WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.840 --> 00:00:04.759 For your seven billion dollars. You already called me twice that there are risks 2 00:00:05.000 --> 00:00:09.759 of ninety percent. They are SMEs that generate 80%. Give me twenty 3 00:00:09.800 --> 00:00:12.839 minutes of your time and I, in return, give you information on the 4 00:00:12.960 --> 00:00:18.039 most relevant issues in foreign trade, tax and customs with a human touch and 5 00:00:18.519 --> 00:00:26.359 let' s traik a podcast of TVs in Magas and Mexico Hello how good 6 00:00:26.480 --> 00:00:30.039 afternoons are welcome. Let' s barter as it is at a telese event 7 00:00:30.079 --> 00:00:33.280 Magas and Mexico. Well, then, I' m very pleased. See 8 00:00:33.520 --> 00:00:36.640 you here, Alejandra, that you are making a rouquee with us, especially 9 00:00:36.759 --> 00:00:41.320 with a subject that, in truth, I mean, I heard it and 10 00:00:41.399 --> 00:00:45.520 I read it And the truth is that with so many changes that are happening 11 00:00:45.600 --> 00:00:50.600 both in Mexico and internationally. I believe that the geopolitics and foreign trade that 12 00:00:50.600 --> 00:00:53.560 you are going to accompany us to this day is very important. So good 13 00:00:53.640 --> 00:00:57.679 also to welcome Dr Maximo Carvajal Doctor how you are welcome to barter to the 14 00:00:57.759 --> 00:01:03.239 view Antonio Carballida as well and to all those who connected both on social networks 15 00:01:03.319 --> 00:01:11.200 as today. I' m very happy to welcome you for a hello track. 16 00:01:11.280 --> 00:01:15.159 Thank you very much. Thank you, Daniela, thank you, Doctor, 17 00:01:15.439 --> 00:01:19.040 and good afternoon to all of you, and six months I was not 18 00:01:19.040 --> 00:01:23.799 with you. It' s really been a little bit of a complex year. 19 00:01:23.879 --> 00:01:27.879 Last year was complicated, but this one started leaving anyway. But it 20 00:01:29.000 --> 00:01:34.599 ' s always a privilege. He wants to be with you, sharing information 21 00:01:34.200 --> 00:01:41.400 and also listening to experiences from others. Thank you so much, Alexy. 22 00:01:41.480 --> 00:01:44.480 Good to give you the floor. I would like to read your face and, 23 00:01:44.640 --> 00:01:49.760 above all, thank you because your experience, the truth, brings us 24 00:01:49.840 --> 00:01:52.159 a lot and we are very happy that you connect with us to make an 25 00:01:52.159 --> 00:01:57.599 an here. Alejandro Mayor is a graduate of the technical market of the Instituto 26 00:01:57.680 --> 00:02:01.239 Tecnológico de Chihuahua, specializing in business English from the TEC of Monterrey and Financial 27 00:02:01.599 --> 00:02:06.920 Law Studies from the Autonomous University of Chihuahua and High Management from the Es Banking 28 00:02:07.000 --> 00:02:12.240 and Commercial School. Director of DK Compañas para la Región de Américas at Flex 29 00:02:12.439 --> 00:02:16.080 Manufacture, responsible for managing business compliance program for Canada, Mexico Costa Rica, 30 00:02:16.360 --> 00:02:22.400 Brazil and with special focus on where in the United States, including export control. 31 00:02:23.199 --> 00:02:27.840 TRAK Oflscience' s ISA program has more than twenty years of experience in 32 00:02:27.879 --> 00:02:31.599 international regulatory compliance, enforcement, customs and logistics. He has worked in manufacturing 33 00:02:31.599 --> 00:02:38.000 companies such as Emerson Electric, Vision Automotive and Fort Motors, foreign trade services 34 00:02:38.039 --> 00:02:43.560 and consultancy companies such as Jippy Morganches Pastera who now s Livingstone and logistics companies 35 00:02:43.639 --> 00:02:46.960 Rider Systems and bax Global Shenker, mainly in Mexico, the United States and 36 00:02:47.000 --> 00:02:53.199 Latin America. He has collaborated with some associations of maquiladoras and exporters as part 37 00:02:53.240 --> 00:02:55.479 of the customs committees of Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Reinosa and Ciudad parez and 38 00:02:55.520 --> 00:03:00.759 is currently a member of the Trader Compliance Committee of work cooplass Station Capítulo México 39 00:03:00.199 --> 00:03:05.560 and is also a member of the Exports and Operation Committee as part of the 40 00:03:05.599 --> 00:03:10.000 internal competition indes Pressosstation in the California Valley of u of Silicon Valley. Well, 41 00:03:10.400 --> 00:03:15.360 Alejandro, thank you so much for joining us today and I' ll 42 00:03:15.680 --> 00:03:17.719 leave you well and I' ll give you the Community to do a trick. 43 00:03:19.919 --> 00:03:23.159 Thank you. Thank you, everyone, for I am going to you. 44 00:03:23.360 --> 00:03:30.560 I prepared for you today an issue that, as it has lately been 45 00:03:30.680 --> 00:03:39.120 very much in our minds for everything we have lived through perhaps since two thousand 46 00:03:39.159 --> 00:03:43.800 and eighteen, may be when the trade war between the United States and China 47 00:03:43.800 --> 00:03:51.080 began. And for some who were there, they have been more surprising, 48 00:03:51.240 --> 00:03:57.520 because the whole issue of Pakistan and all the crises we have been dealing with. 49 00:03:57.560 --> 00:04:01.400 But lately, more so with the issue of Ukraine' s war with 50 00:04:01.560 --> 00:04:08.199 Russia and it term, which, in particular, I find very interesting and 51 00:04:08.360 --> 00:04:14.639 very relevant, which is geopolitics. Let me share with you here the material 52 00:04:16.600 --> 00:04:27.800 we prepare. Well, well, look at geopolitics, it' s not 53 00:04:27.800 --> 00:04:30.120 the opposite. Whatever we might think. It' s not a new term. 54 00:04:30.680 --> 00:04:38.920 Geopolitics is even a discipline and a school of a kind of doctrine that, 55 00:04:39.879 --> 00:04:47.600 for some scholars of the subject, has its origins from one thousand eight 56 00:04:47.639 --> 00:04:54.680 hundred to the end of one thousand eight hundred of the nineteenth century, when 57 00:04:54.720 --> 00:04:59.360 this theme of the industrial revolution began to be given and mass or serial production 58 00:04:59.439 --> 00:05:09.000 began to expand. For others it has to do with the doctrines of trusted 59 00:05:10.439 --> 00:05:16.439 political scientists early in the 20th century, although since more detail and more popularized, 60 00:05:16.560 --> 00:05:23.079 it was formalized following the great depression of one thousand nine hundred and thirty 61 00:05:23.079 --> 00:05:28.879 and, obviously, it had its boiling or its highest point during the Second 62 00:05:28.959 --> 00:05:34.720 World War. There are records that geopolitics as such, as it was used 63 00:05:34.839 --> 00:05:40.360 both by the Nazis, the Nazi Party, and by the allied countries, 64 00:05:40.800 --> 00:05:47.480 both to give perception and this sort of good against bad. I am right, 65 00:05:47.839 --> 00:05:53.480 and the others are not And obviously, so, everything that flourished after 66 00:05:54.120 --> 00:05:58.439 World War II, all that whole period of the famous Cold War that the 67 00:05:58.519 --> 00:06:03.399 seventies where he left were made two branches of geopolitics than the school to the 68 00:06:03.560 --> 00:06:09.160 critical geopolitics, this by an English who is called Cost Island and the French 69 00:06:10.639 --> 00:06:21.600 School of Peter Taylor East, who basically established the following. No, no, 70 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 71 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 72 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 73 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 74 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 75 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 76 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 77 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 78 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 79 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 80 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, 81 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:21.600 no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. 82 00:06:21.800 --> 00:06:29.079 It dealt as data, as historical studies to know a country, a 83 00:06:29.240 --> 00:06:33.519 region, to establish what its political situation is, what its temes are, 84 00:06:33.560 --> 00:06:40.879 its demographic situations and for and to understand a little the international environment or how 85 00:06:40.959 --> 00:06:46.399 countries and regions relate to each other. It' s about having historical data 86 00:06:46.079 --> 00:06:51.399 on how populations are managed. The issue of geopolitics related to international conflicts, 87 00:06:51.519 --> 00:06:57.879 not to wars, to crises, comes to our mind a great deal, 88 00:06:58.560 --> 00:07:02.079 but it has also been achieved in peace rooms on political issues, because in 89 00:07:02.120 --> 00:07:08.519 the midst of all this the General Council of the United Nations was born. 90 00:07:10.000 --> 00:07:16.879 Then it is fortunate to agree on all and to manage the power to lead 91 00:07:16.959 --> 00:07:25.480 the population or humanity to a good destiny. Logically, obviously, we are 92 00:07:25.560 --> 00:07:30.879 going to see in this talk that there are different positions and they obey several 93 00:07:30.959 --> 00:07:38.560 specific points. So, then, it has its core point in regional and 94 00:07:39.160 --> 00:07:45.399 situational analysis for what geopolitics is important in international trade, because, as we 95 00:07:45.480 --> 00:07:49.600 well mentioned, it is to understand them even among historical antecedents of a region, 96 00:07:50.240 --> 00:07:54.519 of a region where, where we go to buy goods, where we 97 00:07:54.600 --> 00:08:00.800 go to do business, where we go to sell products, It helps us 98 00:08:01.120 --> 00:08:07.399 identify risks, risks in the sense that whether we want to buy inputs or 99 00:08:07.519 --> 00:08:15.879 sell products in countries that understand a little more the regime that reigns, not 100 00:08:16.079 --> 00:08:20.639 or that governs that country or that region, the limitations, uses and customs, 101 00:08:22.639 --> 00:08:26.920 the different customs regulations, commercial taxes that have and will make trade easier 102 00:08:26.639 --> 00:08:31.759 or more difficult for us. On the other hand, it also helps us 103 00:08:31.839 --> 00:08:37.519 to know more potentials, benefits or incentives that exist with another region, namely 104 00:08:37.600 --> 00:08:41.879 foreign direct promotion programs, free trade agreements, if they are allied or friendly 105 00:08:43.000 --> 00:08:46.960 countries, or a region where we are left to offer a service, sell 106 00:08:46.960 --> 00:08:54.279 a product, establish a business relationship or of any kind that we have benefits 107 00:08:54.399 --> 00:09:03.080 from being nationals of any country. Namely the North American region, the European 108 00:09:03.080 --> 00:09:07.480 region, the European Community and, last but not least, it helps us 109 00:09:07.480 --> 00:09:13.799 to establish business controls, whether for sale or for purchase, controls on the 110 00:09:13.440 --> 00:09:18.200 entry and exit of goods, checks on the payment of taxes, checks on 111 00:09:18.279 --> 00:09:28.080 regulations. Basically in geopolitics it goes hand in hand with international trade and that 112 00:09:28.600 --> 00:09:31.279 ' s where I found myself on a very good page that I recommend you 113 00:09:31.480 --> 00:09:35.559 to call the world order. Along with this sheet that will help us greatly 114 00:09:35.759 --> 00:09:41.240 to explain and develop this conference or this talk today, And it is, 115 00:09:43.039 --> 00:09:46.480 therefore, the whole world map and the routes of maritime trade, mainly marine, 116 00:09:46.559 --> 00:09:50.759 because, therefore, the most last trade is the one that plays the 117 00:09:50.159 --> 00:09:56.799 world. We have different references here, such as different regions. If you 118 00:09:56.879 --> 00:10:03.120 look at it, there' s the map of the world and it' 119 00:10:03.120 --> 00:10:07.399 s kind of cool, but here it is in the region of America, 120 00:10:07.600 --> 00:10:16.799 which is Mexico, Panama Canal, North America, South America and, to 121 00:10:16.879 --> 00:10:22.840 understand a little bit, it' s segmented in what are the areas that 122 00:10:22.960 --> 00:10:28.279 produce raw materials, what are the areas where manufactures are produced and what are 123 00:10:28.399 --> 00:10:30.240 the target or consumer areas and what are the main trade routes. If we 124 00:10:30.320 --> 00:10:35.879 can see anything in the world. There are seven very strategic commodity control points, 125 00:10:35.799 --> 00:10:43.480 which is where it basically crosses all world trade. We' re starting 126 00:10:43.559 --> 00:10:48.039 with the Asia region. If you look at the Asia region, we have 127 00:10:48.120 --> 00:10:54.240 manufacturing areas, all that is China, all that is Taiwan. Here the 128 00:10:54.360 --> 00:10:58.799 goods are produced and we have the first port of departure through the Strait of 129 00:11:00.120 --> 00:11:09.480 Malacca that to Singapore, one of the main financial points of the world with 130 00:11:09.480 --> 00:11:16.639 the rest of Asia down, as comes this route that connects with the stress 131 00:11:16.720 --> 00:11:20.639 of Hormus, which is precisely the door to the Middle East. Here' 132 00:11:20.679 --> 00:11:28.279 s Dubai, and here' s Sakala and we get to the Marvec Strait 133 00:11:28.320 --> 00:11:31.879 and where the Suez Canal is. We all remember the Suez Canal, because 134 00:11:33.159 --> 00:11:37.480 a year and a half ago, because we were the East boat that ran 135 00:11:37.600 --> 00:11:41.200 aground and totally collapsed the trade in that region of the world. Here it 136 00:11:41.240 --> 00:11:45.840 is because it is precisely the entry into the lower part of Europe and the 137 00:11:46.679 --> 00:11:54.440 exit through the estuary of Gibraltar to the northern part of Africa, and which 138 00:11:54.960 --> 00:12:01.159 carries many of the supplies or components of the consumer areas that are basically in 139 00:12:01.320 --> 00:12:05.559 Europe, continue through another port, to New York, which is where the 140 00:12:05.639 --> 00:12:13.240 other large consumer region is. And so simply following on this side, because 141 00:12:13.919 --> 00:12:20.759 it goes through all points, collecting in the different ports the components and traveling 142 00:12:22.279 --> 00:12:28.600 all over the Pacific Ocean towards America, which has basically three main points. 143 00:12:28.639 --> 00:12:33.799 An alternate point in Alaska, Vancouver, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Macerillo 144 00:12:33.799 --> 00:12:39.279 de Lázaro Cárden. This is where the goods arrive, either for consumption or 145 00:12:39.480 --> 00:12:46.679 for manufacturing. These in turn, because they leave following the route of the 146 00:12:46.799 --> 00:12:50.159 ships, because to the Canal Cama Panama, In the Panama Canal, because 147 00:12:50.279 --> 00:12:54.200 here they leave by boat. If they are fixed, it is cyclical and 148 00:12:54.279 --> 00:13:03.519 if they are fixed, it is distributed by region and economic power is distributed 149 00:13:03.519 --> 00:13:07.039 in regions. To this day, for everyone has known that the Panama Canal 150 00:13:07.080 --> 00:13:11.039 is administered by the United States, which is up to two thousand twenty- 151 00:13:11.320 --> 00:13:16.639 one and we will see that this will change. This is where the consumers 152 00:13:16.720 --> 00:13:26.360 of the planet or Europe and these regions, which are producer economies, are 153 00:13:26.360 --> 00:13:31.519 concentrated, because they are the ones that their economic map has been changing, 154 00:13:33.399 --> 00:13:37.240 has been improving, their income, their middle class has been rising and eventually, 155 00:13:37.360 --> 00:13:41.399 because they will have a share of consumption cases like India, for example, 156 00:13:43.360 --> 00:13:48.159 they also tend to be producing areas of raw materials and manufactures, potentially 157 00:13:48.200 --> 00:13:56.279 in consumer areas. So, if we see, we go to power or 158 00:13:56.320 --> 00:14:01.960 political regimes. We can see, then, that we have very special regimes 159 00:14:01.039 --> 00:14:07.039 with the United States and apart, we have Asia, we have the Middle 160 00:14:07.240 --> 00:14:11.200 East, and that makes those that obviously, the nations compete with each other, 161 00:14:11.399 --> 00:14:16.279 for having, therefore, a greater participation and a greater control of the 162 00:14:16.279 --> 00:14:20.679 areas where the goods are produced. This could be said to be the heart 163 00:14:20.679 --> 00:14:31.159 of geopolitics. Here are many of the answers to the questions and the topics 164 00:14:31.240 --> 00:14:35.720 that we are going to go. Well, then you don' t lose 165 00:14:35.480 --> 00:14:43.919 sight of this foil. Over the last one hundred and fifty years, we 166 00:14:43.919 --> 00:14:54.000 will realize that in the relationship of economic conflicts, armed conflicts, industrial development 167 00:14:54.080 --> 00:14:58.080 and around regulation, many things have happened, for example, on the side 168 00:14:58.120 --> 00:15:05.279 of this global and regional economic crisis, Without if we can see compensating with 169 00:15:05.480 --> 00:15:09.559 the first, which was the recession of the post- World War I in 170 00:15:09.600 --> 00:15:16.399 nineteen hundred and seventeen, every ten years we have had a regional or global 171 00:15:16.600 --> 00:15:22.120 crisis that has contracted the gross domestic product or the economy in several digits very 172 00:15:22.720 --> 00:15:28.799 serious cases, like what happened after the great depression seventeen percent of the GDP 173 00:15:28.840 --> 00:15:33.279 or after the Second World War there was fifteen percent of the GDP and then 174 00:15:33.360 --> 00:15:41.480 in the Cold War, then almost one percent. But during the 1970s and 175 00:15:41.519 --> 00:15:46.759 1990s we were right in my view that a political crisis, at least a 176 00:15:48.080 --> 00:15:52.519 regional economic crisis, at the rate of every five years. Not the tequila 177 00:15:52.559 --> 00:15:56.919 crisis or the tequila effect, the effict zamba in Brazil, the tango effect 178 00:15:56.120 --> 00:16:03.279 in Argentina, where the countries occasionally went bankrupt, not in impossibility of making 179 00:16:03.399 --> 00:16:07.519 their payments and their commitments to the fund, like the international state, to 180 00:16:07.519 --> 00:16:12.279 the East countries that have to pital to lend. And the last, because 181 00:16:12.320 --> 00:16:15.759 it is the one that we are still living, which is the pandemic of 182 00:16:15.840 --> 00:16:22.320 covid and the recession that we come from that, although on a global level, 183 00:16:22.799 --> 00:16:29.559 according to this OLSD and according to the whole international, the contraction was 184 00:16:29.679 --> 00:16:33.639 five point, three percent later we will see what it is, because it 185 00:16:33.919 --> 00:16:38.960 is a programming of all the countries in Latin America. It is estimated that 186 00:16:40.360 --> 00:16:44.080 there are places like Venezuela, where it was a contraction of more than twenty 187 00:16:44.240 --> 00:16:48.879 percent of the economy, and not only that is five percent of the volumes 188 00:16:48.000 --> 00:16:52.360 of the economy today, which are very different from the volumes of billions that 189 00:16:52.440 --> 00:17:04.480 were handled 150 years or 50 years ago. Then we have never stopped experiencing 190 00:17:04.599 --> 00:17:11.480 a crisis in any region. On the other hand, armed conflicts have also 191 00:17:11.559 --> 00:17:15.920 been a matter of heart and every ten twenty years we have had one. 192 00:17:15.359 --> 00:17:19.960 If we take the same reference beginning of the twentieth century in, because we 193 00:17:21.000 --> 00:17:27.759 started with the Mexican revolution in America, while in Europe, because there was 194 00:17:27.759 --> 00:17:37.039 the Russian civil war, while in Africa there were still issues of slavery and 195 00:17:37.119 --> 00:17:42.039 in Asia, because we still had issues there of the Asian and Oceania war 196 00:17:42.119 --> 00:17:45.960 and the Chinese civil war. Every ten years there has been a conflict, 197 00:17:45.559 --> 00:17:48.640 every ten years there have been adjustments. Every ten years, there have been 198 00:17:48.759 --> 00:17:55.839 issues of political crises that ultimately result in economic crises. An encouraging fact is 199 00:17:55.880 --> 00:18:00.559 that, after all these crises, there has been a series of reforms. 200 00:18:00.599 --> 00:18:04.920 Organizations have been established and established, as they have laid the foundations for what 201 00:18:04.960 --> 00:18:12.000 they call the new world order. Much is said to be the case that 202 00:18:12.440 --> 00:18:18.559 after the first great depression the International Monetary Fund was born, the dollar was 203 00:18:18.680 --> 00:18:22.559 introduced as a single currency of exchange and the World Bank was created for what, 204 00:18:22.640 --> 00:18:30.359 to regulate the economy, to regulate prices, to regulate certain international economic 205 00:18:30.039 --> 00:18:37.160 measures, according to what was needed at that time and has been operating until 206 00:18:37.200 --> 00:18:44.759 a few years ago after the Second World War, because the UMC was created 207 00:18:44.880 --> 00:18:49.680 or before GAT was created the OCTE or the SD the World Customs Organization in 208 00:18:49.680 --> 00:18:57.119 one thousand nine hundred fifty- two, and this was instrumented the gross domestic 209 00:18:57.240 --> 00:19:03.880 product as an index to measure the economy of this one in the decade of 210 00:19:03.960 --> 00:19:07.559 the seventies and the eighties, since the International Augmentary Fund is still to be 211 00:19:07.559 --> 00:19:11.720 forgiven. The World Economic Forum and the UCTED were developed and established and then 212 00:19:11.839 --> 00:19:18.200 more and more, at the beginning of the year two thousand, with the 213 00:19:18.839 --> 00:19:22.599 problems and with the crisis that we had of the twin towers and all the 214 00:19:22.720 --> 00:19:26.920 security crises in carnal supply, as they gave the entrance towards, towards, 215 00:19:29.000 --> 00:19:33.799 towards, towards, the business antism Gremqualition, which is the world coalition of 216 00:19:33.839 --> 00:19:41.079 trade to the East, to the authorized economic operator first in Europe and Singapore, 217 00:19:41.240 --> 00:19:45.119 and to the coalition of Abani and anti- terrorism trade in the United 218 00:19:45.400 --> 00:19:49.720 States, or the City Pat, which created a whole supply meat security industry. 219 00:19:53.200 --> 00:19:59.200 On the other hand, since the mid- 18th century, this has 220 00:19:59.440 --> 00:20:07.839 been evolving and growing. The industry became very colliding. We are in the 221 00:20:07.960 --> 00:20:17.400 Fifth Industrial Revolution, where we started from the mid- 1800s with mechanization generating 222 00:20:17.440 --> 00:20:22.240 hydraulic energy, energy, steam, serial production, mass production. In the 223 00:20:23.000 --> 00:20:27.960 19th century, the use of power. Then, in the 21st century, 224 00:20:29.319 --> 00:20:37.359 computer automation, manufacturing made its bullion. And today, because we come from 225 00:20:37.720 --> 00:20:45.559 the first ten fifteen years of the 21st century, to hybrid systems, to 226 00:20:45.640 --> 00:20:48.079 hybrid systems, to the digital world. And now we are in big data, 227 00:20:48.319 --> 00:20:52.720 we are in intelligence, artificial machine learning, that we are, as 228 00:20:52.720 --> 00:20:57.720 I say to you, entering the fifth industrial revolution. All these things happened 229 00:20:57.799 --> 00:21:02.319 in the last one hundred and five thirty years. So, everything, in 230 00:21:02.400 --> 00:21:06.640 the middle of all this, because there is the political management, the geopolitical 231 00:21:06.759 --> 00:21:10.559 environment, is called ppolódico, because, because it is happening all, all 232 00:21:10.599 --> 00:21:15.839 countries and then gives us, gives us the pattern to a new term or 233 00:21:17.000 --> 00:21:22.000 acronym that was coined during the Second and after the Second World War, the 234 00:21:22.000 --> 00:21:27.160 decade of the seventies, And this was already used in a generalized way in 235 00:21:27.200 --> 00:21:30.200 the business world in the nineties, which is the buca or bica environment in 236 00:21:30.279 --> 00:21:37.039 Spanish, that speaks of planning and to this to implement strategies in a volatile 237 00:21:37.240 --> 00:21:44.200 environment where things are changing, which today serves as a strategy, perhaps not 238 00:21:44.839 --> 00:21:49.480 tomorrow or in the following months. Not because it changes the whole environment. 239 00:21:51.039 --> 00:21:56.200 And this is uncertainty, because you can' t predict things with that attitude, 240 00:21:56.599 --> 00:21:59.960 because we don' t know exactly what' s going to happen. 241 00:22:00.559 --> 00:22:04.680 The environment is complex, because there are many, many dependencies, many forces. 242 00:22:06.839 --> 00:22:10.519 The issue of cause and effect is complicated and ambiguous. We do not 243 00:22:11.960 --> 00:22:17.319 live in an ambiguous environment, in that we do not know what the real 244 00:22:17.640 --> 00:22:22.559 whole is and what it is and what the mouth or the bica is completely 245 00:22:22.720 --> 00:22:29.000 reliable, as it is today part of our reality. There is not even 246 00:22:29.119 --> 00:22:38.519 a world movement dedicated to studying futurism and studying bookup. There are some universities 247 00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:47.240 that study this phenomenon or this acronym, because as matter and basically it is 248 00:22:47.319 --> 00:22:52.400 handled in that how to predict, how to have the best strategy with everything 249 00:22:52.519 --> 00:22:56.119 and against what it is that we live. We were not prepared for a 250 00:22:56.119 --> 00:23:00.559 pandemic, No one was prepared to live what we lived, What left us, 251 00:23:00.759 --> 00:23:07.359 for example, the pandemic of covid because it was contraction of more than 252 00:23:07.440 --> 00:23:11.839 two digits or two little children in this one in Latin America, a silence 253 00:23:11.880 --> 00:23:15.039 through the economy. Seven point next percent. It seems to me how Venezuela 254 00:23:15.079 --> 00:23:19.559 fell the economy thirty percent, Peru twelve percent, Argentina ten percent to Mexico, 255 00:23:19.960 --> 00:23:25.599 as it was of those that this less bad was And we almost reached 256 00:23:25.839 --> 00:23:30.200 the two digits. There are a number of major efforts being made by the 257 00:23:30.240 --> 00:23:36.039 World Bank to rebuild the economy. It passed on four pillars. First, 258 00:23:36.240 --> 00:23:42.119 nothing saves lives, not putting as much funding as possible into the health issue, 259 00:23:44.240 --> 00:23:49.079 and then, then, I try to protect the poor and vulnerable and 260 00:23:49.160 --> 00:23:53.839 lay the foundation for sustained growth. On the basis that, then, on 261 00:23:53.920 --> 00:24:03.559 the basis of this, we protect the environment, protect health, protect life 262 00:24:03.640 --> 00:24:10.799 and, therefore, see how we are rebuilding and how we are doing short, 263 00:24:11.240 --> 00:24:18.559 medium and long- term goals. The World Bank is estimated to have 264 00:24:18.720 --> 00:24:25.559 invested about$ 750 billion. Or the analysis they have to sort out what 265 00:24:25.599 --> 00:24:29.039 the pandemic left us in broad terms, numbers plus numbers less, no, 266 00:24:29.079 --> 00:24:33.319 and as we started, as we started the year two thousand twenty- three, 267 00:24:34.079 --> 00:24:37.680 because it was the following way, I think it was based on what 268 00:24:37.759 --> 00:24:44.079 we have seen and what we have analyzed in the previous prints. Perhaps this 269 00:24:44.240 --> 00:24:53.440 year is when we start with more crises and more adversities in all regions of 270 00:24:53.480 --> 00:25:00.039 the planet. Why, because the United States was facing the abyss, is 271 00:25:00.039 --> 00:25:10.000 facing the enormous risk of falling into recession that demand for products will fall. 272 00:25:12.279 --> 00:25:18.119 There is a crisis of consumer confidence. There' s no money. And 273 00:25:18.400 --> 00:25:22.000 so, originally, as a region like the United States, they consume and 274 00:25:22.039 --> 00:25:30.279 stop consuming, because for all the uncertainty and the risk of recession, obviously, 275 00:25:30.680 --> 00:25:33.680 they make all the markets laugh. Europe, on the other hand, 276 00:25:33.359 --> 00:25:40.920 is also suffering the same. Europe has no money, but it has a 277 00:25:41.599 --> 00:25:49.079 huge amount of social problems because of an uncontrolled migration that is taking place, 278 00:25:49.400 --> 00:26:00.599 especially from people coming from Africa and other countries. There is a rather complex 279 00:26:00.759 --> 00:26:08.759 situation on social issues, on administration issues, on government issues in Latin America, 280 00:26:10.119 --> 00:26:18.400 because obviously we have a sort of very controversial political leaders, very populists, 281 00:26:18.559 --> 00:26:23.960 who are called either, loaded into the center ideology of the left, 282 00:26:25.559 --> 00:26:33.640 because they seek only immediacy. They don' t have a political program, 283 00:26:33.640 --> 00:26:38.000 a strategy. And, obviously, because in situations like these it becomes complicated, 284 00:26:38.920 --> 00:26:45.920 there is an atmosphere of tremendous polarization throughout the region and that, therefore, 285 00:26:45.279 --> 00:26:51.599 creates a lot of uncertainty on the part of investors in countries that have 286 00:26:52.119 --> 00:26:56.680 the capital to invest. As the Latin American region manufactures and produces inputs or 287 00:26:57.519 --> 00:27:03.000 consumer products, as demand declines and as there is a crisis of reliability, 288 00:27:03.240 --> 00:27:11.480 because it does not have an environment with legal certainty, because it is beginning 289 00:27:11.559 --> 00:27:18.599 to complicate in Asia, in this, in the eastern part of Europe, 290 00:27:18.160 --> 00:27:27.400 because also the main problem, because it is the invasion of Russia to Ukraine 291 00:27:27.480 --> 00:27:34.759 and the whole food crisis and the humanitarian crisis that resulted from this, the 292 00:27:34.880 --> 00:27:41.880 mass migration of all the peoples that are around, the humanitarian crisis that comes 293 00:27:41.000 --> 00:27:45.640 together, therefore, with the health crisis of the covid that the covid has 294 00:27:45.799 --> 00:27:48.799 not ended up leaving or that if the global aviation of health of each comes 295 00:27:48.839 --> 00:27:56.599 at the end of the pandemic, we know that there have been variations of 296 00:27:56.599 --> 00:28:00.079 concern. Chile, on the other hand, because it is coming out of 297 00:28:00.200 --> 00:28:07.680 bar situations number one, because it is all that it has stopped selling since 298 00:28:07.759 --> 00:28:11.240 it is a country that produces inputs and raw materials and has been standing for 299 00:28:11.680 --> 00:28:15.279 two or three years, because it has stopped products. That lockup they took 300 00:28:15.359 --> 00:28:19.400 as a strategy, because it affected them too much. On the other hand, 301 00:28:21.599 --> 00:28:26.160 because they are immersed in one in a trade war with the United States 302 00:28:26.640 --> 00:28:33.839 and facing all these trade sanctions imposed by the President trumpo in two thousand eighteen, 303 00:28:33.920 --> 00:28:40.039 because they have been diminishing their economy and have terrible debt problems. Its 304 00:28:40.160 --> 00:28:51.359 population grew in purchasing power economy, came into debt, came acquiring a certain 305 00:28:51.440 --> 00:28:56.519 lifestyle because there was a flow of sales. And then all of a sudden 306 00:28:56.599 --> 00:29:00.599 all this stopped and now they have other kinds of problems. So, I 307 00:29:00.680 --> 00:29:06.680 think it' s been a long time since the world started it. A 308 00:29:06.720 --> 00:29:11.079 year like the one we started and like the one we are going through lately 309 00:29:11.400 --> 00:29:18.480 i obviously, the positions of power, the political positions, the positions of 310 00:29:18.599 --> 00:29:25.400 competition, for the territory, for the inputs, for the supply, for 311 00:29:25.400 --> 00:29:33.000 the control of goods is radicalized and this becomes more complex. Everything does not 312 00:29:33.000 --> 00:29:41.119 make the appearance, good or at least in our vocabulary, this day to 313 00:29:41.240 --> 00:29:48.119 day, global international sanctions. We, I think, were listening to rare 314 00:29:48.240 --> 00:29:51.440 international sanctions. For back in the seventies, in whom we already are of 315 00:29:51.680 --> 00:29:59.559 a middle age. Yes, that' s the 80' s to that 316 00:29:59.559 --> 00:30:03.279 time when there was a boycotta to the Olympics in Moscow, Well, yes 317 00:30:03.319 --> 00:30:07.440 to that as we saw that there was talk about the energy crisis in the 318 00:30:07.480 --> 00:30:11.319 1970s and then in the 1980s because the whole issue of terrorism and sanctions to 319 00:30:11.440 --> 00:30:17.240 countries. There are no diplomatic sanctions that occur when two countries focus on conflict 320 00:30:17.319 --> 00:30:22.279 and expel diplomats from it so that they do not visit, not and so 321 00:30:22.319 --> 00:30:32.880 that they do not have this communication. There are no economic sanctions, which 322 00:30:33.119 --> 00:30:37.000 are the ones we are dealing with, which we are engaged in foreign trade 323 00:30:37.000 --> 00:30:41.720 customs. Logistics, because we have had more to see for the sanctions that 324 00:30:41.759 --> 00:30:45.079 have imposed, because this, the following trump to Chinese products what you call 325 00:30:45.160 --> 00:30:51.200 it with the rates of section three hundred one of the Office of Trade Representation 326 00:30:51.799 --> 00:30:56.920 or the Secretariat of Economy of the United States East and that in some way 327 00:30:57.000 --> 00:31:03.279 has benefited us for being a manufacturing country and that many of the projects and 328 00:31:03.400 --> 00:31:11.720 processes have been running from China to America and more specifically to Mexico, because 329 00:31:11.839 --> 00:31:21.000 to use platforms like the USMC. And we are all the ones who are 330 00:31:21.079 --> 00:31:25.240 a little closer to that the military songs, because they are the interventions. 331 00:31:26.279 --> 00:31:32.279 What happened with Russia and Ukraine sports sanctions Russia is a clear example. It 332 00:31:32.359 --> 00:31:36.200 is and later we will see a case as soon as the invasion of Russia 333 00:31:36.680 --> 00:31:44.839 Ukraine took place, the International Automobile Federation sanctioned Russia the Formula One Grand Prix. 334 00:31:45.160 --> 00:31:48.799 It' s canceled. There was a runner and no more cepin running 335 00:31:48.079 --> 00:31:53.039 in a squire' s office. FIFA also took it out of there, 336 00:31:53.240 --> 00:32:00.039 because it also sanctioned the International Football Federation of Russia and the gymnastics Federation and 337 00:32:00.079 --> 00:32:07.400 because they are practically isolated from all competition and environmental sanctions, because they are 338 00:32:07.480 --> 00:32:12.759 the ones that there are economic measures due to bad environmental practices. We haven 339 00:32:12.839 --> 00:32:21.599 ' t seen much of them, but they' re probably the ones that 340 00:32:22.119 --> 00:32:28.880 will come when we have more complex effects on climate change issues. There is 341 00:32:28.920 --> 00:32:34.279 a regulation that passed the previous year, which is the CYBOOM or the coal 342 00:32:34.319 --> 00:32:40.799 relationship, which speaks of the green tax that the European Community is imposing on 343 00:32:40.960 --> 00:32:46.759 its imports. It is beginning with the steel industry, with concrete for very 344 00:32:46.880 --> 00:32:52.119 specific coditis, but it is what comes with this agenda that Europe has of 345 00:32:52.160 --> 00:33:00.880 making emissions, of reducing pollution, because it is going to start issuing sanctions 346 00:33:01.359 --> 00:33:07.119 to those countries that do not have a clean energy policy that they call it 347 00:33:07.119 --> 00:33:08.279 then. That' s what we' re going to meet to see. 348 00:33:09.799 --> 00:33:15.880 And so, the sanctions how they work, because they have several four items 349 00:33:15.079 --> 00:33:20.960 and four sections that are who is the end user of the goods or the 350 00:33:20.960 --> 00:33:25.279 products, who they are, what use these goods will be given to those 351 00:33:25.359 --> 00:33:30.880 products and is to manufacture goods that are going to be used in which industry, 352 00:33:31.759 --> 00:33:38.640 armament, government, recreation, medicine, etc, and what are the 353 00:33:38.640 --> 00:33:44.400 final destination. Whether we have a case like that of us in Mexico, 354 00:33:44.759 --> 00:33:52.880 we bring components or goods from other regions, well we invoice products and forward 355 00:33:52.279 --> 00:33:59.920 them to other countries through the maquila program. The international regulations that exist. 356 00:34:00.200 --> 00:34:07.079 These are the four quadrants on which international sanctions are established, mainly who is 357 00:34:07.920 --> 00:34:12.960 exposed or what they are applying to us, mainly we, because they are 358 00:34:13.000 --> 00:34:19.599 those of the United States Government, through the Department of State, the Department 359 00:34:20.360 --> 00:34:25.599 of Commerce and the Bureau of Industry and Security. They have different categories, 360 00:34:25.800 --> 00:34:31.400 different theories of controls, depending on the type of goods and destination that it 361 00:34:31.559 --> 00:34:38.199 is, whether they are usable or used in systems or applications of software technologies 362 00:34:38.239 --> 00:34:44.360 for military purposes or those that are called dual use, also that they can 363 00:34:44.480 --> 00:34:50.199 be used at best in producing a simple drill, but they can also be 364 00:34:50.280 --> 00:35:00.079 used to produce a chemical cannon, which can be used for use of detergents, 365 00:35:00.400 --> 00:35:05.400 but they are drug procursors and all this subject that are of military control, 366 00:35:06.000 --> 00:35:10.599 but which also has a commercial use and export licenses for mainly controlled items 367 00:35:10.800 --> 00:35:15.280 right now. We' ll see a little bit more detail with what' 368 00:35:16.039 --> 00:35:20.840 s going on with the theme of semiconductors, the theme of memories, the 369 00:35:20.840 --> 00:35:24.679 theme of chips. All of these have sanctions on countries, specifically China, 370 00:35:25.119 --> 00:35:36.119 and have movement or export and import controls. Well, let' s go 371 00:35:36.239 --> 00:35:40.360 to the first case, to the case to understand a little more why it 372 00:35:42.039 --> 00:35:45.719 ' s important to understand geopolitics in international business. I brought this case because 373 00:35:45.800 --> 00:35:50.559 it' s very good. It is very current and has to do with 374 00:35:50.679 --> 00:35:54.280 player Luis Chávez. Luis Charvez, remember that kick that the Mexican team put 375 00:35:54.360 --> 00:36:00.199 in the Arabian section of the World Cup. How about one of the prettiest 376 00:36:00.239 --> 00:36:07.400 goals, that goal he scored from outside the area. And that' s 377 00:36:07.440 --> 00:36:13.480 where this player is from, because they came up with their credentials. He 378 00:36:14.559 --> 00:36:20.880 really played, he has played in the gongkaf in two World Cups and national 379 00:36:22.679 --> 00:36:29.679 selection and his dream was to play in Europe after the World Cup tasting as 380 00:36:29.800 --> 00:36:35.199 there were several clubs interested by him for his card. The Pachuca club, 381 00:36:35.360 --> 00:36:40.519 which is where he was playing for, is not interested in making a meaningful 382 00:36:40.599 --> 00:36:49.079 transaction for them. And that' s where the most money was proposed for 383 00:36:49.159 --> 00:36:53.400 this player was the dynamo from Moscow, Moscow, that is, from Russia. 384 00:36:55.320 --> 00:37:00.440 What was the problem here, well well, we know the card of 385 00:37:00.480 --> 00:37:06.880 this player or the value of the Charter of Player Rights. According to Transfermarket, 386 00:37:07.000 --> 00:37:12.880 it is the page where you can see all the information of the players 387 00:37:12.920 --> 00:37:17.360 of the world. The Charter is assessed at EUR 6 5 million. The 388 00:37:17.480 --> 00:37:22.280 transaction and sale between Club Pachuca and Dynamo Moscow was a transaction of eight million 389 00:37:22.400 --> 00:37:28.280 euros to live in. In which FIFA suspended Russia, as we have said, 390 00:37:28.519 --> 00:37:30.840 all clubs in Russia and everyone, the entire federation from playing and from 391 00:37:30.880 --> 00:37:43.320 having any worldwide interaction of competitions. UEFA, which is the European Football Federation, 392 00:37:43.599 --> 00:37:51.719 also did the same. Moreover, at the financial level, SWIFT, 393 00:37:52.159 --> 00:37:58.519 which is the system that facilitates global transactions between banks, because it blocked all 394 00:37:58.599 --> 00:38:02.000 banks with after and then we had a problem, that we had a player 395 00:38:02.039 --> 00:38:12.639 who was intended by a Russian club to get his services. He made a 396 00:38:13.119 --> 00:38:17.960 rather interesting economic proposal to the Pachuca club for eight million euros. He fulfilled 397 00:38:19.000 --> 00:38:22.400 all the expectations and dreams of a 27- year- old player who wanted 398 00:38:22.559 --> 00:38:25.159 to go out into the world to play Europe. But it could not be 399 00:38:25.199 --> 00:38:30.719 done. It could not be done because today the Russian League, because it 400 00:38:30.840 --> 00:38:36.320 is a league that is isolated and disconnected from the world, cannot play in 401 00:38:36.480 --> 00:38:45.679 official competitions, cannot play with other countries financially. We were faced with the 402 00:38:45.800 --> 00:38:53.559 dilemma that how those eight million euros were paid to the Mexican club. And 403 00:38:54.239 --> 00:38:59.519 this is what happened. How they did it, how the capital flows took 404 00:38:59.559 --> 00:39:04.519 place, Well we have three players here, we have a country that sells, 405 00:39:04.880 --> 00:39:07.079 the United States, and a country that buys, Russia. We have 406 00:39:07.199 --> 00:39:12.880 an intermediary who is Venezuela. So what happened, because first of all, 407 00:39:13.119 --> 00:39:17.840 the player himself, my Chávez, paid his own contract termination clause, paid 408 00:39:17.920 --> 00:39:23.360 five million pesos to Pachuca to be considered free people and then he could negotiate 409 00:39:23.440 --> 00:39:31.519 his letter and his rights with any club. Then negotiations were established to reach 410 00:39:31.559 --> 00:39:37.719 the sale agreement to the player. And what had to be done was that 411 00:39:38.159 --> 00:39:44.000 Pachuca had to establish a commercial relationship with a bank in Venezuela. He opened 412 00:39:44.079 --> 00:39:50.880 an account, making a good account so that after we already assumed that Russia 413 00:39:51.000 --> 00:39:57.519 had no issues in making a transfer with a bank in Venezuelas, they made 414 00:39:57.639 --> 00:40:01.039 all the arrangements, all the ct that they call him and in this way 415 00:40:01.760 --> 00:40:07.239 he transferred the eight million euros to the Pachuca club in his Venezuela account. 416 00:40:07.199 --> 00:40:12.400 Then, after the transaction has been confirmed, the Pachuca club withdrew the funds 417 00:40:12.480 --> 00:40:20.440 to its bank account in Mexico. This tertiaryization. And all this made it 418 00:40:20.800 --> 00:40:24.039 possible for Luis Charvez, because he finally fulfilled his dreams, to go out 419 00:40:24.159 --> 00:40:30.679 and play European football. And to this day, the Pachuca club, as 420 00:40:30.719 --> 00:40:37.880 it has walked this process, is also offering from its other club, which 421 00:40:37.960 --> 00:40:44.760 is the luxury Pachuca, which is the lion, is already selling another player 422 00:40:44.880 --> 00:40:51.880 to another Russian club. It is the first time in the history of football 423 00:40:51.920 --> 00:40:57.679 that a Mexican player goes out to Russia and, obviously at the most appropriate 424 00:40:57.719 --> 00:41:02.400 moment through a war, now what potential risks and regulatory commitments there are for 425 00:41:02.440 --> 00:41:08.480 the two involved in this, mainly for Club Pachuca, because in the sale 426 00:41:09.320 --> 00:41:17.679 of this player is considered an export. Pachuca, as an organization, as 427 00:41:19.159 --> 00:41:24.320 a sports group, already has a registered export of a sale to Russia in 428 00:41:24.320 --> 00:41:29.280 its records. If for any reason, Club Pachuca becomes a subsidiary, a 429 00:41:29.360 --> 00:41:37.000 subsidiary, an association in another country that has Russia sanctioned, you call the 430 00:41:37.000 --> 00:41:45.559 United States, England, Spain, can at any time be questioned or even 431 00:41:45.719 --> 00:41:51.360 punished for having done business with a country that is blocked, that is seized, 432 00:41:51.480 --> 00:42:00.440 that is sanctioned? This can get the club into a complication. Financial 433 00:42:00.519 --> 00:42:07.679 transaction, of the exchange of capital between a bank of Mexico and a bank 434 00:42:07.760 --> 00:42:12.320 of Venezuela seemed to start day, because it had no issue, because there 435 00:42:12.400 --> 00:42:15.840 is no, there is no sanction, there is no embargo. There are 436 00:42:15.920 --> 00:42:23.920 open trade relations between Mexico and Venezuela, but again we tend to do the 437 00:42:25.199 --> 00:42:30.960 same to other countries or to FIFA itself. This can be considered a relationship, 438 00:42:30.239 --> 00:42:36.280 a risk transaction. Why. Because the European Community, the international community, 439 00:42:36.599 --> 00:42:42.599 the international banking system of the West, does not regulate transactions and the 440 00:42:43.679 --> 00:42:50.159 exchange of capital between a country and the Bank of Venezuela. Moreover, the 441 00:42:50.239 --> 00:42:53.880 Bank of Venezuela is well aware that banks have some degree of control by the 442 00:42:54.000 --> 00:43:00.519 Government of Venezuela and is thus an example. The United States today does not 443 00:43:00.519 --> 00:43:05.599 have a total embargo on Venezuela. They have partial barriers and precisely one of 444 00:43:05.760 --> 00:43:10.920 the points of concern or audit points is that transactions that are made between individuals 445 00:43:12.000 --> 00:43:15.599 or entities of Venezuela, since they are not linked to the government. This 446 00:43:15.679 --> 00:43:21.239 could be an important issue for the Pachuca club and, as I told you, 447 00:43:21.400 --> 00:43:27.559 it could be questioned by the geó for several things. It is making 448 00:43:28.039 --> 00:43:30.440 it easier for a league to be active in a league that is sanctioned, 449 00:43:31.199 --> 00:43:40.679 a league that is not disaffiliated, but is sanctioned and punished. Obviously, 450 00:43:42.480 --> 00:43:46.559 we think that the Lu Pachuca or the Pachuca Group, because they have their 451 00:43:47.039 --> 00:43:52.400 lawyers have so much foreign trade and they have people who advised them very well 452 00:43:52.519 --> 00:43:55.559 to make this transaction for Luis Chávez, Para bliz Chávez, because, first 453 00:43:58.159 --> 00:44:00.719 of all, he will lose, at the best of those sporting moments, 454 00:44:01.159 --> 00:44:06.320 the opportunity, because to have a forum, he will go to a league 455 00:44:06.400 --> 00:44:08.840 sanctioned by FIFA, by UEFA and that he will go to a local league 456 00:44:09.159 --> 00:44:15.119 where there will be no records of his performance, of his goals, of 457 00:44:15.239 --> 00:44:21.400 his assists, of what he does. He may well not be summoned to 458 00:44:21.440 --> 00:44:23.840 play with the Mexican Football Team, although there are no rules, there are 459 00:44:24.119 --> 00:44:28.800 no laws, there is nothing to prohibit him. Well, certainly, again 460 00:44:28.960 --> 00:44:35.519 speaking of geopolitics and talking about lately the interaction between the LMS and the Mexican 461 00:44:35.719 --> 00:44:40.639 Football Federation, we have just gone through an interleague tournament and we are facing 462 00:44:40.719 --> 00:44:45.280 the doors of a forthcoming Naftan World Cup, where it will be played in 463 00:44:45.400 --> 00:44:50.519 Canada, the United States and Mexico, because the fact that a selected player 464 00:44:50.639 --> 00:44:55.280 of yours is playing in Russia, since the truth can affect the player what 465 00:44:55.360 --> 00:44:59.960 other things they can see. It' s a great idea that it doesn 466 00:45:00.320 --> 00:45:05.239 ' t suit the game system To get back, it' s complicated its 467 00:45:05.639 --> 00:45:08.519 return because now, Russia would have to sell it to Mexico and all this 468 00:45:08.559 --> 00:45:10.960 and it doesn' t adapt the life system. So, we really live 469 00:45:12.079 --> 00:45:15.960 in an environment of certain freedoms, in a certain way of living, here 470 00:45:16.519 --> 00:45:21.480 in the West and then he went against his family there. So this is 471 00:45:21.559 --> 00:45:25.360 not good for geopolitics. For this purpose it is useful to study the environments, 472 00:45:25.639 --> 00:45:29.760 to analyze the risks and to make decisions based on them. I believe 473 00:45:29.760 --> 00:45:35.639 that this is an example that makes it easy for all of us to understand 474 00:45:35.760 --> 00:45:40.280 and to what extent considerations can come to a commercial transaction. I mean, 475 00:45:40.519 --> 00:45:45.199 it' s not about using the player here as a commodity. It' 476 00:45:45.280 --> 00:45:49.480 s about selling a service and it really caught my attention. I followed the 477 00:45:49.519 --> 00:45:53.039 case a lot and when I was loving this talk, I think it made 478 00:45:53.119 --> 00:45:58.519 it easy for me to illustrate it. Now we' re talking a little 479 00:45:58.599 --> 00:46:07.280 bit about payment financial systems and we haven' t heard much about Briggs versus 480 00:46:07.400 --> 00:46:15.159 SWIFT. Good him. The Briggs comes from the year of nineteen hundred and 481 00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:21.480 nine where the acceding countries or the countries not one hundred percent aligned to those 482 00:46:21.559 --> 00:46:28.039 to the seven. A declaration was made to be created as in one with 483 00:46:28.360 --> 00:46:32.679 an environment of a new, more equitable world order, to remove it in 484 00:46:32.760 --> 00:46:39.280 a few words, for protectionism, or to take away supremacy. And that 485 00:46:39.440 --> 00:46:43.760 and that all power and all economic and all capitals are concentrated in just seven 486 00:46:43.960 --> 00:46:47.199 countries, that there is a more felt, fairer distribution, that there is 487 00:46:47.280 --> 00:46:53.800 a more humanistic approach and that there is a more social approach. And so, 488 00:46:54.320 --> 00:46:58.880 in a way, what we know is the eternal struggle between left and 489 00:46:58.960 --> 00:47:04.119 right, between camp lifeism and socialism. Not what they represent, because Briggs, 490 00:47:04.519 --> 00:47:10.400 although in the number of countries and the number of nations they exceed the 491 00:47:10.800 --> 00:47:17.400 United States, the European Unity and the Group of the G seven, because 492 00:47:19.119 --> 00:47:24.159 in reality they represent just twenty- five two hundred of the pipe of the 493 00:47:24.880 --> 00:47:30.480 world economy and this forty- two percent of the population. This has changed. 494 00:47:31.360 --> 00:47:37.000 Obviously, and as I was telling you, economies like India, for 495 00:47:37.000 --> 00:47:42.679 example, have been growing enormously. South Africa has been growing tremendously. This 496 00:47:43.199 --> 00:47:46.800 one in Brazil, because it has quite a lot of problems, but it 497 00:47:47.480 --> 00:47:58.280 is a strong country in Latin America and can potentially raise the income of its 498 00:47:59.519 --> 00:48:04.760 middle class, purchasing power to grow its economy. And this, then, 499 00:48:04.800 --> 00:48:10.000 can start to balance things a little bit. It' s going to replace 500 00:48:12.039 --> 00:48:17.840 SWIFT to Briggs to SWIFT probably not. What I studied from these two positions 501 00:48:17.920 --> 00:48:25.320 is that it can economically benefit the world, because there may be several interbank 502 00:48:25.840 --> 00:48:31.519 payment systems and not just one, like what just happened with the example we 503 00:48:31.559 --> 00:48:37.519 saw of the football player, if we had two open payment systems and were 504 00:48:37.079 --> 00:48:44.159 working in some normality and in one of the polarized environments we live in. 505 00:48:44.639 --> 00:48:50.679 For Mexico, which is a mediating country, is that we have always gone 506 00:48:50.800 --> 00:48:54.280 to a country that we do not charge ourselves to one side, to the 507 00:48:54.280 --> 00:48:59.480 other side of the balance, that we are an open country. It would 508 00:48:59.480 --> 00:49:04.719 be easier to have access to the two payment systems and to transact this trade 509 00:49:04.800 --> 00:49:13.079 with the two regions countries such as Switzerland as well and other countries that have 510 00:49:13.320 --> 00:49:17.679 not decided to take a physical stance. It can be a real posture, 511 00:49:17.880 --> 00:49:20.960 it can be a benefit. But today, as Briggs is a reality, 512 00:49:21.360 --> 00:49:28.320 more countries will be able to join, perhaps it will be able to increase 513 00:49:28.480 --> 00:49:36.199 this participation in the pit Definitely, taking into account two things, the world 514 00:49:36.320 --> 00:49:44.920 ' s great consumers are in crisis. Europe has been tremendously affected by Russia 515 00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:52.079 ' s war with Ukraine Russia. Ukraine was therefore the number one supplier of 516 00:49:52.280 --> 00:50:00.679 minerals, grains and some other foods in Europe. Russia is therefore the number 517 00:50:00.760 --> 00:50:08.599 one supplier of natural gas throughout Europe. And, as I was saying, 518 00:50:10.480 --> 00:50:17.559 European countries are facing severe humanitarian and social crises. I was just reading that, 519 00:50:17.679 --> 00:50:27.920 for example, Sweden has terrible crime problems, ulterior social problems all over 520 00:50:28.000 --> 00:50:32.119 migration and by all gangs and every time Sweden, as it has been one 521 00:50:32.159 --> 00:50:37.920 of the most open countries to migration. Spain has problems, France, also 522 00:50:37.920 --> 00:50:44.199 in England and the United States, because let' s not say the United 523 00:50:44.280 --> 00:50:49.280 States with the security problems that the drug crisis has lately, with the canile 524 00:50:49.320 --> 00:50:58.679 of some potential recession. This can definitely balance or move completely. The map 525 00:50:58.760 --> 00:51:08.800 that we, who had seen at the beginning, has no other important theme, 526 00:51:09.039 --> 00:51:13.280 which is the war of the semiconductors and between the boys. Why shouldn 527 00:51:13.280 --> 00:51:19.480 ' t we worry. Well, look at a report that Mackenzie made in 528 00:51:19.599 --> 00:51:24.000 two thousand twenty- two. He made projections that by the year two thousand 529 00:51:24.119 --> 00:51:32.480 thirty the market of microchips or semiconductors will be evaluated in a billion dollars, 530 00:51:34.320 --> 00:51:37.840 that is, billions of dollars, which potentially means this beyond all the electronics 531 00:51:39.400 --> 00:51:45.719 that we can think bring a memory. Today, everything has memory, it 532 00:51:45.760 --> 00:51:52.239 has a semiconductor chip. The car shortage crisis came precisely because today the autros 533 00:51:52.320 --> 00:51:58.800 are very electrified. Our phones have chips, our computers. Our whole life 534 00:52:00.199 --> 00:52:05.239 as we become smarter and more digital, because it has a chip, a 535 00:52:05.239 --> 00:52:12.280 semiconductor, a memory and an integrated circuit that facilitates, since all this. 536 00:52:13.159 --> 00:52:17.519 And there is a very but very important issue and I think it is the 537 00:52:17.599 --> 00:52:22.400 central part of all of this. The development of artificial intelligent, military systems, 538 00:52:22.639 --> 00:52:29.000 state- of- the- art satellite systems, aircraft, all have 539 00:52:29.239 --> 00:52:35.360 to do with chips and obviously, who wins the chip production market, microchips, 540 00:52:35.639 --> 00:52:43.239 semiconductors will own the world. For China, chip manufacturing is extremely complex, 541 00:52:43.400 --> 00:52:45.639 because while they have cheap labor, although they do have them, many 542 00:52:45.760 --> 00:52:52.880 of the raw materials developments depend on others, mainly Japan and mainly Holland, 543 00:52:53.199 --> 00:53:00.599 the United States, from company to the United States, from capital to produce, 544 00:53:00.639 --> 00:53:08.440 as all that technology. And there' s another important issue, which 545 00:53:08.519 --> 00:53:14.320 is silicon, not silicon. Those countries that have silicon and that have lithium 546 00:53:14.480 --> 00:53:21.039 and that have other components, because they are going to have capital there invested 547 00:53:21.079 --> 00:53:25.519 for something. The President of López Obrador made the decree that nationalize lithium and 548 00:53:27.000 --> 00:53:34.679 other components, because this is going to be the basis of the new wars 549 00:53:34.719 --> 00:53:37.079 we have. This is going to be the basis of geopolitics and, obviously, 550 00:53:37.559 --> 00:53:45.199 as we saw very much at the beginning of our discussion on this, 551 00:53:45.960 --> 00:53:50.280 this map is the heart of geopolitics. Until a few months ago, routes 552 00:53:51.679 --> 00:54:00.239 began in Asia and there they moved to certain regions such as Oceania, such 553 00:54:00.280 --> 00:54:06.360 as the Middle East, such as Europe, North Africa, Central America, 554 00:54:06.559 --> 00:54:13.400 South America. But what everyone is looking for is, obviously, more and 555 00:54:13.480 --> 00:54:19.599 more territory, more and more power to dominate the other. That' s 556 00:54:19.719 --> 00:54:22.920 geopolitics. And that is, therefore, the world that we have had to 557 00:54:22.920 --> 00:54:29.039 live, especially to those who are on these issues of customs, of international 558 00:54:29.039 --> 00:54:34.800 trade, of foreign trade, of three complayans of logistics. It is fascinating 559 00:54:34.880 --> 00:54:38.559 to understand this, to understand what is happening outside, because, because it 560 00:54:38.639 --> 00:54:43.679 is already coming to us in the immediate environment in Mexico, which happened two 561 00:54:43.760 --> 00:54:46.679 weeks ago, on the 16th of August. The government of Mexico, because 562 00:54:46.800 --> 00:54:52.159 it took out three decrees there well, made a change to the lige to 563 00:54:52.280 --> 00:55:00.320 adjust the import rates the ones cups that are to zero the sweats Tomentis five 564 00:55:00.480 --> 00:55:06.320 percent. He modified the decree process this. So why, precisely, to 565 00:55:06.719 --> 00:55:15.239 ensure that all the entry of goods from a country with which we do not 566 00:55:15.320 --> 00:55:22.079 have a trade treaty, because a trade barrier is placed on it? Interestingly, 567 00:55:22.679 --> 00:55:27.599 two days later, the user or the iust Representative Office or the Secretariat 568 00:55:27.599 --> 00:55:34.920 of Economy in the United States made a publication congratulating or welcoming or expressing its 569 00:55:35.039 --> 00:55:40.440 satisfaction with the measures that the Government is doing to control mainly this, the 570 00:55:40.599 --> 00:55:47.639 entry of plastic steel and some other key components of this country that do not 571 00:55:47.800 --> 00:55:52.320 have free trade agreements, which is, therefore, a deglobalization and a regionalization, 572 00:55:53.519 --> 00:55:58.840 I mean practically what it would like to do is to break this line 573 00:55:58.840 --> 00:56:01.639 or turn it into a dotted line like this, so that these hoops or 574 00:56:02.360 --> 00:56:07.760 these points of control of goods, because they become two or three, not 575 00:56:07.840 --> 00:56:12.039 so that there is only one with the North American bloc, another with the 576 00:56:12.519 --> 00:56:17.440 Americas and another with Europe and another with Asia. It is very interesting what 577 00:56:17.480 --> 00:56:24.360 is happening and so far my intervention of this day. I hope you' 578 00:56:24.480 --> 00:56:31.239 re interested in this conversation or this conversation. I say I' m passionate 579 00:56:31.360 --> 00:56:38.880 about all these issues out there are here my Linkedin and x networks. Now, 580 00:56:40.119 --> 00:56:45.159 if you want to talk to me, I' ll exchange information, 581 00:56:45.159 --> 00:56:50.960 because you' ll have your orders. Here was a comment, I tell 582 00:56:51.000 --> 00:56:55.360 the excellent truth extra nadia talk and here was a song comment. Why the 583 00:56:55.480 --> 00:56:59.920 map is like that. It' s not like I wasn' t in 584 00:57:00.639 --> 00:57:06.440 the way No, it' s because it' s kind of seen from 585 00:57:06.440 --> 00:57:12.480 above. It' s not like we saw it from above and identified how 586 00:57:12.559 --> 00:57:21.480 the world had been designed as a circle or a perfect cycle, where everyone 587 00:57:21.639 --> 00:57:28.159 had their roles in this game very well defined. Who they were, Who 588 00:57:28.280 --> 00:57:35.559 they were who produced the components, who manufactured them, who distributed them and 589 00:57:35.639 --> 00:57:39.239 who consumed them. That had been the world a few years ago. Right 590 00:57:39.239 --> 00:57:44.360 now, because all this is changing. Hey Alexia here tell me to have 591 00:57:44.480 --> 00:57:50.679 a ball between the future and your experience and especially how these transnational corporations are 592 00:57:50.719 --> 00:57:55.039 contemplating it, how they' re going to double, what' s going 593 00:57:55.079 --> 00:58:01.320 to happen to the dola, and that' s right, America is yielding 594 00:58:01.400 --> 00:58:04.920 this power how we' re looking at it as business from international companies. 595 00:58:06.159 --> 00:58:09.320 Well, there are opinions of all kinds, studies of all kinds analysis and 596 00:58:09.400 --> 00:58:15.039 all kinds. There are since the most catastrophic ones that say what the end 597 00:58:15.159 --> 00:58:22.119 of capitalism is, which is the end of the dollar, that just as 598 00:58:22.239 --> 00:58:30.400 after the Second World War the supremacy of the dollar and capitalism was established, 599 00:58:30.719 --> 00:58:37.719 because now the world has changed and the dollar can potentially end and other means 600 00:58:37.840 --> 00:58:40.760 of change are put in place. There was much talk of cryptocurrencies that if 601 00:58:40.880 --> 00:58:45.519 the joan or if the Brigs are now going to implement a single coin and 602 00:58:45.639 --> 00:58:51.320 my opinion, very personal and I can be wrong, is that rather this 603 00:58:52.599 --> 00:58:57.760 is going to be opened, rather in places that we have only one coin, 604 00:58:58.679 --> 00:59:00.960 maybe we have three or four and we are going to have to get 605 00:59:00.960 --> 00:59:06.360 used to living together. It is not going to balance power and if it 606 00:59:06.360 --> 00:59:10.480 would be, obviously, the happy world to get there, because it will 607 00:59:10.559 --> 00:59:15.599 not be easy and it will have to get many complicated and complex situations, 608 00:59:15.000 --> 00:59:23.440 because everyone will be defending their terrain and power, as it says also go 609 00:59:23.480 --> 00:59:28.480 here and that they are mentioning it right now, it is what will happen 610 00:59:28.559 --> 00:59:34.039 with these countries that are already negotiating in Chinese currency, because forgiveness with those 611 00:59:34.079 --> 00:59:39.920 who are already negotiating with Chinese currency. I don' t have many examples 612 00:59:40.000 --> 00:59:44.760 like that at the hands of companies that are negotiating. But to this day, 613 00:59:45.000 --> 00:59:49.079 as we know it, because the dollar is still the international currency of 614 00:59:49.599 --> 00:59:55.840 exchange, I do not have many examples. I' m telling you this 615 00:59:55.840 --> 00:59:59.960 example of a footballer. It came to me very well because or because the 616 01:00:00.000 --> 01:00:04.840 complexity and the obstacles that are going to begin are precise. Let' s 617 01:00:05.000 --> 01:00:09.000 start seeing that we' re engaged in international trade. Hey this alexi also 618 01:00:09.079 --> 01:00:15.119 see how you' re going the future with super weight and with the changes 619 01:00:15.199 --> 01:00:19.960 we' re having in Mexico as well. What I' ve read about 620 01:00:20.039 --> 01:00:25.400 super weight is that it' s one is a consequence of several factors. 621 01:00:27.480 --> 01:00:30.800 Obviously, the issue of neal shorring has appreciated the currency because, within all 622 01:00:31.559 --> 01:00:43.400 this geopolitical, geo- economic re- accommodation, mainly Western companies or companies 623 01:00:43.440 --> 01:00:51.440 have wanted to take their production out of China and have passed it to other 624 01:00:51.440 --> 01:00:54.840 markets. Yet, fortunately, for us our reference is the United States. 625 01:00:55.519 --> 01:01:00.199 This, then, results in many companies coming and still appetizing to the US 626 01:01:00.400 --> 01:01:07.000 market. In the United States, the United States has been doing a lot 627 01:01:07.079 --> 01:01:10.920 of work inside. They have right now, the IRA called or the Teamflation 628 01:01:10.960 --> 01:01:16.840 Reduction Active is basically a series of incentives that give everyone who invests in energy 629 01:01:16.920 --> 01:01:22.519 and give money back to the companies, to the people they buy cars from. 630 01:01:23.920 --> 01:01:29.960 You see that initially this law signed by the President of Baden, said 631 01:01:30.079 --> 01:01:36.599 that those Americans who bought electric cars were going to be returned money in their 632 01:01:36.679 --> 01:01:45.119 tax declarations. Fortunately, and that' s where the U S canal government 633 01:01:45.280 --> 01:01:50.320 got alive, and they went on to wade disputes and modify this law to 634 01:01:50.400 --> 01:01:53.199 be built cars in the North American region. And it was one of the 635 01:01:53.239 --> 01:01:59.000 main reasons why Teslab decided to come and put his plant here, that effect 636 01:01:59.119 --> 01:02:02.679 of bringing more chapter and that we are attractive, not because of the issue 637 01:02:02.719 --> 01:02:07.880 of public administration, not because of the issue of security, for many issues 638 01:02:07.920 --> 01:02:12.480 that, while they are painful, is what has been appreciating the weight of 639 01:02:12.599 --> 01:02:15.760 China, as it has come down in its economy and the part that the 640 01:02:15.800 --> 01:02:24.639 dollar has also been weakening. However, one of the points of risk that 641 01:02:24.679 --> 01:02:31.199 I saw quite important, was the pressure points that the Mexican economy has, 642 01:02:31.280 --> 01:02:37.000 because of so much legal uncertainty, for the electoral year and, above all, 643 01:02:37.199 --> 01:02:43.400 for the indexes in relationaries. That could potentially play us the other way 644 01:02:43.440 --> 01:02:47.079 around and in the next few months volatility, because we would happen what each 645 01:02:47.119 --> 01:02:51.679 sexenia a time plan that runs out of the sexenium and the weight comes down. 646 01:02:52.000 --> 01:02:52.920 I hope it doesn' t happen. But, because what I was 647 01:02:52.920 --> 01:03:00.400 reading about this topic and to close with the questions says good. Obviously, 648 01:03:00.639 --> 01:03:07.039 there are many congratulations and we are also asked here whether it is enough in 649 01:03:07.159 --> 01:03:12.159 Mersharring to have international competitiveness, that is, that there is also a need 650 01:03:13.800 --> 01:03:17.239 for more research and technological development and to become a manufacturing country. Yeah, 651 01:03:17.400 --> 01:03:22.960 we definitely do, and, on the other hand, we need you as 652 01:03:22.960 --> 01:03:27.440 a legal man. Today, there seems to be a fan of ending simex 653 01:03:27.599 --> 01:03:37.719 companies and what we are seeing, for example, that the aeronautics law of 654 01:03:37.800 --> 01:03:43.760 reducing the number of flights at Mexico City airport, the militarization of customs, 655 01:03:44.000 --> 01:03:50.639 there are many things that, while not bad and are good ideas. I 656 01:03:50.679 --> 01:03:54.440 mean, the NAM seems to be a copy paste of the Home plan Security. 657 01:03:55.639 --> 01:04:00.599 Boa' s new security profile is a faithful copy of the CITPATI security 658 01:04:00.519 --> 01:04:08.400 profile. They are necessary things, but execution has not been the best, 659 01:04:08.519 --> 01:04:14.800 the best and the most accepted. So, if you need a lot of 660 01:04:14.840 --> 01:04:20.079 things to take advantage of this moment, listen, I said at the last 661 01:04:20.239 --> 01:04:29.760 but well, how do you see the next US elections for Latin America and 662 01:04:29.760 --> 01:04:30.840 they' re going to be transcendent, just as much polarization. We' 663 01:04:30.880 --> 01:04:34.239 re already seeing it. There is not a very strong candidate who is President 664 01:04:34.360 --> 01:04:44.280 Trump. There is an adsverse social and economic scenario for those living in the 665 01:04:44.280 --> 01:04:50.880 United States. There is a lot of discontent and then I was also reading 666 01:04:50.920 --> 01:05:00.280 an article that became quite interesting to me that President Trump promised to end the 667 01:05:00.360 --> 01:05:04.719 war in Russia Ukraine, and I was seeing that they are different points of 668 01:05:04.719 --> 01:05:09.239 view. For the President of Biden, the enemy is Russia, for the 669 01:05:09.320 --> 01:05:12.599 President of Trumpe the enemy China. And in the middle of all that, 670 01:05:13.480 --> 01:05:15.440 because who we' re good for Trump to be, because maybe Mexico certainly 671 01:05:15.440 --> 01:05:21.239 did very well with the President. We don' t know, but they 672 01:05:21.320 --> 01:05:29.679 ' re going to be transcendent and whatever happens in America. Thank you very 673 01:05:29.719 --> 01:05:32.440 much, Alexy. Well, right now. Now the microphone for the panelists 674 01:05:32.519 --> 01:05:43.559 if you want to make a comment Doctor. Thank you, Daniela. Congratulations 675 01:05:44.280 --> 01:05:53.480 Alejandro, really very interesting your talk and very well decorated with your slides. 676 01:05:54.480 --> 01:06:00.320 That map, although it looks strange, but gives us precisely the sense in 677 01:06:00.440 --> 01:06:08.280 the maritime traffic where the ports are and how the maritime lines that are above 678 01:06:09.679 --> 01:06:16.920 all moving, carrying out international trade, are moving. I believe that the 679 01:06:18.039 --> 01:06:26.880 issue is a fundamental issue in order to understand international trade well, not more 680 01:06:27.039 --> 01:06:31.280 in our trade, but in trade around the world. And you' ve 681 01:06:31.280 --> 01:06:36.920 done it, because it' s really extraordinary. I was thinking about it. 682 01:06:38.000 --> 01:06:47.880 When you spoke of Panama, I remembered the Torrijos Carter Treaty, which 683 01:06:48.159 --> 01:06:54.400 gave Panama total absolute control over the canal from nine hundred and ninety- nine. 684 01:06:58.960 --> 01:07:05.840 And the reference to what led me to think is that, because you 685 01:07:05.960 --> 01:07:15.440 said something historically, geopolitics has served us, and what I reflected is that 686 01:07:16.039 --> 01:07:27.239 the current government would have had, would have applied the historical experience we had 687 01:07:27.519 --> 01:07:34.800 with that stretch of the isthmus of Teguantepec, of course, in which in 688 01:07:34.960 --> 01:07:45.800 the time of Porfirio Díaz, of course that corridor opened and worked. It 689 01:07:45.000 --> 01:07:51.960 worked well for a good number of years with profits for our country. But 690 01:07:53.000 --> 01:08:00.599 when the Panama Canal arises, this because our traffics are falling apart. We 691 01:08:00.760 --> 01:08:09.280 are trying to do that when, geopolitically, exclusive economic zones were more acceptable. 692 01:08:10.000 --> 01:08:14.280 It' s a very personal opinion. Of course, exclusive economic zones 693 01:08:15.519 --> 01:08:20.760 such as China, which gave it a great rise shen Chen, which was 694 01:08:20.840 --> 01:08:27.840 a fishing village of five thousand inhabitants, now has several million people and has 695 01:08:28.119 --> 01:08:43.159 the most important industrial and manufacturing companies. Why, because geopolitically it is very 696 01:08:43.279 --> 01:08:49.640 close to Hong Kong has everything for precisely with that vision that the Chinese had 697 01:08:50.119 --> 01:08:57.279 to be an exclusive economic zone, the most important and that it has the 698 01:08:57.359 --> 01:09:01.239 best development. And that' s why I set it as an example in 699 01:09:01.359 --> 01:09:09.199 China and the world. And those are precisely the geopolitical aspects that are necessary, 700 01:09:09.319 --> 01:09:16.079 especially for our rulers, to analyze to take action on many things. 701 01:09:16.359 --> 01:09:24.800 But speaking of international trade in this branch, if we had thought better about 702 01:09:24.920 --> 01:09:30.439 continuing with those areas, I think we would have done better than with the 703 01:09:30.439 --> 01:09:36.720 transoceanicism, which is being attempted, because historically we have seen that congratulations have 704 01:09:36.760 --> 01:09:45.000 failed. Alejandro extraordinary so much I loved your talk very well really, uh, 705 01:09:45.159 --> 01:09:53.640 thank you, thank you, very much listen gras comments, because here 706 01:09:53.680 --> 01:09:58.000 there are many congratulations. The truth is that they say the masterful way you 707 01:09:58.319 --> 01:10:02.760 expose it, not applauding your exhibition and take the opportunity to throw the entire 708 01:10:02.800 --> 01:10:08.039 three- week team in Mexico and let' s barter to give you this 709 01:10:08.039 --> 01:10:11.600 virtual recognition, Alex. The truth is, thank you very much for sharing 710 01:10:12.279 --> 01:10:15.079 your knowledge, Alejandro al licenciado, Alejandro Alcalte, for doing a little in 711 01:10:15.119 --> 01:10:18.479 the usual practice with the geopolitical issue and foreign trade, on September 6 of 712 01:10:18.479 --> 01:10:21.520 the two thousand twenty- three, signed by Dr Fede la Torre and your 713 01:10:21.520 --> 01:10:26.359 servant, Alex. Thank you so much. Really super practical. Thank you 714 01:10:26.439 --> 01:10:30.800 always a pleasure to greet you, a privilege to be here thanks to everyone, 715 01:10:30.039 --> 01:10:38.840 to my friends who gave me your greetings. Good afternoon we' ve 716 01:10:38.880 --> 01:10:41.479 reached the end of today' s trout. Thank you so much for joining 717 01:10:41.479 --> 01:10:45.279 us. This was let' s make a viazom barter an event of tels 718 01:10:45.279 --> 01:10:48.760 Magas and Mexico. If you like this talk, don' t forget to 719 01:10:48.800 --> 01:10:55.119 share each event with your contacts so that we continue to spread knowledge and stay 720 01:10:55.119 --> 01:10:59.439 up to date. Find all our talks through our online education platform, entering 721 01:10:59.479 --> 01:11:05.520 www FTAs Mexico com mx in the course section, where you can see them 722 01:11:05.520 --> 01:11:12.880 again without things. If you are interested in any specific topic, send us 723 01:11:12.920 --> 01:11:15.800 a message through the social networks of Magas TVs in Mexico and we will look 724 01:11:15.840 --> 01:11:18.840 for an expert who can clarify your doubts. This was let' s make 725 01:11:18.520 --> 01:11:18.840 a truek.