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Ask What Up? What Up?
Everybody? Welcome to another episode of Let's

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Ask Paul. My name is Paul
Abernath, your host for this podcast.

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Thanks for taking the time out of
your day to join me. Maybe you're

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I don't know how you're listening,
but your folks are listening because we're constantly

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getting hundreds of thousands of downloads monthly
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I guess is Master the NEC podcast,

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which also has all of these Let's
Ask Paul series on there as well,

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And it's available on all of your
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you check that out. It's a
free resource. You can't go wrong with

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free, right, No, you
can't. All right, So let's get

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into the day's episode. It's gonna
be kind of a treat for folks today.

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We're gonna talk a little bit about
wireways, metal wireways, now metallic

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wireways, and it'll kind of just
I'm just gonna give you a blurb about

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when a wireway is used as an
auxiliary gutter. Yeah, so a lot

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of people think that a wireway and
an auxiliary gutter, and now how they're

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used is different. Okay, and
of course today we're gonna be talking really

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about how to size a wireway.
Okay, so that's kind of the topic

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for today that was asked of me, said, Paul, could you please

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explain how to size wireway one when
all the conductors ended are the same size,

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and then of course what happens if
they're different sizes that you know you're

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gonna put in there because you know
what you're going to be running to,

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whatever equipment it is. How do
you make sure that your wire away is

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sized properly at that point? So
that's what we're going to talk about into

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the day's episode. I don't know
how long it's going to go, but

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I'm gonna try to give you as
much information as I can. I know

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that a lot of you listen to
this on the road on the job site

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and your headphones, and again we
want to give you some education, kind

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of give you something to take away. Maybe you've never installed a wire away,

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or maybe you've ever installed an auxiliary
gutter. Okay, so the topic

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of the day is not about the
auxiliary gutter. We'll have that for a

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different episode. We're really focused on
the question about sizing wireways. But I

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figured I could not get into this
topic without making it clear what the difference

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is. Okay, So when we
talk about metal wireways, whether it's non

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metallic or metallic, the key difference
is that one is made of sheet metal

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and the other is flame retardant plastic, if you will. Non a non

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metallic wireway would be like a PVC
or some type of flame retardant material.

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Right, So you've got metal,
and you've got what's not metal, And

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what is a wireway used for.
Well, it's it's a trough with hinged

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or removable cover for housing and protecting
electrical wires and cables, and in which

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conductors are laid in place, Okay, laid in place after the raceway has

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been installed as a complete system.
So again one big difference is that the

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wireways are raceways, okay. And
an auxiliary gutter is not. So now

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an auxiliary gutter and it differs from
a wireway in a sense that when you

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think of an auxiliary gutter, it's
doing what it's auxiliary, it's adding additional

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space. Right. It's the easiest
way that I can can tell you now,

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a wireway itself, whether it's you
know, two inches by two four

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by four, six by six,
eight by eight, whatever your dimensions are

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of your wireway, okay, can
serve as an auxiliary gutter. Okay.

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So that's one of the key things
to remember. Now they have, you

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know, a non metallic auxiliary gutters, and they have metallic or metal auxiliary

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gutters the same as you know,
obviously the same as the wireway, Okay,

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the key difference. And you look
at a definition and in the twenty

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twenty three edition of the National Metrical
Code, all those definitions from article three

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sixty six, three seventy six three
seven day, all of that gets moved

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to article one hundreds. That's another
example of why it's just makes so much

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more sense if jurisdictions would just adopt
the latest edition so people don't get confused.

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There's not enough mind blowing changes that
are going to cause people to have

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confusion. Really, it's just a
buratic bs that around the country. That's

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that's all it really is. Once
that new code comes out, give you

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six months to adapt, people get
ready, and then damn it, adopt

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the new code. But you know, it's it's a politics thing. It's

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a chest pounding thing. State to
state. Usually we have people that are

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in position to make these changes.
Really don't have a damn clue what they're

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doing anyway, so that's why it
gets marred and all this bs electrician just

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as like, dude, I'm ready
to just go. I'm ready to go.

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Just next editions here, get my
new fresh codebook and let me just

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get it, okay anyway. Auxentary
gutters is a sheet metal same as before

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for a metal wireway. It is
a sheet metal enclosure used to supplement wire

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space at meter centers, distribution centers, switch gear switchboards, and similar points

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in the wiring system. The enclosure
has hinge or removable covers okay, just

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like a wireway okay, movable covers, housing and for protecting electrical wires,

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cables, and bus bars. The
enclosure is designed for conductors to be laid

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or set in place after the enclosure
has been installed as a complete system.

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So typically an auxiliary gutter is adding
additional supplemental wiring space for routing four things

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like meter centers, distributors, and
centers. Switch gear switchboards are similar like

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that, So you could use a
mental wireway as an auxiliary gutter to supplement

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the space for those types of equipment. Okay, but Typically we see wireways

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just installed separately for raceways that are
enter into it, so the conductors can

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change route direction or whatnot like that. But usually the biggest difference that helps

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people visualize this is that wireways are
not Typically when we're looking at at as

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wireways, they're not trying to achieve
supplemental wiring space for a meteor enclosure or

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distribution equipment. Okay, that would
be more like an auxiliary gutter, which

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could be made to the same material. Okay, So what we're looking at

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is typically out in the middle of
a run, you've got this wireway and

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you're gonna be running conductors through it, and you're like, okay, how

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do I size that? Right?
So we're not going to size gutters today,

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even though it still has that same
concept, right, it's still the

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same scenario for sizing the gutter is
going to be very similar to what we

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have when it comes to a wireway. Okay, that means the number of

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conductors not exceed the twenty percent cross
sectional area, whether it's a metal or

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a non metallic alary. But we're
not gonna do that today. We're gonna

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save three sixty six for auxiliary gutters. For a different episode because the question

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was asked to me was about wire
ways. So that's where we're gonna We're

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gonna focus our time on wireways today. Okay, all right. So one

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of the aspects of the question that
came in about wireways is how do you

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size it or how do you find
the maximum number of a certain size conductor

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that can go in a wireway if
all the conductors are the same size.

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So we're gonna do that. And
then the next part of that question is,

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well, what if I know the
conductors are going to put in there

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and there are different sizes, then
what's the best way to size to pick

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what size wireway do we need based
on those different size conductors. So we

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have two different two different scenarios there
will be utilizing. I'm gonna show you

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both today, so you'd come away
with the scenario of how to do both,

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okay, And the first way is
when they're all the same size.

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The next ways when they're all different
size, But you could still utilize that

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method if they still were all the
same size and you want to see what

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size minimum wireway do you need?
Okay, same concept. I just I

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feel it behooves me to give you
all the possible scenarios. Okay, So,

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as you know, wireways are available
in metallic anometallic. They're designed with

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hinge or removable covers. They provide
the ability to change jet directions. They're

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designed to be in a complete system
between raceways, and that's kind of how

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they differ from an auxiliary gutter.
And of course they could be custom built.

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The off the shelf. You can
get them two inch by two,

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four by four, six by six
by eight, ten by ten, twelve

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by twelve. But you can go
and as long as the the person it's

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creating them, if it's a sheet
metal one, as long as they follow

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the construction requirements within the n EC
or any industry applicable standard, then they're

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okay. They're they're not required to
be listed, right, And that's important

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because if you were to go look, you had your codebook and you grabbed

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it and you pulled it out and
you said, okay, I'm gonna go

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to three seventy six, you'll notice
that there is no dot six there.

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Now. Dot six is the listing
requirements, So you're gonna notice that right

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away there's not a listing requirement there. That does not mean a manufacturer won't

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go get some listing, okay,
or they might give you for intended use

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application from the manufacturer, and that's
what it's to be used for. But

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that certainly doesn't stop an individual from
going to a local sheet metal shop right

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and saying, hey, man,
I need you to I need you to

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make me a I need you to
do me favor. I need you to

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make me a wire away and they
go, okay, well how do I

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how do I make it? What
do you want me to do? Okay,

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well I'm gonna I'm gonna give you, tell you exactly what I need

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you to make me, all right, And so they make it right.

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So, so again not wired to
be listed at all. Okay, it

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does give you some you know,
insight on the substantial construction, uh and

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again all that type of stuff,
but that's that's about. It tells you

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that the corners have to be made
tight and they held together with rivets,

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bolts or screws or such fasteners,
should be state space not more than twelve

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inches apart, smooth rounded edges,
all that type of thing. And again,

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if they want it, you go
ahead. You know. Again,

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that's a probably a misconception that people
think that you that they have to be

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listed. No, they can be
custom made. You just have to follow

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the rules and three seventy six dot
one hundred A through D and you know,

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have at it. Okay, Okay, anyway, let's get back to

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what our topic today is. So
the individual wants to know, first of

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all, what do we do if
I have a wire away. Let's say

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I already have a size, right, and I want to say, okay,

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well I have a size, a
specific size of a wireway, and

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I want to know what's the maximum
number of conductors that I can put in

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they're of the same size. Okay, So we're talking this first. We're

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not going to do ampacity adjustments today. That's a different episode. We're simply

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talking about the cross sectional area kind
of similar to raceway, Phil, but

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we're doing it with a wireway,
and you're gonna use the same techniques and

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same principles that you have with a
raceway fil for this, because this is

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a raceway. A wireway is a
raceway. It's just the difference is that

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it's square and you got to do
a little you know, you have to

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do math, Okay, not difficult
math. If you're in the field you

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get, you got calculators on your
phone. If you're in an exam,

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00:14:01,399 --> 00:14:07,240
you need to have a calculator and
make life easy for you and be able

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to do this. But it's not
brain surgery, but you need to know

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how to do it. Okay,
So we're gonna go with the first scenario.

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Now in the National Electrical Code where
you're going to be looking for a

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metallic A wire away is three seventy
six dot twenty two, because that's what

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we're talking about the number of conductors. And of course that's two parts there

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because it also deals with ampacities,
and there's an A and to B and

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again I'm in the twenty twenty three
edition of the NEC, so be aware

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of that. But we're not going
to be talking about the issue where you're

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not exceeding thirty at any cross sectional
area and not gonna have to apply any

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adjustment factor. We're only talking in
this episode about how many physical conductors can

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I put in a race way and
not exceed the twenty percent? Where does

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that twenty percent come from? That
comes from three seventy six dot twenty two.

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A. Now, if you're if
you're in the non metallic wireways.

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Okay, the same scenario it's going
to be in three seventy eight twenty two.

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Now, one of the big differences
here is they're very specific for ampacity

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about the adjustment factors not being applicable
up to thirty when it comes to the

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metal. But when it's a non
metallic then again that becomes an issue where

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the adjustment factors do take place.
And that's three ten fifteen C one.

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Again, totally different episode, but
I would be remiss if I didn't at

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least you mentioned something about that that
we we know it, because again today

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we're just talking conductors, all right, So let's look at the scenario here

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maximum number. Now, the first
thing we have to remember is the sum

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of the cross section area of all
the conductors that are going into this wireway

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cannot exceed twenty percent. That's a
twenty percent and fill. And that includes

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all conductors, by the way,
and not just current carrying conductors, So

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that every conductor that's going to go
through any cross sectional area of this wireway

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cannot exceed twenty percent. Right,
So if you're looking at three seventy six

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twenty two, and for this episode, we're we're gonna stick in the wire.

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00:16:19,519 --> 00:16:22,320
I mean, we're gonna stick in
the metal. Just the simplicity say,

204
00:16:22,399 --> 00:16:26,440
because it's identical to the non metallic
when it comes for the number of

205
00:16:26,440 --> 00:16:30,600
conductor aspect of it, not the
ampacity, but the number of conductors.

206
00:16:30,679 --> 00:16:33,639
Right, are the adjustments. All
we're doing is conductors. So here's what

207
00:16:33,679 --> 00:16:38,480
it says. It says the sum
of the cross sectional area of all contained

208
00:16:38,519 --> 00:16:42,799
conductors. Notice it doesn't say just
current carrying. It is all contained conductors

209
00:16:44,679 --> 00:16:51,799
and cables at any cross section of
a wireway shall not exceed twenty percent of

210
00:16:51,840 --> 00:16:56,960
the interior cross sectional area of the
wireway. So twenty percent is your max.

211
00:16:57,799 --> 00:17:03,919
You can't exceed it. So if
we're looking at that, we're thinking,

212
00:17:03,960 --> 00:17:07,039
okay, well I've got eighty percent
which is going to be just air,

213
00:17:07,599 --> 00:17:11,920
and twenty percent is going to be
conductor volume, right that we can't

214
00:17:11,920 --> 00:17:15,279
exceed. So this is where people
make a lot of mistakes. They go

215
00:17:15,319 --> 00:17:21,119
to a job and they want us
they come to add conductors later and they

216
00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:22,440
look at it and they see something
and they think, well, shit,

217
00:17:22,559 --> 00:17:26,039
there's plenty of room in there.
I can definitely cram a little more in

218
00:17:26,079 --> 00:17:30,920
there. Because I'm telling you right
now, if you're looking at twenty percent

219
00:17:30,960 --> 00:17:34,119
conductor phil and then you're looking at
eighty percent avoided airspace and you come into

220
00:17:34,160 --> 00:17:37,599
this box you're thinking, or this
wire away and you're thinking, shit,

221
00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:42,160
I've got plenty of room. Well
you really don't. Now, I'm not

222
00:17:42,240 --> 00:17:48,920
here to do to get into the
practical realities of well I nobody will know.

223
00:17:48,359 --> 00:17:52,440
Or it's can't one more, can't
hurt. The code is the code,

224
00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:56,079
folks. And I hate when people
tell me and they say, well,

225
00:17:56,119 --> 00:17:57,400
Paul, you're just you're not a
realist. You're not in the real

226
00:17:57,440 --> 00:18:03,640
world, dude. Or do debt. It is what it is. If

227
00:18:03,680 --> 00:18:07,920
I'm a contractor and I'm doing this
math because I'm a professional, and I

228
00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:11,680
see this wireway and it's filled to
the brim, and somebody wants me to

229
00:18:11,680 --> 00:18:14,880
add some additional circuits conductors in there, I'm gonna say no, I'm sorry,

230
00:18:15,759 --> 00:18:18,759
I can't. We need to either
increase the size of this wire away

231
00:18:18,839 --> 00:18:22,400
or change something because I can now
you do you. I'm just saying I

232
00:18:22,519 --> 00:18:26,480
follow the code. You do whatever
you want to do just to cash a

233
00:18:26,519 --> 00:18:30,240
paycheck. That set's up to you. But I'm not getting a foot surgeon

234
00:18:30,319 --> 00:18:33,000
to do my brain surgery. You
know what I'm saying. I'm a professional,

235
00:18:33,079 --> 00:18:37,160
and if I do the math and
it's not to the minimum standard,

236
00:18:37,519 --> 00:18:41,200
then I'm gonna make it right,
or I'm gonna at least give that option

237
00:18:41,240 --> 00:18:42,000
to the client, and if they
say no, then I just say,

238
00:18:42,039 --> 00:18:45,160
okay, well you can't have it, or I'm gonna find some alternative way

239
00:18:45,160 --> 00:18:51,759
to make it happen. I'm not
just gonna overtly throw some extra conductors into

240
00:18:52,240 --> 00:18:56,079
a wire away just because I'm trying
to cash a check. And I'm telling

241
00:18:56,079 --> 00:19:02,160
you why, because I will get
called out when something does happen, and

242
00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:06,519
inevitably it may happen, and your
insurance is not going to cover you when

243
00:19:06,559 --> 00:19:10,759
I go out there and I do
the calculation and find out that those conductors

244
00:19:10,759 --> 00:19:15,119
should not have gone in there,
that the radial heat and the ambient temperature

245
00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:18,279
calls that insulation to break down,
fault it out, calls it a fire,

246
00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:21,960
and I'm going to pin it on
you, and I don't care if

247
00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:26,359
you're my brethren electrician. I'm going
to hammer you under. That's what an

248
00:19:26,359 --> 00:19:30,799
expert witness does, that's what a
consultant does. Okay, So I'm going

249
00:19:30,880 --> 00:19:34,640
to throw you under the bus.
I'm just telling you right now. So

250
00:19:36,920 --> 00:19:40,920
it's important for you to do things
right. Okay. So now when we

251
00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:44,559
think about that twenty percent, phil, it includes again all conductors, not

252
00:19:44,599 --> 00:19:51,200
just current caring conductors. So in
addition, wireways shall not contain conductors actually

253
00:19:51,359 --> 00:19:55,920
larger than what they are designed for. All right, So you have some

254
00:19:56,039 --> 00:20:00,559
wireways might give the instructions from the
manufacturer that says the maximum eyes can go

255
00:20:00,599 --> 00:20:04,240
in here, but you also want
to make sure and that can go kind

256
00:20:04,279 --> 00:20:10,039
of generically that I am not going
to put a number of conductors in there

257
00:20:10,640 --> 00:20:15,440
that it will ultimately exceed the volume
of twenty percent that I can have there.

258
00:20:15,960 --> 00:20:18,359
That's not the mission. So that's
kind of just a generic kind of

259
00:20:18,400 --> 00:20:23,599
statement. Now, if you're looking
at auxiliary gutters, I will remind you

260
00:20:23,640 --> 00:20:26,680
that is Article three sixty six.
We'll be talking about that. The same

261
00:20:26,799 --> 00:20:33,000
kind of field requirement is there.
But again remembering auxiliary gutter is to supplement

262
00:20:33,039 --> 00:20:38,240
space for that equipment. Wireways do
not necessarily need to do that. Okay.

263
00:20:40,119 --> 00:20:42,279
Now, you could use a wireway
maybe to use it as an auxiliary

264
00:20:42,319 --> 00:20:47,039
gutter, but in this case we're
not talking about that aspect of it.

265
00:20:47,039 --> 00:20:52,759
We're just talking about a wireway that's
between race ways, that is could be

266
00:20:52,799 --> 00:20:56,920
anywhere in the system, Okay,
And we want to make sure we size

267
00:20:56,920 --> 00:21:00,680
it for the number of conductors that
are going true, and we don't want

268
00:21:00,680 --> 00:21:07,680
to see twenty percent of the actual
area of this wireway. Okay. So

269
00:21:07,839 --> 00:21:12,200
we're working out of Article three seventy
six, I believe because we're working in

270
00:21:12,440 --> 00:21:18,759
metal wireways for our example. All
right. So another thing that I will

271
00:21:18,799 --> 00:21:23,960
remind you is that we are so
used to seeing tables when you're doing raceway,

272
00:21:25,039 --> 00:21:27,960
Phil, You've got these nifty tables, Chapter nine, Table four,

273
00:21:29,160 --> 00:21:33,960
Table five. If it's bear conductors, you're going to table A to get

274
00:21:33,960 --> 00:21:37,240
the square inch values when you're you
know, figuring the volume for these conductors.

275
00:21:38,440 --> 00:21:45,319
When it comes to figuring the actual
area of the wire you've got to

276
00:21:45,359 --> 00:21:48,680
do a little math. There's no
nifty table for that twenty percent, Phil,

277
00:21:48,160 --> 00:21:52,799
Right, You're gonna have to do
something right so where it is a

278
00:21:52,839 --> 00:21:56,920
little different. So since there is
no table, you're gonna have to calculate

279
00:21:56,920 --> 00:22:02,799
this value. Now, to find
the maximum allowed for a wireway, I

280
00:22:02,880 --> 00:22:06,559
first have to find the total area
of the wireway. In square inches,

281
00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:11,839
and I simply multiplied the depth of
the wireway times the height of the wireway.

282
00:22:11,880 --> 00:22:17,400
So let's say we have a six
by six wireway. That's standard size.

283
00:22:17,559 --> 00:22:19,759
Standard size wireway comes in all different
ones six by six, four by

284
00:22:19,759 --> 00:22:22,400
four, eight by eight, but
this is a standard typical size that you

285
00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:26,680
can get from any supply house.
Now, if I'm gonna do that six

286
00:22:26,720 --> 00:22:33,000
by six, that's gonna give me
thirty six square inches. The area that

287
00:22:33,200 --> 00:22:41,960
thirty six inches is then what multiplied
by twenty percent fill factor, So thirty

288
00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:44,960
six times twenty percent. Or if
you're like me, you'd like to take

289
00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:47,799
percentages and convert them in the decimals, start at the right side of the

290
00:22:47,920 --> 00:22:51,279
zero moved to places to the left. Twenty percent is point two zero.

291
00:22:51,680 --> 00:22:55,480
However you want to do it,
that ends up being thirty six times point

292
00:22:55,519 --> 00:23:00,920
two zero, and that is seven
point two square inches. So seven point

293
00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:08,480
two square inches represents twenty percent of
that thirty six square inches, which is

294
00:23:08,480 --> 00:23:15,480
the volume of that wireway. Okay, and I can't I can't go past

295
00:23:15,599 --> 00:23:22,119
that. Seven point two square inches
makes sense. So logically, if I'm

296
00:23:22,119 --> 00:23:25,720
doing a race way, I'm excuse
me, I've been doing a wire away

297
00:23:26,920 --> 00:23:30,319
where all the conductors are the same
size. So in our example, let's

298
00:23:30,319 --> 00:23:34,200
say that they're three at okay,
three slash zero three aught, which actually

299
00:23:34,240 --> 00:23:40,200
it's three naught, but you get
in three at thhn. So the first

300
00:23:40,240 --> 00:23:44,480
thing that I'm going to need to
do is I go to chapter nine and

301
00:23:44,559 --> 00:23:48,440
I go to table five, because
remember we don't have a fill like in

302
00:23:48,559 --> 00:23:52,319
table four for raceway fill. So
we got to go to table five and

303
00:23:52,400 --> 00:23:57,960
find out what the actual area is, okay, of that three at conductor

304
00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:03,720
then it's th ten. So I
go to table five of chapter nine and

305
00:24:03,759 --> 00:24:08,680
I'm gonna look it up, and
it appears that the actual area for that

306
00:24:10,359 --> 00:24:18,000
three ot is zero point two six
seven nine. Okay, So that's just

307
00:24:18,079 --> 00:24:22,400
the area for one of them.
So to find out the maximum number that

308
00:24:22,440 --> 00:24:26,319
I can put in this wire away
and not exceed that seven point two square

309
00:24:26,319 --> 00:24:33,920
inches is take that seven point two
and divide it by zero point two six

310
00:24:34,079 --> 00:24:38,799
seven nine, and that comes up
to twenty six point eight seven. Well,

311
00:24:38,839 --> 00:24:44,279
you can't have a point eight seven
of a conductor, okay, just

312
00:24:44,359 --> 00:24:48,400
can't magically round it up and create
a conductor. You only round ams.

313
00:24:48,440 --> 00:24:51,880
We're not talking ams, So you
drop that point eight seven, you get

314
00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:56,559
rid of it. So the maximum
number is twenty six. So I can

315
00:24:56,640 --> 00:25:04,400
have twenty six three at in a
six by six metal wireway, but in

316
00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:07,759
this case it could also be a
non metallic wireway. Wouldn't matter when it

317
00:25:07,759 --> 00:25:12,119
comes to the number of conductors,
and that's the maximum number of conductors that

318
00:25:12,200 --> 00:25:19,880
I can pass through this wireway makes
sense. So that's pretty easy and straightforward.

319
00:25:19,920 --> 00:25:22,839
If all the conductors are the same
size, that's an easy way to

320
00:25:22,880 --> 00:25:29,599
do it, right. Yeah,
what if all the conductors we have some

321
00:25:29,680 --> 00:25:33,160
different sizes involved here, and you're
the electrician, right, you know what

322
00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:36,160
you're gonna run. You know,
you got a circuit running here there.

323
00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:38,240
You know how you're going to be
running it, right, And so you're

324
00:25:38,279 --> 00:25:41,319
like, okay, let me let
me, let me see if I can

325
00:25:41,359 --> 00:25:47,319
work this one here. I need
to determine, okay, what size wireway

326
00:25:47,359 --> 00:25:49,440
I need based on my condition of
use, how many conductors I have?

327
00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:53,119
All right, So again the same
as before, when you're sizing this wire

328
00:25:53,160 --> 00:25:57,720
away, you know, and I
know how many conductors I'm going to be

329
00:25:57,799 --> 00:26:03,799
putting in this wireway, then it's
pretty straightforward. I always have to start

330
00:26:03,519 --> 00:26:07,880
by finding the total area of the
conductor, right, And so I'm going

331
00:26:07,960 --> 00:26:12,119
to be going to table five of
chapter nine, just like I would for

332
00:26:12,240 --> 00:26:17,119
raceway field. No different because this
wireway is a raceway. It's just different.

333
00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:21,119
It's not a circular raceway. Okay, So I'm still gonna go to

334
00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:26,640
get that area of that conductor.
And again Chapter nine, Table five.

335
00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:32,920
Now, remember that's for instantly conductors. If you have compact conductors, Compact

336
00:26:33,079 --> 00:26:37,400
is the stranding configuration of the conductive
material, whether it's copper or aluminum.

337
00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:41,839
More prominent in aluminum than it is
copper, because it just would be pointless

338
00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:45,720
to have compact copper. Although it's
available, it really doesn't save you anything

339
00:26:47,200 --> 00:26:51,799
for racewayfield. It really doesn't.
Not enough that makes it worth all of

340
00:26:51,839 --> 00:26:56,440
that extra expense to get compact over
traditional type of copper stranding. But anyway,

341
00:26:56,519 --> 00:27:00,640
if you did have compact, then
you would use table five A to

342
00:27:00,640 --> 00:27:06,720
get your values. Traditionally we would
use table five for insulated conductors. And

343
00:27:06,759 --> 00:27:10,880
if you have any bear in there, you're going to get that value from

344
00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:14,400
table eight of chapter nine. So
you've got your three tables that you work

345
00:27:14,440 --> 00:27:18,359
with in order to find my area
Okay, of the conductors that are in

346
00:27:18,440 --> 00:27:23,160
question. Okay, Now, once
I know that I can compile that,

347
00:27:23,640 --> 00:27:27,519
then I'm gonna take the total area
of these conductors and I'm gonna divide it

348
00:27:27,519 --> 00:27:33,440
by twenty percent. Or I could
take that area and multiply it by five,

349
00:27:33,519 --> 00:27:37,839
and five is a derivative, whereas
you have twenty percent times five is

350
00:27:37,839 --> 00:27:41,200
one hundred percent. So most people
just want to use division and use twenty

351
00:27:41,200 --> 00:27:44,680
percent, which again would be point
two zero. If you convert it to

352
00:27:44,720 --> 00:27:48,640
decimal, then it would be to
multiply by five. That is totally your

353
00:27:48,720 --> 00:27:52,160
choice and how you like to do
your math. Okay, Now, once

354
00:27:52,200 --> 00:27:56,319
I have that number, then I
simply press the square root button on my

355
00:27:56,400 --> 00:27:59,160
calculator. Do not try to do
this in the field. And if you're

356
00:27:59,160 --> 00:28:02,799
taking an exam, just make sure
your calculate has square root and you need

357
00:28:02,839 --> 00:28:06,200
to invest in a good calculator anyway. Nobody needs to try to do this

358
00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:08,160
ship in a field in your head
anymore. That's why we have calculators.

359
00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:14,519
I'm just saying, Okay, let's
embrace technology, folks. Okay, you're

360
00:28:14,920 --> 00:28:17,680
not any smarter than the other electrician. Just because you might be a little

361
00:28:17,720 --> 00:28:21,039
bit better at math. Nobody gives
a damn. Just learn how to use

362
00:28:21,079 --> 00:28:23,160
your calculator. Okay, it's pretty
simple. We're not here to be a

363
00:28:23,200 --> 00:28:30,160
mathematician, right So anyway, so
that's what we got. So let's let's

364
00:28:30,240 --> 00:28:32,680
run you an example and I'll show
you how easy this is to do.

365
00:28:32,799 --> 00:28:34,920
So let's say we want to size
a wire away and we've got an installation

366
00:28:34,920 --> 00:28:40,680
where we got four or five hundred
kcy mills TGen, we got four three

367
00:28:40,799 --> 00:28:45,680
hundred kc mill tjgens, and we
got three five hundred kcy mill t gens.

368
00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:48,519
Okay, let's say that's what we
got. What we got going on,

369
00:28:49,359 --> 00:28:52,119
all right, So first thing I'm
gonna do is I'm going to go

370
00:28:52,160 --> 00:28:55,599
to chapter nine, Table five.
As I told you, I need to

371
00:28:55,640 --> 00:28:57,960
find the area for each one of
these conductors first, and then we'll multiply

372
00:28:59,079 --> 00:29:02,200
that by the number for each But
we first have to find the value.

373
00:29:03,799 --> 00:29:07,400
So I'm gonna go to chapter nine, Table five, and I'm gonna go

374
00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:11,839
to thhh N and I'm gonna look
for five hundred kc mill and I believe

375
00:29:11,880 --> 00:29:17,000
that is zero point seven zero seven
three square inches and that's just one conductor

376
00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:21,359
okay, so I'm writing that down. The next one is a three hundred

377
00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:29,960
kc mill THHN, and that is
zero point four six zero eight square inches.

378
00:29:30,160 --> 00:29:33,599
Gonna write that down. And then
while i'm there, I'm gonna get

379
00:29:33,640 --> 00:29:37,039
the size for the two fifty kc
mill, which is zero point three nine

380
00:29:37,359 --> 00:29:41,640
seven zero square inches. So I've
got these three written down. So now

381
00:29:41,720 --> 00:29:45,039
since there was four of those five
hundreds, I'm just gonna take that zero

382
00:29:45,079 --> 00:29:48,920
point seven zero seven three. I'm
going to multiply that by four, and

383
00:29:48,960 --> 00:29:52,480
that gives me two point eight two
nine two. That's the one you want

384
00:29:52,559 --> 00:29:56,839
there. The next is you're gonna
take that value for that three hundred kc

385
00:29:56,960 --> 00:30:00,640
mill, which is zero point four
six zero eight, and you're going to

386
00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:03,599
multiply that by four because there was
four three hundred ksey mills. So that's

387
00:30:03,599 --> 00:30:07,160
going to give you a total summation
of one point eight four three two for

388
00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:11,559
those for all four of those three
hundred ksey mills. And then the last

389
00:30:11,599 --> 00:30:15,319
one was the two fifty ksey mill, and that was zero point three nine

390
00:30:15,400 --> 00:30:18,920
seven zero. Multiply that by three
because there was three of those, and

391
00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:23,079
let's give you a total of one
point one nine one zero. Now,

392
00:30:23,160 --> 00:30:26,119
remember what I said at the beginning, it's all about the summation. We

393
00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:30,240
have to add up all of the
area of the conductors first, and then

394
00:30:30,279 --> 00:30:36,119
we're gonna either multiply that by five
or divided by twenty percent. Your choice

395
00:30:36,119 --> 00:30:38,480
and how you want to move that
math. So that's two point eight two

396
00:30:38,599 --> 00:30:45,599
nine two plus one point eight four
three two plus one point one nine one

397
00:30:45,720 --> 00:30:48,480
zero. Add that all up.
That is five point eight six three four

398
00:30:49,319 --> 00:30:56,759
square inches. So that represents the
value of area that all of these conductors

399
00:30:56,880 --> 00:31:02,440
take up. Rights. It's all
its area it takes up. Now,

400
00:31:02,839 --> 00:31:06,319
what I want to do at that
point is simply do what I can.

401
00:31:06,359 --> 00:31:10,000
Either again, divide that by twenty
percent, and if you've got a calculator,

402
00:31:10,480 --> 00:31:12,759
then you simply take that. I'm
gonna take that, and I'm gonna

403
00:31:12,799 --> 00:31:15,200
do it with you. If you've
got a calculator, show y'all easy.

404
00:31:15,240 --> 00:31:19,319
This is to do. So a
five point eight six three four and I'm

405
00:31:19,319 --> 00:31:25,119
gonna divide that by point two zero, right, and hold only there,

406
00:31:25,160 --> 00:31:30,480
I gotta get my calculator. Have
five point eight six three four divided by

407
00:31:30,599 --> 00:31:37,480
point two zero, and that gives
me twenty nine point three one seven.

408
00:31:37,440 --> 00:31:44,519
Now I could also take that five
point eight six three four and multiply that

409
00:31:44,559 --> 00:31:48,839
by five, which again remember five
is a derivative of five twenty per cents

410
00:31:48,839 --> 00:31:52,480
into one hundred. So I could
do that and it comes up to the

411
00:31:52,519 --> 00:31:56,799
same number twenty nine point three one
seven. In this case, division is

412
00:31:56,839 --> 00:32:00,559
just makes more sense to people.
Just divide it. As you're trying to

413
00:32:00,599 --> 00:32:04,039
divide it, you get that twenty
percent, So division just makes more sense

414
00:32:04,079 --> 00:32:07,599
to people. Now, once you
have that twenty nine point three seven twenty

415
00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:12,160
nine point three one seven value,
then you're just going to hit the square

416
00:32:12,240 --> 00:32:15,039
root key and that's what's going to
give you the wire away size of five

417
00:32:15,160 --> 00:32:21,440
point four one. Okay. Now
that means that wire away to hold those

418
00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:25,920
conductors to meet the twenty percent has
to be sized at least four I mean,

419
00:32:25,920 --> 00:32:30,319
excuse me, five point four one. Well, you're not gonna find

420
00:32:30,359 --> 00:32:37,079
a five point four one by five
point four one box wire away. No,

421
00:32:37,240 --> 00:32:39,920
you're gonna go to the standard size. The next standard size would be

422
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:45,359
as six by six, right,
and so that's the size you're going to

423
00:32:45,440 --> 00:32:51,599
choose a six by six Okay,
makes sense, all right. So and

424
00:32:51,720 --> 00:32:55,599
at the end of the day it
makes it makes total sense in how you

425
00:32:55,640 --> 00:33:00,839
would work that out. And so
that's how you do it. If you

426
00:33:00,880 --> 00:33:02,880
know the conductor is predetermined, you're
what you're going to be routing through.

427
00:33:02,920 --> 00:33:06,839
And that's what engineers do when they
laying out systems. They know how the

428
00:33:06,839 --> 00:33:10,960
conductors are gonna be routed through.
And so you come along later and you

429
00:33:12,119 --> 00:33:15,279
say, well, you know,
I want to add some conductors here.

430
00:33:15,960 --> 00:33:21,119
You have to be very careful because
you need to know what the area is

431
00:33:21,960 --> 00:33:25,519
of this wireway that's in question.
Then you need to know what the conductors

432
00:33:25,559 --> 00:33:31,160
that are already there consume, and
then you can kind of find the happy

433
00:33:31,240 --> 00:33:37,480
medium to find out, well,
what additional area of conductor can I add

434
00:33:37,480 --> 00:33:43,319
to this? And it's pretty simple
at that point to determine, Okay,

435
00:33:43,960 --> 00:33:46,680
I've got to add additional conductors in
there, So I'm gonna have to do

436
00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:49,720
a little bit, a little bit
more math. I'm gonna have to find

437
00:33:49,720 --> 00:33:54,799
out what the twenty percent is for
the bigger for this wireway, and I

438
00:33:54,880 --> 00:34:00,359
need to see at this point what's
in there, and then how much additional

439
00:34:01,640 --> 00:34:05,640
space do I have? And that
means taking the conductors that are in there,

440
00:34:06,160 --> 00:34:09,239
adding your new conductors to it and
then doing the same math and see

441
00:34:09,239 --> 00:34:14,079
what size wire away it says that
you have and is it adequate or not.

442
00:34:14,239 --> 00:34:15,719
If it's not, then guess what. You're going to increase the size

443
00:34:15,760 --> 00:34:20,039
of that wire away in order to
accommodate it, or you're going to find

444
00:34:20,079 --> 00:34:22,639
another way to take your conductors.
You're not going to be adding them to

445
00:34:22,719 --> 00:34:28,679
that existing wireway. So and that's
at that point that becomes one big cluster,

446
00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:31,519
you know what. And you may
or may not want to do that.

447
00:34:31,599 --> 00:34:35,559
You may say, going to screw
that. I'm not going to reroute

448
00:34:35,599 --> 00:34:37,920
all that crap and take everything out
of there to do that, And I'm

449
00:34:37,920 --> 00:34:39,719
going to go a different direction.
I'm not going to use that wire away.

450
00:34:40,239 --> 00:34:44,920
That's a decision that you have to
make. But anyway, hopefully it

451
00:34:45,039 --> 00:34:52,199
answers the question on how to determine
the sizing of a wireway if I start

452
00:34:52,199 --> 00:34:55,519
out and all the conductors are the
same size, or how do I size

453
00:34:55,519 --> 00:34:59,880
the wireway that I need When I
know the conductors, I'm gonna be in

454
00:35:00,039 --> 00:35:04,039
stalling into it that type of thing. All right, Hopefully that helps you

455
00:35:04,079 --> 00:35:06,880
out a little bit. If there's
anything you want me to expand on this.

456
00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:09,440
You want to show you any other
examples with this, make sure that

457
00:35:09,480 --> 00:35:15,039
you referenced this episode in your response
over at Paul Abernathy dot com. Kind

458
00:35:15,039 --> 00:35:17,599
of give me a synopsis of what
you're asking. Make sure you give me

459
00:35:17,639 --> 00:35:22,960
the code cycle that you're under,
and give me as much detail into a

460
00:35:22,039 --> 00:35:25,280
question that you want to know.
I'm not going to go back and listen

461
00:35:25,280 --> 00:35:29,800
to a podcast again to try to
decipher what you're asking, So you need

462
00:35:29,840 --> 00:35:34,320
to be pretty damn clear what you're
asking me. If you have a follow

463
00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:37,079
up to this episode or any of
the other episodes that are available over on

464
00:35:37,119 --> 00:35:40,519
any of our podcast listening platforms.
All right, hey, folks, remember

465
00:35:40,519 --> 00:35:44,000
you can also listen to all our
podcasts from our app. It's free,

466
00:35:44,039 --> 00:35:45,400
go get it from our website.
Won't cost you. At nine we have

467
00:35:45,440 --> 00:35:49,719
tons of calculators in there. Really
going to make your job easier in the

468
00:35:49,719 --> 00:35:52,679
field. We have Raceway field calculators
and everything. Just make it easy,

469
00:35:52,719 --> 00:35:57,079
peasy, work smarter, not harder. You got any other questions, feel

470
00:35:57,079 --> 00:36:00,440
free to let us know till next
time. Folks. Stay safe, God

471
00:36:00,480 --> 00:36:29,079
bless both both ask both as power, no ask, no f