760 law. I mean, I' m not a lawyer and I' m 825 01:06:48.840 --> 01:06:54.320 breaking up by doing a silly thing, but that' s pretty much how 826 01:06:54.360 --> 01:06:58.079 I remember it, and that particular part was already tested at Teput when it 827 01:06:58.159 --> 01:07:00.360 came to Mexico, because we couldn' t take it off anymore we couldn 828 01:07:00.360 --> 01:07:01.119 ' t say it on a footer. I think Singapore, I said no, 829 01:07:01.840 --> 01:07:05.400 this provision does not apply Singapore. Mexico could no longer do that because 830 01:07:06.159 --> 01:07:10.079 we were new to the negotiation. We couldn' t take it off. 831 01:07:10.199 --> 01:07:15.239 We were able to remove it until the U S got out of the negotiation 832 01:07:15.360 --> 01:07:19.440 and then we suspended that little part of the administrative review. And they also 833 01:07:19.480 --> 01:07:25.800 ask them here that, in your opinion, why the United States went out, 834 01:07:26.119 --> 01:07:29.639 what was the reason, because in the United States I didn' t 835 01:07:29.639 --> 01:07:34.519 want to participate in the Treaty. It was basically a project of President Obama 836 01:07:35.159 --> 01:07:41.440 and was a battle horse of President Trump' s campaign. He said that 837 01:07:41.519 --> 01:07:44.880 I don' t know if they remember he said that the negotiators of the 838 01:07:45.559 --> 01:07:48.440 United States were terrible, that he always won everything he took to the dance 839 01:07:48.559 --> 01:07:54.039 to the United States in the negotiations, that the TPP was going to be 840 01:07:54.119 --> 01:07:58.639 even a worse idea because it was with Asian countries that normally, because they 841 01:07:58.760 --> 01:08:00.840 made many traps, and that we already had a huge deficit with Mexico, 842 01:08:01.000 --> 01:08:03.239 Canada and China and that now, with the guy, we were going to 843 01:08:03.239 --> 01:08:06.960 have more trade deficits. Trump today was very concerned about trade deficits and then 844 01:08:08.039 --> 01:08:14.519 his whole campaign was dedicated to mistreating the TPP. And then the first thing 845 01:08:14.599 --> 01:08:18.640 he did when he had the power, was basically get out of a political 846 01:08:18.640 --> 01:08:28.399 decision. There' s going to be a very particular ideology of the President 847 01:08:28.439 --> 01:08:32.199 and I don' t know if Ahorita, you could tell us about the 848 01:08:32.279 --> 01:08:38.840 issues that are overwhelming, that are negotiating more or less what you' ve 849 01:08:39.159 --> 01:08:41.000 been told, because it' s very green as just in the third round 850 01:08:41.000 --> 01:08:43.439 the texts were put together. Right now, as I can imagine, there 851 01:08:43.760 --> 01:08:45.880 hasn' t even been text cleaning. In other words, what has happened 852 01:08:46.039 --> 01:08:53.279 is we put all the texts that are similar in one document all full of 853 01:08:53.359 --> 01:08:58.840 square brackets. It is very difficult to read and you begin to distinguish where 854 01:08:59.239 --> 01:09:02.760 the texts look like, because it is very similar texts, sticky ones and 855 01:09:02.840 --> 01:09:08.119 then texts that are radically different also there together so that they do where there 856 01:09:08.119 --> 01:09:11.439 are those differences. So, that' s why round three says in some 857 01:09:11.520 --> 01:09:16.960 report that went into my eyes that barely the texts have been consolidated and the 858 01:09:16.960 --> 01:09:20.720 greatest sensitivities have been identified, but the real negotiation has not even begun. 859 01:09:23.119 --> 01:09:27.520 The texts are together. You know pretty much what the big problems are. 860 01:09:29.079 --> 01:09:30.840 And I don' t know. I don' t know what the big 861 01:09:30.880 --> 01:09:35.600 problems are. I' d love to know. And the negotiation is not 862 01:09:35.680 --> 01:09:39.760 yet beginning, which is a little bit cleaning up the texts one by one. 863 01:09:39.840 --> 01:09:44.920 We are still going to have to wait, because, moreover, I 864 01:09:45.000 --> 01:09:49.680 do not see how much haste in this Treaty and because we are just going 865 01:09:49.720 --> 01:09:53.720 in the round, in the round, in round three, there is no 866 01:09:53.720 --> 01:09:56.800 date for round four. And it seems to me that with the change in 867 01:09:56.840 --> 01:10:02.800 the Ministry of Economy, even one more step was dropped to the disinterest in 868 01:10:02.800 --> 01:10:09.520 international trade. Thank you so much. Hey, in this one I want 869 01:10:09.560 --> 01:10:20.479 there would be the microphone for the panelists who want to make some comment Enrique 870 01:10:20.520 --> 01:10:26.800 yes, very serious how interesting this whole case, as I like how they 871 01:10:26.800 --> 01:10:29.880 take all these cotus. In this group of eleven or twelve countries, there 872 01:10:30.399 --> 01:10:35.319 are some r there is some leader who is the one who manages everything or 873 01:10:35.319 --> 01:10:40.039 covers everything up. And there is a formal leader, who is the depositary, 874 01:10:40.840 --> 01:10:44.600 who is New Zealand. And, in addition, New Zealand played a 875 01:10:44.640 --> 01:10:47.319 very interesting role as a viderazgo. He forgot to say, for example, 876 01:10:47.600 --> 01:10:53.199 that a very interesting dynamic of the negotiation of the first twelve of TPP, 877 01:10:53.439 --> 01:10:57.640 because now there were very different countries in the approaches of negotiation, in the 878 01:10:57.720 --> 01:11:03.680 styles of negotiation, in the sizes of economies and, for example, things 879 01:11:03.920 --> 01:11:08.159 that we were negotiating as a drawer, that is, many texts of Mexico, 880 01:11:08.479 --> 01:11:11.840 if you look over the years, are very similar. They are practically 881 01:11:11.880 --> 01:11:15.800 the same on some topics. Well, in this TPP exercise it was quite 882 01:11:15.880 --> 01:11:20.760 a challenge for the negotiators. It was like our graduation, because Australia and 883 01:11:20.840 --> 01:11:27.079 New Zealand came with some very interesting questions, that is, to see why 884 01:11:27.079 --> 01:11:28.920 you' re doing it. Not that, because then it wasn' t 885 01:11:29.039 --> 01:11:31.720 always worth that answer. Of course, you have to explain where it comes 886 01:11:31.720 --> 01:11:35.439 from. Then we had to expound in many houses how it had been the 887 01:11:35.520 --> 01:11:40.039 decision to have a particular approach and not the other one, because they came 888 01:11:40.039 --> 01:11:44.319 from another vision. Then we tested ourselves. It was a very good intellectual 889 01:11:44.319 --> 01:11:48.640 accident, because we tried to justify each and every provision we had in our 890 01:11:48.640 --> 01:11:55.920 chapters. Australia and Nubarcelona have a very particular leadership in tipas. Then Japan 891 01:11:56.079 --> 01:12:01.279 also took very important leadership when it left for the United States. It was 892 01:12:01.319 --> 01:12:05.439 the one who said to see we' re going to meet quickly, we 893 01:12:05.479 --> 01:12:09.840 ' re going to meet here in jacon and I think it was the meeting 894 01:12:09.880 --> 01:12:10.479 in Japan, in Japan when it was said we' re going to save 895 01:12:10.479 --> 01:12:14.399 ourselves. Effort. This has got to be something we can' t lose 896 01:12:14.720 --> 01:12:16.640 a momentum of this we just did. We have to have a quick and 897 01:12:16.760 --> 01:12:19.239 forceful negotiation, and that' s what we' re going to do, 898 01:12:19.720 --> 01:12:20.800 it' s better to remove depositions that are from the United States. It 899 01:12:20.840 --> 01:12:26.760 was decided at the initiative of Japan. Then Japan has an important idea also 900 01:12:27.359 --> 01:12:32.359 non- formal in the negotiation. Yeah, I think so, that' 901 01:12:32.359 --> 01:12:39.279 s interesting. Congratulations, it' s a very good presentation and so that 902 01:12:39.439 --> 01:12:45.279 you continue in this and give it what interesting process. Thank you, thank 903 01:12:45.159 --> 01:12:51.520 you, thank you, Enrique, good night view. Thank you, Dani 904 01:12:51.520 --> 01:13:02.600 Guillermo, many greetings, my Enrique Doctor. Practically the experience we had as 905 01:13:02.840 --> 01:13:09.399 the TPP and Rock And Pack Mexico served us a lot for tech ME to 906 01:13:09.720 --> 01:13:15.319 reassure Donald Front. Yes, because practically everything we had done was already the 907 01:13:15.359 --> 01:13:18.880 TPP, because it was practically a copy for the technic and, as it 908 01:13:18.880 --> 01:13:27.359 was, as you had rightly said, it was a political position for his 909 01:13:27.560 --> 01:13:32.640 arrival and it was the first action he had as President on 20 January of 910 01:13:32.640 --> 01:13:36.560 16 then, because that we already had a lot of ground to be able 911 01:13:36.560 --> 01:13:42.439 to do the TEC. That would be my comment. Thank you for your 912 01:13:42.880 --> 01:13:48.399 congratulations, Guillermo. Thank you, and to close another maxim, want to 913 01:13:48.439 --> 01:13:56.640 make something a good comment, because of course, William, many congratulations. 914 01:13:57.439 --> 01:14:04.720 This really did not give anything more a teaching and you gave us two because 915 01:14:04.720 --> 01:14:10.840 you opened us up from the TPPE and you went also with the one from 916 01:14:11.399 --> 01:14:15.760 Britain, which is very important, after leaving the European Union, of course 917 01:14:16.000 --> 01:14:21.960 it becomes when you leave the European Union with 27 countries and he becomes a 918 01:14:23.039 --> 01:14:30.560 lone lanner. And it is indeed very important to achieve this Free Trade Agreement 919 01:14:31.159 --> 01:14:40.439 with Britain and Mexico, because it puts us in a position to have Europe 920 01:14:40.640 --> 01:14:47.720 ' s leading countries again. Undeniably Britain is one of the leading countries Germany, 921 01:14:49.039 --> 01:14:57.000 France, England. I believe that the European Community is the most important. 922 01:14:59.279 --> 01:15:04.239 So I wish and don' t stop. Let us hope and see 923 01:15:04.279 --> 01:15:13.159 all the benefits that this Treaty can give us as we have left the European 924 01:15:13.159 --> 01:15:18.359 Union. Of course, this one stayed too and I was going to ask 925 01:15:18.359 --> 01:15:25.600 you, but you answered it. Why Britain, which does not have a 926 01:15:26.680 --> 01:15:32.960 Pacific coast and I thought and think, perhaps, because of its colonial background. 927 01:15:35.079 --> 01:15:43.119 Many of the countries that are in New Zealand, Australia, Singapore, 928 01:15:43.520 --> 01:15:48.640 in short, were part of the common Low the great market that Britain had 929 01:15:48.840 --> 01:15:56.520 in England with all its colonies. Right, so maybe. There is also 930 01:15:56.640 --> 01:16:03.039 a historical reason that there have been countries like the ones you mentioned, if 931 01:16:03.159 --> 01:16:08.399 the ones I just mentioned, to be able to accept Britain and it makes 932 01:16:08.520 --> 01:16:15.199 me a certain definitely, thanks for the extraordinary talk, as always that you 933 01:16:15.319 --> 01:16:23.640 teach us that you are very punctual and your films extraordinarily very didactic, And 934 01:16:23.800 --> 01:16:33.119 thank you so much for continuing on TV and teaching us, Guillermo a hug 935 01:16:33.239 --> 01:16:36.279 thanks to giving many thanks for this great talk and good from all the telesemagas 936 01:16:36.359 --> 01:16:40.279 team in Mexico. We arrived at a truck that we believed before this virtual 937 01:16:40.439 --> 01:16:44.319 recognition, Master Guillermo Malpica, to make a track in the vital conversation with 938 01:16:44.479 --> 01:16:46.359 the subject the United Kingdom wants. P seventeen ago until two thousand twenty- 939 01:16:46.479 --> 01:16:50.239 three and I go for so much of the afternoon and there will be many 940 01:16:50.239 --> 01:16:56.039 graces. Vamo thank you, Danie Nach taste as always, thank you for 941 01:16:56.039 --> 01:16:59.319 your questions. On the contrary, it was an honor for us that you 942 01:16:59.399 --> 01:17:01.880 would be with us and we sent you a virtual applause, just like a 943 01:17:01.880 --> 01:17:10.279 hug over there. Thank you very much and recognition, yes, a recognition. 944 01:17:10.399 --> 01:17:15.520 I' m sending it virtually to him by recognition as well. Thank 945 01:17:15.600 --> 01:17:19.680 you very much and well, we have Wednesday if you help me to join 946 01:17:19.680 --> 01:17:25.000 us. Good memo, we' re going to have corporate credit insurance with 947 01:17:25.079 --> 01:17:29.159 engineer José Sánchez. Nuño is going to be very interesting to see for example, 948 01:17:29.319 --> 01:17:33.079 all importers and exporters who can have a negotiation and need business insurance and 949 01:17:33.199 --> 01:17:36.920 will talk to us a little bit about when they apply. And let' 950 01:17:36.960 --> 01:17:42.199 s also see topics of his employment with the teacher Gilberto Martínez, also with 951 01:17:42.319 --> 01:17:45.600 this labor issue that is high, that also the companies have to start it 952 01:17:45.680 --> 01:17:48.800 already. And, well, we' re gonna be talking about these issues. 953 01:17:48.840 --> 01:17:53.000 We see each other as usual at six o' clock in the afternoon, 954 01:17:53.159 --> 01:17:54.680 downtown time, five o' clock in the afternoon, time for peace. 955 01:17:55.119 --> 01:17:58.239 Thank you all so much for making a trout. Thank you, Mebo, 956 01:17:59.239 --> 01:18:02.239 thank you, Henry, Doctor Maximo. Thank you very much as greetings 957 01:18:02.279 --> 01:18:11.279 to the great absent, Thanks to the walk, Thank you, grace connects. 958 01:18:11.439 --> 01:18:18.119 Thank you very much. Bus We' ve reached the end of today 959 01:18:18.119 --> 01:18:23.199 ' s barge. Thank you very much for accompanying us this was to make 960 01:18:23.720 --> 01:18:26.560 a barter via som an event of telc magas and Mexico. If you liked 961 01:18:26.600 --> 01:18:30.439 this talk, don' t forget to share each event with your contacts so 962 01:18:30.520 --> 01:18:35.359 that we continue to spread knowledge and stay up to date. Find all our 963 01:18:35.439 --> 01:18:42.399 talks through our online education platform, entering www TLC Magas in Mexico com Mx 964 01:18:42.520 --> 01:18:47.800 in the course section, where you can see them again without things. If 965 01:18:47.880 --> 01:18:51.840 you are interested in any specific topic, send us a message through the social 966 01:18:51.920 --> 01:18:57.159 networks of Magas TVs in Mexico and we will look for an expert who can 967 01:18:57.159 --> 01:18:59.039 clarify your doubts. This was let' s do a preec.