1 00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:35,079 What Up? What Up? What Up? What Up? Everybody? Welcome 2 00:00:35,119 --> 00:00:39,280 to another episode of Let's Ask Paul, the podcast where you get to ask 3 00:00:39,399 --> 00:00:43,640 me anything you want about the National Electrical Code and all things electrically related. 4 00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:47,920 Welcome to the podcast. If you've never listened to our podcast before, where 5 00:00:47,960 --> 00:00:52,840 you've been. We're available on all of your popular listening platforms. Our most 6 00:00:52,880 --> 00:00:58,039 popular is Apple Podcasts, but we are available on Google Podcasts, Speaker Deezer, 7 00:00:58,159 --> 00:01:04,120 Iheartradiou, Spotify, all the Podbean believe it or not, yep. 8 00:01:04,560 --> 00:01:08,040 In all of those popular platforms. Even on your election device, you can 9 00:01:08,079 --> 00:01:14,920 ask to find master the NEEC podcast and find us. 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Folks do it in 19 00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:04,120 the car all the time. Folks. Folks do it with their wireless earbuds 20 00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:07,400 as well, and connect to their phone and listen to the podcast on the 21 00:02:07,480 --> 00:02:09,360 job site and all that kind of other stuff. Again, Also, if 22 00:02:09,400 --> 00:02:15,680 you're interested in some nice Bluetooth earbuds, then we have some made you know 23 00:02:15,719 --> 00:02:23,960 with the marketing just for electricians over on Electricianpride dot com and that is our 24 00:02:23,080 --> 00:02:31,439 sponsor for today's episode, is Electrician Pride. Just go to Electricianpride dot com 25 00:02:31,479 --> 00:02:36,039 just like it sounds, electrician pr id e dot com and you can find 26 00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:40,319 all of your popular electrical swag for journeyman, master electricians and whatnot, or 27 00:02:40,360 --> 00:02:46,439 even some just generic electrician stuff. Hell, we even have sneakers over there 28 00:02:46,479 --> 00:02:51,080 that you can sport the fact that you're an electrician Okay, the best profession 29 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:53,120 in the world, baby, And you can get all your swag over there 30 00:02:53,159 --> 00:02:58,400 if you want. All right, so let's get into the day's questions that 31 00:02:58,439 --> 00:03:02,759 were submitted to Let's ask Paul and I'm going to read this first question first 32 00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:05,960 and then i'll answer it. Then, well, we'll see if we have 33 00:03:05,960 --> 00:03:07,240 time for another one, we'll go into it. It says, Hello, 34 00:03:07,319 --> 00:03:14,080 Paul, I have been listening to podcast episode one forty three to get a 35 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:19,439 better understanding of type MC cable. I heard you talk about how the twenty 36 00:03:19,520 --> 00:03:25,039 twenty three code they added the clarification that an MC connector is considered as a 37 00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:31,120 type of securing and supporting. Well, actually it's a type of supporting. 38 00:03:31,639 --> 00:03:36,520 It didn't state that it was a type of securing. It said supporting. 39 00:03:36,759 --> 00:03:39,680 Okay, there's a difference, and I'll explain that. It says I also 40 00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:46,319 heard you talk about AWG number ten or smaller four conductors or less. It 41 00:03:46,319 --> 00:03:52,360 would need to be secured within twelve inches of the box and six feet after 42 00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:57,439 that. My question is if you have two boxes, say, for example, 43 00:03:57,520 --> 00:04:01,319 a receptacle amount at hammer heights, so we'll say sixteen inches or eighteen 44 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:05,800 inches off the floor, and a TV receptacle that is up at five and 45 00:04:05,840 --> 00:04:10,280 a half feet. Okay, now, chances are you probably wouldn't be using 46 00:04:10,400 --> 00:04:12,759 MC for this, but in this case, since it was asked this way, 47 00:04:12,840 --> 00:04:15,879 that's what you're gonna do that says the distance between each box is less 48 00:04:15,920 --> 00:04:23,040 than six feet using twelve to two type MC cable, would this installation still 49 00:04:23,079 --> 00:04:28,399 requires securing the MC cable within twelve inches of the box, or since the 50 00:04:28,600 --> 00:04:34,079 connector is considered securing and supporting, it's considered supporting, not securing supporting. 51 00:04:34,120 --> 00:04:39,680 But we'll see in a minute. Why is no additional securing required? Thanks 52 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:44,920 in advance, love your podcast. All right, well, thank you for 53 00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:47,360 submitting that question. All right, it's enough of that. Thanks for submitting 54 00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:53,360 that question. So what this is gonna do to answer this question. It's 55 00:04:53,360 --> 00:04:56,920 gonna take us into the National Electrical Code for those that follow, and we're 56 00:04:56,920 --> 00:05:01,600 gonna be using the twenty twenty three edition of the NEC because again his reference 57 00:05:01,720 --> 00:05:05,839 was in that episode was talking about the twenty twenty three edition, and in 58 00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:13,439 three point thirty dot thirty A they added the phrase type MC cable fittings shall 59 00:05:13,519 --> 00:05:18,759 be permitted as a means of cable support, not securing its support. Now, 60 00:05:19,160 --> 00:05:25,920 in your question, it very much sounds like this is somebody's adding a 61 00:05:27,120 --> 00:05:30,560 TV later, right, So I'm gonna look at it in two different ways. 62 00:05:30,800 --> 00:05:32,959 So they're adding a TV and they're putting it up higher. So it 63 00:05:33,040 --> 00:05:39,040 means it's a finished building and it is already either gypsum board or whatever, 64 00:05:39,079 --> 00:05:41,439 it's done. So they're adding it, they're gonna connect to it, and 65 00:05:41,439 --> 00:05:44,920 they're gonna add it up higher. Okay, all right, so we'll talk 66 00:05:44,920 --> 00:05:48,800 about that first. So in that scenario, that's we're gonna come down to 67 00:05:48,959 --> 00:05:56,839 three thirty dot thirty D and it's called unsupported cables. It says type MC 68 00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:02,040 cables shall be permitted to be unsupported and and unsecured where the cable complies with 69 00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:08,519 any of the following. Now, number one it says is fish between access 70 00:06:08,600 --> 00:06:15,680 points through concealed spaces and finished buildings or structures, and supporting is impractical. 71 00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:18,319 Okay, So that's the first one, all right. So in this case, 72 00:06:18,399 --> 00:06:21,199 if we were talking about finished construction, sheet rocks already up, and 73 00:06:21,240 --> 00:06:24,399 somebody comes along and says, hey, man, I now want to teach 74 00:06:24,439 --> 00:06:27,160 I want a receptacle of high for my flat screen, okay, and you're 75 00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:30,959 using MC by some chance, and that's what this question is based on. 76 00:06:30,079 --> 00:06:33,959 So I know there's my trolls out there that say this wouldn't happen, This 77 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:39,680 would be in m cable, but maybe not. If it's a multi family 78 00:06:39,680 --> 00:06:42,439 building. You're in a dwelling units multiple stories, they're going to be using 79 00:06:42,600 --> 00:06:46,959 MC. So obviously that's why this person's using MC. Okay, stop being 80 00:06:46,959 --> 00:06:49,279 a troll, all right. So this is what their choice was, it 81 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:55,600 says. Now number two says it is not more than six feet in length 82 00:06:56,000 --> 00:07:00,399 from the last point of cable support to the point of connection to the luminair 83 00:07:00,600 --> 00:07:05,560 or other electrical equipment, and the cable end point of connection is within an 84 00:07:05,639 --> 00:07:12,040 accessible ceiling. Okay, So this is not in a ceiling, this is 85 00:07:12,040 --> 00:07:15,600 in a wall. So this one is not going to apply. Okay. 86 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:23,480 The next one says is type EMC of the interlocked armer type in length not 87 00:07:23,600 --> 00:07:29,360 exceeding three feet from the last point where it was securely fastened and used to 88 00:07:29,439 --> 00:07:33,560 connect equipment with flexibility is necessary to minimize the transmission vibror. Neither one of 89 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:40,639 these apply. Okay. Now here's the deal. Item number one. D 90 00:07:40,800 --> 00:07:45,480 one says is fish between. It says, it says that you meet any 91 00:07:45,519 --> 00:07:48,879 of these in D. It doesn't say you have to meet all of these 92 00:07:49,759 --> 00:07:57,000 any of these. So D one says is fished between access points through concealed 93 00:07:57,040 --> 00:08:03,800 spaces in finished buildings or ructures, and supporting is impractical. Okay. So 94 00:08:05,000 --> 00:08:11,639 in this case, it's impractical to put any supporting on it right between the 95 00:08:11,639 --> 00:08:16,399 box at the bottom and the box you're putting at the top. Okay, 96 00:08:16,519 --> 00:08:20,199 so if you're fishing it in it and we do not give a Lenke requirement 97 00:08:20,240 --> 00:08:24,839 here in which people ask about all the time, because there's some people that 98 00:08:24,879 --> 00:08:28,120 want to do this on even bigger MC and they wonder what's the maximum I 99 00:08:28,160 --> 00:08:35,120 can go, right, But that is this is unsupporting rule. Okay. 100 00:08:35,240 --> 00:08:39,840 Now, notice that D says unsupporting unsupported cables, but yet the rule says 101 00:08:39,960 --> 00:08:43,919 unsupported it unsecured. So we should probably submit a public input, I believe 102 00:08:43,960 --> 00:08:50,879 too late now, a public input to change D to being unsupported and unsecured 103 00:08:50,679 --> 00:08:54,000 cables. And I'm sure somebody we didn't catch it, and we didn't do 104 00:08:54,120 --> 00:08:58,960 it because the rule states unsupported and unsecured. But this is a reason why 105 00:09:00,200 --> 00:09:03,600 we make changes every three years. Sometimes we just see stuff and we go, 106 00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:07,279 damn, I wish we had a wish. We had to clarify that. 107 00:09:07,840 --> 00:09:13,360 Okay, all right, now, the importance of this is it is 108 00:09:13,600 --> 00:09:18,279 since it's impractical to do the supporting. Then I would think that in that 109 00:09:18,360 --> 00:09:22,759 amount there, if you're fishing it, that's not going to be a problem 110 00:09:22,960 --> 00:09:28,320 to go from the box to box. All right. I don't think you'd 111 00:09:28,360 --> 00:09:33,840 have any problem with that at all. Okay, all right, So not 112 00:09:33,879 --> 00:09:39,039 going to be any issues, and it is going to be considered supported with 113 00:09:39,159 --> 00:09:43,159 this new additional language. It's considered supported at the box, and then it's 114 00:09:43,159 --> 00:09:46,960 supported at the other box, and they're within six feet of each other, 115 00:09:46,480 --> 00:09:52,279 then we're going to argue that that is supported. And of course there's the 116 00:09:52,399 --> 00:09:56,399 securing element of it is basically where D's going to kick in and say, 117 00:09:56,440 --> 00:10:01,559 look, it shall be permitted to be unsupported and unsecured where the cable complies 118 00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:05,120 with any of the following. And we're using D one to do that. 119 00:10:05,240 --> 00:10:07,120 So I'm not gonna have any I wouldn't have any problem with that. Now, 120 00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:11,799 if you're doing this in new construction, obviously you're going to be putting 121 00:10:11,840 --> 00:10:16,320 it, you know, on the wall, in the wall, and it's 122 00:10:16,360 --> 00:10:20,679 new construction, so it's not through concealed spaces that's in finished work. It's 123 00:10:20,840 --> 00:10:26,360 part of new construction. If that is the case, then based on what 124 00:10:26,440 --> 00:10:28,679 you said twelve to two and what you're dealing with, then then you have 125 00:10:28,720 --> 00:10:33,360 to follow the rules of three thirty dot thirty and in this case the securement 126 00:10:33,559 --> 00:10:39,919 requirement because the MC cable fittings shall be permitted as a means of cable support, 127 00:10:39,399 --> 00:10:45,679 did not qualify for securing, only for support. So you still have 128 00:10:45,759 --> 00:10:50,480 to follow the rules in three thirty dot thirty B that says unless otherwise permitted 129 00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:54,080 in this code, and that was the unsecured and unsupported rule that we just 130 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:56,919 saw a minute ago. That's what it means when it says that it says 131 00:10:58,000 --> 00:11:03,320 cables shall be secured at intervals not exceeding six feet, so that's the general 132 00:11:03,399 --> 00:11:09,440 rule. Then it says cables containing four or fewer conductors size no larger than 133 00:11:09,519 --> 00:11:16,080 ten awg shall be secured within twelve inches of every box. So what that 134 00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:18,679 means is, no, you could not go from the bottom receptacle up to 135 00:11:18,759 --> 00:11:24,320 the upper receptacle. If that was a six foot span and you're doing twelve 136 00:11:24,399 --> 00:11:26,440 two, then you're gone to have to secure it within twelve inches of the 137 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:31,919 box each box. Okay, you with me? Okay, Now, if 138 00:11:31,919 --> 00:11:37,440 this had been feeder size or it was you know, larger than ten or 139 00:11:37,480 --> 00:11:43,639 if it was twelve five twelve six conductor for whatever reason, then you could 140 00:11:43,639 --> 00:11:48,919 go up to six feet before you hit your securement. But again it's the 141 00:11:48,960 --> 00:11:54,039 subtleness of knowing the difference between a securing rule and a supporting role. The 142 00:11:54,120 --> 00:12:00,840 securing component might also meet the supporting component, but not always does a supporting 143 00:12:00,879 --> 00:12:05,480 component meet the securing component. That's why there's two separate ones, right, 144 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:07,559 So you kind of got to look at each installation and look at what you're 145 00:12:07,559 --> 00:12:11,759 doing. But in your question, it sounds like you're phishing it in. 146 00:12:11,080 --> 00:12:16,480 So then you're gonna get away with three thirty dot thirty D one as what 147 00:12:16,519 --> 00:12:18,679 you're going to use to not have to worry about it from connector to connector. 148 00:12:18,799 --> 00:12:24,759 Okay, hope that answers your question in that one that was submitted. 149 00:12:24,759 --> 00:12:26,759 Again, this was submitted over on Paul Abernathy dot com, so we'll make 150 00:12:26,759 --> 00:12:31,159 sure you check that out. And uh, let's see if we got another 151 00:12:31,200 --> 00:12:35,519 question. Okay in this question here that was submitted and I'll do my best 152 00:12:35,519 --> 00:12:39,000 with this one. I do have an upcoming episode that we're working on for 153 00:12:39,200 --> 00:12:43,240 fault managed systems or digital electricity. But this question says I listened to your 154 00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:48,120 recent podcast on digital electricity fault managed power systems. If you don't mind, 155 00:12:48,159 --> 00:12:54,120 I have two potential questions. Should you ever have someone from volt server on 156 00:12:54,159 --> 00:12:58,360 your show, as you mentioned you might now we are trying to work with 157 00:12:58,399 --> 00:13:01,879 them. They did have a representative contact us, and I've been too busy 158 00:13:01,879 --> 00:13:05,360 to get back to them, and we're going to do the episode either with 159 00:13:05,559 --> 00:13:09,000 or without them, because all of our stuff is based on the NEC anyway, 160 00:13:09,320 --> 00:13:15,759 so we're not going to get into any proprietary thing with a volt server 161 00:13:15,919 --> 00:13:18,200 any of that. They have a they'll have an invitation when I do it, 162 00:13:18,279 --> 00:13:22,039 and we decide the date and they want to join us, that's great. 163 00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:24,600 If they don't, still going to answer the questions based on the National 164 00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:28,840 Electrical Code and what I know about these Class four fault managed systems. Okay, 165 00:13:28,879 --> 00:13:31,559 So two questions, and I'll do my best to try to answer these 166 00:13:31,600 --> 00:13:35,080 to the best of my knowledge, and of course, if I'm wrong, 167 00:13:35,159 --> 00:13:39,120 somebody from volt meter or a volt server can comment on it. Are you 168 00:13:39,279 --> 00:13:45,600 more than happy to comment in the comments and correct me if I'm wrong? 169 00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:50,200 It says Number one, It says being that Class four systems are using voltage 170 00:13:50,240 --> 00:13:56,759 and currents that would be hazardous. Hazardous, say, say, for the 171 00:13:56,799 --> 00:14:03,840 ability to detect the fault, what is the recommended periodic testing to prove these 172 00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:07,879 systems continue to have effective fault detection and interruption. Okay, so I guess 173 00:14:07,879 --> 00:14:11,559 what he's saying is, since they have the ability to go up to four 174 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:16,159 hundred and fifty vaults AC or DC, typically these will probably be DC. 175 00:14:16,240 --> 00:14:22,200 And since it's required to have a transmitter and a receiver that's constantly checking the 176 00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:26,200 system five hundred times a second. By the way, it's pretty much self 177 00:14:26,279 --> 00:14:31,679 regulating in a sense that it's there's nothing really you're going to do. It's 178 00:14:31,720 --> 00:14:37,759 designed based on the transmitter and the receiver, so it's very high voltage but 179 00:14:37,399 --> 00:14:41,360 low current, and it's done it in a way that it's checking it so 180 00:14:41,639 --> 00:14:46,200 often. So I don't know that there's anything that you would be able to 181 00:14:46,240 --> 00:14:50,159 do. And I don't want to try to speculate on any of that, 182 00:14:50,320 --> 00:14:54,799 because this is designed to be a system that has a transmitter and receiver, 183 00:14:56,519 --> 00:15:00,399 and if the since the transmitter is taking let's say ACN, it's going to 184 00:15:00,480 --> 00:15:05,320 the transmitter and it's changing it to DC four fifty is probably the more predominant 185 00:15:05,360 --> 00:15:09,279 application, and it's sending that to the transmitter, which is then is going 186 00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:11,440 to either change it to AC or you're going to utilize it as DC, 187 00:15:11,879 --> 00:15:16,200 maybe drop it down for your DC usage ratings or voltage ratings, so whether 188 00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:22,559 it's twelve volts, forty eight volts, whatever it may be, or it's 189 00:15:22,679 --> 00:15:24,720 getting to a point where it's using an inverter and then turning it back into 190 00:15:24,759 --> 00:15:31,039 AC for limited loads things like that. I think that the point between the 191 00:15:31,120 --> 00:15:35,159 transmitter and the receiver is pretty managed. In other words, if there's anything 192 00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:39,519 that goes wrong, it's just going to shut down. So I don't think 193 00:15:39,559 --> 00:15:43,840 that I think it's periodically. It's going to constantly be testing itself. And 194 00:15:43,879 --> 00:15:50,240 that's the benefit of this technology. And so it's really incumbent on the manufacturers 195 00:15:50,279 --> 00:15:58,279 and that's why they have standards that are coming out for this class four type 196 00:15:58,279 --> 00:16:02,200 systems fault managed systems. It's not only the cable that you use, but 197 00:16:02,279 --> 00:16:06,480 also the systems that are coming out under UL standard that are going to I 198 00:16:06,519 --> 00:16:10,879 think it's UL seventeen hundred DASH one for the systems and seventeen hundred DASH two 199 00:16:11,759 --> 00:16:15,120 for the cables and things like that. Don't quote me, but I think 200 00:16:15,159 --> 00:16:18,559 that's what it is. And this is already going to be inherent in the 201 00:16:18,600 --> 00:16:23,360 transmitter and receiver aspect of this setup. So I don't think there's anything it's 202 00:16:23,440 --> 00:16:29,679 constantly looking for faults. It can detect series and parallel faults. It can 203 00:16:29,919 --> 00:16:34,480 detect all different types of things, even more enhanced than GFP or ground fault 204 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:40,360 protection or anything like AFCIS or even gfci IS. It's already going to be 205 00:16:40,399 --> 00:16:44,039 inherent in. They transmitted a receiver type setup. Okay, So I think 206 00:16:44,080 --> 00:16:48,080 that's going to pretty much take care of itself. The next question says, 207 00:16:48,120 --> 00:16:53,919 being that these systems pulse power, what is their potential effect on power factor 208 00:16:55,480 --> 00:17:03,200 if more widely deployed and more energy in loads such as lighting. Well, 209 00:17:03,559 --> 00:17:07,640 I don't know how that the case would be, but I think that if 210 00:17:07,640 --> 00:17:11,000 you're typically using these type of systems, and I will have to ask them 211 00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:12,640 with more of that, I don't know how power factor plays that big of 212 00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:18,640 a role in these When you think about there, again are a system that 213 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:23,519 is listed with a transmitter and a receiver, and again, at that point, 214 00:17:25,240 --> 00:17:29,480 most of the applications here are going to be for some DC lighting applications, 215 00:17:29,480 --> 00:17:32,640 so you don't have those losses between AC. You don't want to go 216 00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:34,599 from AC to d C, then back to AC and then try to run 217 00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:38,000 a bunch of lighting like LEDs. It's more efficient to run them on a 218 00:17:38,079 --> 00:17:42,559 DC component. And I don't think that that power factor is going to play 219 00:17:42,559 --> 00:17:48,960 that big a role in that and that aspect of it again great question for 220 00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:52,839 volt server, but for me in some of the samples that I've seen when 221 00:17:52,880 --> 00:17:56,519 it comes to the lighting setups on there, how they do it, that 222 00:17:56,119 --> 00:18:00,759 it's the power factor's not been that big of a an issue because it's very 223 00:18:00,799 --> 00:18:04,160 much control. Once the AC comes into the transmitter and then it changes over 224 00:18:04,200 --> 00:18:08,279 to DC four and fifty volts. You do have losses, right, You 225 00:18:08,319 --> 00:18:11,839 do have voltage losses for the link depending and it has a maximum length, 226 00:18:12,480 --> 00:18:18,319 you know that type of thing, so you know you're looking at what happens 227 00:18:18,319 --> 00:18:22,960 when it goes up to six five hundred feet for digital electricity, and you 228 00:18:23,079 --> 00:18:27,359 might have a multiple sets that have a maximum of a let's say six hundred 229 00:18:27,400 --> 00:18:33,559 watts per set, and you're running them basically like you're paralleling you're going to 230 00:18:33,640 --> 00:18:37,200 have losses, but I don't really consider that the same as a power factor. 231 00:18:38,240 --> 00:18:41,759 And when I think more power factors, I'm thinking more of issues with 232 00:18:42,880 --> 00:18:45,759 other loads, like motor loads and things like that, where that would come 233 00:18:45,759 --> 00:18:51,279 into a bigger play. This type of application, it's going to be more 234 00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:56,279 suited for DC, and then when it gets to the transmitter location in this 235 00:18:56,400 --> 00:19:00,400 class four system, it's going to be you're not going to see the losses 236 00:19:00,440 --> 00:19:06,440 because it's going to be directly equated to doing LED or DC lighting loads, 237 00:19:06,839 --> 00:19:08,839 so you're not going to have nearly the loss So I don't see where power 238 00:19:08,880 --> 00:19:14,519 factor is that big of a play when it comes to in your case with 239 00:19:14,599 --> 00:19:18,839 the lighting. In fact, there's some examples that you can see right now 240 00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:25,640 over on volt servers Facebook YouTube page, and they don't have a lot of 241 00:19:25,680 --> 00:19:27,480 videos by the way, they don't have a lot of content, and they've 242 00:19:27,519 --> 00:19:33,200 turned off their comments, which is fine. I moderate my comments as well 243 00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:36,440 because of trolls, but I do allow you to comment, and if you're 244 00:19:36,720 --> 00:19:41,359 asking a legit question, we'll post it. They haven't just turned off altogether, 245 00:19:41,440 --> 00:19:45,440 so nobody can really ask them any questions. So again that's problematic because 246 00:19:45,440 --> 00:19:48,000 they could pick and choose how they answer if they want to, you know, 247 00:19:48,119 --> 00:19:52,160 because you know you do have to moderate the trolls, especially US that 248 00:19:52,240 --> 00:19:56,440 did get an awful lot of controversial or make a lot of statements that some 249 00:19:56,440 --> 00:20:00,119 people are going to agree to disagree with, but they don't allow you to 250 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:04,880 give that feedback on THEIRS on their platforms like that. But again, I 251 00:20:06,200 --> 00:20:11,079 don't see where there is any real effect where it comes to power factor when 252 00:20:11,119 --> 00:20:17,440 it comes to this type of setup, a transmitter to receiver d C four 253 00:20:17,519 --> 00:20:19,559 hundred and fifty volts DC, I don't see it being four and fifty a 254 00:20:19,720 --> 00:20:26,599 C. I see this being predominantly AC coming in changing over to the DC, 255 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:32,359 going through the building or going to remote locations where they can pick up 256 00:20:32,359 --> 00:20:37,559 the power to run things like cameras and other things. I see this as 257 00:20:37,599 --> 00:20:41,279 being more of that than it is to do motor loads or other loads. 258 00:20:41,319 --> 00:20:47,599 It will be more susceptible to power factor than the lighting because typically from what 259 00:20:47,640 --> 00:20:52,400 I've seen, most all of this lighting is DC, right, and so 260 00:20:52,319 --> 00:20:56,359 it doesn't mean it can be AC. Doesn't mean we can't have the inverters, 261 00:20:56,359 --> 00:21:00,319 and they are talking about that and they're bringing that up, but maybe 262 00:21:00,319 --> 00:21:03,160 power factor will be more of a problem with that. And that is some 263 00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:07,359 of the questions I'll ask about if they ever come on the show, is 264 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:12,440 what happens. How is this going to affect the building industry? If we 265 00:21:12,640 --> 00:21:17,400 start moving towards these types of systems right now, you can't use them in 266 00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:19,839 a dwelling. They're prohibited in a dwelling. It doesn't it doesn't allow that 267 00:21:21,279 --> 00:21:23,880 in a dwelling in seven twenty six, in the twenty twenty three doesn't. 268 00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:30,039 It doesn't allow it in a dwelling. So what they're doing is that most 269 00:21:30,079 --> 00:21:33,440 of the loads, the lighting loads that they're hitting the LEDs. You're not 270 00:21:33,480 --> 00:21:37,440 going to have this loss, this conversion between going from AC to DC back 271 00:21:37,480 --> 00:21:42,039 to AC to supply these loads. It's going to be DC loads and so 272 00:21:42,440 --> 00:21:45,880 again, very efficient when it comes to that element of it. But I'll 273 00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:49,759 have to ask. I can't tell you exactly how I think power factor would 274 00:21:49,759 --> 00:21:56,240 play in effect. But you say energy intensive loads, they're already doing it 275 00:21:56,279 --> 00:22:00,480 for lighting and it doesn't seem like it causes any problems. There's a hotel 276 00:22:00,519 --> 00:22:04,920 in Vegas, there's some grow facilities, cannabis growth facilities that are using it 277 00:22:04,960 --> 00:22:08,319 for their lighting one hundred percent in their grow rooms, and that's a lot 278 00:22:08,359 --> 00:22:14,160 of intensive lighting, and they don't really mention anything about power factor, any 279 00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:17,759 losses. Again, that type of scenario, and it's very simple. They 280 00:22:17,839 --> 00:22:19,440 were talking about being able to install it in just a couple of hours. 281 00:22:21,279 --> 00:22:25,279 So again, it doesn't look like there's a big concern when it comes to 282 00:22:25,359 --> 00:22:27,559 power factor, at least from what I can tell. Okay, so I 283 00:22:27,680 --> 00:22:30,279 best I can answer that question for you. Hopefully I will be able to 284 00:22:30,319 --> 00:22:34,119 answer the folks or ask the folks at Vault Server if they ever come on 285 00:22:34,160 --> 00:22:37,960 an episode, because I would like to. I would like to dig in 286 00:22:38,039 --> 00:22:41,559 how deep they think this is going to be. Is this something that eventually 287 00:22:42,079 --> 00:22:47,599 we're going to see a lot of use of inverters and then being able to 288 00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:52,480 have these fault managed systems which are checked five hundred times a second for any 289 00:22:52,559 --> 00:22:57,400 faults or things like that, which is very safe. Are we going to 290 00:22:57,480 --> 00:23:03,319 see that taking over wiring in buildings. I mean, we're already seeing it. 291 00:23:03,359 --> 00:23:07,359 Like I said, in Vegas, they're pretty much doing this one casino, 292 00:23:07,920 --> 00:23:10,519 They're doing all of the rooms. You know, it's seven hundred and 293 00:23:10,559 --> 00:23:15,319 seven rooms and other than a few receptacles which they're still using AC, everything 294 00:23:15,359 --> 00:23:21,759 else in there is using volt servers and they're powering the lighting and everything else, 295 00:23:22,480 --> 00:23:27,000 and it's working great for them, and they have a lot of lighting 296 00:23:27,039 --> 00:23:30,799 loads and they're not having a problem. And we don't hear them talking anything 297 00:23:30,839 --> 00:23:34,559 about power factor being an issue with any of that. So we'll just have 298 00:23:34,640 --> 00:23:38,559 to see and I'll be sure to ask them this question when I have that 299 00:23:38,680 --> 00:23:41,519 interview. Okay, all right, let's seef we got another one to look 300 00:23:41,519 --> 00:23:48,160 at today. Okay, So it looks like we got another question here that 301 00:23:48,319 --> 00:23:52,559 was submitted and it says, Okay, it says we are installing service for 302 00:23:52,640 --> 00:23:56,839 a four story mass timber building. So it looks like this is a type 303 00:23:56,039 --> 00:24:04,599 four construction, the heavy timber, very big wood timbers building. It says, 304 00:24:04,640 --> 00:24:10,759 so it's four story mass timber for a banking software company. All floors 305 00:24:10,839 --> 00:24:15,440 are c l T, so that's cross laminated timbers. Uh, okay, 306 00:24:15,559 --> 00:24:21,440 just be glaminated beams. I guess with access with with access raised floors. 307 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:26,680 The question I have is the electrical engineer has specified for mc cable on floor 308 00:24:27,039 --> 00:24:34,920 on fourth floor lighting circuits that are inexposed areas below roof c LT. Uh 309 00:24:36,640 --> 00:24:41,319 they are they are asking for MC cable to be installed on top of the 310 00:24:41,759 --> 00:24:48,319 l CT and between the installation that we will be installed prior to the roof 311 00:24:48,559 --> 00:24:52,640 membrane. Okay, all right, So what I can assume here is this 312 00:24:52,720 --> 00:25:00,680 is a a mass timber Uh these uh type four construction large timber beams. 313 00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:08,880 And you have these these laminated timbers Okay, these cross sectional members laminated timbers 314 00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:14,119 that support the weight, and the engineer has specified MC cable will be installed 315 00:25:14,119 --> 00:25:18,720 on top of them. Right. Okay, so again another MC kind of 316 00:25:18,799 --> 00:25:26,599 question. Now, the first thing to remember about MC MC is it cannot 317 00:25:26,680 --> 00:25:30,400 be installed where is subject to physical damage. Get A lot of people think 318 00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:34,839 because of MC and because it's it does have a high crush rate and impact 319 00:25:34,920 --> 00:25:41,359 rate either one thousand or two thousand depending on the size. That doesn't make 320 00:25:41,559 --> 00:25:48,079 it listed for use in locations that are subject to physical damage. Right now, 321 00:25:48,799 --> 00:25:52,480 MC cable is permitted to be installed exposed or concealed. Okay. Three, 322 00:25:53,720 --> 00:25:56,680 the general uses will tell you that. Item number four will tell you 323 00:25:56,680 --> 00:26:02,839 it can be in exposed or concealed locations. Okay, But one of the 324 00:26:02,880 --> 00:26:07,920 things that we we have to remember is that when doing so, we also 325 00:26:07,960 --> 00:26:14,240 have us is not permitted. And three twelve a one says that it shall 326 00:26:14,279 --> 00:26:18,440 not be located where it's subject to physical damage. Now, it does not 327 00:26:18,839 --> 00:26:26,640 sound to me like this installation on top of these il colts, cross the 328 00:26:26,759 --> 00:26:32,599 laminate timbers or whatever. It doesn't sound like they're going to be anywhere there's 329 00:26:32,640 --> 00:26:37,519 a gap between it, or where there's subject to any physical damage. Right, 330 00:26:37,960 --> 00:26:42,440 that type of thing. Okay, So exposed work. It's exposed on 331 00:26:42,519 --> 00:26:48,359 top of these beams. And three thirty fifteen tells us that exposed runs of 332 00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:52,119 cable, except as permitted three hundred don't eleven b okay, which is you 333 00:26:52,119 --> 00:26:56,079 know, through suspended ceiling type of things, shall closely follow the surface of 334 00:26:56,119 --> 00:26:59,160 the building. Finish, And it sounds like it is. It's running on 335 00:26:59,319 --> 00:27:03,640 these beams. Okay. Exposed run shall be printed to be installed on undersides 336 00:27:03,720 --> 00:27:07,920 of choices. We're supported on each choice and located so as not the subject 337 00:27:07,920 --> 00:27:11,680 physical damage. It sounds like these are running on top of it and they 338 00:27:11,839 --> 00:27:17,759 as long as you secure it every six feet, it sounds perfectly fine. 339 00:27:18,160 --> 00:27:23,359 Okay, So I don't see any you know, any problem as long as 340 00:27:23,400 --> 00:27:29,119 you follow all of those rules. I don't really see anything in here that 341 00:27:29,160 --> 00:27:33,440 would be you know, problematic for that. Okay, Now the next thing 342 00:27:33,440 --> 00:27:36,759 we want to look at is, well, since we are talking physical damage 343 00:27:36,799 --> 00:27:40,680 and it can't be located where it's subde physical damage, then we could go 344 00:27:40,720 --> 00:27:45,680 look at three hundred dot four Okay, Okay, now i's long. It's 345 00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:48,559 so it sounds like these cables will be run parallel to the framing members. 346 00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:52,319 It makes sense. Sounds like what they're running it on top of it. 347 00:27:52,480 --> 00:27:56,720 Then you've you've got three hundred dot four D. And again as long as 348 00:27:56,720 --> 00:27:59,720 they install it, they maintain that inch and a quarter from the nearest edge, 349 00:27:59,759 --> 00:28:03,559 then doesn't sound like they're going to have any problem. Now, the 350 00:28:03,599 --> 00:28:07,240 one that we have to be be worried about, and we don't know the 351 00:28:07,279 --> 00:28:11,799 installation. We don't know because he talks about the roof is three hundred four 352 00:28:11,920 --> 00:28:18,279 E, which talks about cables raceways in boxes, installed in or under metal 353 00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:22,200 corrugated roof decking. Now we don't know the type of roofing it is. 354 00:28:22,680 --> 00:28:27,640 But if it's located on top of those colts and you've got that gap. 355 00:28:29,039 --> 00:28:33,039 That's fine, but it says under three hundred four E just for the benefit 356 00:28:33,119 --> 00:28:37,839 of the listener, says, a cable raceway or box installed in exposed or 357 00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:45,720 concealed locations under metal corrugated sheet roof decking shall be installed and supported so there 358 00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:51,799 is not less than one and a half inches measured from the lowest surface of 359 00:28:51,839 --> 00:28:56,920 the roof decking to the top of the cable raceway or box. A cable 360 00:28:57,079 --> 00:29:03,319 raceway or box shall not be installed called in concealed locations in metal corrugated style 361 00:29:03,480 --> 00:29:07,440 deck roofing, so you can't stick it in the little the little gaps there 362 00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:10,759 trying to fish it through those gaps. You know, the little where you 363 00:29:10,799 --> 00:29:12,039 got to corrugated is up and down, up and down, but you can't 364 00:29:12,039 --> 00:29:17,400 try to fish it in there, right, makes sense, So unless that's 365 00:29:17,400 --> 00:29:22,680 what you're you're running into, then you know, I don't see I just 366 00:29:22,720 --> 00:29:26,519 don't see a problem at all in the way that they're doing this installation. 367 00:29:26,759 --> 00:29:30,720 So I wouldn't have any issue with it. Only you're gonna know if whatever 368 00:29:30,759 --> 00:29:36,279 type roofing that is, and whether or not it is a metal corrugated type 369 00:29:36,319 --> 00:29:41,440 of roofing. But I would think the designer has designed this so that the 370 00:29:41,519 --> 00:29:45,559 roof is above that. So they're just running it on the CTL framing members 371 00:29:45,680 --> 00:29:52,000 or the CLT members. Uh this this kind of the big heavy timber type 372 00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:56,720 of members. Then I don't I don't see it as an issue. I 373 00:29:56,720 --> 00:30:00,200 don't see how anything could damage it, for one, and I don't don't 374 00:30:00,240 --> 00:30:03,200 see where there's an issue at all that type of thing. So follow those 375 00:30:03,200 --> 00:30:08,960 basic rules, then everything should be okay. All right, okay, Solfully 376 00:30:10,039 --> 00:30:11,759 that answers that question. I don't know if we have time for one more. 377 00:30:11,960 --> 00:30:15,759 Let me see if we got what our list of questions in and if 378 00:30:15,759 --> 00:30:18,200 it's going to be long. I don't want to be a long podcast today, 379 00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:21,480 so let's see what we've got here. Let's see here. Okay, 380 00:30:21,519 --> 00:30:22,759 we got one. I'll go on and end on this one. This is 381 00:30:22,880 --> 00:30:26,200 one from a fast track student, he says, Paul, I'm in your 382 00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:30,480 fast Tracks Black program. I'm in unit three, and by the way, 383 00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:34,599 Unit three in our fast Tracks program is boxes and enclosures, where we teach 384 00:30:34,640 --> 00:30:38,559 you box still and closures, pullboxes and all this kind of stuff. He 385 00:30:38,599 --> 00:30:41,319 says. I'm in unit three and I'm having a problem with finding where you 386 00:30:41,359 --> 00:30:48,039 find the information on counting bushings and locker rings for additional width for sizing a 387 00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:52,960 box. I am at three dash five C in the book. The reference 388 00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:59,920 they give is article three fourteen twenty eight A one and not finding anything. 389 00:31:00,119 --> 00:31:03,519 I have been in the index and it did not help. Please help. 390 00:31:03,559 --> 00:31:06,960 Thank you in advance for your time. I love your class so far. 391 00:31:07,319 --> 00:31:10,720 Okay, well, thank you for the plug, and thank you for being 392 00:31:10,759 --> 00:31:14,519 in the fast tracks program. So this is kind of one of those things 393 00:31:14,559 --> 00:31:18,759 where I'm teaching people for exams. Right if I'm doing a pullbox, for 394 00:31:18,799 --> 00:31:25,559 example, and I'm doing angle polls straight pulls. The biggest thing that this 395 00:31:25,680 --> 00:31:30,599 is going to play a role in is things like angle pulls, and you're 396 00:31:30,640 --> 00:31:33,319 really going to in an exam. They're going to give you the trade size 397 00:31:33,599 --> 00:31:38,200 right, trade size three three inch, trade size two two inch, trade 398 00:31:38,240 --> 00:31:41,799 size one in a quarter one in a quarter inch. You're not going to 399 00:31:42,039 --> 00:31:48,480 worry too much about the bushing or the locknut when you're doing those basic calculations. 400 00:31:48,680 --> 00:31:53,079 Okay, Now in the real world, it's going to come into effect 401 00:31:53,160 --> 00:31:59,519 because you want to make sure you're taking into account the extra space that the 402 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:06,119 lock rings can add. In the extra space that the bushings add. But 403 00:32:06,240 --> 00:32:08,440 when it comes to the exam, unless they give you these values, or 404 00:32:08,480 --> 00:32:13,200 they tell you the extra dimensions of the locker rings or the bushings and all 405 00:32:13,200 --> 00:32:17,240 those type of things, then don't worry about that. Okay, it's more 406 00:32:17,359 --> 00:32:23,119 or less you're measuring from raceway entry to raceway entry when you're doing, for 407 00:32:23,160 --> 00:32:28,240 example, if you're doing a U pull or an angle and you're trying to 408 00:32:28,279 --> 00:32:31,880 determine the Z dimension that the same raceway contains the same conductor, and you 409 00:32:31,920 --> 00:32:37,720 may make in these measurements. But when we think about sizing pullboxes, just 410 00:32:37,839 --> 00:32:43,319 focus on what they give you. If it's three trade size three, trade 411 00:32:43,400 --> 00:32:46,559 as four, and then let's say it's an angle pull, and on one 412 00:32:46,599 --> 00:32:52,000 side you have a trade size four and then you have maybe two other trade 413 00:32:52,039 --> 00:32:54,720 size two's. Then remember for the angle pull, it's six times. Think 414 00:32:54,759 --> 00:32:59,480 of angles with an S as six six characters, so it kind of helps 415 00:32:59,519 --> 00:33:02,839 you remember six times, whereas a straight pull is straight as eight that eight 416 00:33:02,920 --> 00:33:09,119 characters. So in an angle pull like that, it's you're doing six times 417 00:33:09,160 --> 00:33:14,400 the largest raceway plus the sum of the other raceways that are in the same 418 00:33:14,559 --> 00:33:17,720 row. So when you're sizing it that way, especially for an exam. 419 00:33:17,839 --> 00:33:22,839 You're doing six times the trade size four, right, So if that's what 420 00:33:22,960 --> 00:33:24,640 was a trade size four and the others were in two other ones or trade 421 00:33:24,680 --> 00:33:30,400 sized two, then be six times four, which is twenty four plus two 422 00:33:30,640 --> 00:33:37,240 plus two. That's twenty eight okay, So you're not really taking into different 423 00:33:37,279 --> 00:33:40,200 considerations the the locknuts and the bushings on that. Now, in the real 424 00:33:40,240 --> 00:33:45,400 world, again you might have to take consideration because it's how you might move 425 00:33:45,200 --> 00:33:51,319 your your box around in order to be able to fit all your raceways in 426 00:33:51,359 --> 00:33:52,920 and stuff like that. But in a real world for that's that. But 427 00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:58,160 in an exam, it's basically, don't worry about the lock rings, don't 428 00:33:58,160 --> 00:34:01,359 worry about the bock of the bush, just focus on the trade size. 429 00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:06,599 So again, if this was the case and it was a what size box 430 00:34:06,640 --> 00:34:09,800 do I need? If it's a a four inch or trade size four coming 431 00:34:09,840 --> 00:34:15,280 into the left and it has two below it that are trade size two, 432 00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:19,000 and then coming in from the bottom, we have the same scenario. Got 433 00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:22,159 a four inch or trade size four and then two trade size twos. So 434 00:34:22,320 --> 00:34:25,679 the X and the Y dimensions, Okay, if that's all they're asking you. 435 00:34:27,960 --> 00:34:30,960 Then from the left to the right, that's an angle poll. So 436 00:34:31,119 --> 00:34:35,079 from the left it would be like we said, it would be four times 437 00:34:35,079 --> 00:34:39,719 six right and plus two plus two. So the dimension from the left to 438 00:34:39,760 --> 00:34:45,480 the right, okay, the opposite wall as it states in three fourteen twenty 439 00:34:45,480 --> 00:34:50,880 eight to the opposite wall, that's going to be twenty eight inches minimum. 440 00:34:51,320 --> 00:34:53,960 And then from the bottom to the top, which is again another angle pool. 441 00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:58,119 There is no straight pole, and it's the same numbers, same raceways, 442 00:34:58,119 --> 00:35:00,159 and it would be twenty eight. So that box has men. The 443 00:35:00,280 --> 00:35:05,239 dimension would be twenty eight by twenty eight. Now, the only other measurement 444 00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:09,079 that you gotta worry about is if the conductors come from let's say the raceways 445 00:35:09,119 --> 00:35:13,559 on the bottom and then turn and it goes into the raceways on the side, 446 00:35:14,199 --> 00:35:16,199 then you have a rule. If that's unbroken, it's not spliced, 447 00:35:16,599 --> 00:35:21,239 and it's common with the two raceways, then you'll have what's called a Z 448 00:35:21,480 --> 00:35:24,280 measurement I like to call it. And then it has to be six times 449 00:35:24,679 --> 00:35:31,840 that raceway distance between those raceways. So if those were trade sized too, 450 00:35:32,360 --> 00:35:37,239 then it'd be two times six. So those raceways from the edge of the 451 00:35:37,280 --> 00:35:40,480 raceway to the edge of the other raceway that contains the same conductor. Then 452 00:35:40,519 --> 00:35:45,119 they have to be at least twelve inches apart. So it's important where you 453 00:35:45,159 --> 00:35:47,880 put these raceways on the box. So once you determine this box is a 454 00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:53,000 twenty eight by twenty eight, then you still have to be concerned about where 455 00:35:53,079 --> 00:35:59,440 you cut your holes because if these conductors aren't spliced, they're simply pulling through 456 00:36:00,119 --> 00:36:04,360 and so they're common with one raceways. The conductor's common to the other raceway, 457 00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:07,239 so it's kind of going in and turning and going out. Then you 458 00:36:07,360 --> 00:36:09,960 also have that Z dimension you have to be aware of. Now, most 459 00:36:09,960 --> 00:36:13,239 of the time on the exams, they're just going to ask you X and 460 00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:15,320 why even if you get a box sol because you know that's not real common 461 00:36:15,320 --> 00:36:20,000 to get pullbox questions on an exam. They believe it or not. It 462 00:36:20,039 --> 00:36:22,360 isn't. We have to teach it in case it comes up, but it's 463 00:36:22,400 --> 00:36:28,079 not often you get one. But those are so many things that you have 464 00:36:28,119 --> 00:36:30,320 to think about. But you only want to answer what they ask you. 465 00:36:30,960 --> 00:36:37,760 Do not speculate, do not let your mind wander, just answer what they 466 00:36:37,800 --> 00:36:43,480 want. If they're not asking you what's the distance between raceways. Then they're 467 00:36:43,519 --> 00:36:47,199 basically asking you what is the why and X dimension based on what's given, 468 00:36:47,519 --> 00:36:52,239 And just simply answer what's given. That's it. I don't try to speculate, 469 00:36:52,400 --> 00:36:55,960 don't try to worry about locknuts, don't try to worry about bushings. 470 00:36:57,119 --> 00:37:00,760 Just answer the question. That's the best advice I can give you, because 471 00:37:00,800 --> 00:37:05,000 what I don't want is the mind to wander. Now, when I tell 472 00:37:05,039 --> 00:37:08,039 people this, I make it very clear that you know, remember, preparing 473 00:37:08,079 --> 00:37:13,599 for a license license exam is an entry level, right, whether you're a 474 00:37:13,639 --> 00:37:17,960 master or journeyman, this is entry level. The real knowledge and the mastery 475 00:37:19,119 --> 00:37:22,519 of being an electrician comes after you get your license, and now you do 476 00:37:22,599 --> 00:37:27,960 have to worry about little things like lock nuts and making sure you have enough 477 00:37:28,079 --> 00:37:30,840 room to move your raceway as far to the right as you can to get 478 00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:35,800 the clearance. If you've got angle pulls and you've got you know, between 479 00:37:35,880 --> 00:37:39,280 raceways, that's field stuff. But on an exam, no, just just 480 00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:43,559 focus on your trade sizes, focus on your distance, follow the rules eight 481 00:37:43,559 --> 00:37:46,760 times, six times, things like that. Then you'll be perfectly fine. 482 00:37:47,039 --> 00:37:52,440 Okay, all right, hopefully that's explain that to you and you got something 483 00:37:52,480 --> 00:37:53,719 out of it. Folks, if you have something that you want to submit 484 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:57,519 to me, please feel free to do that. All you got to do 485 00:37:57,599 --> 00:38:00,039 is go to Paul Abernathy dot com. I'm always here in your questions and 486 00:38:00,119 --> 00:38:04,440 I'll do my best to do them in a podcast or even email you if 487 00:38:04,440 --> 00:38:30,039 if I can. Until next time, folks, stay safe, God bless a