This is Spacetime Series twenty seven, Episode seventeen, for broadcast on the seventh
of February twenty twenty four. Coming up on Spacetime, confirmation of an ancient
lake on Mars builds more excitement for the Perseverance Rovers sample returns a strange new
type of hypothetical celestial object that might just be real, and Rocket Lab starts
off what's promising to be a busy new year with a successful post of recovery.
All that and more coming up on Spacetime. Welcome to Space Time with
Stuart Gary. If life ever existed on the Red planet, NASA is Mars
Perseverance Rovers verification of lake sediments at the base of Jezro reinforces the hope that
traces of ancient organisms might well be found there. A report of the journal
Science Advances shows that at some point the crater did fill with water, depositing
layers of sediment on the crater floor. Now, the lake ultimately shrank,
and the sediments carried downstream by a river that fed it ultimately formed an enormous
delta. As the lake dissipated over time, these sediments in the crater were
eroded, forming the geologic features visible on the surface today. The studies of
lead author David Page from the University of California, Los Angeles, says that
from orbit, we can see a bunch of different deposits, but we can
tell for sure if what we're seeing is their original state, or if we
actually see the conclusion of a long geological story. Paige says, to tell
how these things formed, we need to see below the surface, and that's
where the CARSI six World Mass Perseverance rover comes in. It carries seven scientific
instruments which have been exploring the fifty kilometer wide crater, studying its geology and
atmosphere, and collecting samples ever since its arrival on Mars back in twenty twenty
one. It's hoped that Perseverances rock and soul samples will eventually be brought back
to Earth by a future sample return mission that's currently stated for some time between
twenty twenty nine and twenty thirty as a joint US European endeavor. Once safely
in the big laboratories on Earth, these samples will be carefully studied for evidence
of past Martian life. It's been a busy time for Perseverance between me and
December twenty twenty two, the rover drove from the crater floor up onto the
delta itself, a vast expanse of three billion year old sediments that from orbit
at least resembles river deltas seen on Earth. As the rover drove under the
delta, Perseverances radar image of fired radar waves downwards at ten centimeter intervals.
In the process, it measured pulses being reflected back from depths of around twenty
tie made us below the surface. With the radar, scientists can see down
to the base of the sediments, revealing the top surface of the buried crater
floor. Years of research with ground penetrating radar and testing of Perseverance's radar imager
on Earth have taught scientists how to read the structure and composition of the subsurface
layers from their radar reflections. The resulting subsurface images show rocklas that can be
interpreted like a highway road cart. The crater floor below. The data isn't
uniformly flat. That suggests a period of erosion occurred prior to the deposition of
lake sediments. The radar images also show these sediments of regular and horizontal just
like sediments deposited in lakes here on Earth. The existence of lake sediments has
been suspected from previous studies, but this has now been confirmed by this new
research. A second period of deposition occurred when fluctuations in the lake level allowed
the river to deposit a broad delta that once extended far out into the lake,
but has now been eroded back closer to the river's mouth. Paide says
the changes we'll see preserved in the rock record are being driven by large scale
changes in the Martian environment. This space time still to come, a strange
new type of hypothetical celestial object that just might be real, and Rocket Lab
starts off a busy year in New Zealand with a successful booster recovery. All
that and more still to come on space time. Okay, let's take a
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and on our website. And now it's back to our show. You're listening
to Space Time Space Time with Stuart Garry. One of the more fascinating celestial
objects theorized but yet to be discovered, is the hypothetical Sinestia, and the
search continues to try and find them. Planetary scientists Simon Locke from Harvard University
and Sarah Stewart from the University of California Davis described the Sinestia as a huge,
spinning, doughnut shaped mass of hot vaporized rock formed as planet sized objects
crash into each other, and Stuart says that at some point early in its
history, the Earth itself was likely Sinestia. Their study which was reported in
the Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets looked at how planets can form from a
series of giant impacts. Our current theories of planet formation or that rocky planets
such as the Earth, Mars, and Venus formed early in the existence of
our Solar system around four point six billion years ago. Initially it was coalescing
gas and dust. Then as these things built up, small grains, rocks,
and pebbles started to come along. That accretion process continued until full sized
planets like the Earth today with a result. Now, these collisions, especially
the big ones, can be so violent that the resulting bodies are melted and
partially vaporized, eventually cooling and solidifying into the roughly spherical planets we see today.
Lock and Stewart were especially interested in collisions between spinning objects. See a
rotating object is angular momentum, and this needs to be considered in a collision.
I guess it's sort of like a skater spinning on ice. If the
skater extends their arms, it'll slow their rate of spin, and if they
want to spin faster, they hold their arms close to their body. But
throughout this process the angular momentum remains the same. Now, consider two skaters
turning on ice. If they catch hold of each other, the angular momentum
of each adds together, so their total angular momentum must be the same.
Like in Stewart modeled what happens when the ice skaters are instead Earth sized rocky
planets colliding with these large objects having both high energy and high angular momentum.
The authors found that over a range of high temperatures and high angular momentum,
planet sized bodies could form a new, much larger structure, an indented disk,
much like a red blood cell or a doughnut with a center filled in.
This object would be mostly vaporized rock with no liquid or solid surface.
They've decided to name this new object from sin meaning together, and Hestia,
the Greek goddess of architecture and structures. The key to a Sinestius formation would
be that some of the structure's material needs to actually go into orbit. See
in a spinning solid sphere, every point from the core of the surface is
rotating at the same rate. But in a giant impact, the material of
the planet can become malten or gaseous and expand in volume. Now, if
the object gets big enough and is moving fast enough, parts of the object
pass the velocity needed to keep a satellite in orbit, and that's when it
forms a huge, disc shaped sinestia. Now, previous theories have suggested that
giant impacts of my course that's to form a disk of solid or molten materials
surrounding the planet, But for the same massive planet, a sinestia would be
much larger than a solid planet with a disc. Stuart says most planets likely
experienced collisions that could form a sinestia at some point during formation. For an
object like the Earth, a sinestia wouldn't last a long time, perhaps just
one hundred years or so before it lost enough heat to can dense back into
a solid object. But sinestia is formed from larger, hotter objects such as
gas giants or stars, who potentially last much longer. And when you think
about it, the sinestia structure also offers new ways to think about how the
Moon was formed. Earth's moon is remarkably similar to the Earth and composition,
and most current theories about how the Moon formed involved the giant impact theory,
where around four and a half billion years ago, there was a massive collision
between the early proto Earth and a small Mars sized object about a third the
size of the Earth, which scientists of dubbed THEA. This impact would have
melted birth bodies into a giant mag moration, and some of this material was
ejected into space, eventually orbiting around the body and cooling in accreting to form
the Moon. But the authors say such an impact could have instead formed the
sinestia in which the Earth and Moon birth condensed. The problem is no one's
yet observed the sinestia directly, that they might be found in other solar systems.
We've just got to keep looking. I'm antually scientist Simon O'Toole, who
wasn't involved in the study. It's an interesting idea and a new type of
planetary object to look for. So basically it's this kind of body that you
get immediately after the collision between two planets as we currently understand them, two
planet sized objects. So part of this is driven by the formation how the
Earth Moon form. The basic ideas that you had two planet three science objects
that collided. They've done some theoretical calculations where they've done all these They based
collided two planet three mass objects together and to see what would happen, and
one of the outcome seems to be that you get rather than getting to an
Earth and a moon like we have, is you get sort of this very
large doughnut of hot vaporized rock that is sort of spinning around, very very
large, much bigger than say the actual two planets, because you've got this
said vaporized rock in a sort of Astronomers would probably call it a taurus,
which is really a fancy name for a doughnut, and you'd have some central
region which was more dense, and then this vaporized sort of this cloud of
material going around in a donut shape around the outside, and it probably doesn't
have a very long life span, probably on the hundreds of the order of
hundreds of years before it either disperses away into space or condenses into something like
the moon. So it sort of fits in a little bit with the trends
like you could imagine as a transition period between two Earth sized planets and an
Earth and a moon. You know, angular momentum is the key here in
these sorts of situations. We don't really understand angular menums very well in my
opinion, So it's a very very interesting idea. This Sinestia idea. I'm
not really keen on the name Sinestia, but you know, it is what
it is. But I like the concepts that it could happen. The one
key part here is this is very very theoretical. No one has observed anything
that looks like this, and that's in part because it's very very difficult because
the scale here is still only a little bit larger than a planet, maybe
out to the orbit of the Moon or a bit beyond. So it's very
very difficult to observe this kind of thing. Is really just a fat ring.
Well, I'd say that the rings are more likely the debris left over
from the formation of the planet's moon. So the planet itself formed at the
center, and then there's a whole lot of other material around the outside,
and then it gradually accreted into the various moons, and then there were any
sort of leftover material went into the rings. All of course, Saturn is
a little bit different because it's in fact fed a geyza from one of its
moons and the rings are continuously being renewed. But certainly, yeah, I
think that any ring structure is quite different to this, because there even if
you had a collision. Although I think when we've looked at comets and that
sort of thing that has collided into Jupiter run into Jupiter, they've basically been
just destroyed completely. But that's because you have a very large thing with a
very very small thing, whereas in this scenario you're looking at Earth's five objects,
you're looking at something like Mars and something like Earth that sort of ballpark
colliding and they're very rocky. So the I think that has a big impact
on the outcome. So this really means that the existence of a Seinesia would
depend very much upon which eventual model of planetary formation turns out to be correct.
Yeah, it does, it does. I mean I sort of feel
like the various models of planet formation probably occur, just depends on their initial
conditions. So that's a hunch. I wouldn't call that a you know,
backed up by anything, but my hunch is that they both will work in
the right scenario. The two models are planetry accretion model is basically where the
star m at the center of a very large cloud of gas and any other
material, rock, whatever, and it forms. You have this very large
collapse of material, and then you get the nuclear emission same of your star,
and then any material left over starts rotating around that star, starts orbiting
it, and then eventually you get little impacts and collisions. But the bits
of material there, the rock and gas and ice and whatever, collide and
stick together, and gradually crete become larger and larger, and they as they
become larger, they attract more material, and so they eventually become what you
would call planetesimals or a small planet, and they get bigger and bigger and
bigger. And in the case of gas giants, the idea is you might
have some dense core of material, but then you get gas that just gets
sort of drawn to it and it creeds onto that. In the case of
the terrestrial planets, the rocky planet, it's dust, rock and maybe ice
and that kind of thing, but the ice is obviously going to be vaporized,
and so you just have this molten thing because they say collide. As
all of the bits and pieces collide, they get very very hot, and
so that sort of does feed into this sinesteria idea in the sense that you
have these two hot things that collide and then they view out this large amount
of what vaporized rock The other model is the gravitational instability model of planet formation,
and that's much more where rather than the accretion you have, it forms
it's a little bit more like star formation. You get regions of high density
that sort of collapse in on themselves. And I think that my personal Once
again, it's more a hunch, but I think that that might match brown
dwarfs a little bit batter. Yeah, the latest evidence we're getting from jets
coming out of brown dwarfs almost a light year on indicate that the that model
may well be correct, at least for brown dwarfs sort of fill that gap
between the largest planets and the smaller stars. Yeah, and so, and
that actually changes our ideas of a brown You know, if something like Jupiter
a failed star or a failed brown dwarf, because if it formed through an
accretion mechanism rather than gravitational instability, then it's probably more just a large,
a very large planet, whereas a Brown Dworf that formed potentially by the gravitational
instability is much more like a failed star. That's doctor Simon o'till from Acquarie
University, And this is space time still to come. Rocket Labs starts off
what looks like a busy year with a successful booster recovery, and later in
the science report, a computer human interface chip has been successfully planted in the
human volunteer's brain. All that and more still to come on Space Time rocket
Lab has started the new year off with a successful Electron launch and booster recovery.
The four of its kind mission was launched from Rocket Labs Launch Complex one
on the Mahaia Peninsula of New Zealand's North Island. On board the eighteen meter
tour launcher were four situational Awheness satellites for Spire Global. They're designed to monitor
what's an increasingly congested area of Nearer Space from a five round and thirty kilometer
a high orbit. Because pwer they have to us is green. Stage one
in Stage two tanks or press per flight, have clunge and burridges enabled ten
nine, eight, seven, six, five, four three two one,
and we have the topic. Electron has successfully lifted off from Rocket Labs Launch
Complex one with its Spire and north Star payload the rocket. It's on its
way to lower orbit with those four satellites on board. Now t plus forty
seconds into flight, Electron has begun its pitch over moving up and on an
angle to head away from the launch pad and out over the ocean. Now
all is looking nominal so far as the rocket approaches maxque. The moment in
a scent when Electron experiences the maximum amount of aerodynamic pressure, spersonic approach and
nextqueue clear. Nextqueue. The rocket is now sixteen kilometers in nulstitude and moving
at over two thousand kilometers an hour. Next up for Electron is MIKO our
main engine cutoff quickly followed by stage separation and the startup of the Rutherford engine
on that second stage to continue the mission to orbit. The nine engines of
the first stage will throttle down and then shut off just before the first and
second stages separate from each other. When that happens, the second stage with
the Spire satellites will maintain its orbital trajectory and continue on with the mission,
while the first stage of Electron will begin its reorientation maneuver to position itself for
the return journey to Ears. Now these four events happen in quick succession and
are coming up shortly fifteen seconds to staging into Bernard detechnod MECO confirmed that's confirmation
of Migo stage stuff and Rutherford engine ignition on stage two. Stage two propulsion
nominal faring jettison succeeded. That was the call for faring jettison on the second
stage. That means Electron's nose cone has successfully split apart and fallen away,
and we do this in preparation for deploying the kickstage with its satellites and to
get rid of the dead weight of the fairing. Now that we are through
Earth's atmosphere, electrons Stage one trajectory is on its way to the highest point
of its momentum arc and once it reaches this apergy, the stage's trajectory line
should start to come down as its altitude begins to drop to that movement of
the booster as it redirects to come back to Earth bottom heavy that way,
the engines bear the brunt of the re entry forces rather than shredding the carbon
composite at the top of the stage. The stage will move quickly as it
is pulled back to Earth by gravity, and at its peak, the first
stage will reach around eight times the speed of sound and generate so much friction
that we could see a red orange glow from the heat as it descends.
It is t plus four minutes and thirty three seconds into the mission and electrons
second stage, carrying today's payloads remains on course for paload deployment within the hour.
Now that second stage is clocking speeds up more than ten thousand kilometers an
hour, having now passed one hundred and seventy four kilometers in altitude for electrons
first stage on its return journey back to Earth. We have had the stage
reach its apergy, flip into its atmosphere re entry position, and begin dropping
in altitude as it speeds up on its homeward bound trajectory. It will travel
this way for a few minutes before its droke and main parachutes are deployed to
help slow it down a little different than what you're used to from our previous
launches, but this is due to the implementation of beast or our electrical arc
suppression system, which ensures all electronics on board can function nominally, the addition
of a nitrogen tank that maintains pressure within this stage. We're now listening to
hear the call from mission control for a battery hot swap. This hot swap
maneuver will allow the continuous energy supply to the Rutherford Engines electric pumps which deliver
fuel to the engine's combustion chamber at extremely high pressure. Hot swop successful a
good call from mission control. Electrons second stage has completed the battery hot swap.
The second stage is maintaining its momentum at more than fifteen thousand kilometers an
hour now past two hundred kilometers in altitude, and we are currently at T
plus six minutes thirty nine seconds into the mission. And the next critical milestone
we are tracking is the deployment of the drug chuote on electrons. First stage
AFTS has safe confirmed drugue deploy We have the drogue parachute. It has been
deployed from that first stage of electron. We heard that call from mission control,
so that seems like a nominal drug chute deployed since we haven't heard anything
different from our operators. That means we'll move next to the main parachute deploy
coming up in around thirty seconds. Main parachute deploying HVB Bettery discharge holding nomenal
another grade color from mission control. The main parachute on electrons first stage has
successfully deployed. This means the booster's pace will have slowed down significantly and should
now be drifting gently towards the ocean. It's expected to take around ten minutes
for the booster to reach the water surface, but will keep the comms channels
up from mission control to share updates as they come through burnout to Techno God
twenty six seconds from maining. Now back to the primary mission, and we
are coming up on the final few seconds of Stage two engine burn We will
then have second engine cutoff or seacoat, which shuts down the engine ahead of
the kickstage separating for its phasing orbit of Earth, and we're listening out for
those events now. Seek confirmed TISTE ceparation confirmed. Great news from mission control.
With that second stage engine cold and the kickstage separated, we are now
in the final stages of this four of a kind mission. The kickstage and
Spire and North Star satellites are now in a coast phase around Earth. After
that elliptical orbit of Earth is complete, then the kickstages engine will light up
to set the stage and the satellites on a circular orbit before payload deployment.
The four of a Kind mission was the forty third launch of the Electron rocket,
which is so far successfully placed one hundred and seventy six satellites into orbit
since their first flight back in twenty seventeen. Twenty twenty four looks like being
a busy year for Rocketline. They've announced an ambitious launch schedule, with more
flights than any previous year. The impressive manifest includes launches from both New Zealand
and the United States. Among the many payloads will be new packages for NASA
hypersonic technology tests and block launches for satellite operators such as Black Sky, Sinspective,
and Keenness. In order to achieve its program, rocket Lab wants to
start recovering and refurbishing previously used rocket launches. Consequently, the Electron first stage
booster used for the for Va Kind mission was recovered from the sea by rocket
Lab following the core stages parachute guided return to the surface and splashed down.
The latest on recovery is that all is continuing as planned for Electrons first stage
and its slow descend to the ocean. Our recovery crew are on standby and
the recovery zone waiting for that splashdown before they can move in and get to
work. Confirmed Stage one splash down Electrons first stage has just successfully splashed down
in the ocean after its return journey from space. The Electron recovery team are
making their way to the stage in the water. They're about ten minutes or
so out. They'll complete safety checks and an initial assessment of the stages conditioned
before they attempt to bring it on deck of the recovery ship. Recovery vessels
inbound approximately twelve minutes and they have eyes on the stage in the water.
We also have a solid telemetry feed from the stage as well and a further
update on Stage one. Stage one altitude is zero and speeder is also zero
and Stage one is safe. Both tanks are depressurized. Recovery vessels still inbound.
Recovery vessel is switching to retrieval operations preparation confirm visual on the stage and
then it's floating well. Curry cardlass he to schedule to a nettle and this
is recovery. We have visual confirmation stage is intact and floating heavily, and
from here our recovery team will hoist the stage on board the recovery vessel ready
for the trip back to our production facility and maybe, just maybe it might
just get a second trip to space a Wes Spain. We have had a
perfect mission so far, delivered today's payloads to a five hundred and thirty kilometer
lower orbit, its smooth operations for electron recovery as as ours electron cleared the
pad at launched Complex one at nineteen thirty four New Zealand local time and sawed
cleanly through its first launch milestones that's max q MIKO stage separation and second stage
ignition, and shortly after that the rocket completed a successful battery hot swap for
its Stage two engine before the Rutherford shut down as planned for kickstage separation.
While all of that was going on, we have of course had a secondary
mission underway to bring electrons first stage back to Earth from space. After a
clean separation of the first stage after Migo, the booster had a great return
journey through its atmosphere, with successful operation of its onboard reaction control thrusters to
correct the stage's return trajectory. Falling fast, the first stage hit peak speeds
of about eight times the speed of sound and some intensely high temperatures from atmospheric
drag. Having survived that hard and fast journey, we had successful deployment of
the first day pages two parachutes to help slow Electron down to just ten meters
per second. Electron has since successfully splashed down, and our team are deep
in recovery mode to pull that booster out of the water and up on deck.
Once it is on board, they'll de salt the vehicle as much as
they can to preserve the stage for its trip home to land and to the
factory. Right now that we are just seconds away from Curey Engines shut down
on Electrons kickstage and the beginning of the payload deployment process. Currie Engine cut
off confirmed after two five fine thirty one point two kilometers five fine twenty nine
point eight kilometers inclination of ninety seven point four line zero requests good Colm's permission
control. There that Carrie Engine has shut down ahead of payload deployment in the
next thirty seconds. Payload one on Payload two deployment confirmed. There we go.
The first two of four Lemur satellites have been deployed from the kickstage.
Let's keep a closer out for the second deployment milestone, sending the last two
satellites for this mission. After work in LEO Payload three M payload for deployment
confirmed that was mission control would the good news, we have successfully deployed all
four of Spire and All Star satellites to orbit, and with that we have
completed the primary mission for our forty third electronic launch. Rocket Lab's also been
experimenting with using helicopters to try and catch these boosters on their way down while
they're still in the air, but that's proving to be far more difficult than
they thought. This is Space time, and time now for another brief look
at some of the other stories making news in science this week with the Science
Report, A new study claims that men who improve their fitness could be reducing
their risk of getting prostate cancer. The findings are reported in the British Journal
of Sports Medicine. Looked at the incidents of prostate cancer in a group of
fifty seven, six hundred and fifty two men whose cardio respiratory fitness has been
tested using a stationary cycle at least twice over an average follow up of nearly
seven years. The authors found those whose fitness that improved by three percent or
more per year with thirty five percent less likely to develop prostate cancer than those
whose fitness declined over time. Right now, there's little research on how one's
fitness over time impacts one's risk of prostate cancer. And while this study was
purely observational and therefore can't prove that fitness levels cause or change prostate cancer risk,
the researchers said that their results at least suggest that working on your fitness
could help improve your odds anyway it certainly couldn't hurt. Scientists have produced the
most comprehensive and complete catch genome assembly ever achieved, in the process providing fundamental
information on the fee line blueprint. The detailed DNA sequence, which has been
reported in the journal Nature, highlights distinct genetic changes and will be a crucial
tool for researchers investigating feline diseases and characteristics. Interestingly, the study identified fewer
segmental duplications, that is, duplicated blocks of genomic DNA incats compared to other
mammal groups. These insights are crucial for those studying feline diseases, behavior,
and conservation. A new study is found that small dog breeds such as Chihuahuas
and Pomeranians are likely to have less risk of developing cancer than bigger breeds.
The findings were reported in the Journal of the Raw Society. Open Science found
that larger breeds tend to have higher cancer risks, although the risk drops in
the largest breeds because they tend to have shorter lifespans and so simply may not
be living long enough to develop cancer. The study also found that some dog
breeds, such as the flat coated Retriever, the Scottish Terrier, Burmese mountain
dogs, and the ball massif at cancer risks above what you'd expect for a
bit of their size. Interestingly, the study also found that inbreeding whish own
to shortened dog's lifespans, but in general did not increase the cancer risk.
Elon Musk has confirmed that his neuralin company has for the first time, successfully
implanted a computer human interface chip into the brain of a human volunteer. The
US Food and Drug Administration gave permission for the company to undertake the procedure,
or what's called a wireless brain computer interface, in order to evaluate both the
safety of the implant and the procedure, which uses a surgical robot. The
study will assess the functionality of the interface, which enables people with quadriplegia or
paralysis of all four limbs to control a computer, cursor or keyboard with just
their thoughts. The implant's ultrafying threads helped transmit signals in a participant sprain.
The unique procedure uses a robot to surgically implant the brain computer the interface into
a region of the brain which controls the intention to move. Mask says the
initial results so promising neuron spike detection. Spikes are activities in neurons, the
cells which use electrical and chemical signals to send information around the brain and throughout
the body. Well. The details were joined by technology editor Alexharov Rout from
tech Advice Start Life. NEURALLYNK is his company that is creating a robotically implanted
brain control interface and it's very precisely implanted into the brain. And Elon Musk
was implanting these implants into chimpanzees before there was a scandal where one of them
died. But originally this was designed for people who are quadriplegic, paraplegic,
have some sort of injuries that come with their links, and this will give
them effectively the ability to use the foot, they can type things, they
can control my well, bone control devices and for somebody who's locked in syndrome
or you need this sort of technology. It's obviously going to be a real
life saper. Now will people misuse it and want to do what Bradley could
we did in the movie Limitless and take some sort of a drug. In
this case, it's an infantable people technology that will improve their dexterity and their
memory and their processing power. Into the future, all of that will be
the bionic man, the cyberman, you know, transhumanism, Yeah, but
also the transhumanism movement where every human will be connected and connected to some sort
of high mind. I mean, all of that is possible. Obviously,
we don't want any of the bad things that that could entail just at the
moment. Of course, it's just for those people who can't be helped in
any other way. And the news is that the very first human implanted device
has successfully taken place. Look, I'm sure there's going to be more of
these sorts of trials, more results. We will see people on stage who
will be you know, thinking or controlling devices just with the power of thought
alone. And it's interesting to think that you know, human kind of had
the concept of telekinesis, and of course we have the idea of the force
and most kids would have you tried reaching out for the fourth I know when
I was watching Star Wars, I try to reach out. May have done
it too, you know, Yes, unfortunately nothing ever happens. Ever,
no, these you're looking for so really quite annointing shame. But one day
this may be something that technology allows you. Just looks. The idea of
humans merging with technology has been around for millennia. I guess it's been happening
slowly over the last fifty years, and this is just the next step it
is. And twenty of people have pacemakers. So look, this is still
nat technologies very early days. Yet we only have the official word from you
or must first input has been successful. There's still years decades of development to
come. But one day getting a chipping your brain or body may become utterly
routine and we may not even think twice about it. That's Alex Saharavroyd from
Tech Advice, Start Life, and that's the show for now. Spacetime is
available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through Apple Podcasts, iTunes, Stitcher,
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