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Best, What Up? What Up? What Up? Everybody? Welcome to

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another episode of Let's Ask Paul,
the podcast where you get to ask me

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Paul Abernathy anything you want about the
National Electrical Code and all things electrically related.

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Thanks for joining the podcast. If
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Or there's a shorter version just N
E C C CH A T dot

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com. That's nec chat dot com
and you can check it out there.

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Okay, so let's look at our
first question that we have. Then,

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this one was submitted to me actually
over on LinkedIn, and that's somebody that's

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preparing for an electrical exam. I
believe. I don't think they're a student

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of ours, but they're preparing for
an electric exam and they ask a question.

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So I'm gonna read the question and
try to break it down. I

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will tell you upfront, I am
not the best educator in the world when

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it comes to the Ohms law,
Watts law stuff. I teach it,

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I understand it. I can help
you pass an exam, but I am

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not the best theorist in the world. Okay, So I do my best,

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but let me explain it to you. So let me read the question

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and then hopefully it helps some of
you out. Okay, the question says

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mister Abernethy. I hope you're doing
well. I'm a journeyman preparing for my

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contractor's exam, and there is an
electrical theory question I have that is really

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making me scratch my head. With
Ohm's law, i equals E divided by

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R, current is directly proportional to
voltage, meaning that the voltage rises and

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your amps will also rise. That
is correct in Ohm's law dealing with the

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fixed resistance value, that's correct,
says. Yet if you use I equals

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P which is wattage, or power
divided by E which is voltage, your

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current is inversely proportional. That is
correct as well, because you're trying to

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maintain a certain power level. Right. So in the field, it has

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always been that the higher the voltage
would give you, the lower the current.

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That's because you're using the power formula
of example, would be primary and

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secondary of a transformer, dual voltage
pump, et cetera. So these are

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power values, va being the equivalent
to wattage. Especially if you're used to

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doing calculations and whatnot, you don't
necessarily use Owns law, which is resistance.

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Maybe for an exam, but in
the real world you very rarely use

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the OHMS law. Usually use the
power formula for most of the things that

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you do, although we'll talk about
analogies and I'll give you some scenarios,

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but mainly the reason you're getting that
is because you're probably doing something with a

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fixed load, a fixed VA or
fixed wattage, and you're using a power

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formula calculation, and that's where you're
going to have the higher voltage lower current.

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Okay, so it's inversely proportional.
So anyway, it says, I

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don't fully understand how simply changing the
voltage in both applications will cause your amps

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to rise in one and fall in
the other. In a short brief explanation

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here, understand that what you're doing
here is with one it's directly proportional to

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the resistance, so that doesn't change. So as the voltage goes up,

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the current goes up, the voltage
didn't change. Okay. When it comes

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to the power formula, the wattage
or the need for a certain amount of

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power stays the same. It's fixed. What you're doing is you're changing the

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voltage, and by doing so,
in order to regulate it so that the

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wattage that you need the power that
you need doesn't change, then you're going

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to have to do something. And
that's why it's inversely proportional. That means,

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if you increase the current I mean, excuse me, it increase the

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voltage, then the current must come
down in order to maintain the same level

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of power. Okay, so that
that value doesn't change, because if you

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need six hundred watts, you need
six hundred watts. You get what I'm

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saying. So most people get those
two confused. Between the owner's law,

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where you're dealing with a fixed resistance
value maybe versus a power formula where you

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have a certain load or certain power
that you need to work with and then

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you will adjust the voltage in order
to you know, get a different current,

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but you're trying to maintain the power
level or the work that needs to

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be done. So that's probably the
reason that you see these differently, and

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I would think mainly in the real
world you're probably working more with power formula

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than you are with a Ohm's law
pure resistance. It says I don't fully

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understand how Okay, we already read
that, and says, could you please

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do me a favor and simplify this
and make a video better explaining this to

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a simpleton like myself. I don't
think you're a simpleton at all. I

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think this is something that people get
lost in wanting to know why the theory,

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you know, And I like to
tell people, I'm no Thomas Edison,

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I'm no Einstein, I'm no Tesla. There's basic concepts that we've had

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for eons and you just have to
embrace them. And I probably do a

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poor job at explaining the indepthness of
it, but I can show you the

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relationship and why, and basically give
you the understanding that if the wattage is

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fixed or the resistance is fixed,
then changing the voltage can really can change

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what the current is. So if
you're dealing with a certain power, you

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need wattage certain power, then again, increasing the voltage is going to decrease

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the current, Whereas if you're dealing
with pure resistance that's fixed, if you

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increase the voltage, you're increasing the
current. Okay, And I'll give you

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some analogies of that so you can
get an understanding. So that'll take us

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into that. Okay, Okay.
So the first thing we want to do,

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though, is let's go on and
talk about some things that are key

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concepts that you need to be aware
of. And I'll even use some analogies

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to water and things like that to
just try to make it as simple as

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possible. I will do my best
in a podcast. And the reason I

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use podcasts for these type of things
and not videos is because it forces me

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to try to explain something verbally to
paint a mental picture, and it's basically

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keeps it interesting for me, keeps
it fun for me because it allows it

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forces me to try to explain things
in a way that maybe when you hear

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it, it'll go, oh,
I get it, and maybe the light

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will come on. Okay, So
let's look at the relationships here. Some

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key concepts. So voltage, which
is expressed in many formulas, is V

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for voltage or even E okay for
voltage, depending on what formula you're using.

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So talk about voltage. What is
voltage? Well, voltage is the

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electric potential difference between two points.
Okay, it is the push Okay if

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you will, It's the pressure that
drives electric charges electrons through a circuit.

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Now, similar to that would be
an example of water pressure. You increase

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your pressure, you increase your voltage. If you increase your water pressure.

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You're gonna be pushing water through a
pipe. If you increase the pressure,

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you're gonna push it. Now,
voltage is measured in volts, and we

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usually will use a V or in
your owns wheels and things like that,

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we use the letter E. Okay, but just remember if you see V,

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that's voltage. Now. Current is
given to us in the letter I,

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and it may be an A for
amps. But current current is the

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flow of electric charges through a conductor
such as a wire. Doesn't have to

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be a wire, Okay, there's
other conductors of electricity, but think of

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it as a wire because you're electricians. It's the current, the flow of

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electric charge that is moving through that
conductor of the wire type. Let's just

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say for this example, so it
is kind of like the flow of water

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through a pipe. As that water
flows, you increase the voltage, more

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pressure pushes more water through faster.
Okay, But that flow of water,

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that movement of that flow of electric
charge through a conductor is very similar to

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like the flow of water. So
that's why you hear people talk about this

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analogy of water, Okay, because
they're trying to paint a picture that's easier

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to understand. And of course current
is measured in ampeers. We refer to

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that as amps short or maybe even
just an A, depending on what your

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formula you're working with, or where
you get it from, what school you

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may be studying in, or whatnot. So next one is resistance, which

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you know, could be an own
symbol okay omega, could be just R,

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and that represents resistance, well,
resistance exactly how it sounds. It's

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the resistance or the opposition to the
flow of current in a circuit. Now

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think of this analogy again that we've
been talking about a water hose or a

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pipe. So it's like the friction
on the sides of the pipe. It's

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the friction that that water would experience
as it's flowing through a narrow or even

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a pipe that is rough, you
know, filled with all kinds of build

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up, calcium, whatever. So
what happens is it's restricting the flow.

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Now this restriction is again measured in
ohms. We use the OM symbol omega

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okay, Greek symbol. But again, resistance is the opposition to the current

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flow. Now, if you think
about that in a conductor and you go

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to chapter nine, Table eight for
example, and you look at resistance DCE

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resistance, then you're going to see
that as the conductor gets bigger, it's

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kind of like a bigger pipe and
the resistance goes down, thus means it

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carries more current, right, it
is less resistance a current flow. Okay,

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so that's the analogy we use in
resistance. So just think of resistance

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and it would also be an example
of somebody taking a garden hose and then

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they pinching it or squeezing it,
and you reading the overall size of it.

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The orifice gets smaller, so that
is restricting or opposition to current flow.

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Right, So that's resistance, and
there is resistance in all of a

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conductor, but in a pipe order
pipe, the resistance is the friction along

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the surface of the piping system adds
to the resistance of the water flow,

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which is again all again opposition to
the flow. That's resistance. Next one,

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the last one we'll talk about when
it comes to the concepts. Here

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is power and that is p for
power and you may see this on some

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formulas as a way which power is
usually expressed in watts. And of course

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one thing to remember when we're doing
load calculations that va volt damp years is

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synonymous with wattage. Y'all know when
we do range calculations and you see eight

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thousand va, and it's the same
as eight thousand watts. So in that

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case, so again that's power.
Okay. So it's obviously not given to

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us in a resistance value. It's
given to us in power. So with

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that said, there's one important thing
to us to understand that there are such

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things as Ohm's law, right,
and there's such things as power formulas.

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And you might have an Ohms wheel, and your Ohm's wheel will have all

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kinds of equations on it, right, Oh gosh, it'll it'll have watts,

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uh, It'll have volted lambs and
the Ohms. And this is basically

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a power wheel. And of course
within this power wheel you'll get your your

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you'll have your basics Ohms law equations. And the basic Omes law again is

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current E equals I mean, excuse
me, current I equals E or V

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divided by R the resistance, or
to solve the resistance, it is E

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for voltage or V for voltage divided
by I the current. And of course

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if you're trying to find the voltage, then it would be I. The

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current times are the resistance. So
that is your basic OMES formula. Okay,

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so that's the formulas lose Now when
you start getting into a little deeper,

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then you start getting into what we
call power formulas and the power.

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One of the power formulas we have
is P, which is power equals V

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or E for voltage times I which
is the current. Course, the same

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scenario comes into play if you're doing
it where you want to find the current,

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but you know what the power is, then it's pretty simple, right

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then it would be P divided by
the voltage to find the current. Makes

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sense. So you have all these
different formulas that you would use, and

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a good on wheel is going to
give you ohms and power in everything in

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it. We call that a power
formula wheel. Whereas a typical OMS would

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be a circle with the line through
the middle, so you have a top

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half and a bottom half, and
then from that middle line you draw a

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line straight down in the middle,
so basically gives you three quadrants, okay,

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and you get two on the bottom
and one big one on the top.

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Well, in the top one you
would put the E or V for

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voltage okay, and then on the
bottom you would put an I on the

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left side that would be for current, and on the right you'd put an

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R for resistance. So if you
put your finger over any one of those,

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then you would follow the If you
put it over the I, then

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would be E divided by the R. If you put it over the the

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R, then it would be E, which is on the top divided by

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the I, which is on the
bottom left. Or if you put it

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over the E the top portion,
then it would be the I in the

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R. Excuse me, the the
the I in the Yeah, the E

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I R the I in the R
would be side by side, so that

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would be your current times the resistance. So E I R I don't know

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if I said that right earlier,
but that's what you would get for that.

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And it's the same thing for PI
or the power wheel. If you're

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just simplifying it down, same circle, same way you make it, but

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instead of it being E I R, it's P I E. So P

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goes on the top, I goes
on the bottom left, and then E

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goes in the right. So if
you're solving for power, it's just II

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the current times E the voltage or
V the voltage. If you're solving for

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00:16:41,840 --> 00:16:48,320
a current, then it would be
power divided by the voltage or E or

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00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:52,720
V, whichever you're using. And
if you're solving for the voltage, then

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00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:57,480
it would be P for the power
divided by I the current. The key

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thing to remember in these relationship is
that when you're doing one with resistance,

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then that's a fixed resistance, like
what you get out of a conductor.

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00:17:06,759 --> 00:17:11,799
It's fixed. When you're doing it
for power, it's because you know the

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00:17:11,960 --> 00:17:15,519
power that you need, right,
the power is constant, and that's why

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00:17:15,519 --> 00:17:21,279
you're doing it, and you're trying
to remember that you have to regulate.

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00:17:21,519 --> 00:17:23,599
If the voltage goes up, the
current's got to go down because you need

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the power to stay the same.
And so that's why that one is inversely

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00:17:27,759 --> 00:17:33,119
proportional. So with that said,
I guess we can go through some examples

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00:17:33,119 --> 00:17:37,599
here to just kind of hammer some
of this home. First one, listen,

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00:17:37,640 --> 00:17:41,960
okay, so let's just talk Ohms
law. So the Ohms law again,

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00:17:42,079 --> 00:17:45,599
formula will be using to find current
because that tends to be what the

219
00:17:45,680 --> 00:17:49,880
question was about the current. Why
does the current change or why does what

220
00:17:49,920 --> 00:17:53,240
does it do what it does?
So under Ohm's law, the relationship between

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00:17:53,279 --> 00:17:59,000
the voltage, current, and resistance
in the electrical circuit is basically, again

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00:17:59,160 --> 00:18:03,519
to solve or the eye or amps, it would be the voltage divided by

223
00:18:03,559 --> 00:18:08,759
the resistance and this would be a
fixed resistance whatever those resistance values are.

224
00:18:11,039 --> 00:18:15,920
So what this equation tells us is
that the current, which is represented an

225
00:18:15,920 --> 00:18:22,079
eye is directly proportional to the voltage
for a given resistance value. So the

226
00:18:22,119 --> 00:18:30,400
resistance value did not change. Okay. Also, current is inversely proportional to

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00:18:30,559 --> 00:18:36,079
resistance for a given voltage. Okay, So that's what we get. So

228
00:18:36,319 --> 00:18:41,039
that's when you see proportional. So
the first one that's proportional has to do

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00:18:41,119 --> 00:18:48,480
with voltage and current for a set
resistance value, that didn't change. However,

230
00:18:49,039 --> 00:18:56,720
when it comes to current and resistance, they're inversely proportional for a given

231
00:18:57,359 --> 00:19:02,960
voltage. Okay. So that's a
key things that depending on how you write

232
00:19:02,960 --> 00:19:07,039
to how you do the equation.
Now, when it came to power,

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00:19:07,039 --> 00:19:14,839
okay, the power formula relates to
power voltage and current, and the first

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00:19:14,839 --> 00:19:18,759
thing that we do we want to
find power. Then we just simply take

235
00:19:18,759 --> 00:19:22,200
the voltage times the current, and
that gives us what the power is.

236
00:19:23,160 --> 00:19:26,319
But what is the P. The
P is the product of the voltage and

237
00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:30,880
the current. That's what creates the
power. Now, for a fixed power,

238
00:19:32,599 --> 00:19:37,079
whatever that wattage may be, whatever
that va maybe it's fixed. So

239
00:19:37,160 --> 00:19:42,599
if the voltage actually increases, the
current must decrease in order to keep the

240
00:19:42,680 --> 00:19:48,160
product consistent, so to keep the
same level of power, So you have

241
00:19:48,240 --> 00:19:56,519
to make an adjustment. That's why
they're inversely proportional. Okay, Okay,

242
00:19:56,759 --> 00:20:00,920
so let's talk and so let's even
go deeper, because I want to make

243
00:20:00,960 --> 00:20:06,319
sure that everybody was clear in my
examples of ohms law. Okay, so

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00:20:06,519 --> 00:20:12,519
let's talk about that direct proportionality of
voltage and current. So when the resistance

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00:20:12,559 --> 00:20:17,680
itself is fixed, means as a
conductor are low. Whatever the resistance may

246
00:20:17,720 --> 00:20:19,960
be, and if it's on an
exam, it's just a fit a fixed

247
00:20:21,039 --> 00:20:23,480
value of resistance that somebody gives you, whatever it may be. Okay,

248
00:20:23,680 --> 00:20:30,240
so many ohms of resistance. Okay, So when that ohms omeric value of

249
00:20:30,279 --> 00:20:37,720
resistance is actually fixed amount, the
relationship between voltage and current is, like

250
00:20:37,799 --> 00:20:41,279
we said, it's direct. So
when you increase the voltage, So when

251
00:20:41,319 --> 00:20:47,079
you increase the voltage in the circuit
with a fixed resistance value, whatever it

252
00:20:47,079 --> 00:20:52,400
may be, you are increasing the
electric potential difference, which pushes more electrons

253
00:20:52,559 --> 00:21:00,680
through the conductor, thereby increasing the
current. So that's why you have that

254
00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:04,839
proportionality, that direct proportion, because
if you have a certain amount of resistance,

255
00:21:07,079 --> 00:21:11,160
right and you increase the voltage,
then you're trying to push more electrons

256
00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:15,839
through the current, I mean through
the conductor, and that means you're going

257
00:21:15,920 --> 00:21:21,079
to increase the current, the amount
of current that's being drawn right now.

258
00:21:21,920 --> 00:21:26,640
You decrease the voltage, then that
means conversely, when you decrease the voltage,

259
00:21:26,680 --> 00:21:33,720
the electrical potential difference is reduced.
As a result, fewer electrons,

260
00:21:33,759 --> 00:21:37,000
if you will, are being pushed
through a conductor, and when you're pushing

261
00:21:37,319 --> 00:21:47,279
less electrons through a conductor, you're
decreasing the current. Okay, makes sense,

262
00:21:47,720 --> 00:21:48,559
all right. Let me give you
an example. So let's just do

263
00:21:48,599 --> 00:21:52,119
a fixed value. Let's say we
have ten homes. So again we have

264
00:21:52,160 --> 00:21:55,559
a fixed resistance ten homes, whatever
it may be. Maybe this is how

265
00:21:55,559 --> 00:21:57,920
you get it on an exam.
You got ten homes, and let's keep

266
00:21:57,960 --> 00:22:02,440
it simple. Let's just say it's
ten volts. So you can see how

267
00:22:02,440 --> 00:22:07,039
this works the nice round numbers.
So in order to find the current,

268
00:22:07,920 --> 00:22:11,880
and I have a fixed resistance of
ten homes, and I'm applying the voltage

269
00:22:11,799 --> 00:22:15,960
of ten volts. Then remember what
our example is. It would be the

270
00:22:17,079 --> 00:22:21,960
voltage divided by the resistance. So
it's ten volts divided by ten holmes is

271
00:22:22,039 --> 00:22:29,279
one ampire. But now if I
increase that voltage to twenty volts, and

272
00:22:29,359 --> 00:22:34,440
I do twenty vaults divided by ten, now the current has increased to two

273
00:22:34,559 --> 00:22:41,759
ampiers. Again, I have more
voltage, right, more voltage, which

274
00:22:41,799 --> 00:22:49,319
is more pressure pushing through the same
resistance to current flow. And now my

275
00:22:49,519 --> 00:22:56,880
current is going to go up,
So the current doubles because the voltage doubleday.

276
00:22:56,039 --> 00:23:00,279
And this is all assuming that that
resistant actually stays is the same Okay

277
00:23:00,319 --> 00:23:06,359
in my analogy in this example.
Okay, now taking this one step,

278
00:23:06,359 --> 00:23:10,440
but that's how that works. Okay, if you take it to the next

279
00:23:10,440 --> 00:23:15,200
thing and say, okay, well, explain the inverse proportionality of voltage and

280
00:23:15,319 --> 00:23:18,720
current if the power is the same. So we're talking now a power equation.

281
00:23:19,440 --> 00:23:23,640
If the power is fixed whatever that
power value may be hundred hundred watts,

282
00:23:23,680 --> 00:23:26,240
six hundred watts, whatever it may
be, VA, whatever it may

283
00:23:26,279 --> 00:23:33,200
be. So when power is fixed, the relationship between voltage and current is

284
00:23:33,240 --> 00:23:40,359
in verse. Okay, and so
we can explain this this out. So

285
00:23:40,480 --> 00:23:45,079
first of all, to find power, we all know that define power,

286
00:23:45,079 --> 00:23:48,920
it's voltage times the amps and that's
how we get power. Okay, that

287
00:23:49,079 --> 00:23:53,480
nice old you know P I E
wheel. Okay, put your finger over

288
00:23:53,519 --> 00:24:00,359
the top P then you got p
I E or p A V if you

289
00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:03,559
like to use V instead of E. Doesn't matter. So in that scenario,

290
00:24:03,640 --> 00:24:08,240
it's vaults voltage times the current and
that gives you the power. Okay.

291
00:24:10,319 --> 00:24:14,119
So one of the things remember is
in this scenario, since we're doing

292
00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:18,799
a power a fixed power value for
whatever the load may be for power,

293
00:24:19,279 --> 00:24:25,079
when you increase the voltage while maintaining
that same level of power, so the

294
00:24:25,119 --> 00:24:27,160
power is not changing. It's whatever
the work is you need done, six

295
00:24:27,240 --> 00:24:30,920
hundred watts or whatever it may be. So when you increase the voltage,

296
00:24:32,279 --> 00:24:37,359
the current must decrease. Why this
is well, this is because the product

297
00:24:37,400 --> 00:24:44,160
of voltage in current must remain constant. So higher voltage means each unit of

298
00:24:44,279 --> 00:24:49,839
current carries more energy, so you
need less current to deliver the same total

299
00:24:51,039 --> 00:24:55,400
power. So in order to adjust
it, we have to drop down.

300
00:24:56,079 --> 00:25:00,079
Okay, the current will come down. Okay. Now if you decrease the

301
00:25:00,160 --> 00:25:07,880
voltage, then when increase the voltage, the current must increase to maintain that

302
00:25:08,079 --> 00:25:15,400
same power level, that same wattage. That's necessary. So lower voltage means

303
00:25:15,440 --> 00:25:19,200
each unit of current carries less energy, so you need more current to deliver

304
00:25:19,359 --> 00:25:27,200
what the same total power. Okay. So that again why it's inversely proportional,

305
00:25:27,640 --> 00:25:33,039
is because you lower the power,
then you need you get more current

306
00:25:33,720 --> 00:25:37,880
because you're trying to maintain the same
power level. You rise up the voltage,

307
00:25:37,279 --> 00:25:41,640
you're going to have to lower the
current in order to maintain the same

308
00:25:41,759 --> 00:25:45,160
power level. You get what I'm
saying. So that's why they're called inversely

309
00:25:45,160 --> 00:25:51,319
proportional. Okay, So let's those
some examples in there of let's show you

310
00:25:51,359 --> 00:25:55,960
how this works. If I've got
a hundred watt load and it's a fixed

311
00:25:56,039 --> 00:25:59,240
load, whatever the load would be
one hundred watt lamp or whatever it may

312
00:25:59,279 --> 00:26:03,240
be. If you have one hundred
watts, now if you apply ten vaults

313
00:26:03,319 --> 00:26:07,319
to that, what will be the
current. Well, in this case,

314
00:26:07,319 --> 00:26:11,680
we're going to use the of the
P the PIE or PIV depending on whether

315
00:26:11,720 --> 00:26:15,480
you use V or E for your
voltage. If I'm solving for I,

316
00:26:17,039 --> 00:26:19,799
which is the current, then that
leaves me the P which is the wattage

317
00:26:21,359 --> 00:26:25,039
divided by the E or the V
which is the voltage. So that would

318
00:26:25,039 --> 00:26:30,599
be ten one hundred watts divided by
ten volts, and that's going to get

319
00:26:30,640 --> 00:26:33,440
ten ams, right, and that's
going to get that's what my amps are.

320
00:26:33,519 --> 00:26:38,599
Now, the wattage doesn't change.
The wattage doesn't change, So to

321
00:26:38,640 --> 00:26:45,400
do the math, if I increase
the voltage to twenty volts, what will

322
00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:49,039
the current be? Well, the
wattage did not change, so I have

323
00:26:49,039 --> 00:26:55,559
had to do one hundred watts divided
by two hundred volts gives me five ams,

324
00:26:56,880 --> 00:26:59,720
right, So it makes sense.
Now we can verify all this.

325
00:27:00,079 --> 00:27:02,359
If you're saying, well wait a
minute, Paul, is that going to

326
00:27:02,480 --> 00:27:06,640
give me the same level of power? Absolutely, So let's go back to

327
00:27:06,680 --> 00:27:12,039
the power equation P equals E or
V times I. So now that we

328
00:27:12,119 --> 00:27:15,400
solve for I which is the amps, we can go back and verify all

329
00:27:15,440 --> 00:27:18,759
this. So remember, the power
didn't change, it's still one hundred watts.

330
00:27:19,680 --> 00:27:22,279
So if I do this, and
the first one was ten volts,

331
00:27:22,599 --> 00:27:26,480
we do ten times I, which
is the current, So ten times ten

332
00:27:26,559 --> 00:27:32,599
is one hundred. But now go
to the same equation where the voltage is

333
00:27:32,680 --> 00:27:38,359
twenty, so we do twenty.
Okay times five equals one hundred. So

334
00:27:38,480 --> 00:27:44,079
see the amps had to come down
in order to maintain the same level of

335
00:27:44,200 --> 00:27:48,279
power. And if one hundred watts
is what we need and that's what the

336
00:27:48,319 --> 00:27:52,000
load is, then it makes sense. So in the field, what you're

337
00:27:52,039 --> 00:27:56,079
seeing is with transformers, it's it's
va, which is synonymous with power.

338
00:27:56,480 --> 00:28:02,519
That's what we use the most.
Right, we're using a power formula where

339
00:28:02,519 --> 00:28:04,559
that's what we're really doing. We're
not so much using the resistance formula.

340
00:28:04,640 --> 00:28:08,359
But just be prepared because you could
get a pure resistance question on an exam,

341
00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:12,319
and you as long as you understand
the concepts of the power wheels and

342
00:28:12,359 --> 00:28:18,440
the Ohms wheels and the formulas,
you're going to be Okay, You're going

343
00:28:18,519 --> 00:28:25,359
to be fine. Just remember the
current has because the voltage doubled, assuming

344
00:28:25,400 --> 00:28:30,440
the power stays the same. Okay, hope that makes sense. So then

345
00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:34,279
again that takes us back to the
differences, and I'll just end it on

346
00:28:34,359 --> 00:28:38,720
this to kind of relock this into
your mind. With you're dealing with Ohm's

347
00:28:38,799 --> 00:28:45,119
law, you're focusing on a relationships
that has to do with voltage, currents,

348
00:28:45,240 --> 00:28:49,480
and resistance. And if the resistance
is fixed, like in a conductor,

349
00:28:49,599 --> 00:28:56,200
let's say, then when you increase
the voltage, it directly increases the

350
00:28:56,319 --> 00:29:00,119
current. Why, because you're increasing
the voltage, you're increasing the pressure,

351
00:29:00,200 --> 00:29:07,319
so you're pushing more current means you're
driving more electrons through a conductor, So

352
00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:14,200
the resistance didn't change. So by
doing so, by increasing the voltage,

353
00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:17,599
it's going to result in increasing the
current that's flowing through it. Okay,

354
00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:22,599
So when it comes to the power
formula, the relationship is a little different.

355
00:29:22,039 --> 00:29:30,240
It's between voltage, current and power
versus resistance. Power. Now,

356
00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:33,279
if the power is fixed, whatever
that may be eight hundred you know,

357
00:29:33,319 --> 00:29:37,160
maybe it's eight thousand watts for like
a range or or whatever it may be.

358
00:29:37,680 --> 00:29:41,079
If that power is fixed, then
you're using a power formula. So

359
00:29:41,279 --> 00:29:48,279
increasing the voltage means that each unit
of current carries more energy, so less

360
00:29:48,400 --> 00:29:53,039
current is needed to deliver the same
power level. That way, that means

361
00:29:53,079 --> 00:29:59,920
that the current drops, so conversely, decreasing the voltage means it each un

362
00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:04,559
and it carries less energy, so
more current is needed and that's why the

363
00:30:04,559 --> 00:30:10,240
current goes up. So you drop
the voltage down, it's going to need

364
00:30:10,279 --> 00:30:11,599
more current. It's going to go
up. That's why they're inversely proportional.

365
00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:15,279
But you have higher current, excuse
me, you have higher voltage, then

366
00:30:15,319 --> 00:30:19,319
they don't need as much current.
It's going to go down in order to

367
00:30:19,400 --> 00:30:26,480
maintain the same power level. You
with me, hopefully you're following along.

368
00:30:26,519 --> 00:30:30,359
So to summarize it at the end
here, voltage in current, when it

369
00:30:30,400 --> 00:30:33,319
comes to Ohm's law, when you
have a fixed resistance, you increase the

370
00:30:33,400 --> 00:30:37,960
voltage increases the current. Decreasing the
voltage decreases the current. Okay, So

371
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:44,880
they're directly proportional. When it comes
to resistance in current okay, which is

372
00:30:44,920 --> 00:30:49,519
not voltage and current, but resistance
in current with fixed with the fixed voltage

373
00:30:49,519 --> 00:30:55,160
means the voltage doesn't change, it's
the same voltage. Then increasing the resistance

374
00:30:55,240 --> 00:31:00,319
will decrease the current, and decreasing
the resistance increases the current. So you

375
00:31:00,359 --> 00:31:04,079
increase the resistance, you will decrease
the current. You decrease the resistance,

376
00:31:04,559 --> 00:31:08,559
you will actually increase the current,
and that's if the voltage stays the same,

377
00:31:08,880 --> 00:31:14,920
okay, it's not changing, okay. And that differs from voltage in

378
00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:22,680
current because we're increasing voltage in the
resistance and current. That's inversely proportional because

379
00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:26,799
what we're changing here is not the
voltage. What we're changing is the resistance,

380
00:31:26,279 --> 00:31:30,119
and that's going to affect the current. And then of course the power

381
00:31:30,119 --> 00:31:34,720
equation. We're dealing with voltage and
current when it's fixed power. So when

382
00:31:34,720 --> 00:31:37,720
you have a fixed power value,
which is probably what you're using the most,

383
00:31:38,519 --> 00:31:42,960
when you're increasing the voltage, it's
going to dease decrease the current.

384
00:31:45,440 --> 00:31:48,240
Right When you increase the voltage,
you're decreasing the current, and when you,

385
00:31:48,279 --> 00:31:55,680
of course decrease the voltage, you're
increasing the current. So increasing voltage

386
00:31:55,720 --> 00:32:04,279
decreases current, okay, increasing the
vultgeage decreasing the voltage increases the current.

387
00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:09,160
So that's why they're inversely for proportional. Did I say that proportional? You

388
00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:14,759
get it? Okay, Hopefully that
makes sense. It is tough to kind

389
00:32:14,759 --> 00:32:22,000
of grasp all these things in I
guess the analogy. I like to leave

390
00:32:22,039 --> 00:32:25,480
people with the thought of the waterflow. Again, the pipe size or the

391
00:32:25,480 --> 00:32:30,720
conductor size. The resistance is typically
fixed, it varies depending on the size

392
00:32:30,759 --> 00:32:36,799
of the conductor. The different resistances
to current flow based on whatever size you

393
00:32:36,880 --> 00:32:40,920
choose, the bigger it is,
the lower resistance to current flow. It

394
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:44,799
kind of correlates to Chapter nine,
Table eight, where you see a smaller

395
00:32:44,799 --> 00:32:50,640
conductor has higher resistance per thousand feet
than a larger conductor. Think of that

396
00:32:50,680 --> 00:32:53,000
the same thing as a big water
pipe versus a smaller water pipe. Okay,

397
00:32:54,640 --> 00:33:00,319
thinking of it that way. Thinking
of voltage as pressure, okay,

398
00:33:00,119 --> 00:33:04,599
think of the voltage is pressure like
a water hose, the amount of pressure

399
00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:07,920
the fauset, how how much you
open it versus whether it's opened halfway or

400
00:33:07,960 --> 00:33:14,640
all the way, changing the vault
pressure current. Think of current. The

401
00:33:14,680 --> 00:33:19,880
analogy in a water pipe is the
flow of the water, right, and

402
00:33:20,319 --> 00:33:23,680
so it depending on how much it
flows, is the level of current that's

403
00:33:23,720 --> 00:33:30,960
flowing. Okay, those type of
things all right, Hopefully that's made it

404
00:33:30,960 --> 00:33:34,920
a little simpler to understand. I
just need you to understand for an exam.

405
00:33:35,119 --> 00:33:37,319
Make sure to separate these out.
If you have a wattage value,

406
00:33:37,359 --> 00:33:40,240
you're going to use a power formula. If you've got a resistance value.

407
00:33:40,240 --> 00:33:45,000
You're going to be doing Ohm's law, and it would basically be a E

408
00:33:45,200 --> 00:33:47,559
I R. If you're doing a
power it's going to be P I E

409
00:33:49,319 --> 00:33:52,319
right, the E being the voltage, the P being the power, I

410
00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:58,400
being current in that scenario, in
the in the E I R, the

411
00:33:58,440 --> 00:34:00,960
E being the voltage, the I
being the current, and the R being

412
00:34:01,079 --> 00:34:08,239
the resistance in ohms omeric omega value. Okay, all right, anyway,

413
00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:13,199
kind of a longer podcast on theory. Hopefully you got it. That's about

414
00:34:13,199 --> 00:34:15,000
the best I can do it in
a podcast. You can gree to disagree,

415
00:34:15,239 --> 00:34:17,599
and if you don't like it,
I look forward to hearing your video

416
00:34:17,679 --> 00:34:21,880
explaining it or a podcast explaining it
better than I did. Until next time,

417
00:34:21,880 --> 00:34:23,159
folks, they say, God bless
them. We'll catch you on the

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00:34:23,199 --> 00:34:50,679
next Let's Ask Paul podcast