WEBVTT

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Broadcasting live. It's America's longest running
talk show on computers. It's Computer America

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bringing you the biggest names in technology
with guest interviews, we broughducts, and

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your emails. Listen live at computer
america dot com on any device around the

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world. Email the show at live
at computer america dot com, or find

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us on social media. Be sure
to check out our website for contests,

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giveaways, show notes, live radio
stream, podcasts, and more. You're

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listening to Computer America. Hello,
and welcome everyone into the Computer America Show.

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We are the nation's longest running nationally
syndicated radio talk show on computers and

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technology term podcast. Everyone, welcome
into the program. I hope that you're

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doing well today and you are ready
for today's program, because we have the

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one, the only, mister Ralph
Bond. He'll be joining us here in

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just a moment. He is,
of course, our science and Tech Trends

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correspondent, and he has a four
stories as as is tradition, and yeah,

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you know, all of them are
really great. The first one I'm

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glad that he dedicated so much to
it because the first story has such a

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large implication I think for you know, obviously for our day to day lives,

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but ladies and gentlemen going into the
weekend, I know that there are

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places in the southern US that are
dealing with like their thirtieth straight day or

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something like that of hundred, one
hundred and ten degree weather, you know,

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absolutely insane. And the way that
I understand, you know, climate

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change. I know I'm preaching to
the choir here, but the abnormal is

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going to start getting more normal year
over year. So you know, it's

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not going to be like, you
know, oh, in fifty years of

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switch will flip and suddenly we can't
live on Earth anymore. It's going to

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slowly, you know, kind of
raise the heat. So I'm sure people

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down there in Texas and California and
you know, the Southern States are really

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looking forward to substantive Wow, that's
a hard word. Good changes towards a

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better climate and a better economy.
And again it's a win win because everything

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from story number one all the way, you know, all the way through

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have very cool and fun implications.
And cool and fun is exactly how I

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would describe our segments with Ralph.
So before we get started computer America dot

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com, that's we find everything passos
future shows, show notes, articles.

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Show notes are a big one.
Of course, we'll have those, I

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said by the time that you hear
this. And with that being said,

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ladies and gentlemen, let's go ahead
and jump right into it with Ralph So

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as I said before, science and
Tech trans correspondent and of course longtime Computer

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America contributor, Ralph, welcome back
onto the program. How you doing.

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It's great to be back then,
and happy Friday, everybody. And when

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I say happy Friday, it's because
Ben and I every Friday give you technology

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and science advancement stories that will,
we hope, leave you feeling happy instead

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of sad, which is what most
of the news cycles out there do.

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They're so negative. Wars and problems
and disharmony in our government. No leave

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that all behind. We're going to
talk about everything from robotics, medical technology,

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sustainable energy, technology, transportation,
advances, space research, physics,

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you name it, and we've got
four stories to share with you. And

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again Ben mentioned in passing the show
notes, come out to Computer america dot

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com Get the show notes. That's
where I put the links, the attributions

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who wrote these stories where they come
from. Sometimes uplemental information images, all

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of it's there for you to dive
deeper, because we're just going to give

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you a condensed highlights of these four
stories. So with that said, we

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can dive into the first story if
you're ready. I am absolutely ready,

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and I was really having fun,
you know, kind of reading on reading

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this on my own. But you
know, it seems to be the past

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couple of weeks we have some kind
of new battery technology. I think for

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the past couple of weeks we talked
about it was the silicon eon or something

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like that. Either way, lithium
ion is what we know and traditionally use,

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but there's a lot of research past
lithium ion and today is no different.

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So story number one, Yeah,
and folks talk about being a trends

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correspondent for the show. This one
is really a very hot trend that's part

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happening right now and part promise for
the future. So it's kind of a

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fun mix. Here's the headline.
Toyota touts solid state ev east electronic or

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electric vehicles with a nine hundred thirty
two mile range and at ten minute charging

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time. They hope to achieve this
by twenty twenty seven. Again, what

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a trend, and you're going to
find out Toyota is not alone at all.

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In fact, there's some solid state
battery evs out there right now,

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and we'll get into that again.
The show notes have the link. I

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even have a supplemental link to dive
deeper into the technology if you want to

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do that. But here we go
with the story. So Toyota says it

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has found a technological breakthrough that will
allow it to bring solid state batteries to

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market for its cars as early as
twenty twenty seven, so a few years

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off. It's one of several advanced
battery technologies that will underscore Toyota's new EV

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focus, all EV focus, by
the way, as it pivots away from

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its former CEOs hybrid centric strategy.
And this comes right home to me because

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we have a RAV four prime,
which is a plug in hybrid kind of

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combination of both the technologies. So
solid state batteries promise greater energy density,

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higher electric range, and faster charging
that puts refueling time on par with a

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gas powered vehicle. Now let's be
clear about that. On par. You're

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going to find out, you know, we're talking about ten minutes to fully

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recharge. A battery, which compared
to the twelve hours it takes mind to

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do it on my non superpower charger
in the garage. Anyway, give you

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a perspective, and here's the deal, folks, researchers, scientists and automakers

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have spent decades trying to crack the
code on the commercialization of solid state batteries.

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It's been a big challenge, but
so far now this article's timeout which

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came from Did I give the attribution? This came from PC magazine, by

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the way, the article and when
it was written mid last month, this

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statement was relatively basically true. The
author said, no evs have them as

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of this state. Well, now
in just a few weeks all has changed.

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The article was published last month,
and here are some updates. So

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I went out and I used the
being ai chat search search capability, and

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it came back when I said,
what evs or what electronic electric vehicles out

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there now have solid state batteries?
And here's the answer that came back says,

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according to my web search, there
is currently only one commercially available electric

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car with a solid state battery.
It is the dong Feng that's d O

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n g Fenge seventy electric sedan which
is only available in China and has been

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launched as a fleet of fifty taxis, and a little picture of it.

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It's a very nondescript, sort of
normal looking little sedan car, but it

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has the solid state battery. By
the way, we're going to explain a

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little bit more about what the heck
of solid state battery is as compared to

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a lithium ion battery. Okay,
so here's my add on. I went

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back and I asked the AI again
about all solid state battery cars. And

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this week, on twelfth of July, Chinese electric vehicle automaker Neo Nio has

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made a groundbreaking achievement in the EV
industry by adding a one hundred fifty kilowatt

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hour solid state battery pack to its
cars. And there's a little picture of

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its attractive little LESSUV type of car. Right. So this is now happening

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and more and more and more to
come, and the benefits we're going to

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get into are just stunning. But
timeout, let's do a little explanation of

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what a solid state battery is or
what they are. A solid state battery

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uses solid electrodes and a solid electro
light instead of the liquid or polymer gel

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electrodes found in lithium ion or lithium
polymer batteries. Now in the show notes,

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if you want to dive deeper into
this, I've got a little more

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explanation of solid electrodes and solid electrolytes. You can dive in and get more

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geeky if you want to, and
I've got links to where the information came

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from. We won't do that right
now, but again, they differ by

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using liquid or polymer gel electrodes found
in lithium ion or polymer battery. So

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the solid if I could say it, that would be solid electrodes and solid

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electro lights. That's the key,
and then we're going to get into the

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benefits here for why this is so
great? Oh oh yeah, here's a

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fun thing in the show. Does
I love this? That was in the

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article in PC magazine. While solid
electro lights we're first discovered in the nineteenth

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century, what several drawbacks have prevented
widespread application. Developments in the late twentieth

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and early twenty first century have caused
renewed interest in solid state battery technologies,

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especially in the context of electric vehicles. Starting in the twenty tenth. So

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isn't that something nineteenth century? Yeah? It you know, when it comes

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to vehicle technology, and especially like
this kind of technology. I mean,

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some of the first cars were electric
cars. We just try to kind of

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circle back around to you know,
gasoline and now we're coming back to electric.

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You know, the principles are pretty
well known. It's just you know,

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getting it to work on scale that
we meet for cars. That's the

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part that they're finally tackling. And
it's so good to see. Well,

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yeah, and Ben to your point
about and that is so true. If

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you look at the history of automobiles
and electric vehicles, what is it like

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in the eighteen nineties or something.
I think maybe some electric vehicles are crazy

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stuff, turn of the centry and
so on. And again the problems that

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have to date kind of plagued electric
vehicles charging time and in the case of

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the one hundred years ago or so, it was, the batteries were just

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so limited and so forth. But
at least they were playing around with that

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idea. Yeah, but here's the
deal. Really, the trend, the

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breakthrough, the significance of all of
these solid state batteries for cars is charging

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time and range. Okay, so
solid state technology batteries can provide potential solutions

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for many problems of liquid ion batteries
or liquid lithium ion batteries rather, such

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as flammability. We've all heard about
that limited voltage, unstable solid electrolyte interface

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formation that's very geeky, poor cycling
performance, and strength of the batteries.

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I'm not hit share what they mean
by strength of the batteries, but nonetheless

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that's sort of the shopping list of
problems that lithium ion batteries you have in

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your car today present. And then
another thing that I thought was interesting in

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the article, they said materials proposed
for use as solid electrodes in solid state

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batteries include ceramics, oxides, sulfides, phosphates, and solid polymers. None

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of these are exotic or weird ingredients. Okay, that's another aspect of this,

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and another side note I thought was
interesting. Non audible bile or car

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related uses of solid state batteries to
date include pacemakers and radio frequency identification devices

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and variety of wearable portable devices.
But they do a little deeper in the

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dive. You'll find out right now
that very expensive technology for that application,

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but it does exist. And then
finally, with regard to Toyota, Toyota

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says it's found a new material that
gets around one of the core issues with

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solid state batteries their longevity. Because
even my RAV four Prime, which is

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a plug in hybrid a Sunday down
the road, the batteries are going to

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have to be replaced. But Ben, here's what I'm hoping, and I

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hope this is true for all the
Tesla owners and everybody else, that when

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that day comes you've got to swap
out the battery that it can be swapped

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out with a solid state battery bing
wouldn't that be great? And then,

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as you can imagine, not only
for Toyota, but for the Chinese and

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for everybody else that's really starting to
get into this, the next challenge will

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be mass production. Toyota says it's
breakthrough batteries will hit the market in twenty

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twenty seven or twenty twenty eight.
Consider the fact that the Chinese already have

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this and they're putting it on the
road now, So salute to the Chinese

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on that regard. I guess so
this will give Toyota's EVS at that time

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period around twenty twenty seven, twenty
twenty eight. They claim at that time

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those cars will have a seven hundred
forty five mile range, what and significantly

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greater than any gas powered car today. Of course with a ten minute charging

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time. That combination of that that
range is so great, Ben, I

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couldn't drive seven hundred right well,
and you know, and I know that

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we're not really close to it,
but you know, imagine that in five

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or seven years or you know,
whenever these thot come out where automatic driving

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cars are, you know, you
could have cars that are self driving like

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taxis and you know, populated cities
and they would be able to go out

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for the whole day without having to
go back and recharge. Stuff like that.

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Very exciting. Yeah. And again
if you could come back in ten

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minutes, be back on the road, Wow, you would just need less

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cars. You would need less cars. And that's great. Yeah, good

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point. And then to close out
here, it says eventually Toyota's plans include

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vehicles with a nine hundred thirty two
mile range. I mean, I think

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that's great, but I mean most
normal people, except for specially applications as

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you just suggested, that that range
is just beyond belief and a less than

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ten minute charging time, and in
comparison, the best selling EV today,

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the Tesla Model Why, has a
maximum three hundred and thirty mile range and

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a fifteen minute charging time via Tesla
supercharger, which is all very very impressive,

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especially that charge in time. If
that technology were to come to market,

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and even just like uh, you
know, taxis or robotaxis or anything

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like that, Imagine, you know, we ship goods via the highways all

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the time between states. Imagine having
two people who could take shifts, never

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have to leave the cab unless they
you know, unless they had to,

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and be able to, you know, ship something a thousand miles away all

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in one charge. Like, you
know, they could take shifts, they

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could sleep, they could you know, do where they have to. Yeah,

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you know, be able to Like
the cost of shipping goods would go

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down immensely as well. So yeah, and related to that, just local

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municipal bus sort of and that sort
of thing too, because as you mentioned,

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whether they're autonomous or operator or a
combination of human plus autonomous, whatever

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the gives may be, the fact
that these things take the airport at our

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airport, I'm sure yours two and
many around the world. You have the

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little shuttle things taking out to the
parking lot and all that sort of thing,

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that this all could be all electric
and impractical all electric because of range

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and charging time. So yeah,
it's a great trend, folks, Hang

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onto your hats, it's coming.
And also wanted to address point because like,

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I never really bothered to go up
and go out and look for the

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information, so I have it.
You know, there's always the conversation of

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you have you know, shifting from
a gas to an electric car, the

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electricity still has to come from somewhere. How much you know, how much

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more efficient is it really? Universus
gas you put in your car versus gas

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or I'm sorry, versus electricity from
the grid. And according to Fuel Economy

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Dot give if you trust that electric
vehicles convert about seventy seven percent of the

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electricity from the grid to power out
the wheel. So the actual energy it

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takes to turn the wheels about,
you know, there's about twenty three percent

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waste, and you know it's not
a perfect system, but compare that to

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gasoline, where the energy stored in
gasoline converted to and you know, you

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can imagine starting stopping poor driving can
affect all this kind of thing. About

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twelve to thirty percent of the energy
and gasoline is converted to power at the

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wheel, so you're getting you know, anywhere from two to five times as

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much efficiency for your gap. You
know, I'm sorry for your electricity in

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just going electric versus gas cars so
very economical already. It is just a

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matter of solid state batteries are going
to make it an absolute no brainer,

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an absolute no brainy. Yeah,
oh yeah. And again I'm hopeful.

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Talk of the personal trend that I
hope happens for me and my family is

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the day to swap out my battery. Can I retrofit with a solid state

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I'm hoping that's the case. I
haven't seen anybody address this yet, but

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that would be a question I would
ask any of these engineers for any of

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these car companies at the very least, you know. And I was just

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having this conversation with my wife about, you know, getting a car in

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the future, and she's still a
little on the fence about you know,

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even though three hundred miles is a
very far distance, you know, there's

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still range range anxiety out there about
going full electric versus hybrid, which I'm

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sure I came up with your family
too, Ralph. When you got you

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know, when you got your Toyota
M nine hundred miles, no one would

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have range anxiety at that point.
That is, you know, there there

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is literally no benefit to gas versus
um, you know, versus electric cars.

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It's a very little benefit if there
is any. Oh yeah, yeah,

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that's a great point. And again, folks, if you're if you're

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right now today, if you have
range anxiety and you can't afford or can't

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access an all solid state battery car
that we've been talking about once right now

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on the road or in China,
plug in hybrid friends, it's where you

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have a battery that takes our car. We've been getting like anywhere from forty

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to fifty miles of pure EV every
day until it switches over to a hybrid

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mode, which is a combo course
of the other battery and the gas engine.

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So that's a great solution for right
now, right this minute, which

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and we'll see the most yeah,
which most Americans drive less than forty miles

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a day. Sorry, it totally
totally does a job. But either way

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of solid state batteries, there's so
many applications, and like you said,

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it's already in pacemakers and medical technology
and you know a few other applications,

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not just cars. But I'm sure
if slid state is possible, you're going

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to see benefits across the really across
the industries. So there you go.

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Start number one. Great, you
know, great implications and love it level,

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love it. Story number two,
let's go ahead and get a little

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bit more. Um well, I
like, I don't want to say realist,

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because twenty twenty eight is right around
the corner, but this is something

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that's happening now, and honestly it
looks like a bath toy, but it's

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doing something so much more. Yes, story number two is fun. Well,

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well, of course we have we
must have artificial intelligence play a role

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in here. And we'll see it's
got a couple of stories this week with

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that headline. This AI powered robot
fish explores mysterious organisms and I added and

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gathers DNA samples under the sea.
And this comes from an absolutely joyful website

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called Wonderful Engineering dot com and they
kind of reposted a Reuter's news story.

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So there's a double layer link and
there's a link of course in the show

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notes and the video you're showing the
audience right now, which is really fun

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and cool too. So here's the
story. There's an amazing new fish like

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robot called Bell that is exploring the
ocean and gathering important information without causing any

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disturbance to marine life. This robot
has the potential to revolutionize the way we

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study underwater creatures and environments and understand
the impact of factors like overfishing and climate

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change. Now. Robert katz Schumann, assistant professor of Robotics at et Zurich

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of Course in Switzerland, he noted, in reference to using the robot to

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explore sensitive coral reefs, See,
that's hard for scientists to really get down

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there because coral reefs are so sensitive, he said. He said, those

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areas are particularly vulnerable to propeller based
systems that would just sort of shred through

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the corals or go and scare the
fish away. That's the problem. So

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this is what this robot was really
designed for, highly delicate and sensitive marine

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situations underwater. So Bell is designed, as the video wonderfully shows, to

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mimic a fish and seamlessly blend into
its surroundings thanks to its here's the key.

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Thanks to its size lent movements,
it uses artificial intelligence to navigate underwater

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autonomously. But that's not all.
I can also collect DNA samples and capture

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high resolution videos. Now we're going
to explain in a moment, how is

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it silent. Well, here's the
deal. Bella's lightweight and compact, measuring

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less than a meter in length,
weighing about ten kilograms that's about twenty two

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pounds when out of the water.
Now, it uses a silicon or silicone

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fin with two water filled cavities,
which allows it to move quietly and naturally

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in coral environments deep beneath the surface. And a fellow named Leon Guggenheim,

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a mechanical engineering student at ETH Zurich, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.

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He noted, these water filled cavities
are filled and emptied with water through a

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pump system that moves the fin back
and forth, because you have a cavity

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on one side which creates an overpressure
and a cavity on the other side that

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creates a vacuum, and that bends
the fin in one direction and conversely the

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other direction right to get the flapping
most cool fish isn't that something that's very

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And the silence, the quiet,
that's the thing that's so great. And

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Bell can operate autonomously for two hours
before its batteries need to be recharged.

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Put a solid state battery in the
thing. It could swim. Yeah,

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yes, that's right. And when
this is cool too, when the robot

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completes a session. But remember it's
autonomous, it's AI driven. It's going

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to do its thing. You deploy
it, it goes and does its thing.

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When it's done, it swims to
the surface, sends us a GPS

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signal, and then we go pick
it up again, Guggenheim said. Now

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news outlets have reported that this robot
could soon become an invaluable tool for marine

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biologists. They could use Bell to
study and protect the health and biodiversity of

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different reef ecosystems, ensuring the conservation
of marine wildlife, and with ells help,

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scientists can gather crucial data while minimizing
any disruption to underwater habitat. So

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I just thought this was clever.
I thought the silent motion, the way

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they do it with the water filled
cavities at alternating a vacuum and filling and

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expelling the water and so forth.
It's just I thought it was a boy.

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There's the video you're showing right now
that looks like a fish. The

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movement is so fluid and so natural. It's just amazing to me. And

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it does look like those bath toys
by my one year old grandchildren have these

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little wind up toys that look just
like that, and they put them in

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the pool and they swim around for
a few minutes and yeah, that's exactly

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like that. Yeah, they satrely
do. But and the video also shows

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a little glimpse on how they kind
of extract the DNA from the thing,

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because you know, it's swing through
the water, it has little cavities and

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it's it actually takes samples of the
water that they can then pull out a

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little tanks that are on the drone. So very very cool, and again

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the fact that it looks like a
fish. Um, I do worry a

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little bit that. You know,
I don't know how common predation on drones

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is, but you know, I'm
wondering if if they made it big enough,

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because you know, twenty two pounds
that's a big fish. I'm hoping

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that nothing's going to try to attack
the drone. I'm not saying that it'll

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hurt the drone. I'm more worried
that it might hurt the attacker. But

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still it's very natural, very natural. Yeah, yeah, I'm I'm imagining

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rolf, you know, because we
already have like a booies out there and

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stuff like that. If we could
have some kind of like docking station thing

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where we just have like a research
boobie out there, they go out,

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collect monitor, comeback, charge,
and just do it all over again.

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Yeah, so many possibilities, but
still looking out for our little fishy friends

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is really important. So you know, being able to get constant real time

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data is important. And this fish
is, like you said, with the

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with the kind of pump system that
they're using, looks just like a fish.

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You know, doesn't sound like a
little propeller. It's perfect things were

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something and will nugget. Oh yeah, go ahead. Well no, I

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was just saying in the AI navigation
like, it's not just swimming in circles.

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It can actually navigate its surrounding.
So even better. Yeah, in

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that something and another thing, not
to take it to the dark side,

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but this thing could be also for
surveillance. This could be for underwater monitoring

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or surveillance security situations. This is
for natural science research, which is lofty

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and good, but let's be honest, this could be repurposed for other other

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00:25:36.160 --> 00:25:41.359
needs. Well, you know,
there there are so many situations that we've

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heard of where UM boats will dump
you know, waste, they'll dump a

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cargo overboard, they'll just kind of
throw nets and stuff like that. I

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00:25:52.480 --> 00:25:56.559
mean, there's so many cases where
you want eyes and ears on something.

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But you know, something like this, you could monitor underwater, you know,

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autonomously without having to you know,
constantly you have a person out there.

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So there's good applications, bad applications, but still very very cool research

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from Zurich. It's very very innovative. So that's story number two, story

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00:26:17.240 --> 00:26:23.480
number three, and yes, you
know a little it's it's intriguing. It's

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clearly showing kind of the limitations of
AI, but at the same time it's

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showing the promise of AI because it
seems like two years ago. You know,

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we were talking a bit about machine
learning for years, but AI really

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00:26:36.960 --> 00:26:40.440
broke onto the scene with you know, chat, GPT and you know the

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00:26:40.519 --> 00:26:42.880
other things that uh, you know
kind of worked our way into our daily

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lives now. AI is just leaps
and bounds every single it seems like month

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00:26:48.640 --> 00:26:52.680
we're talking about a new innovation that
they're really working on. So story number

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three really goes to show that while
still primitive, they're doing more and more

356
00:26:57.720 --> 00:27:03.680
complex things. Well, and that's
a scary but cool. It is scary

357
00:27:03.720 --> 00:27:07.680
but cool. And this is a
really good example of a glistening in the

358
00:27:07.759 --> 00:27:15.599
eye, early early indication of a
key trend that could just turn the whole

359
00:27:15.680 --> 00:27:19.519
semiconductor world upside down and inside out. And you know, possibly you could

360
00:27:19.559 --> 00:27:23.519
say in a positive way. But
here's the headline. This comes from Quartz

361
00:27:23.720 --> 00:27:27.559
magazine. Very interesting, I've just
got onto these guys. Headline is it

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only took five hours for an artificial
intelligence model to design a functional CPU central

363
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processing unit, or a brain chip
as a popular term is right for your

364
00:27:38.839 --> 00:27:44.240
computers and other devices and so on. So the implications of this are just

365
00:27:44.319 --> 00:27:48.599
astonishing, so little background here.
Artificial intelligence is stretching the human limits of

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00:27:48.599 --> 00:27:56.640
computer design with a new AI model
now creating a complete central processing unit brain

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chip in just under five hours,
compared to the four years it takes Intel,

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00:28:03.400 --> 00:28:06.759
for example, to build one.
And this is a very generalized timeframe

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they're using in this article. By
the way, because I long time listeners

370
00:28:08.960 --> 00:28:14.720
know, I work for Intel for
almost fourteen years, and one of the

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things I did was I worked with
the research part of the company, not

372
00:28:18.119 --> 00:28:21.799
as a scientist, but as a
person who took it to the technical press.

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And I remember the first time they
brought me in and said, we've

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got this processor that has something called
HyperThreading and two cores, and I said,

375
00:28:30.279 --> 00:28:33.799
what two processors in one and the
ability to divide and conquer now?

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00:28:33.920 --> 00:28:37.319
Or what at sixteen cores and the
crazy stuff many many years later. So

377
00:28:37.680 --> 00:28:41.880
yes, I know from personal experience, not personally directly, but just from

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00:28:42.039 --> 00:28:45.559
being associated with the research side of
Intel up here in Hillsboro, Oregon,

379
00:28:45.599 --> 00:28:52.119
that it took a great deal of
time to develop and test and qa the

380
00:28:52.240 --> 00:28:56.839
design for a CPU. So that
said, here's the deal. This achievement,

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00:28:56.880 --> 00:29:02.359
what we're talking about today AI design
a central processing unit in less than

382
00:29:02.400 --> 00:29:04.960
five hours was discussed in a research
paper. Now our show notes have a

383
00:29:06.000 --> 00:29:08.480
link for you there, dated June
twenty seven, so late last month,

384
00:29:08.680 --> 00:29:15.759
and authored by here the Chinese again
nineteen Chinese computer process or researchers from five

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00:29:15.839 --> 00:29:19.480
technology colleges in China. The researchers
say their approach is bound to set the

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00:29:19.519 --> 00:29:26.960
stage for the creation of self evolving
machines. What let that sink in,

387
00:29:26.480 --> 00:29:32.599
I just involving machines. I just
opened the research paper off. Unfortunately for

388
00:29:32.599 --> 00:29:36.960
everyone out there, it runs Linux. It runs Linux. So that's right,

389
00:29:37.000 --> 00:29:40.079
we're going to get into that.
No, no, it was a

390
00:29:40.160 --> 00:29:42.240
joke, but please go ahead.
No. Yeah, in fact, a

391
00:29:42.240 --> 00:29:45.680
little preview here, there's gonna be
a lot of reality checks which the researchers

392
00:29:45.720 --> 00:29:52.519
completely acknowledge that what they're talking about
is a CPU that's would be twenty some

393
00:29:52.640 --> 00:29:56.240
odd years previous technology to where we
are now. So nobody's trying to say

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00:29:56.279 --> 00:30:00.920
that this is equal to your latest
greatest AMD or Intel brain chip, right,

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00:30:02.039 --> 00:30:06.279
so qualifier there. So their researchers
say their approaches bound us at the

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00:30:06.319 --> 00:30:11.200
stage for the creation of self evolving
machines forever, change the legacy CPU design

397
00:30:11.319 --> 00:30:17.119
flow, and reform the global semiconductor
industry. Interesting, now, the CPU

398
00:30:17.240 --> 00:30:22.240
these researchers, these nineteen researchers put
together, which runs on an AI instruction

399
00:30:22.400 --> 00:30:27.200
set named RISK and I presume ben
they mean five, the Roman numeral five

400
00:30:27.319 --> 00:30:33.400
risk five three two one A can
successfully run Linux operating system kernel five point

401
00:30:33.480 --> 00:30:37.960
one five And that's part of the
reality check you just alluded to. According

402
00:30:37.000 --> 00:30:45.079
to the researchers, it can perform
comparably against a nineteen ninety one human design

403
00:30:45.160 --> 00:30:49.400
Intel eighty four eighty six SX CPU. And again I had a little comment.

404
00:30:49.799 --> 00:30:52.839
We've been saying that this is just
the beginning, so we're not talking

405
00:30:52.839 --> 00:30:59.920
about designing CPUs comparable to today's speedsters. And it's also important to note that

406
00:31:00.359 --> 00:31:06.799
Ralph, you knows very well that
when they design CPUs, it's up to

407
00:31:06.920 --> 00:31:11.079
really like the software engineers and the
software designers to then take full advantage of

408
00:31:11.200 --> 00:31:15.119
that CPU. So you can't just
take you know, a word processor or

409
00:31:15.160 --> 00:31:18.680
even an operating system and say,
okay, well it works on this CPU,

410
00:31:18.880 --> 00:31:22.519
so we'll just throw it onto this
CPU and see how it works,

411
00:31:22.640 --> 00:31:25.359
you know, and compare the differences. No, like, you know,

412
00:31:26.119 --> 00:31:30.680
the the developers hook it into the
CPU and take advantage of the resources that

413
00:31:30.720 --> 00:31:33.480
they have, So you can't just
say, you know, compare one to

414
00:31:33.599 --> 00:31:38.079
one when the software was designed for
that CPU, but obviously not for this

415
00:31:38.279 --> 00:31:42.599
new AI generated CPU. It's just
not a good comparison to you know,

416
00:31:42.960 --> 00:31:48.000
do power that way, but you
can see where you know they're trying to

417
00:31:48.079 --> 00:31:52.319
do that. Yeah, yeah,
yeah, And again in the theme of

418
00:31:52.720 --> 00:31:57.519
their honesty and their recognition that what
we've done is we've created an AI based

419
00:31:57.599 --> 00:32:01.680
process or a generated that would be
from nineteen ninety one class okay. And

420
00:32:01.839 --> 00:32:05.680
so what they do say though in
their paper is the ultimate goal is to

421
00:32:05.839 --> 00:32:08.759
beat the latest human design CPU.
That's they really want to try to see

422
00:32:08.759 --> 00:32:12.799
if they can develop this enough to
the point where it could be comparable to

423
00:32:13.000 --> 00:32:17.519
the latest greatest processors from AMD,
Intel and everybody else while shaping the future

424
00:32:17.559 --> 00:32:21.799
of computer. And then they have
a quote from the paper. Our approach

425
00:32:21.920 --> 00:32:28.720
reduces the design cycle by about a
thousand times because the manual programming and verification

426
00:32:28.880 --> 00:32:31.680
process I can tell you from my
years it didn't tell that verification process is

427
00:32:32.160 --> 00:32:37.519
non trivial. So the manual programming
and verification process of traditional CPU design,

428
00:32:37.839 --> 00:32:43.440
which consumes more than sixty to eighty
percent of the design time and resources,

429
00:32:44.039 --> 00:32:49.440
is completely eliminated they contend with their
new AI based system. So pretty interesting.

430
00:32:49.799 --> 00:32:53.279
They also said a little They said
that that it takes humans about four

431
00:32:53.400 --> 00:32:57.519
thousand, five hundred sixty hours or
one hundred and ninety days to complete the

432
00:32:57.720 --> 00:33:00.839
entire design of a traditional CPU such
as the Intel. And they said K

433
00:33:01.119 --> 00:33:06.160
for eighty six, that's a mistake. They mean the forty six eighty four

434
00:33:06.240 --> 00:33:09.160
eighty six, which was announced by
the way in Spring Condex on April the

435
00:33:09.240 --> 00:33:15.839
tenth, nineteen eighty nine. And
that's something. And the new AI generated

436
00:33:15.920 --> 00:33:20.400
CPU of the paper states achieves an
accuracy of ninety nine point ninety nine percent

437
00:33:20.519 --> 00:33:23.480
for validation tests. That's impressive.
While the physical design of the chip uses

438
00:33:23.559 --> 00:33:30.839
scripts at sixty five nanometers technology to
generate the layout for fabrication. Now more

439
00:33:30.920 --> 00:33:36.279
reality checks here. The RISK five
three two one A chip comes with a

440
00:33:36.400 --> 00:33:42.200
frequency of three hundred mega hurts as
compared to Intel's human made basically the latest

441
00:33:42.240 --> 00:33:45.799
stuff of three point six gigahertz process
or making it slower needless to say,

442
00:33:45.839 --> 00:33:50.759
a process in computer commands. So
again we're talking about something that's just the

443
00:33:50.880 --> 00:33:53.440
beginning. Let's see how far they
can push this. And a side note,

444
00:33:53.480 --> 00:33:59.279
Today's Core I nine thirteen nine hundred
K has a base frequency of three

445
00:33:59.319 --> 00:34:02.480
point five kg hurts and a boost
for a frequency of up to five point

446
00:34:02.559 --> 00:34:07.599
three gigaherds. So when we're talking
three hundred megahurts, it's laughably less speed.

447
00:34:07.760 --> 00:34:10.079
But the implications are interesting. And
to wrap it up here, the

448
00:34:10.159 --> 00:34:15.440
researchers admit this. They're they're very
clear about this, saying CPUs made using

449
00:34:15.480 --> 00:34:20.519
AI model to perform worse than recent
processors such as the Intel Core I seven

450
00:34:21.000 --> 00:34:23.760
thirty nine thirty K, and they
planned to boost the performance. Here's where

451
00:34:23.760 --> 00:34:27.599
they're going. They plan to boost
the performance of what they call it the

452
00:34:27.719 --> 00:34:35.719
world's first automatically designed CPU by deploying
more elaborate, elaborated augmented algorithms. So

453
00:34:36.440 --> 00:34:39.400
right, you know, at the
beginning there there there are so many caveats

454
00:34:39.519 --> 00:34:45.400
that I'm surprised that they even release
this paper. But um, you know,

455
00:34:45.760 --> 00:34:49.880
like like one thing is it took
five hours, Ralph, I guarantee

456
00:34:49.880 --> 00:34:53.920
you they are. You know you
you you've prompted AI before. You kind

457
00:34:53.960 --> 00:34:55.920
of start with a prompt, you
know, and you say, you know

458
00:34:57.000 --> 00:34:59.199
you do this, you can refine
it, you can you know, say

459
00:34:59.280 --> 00:35:00.880
give me a story that does this
with this, and then like as it

460
00:35:00.960 --> 00:35:07.280
goes on, you add ad ad
ad ad, and I guarantee like from

461
00:35:07.400 --> 00:35:12.280
giving the prompt. Giving it five
hours and spitting out a result is very

462
00:35:12.320 --> 00:35:19.679
different than spending probably over a year
developing that prompt and developing its input so

463
00:35:19.800 --> 00:35:22.280
that it can give you a reasonably
good output. So even though it took

464
00:35:22.320 --> 00:35:27.000
them five hours, it really probably
took them, you know, hundreds or

465
00:35:27.159 --> 00:35:30.199
thousands of hours to even get to
this point. Uh, not just that

466
00:35:30.360 --> 00:35:32.440
five but I see what you mean. Yeah, yeah, you know,

467
00:35:32.519 --> 00:35:37.440
to develop that, to develop that
input accurately, you know, to to

468
00:35:37.599 --> 00:35:40.960
really refine it. So you know, that's one thing I'm kind of looking

469
00:35:42.000 --> 00:35:44.480
forward to, Ralph. If they
kind of get this working. Um,

470
00:35:44.960 --> 00:35:51.639
clearly you know they're gonna I'm sure
by this point the schematics for old CPUs

471
00:35:51.679 --> 00:35:55.400
are probably out there and it probably
has access to the information. I'm curious,

472
00:35:55.480 --> 00:36:00.159
Rolf, if they can use this, if they get it working well

473
00:36:00.280 --> 00:36:02.960
enough, if we can feed at
what Intel is doing right now, or

474
00:36:04.079 --> 00:36:07.480
what AMD is doing right now or
whoever, and you know, say,

475
00:36:07.599 --> 00:36:12.119
hey, is there a way that
we can improve this? And that's where

476
00:36:12.280 --> 00:36:15.000
it gets kind of exciting in the
short term, because we can you know,

477
00:36:15.119 --> 00:36:16.679
maybe the AI will be able to
say, oh, well let's try

478
00:36:16.760 --> 00:36:22.039
this, and you know, we
might get another breakthrough that is, you

479
00:36:22.119 --> 00:36:24.519
know, pretty exciting rather than just
a new CPU from the ground up that

480
00:36:24.639 --> 00:36:30.960
an AI generated who knows, but
but still very impressive and you know,

481
00:36:30.079 --> 00:36:34.960
kudos to them they this, you
know, like so much research that do

482
00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:37.719
you bring on the show, Ralph, which is perfectly you know, good,

483
00:36:37.320 --> 00:36:42.639
Um, this is step one of
step fifty. But it's an important

484
00:36:42.679 --> 00:36:45.960
step one. So yeah, right, and target with the trends part of

485
00:36:46.079 --> 00:36:52.920
my corresponded job. Absolutely, so
that story number three, Story number four,

486
00:36:52.360 --> 00:36:57.119
let's go ahead and talk about this. Um. Yeah, you know,

487
00:36:57.199 --> 00:37:02.559
starting before you traditionally save for um
medical technology and today this week is

488
00:37:02.639 --> 00:37:08.079
no different. And Medical Express what
do they have? Yeah, this is

489
00:37:08.119 --> 00:37:13.280
great Again. The source for this
story is medical express dot com website and

490
00:37:13.360 --> 00:37:17.079
in this case the story is based
on a publication from the National Institute of

491
00:37:17.159 --> 00:37:22.639
Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, so a
very very prestigious group. Here the headline

492
00:37:22.719 --> 00:37:29.840
is delivering oxygen to tumors. Really
it's more specific, delivering oxygen to cancer

493
00:37:29.960 --> 00:37:37.639
tumors may be a key in overcoming
radiation therapy resistance. Radiation therapy resistance.

494
00:37:37.760 --> 00:37:44.920
Now, cancer tumors, cancer cells
have a radiation therapy resistance issue that these

495
00:37:44.960 --> 00:37:47.039
folks are hoping to overcome. That's
the essential thing of what's going on.

496
00:37:47.159 --> 00:37:52.599
So let's get into this story.
For most of our tissues and cells in

497
00:37:52.679 --> 00:37:57.920
our body, of course, a
lack of oxygen hypoxia, that's hypoxia,

498
00:37:58.280 --> 00:38:00.519
is bad news. Well. Yeah, it's like if I didn't use my

499
00:38:00.719 --> 00:38:06.000
CPAP machine at night they tested They
tested me and said, Ralph, you

500
00:38:06.039 --> 00:38:07.760
were not breathing for well over a
minute or more and your brain is going

501
00:38:07.800 --> 00:38:10.239
to get fried. And I said, yeah, my wife can tell you

502
00:38:10.360 --> 00:38:17.360
that. So hypoxia, lacquer of
oxygen for tissues and cells is obviously not

503
00:38:17.480 --> 00:38:22.559
a good thing. Cancer cells,
this I thought was fascinating. Cancer cells,

504
00:38:22.599 --> 00:38:28.159
on the other hand, can thrive
in these hypoxic conditions, which render

505
00:38:28.280 --> 00:38:35.360
tumors less susceptible to anti cancer treatments, including radiation. That corollary there is

506
00:38:35.400 --> 00:38:37.960
really I don't profess to fully understand
the linkage there. Well, but it's

507
00:38:38.000 --> 00:38:43.840
interesting. Yeah. The I mean, what immediately jumps to mind is if

508
00:38:43.880 --> 00:38:47.519
there's no oxygen you know, going
there, there's just less you know,

509
00:38:47.679 --> 00:38:53.159
kind of not transition, there's less
like transaction between other cell there's there's less

510
00:38:53.239 --> 00:38:58.679
oxygen, less blood flu less movement
of fluids and things like that. So

511
00:38:58.760 --> 00:39:02.039
when you get your radiation treatment and
you don't have that exchange that's happening as

512
00:39:02.159 --> 00:39:05.920
much as other cells, so it's
more resistant. You know, Ralphie,

513
00:39:05.960 --> 00:39:09.000
you're just not doing as many you're
not moving as much, you know,

514
00:39:09.159 --> 00:39:14.199
medication, oxygen, blood an exactly, So that's harder to get there.

515
00:39:14.480 --> 00:39:17.320
Right. Yeah, So again,
this new research may offer a way to

516
00:39:17.360 --> 00:39:23.199
break through cancer's hypoxia induced defenses.
Just fascinating, I thought. So.

517
00:39:23.320 --> 00:39:29.760
A team of researchers at Thomas Jefferson
University and Drexel University. This team has

518
00:39:29.800 --> 00:39:37.360
devised a strategy strategy pardon me,
that combines ultrasound with microL bubbles to deliver

519
00:39:37.679 --> 00:39:44.159
oxygen and cancer drugs to tumors.
So it's this supercombo of oxygen and cancer

520
00:39:44.239 --> 00:39:49.559
drugs to bombard the cancer's tumors.
The results of their study published it published

521
00:39:49.599 --> 00:39:53.440
in an outlet called Pharmaceutics, indicate
that the method tested in mice, good

522
00:39:53.440 --> 00:39:58.679
old mice, and rats thank you
again, and pigs caused tumors to become

523
00:39:58.760 --> 00:40:04.599
more valuable or pardon me, cause
tumors to become more vulnerable to radiation therapy,

524
00:40:04.800 --> 00:40:09.599
resulting in slowed tumor growth and increased
survival of the patient. The researchers

525
00:40:09.639 --> 00:40:15.760
suggests that with further development, their
approach could be used to enhance the effectiveness

526
00:40:15.559 --> 00:40:22.400
of radiation therapy in the clinic for
a variety of cancers. And then it

527
00:40:22.159 --> 00:40:25.239
goes on to say, here,
hold on a second. According to John

528
00:40:25.719 --> 00:40:31.239
Eisenbray, PhD, an associate professor
of radiology at Thomas Jefferson University, quote,

529
00:40:32.000 --> 00:40:37.039
at the moment, there's very little
we can do on the clinical side

530
00:40:37.320 --> 00:40:42.400
to overcome hypoxia. Again, that's
the lack of oxygen for radiation therapy,

531
00:40:42.599 --> 00:40:47.360
despite it being well known and a
documented limitation. The hope is that a

532
00:40:47.519 --> 00:40:53.960
more localized, more aggressive targeting of
hypoxia like we've done here will overcome some

533
00:40:54.199 --> 00:40:59.960
of that. And then finally,
Margaret Wheatley, a PhD, a professor

534
00:41:00.079 --> 00:41:05.159
or a biomedical engineering at Drexel University, added quote, Whenever I say we're

535
00:41:05.239 --> 00:41:09.559
delivering oxygen to tumors, a lot
of people say, well, that's crazy,

536
00:41:10.039 --> 00:41:14.960
You're going to encourage them to grow. That's a natural lay person for

537
00:41:15.039 --> 00:41:19.199
me too. I've thought that initially
as well, giving them asources. Is

538
00:41:19.199 --> 00:41:21.480
that good? Yeah? Yeah,
how is that good? Well, it

539
00:41:21.559 --> 00:41:25.039
turns out it's something that cancer doesn't
like. But radiation therapy, which prevents

540
00:41:25.280 --> 00:41:30.599
cancer cells from replicating, requires an
ample supply of oxygen close by to be

541
00:41:30.679 --> 00:41:34.920
effective, she explained. And again, friends, I don't profess to fully

542
00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:37.079
understand this. I just love it, though, because it's another example of

543
00:41:37.159 --> 00:41:43.519
how the war against cancer is being
fought twenty four hour hours a day,

544
00:41:43.599 --> 00:41:45.960
seven days a week around the globe. And we are going to get there

545
00:41:46.079 --> 00:41:50.719
someday. I swear we will.
That We'll leave you with an optimistic note

546
00:41:50.760 --> 00:41:53.880
even if I don't fully understand it. No, we absolutely will. And

547
00:41:54.079 --> 00:41:59.639
you know it, really, it's
just these little breakthroughs in the treatment.

548
00:41:59.679 --> 00:42:02.000
You know, more effective therapy is
just ten percent here, five percent there.

549
00:42:02.280 --> 00:42:06.119
You know, better odds of living
another year, you know, little

550
00:42:06.159 --> 00:42:08.840
by little, eventually you know,
someone with cancer it's not a death sentence

551
00:42:08.840 --> 00:42:13.440
anymore. It's just something that you
have to get treated. So you know,

552
00:42:13.639 --> 00:42:20.280
this is another one. And definitely
you know, ultrasonic micro oxygen bubbles.

553
00:42:20.280 --> 00:42:22.159
I didn't see it coming, Ralph, but you know, I never

554
00:42:22.239 --> 00:42:24.480
really do with our segments here.
So ladies, gentlemen, if you want

555
00:42:24.519 --> 00:42:29.039
to find out more Computer America,
we have a whole section dedicated to Ralph

556
00:42:29.119 --> 00:42:32.800
and his segments and everyone until next
time. Every Friday we'll catch it then

557
00:42:34.199 --> 00:42:35.119
bye everyone, have you going