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Hello and Welcome to Western Sieve Episode
two hundred and fifty Rooms Full of Gold.

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Last time, Atahualpa made the colossal
strategic error of underestimating Pissaro and his

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Native Spaniards. With only one hundred
and sixty eight men, Pizzaro managed to

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take the Incan emperor captive. The
Inca Empire was an absolute monarchy is absolute

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as it comes, quite frankly.
With Attahualpa gone, there was simply no

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way for the empire to continue to
function, and Atahualpa himself was now in

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a possible situation. He could not
realistically hope to be rescued. His Spanish

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captors would surely murder him long before
any rescue party actually reached him. As

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Atahualpa saw it, he only had
one choice. He had to continue to

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try and meet his captor's demands,
which was not going to be easy.

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To do this, he would have
to save their lust for silver and gold.

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What Atahualpa does not yet realize is
that the Europeans of the sixteenth century

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had a never ending lust for gold. He would find out too late that

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giving them enough gold to get Pizzaro
and his compatriots to go away was simply

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something he could never hope to do. On that faithful day, as the

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trumpets sounded calling the Spaniards to return
to the square and the last Inca warriors

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were breathing their last breath, Pizzaro
was already busy attending to his prisoner Atahualpa,

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who, after his capture, had
been taken to the Temple of the

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Sun at the edge of town and
placed under a guard. Because the emperor's

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clothes had been ripped during his capture, Pisaro ordered that new ones be brought

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and waited while the emperor changed into
them. He then ordered that a meal

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be prepared and had Atahualpa sit down
beside him as they were served. It's

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interesting to think about, but until
they sat down next to each other,

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Atahuelpa had never before met Pisaro.
He had only first laid eyes on him

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from the height of his litter,
as the veteran cunquistador fought and slashed his

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way toward the emperor and then reached
out and simply grabbed him. That faithful

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grass, I suppose was emblematic of
their future relationship, because it was through

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that grasp, that clenched grip,
that this illiterate poor man from Spain,

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from the lower classes at least,
had pulled the very top of the Inca

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nobility abruptly from his throne. But
it's important to note that Pisarto hoped to

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control the Inca state through Atahualpa.
If he could get the emperor to cooperate,

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then Pisarto believed he could paralyze the
movement of the Inca armies, prevent

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counter attacks, and ultimately take control. But to be able to do so,

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he first needed to establish a relationship
with his imperial hostage. The Inca

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emperor needed to clearly understand that Pisarto
wanted absolute control and that he had absolute

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control. Until he got that,
Pisarto would never be satisfied. Sure,

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he wanted gold, but he also
wanted a kingdom to rule. Pisardo and

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the other Europeans had come to the
New World hoping to create a new feudal

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Europe, only now with themselves at
the top of the pyramid and the indigenous

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laborers at the bottom. Their goal, to put it quite bluntly, was

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to live off the Inca state like
parasites in Peru, as in elsewhere in

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the New world. The Spaniards were
not looking for land that they could farm.

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This is a very different system from
the one that we're going to see

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take hold in North America. They
wanted land someone else could work immediately.

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They did not ever want to work. Again, Stripped down to its barest

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bones, the conquest of Peru was
Pisarto and his one hundred and sixty eight

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men's retirement plan. Pissaro was sought
to introduce Attaquel, but to what he

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and his companions had in mind,
saying, quote, don't take it as

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an insult that you have been defeated
and taken prisoner with Christians that I have

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brought with me, though so few
in number, I have conquered greater lands

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than yours, That's not true.
And I also have defeated more powerful lords

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than you, also not true,
placing them under the dominion of the Emperor,

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whose vassal I am, that is
true, and who is the king

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of Spain and the universal world,
and under whose command we have come to

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conquer this land. That last parts
debatable. End quote. Now, Zaro's

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message was clear. The disaster that
had befallen Atahuelpa was as inevitable as were

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the movements of the stars and the
sun, any future resistance would be futile.

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He continued, quote, you should
consider it to be your good fortune

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that you've not been defeated by a
cruel people such as yourselves. We treat

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our prisoners and conquered enemies with mercy, and only make war on those who

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make war on us. I don't
recall the Inca Empire declaring war on but

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we'll let that one go, and
being able to destroy them, we refrained

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from doing so, but rather pardon
them. End quote, and as Atahuapa

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continued to listen in silence. Of
course, all this is being interpreted,

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Bizarrow began the driving main point quote. When I had a chief, the

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lord of an island, my prisoner, I said him free, so that

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from then on he might be loyal. And I did the same with the

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chiefs who were the lords of Tumbez, of Kulimasa, and others who,

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being in my power and deserving death, I pardoned. Pissaro then paused for

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a moment, letting the interpreter catch
up. If you were seized and your

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people attacked and killed, it was
because you came with so great an army

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against us. Despite having me begged
you to come peacefully, and because you

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threw the book on the ground in
which were written the words of God.

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For this reason, our Lord allowed
that your arrogance should be destroyed, and

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that no Indian should be able to
offend a Christian quote. Now, no

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one has ever claimed that Atahuallapa was
a stupid man. He had, after

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all, just been the winner of
a critical civil war, and he understood

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exactly what Pissaro was getting at.
Eyewitnesses record the following quote. Otta Wallapa

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responded that he had been deceived by
his captains, that they had told him

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not to take the Spaniards seriously,
that he personally had desired to come in

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peace, but that they had prevented
him, and all that those who advised

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him were now dead. The inc
emperor, who only a few hours before

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had been the absolute ruler of the
greatest empire the Americas had ever known,

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now asked Pissarro for permission to confer
with some of his men. Another eyewitness

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records quote. The governor immediately ordered
them to bring two important Indians who had

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been taken in the battle. The
Emperor Atahualpa asked them how many men were

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dead they told them that the entire
countryside was covered with them. He then

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sent word to the native troops who
had remained not to flee, but to

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come serve him, since he was
not dead, but was being held by

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the Christians. End quote. After
these two men departed bearing the message,

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Bizarro quietly made the sign of the
cross. Military leader, strategist, diplomat,

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terrorist, kind of an hostage taker. Bizarro was also a devout Christian.

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The fifty four year old conquistador completely
believed in divine providence. He believed

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that God had intervened today on the
side of the slashing, blood splattered Christians

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on the square. The proof was
in the pudding. Atahualpa had been captured,

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and so many had been killed by
so few. The Inca Emperor and

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his subjects were after all nonbelievers,
and unless they converted, they were destined

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for hell. Though blood had been
spilled, true Pissarrow remained convinced that in

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the end it would be he and
his conquistadors and their bloody swords who would

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enter the Kingdom of Heaven after bringing
the great mass of nonbelievers into the sacred

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fold of Christianity. Now the Spaniards
could finally sleep, the first sleep that

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some of them had in more than
forty eight hours. Pissarrow pointed a few

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to patrol the town that night,
and soon the town's inhabitants, who had

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hidden in their houses all day,
heard the metallic footsteps of the strange giant

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animals the bearded invaders wore, the
horse hooves clacking on the deserted streets.

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Inside the Temple of the Sun,
Pissarro ordered that a bed prepared for Attaquapa

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in the same room where he would
sleep. Amazingly, for the moment,

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two leaders from very different worlds lay
down in beds next to each other Inca

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style. Each had no doubt about
different thoughts as they drifted off to sleep.

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Here within a stone chamber that Inca
masons had assembled long before any Inca

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had ever heard of a Spaniard,
two men drifted off to sleep, upon

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whom the fate of the entire empire
now rested. The conquistador and the native

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king. The next morning, Pisaro
sent to Soto with thirty men to investigate

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Atahuallapa's old camp, the same camp
wherein to Soto met the emperor two days

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prior. The first thing Soto noticed
was that seemingly nothing had changed. The

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tents were still spread out across the
hillside. Didn't seem that the peans that

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even made a dent in the numbers, arrayed against them. The mood was

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tense, but none of the warriors
de Soto saw and made any move against

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them. For the moment. They
were all obeying their commanders, who were

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in turn following the orders of their
captive emperor. The system was in fact

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paralyzed, just as Pisato had hoped. De Soto looked around, shrugged,

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and proceeded to plunder the royal tent. No one stopped him. Before the

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sun had risen fully in the sky, De Soto and his men returned to

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the camp with a large quantity of
native men, women, sheep, which

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are yamas, gold, silver,
and cloth. Among these spoils were eighty

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thousand pacos of gold, seven thousand
marks of silver, and fourteen emeralds.

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The gold and silver were in monstrous
pieces, large and small dishes, pictures,

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jugs, basins, and large drinking
vessels in various other pieces. Atahualpa

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said that all this came from his
table service, and that his Indians who

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had fled had taken a great quantity
more. En Pisaro met with his captain

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and realized, for the time being, at least they were safe. So

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he assembled all the remaining natives who
had been captured on the square, picked

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the ones he wanted his servants,
and told the balance to go home.

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Then he ordered at Hualpa to disband
his army. Up to this point,

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the behavior of Pizarro and his entourage
had followed the standard conquistador procedure conquistadoring one

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O one conquistadoring for dummies. First, evidence of a native empire had to

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be discovered, one civilized enough to
include a mass of native peasants who were

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paying taxes. It really wasn't of
any use Europeans had discovered to find quote

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un wild Indians who didn't farm,
or it didn't have any experience with civilization.

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The Spaniards, after all, had
come to create a feudal society over

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which to rule. In the feudal
society, by definition, requires a tax

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paying peasantry. Second, a few
legalities had to be taken care of,

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which really just required obtaining a royal
license from Spain. Third came the legal

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pretext for conquest, which in the
case of Atahualpa and the Inca consisted of

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reading them the orqueremiento and thus legal
rights conveying to him in probably a terrible

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translation, the quemiento informed Atahualpa that
he had the right to accept the new

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power structure, and that if he
or anyone else resisted, they would be

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put to death according to the logic
of sixteenth century Spanish jurisprudence. By refusing

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to submit to the Spaniards, and
then by throwing to the ground a little

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black object with fine squiggly marks on
it that he had no way of understanding,

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Matahualpa had immediately forfeited his rights to
the Inca Empire. The fourth step

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was, of course, the conquest
itself was almost always a sort of shock

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and awe campaign. Savage attacks were
purposely unleashed in order to crush native resistance.

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Had to simply terrorize the local inhabitants
into obeying their new masters. One

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of the final Spanish go to plans
for New World conquest was to capture the

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indigenous leader. In most cases,
they could then leverage the bonds of loyalty

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the subjects had for said leader.
Thus, in terms of standard operating procedures.

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The conquest of Peru was proceeding exceedingly
well. The final steps in the

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process included consolidating power, completing the
plundering process, and finally diverting the vast

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stream of tax where away from the
Inca and into the arms of Peru's new

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European leaders. Remember, Cortes got
this far as well without a hitch,

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But this is where he ran into
problems. His Arto was going to hit

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similar problems at almost the same time. But for the moment, things continued

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going according to plan. Not long
after Pizarro had ordered Attahualla but to disband

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his army, the vast Inca camp
began to disperse. Remember, there was

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no such thing as a standing Incan
army. Of these soldiers were peasant conscripts,

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so most of them probably just watched
all this, shrugged, and turned

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to go home. Evidently their services
were no longer required. I guess we

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would not be marching through Cusco after
all. Oh well, but when they

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got home, the story they told
their friends and family must have been beyond

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shocking. Atahuallpa taken prisoner foreigners now
ruling the land? Who were they?

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How long were they planning on staying. What did they want? Of course,

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the common peasant soldier could not answer
any of these questions. Neither,

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it turned out, could Anahuappa.
As Atahuallpa watched Bizarro's men marveling and shouting

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about the golden plates and goblets,
he probably came to the inexcapable conclusion that

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anyone in his position would have come
to these bearded foreigners were here to maraud

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and steal. They were barbarians.
In other words, there were a few

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of them, and they were clearly
not a conquering army. Their interest was

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probably just in plundering all that they
could. Once the foreigners had gathered all

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they could carry outa Hualpa, no
doubt reasoned, then they surely would just

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take their booty and leave. In
fact, these foreigners, these barbarians,

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didn't even seem to hide what they
were trying to do. They were excited

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about the mere idea of gold.
Atahualpa probably frowned a little at their lack

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of sophistication, and then assumed he
knew what he had to do. In

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fact, the spaniards behavior probably reminded
Ataqualpa of the behavior of the barbarians the

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Incas had conquered in the eastern quarter
of the empire. Those who inhabited the

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dark, dense, claustrophobic jungle and
seemed to have a fascination for almost any

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sort of manufactured good the Incas could
show them. So the biggest question in

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Atahualpa's mind was almost certainly how could
he hasten these savage's departure and how could

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he, in the meantime, stay
alive and regain his own freedom. Having

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spent the last five years ruling as
the de facto empire of the northern half

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of the Inca Empire, making decisions
on a daily basis and deciding which problems

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had to be addressed and how they
might be overcome, Atahualpa, not surprisingly

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quickly and decisively came up with a
solution to the predicament. Motioning to one

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of the interpreters into Pizarro, the
emperor walked into one of the rooms of

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the Temple of the Sun. He
took a piece of chalk from the ground,

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and he drew a white line on
the wall, reaching up well over

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his head to do so. Turning
to Pissaro, Atahualpa told the old conquistador

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a quarter of a century older than
himself, that he knew why the Spaniards

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had come, and that he Atahualpa
would present them with all the gold and

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00:18:59.319 --> 00:19:04.960
silver obs they wished if Pissaro would
spare his life. According to one eyewitness

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00:19:06.680 --> 00:19:11.200
quote, the governor that's Pizarro asked
him how much he would give him in

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what span of time. Antahwappa said
he would give him a room full of

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00:19:15.680 --> 00:19:22.319
gold that measured twenty two feet long
by seventeen feet y, filled to a

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white line, the one that he
had just drewn halfway up its height,

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which from what he said, be
over eight feet high. He also said

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00:19:32.279 --> 00:19:34.720
that he would fill the room to
this height with various pieces of gold,

208
00:19:36.279 --> 00:19:40.640
jars, pots, plates, and
other objects that would fill the entire hut

209
00:19:40.759 --> 00:19:44.559
twice with silver, and that he
would do all this within twelve months end

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quote. Most of the gold and
silver objects were in Cusco, Antihuappa explained,

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00:19:51.559 --> 00:19:55.480
and it would take him about a
year to collect them. Pissaro was

212
00:19:55.680 --> 00:20:00.480
amazed by Antahwappa's sudden offer. In
all of his third years in the West

213
00:20:00.480 --> 00:20:04.279
Indies, he'd never heard of a
native chief who had made such a proposition.

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00:20:06.599 --> 00:20:11.759
Clearly a room full of gold would
make this latest expedition an instant and

215
00:20:11.960 --> 00:20:18.279
dramatic financial success. And if such
a quantity of gold were so easy to

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00:20:18.359 --> 00:20:26.759
produce, then clearly Pizzaro had found
a veritable gold mine. But was Atahualpa

217
00:20:26.839 --> 00:20:33.759
telling the truth or was he simply
stalling for time? You know, he

218
00:20:33.880 --> 00:20:40.319
had disbanded his army, but he
still commanded technically army's numbering perhaps one hundred

219
00:20:40.319 --> 00:20:45.880
thousand men spread out across the empire. Perhaps if Attahualpa played for time,

220
00:20:45.920 --> 00:20:51.240
perhaps if he could just stay alive, and he might be able to get

221
00:20:51.319 --> 00:20:56.720
himself into a better position when he
could use that military force. And it's

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00:20:56.720 --> 00:21:02.480
worth noting Pizzaro really didn't understand the
vast dimensions of the empire. He had

223
00:21:02.480 --> 00:21:07.920
invaded, one that enclosed probably about
three times the land mass of modern Spain

224
00:21:08.640 --> 00:21:17.680
and was twice its population. If
wata Huelpa's offer, however, provided strong

225
00:21:17.759 --> 00:21:22.119
evidence that the empire must be vast, the emperor's next answer confirmed it.

226
00:21:23.160 --> 00:21:29.160
Pissaro asked him, well, how
long will it take your messengers to get

227
00:21:29.160 --> 00:21:34.240
to the city of Cusco, Pissaro
asked, and then he watched Adahuolpa's expression

228
00:21:34.279 --> 00:21:42.480
intently as the translator converted Spanish into
the Inco language. Quote. Atahualpa replied

229
00:21:42.880 --> 00:21:47.440
that when he needed a message delivered
in a hurry, that the messengers run

230
00:21:47.440 --> 00:21:52.079
in relays from village to village,
that the message arrives in Cusco in five

231
00:21:52.240 --> 00:21:56.599
days. But if the men who
start with a message go the whole way,

232
00:21:56.720 --> 00:22:02.720
they'll they be swift men. They
will take fifteen days end quote.

233
00:22:03.400 --> 00:22:10.160
Upon further questioning, Atahualpa explained that
Cusco lay at the midpoint of his empire,

234
00:22:11.480 --> 00:22:18.640
couriers running in relays from sun up
to sundown would still take twenty to

235
00:22:18.839 --> 00:22:23.519
forty days to cover the length of
his kingdom. For the first time,

236
00:22:25.279 --> 00:22:30.359
Pizzaro might have begun to wrap his
mind around just what a massive empire this

237
00:22:30.599 --> 00:22:37.319
was. To put it into perspective, Spain from east to west is about

238
00:22:37.359 --> 00:22:42.759
six hundred and seventy miles from north
to south, the Inca empire was over

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00:22:42.799 --> 00:22:49.200
two thousand, five hundred miles long, about four times the length of Spain,

240
00:22:52.039 --> 00:22:56.000
Shelving the sheer size of the empire. For a moment, Pizzaro ordered

241
00:22:56.039 --> 00:23:02.039
some of the notaries with the expedition
to draw up the terms of Atahualpa's offer.

242
00:23:03.200 --> 00:23:07.559
Of course, there is a certain
irony in this, given that neither

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00:23:07.680 --> 00:23:15.920
man Pissaro or Atahualpa could read Spanish. For the illiterate Pisaro, it might

244
00:23:15.960 --> 00:23:22.480
as well have been written in Chinese
characters. But early modern Spain was becoming

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00:23:22.519 --> 00:23:26.920
increasingly de litigious, so it seemed
like the smart move. None of that

246
00:23:27.000 --> 00:23:33.039
Pisaro ever intended to carry through with
his end of the bargain. Atahualpa was

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00:23:33.279 --> 00:23:37.759
never going to be a free man
again. Look, if the emperor could

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00:23:37.799 --> 00:23:42.160
provide these rooms full of gold and
silver, well, great, we'll get

249
00:23:42.200 --> 00:23:47.480
that in writing. He might be
worth keeping alive a bit longer then.

250
00:23:48.960 --> 00:23:52.759
But Pissaro would waste no time murdering
the Incan emperor as soon as he was

251
00:23:52.839 --> 00:24:00.359
no longer of use. For his
part, the great tragedy of Atahualpa's story

252
00:24:00.920 --> 00:24:04.720
is that he never grasped until it
was too late the Spaniard's real intentions.

253
00:24:07.039 --> 00:24:12.240
They didn't want his golden goblets or
statues because they were shiny. They did

254
00:24:12.240 --> 00:24:18.680
not want them because of some level
of prestige the mere possession of them might

255
00:24:18.759 --> 00:24:23.839
bring in a tribal society. No, they wanted them because in one of

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00:24:23.839 --> 00:24:30.119
those too good to be true coincidences, it turned out that the precious metals

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00:24:30.440 --> 00:24:34.640
coveted by one society in this case
the Inca, were also by another,

258
00:24:34.799 --> 00:24:41.039
in this case the Europeans. Back
in Europe, a pound of gold could

259
00:24:41.079 --> 00:24:48.240
be exchanged for one hundred and twenty
ducats, no questions asked. Moreover,

260
00:24:48.920 --> 00:24:56.720
Atahulpa badly misinterpreted, a Spanish desire
for gold is something temporary, something that

261
00:24:56.799 --> 00:25:02.119
could be sated. To get an
eye idea of what one hundred and twenty

262
00:25:02.160 --> 00:25:07.839
ducats was worth. The average salary
of a Spanish sailor in the fifteen thirties,

263
00:25:07.880 --> 00:25:12.720
who I should not risk his life
at sea was fifty or sixty ducats

264
00:25:12.759 --> 00:25:18.880
per year, about half a pound
of gold. With four pounds of gold

265
00:25:19.799 --> 00:25:26.319
one could buy an entire caravel ship
in Spain. Ten pounds of gold could

266
00:25:26.319 --> 00:25:33.000
be converted into twelve hundred ducats,
the equivalent of twenty backbreaking years of labor

267
00:25:33.039 --> 00:25:40.559
at see if you live that long. It was no wonder then the Spaniard's

268
00:25:40.599 --> 00:25:45.079
eyes widened so much when De Soto
and his men returned with their loot of

269
00:25:45.119 --> 00:25:51.920
gold and silver, goblets, plates
and statues, After all, if this

270
00:25:52.000 --> 00:25:57.240
is what Attahualpa possessed in his camp, can you imagine what else must pay

271
00:25:57.400 --> 00:26:02.519
out there now. On the other
hand, if we're talking in terms of

272
00:26:02.599 --> 00:26:07.119
value, the Inca Empire never adopted
a monetary system. Gold was the color

273
00:26:07.200 --> 00:26:12.000
of the sun. That is why
the Inca valued it. It was never

274
00:26:12.039 --> 00:26:18.599
an item of exchange. Silver was
the color of the moon and likewise venerated.

275
00:26:19.720 --> 00:26:26.119
These metals were religious in nature.
Using them to buy something would have

276
00:26:26.119 --> 00:26:33.920
been utterly absurd for the Inca.
Making another blunder, Attahuallpa issued an order

277
00:26:34.799 --> 00:26:42.000
send all available gold and silver objects
to him and Kajamarca Joski Runners, the

278
00:26:42.039 --> 00:26:48.240
messengers of the Inca court, dutifully
took the royal decree as fast as they

279
00:26:48.279 --> 00:26:55.640
could through the empire. Simultaneously,
Pizarro sent his own order back to the

280
00:26:55.720 --> 00:26:59.799
eighty or some men that he had
left at San Miguel, the town he

281
00:27:00.160 --> 00:27:03.920
intended to establish on the coast.
He told them to send word of their

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00:27:04.000 --> 00:27:11.200
victory to Panama to request reinforcements.
A sap Zara was quickly realizing that he

283
00:27:11.279 --> 00:27:18.599
needed a significantly larger force to conquer
such a large and populous empire. He

284
00:27:18.680 --> 00:27:23.480
also realized the force he had was
woefully inadequate for the job. He needed

285
00:27:23.480 --> 00:27:30.720
more men, and he needed them
now. Weeks passed, but eventually a

286
00:27:30.759 --> 00:27:37.640
slow trickle of gold and silver objects
began showing up in Kajamarca. One Spanish

287
00:27:37.720 --> 00:27:45.519
notary wrote quote, and thus on
some days twenty thousand and others thirty thousand,

288
00:27:45.960 --> 00:27:52.960
fifty or sixty thousand pace soste auro
gold would arrive in the form of

289
00:27:52.039 --> 00:28:00.680
large pictures and jars of from two
or three robas fifty to seventy five in

290
00:28:00.799 --> 00:28:07.680
size, and large silver pitchers and
jars, and many other vessels. The

291
00:28:07.759 --> 00:28:11.039
governor ordered all of it to be
placed in a building where Atahualpa had his

292
00:28:11.119 --> 00:28:18.519
guards to keep it more safely.
The Governor Pesaro placed Christians to guard it

293
00:28:18.640 --> 00:28:22.519
day and night, and as it
was being placed in the building, all

294
00:28:22.559 --> 00:28:29.000
of it was counted so that there
would be no fraud end quote. The

295
00:28:29.079 --> 00:28:34.400
Spaniards carefully weighed each object. Remember, King Charles is entitled to his royal

296
00:28:34.519 --> 00:28:41.960
fifth, so getting the weight right
was a matter of huge importance. Each

297
00:28:41.039 --> 00:28:48.559
object was weighed and had that weight
converted into pasos, one of Spain's standard

298
00:28:48.640 --> 00:28:53.240
units of measurement. One paso weighed
one fifth of an ounce of gold,

299
00:28:55.359 --> 00:29:00.839
So if we returned the notary's letter
for a moment, thirty to sixty thousand

300
00:29:00.839 --> 00:29:07.759
pasos of gold per day meant that
three hundred to six hundred thousand pounds of

301
00:29:07.839 --> 00:29:14.680
gold were pouring into Kaja Marka every
single day. Pissaro did not have to

302
00:29:14.720 --> 00:29:21.200
be literates to know that he and
his comrades were about to be very rich

303
00:29:21.279 --> 00:29:26.319
men. Indeed, now Ta Hualpa
gave the green light to all of this

304
00:29:26.720 --> 00:29:32.400
in the forlorn hope that Pissaro might
one day let him go. He hoped

305
00:29:32.440 --> 00:29:38.519
his kindness and generosity would be repaid. The emperor, however, was not

306
00:29:38.880 --> 00:29:45.200
nearly magnanimous with his own brother,
Uscar, he was still around at this

307
00:29:45.400 --> 00:29:51.839
point. No Ta Hualpa considered his
captured brother to be his only competitor for

308
00:29:51.839 --> 00:29:56.519
the throne. Thus, even though
Uscar was now his prisoner, as long

309
00:29:56.559 --> 00:30:02.599
as he was alive, Uscar remained
a threat. The Spaniards Atahualpa no doubt

310
00:30:02.640 --> 00:30:07.160
believed we're going to leave, and
hopefully would do so very soon. When

311
00:30:07.200 --> 00:30:12.119
they did, Atahualpa wanted to make
sure that his position as emperor remained unchallenged.

312
00:30:14.440 --> 00:30:18.680
Shortly after Atahualpa was captured by the
Spaniards, messengers had informed him that

313
00:30:18.720 --> 00:30:22.839
his brother was only a few days
march away, having been brought there as

314
00:30:22.839 --> 00:30:29.640
a prisoner under an armed escort.
By this time, almost all of Uscar's

315
00:30:29.640 --> 00:30:34.440
family line had been thoroughly exterminated.
Having been witnessed to the brutal murders of

316
00:30:34.480 --> 00:30:40.279
his wife, children, and all
his relatives, Uscar must have realized that

317
00:30:40.319 --> 00:30:45.759
he was now being led to what
could only be a grizzly execution. According

318
00:30:45.799 --> 00:30:51.000
to one account, quote, Uscar, after being taken prisoner, was abominably

319
00:30:51.079 --> 00:30:56.000
treated. Rotten maize, bitter herbs, and yama dung were given to him

320
00:30:56.000 --> 00:31:00.200
to eat. His cap was filled
with Yama's piss, and his natural desire

321
00:31:00.319 --> 00:31:04.400
was mocked by putting him to bed
with a long stone dressed up as a

322
00:31:04.440 --> 00:31:11.240
woman end quote. Through his interpreters, Pizzarro also learned of the impending arrival

323
00:31:11.279 --> 00:31:17.359
of the rival Inca emperor and looked
forward to having him too in captivity.

324
00:31:18.160 --> 00:31:22.519
The only other real claimant to the
Inca throne. Usgar in captivity would mean

325
00:31:22.559 --> 00:31:27.799
that he has two Inca emperors under
his control, thus increasing his power over

326
00:31:27.839 --> 00:31:33.839
the central and southern portions of the
empire. Aunt Huappa had begun his struggle

327
00:31:33.839 --> 00:31:38.039
while initially controlling only about ten percent
of the Inca Empire in what is now

328
00:31:38.079 --> 00:31:45.039
northern Ecuador, while Hugh Scar had
begun controlling the other ninety percent. During

329
00:31:45.079 --> 00:31:48.799
those five years of the civil war, the percentages had changed until by the

330
00:31:48.920 --> 00:31:59.240
end Usgar's control was zero. Unbeknownst
to Pizarro, Aunta Huappa had sent secret

331
00:31:59.279 --> 00:32:05.519
messengers to intercept his brother's escort about
two hundred miles south of Kaja Marca.

332
00:32:05.960 --> 00:32:12.680
Inca soldiers murdered Huascar and tossed his
body into a river. Rather than release

333
00:32:12.799 --> 00:32:17.279
his brother and ask him to help
organize a national resistance against the bearded invaders,

334
00:32:19.240 --> 00:32:28.640
Atahualpa instead allowed traditional dynastic politics to
take precedence. Ironically, a captive

335
00:32:28.680 --> 00:32:31.880
Inca emperor had decided it was more
important to protect his throne from his brother

336
00:32:32.359 --> 00:32:37.039
than it was to protect that same
throne from this group of foreign invaders.

337
00:32:38.119 --> 00:32:44.759
Confident that the Spaniards would soon leave, Atahualpa apparently believed that now that his

338
00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.799
brother was dead, his own control
of the empire was finally complete. Misguided

339
00:32:50.119 --> 00:32:59.480
though that belief was bizarro I guess
surprisingly accepted Atahualpa's explanation for Huascar's sudden death

340
00:33:00.240 --> 00:33:05.079
that his brother's guards had murdered him
without his orders. With only one inca

341
00:33:05.119 --> 00:33:08.599
emperor left, and with that one
as securely in his possession as was ever

342
00:33:08.720 --> 00:33:13.480
increasing amount of gold. The important
thing was that Pizzato was still able to

343
00:33:13.519 --> 00:33:19.039
control the empire through Odahuapa, and
for now that was still working. The

344
00:33:19.119 --> 00:33:23.559
different lords were responding to the orders
perfectly in kind, and so I ain

345
00:33:23.680 --> 00:33:29.240
no doubt. Pizzato shrugged and thought, well, oh well, one less

346
00:33:29.279 --> 00:33:37.279
emperor to worry about. Toward the
Spaniards, Attahuapa continued to behave socially.

347
00:33:37.279 --> 00:33:42.759
In fact, he behaved like he
was just a run of the mill captive,

348
00:33:42.880 --> 00:33:46.079
trying to get on as best he
could in his situation. There were

349
00:33:46.119 --> 00:33:52.039
no imperial pretenses here. Among the
Spaniards, Attahuapa was good, vivial,

350
00:33:52.119 --> 00:33:58.000
I mean, even cheerful. Frankly, the Spaniards might have been the only

351
00:33:58.079 --> 00:34:01.759
people to ever meet the real da
Waalpa. As sad as that might sound,

352
00:34:01.839 --> 00:34:07.800
the man stripped away from all the
pretenses of power. For their part,

353
00:34:07.840 --> 00:34:12.760
Pizzaro and his men were happy to
let their captive emperor live a life

354
00:34:12.760 --> 00:34:17.760
of luxury. He had his usual
servants, etc. Etc. And only

355
00:34:17.800 --> 00:34:22.840
difference was that Pizaro made all the
major state decisions. Howdahualpa had become a

356
00:34:22.840 --> 00:34:30.400
figurehead emperor for a moment. Everyone
was happy with the status. Quod Wualapa,

357
00:34:30.519 --> 00:34:37.800
in fact, amazed the Spaniards,
who often marveled over this supposed barbarian's

358
00:34:37.880 --> 00:34:44.119
display of reason and logic. One
notary road quote after he was a prisoner,

359
00:34:44.519 --> 00:34:47.119
the Spaniards who listened to him were
astounded defines so much wisdom in a

360
00:34:47.199 --> 00:34:52.840
barbarian. The emperor is the wisest
and most capable native who had ever been

361
00:34:52.880 --> 00:34:58.960
seen. He likes to learn about
things we possess to such an extent that

362
00:34:59.000 --> 00:35:04.800
he plays chess very well. But
having this man in our power entire land

363
00:35:04.880 --> 00:35:10.760
is calm end quote. And the
Spaniards couldn't help but be dazzled by Atahualpa's

364
00:35:10.840 --> 00:35:15.559
royal treatment, by the fact that
he was weighted on hand and foot by

365
00:35:15.679 --> 00:35:22.039
numerous beautiful women, most of whom
were his concubines. Pedro Pizzaro, who

366
00:35:22.119 --> 00:35:27.480
is only eighteen years old at the
time reports quote. The ladies brought him

367
00:35:27.480 --> 00:35:30.639
his meal and placed it before him
on delicate green rushes. They placed all

368
00:35:30.679 --> 00:35:36.760
the dishes of gold, silver,
and earthenware, and he Atahualpa, pointed

369
00:35:36.760 --> 00:35:39.199
at whatever appealed to him, who
was brought over one of the ladies,

370
00:35:39.280 --> 00:35:43.960
taking it and holding it in her
hand while he ate. One day,

371
00:35:44.320 --> 00:35:46.920
while I was present and he was
eating in this manner, a slice of

372
00:35:46.960 --> 00:35:52.000
food was being lifted to his mouth
when a drop fell on to the clothing

373
00:35:52.000 --> 00:35:55.519
he was wearing. Giving his hand
to the Indian lady, he rose and

374
00:35:55.559 --> 00:36:00.840
went into his chamber to change his
clothes, then returned wearing a tunic and

375
00:36:00.880 --> 00:36:05.440
a dark brown cloak. I approached
him and felt the cloak, which was

376
00:36:05.480 --> 00:36:09.119
softer than silk, and said to
him, inca, what is this robe

377
00:36:09.119 --> 00:36:14.119
made of that it is so soft. He replied that it was from the

378
00:36:14.199 --> 00:36:17.039
skins of vampire bats that fly by
night, and put at the viejo in

379
00:36:17.119 --> 00:36:23.480
Tumbez that these bite the natives end
quote. The bats were actually something of

380
00:36:24.239 --> 00:36:29.960
I guess fascination to Pedro, because
he continued to Pepper the Emperor about questioning

381
00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:36.519
them over and over again. The
next day, Pizzaro's young cousin accompanied him

382
00:36:36.559 --> 00:36:42.639
to a royal storehouse filled with trunks
made of dark leather quote I Pedro Pizzaro

383
00:36:43.039 --> 00:36:45.719
asked him what the trunks contained,
and he showed me in some of them

384
00:36:45.079 --> 00:36:49.920
which they kept everything that Atahualpa had
touched with his hands, and that the

385
00:36:49.960 --> 00:36:53.960
clothes he had even thrown away.
Some contained the rushes that they had placed

386
00:36:53.960 --> 00:36:59.000
before his feet when he ate,
and others were the bones of the meat

387
00:36:59.079 --> 00:37:02.199
or the birds he had eat In
others the cores of the ears of corn

388
00:37:02.239 --> 00:37:07.960
he had been helding in his hands. In short, within those trunks was

389
00:37:07.000 --> 00:37:12.480
everything that he had ever touched.
I asked him why they kept all this

390
00:37:12.639 --> 00:37:16.000
there. They told me that it
was in order to burn it, because

391
00:37:16.039 --> 00:37:21.519
every year what had been touched by
the Inca emperor, who was the son

392
00:37:22.000 --> 00:37:25.440
of the Sun had to be burned, reduced to ashes, and thrown into

393
00:37:25.480 --> 00:37:30.679
the air, and then no one
was ever allowed to touch it. And

394
00:37:30.880 --> 00:37:38.599
quote November turned to December and the
end of fifteen thirty two, a year

395
00:37:38.719 --> 00:37:44.639
to forget if you were out to
Hualpa. True near Yet the gold and

396
00:37:44.840 --> 00:37:50.840
silver objects, though piling up,
had not reached the line The Incan emperor

397
00:37:50.880 --> 00:37:58.440
had drawn on the wall out Tohuallpa, impatient for his release, suggested to

398
00:37:58.480 --> 00:38:02.079
Bizarro that he said some of his
troops to Cusco in order to supervise the

399
00:38:02.119 --> 00:38:07.480
collecting of the ransom. Pizzaro,
though knowing that Ottahuallpa had two armies in

400
00:38:07.519 --> 00:38:12.760
the south and another in the north, was reluctant to divide up his forces

401
00:38:12.800 --> 00:38:17.119
for fear of an attack. Pizzaro
agreed to send the three men, but

402
00:38:17.239 --> 00:38:23.079
also reminded Atahuallpa about the nature of
their relationship. If anything should happen to

403
00:38:23.119 --> 00:38:28.400
the three Spaniards, he warned the
emperor, and he would have to have

404
00:38:28.480 --> 00:38:34.519
him killed. Atahualpa reassured Pisaro,
offering to provide an Inca noble, a

405
00:38:34.599 --> 00:38:38.880
number of native soldiers and also porters
who could carry the three Spaniards on royal

406
00:38:38.960 --> 00:38:44.880
letters. Pizarro then met with the
men, ordering them to take possession of

407
00:38:44.880 --> 00:38:47.000
the city of Cusco in the name
of the king, and to do so

408
00:38:47.239 --> 00:38:51.760
in the presence of the notary,
who was to draw up a legal document

409
00:38:51.800 --> 00:38:55.679
to that effect. He then gave
the three orders to carefully behave themselves,

410
00:38:57.480 --> 00:39:01.719
to do nothing other than what the
incas accompanying them did not wish so that

411
00:39:01.760 --> 00:39:07.280
they would not be killed. Their
mission was to reconnoiter the conditions and the

412
00:39:07.360 --> 00:39:10.119
terrain to the south, to help
with the collection of the treasure in Cuscope,

413
00:39:10.639 --> 00:39:15.400
and to bring back a full and
detailed report of everything that they saw.

414
00:39:15.599 --> 00:39:22.280
Nothing less, nothing more. What
these men saw, I'm sure amazed

415
00:39:22.360 --> 00:39:29.559
them. These were the first Europeans
to witness an untouched Andean world, one

416
00:39:29.639 --> 00:39:36.719
with the thriving civilization in all its
color and scarcely understood complexity. Everything would

417
00:39:36.719 --> 00:39:40.199
have been new to them, new
plants, new animals, people's villages,

418
00:39:40.280 --> 00:39:46.880
mountains, languages, so on and
so forth. According to one notary quote,

419
00:39:46.960 --> 00:39:52.639
all the steep mountains have stairways of
stone. One of the greatest works

420
00:39:52.639 --> 00:39:57.559
of the Conquista doors witnessed in this
land were the roads. Most of the

421
00:39:57.559 --> 00:40:01.880
people on these mountain slopes live on
hill in high mountains. Their houses are

422
00:40:01.920 --> 00:40:07.559
of stone and earth, and there
are many houses in each village. Along

423
00:40:07.599 --> 00:40:10.440
the road. Every four to seven
miles are found the houses built for the

424
00:40:10.480 --> 00:40:15.679
purpose of allowing the lords to rest
while they were out visiting and inspecting their

425
00:40:15.719 --> 00:40:22.320
realm. In every seventy miles there
are important cities, capitals of the provinces

426
00:40:22.360 --> 00:40:25.440
to which the smaller cities brought the
tribute, which they paid with corn,

427
00:40:25.559 --> 00:40:31.159
clothes, and other things. All
these large cities have storehouses full of things

428
00:40:31.199 --> 00:40:36.760
that are harvested from the land.
Because it is very cold, little corn

429
00:40:36.880 --> 00:40:43.480
is harvested except in specially designated places. There are plenty of vegetables and roots

430
00:40:43.480 --> 00:40:47.480
with which the people sustain themselves.
There are also wild turnips, potatoes.

431
00:40:47.519 --> 00:40:53.239
Actually, there are many herds of
sheep yamas in alpacas. There's a certain

432
00:40:53.280 --> 00:40:58.719
part of each province set aside for
these herds to winter in. The people,

433
00:40:58.760 --> 00:41:00.960
as I've said, are very light
and intelligent, and always go about

434
00:41:01.039 --> 00:41:06.840
dressed with footwear. They eat cooked
and raw corn, and drink a lot

435
00:41:06.880 --> 00:41:10.199
of chica, which is a beverage
made from corn that is very much like

436
00:41:10.400 --> 00:41:16.559
beer. The people are very friendly
and very obedient, yet warlike. They

437
00:41:16.599 --> 00:41:23.840
have many weapons of diverse sorts.
As has been told end like Cortez's men

438
00:41:24.320 --> 00:41:31.760
who saw the first glimpse of Tenushchiklan, these three travelers who finally arrived in

439
00:41:31.960 --> 00:41:38.280
Cusco would have been stunned by what
they beheld. Whose goal was nestled on

440
00:41:38.320 --> 00:41:44.519
a hillside that opened into a broad
valley. At approximately eleven thousand, three

441
00:41:44.599 --> 00:41:51.119
hundred feet above sea level, the
Inca's mountain capital appeared like some sort of

442
00:41:51.159 --> 00:41:55.360
medieval town in the Swiss Alps.
According to one quote, the city is

443
00:41:55.360 --> 00:41:59.239
the greatest and finest that has ever
been seen in this realm, or even

444
00:41:59.280 --> 00:42:02.920
in the Indies. And we can
assure your Majesty Charles the fifth, that

445
00:42:04.079 --> 00:42:07.360
it is so beautiful, unless such
fine buildings, that it would even be

446
00:42:07.400 --> 00:42:16.039
remarkable in Spain. Writing about the
different houses, here's one account quote.

447
00:42:16.760 --> 00:42:21.079
It is full of the palaces of
lords. The plaza is a square,

448
00:42:21.119 --> 00:42:24.519
and the greater part of it is
flat and paved with small stones. Around

449
00:42:24.559 --> 00:42:28.719
it are the four palaces of lords, which are the main ones in the

450
00:42:28.760 --> 00:42:32.039
city. They are painted and carved
and are made of stone, and the

451
00:42:32.119 --> 00:42:37.000
best of them is the house of
Juanna Kabak, a former chief. The

452
00:42:37.079 --> 00:42:44.679
gateway there is of red, white
and multi colored marble. On the heights.

453
00:42:44.679 --> 00:42:49.199
About the city, the Spaniards saw
a fortress with three towers which resemble

454
00:42:49.239 --> 00:42:54.079
a European castle. The visitors used
sign language to point and kind of ask

455
00:42:54.199 --> 00:43:00.400
what it was. Eventually they found
out that it meant a fortress of the

456
00:43:00.480 --> 00:43:06.599
satisfied falcon. According to one description, quote upon the hill, which is

457
00:43:06.920 --> 00:43:10.000
rounded and very steep, there's a
beautiful fortress of earth and stone. It's

458
00:43:10.119 --> 00:43:15.760
large windows which look over the city
make it even more beautiful. And many

459
00:43:15.800 --> 00:43:20.880
Spaniards who have been in Lombardy and
another kingdoms say they've never seen another building

460
00:43:20.920 --> 00:43:25.480
like this fortress, nor more powerful
castle. Due one side of this fortress

461
00:43:25.519 --> 00:43:32.440
was protected by a huge stone wall
composed of rocks of gargantuan sides thirty tons

462
00:43:32.519 --> 00:43:37.760
more or less. Somehow, the
Inca, again without beasts of burden,

463
00:43:37.599 --> 00:43:43.800
cut and moved them into place elsewhere
in the city. As the Spaniards wandered

464
00:43:43.840 --> 00:43:49.599
about, they stared get the curious
inhabitants, whose cotton and alpaca wool,

465
00:43:49.639 --> 00:43:53.880
tunics and headbands, as well as
hairstyles indicated their rank and what part of

466
00:43:53.920 --> 00:44:00.039
the empire they came from. Everywhere
they looked, the Spaniards saw finally constructed

467
00:44:00.079 --> 00:44:06.400
stone walls lining the streets, walls
that exhibited the most remarkable craftsmanship that the

468
00:44:06.480 --> 00:44:13.719
Spanish had ever seen. Examining the
stones of one bridge, Pedro Piscaro later

469
00:44:14.000 --> 00:44:17.199
recounted, quote, they are so
close together and so well fitted that the

470
00:44:17.239 --> 00:44:22.079
point of a pain could not have
been inserted in any of the joints end

471
00:44:22.159 --> 00:44:27.679
quote. Some of the Spaniards actually
said, not even the Romans would have

472
00:44:27.679 --> 00:44:32.760
been able to make roads and bridges
this strong, this perfect. Cusco is

473
00:44:32.800 --> 00:44:37.320
the royal hub of the Incan Empire. It was a city designed to portray

474
00:44:37.400 --> 00:44:44.400
state power in the most ostentatious way
possible. The three men instructed to take

475
00:44:44.440 --> 00:44:46.400
possession of Cusco, and in the
name of King Charles, did so with

476
00:44:46.440 --> 00:44:53.480
the usual flourish drafting an extensive legal
document explaining to everyone present what was going

477
00:44:53.519 --> 00:44:59.920
on. Unfortunately, no one but
the notary who draft of the document could

478
00:45:00.039 --> 00:45:05.760
read it. What really caught the
trio's attention, however, from the moment

479
00:45:05.800 --> 00:45:08.679
that they looked down on the capitol
after crossing the final crest of the hills,

480
00:45:09.280 --> 00:45:15.000
was that certain buildings seemed to burn
as brightly as the sun, as

481
00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:21.360
if the buildings themselves had been dipped
into a golden fire. After some investigation,

482
00:45:22.440 --> 00:45:28.880
they discovered that, sure enough,
quote, these buildings were sheathed on

483
00:45:28.920 --> 00:45:34.480
the side where the sun rises with
large plates of gold. They said,

484
00:45:34.519 --> 00:45:37.679
there was so much gold in all
the buildings of the city that it was

485
00:45:37.719 --> 00:45:42.559
a marvelous thing that they would have
brought much more of it if it had

486
00:45:42.599 --> 00:45:45.760
not detained them longer, because they
were alone and two hundred and fifty leagues

487
00:45:46.360 --> 00:45:55.079
from other Christians. End quote.
One of Atahualpa's captains and commanders, General

488
00:45:55.239 --> 00:46:02.039
Kiskis, presently occupied the capital with
thirty thousand troops. Now it's worth noting

489
00:46:02.039 --> 00:46:07.440
at this point that these troops are
not native to Cuscu. These troops are

490
00:46:07.480 --> 00:46:13.159
actually from the north and region that
is today Aquado. Our general Kiskis was

491
00:46:13.320 --> 00:46:20.760
more or less an occupying army,
and so the locals of Cusco didn't necessarily

492
00:46:20.800 --> 00:46:27.360
look well on him. He was
a victorious Incan general in a civil war,

493
00:46:28.719 --> 00:46:34.159
but he gave the Spaniards a decidedly
cool reception. Would you blame him?

494
00:46:35.480 --> 00:46:39.559
Still, without a direct order from
Attahuallpa, there was little to nothing

495
00:46:39.920 --> 00:46:45.159
the veteran general Kiskis could do.
The Spaniards were, to a large extent,

496
00:46:45.400 --> 00:46:51.440
to the natives of Cusco, and
to the general himself, rather unimpressive.

497
00:46:52.719 --> 00:46:57.800
Consider this Souris quote. To our
Indian eyes, the Spaniards looked as

498
00:46:57.880 --> 00:47:02.079
if they were shrouded like corpses.
Their faces were covered with wool, leaving

499
00:47:02.079 --> 00:47:07.719
only the eyes visible, and the
camps that they wore resembled little red pots

500
00:47:07.760 --> 00:47:12.159
on top of their heads. Sometimes
they also decorated their heads with plumes.

501
00:47:13.079 --> 00:47:15.920
Their swords appeared very long, since
they had to be carried with the points

502
00:47:15.960 --> 00:47:21.960
turned in a backward direction. They
were all dressed alike and talked together like

503
00:47:22.079 --> 00:47:29.679
brothers and ate at the same table. End quote. Now if very appearance

504
00:47:30.519 --> 00:47:35.199
was disturbing to some of the Inca, how they behaved, especially when they

505
00:47:35.239 --> 00:47:40.159
got to the Temple of the Sun, Well, that left a lot wanting.

506
00:47:42.880 --> 00:47:46.400
Two sailors, two of the three
who were along, oblivious to Inca

507
00:47:46.440 --> 00:47:51.320
culture and concern only with immediate plunder, entered the Temple of the Sun in

508
00:47:51.360 --> 00:47:58.039
their shabby leather boots and pushed right
past the stunned temple priests. They soon

509
00:47:58.119 --> 00:48:04.320
discovered that the temple was lined inside
and out with abandoned sheets of gold.

510
00:48:04.760 --> 00:48:07.639
The notary who was along described what
happened next quote. The Christians went to

511
00:48:07.679 --> 00:48:10.920
the buildings and with no aid from
the Indians, who refused to help,

512
00:48:12.159 --> 00:48:14.440
saying that it was the temple of
the Sun, and they would die.

513
00:48:15.480 --> 00:48:20.719
The Christians decided to strip the ornaments
away with some copper crowbars, and so

514
00:48:20.800 --> 00:48:25.920
they did. End quote. The
Spaniards then began crying off the golden sheets,

515
00:48:27.159 --> 00:48:31.679
piling them up outside like scrap metal
before a group of horrified onlookers and

516
00:48:31.880 --> 00:48:37.400
furious priests. Eventually, on May
the thirteenth, fifteen thirty three, after

517
00:48:37.440 --> 00:48:42.760
an absence of nearly three months and
a journey of about twelve hundred miles,

518
00:48:43.360 --> 00:48:47.480
the first of these three Spaniards arrived
back in Kashamarka, still being carried on

519
00:48:47.519 --> 00:48:53.960
a royal litter. The two Spanish
left behind evidently were shepherding a vast procession

520
00:48:53.960 --> 00:49:00.280
of one hundred and seventy eight loads
of gold and silver, each load carried

521
00:49:00.320 --> 00:49:04.199
on a type of stretcher borne by
four native porters. In all, more

522
00:49:04.239 --> 00:49:09.360
than a thousand porters labored northward,
plus Yama's carrying provisions. Once they had

523
00:49:09.440 --> 00:49:15.760
arrived back in Kashamarca, the three
travelers found Pizarro's camp much changed. Diago

524
00:49:15.840 --> 00:49:22.400
de Almagro, Pizzarro's one time ally, had arrived a month earlier. Al

525
00:49:22.440 --> 00:49:25.920
Magro had marched up into the Andes
and had joined Pizardo with a force of

526
00:49:25.960 --> 00:49:30.159
one hundred and fifty three men,
including fifty new horses, leaving six ships

527
00:49:30.159 --> 00:49:38.000
behind. Almargo's sudden arrival had apparently
the effect of crushing Attahuallpa psychologically, as

528
00:49:38.039 --> 00:49:43.599
ever since his captured five months earlier, the Emperor had been waiting for the

529
00:49:43.599 --> 00:49:49.079
Spaniards to leave. With a sudden
ear doubling of Pisardo's forces and the arrival

530
00:49:49.079 --> 00:49:52.880
of so many fresh horses and men, the message was now as clear to

531
00:49:52.960 --> 00:49:59.159
him as was the information spread across
the colored knots of the Inca keepie the

532
00:49:59.239 --> 00:50:05.280
message system. Watching the newly arrived
Spaniards greedily looking at the room full of

533
00:50:05.320 --> 00:50:08.960
gold, and excitedly tatting amongst themselves, Atahualpa, no doubt realized that he

534
00:50:09.760 --> 00:50:15.960
had been played for a fool.
Far from being a small party of marauders

535
00:50:15.199 --> 00:50:21.719
preparing to leave with their plunder,
these Spaniards now appeared to be readying themselves

536
00:50:22.239 --> 00:50:29.119
for a full scale invasion of his
empire. Trying to confirm Pizzaro's true intentions,

537
00:50:29.679 --> 00:50:32.079
Atahualpa, and one of his chiefs
asked Pizzaro at one point of leaning

538
00:50:32.159 --> 00:50:37.239
question, how are the peasants in
the Inca empire are going to be divided

539
00:50:37.280 --> 00:50:42.800
among the Spaniards, they asked,
when Pizzaro said, without thinking that every

540
00:50:42.800 --> 00:50:45.960
Spaniard was going to be granted a
native chief, which meant that every Spaniard

541
00:50:46.000 --> 00:50:51.960
was going to control an entire native
community. Atahualpa's plans for assuming the Inca

542
00:50:52.039 --> 00:50:58.960
throne were dashed upon the rocks.
I think it's fitting to end today of

543
00:50:59.079 --> 00:51:02.440
the final quote from Pedro Pisaro,
who was present and watching all this,

544
00:51:04.280 --> 00:51:10.159
He wrote as follows, when Almagro
and these men arrived at Hualpa, became

545
00:51:10.199 --> 00:51:17.639
anxious and feared that he was going
to die. Upon hearing Francisco Pisaro's reply

546
00:51:19.320 --> 00:51:22.360
that the leader of the foreign invaders
intended to divide up the empire amongst his

547
00:51:22.440 --> 00:51:34.119
followers Atahualpa, simply uttered, then
I shall die as always. If you've

548
00:51:34.239 --> 00:51:37.679
enjoyed the show, you can check
out more content in teaching resources at the

549
00:51:37.679 --> 00:51:44.440
website Western CIP podcast dot com.
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550
00:51:44.480 --> 00:51:47.119
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551
00:51:47.159 --> 00:51:52.719
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552
00:51:52.760 --> 00:51:59.639
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