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Hello, and welcome. I am
your host. Well this is I will

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tell you what the show is first. I guess this is Open Mind UFO

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Radio. And I am your host, Alejandro t Rojas. And I am

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here with and I've used this name
before, but I'm just gonna use it

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again because it explained the new ways
you here. I am here with Martin

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highwayman Willis. Yes, I'm sorry, I'm sitting right not too far from

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the highway. I'm not on the
highway. Good go. So did you

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like when I called you highwayman last
time? You kind of took that to

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heart. You thought that would be
fun to kind of wait by the highway

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and and jump on people and rob
them like the old highwaymen used to do

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in the olden days. That's not
why you're doing yeh, not this time,

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but no, it's funny. After
you did that segment. I don't

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know if you've got email. I
think I passed it along to YOUE yeah.

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It's an English saying yeah or something. Yeah, someone who costs people

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on the highway. So or are
you like you have a cardboard sign up

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trying to collect money for your show? Is that what you're doing? Yeah?

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Well, these are desperate time,
my friend. No, no,

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I'm just getting my car repair.
That's oh okay, yeah, okay,

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okay, yeah, well those are
those are some other exciting scenarios that might

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have been fun. So thank you
so much for joining me, even though

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you are busy out and about running
your errands, getting your car fixed and

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everything. The guest that I've got
today is Mark D'Antonio, and you know

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what's funny, and we talk about
this on the show. It's hard to

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really encapsulate what he is when it
comes to UFOs. He is the move

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fun photo analyst. However, he
does so much more building models, working

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on commercials and movies and blah blah
blah. And he has a degree in

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astronomy. And that's in particular what
we're going to talk about. Because you

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all may have been following the news, hopefully you follow Open Minds on the

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Facebook group for our weekly headlines,
or even you know the stories that I

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post on my Facebook page, and
there's been a lot going on when it

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comes to astrobiology and the potential of
extraterrestrial life out there. So that's what

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Mark and I are going to discuss. Great Mark, I love Mark.

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He's awesome, Thank you very much. I'm laughing because of the kind of

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the lake comment. You got the
queue that that was your space to add

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something. Yeah, m hmm,
well I got it. Yeah, but

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before we what was that? No, we have a bad connection. I

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can hear you. Can you hear
me? Yeah? Yeah, yeah,

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okay, good good, no problem, damn it. Doing the show from

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the Highway for God's sakes. So
but before we get into talking to Mark,

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of course, we're going to talk
about UFOs. Are you seeing any

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UFOs now, Martin? Not right
now? Okay, we'll keep an eye

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out. The day is young,
yes, yeah, and you're outdoors.

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So if you see something you know
while we're talking about the news, feel

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free to interrupt and say UFO UFO
and then describe what you're seeing. All

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right, okay, I'll keep my
eye on that in the sky. Good

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good, So UFO news. You
got a story you want to talk about?

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I do this one. Well.
I don't want to say silly,

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but it's interesting anyway. In Washington, DC, back on October second,

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just a couple of days ago,
this guy was walking I think he sat

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home from work, and he noticed
a strange object hovering in the sky.

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It was about thirty or forty feet
up and about somewhere around sixty or seventy

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feet away from him. And if
you look at the pictures, it looks

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to me like a balloon, he
said. At first he thought it was

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the helium balloons that you are,
the balloons that you make those animals out

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of, you know, those long
thin ones. Oh yeah, But then

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he said it they if that was
filled with helium, then why was it

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just sitting sitting in one spot or
appeared to be anyway for about three minutes,

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and while he was taking a bunch
of pictures of it, it is

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a really another strange just like last
week, of a strange looking object.

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To me, it looks like balloons. But then he ran across the street

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and tried to get himself right underneath
it, and it was gone. It

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was nowhere to be found. So
I thought it was kind of an interesting,

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you know picture. Anyway, he
did look for any sign of any

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wire or ribbon or string holding it
down. He didn't see any sign of

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that as well. So it's just
one of those, you know, it's

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an oddball, strange object. Yeah, I kind of Someone commented that it

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looks like the symbol for you know, formally known as like you know,

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when Prince was going under a symbol
instead of a name, that it looks

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like that, which is kind of
funny, but it does. It looks

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like a balloon animal gone wrong,
or like if I were attempt to do

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a balloon animal, that's probably what
it would look like. But uh,

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and it just floated off or something. That's what it looks like. So

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it is kind of weird. Although
it looks kind of larger than that.

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I guess it's hard to tell.
But yeah, that's an interesting one we

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just posted today. Weird. Maybe
that's at a genetically modified balloon animal maybe

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you never know, would be you
know, black project type of thing.

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That's right, So another weird one. Lots of weirdness going on. I

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guess that's what the field of UFOs
is. But this is a Colorado witness

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who says he photographs metallic objects.
So another photo story. He said he

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saw five objects he felt we're moving
at about thirty thousand feet he could not

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identify. It was four pm on
September twenty fifth, and he says his

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wife saw at first. She calls
him out and they look at these weird

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things floating around. He said they
seem to fluctuate in brightness, potentially from

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changing its position with respect to the
sun, which I kind of agree.

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It does look like these things are
reflective because they're just really weird shaped and

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it's hard to even describe the shape. One of them is sort of an

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S kind of shape, and parts
of them are reflecting and just kind of

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weird, like these sky omibas that
are reflecting there. They were in Superior,

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which is out is in Boulder County
near Boulder, colorad And yeah,

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just kind of really strange. Did
you see those pictures. I did not

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get a chance to look at them
today. No, Well here's what you'll

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have to check it. Do that. Another weird one is in West Virginia.

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And this is kind of funny because
what happens is Roger will post the

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videos and then he'll write the story. Well, he posted the video this

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is Roger Marsha moufon another mouf On
case, and people thought the video looked

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stupid and they were all upset.
This is retarded, this is a star

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and the video is bad. You
can't tell much, but this witness what

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these people didn't know who were watching
the video. This witness also took some

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pictures and in the pictures you can
tell that the object is just not one

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point of light, but several points
of light, which makes the case much

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more interesting. So, I mean
they videotaped it with their phone. They

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said their phone sucks at videotapes,
which is true, and then they took

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some pictures and the pictures are weird. And it all started when in West

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Virginia outside of a place called the
Stone Wall Resort, where this guy was

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going to do getting to his work, and this was at six eighteen am,

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so he worked early. This was
on September fifth. They went to

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the top of this heel where they
get their machinery out where it was still

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dark, and he saw this really
bright light. So him and his buddy's

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side, they felt it wasn't an
airplane. It didn't move like that.

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So that's when he videotaped it and
got some pictures. And it wasn't until

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he got home and zoomed on it
that he saw it was kind of strange.

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So you can see that in the
picture that it is very strange.

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How about that? Now, I
wonder if the new iPhone seven has any

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better video quality. I know that
they really did improve the camera options and

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quality, So I'm wondering if the
video is going to be better because you

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always say, you know, yeah, I mean when you try to video

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something, especially at night, it
does not come out well at all.

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So maybe we'll get some real good
footage if that, if it has improved,

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yeah, yeah, so pretty cool. There's another video I'm going to

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write about today. I did.
You can find it on our news.

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I don't know if you saw this
one from Bolton. It turns out it's

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a moufine case. But a patre
this person got something weird on their security

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camera. They were afraid of robbers, so they set up a security camera.

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Something made the security camera go off. They think maybe it was their

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cat. But in this security video, which is only four or so seconds

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long, towards the end of the
video, you see this weird light above

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the houses in the distance, and
it goes behind one house and then you

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see, you know, once it
goes past the crest of the top of

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the house. It goes by again, but it makes like a left hand

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turn and then comes flying in front
of the house and then the video cuts

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out. Of course, people are
really upset, why did you stop up

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the video? But they didn't stop. But you know how the security cameras

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just do it themselves and it's just
trying to record something close, not something

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in the sky, so you know
it turned off. But that's another really

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weird video. I was able to
look into the mouf On case. Roger

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sent me some more information about the
case that what they discovered there the researchers

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in the UK. So I'm gonna
write about this one. But that's another

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one to look forward to. Strange
video. Yeah, there's some. There's

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some pretty interesting security camera videos in
the past that are kind of unexplained,

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really interesting ones. So yeah,
it makes you wonder, especially in England.

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You know they say there's not a
lot of sightings in England because of

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the weather, but they have that
I forget what it's called, like the

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cat TV or whatever it is.
Yeah, yeah, where they have cameras

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all over the place. Yeah right, yeah, so they're bound to catch

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something one of these days. Yeah. Well, and you know they the

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English papers write about UFOs so much. Of course, there's a tabloid who

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write mostly junk and really poor stuff. A lot of secure team or these

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fake hoaxters. But the the legitimate
papers, the local papers and the legitimate

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ones, they also write a lot
about UFOs, but they're like this,

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they're sightings that are submitted to them
or more credible stories, and and they've

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been writing a lot about this stuff, and this is another one of those

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interesting ones. Now it appears they
talk to the witnesses themselves, So I'll

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use the quotes that this Bolton,
this local paper got. But then these

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people also luckily went to move on. So we have both sets of statements

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from the witnesses who seem very credible, just kind of curious. And when

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you see this, the video is
really weird. I can't wait to see

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it. I haven't seen that yet, ma'am. You're gonna have to get

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to a computer, I know,
when your car is fixed. That's right,

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Yeah, drive straight to the closest
computer. Don't try to look while

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you're driving though. Yeah. Well, my neck hurts because I've been looking

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up in the sky and the other
thing I've seen so far is buzzards.

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That's it. But I think they're
flying. Yeah, I think they're flying

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over me, but I'm not sure. Oh my goodness. Well, that's

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kind of scary, right yeah,
all right, Well, no UFOs,

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no UFOs at all, No,
not yet. Any weird looking people who

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could be aliens. I'm in the
state of Maine, that's all I'm gonna

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say. Yeah, a lot of
weird looking people. Well yeah, well

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I don't know. I really shouldn't
say anything, Okay. I just stay

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out of Walmart, that's all.
Okay, Yeah, things can get scary.

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That's where things go down. And
we're coming up on the holiday season,

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so these Black Friday sales and stuff, that's when people lose their lives

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in the Walmart. So that's right, yeah, coming up here. So

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all right, Well, thank you
so much, mister mister Martin for joining

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us for the UFO News. Once
again, my pleasure is always. Okay,

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be safe out there, buddy,
and let's go ahead and talk to

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mister D'Antonio. I am excited as
usual. Well I'm always excited when I

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introduce a guest. I think there's
only once or twice where I haven't said

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I'm excited to have this person on
and I purposely left it out but to

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to give you some inside but this
guy I'm really excited about because this is

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my homeboy. My homeboy, Mark
d' antonio. Hey, how you doing,

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Alejandro. Thanks for having on.
That's show yours, which is just

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going like gangbusters out there, is
fantastic. Well, thank you so much,

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my friend. Thank you very much. It's great to have you back.

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And there's actually a lot to talk
about. I've had you on,

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I guess quite a few times,
probably, but you know, I want

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to talk about a lot of what
we talked about in our panel that you

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hosted at the Moufon Symposium. I
remember that. Yeah, some kind of

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astrobiological type of stuff. And there
is lots of news out there, and

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you know a lot of people read
the science news. They kind of get

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it and then pretend, like when
they're talking to other people that they get

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it more than they do. And
I'm describing myself, but I know some

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other listeners are like this. But
you actually know a little bit more,

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although you're probably pretending a little bit
too. I don't know a thing.

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I actually been pretending this whole time. I have no clue. But you

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have a degree in astronomy. I
don't even know your real name. Yes,

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thatd it? How do you say
it? By the way, I

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don't know do you pronounce it?
Well, what's that? My name?

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Say? My name Alejandro Ross.
Oh yeah, that's very good. Some

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people I've had friends that I have
known for years the call yeah, I

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call me ale Chandro or and someone
called you Ali Jondro. I heard that

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one too. Yeah, that's happenning. So I guess we'll start off.

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We'll start off with the big Star. And here's why I post to the

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stories today and people got really bummed, and I was like, hey,

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hold up. You know, I'm
going to talk to Mark about this today.

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And I suspect that it isn't as
you know, doom and gloom as

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it says, but some people may
know about this star out there now.

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It's called Tabby Star where Kepler,
you know, is out there looking for

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planets. It looks for stars to
dim and can kind of calculate the planets.

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You can give us some more technical
details on that. And there's a

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star out there that's dimming weird.
Uh. The scientists looking at it,

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I have suggested maybe there's an alien
megastructure there. So this is real excited.

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We've been talking about this. You
and I have talked about this on

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the show before, but a new
story this. This is a headline came

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out Kepler data glitch not aliens could
be to blame for wacky star behavior,

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says leading astrophysicists. What does leading
me and what does leading mean? What

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does astrophysicists mean? Oh yeah,
I could. So what were your initial

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thoughts when you when you hear this? Well, initially there were there were

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several theories as to why this star
would be dimming for such a long period

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of years, and that that actual
dimming process is something that has been continuing.

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The star hasn't been getting really brightened
and getting dimmed and really bright I

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mean, it's actually been gradually dimming
over time from what I've seen in the

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data. And that said, they
said, well, you know, the

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latest theory is that maybe it was
a collision of a planet with another planet

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in that Solar system, causing say
an asteroid belt to be forming, and

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so we were watching this dimming as
this belt material started to coalesce into a

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ring around the star or whatever.
That was one theory. Another theory put

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forth by someone that I know,
suggested that maybe these dimming sequences were actually

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part of a swarm of comic that
we're getting between us and that star Tavy

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Star and causing it to dim over
time. That was discounted. The asteroid

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belt theory hasn't been fully discounted at
this point, but the comets have,

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and now there is the possibility that
the Kepler telescope itself is responsible for this

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dimming. Now I haven't read the
full data on how technically the dimming could

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be occurring, because to me on
the outside anyway, looking in, to

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say that this is a dimming caused
by the instrument itself, I have to

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respond with, wait a minute,
the instrument's supposed to be looking for dimming.

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That's what it's doing. That's what
it does. So this would imply

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a fundamental flaw in the entire Kepler
program. Maybe I'm over exaggerating, Maybe

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I'm dramatizing a little, being over
dramatic, but I think that this would

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be on the outside, I think
it's probably a theory that would fit multiple

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stars, not just the one Tabby
star. We should have seen this occurring

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with other stars, and maybe it
is. Maybe we have to readdress all

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of our findings, except that when
you see a dimming with Kepler, that's

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not what determines whether a planet is
in existence, it actually has to be

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corroborated by a secondary technique independent of
Kepler and light curve analysis. Now,

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light curve is when the star is
out there and you have the planet that

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crosses in front of the star and
it dims the light ever so slightly from

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the star, and I mean ever
so slightly with emphasis on all three words,

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and that minuscule minute amount of difference
is something that the Kepler telescope is

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good at picking up. So that's
one way to actually see that there's dimming

250
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that produces a you know, a
Kepler opject of interest in a candidate planet,

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and then several years will pass before
that planet is identified as existing or

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not existing, and that existence will
be based on corroboration through radio velocity or

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another astrometry type approach to the star
another way, another another technique used to

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measure whether there is something going on
at that star other than just a light

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dimming. Now, is Kepler the
only device they've used to measure or observe

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this dimming with I think so.
I think that the Kepler is the only

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you know, satellite, space based
telescope that actually looked at this star.

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I think that's what discovered that this
dimming was occurring currently with Tabby Star.

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But I think the Star has been
observed before. And I'm I'm frantically as

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we're speaking, looking for corroboration of
that, because I want to make sure

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that I'm not speaking out of turn
here. Well, and a couple other

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things I can add. How do
you say her name anyway, doctor Tabitha

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Boy? Well done? I mean, I'm an astronomer, I'm not a

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pronunciation specialist, So I'll go with
you on that one. I think that's

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what it is. But the point
is the Star is now called Tabby Stark.

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We used to refer to it as
k I see blah blah blah,

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all these numbers, and that's saying
star, Yeah, exactly. And so

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she says that she also thought maybe
it was a data issue with the kepler,

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and he talks about, you know, having to do with pixels or

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something like that, but she says
she worked looked at that very closely,

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and now many many people have confirmed
that they all feel confident it's not this

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data issue. So he wasn't the
first one. The guy who who they're

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writing this story about, doctor Brad
Tucker. You know, he's not the

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first one I come up with this
idea, and he admits that. He

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says here, I don't discount the
literally hundreds of other people that have thought

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about this, but for at least
my own understanding, I want to make

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sure I'm confident that this really is
an awesome star. So he's just doing

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his own due diligence. It sounds, and this newspaper just decided to make

279
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a story about it. But before
you fear that this whole thing's been poopooed

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and figured out, that has not. It really hasn't. No, no,

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And he's just the latest guy,
as you said, in the chain

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of astronomers and researchers that have just
you know, have already looked at this

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data. And as you say,
they probably decided to make a story out

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of this. But I don't see
his story yet. And that's because the

285
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very thing he is saying is the
problem is the actual mechanism by which the

286
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kepler works. And I would have
thought, as anyone would familiar with space

287
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based telescopes, that such a problem
would have been figured out long ago,

288
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like when the Hubble had a bad
mirror grinding, they actually produced bifocals for

289
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it. And installed it up in
orbit. Now that's an example of something

290
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getting away from us and then actually
getting to orbit with a flaw. And

291
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there's numerous satellites that have had flaws
in orbit later on found to be unfixable

292
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and lost, you know, for
the reasons like the Hittomy satellite was went

293
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up there and it was lost,
you know, a short time after it

294
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was launched, and that was again
all because of something that may be related

295
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to ground technique or capability whatever.
So we have no share. We have

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00:25:02.039 --> 00:25:06.960
our share of failures that were caused
by us, and Kepler could be in

297
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that category. But I tend to
think that we're seeing something that is hard

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to explain as a natural phenomenon.
That's just my feeling. And I'm not

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trying to say aliens. Okay,
i'd need bigger hair for that, but

300
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I'm bum But I would say that
the jury is still out in a big

301
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way, and I think we just
need to keep looking at the star.

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You know, another couple of years
of study of the star will be very

303
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telling. Now, I guess,
are you familiar with the crowd sourcing thing

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that they did around Tabby's Star?
No, I'm not actually familiar with that.

305
00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:56.559
Yeah, it was just a group
I remember, and I was going

306
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to find out if you knew there
were They are are raising money so they

307
00:26:00.880 --> 00:26:10.640
can observe tabby star constantly so they
can record the effects. And I just

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was wondering whether they were going to
use solely Kepler's data or they were going

309
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to look with something else. Are
there other telescopes capable of measuring this dimming

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that we have? Yeah, I
mean we have, we have a number

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of fact. I just talked to
the guy who was running the test mission,

312
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which is the next basically the the
next generation space telescope that's going to

313
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be launched soon. He's the guy
in charge of it, and he's a

314
00:26:45.359 --> 00:26:49.440
real nice guy, and he thinks
that you know, that telescope will be

315
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able to show us some fantastic views
of the sky and do the same types

316
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of things that Kepler did with additional
clarity and ability. So I think tasking

317
00:27:02.319 --> 00:27:06.720
tests, to say it that way, tasking tests to look at that star

318
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for a period of time, might
be a very good thing to do,

319
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especially if it stands to be a
historic observation. And that's an example of

320
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one is to be launched. I
mean, there's other programs earth based programs

321
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that are looking for other planets around
stars. You know, the Gemini telescope

322
00:27:25.839 --> 00:27:30.160
on Manikeia is fantastic. I talked
to those guys and got imagery to use

323
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and the talks that I do here
and there, and they're finding things by

324
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actually looking at infrared residue infrared hangout, you know, left over from the

325
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formation of a planet. The planet's
still warm, it's radiating. Although it's

326
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not very visible in the you know
the other part of the spectrum, it's

327
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visible in the infrared. Same thing
around you know, a star called fomalhol

328
00:27:55.400 --> 00:28:00.680
Okay, it's actually got a tiny
planet orbiting it that was found in the

329
00:28:00.680 --> 00:28:07.400
infrared again, and they call it
direct observation because infrared is actually pretty close

330
00:28:07.440 --> 00:28:11.680
to the visible and of the spectrum
at that point, so they basically say

331
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it's a direct observation. So we
do have a ground based and some space

332
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based capability coming that are going to
allow us to put this matter. The

333
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rest. Oh interesting, And I
found that kickstarter. People can look it

334
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up and I won't go through it, but I had looked through it before.

335
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What's really cool about this kickstarter is
that and that's what's exciting about this

336
00:28:38.440 --> 00:28:45.000
whole thing is that there are several
astronomers that have made comments about that they

337
00:28:45.039 --> 00:28:51.640
got quotes from or interviews with to
talk about the importance of an observing Tabby

338
00:28:51.759 --> 00:28:55.759
star, and for the most part
that they're very conventional talking about we don't

339
00:28:55.799 --> 00:28:57.200
know what is causing this. It
could be this, and it could be

340
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that. But several of them,
several the majority of them ended their talk

341
00:29:03.960 --> 00:29:11.000
with essentially saying that, you know, and of course, the most incredible

342
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possibility is that it's due to the
actions of some extraterrestrial civilization, and of

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course that would be an amazing discovery. So that's what's great about this is

344
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that, you know, scientists are
the ones who came forward with this idea

345
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first, not some weird fringe YouTuber
UFO person or something. It was an

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00:29:33.519 --> 00:29:37.880
actual scientist and many of us.
Tabitha herself is the one that started that

347
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kickstarter. So it's really exciting that, right that the scientists are just,

348
00:29:47.119 --> 00:29:56.880
you know, so strongly open minded
about this possibility. Yeah, and it's

349
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interesting because you know, I'm just
just got to the page now and I

350
00:30:00.799 --> 00:30:07.559
see that, you know, observatories
are donating to this kickstarter A lot of

351
00:30:07.799 --> 00:30:12.880
folks in the business are donating to
this to look it's just to get the

352
00:30:12.920 --> 00:30:17.319
answer. You know, you're not
paying for aliens to be there. You're

353
00:30:17.319 --> 00:30:21.200
paying to get an answer as to
whether it's possible they are. And every

354
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one of these people that contributed may
not ever get the answer in their lifetime,

355
00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:27.119
which is, you know, kind
of sad. But it's where we

356
00:30:27.160 --> 00:30:33.079
are right now and our technological development. We can't send a any kind of

357
00:30:33.480 --> 00:30:37.880
faster than light FTL type craft to
the starts fifteen hundred light years away,

358
00:30:37.920 --> 00:30:41.920
isn't it. I mean that's pretty
distant. So it would take fifteen hundred

359
00:30:41.960 --> 00:30:45.440
years at light speed to get there, and we can't travel at but we

360
00:30:45.519 --> 00:30:49.759
can, you know, do this
warping of space game that we've talked about

361
00:30:49.759 --> 00:30:55.279
a number of times, you and
I and NASA's actually got a lab now

362
00:30:55.319 --> 00:31:02.960
to investigate the feasibility of such a
drive because the concept has been reworked.

363
00:31:03.000 --> 00:31:07.440
So the potential quote unquote warp drive
may actually be just around the cosmic corner

364
00:31:07.839 --> 00:31:14.039
for us. It's a lifetime away, but it's just around the cosmic corner

365
00:31:14.079 --> 00:31:18.680
perhaps for the Earth. So this
could lead to the ability to just say

366
00:31:18.680 --> 00:31:22.880
well, I think we saw something
there. Okay, we'll send the probe

367
00:31:22.880 --> 00:31:26.319
there and let me know what it
says next week, you know, I

368
00:31:26.319 --> 00:31:29.480
mean that kind of thing. And
we laugh now because it's so far science

369
00:31:29.480 --> 00:31:32.720
fiction, but that's coming and it's
going to reach us, and we are

370
00:31:32.759 --> 00:31:36.000
getting there. And if we're doing
it, I always have to say,

371
00:31:36.000 --> 00:31:40.680
if we're doing it, some other
civilization out there that's ahead of us by

372
00:31:40.680 --> 00:31:45.559
a thousand years, four thousand years, five hundred years has already done it,

373
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and it's probably thinking of it.
We're not the first, but I

374
00:31:48.440 --> 00:31:51.519
think we're probably right there in the
middle. We're not the youngest, but

375
00:31:51.559 --> 00:31:53.519
we're not the oldest, and there's
a lot of them out there, you

376
00:31:53.519 --> 00:31:56.200
know, to my belief anyway,
and that's yours. I know that is

377
00:31:57.519 --> 00:32:01.559
well. And another interesting thing is, you know, i'd like to hear

378
00:32:01.599 --> 00:32:07.119
your thoughts on this, is we're
kind of on the outskirts of the galaxy,

379
00:32:07.240 --> 00:32:10.759
right, yeah, a little bit. I mean, our position in

380
00:32:10.799 --> 00:32:15.880
the galaxy is in this particular arm
of the galaxy and we're actually, you

381
00:32:15.920 --> 00:32:22.359
know, about two thirds of the
way out maybe, so we're kind of

382
00:32:22.920 --> 00:32:27.960
in the middle of this arm.
So it's really you know, it's it's

383
00:32:28.000 --> 00:32:30.599
sort of a position where a lot
of stars are formed. I mean every

384
00:32:30.640 --> 00:32:36.720
star you see in the Big Dipper
we came from the cluster of stars that

385
00:32:36.759 --> 00:32:38.559
were formed all at the same time, which included all the stars you see

386
00:32:38.599 --> 00:32:42.400
in the Big Dipper, which is
why it's so prominent in our sky.

387
00:32:42.519 --> 00:32:46.079
Now they've all migrated apart as they're
moving and circling the galaxy over time.

388
00:32:46.920 --> 00:32:55.279
But you know, we have actually
we have actually become a I don't know,

389
00:32:55.400 --> 00:33:02.160
it's sort of a landmark local because
where we are in the galaxy,

390
00:33:02.640 --> 00:33:07.839
all right, is is a location
that we haven't even been able to fully

391
00:33:07.880 --> 00:33:12.720
explore. We barely know where we
are, you know, in the galaxy.

392
00:33:12.759 --> 00:33:15.160
We know we're in the Orion Spur, but we don't know exactly where.

393
00:33:15.559 --> 00:33:21.000
Okay, Now the stars of Orion
are nearby, and that's that's why

394
00:33:21.039 --> 00:33:23.559
they're also so bright. Okay,
And you know, you ask what is

395
00:33:23.640 --> 00:33:30.319
nearby? You know what is nearby? Were the galaxy that you didn't ask

396
00:33:30.319 --> 00:33:31.799
that I was going to though,
you're right, Okay, Well, if

397
00:33:31.839 --> 00:33:36.200
you do ask that, you say, you know what is nearby? I

398
00:33:36.240 --> 00:33:37.640
mean, well, nearby is like
you know, five hundred light years a

399
00:33:37.680 --> 00:33:43.880
thousand light years. Now we we
think of you know, proximate centaury,

400
00:33:43.960 --> 00:33:46.960
where they you know, where a
planet has been found circling the nearest star

401
00:33:47.039 --> 00:33:52.079
to us, and we think that's
nearby, all right. We think that's

402
00:33:52.079 --> 00:33:55.440
a hop skip and a jump that's
actually very close, and five hundred light

403
00:33:55.519 --> 00:34:00.200
years is still close, considering that
the galaxy is you know, one hundred

404
00:34:00.240 --> 00:34:07.720
thousand light years across or more.
So. Now I want to make a

405
00:34:07.759 --> 00:34:12.199
point too at that, because I
don't know that we've really discussed this,

406
00:34:12.280 --> 00:34:16.880
and I think it's important to talk
about just what a fascinating person you are,

407
00:34:17.400 --> 00:34:22.440
kind of a modern renaissance man that
you you know, you're not only

408
00:34:22.840 --> 00:34:28.199
the photo analysts and stuff remove on
when it comes to astronomy, and you

409
00:34:28.280 --> 00:34:30.840
build models and all of this other
stuff, but when it comes to astronomy,

410
00:34:31.039 --> 00:34:36.559
this is something that you actually utilize
in your professional life as well.

411
00:34:37.400 --> 00:34:42.280
I know, for instance, you
build, and you have large contracts for

412
00:34:42.400 --> 00:34:49.320
building like the planets of the solar
systems at scale, for for events and

413
00:34:49.360 --> 00:34:53.599
for places. Yeah, yeah,
that's that's true. And we have a

414
00:34:53.960 --> 00:35:00.119
we did a whole scale solar system
for a science museum in Turkey. Oh

415
00:35:00.159 --> 00:35:04.039
wow. Yeah, and Jupiter was
massive, and of course the Earth was

416
00:35:04.079 --> 00:35:09.639
small, you know. But we
have ongoing projects where we're doing these big

417
00:35:09.679 --> 00:35:15.280
solar system models for all this new
construction across the country. We've got over

418
00:35:15.320 --> 00:35:21.000
two hundred buildings to fill with new
solar systems that will keep us busy for

419
00:35:21.039 --> 00:35:23.599
many years to come. And you
know, we've we've done most recently,

420
00:35:23.639 --> 00:35:29.000
we actually did some some NASA work. We did some Martian globe for NASA

421
00:35:29.599 --> 00:35:34.039
that was really nice and that the
ended up on a sixteen foot tall tower

422
00:35:34.480 --> 00:35:37.960
on display a little bit different inside, you know, so you know,

423
00:35:37.599 --> 00:35:43.000
yeah, I mean the planets.
You can't you can't argue with an astronomer

424
00:35:43.039 --> 00:35:45.280
who knows, you know, what
the planets look like, right, I

425
00:35:45.280 --> 00:35:49.440
mean, and there should be no
no equivocation. You off, if you

426
00:35:49.480 --> 00:35:51.880
don't know, if that details there, you're not going to put it on

427
00:35:51.920 --> 00:35:54.079
there, whereas someone else who doesn't
know the planet would say and they'll never

428
00:35:54.159 --> 00:35:58.159
notice, and this just put it
on, you know. But we're not

429
00:35:58.320 --> 00:36:00.239
like that. You know. We
were doing three models of these planets I

430
00:36:00.280 --> 00:36:05.360
say three D meaning the craters were
in relief, and we would we did

431
00:36:05.440 --> 00:36:08.519
Mars that was my favorite planet to
do because we would do all the valleys,

432
00:36:08.639 --> 00:36:14.920
rift valleys and all the craters and
volcanoes on Mars as relief items and

433
00:36:14.960 --> 00:36:21.079
then indented items into the planet.
So Vallas marineris this gigantic valley on Mars.

434
00:36:22.159 --> 00:36:28.880
The Mariner Valley on Mars was a
deep gouge in our model, going

435
00:36:28.880 --> 00:36:30.480
around in the center of the planet. I say deep at that scale of

436
00:36:30.519 --> 00:36:34.480
a it was a forty inch planet
at that scale that you know, we

437
00:36:34.519 --> 00:36:37.480
had it. It was a quarter
inch deep, but that was huge on

438
00:36:37.519 --> 00:36:39.199
a model. We did it that
way because it caught the light and it

439
00:36:39.199 --> 00:36:44.079
looked nice. So yeah, and
every crater was where it's supposed to be,

440
00:36:44.960 --> 00:36:47.000
and when you put a light on
it from the outside, you think

441
00:36:47.000 --> 00:36:50.440
you're looking at Mars, you know, because it looked like Mars. The

442
00:36:50.480 --> 00:36:55.800
polar cap was was exactly as it
should be. It's a really interesting shape.

443
00:36:55.880 --> 00:37:00.800
And we reproduced that. I laser
cut stencils. We have a laser

444
00:37:00.840 --> 00:37:05.239
cutter here and we leisure cut stencils
to get that just right. And Doug

445
00:37:05.239 --> 00:37:07.679
Trumble was working with me. He
wanted to He wanted me to kick it

446
00:37:07.719 --> 00:37:10.960
up at even a bigger nots and
said, Monney, just build a system

447
00:37:12.000 --> 00:37:15.559
to actually paint them automatically and just
rotate them and have them paint like like

448
00:37:15.599 --> 00:37:20.360
a automatic process. And I said, Doug, I'd love to do that,

449
00:37:20.400 --> 00:37:22.400
you know, I mean I could
use you know, any number of

450
00:37:22.440 --> 00:37:27.960
hardware processors that we know how to
program here to do it, but I

451
00:37:28.039 --> 00:37:30.440
just never had the time to do
it. You had a great idea though,

452
00:37:30.079 --> 00:37:32.920
you know. I mentioned him because
he's your favorite you know, yeah,

453
00:37:34.079 --> 00:37:36.480
he's your favorite guy. Yeah,
I'm a huge, huge fan.

454
00:37:37.079 --> 00:37:40.679
And it gives me a chance to
plug the interview we had you were there,

455
00:37:42.280 --> 00:37:45.840
but we we posted an interview we
had with Doug. I watched some

456
00:37:45.920 --> 00:37:49.960
great imagery that Michael Klein put together
and I love that interview. So you

457
00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:52.960
can watch that for free on YouTube. And it was very good, by

458
00:37:52.960 --> 00:37:55.519
the way. That was world done, Thank you very much. And Doug

459
00:37:55.559 --> 00:38:01.760
Trumble's a a movie you know,
special effects guru now. And that brings

460
00:38:01.760 --> 00:38:08.199
me to another question. You worked
with Doug on the iPad pro commercial where

461
00:38:08.199 --> 00:38:14.159
it goes into space and it's just
an amazing commercial. Apple used it to

462
00:38:15.039 --> 00:38:22.840
you know, even at their launch
of the Apple iPad Pro, and you

463
00:38:22.880 --> 00:38:27.760
know, it's when you all worked
on that. Did you also use you

464
00:38:27.800 --> 00:38:34.360
know, your astronomy knowledge to recreate
the galaxies and things like that? Absolutely?

465
00:38:34.360 --> 00:38:37.920
I mean, for instance, to
create Jupiter's red spot. We created

466
00:38:37.119 --> 00:38:44.559
this. We had this giant spherical
tank and we spun it on a computer

467
00:38:44.639 --> 00:38:52.039
controlled turntable and then these guys dropped
in die as specific places and the swirling

468
00:38:52.159 --> 00:38:57.599
motion, the friction of the water
on the acrylic wall would draw these things

469
00:38:57.639 --> 00:39:01.280
out into a perfect red spot.
So we actually recreated Jupiter's red spot just

470
00:39:01.360 --> 00:39:05.000
beautifully, and it even had three
D depth to it, which is the

471
00:39:05.079 --> 00:39:09.519
coolest thing. And then we created
a comet which didn't actually get into the

472
00:39:09.519 --> 00:39:15.800
commercial, but it was principal footage
that was shot. It might be making

473
00:39:15.840 --> 00:39:23.000
an appearance later co And the comet
was I plumbed it for liquid nitrogen so

474
00:39:23.000 --> 00:39:29.119
that we could actually shoot liquid nitrogen
out of it, and then a burst

475
00:39:29.199 --> 00:39:31.280
of air as well, so that
it was made up in pieces. It

476
00:39:31.320 --> 00:39:37.719
all interlocked. It was like an
interlocking puzzle, like a physical Tetris thing,

477
00:39:37.360 --> 00:39:43.119
all chunky rock look and stuff.
And when the computer would bring the

478
00:39:43.119 --> 00:39:46.840
camera down underneath the comet, and
this all happened in about two and a

479
00:39:46.840 --> 00:39:50.840
half seconds, but it was shot
at very high speed, so it was

480
00:39:50.840 --> 00:39:57.320
a slow motion, beautiful slow motion
comet. It would break apart and shower

481
00:39:58.000 --> 00:40:00.719
down onto the camera with pieces of
its and it looked like you were traveling

482
00:40:00.760 --> 00:40:05.199
into the tail of comet. You
just have to see the perspective to understand

483
00:40:05.199 --> 00:40:07.880
how because you're seeing it from the
camera's point of view. And this was

484
00:40:07.920 --> 00:40:13.599
beautiful. And the whole time,
liquid nitrogen was raining down because we're,

485
00:40:13.679 --> 00:40:17.679
you know, just just just blasting
liquid nitrogen into this thing, and it

486
00:40:17.760 --> 00:40:22.639
was dropping out of the holes and
sprang out behind it. It looked like

487
00:40:22.639 --> 00:40:25.920
a comet tail. And of course
you light it dramatically and it's beautiful.

488
00:40:25.920 --> 00:40:30.239
So it's all about special effects.
But we had to create the comet to

489
00:40:30.320 --> 00:40:34.639
look real. So when Doug says, okay, I want you to make

490
00:40:34.639 --> 00:40:36.880
the comment, I said, okay, I'll make the comment, and I

491
00:40:36.960 --> 00:40:37.920
know what to make it. I
showed it in the first time and he

492
00:40:37.960 --> 00:40:40.880
says, what the heck is that. I said, that's a comment and

493
00:40:40.920 --> 00:40:45.039
he says it's black. I go, yeah, comets are black. You

494
00:40:45.079 --> 00:40:50.559
didn't know that. And he says
that's not gonna work. And I said,

495
00:40:50.559 --> 00:40:52.199
don't worry. When we put the
liquid nitrogen in there, it's going

496
00:40:52.280 --> 00:40:55.880
to produce a frost. It's actually
gonna look white on the camera. In

497
00:40:55.920 --> 00:41:00.000
fact, you're gonna have to you're
gonna have to cut down the f stole

498
00:41:00.239 --> 00:41:04.719
to make it look right. And
so he saw that it was correct and

499
00:41:04.760 --> 00:41:09.199
we did it. Then we did
another sequence of a meteor hit going into

500
00:41:09.199 --> 00:41:15.119
the atmosphere where it was leaving use
trails smoke behind it. And for that

501
00:41:15.960 --> 00:41:21.079
we actually had a long, tall, rather vertical tank that was only about

502
00:41:21.119 --> 00:41:29.440
twelve inches wide. It was about
six feet tall and it was about let's

503
00:41:29.440 --> 00:41:31.639
see, about the four feet or
five feet across, so it was like

504
00:41:31.639 --> 00:41:38.519
a very thin, almost window profile
water tank. Okay, just a little

505
00:41:38.559 --> 00:41:44.599
thicker. So, and what we
did was we created pieces of the meteor

506
00:41:45.320 --> 00:41:49.639
and we soaked them in white paint. We just injected using a syringe,

507
00:41:49.679 --> 00:41:52.320
we injected white paint into the little
holes and the grooves that we had put

508
00:41:52.320 --> 00:41:58.480
in it. And then we started
shooting at sixteen hundred frames per second,

509
00:41:58.920 --> 00:42:01.880
and all we did dropped them into
the water, and as they dropped into

510
00:42:01.920 --> 00:42:06.480
the water, they sailed down,
leaving a trail of all this white,

511
00:42:06.559 --> 00:42:09.880
cloudy smoke behind them, but no
one thought, no one knew that there

512
00:42:09.920 --> 00:42:15.800
was desrind water because when they were
compositive against an atmosphere and moving under you

513
00:42:15.239 --> 00:42:20.800
horizontally into the atmosphere, it would
actually look like and it did look like

514
00:42:20.920 --> 00:42:24.400
smoke trailing behind a comet, I'm
sorry, behind a meteorite. So in

515
00:42:24.440 --> 00:42:29.119
that. So so we got to
use the astronomy and to do that there,

516
00:42:29.199 --> 00:42:32.760
and you know, that was his
He jokingly calls me his chief scientist,

517
00:42:32.800 --> 00:42:37.280
you know, and we we when
we do these things. He wants

518
00:42:37.280 --> 00:42:44.880
it all right because he's he's he's
not like George Lucas in suspending this belief.

519
00:42:44.920 --> 00:42:49.280
He actually suspends this belief only to
the point where we might be able

520
00:42:49.320 --> 00:42:52.320
to see that belief in reality in
one hundred years or so. So he

521
00:42:52.360 --> 00:42:59.960
actually is more of a realistic science
fiction guy. Amazing, that's so cool,

522
00:43:00.360 --> 00:43:04.639
and you know what, you know, I love to hear these and

523
00:43:04.679 --> 00:43:07.960
how fun it would be. I
mean when I wanted to be a rocket

524
00:43:07.960 --> 00:43:12.199
scientist at first, when I went
to school, it was for aerospace engineering

525
00:43:12.519 --> 00:43:15.920
at CU Boulder. Well that was
my intent. I was in engineering,

526
00:43:16.440 --> 00:43:20.880
but in physics, you know,
in high school when I got into the

527
00:43:20.920 --> 00:43:25.440
advanced physics and everything, it changed
the way I kind of viewed the world

528
00:43:25.639 --> 00:43:34.760
really because like clouds. You know, that's why I love the liquid methods

529
00:43:34.760 --> 00:43:37.559
that you use often, because you
know, when the atmosphere, and I

530
00:43:37.599 --> 00:43:42.880
think it's a good way to think
of it is like that layering of it

531
00:43:43.039 --> 00:43:46.840
so is, and so the clouds
are kind of scooting across one layer of

532
00:43:46.880 --> 00:43:52.480
the atmosphere, and I think that
that helps me to understand that's why you

533
00:43:52.599 --> 00:43:57.559
have all these different layers, and
it makes you understand that you know,

534
00:43:58.079 --> 00:44:01.480
just because the wind speed is in
one direction at one location or at one

535
00:44:01.920 --> 00:44:07.480
height, that at another elevation it
could be totally different, which is important

536
00:44:07.480 --> 00:44:12.039
for this field because it so is. You're right, you have to be

537
00:44:12.119 --> 00:44:15.880
aware of that. As you know, Yeah, ground speed, ground winds

538
00:44:15.880 --> 00:44:19.400
are not the same as winds aloft
and many times, you know, people

539
00:44:19.400 --> 00:44:22.320
say it was very calm, yet
this thing was racing across the sky.

540
00:44:22.840 --> 00:44:25.760
That's because on the ground the speed
was near zero. But once you reach

541
00:44:25.800 --> 00:44:30.719
that stratified layer in the air,
say two hundred and fifty feet up,

542
00:44:30.679 --> 00:44:35.159
then that thing, which might be
a balloon for instance, was scooting along

543
00:44:35.239 --> 00:44:38.960
in that wind column. And you
know, people don't recognize that, nor

544
00:44:39.000 --> 00:44:45.400
do they recognize the three dimensionality of
the world. You know, like contrails

545
00:44:45.559 --> 00:44:49.400
seen coming at you will look like
vertical lines in the sky. They're often

546
00:44:49.440 --> 00:44:52.840
mistaken for rocket launches. And you
know this. I know this, and

547
00:44:53.519 --> 00:44:58.000
so the first thing I do is
try and figure out, Okay, I

548
00:44:58.119 --> 00:45:00.920
believe that's probably an airplane. It's
moving too slo to be a rocket.

549
00:45:00.400 --> 00:45:05.800
So which airplane is it? And
that's readily available from ADSB data and other

550
00:45:06.400 --> 00:45:09.199
information. You can actually figure out
what aircraft it was, for instance.

551
00:45:09.239 --> 00:45:16.840
So you know, having a knowledge
of the atmosphere as a medium that leaves

552
00:45:17.039 --> 00:45:22.840
tracks and traces, the clouds are
an artifact in an atmosphere. There are

553
00:45:22.880 --> 00:45:27.960
an area in the atmosphere where the
density is different. They're an area in

554
00:45:28.000 --> 00:45:32.760
the atmosphere where the components are slightly
more concentrated or different. And then translating

555
00:45:32.800 --> 00:45:37.559
that to creating a visual effects,
say, is sort of a piece of

556
00:45:37.599 --> 00:45:39.440
cake. You just find, you
know, if we're trying to create clouds

557
00:45:39.440 --> 00:45:45.880
that we have to create dies for
instance, that won't dissipate and stay pretty

558
00:45:45.960 --> 00:45:51.360
much together while you release them,
and thus you have the appearance of a

559
00:45:51.360 --> 00:45:53.920
thick cloud. Okay, creating nebulas. We create a lot of nebulas.

560
00:45:54.000 --> 00:45:59.199
This way. Everything you saw and
if you saw the iPad pro commercial great

561
00:45:59.199 --> 00:46:04.599
big universe, everything you saw in
there except at the end was all done

562
00:46:05.559 --> 00:46:09.599
practically, meaning it was all done
with an actual physical effect. There weren't

563
00:46:09.840 --> 00:46:15.800
any CGI components before that. When
they pulled out and showed the iPad on

564
00:46:15.840 --> 00:46:17.960
the screen and the person fingering you
know, the screen and moving around,

565
00:46:20.320 --> 00:46:22.920
that was all you know, the
CGI stuff. But everything up to that

566
00:46:22.960 --> 00:46:28.639
point was real, you know,
actually done this. Yeah, so cool.

567
00:46:28.679 --> 00:46:30.599
We saw it. We saw it
just like you saw it, which

568
00:46:30.679 --> 00:46:34.239
is really cool. Yeah, and
that reminds me of another effect that you

569
00:46:34.320 --> 00:46:40.000
worked on. But uh, and
I mean to lead into that it has

570
00:46:40.119 --> 00:46:45.400
to do with a big NASA announcement. And this is what's funny now.

571
00:46:45.599 --> 00:46:51.039
NASA keeps doing this and it's always
kind of a I think especially for the

572
00:46:51.079 --> 00:46:54.840
general public. It's kind of a
cry wolf type situation where NASA says,

573
00:46:54.960 --> 00:46:59.519
we're going to have a press conference
because we figured something out really cool.

574
00:47:00.159 --> 00:47:04.000
And I think scientists get a little
more excited about some of this stuff than

575
00:47:04.039 --> 00:47:09.719
the than than the layman. But
of course you and I get excited about

576
00:47:09.719 --> 00:47:22.000
it. But the uh, there's
also this kind of allusion to astrobiology and

577
00:47:22.039 --> 00:47:27.480
the discovery of alien life, and
and the media especially is always like,

578
00:47:27.800 --> 00:47:30.400
are they going to tell us they
found, you know, an alien microbe

579
00:47:30.480 --> 00:47:34.800
or something like this, and that
typically doesn't turn out the case be the

580
00:47:34.840 --> 00:47:37.159
case. Even in this one,
NASA said it's not alien life. They

581
00:47:37.199 --> 00:47:39.880
even came out and said, we're
not going to be talking about that,

582
00:47:40.440 --> 00:47:47.199
but they did talk about, Uh, it's somewhat related in that they feel

583
00:47:47.239 --> 00:47:52.400
that it and you can explain how. But you know what I'm talking about,

584
00:47:52.480 --> 00:47:55.559
right, I think you're gonna tell
me about the icy geysers of Enceladus

585
00:47:55.719 --> 00:48:02.639
exactly. Enceladus, Yeah. Celadus
is a little three hundred mile diameter moon

586
00:48:04.239 --> 00:48:09.079
of Saturn and it's covered in ice, thick ice has a mantle of ice

587
00:48:09.119 --> 00:48:14.400
on it, and I mean mantle
meaning covering, not the mantle of the

588
00:48:14.440 --> 00:48:20.480
planet. But and this this covering
of ice has cracks in it. Now

589
00:48:21.079 --> 00:48:25.000
it's not The orbit is not perfectly
circular, so at one point in its

590
00:48:25.119 --> 00:48:31.119
orbit, Saturn's gravity actually compresses the
moon a little bit. Actually tidal forces

591
00:48:31.159 --> 00:48:37.159
squeeze the moon and cause those cracks
to open up, and that's when it

592
00:48:37.360 --> 00:48:44.480
spews as we've seen icy water from
its southern hemisphere geysers. Then after it

593
00:48:44.559 --> 00:48:49.840
passes that point in the orbit,
that ceases because the gravitational forces are no

594
00:48:49.920 --> 00:48:53.280
longer tugging in the same way.
The fissures close up and the geysers stop

595
00:48:54.000 --> 00:48:59.639
billowing this ice water. However,
what's interesting is, okay, that's the

596
00:48:59.679 --> 00:49:06.320
mechan that causes it. Now,
fascinating topic about Enceladus is that this has

597
00:49:06.360 --> 00:49:12.760
been happening forever since the moon form, So we're seeing that there's a lot

598
00:49:12.880 --> 00:49:17.239
of material inside of Enceladus to spew
out. Now, that led to other

599
00:49:17.280 --> 00:49:24.000
studies to indicate maybe Enceladus has a
slushy ocean underneath, kind of like Jupiter's

600
00:49:24.039 --> 00:49:28.440
moon Europa, and you don't want
to confuse the two. Europa's much bigger,

601
00:49:29.719 --> 00:49:34.559
has a similar icy sheath, but
has up to one hundred mile deep

602
00:49:34.639 --> 00:49:38.920
ocean beneath its icy crust. Enceladus, on the other hand, is tiny.

603
00:49:38.960 --> 00:49:44.519
It might have a slushy water ice
component, but we see along that

604
00:49:44.599 --> 00:49:49.480
southern hemisphere we don't see just water. We also see some complex molecules that

605
00:49:49.519 --> 00:49:53.880
are being deposited out there. This
indicates that we see the building blocks of

606
00:49:53.920 --> 00:50:00.000
life, because they're building blocks of
life being formed in a lot of place

607
00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:06.039
places that seemingly are inhospitable throughout our
Solar system. And this is very important

608
00:50:06.159 --> 00:50:08.760
for when we're looking for life.
It's also the premise of the book I

609
00:50:08.800 --> 00:50:13.800
wrote called The Populated Universe, which
talks about these building blocks of life that

610
00:50:13.840 --> 00:50:17.280
are found almost everywhere we look.
They're even found in hot jupiters that are

611
00:50:17.599 --> 00:50:22.280
so close to their star that they're
not even able to change the direction that

612
00:50:22.360 --> 00:50:27.519
I can't orbit. They're actually locked
facing the star. That's called tidal locking.

613
00:50:28.079 --> 00:50:31.239
And even in the atmospheres of those
planets, we've been able to detect

614
00:50:31.840 --> 00:50:37.599
some strange compounds and things that are
forming. And this is the kind of

615
00:50:38.239 --> 00:50:43.639
science that we're heading for, and
we're going to use the science of Enceladus

616
00:50:43.719 --> 00:50:46.800
the science of Europa. We're going
to find I predict, I think we're

617
00:50:46.840 --> 00:50:53.079
going to find that Europa around Jupiter
now bigger moon, okay, more ocean.

618
00:50:53.679 --> 00:50:59.360
I think we're going to find that
the water underneath that crust is highly

619
00:50:59.440 --> 00:51:04.400
oxygen. Now that means two things. It means yay oxygen, that means

620
00:51:04.400 --> 00:51:07.679
life could exist, yes, but
it also means highly acidic too, because

621
00:51:07.679 --> 00:51:14.000
whenever you have highly oxygenated water,
you also have some acidic content of water

622
00:51:14.079 --> 00:51:17.639
can be highly acidic. Now,
that doesn't mean life can't exist. Just

623
00:51:17.760 --> 00:51:22.880
look in the Yellowstone Hot Springs for
instance, or look at some of these

624
00:51:23.039 --> 00:51:30.119
very inhospitable acidic lakes that are on
the planet Earth. There's bacteria that are

625
00:51:30.159 --> 00:51:35.920
thriving in these environments. So this
brings up the concept of extremophiles, extreme

626
00:51:35.960 --> 00:51:39.639
forms of life that can live anywhere
and why and you know this, I

627
00:51:39.639 --> 00:51:44.599
think you did a story in this. There's even the microbes on the outside

628
00:51:44.639 --> 00:51:50.239
of the International Space Station that were
discovered, right, So these are all

629
00:51:50.400 --> 00:51:54.880
very important aspects of the search for
life. And we're not just searching for

630
00:51:54.920 --> 00:52:00.559
life like us. We're searching for
life not like us, because that's probably

631
00:52:00.679 --> 00:52:09.199
more readily present now. These geysers
on Enceladus. Uh. The way the

632
00:52:09.239 --> 00:52:15.880
story was framed is that NASA wasn't
one hundred percent sure there were geysers,

633
00:52:15.920 --> 00:52:21.440
but that that that's what was kind
of even more of a letdown from the

634
00:52:21.440 --> 00:52:24.360
press release, but that they were
saying they're pretty sure, they're a little

635
00:52:24.400 --> 00:52:30.679
more sure than they were before that
these geysers exist. Yeah. I mean,

636
00:52:30.480 --> 00:52:34.519
there's there's a number of photos that
people can look up online. They

637
00:52:34.559 --> 00:52:40.079
show up these wonderful backlit images of
Enceladus and you could see stuff spewing out

638
00:52:40.079 --> 00:52:47.320
a very focused focal points on the
moon. This this is water ice along

639
00:52:47.360 --> 00:52:55.760
with some complex molecules that are being
spewed out of there. And it's not

640
00:52:58.280 --> 00:53:01.719
it's not that these don't ex exist. The question you want to ask is

641
00:53:01.760 --> 00:53:07.079
how long will they exist? All
right? Because it's showing, you know,

642
00:53:07.599 --> 00:53:10.480
some of the some of the latest
research is actually showing that these guysers

643
00:53:10.480 --> 00:53:15.440
are beginning to i won't say shut
down, but they're starting to reduce their

644
00:53:15.440 --> 00:53:22.199
output. So it's possible that really
yeah, and it's possible that the narrowing

645
00:53:22.320 --> 00:53:25.440
is occurring as stuff maybe is accumulating
inside the walls of the guys or who

646
00:53:25.480 --> 00:53:30.679
knows. But if it's been doing
it now, it's probably been doing it

647
00:53:30.719 --> 00:53:37.119
in some form for a long long
time, and so maybe it's changing to

648
00:53:37.199 --> 00:53:39.800
a different mechanism. Maybe it's going
to seal up. Maybe it periodically opens

649
00:53:40.400 --> 00:53:45.559
and then closes after a period of
time we don't know, but you know,

650
00:53:45.960 --> 00:53:52.679
it's interesting that the moon, actually
the moon actually has the potential to

651
00:53:52.719 --> 00:53:58.199
have an awful lot of water inside. And it also in another backlit image

652
00:53:58.239 --> 00:54:00.000
you can actually see. In fact, I use this image for one of

653
00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:08.880
our displays actually at the move On
conference. There is a taurus that is

654
00:54:08.920 --> 00:54:17.679
a ring if you will, of
water ice residue around Saturn. Enceladus is

655
00:54:17.880 --> 00:54:24.079
orbit, so over time it's spread
out and made its way around the whole

656
00:54:24.239 --> 00:54:29.440
planet, you know, the whole
and formed a very faint ring which is

657
00:54:29.519 --> 00:54:34.159
visible in back light. And this
is you know, part and parcel to

658
00:54:34.239 --> 00:54:37.679
the whole thing going on with Enceladus. Now you might say, well,

659
00:54:37.679 --> 00:54:40.840
wouldn't that stuff have just all evaporated
already and just gone away, And the

660
00:54:40.880 --> 00:54:44.920
answer is yes, it might have, but there's nothing to stop it from

661
00:54:44.960 --> 00:54:47.880
just staying there in orbit around Saturn, and as Enceladus, with no atmosphere,

662
00:54:49.400 --> 00:54:52.639
collides with it as it moves around
its orbit, its self replenishing and

663
00:54:52.719 --> 00:54:59.400
this water falls to the surface of
Enceladus, and you know, forms new

664
00:54:59.440 --> 00:55:04.360
ices and new particles on the surface
of Enceladus. And one of the things

665
00:55:04.400 --> 00:55:08.440
that happens is that that stuff instead
of building a thicker and thicker ice sheath,

666
00:55:08.599 --> 00:55:14.400
it has to be getting recycled in
some way back into the interior.

667
00:55:14.840 --> 00:55:21.719
This could be through Saturns inexorable tugging
on Enceladus causing it to blocks, to

668
00:55:21.840 --> 00:55:25.159
raise and lower and to basically flip
over, say maybe like an iceberg in

669
00:55:25.199 --> 00:55:30.440
the water, and it's recycling some
of this material back to the interior,

670
00:55:30.519 --> 00:55:36.360
you know. So as it increases
this weight, okay, it's pressing down,

671
00:55:36.480 --> 00:55:39.599
and so that that ice sheath on
the surface will start to go dive

672
00:55:39.679 --> 00:55:45.159
deeper into the planet. Its own
weight will carry it deeper into the planet.

673
00:55:45.519 --> 00:55:47.679
On the bottom of that ice sheath
inside the planet, the stuff that

674
00:55:49.239 --> 00:55:52.880
is there gets melted off and ends
up going back up to the surface.

675
00:55:52.960 --> 00:55:59.239
Because another thing that's happening is that
tugging from that moon is causing or the

676
00:55:59.239 --> 00:56:04.400
tugging from satur and on that moon
is causing friction, and that heats things

677
00:56:04.480 --> 00:56:07.880
up, and that's why we have
water at all most likely, or it's

678
00:56:07.880 --> 00:56:13.960
the leftover radiation from initial formation.
But the bottom line is that that inextrible

679
00:56:14.000 --> 00:56:22.440
squeezing causes enough friction and enough heating
to melt those subsurface layers of ice into

680
00:56:22.480 --> 00:56:24.920
that ocean that's underneath Enceladus. I
say ocean, but it's you know,

681
00:56:25.000 --> 00:56:30.000
we don't know, right, But
either way, it's creating there this ring

682
00:56:30.440 --> 00:56:37.079
of water that it that the planet
goes through, traverses through and causing this

683
00:56:37.199 --> 00:56:42.039
this space rain. Essentially, that's
correct. I mean, if you're on

684
00:56:42.199 --> 00:56:46.760
Enceladus, you might actually find a
fine misty you know, ice covering on

685
00:56:46.800 --> 00:56:51.480
your spacesuit over a period of time. I can't say how much because I

686
00:56:51.480 --> 00:56:55.639
don't know the density of this this
material that's falling on them, but yes,

687
00:56:55.760 --> 00:57:00.800
and over time, if you had
an instrument that you placed on Enceladus,

688
00:57:00.800 --> 00:57:04.199
you would probably find if you came
back five years later, that it

689
00:57:04.239 --> 00:57:08.559
was encrusted with this ice. That's
crazy. That's a transport mechanism. Something

690
00:57:08.639 --> 00:57:14.800
is transporting it, and it's it's
the orbit of Enceladus itself spewing this up,

691
00:57:15.400 --> 00:57:16.880
you know, And then it's that's
stuff that's spewed out is going to

692
00:57:17.000 --> 00:57:21.280
stay in orbit. There's no reason
for it to go anywhere else. And

693
00:57:21.320 --> 00:57:28.440
as the particles collide with other particles
in Enceladus's orbit, they reach an equilibrium

694
00:57:28.880 --> 00:57:31.840
velocity and angular velocity in which they
end up going around the planet the same

695
00:57:31.880 --> 00:57:37.760
way as Enceladus. Now time,
when it comes to this space rain idea,

696
00:57:38.320 --> 00:57:43.360
you're probably aware of this, and
and I can't say the name of

697
00:57:43.400 --> 00:57:49.159
the guy who is the main scientist
where can share and be or something like

698
00:57:49.199 --> 00:57:52.280
this. It's not because it's it's
anonymous, it's just because I can't pronounce

699
00:57:52.360 --> 00:57:59.159
it. But I think it's the
University of Edinburgh in conjunction with the University

700
00:57:59.159 --> 00:58:02.840
of Alabama. Well, we had
Richard Hoover who's part of this group of

701
00:58:04.000 --> 00:58:12.679
astrobiologists, and Hoover worked for NASA
on their astrobiology team early on, and

702
00:58:12.800 --> 00:58:20.320
he since retired, but there's still
this group of astrobiologists who, for instance,

703
00:58:20.440 --> 00:58:25.039
defend the Mars rock that you know, Clinton famously talked about possibly having

704
00:58:25.360 --> 00:58:34.400
evidence of extraterrestrial life, but it's
still under debate. He talks about the

705
00:58:35.039 --> 00:58:42.800
possibility that Earth experiences space rain,
and some of this rain accounts for the

706
00:58:42.840 --> 00:58:50.119
red rain that has been you know, anecdotally talked about people seeing red rain

707
00:58:50.519 --> 00:59:00.239
and that that rain he feels could
hold you know, extraterrestrial microbes that could

708
00:59:00.280 --> 00:59:04.599
have, you know, kind of
brought life to this planet. Do you

709
00:59:04.679 --> 00:59:08.840
know much about that topic? But
I do know that the red rain has

710
00:59:08.880 --> 00:59:13.400
been reported. It's not just red. I mean it's been different colors,

711
00:59:13.400 --> 00:59:19.119
has been yellow, green and other
colors, and it would stain your clothes.

712
00:59:20.400 --> 00:59:23.239
I remember this. And one of
the things that I remember was that

713
00:59:23.280 --> 00:59:32.719
it was actually algae that was actually
sent airborne through some mechanism like like,

714
00:59:34.280 --> 00:59:37.719
well, certainly a water spot would
do it. Indeed, Yeah, and

715
00:59:37.760 --> 00:59:40.719
this has happened in places like India
and other countries where this rain, this

716
00:59:40.840 --> 00:59:45.280
red rain has occurred. And you
know, it's called the blood rain,

717
00:59:45.320 --> 00:59:49.280
and of course because it's associated with
blood, it becomes a very spiritual thing

718
00:59:49.360 --> 00:59:52.480
to a number of people. And
a water so people know it's when a

719
00:59:52.519 --> 01:00:00.079
tornado essentially goes over a body of
water. That's right, giant straw that

720
01:00:00.159 --> 01:00:06.480
pulls that water up and spews it
for miles many times. And yeah,

721
01:00:06.519 --> 01:00:14.840
so it's possible that the red rain
has been I don't know. I mean,

722
01:00:15.480 --> 01:00:20.440
I know there's a panspermia that's obviously
the life from out there getting here

723
01:00:21.119 --> 01:00:27.679
hypothesis, and we thought that maybe
the red rain. I know that the

724
01:00:27.679 --> 01:00:32.360
pants spermia hypothesis talks about red rain
is coming from comets at some point in

725
01:00:32.400 --> 01:00:37.599
the past or meteoric material that stuff. Is it possible then that we moved

726
01:00:37.719 --> 01:00:42.800
through and I think we have.
We moved through let's say the tail of

727
01:00:42.800 --> 01:00:49.440
a comet, and then that ice
rains back down on our planet. Well,

728
01:00:51.239 --> 01:00:53.480
I can say yeah, I mean, of course it's possible. In

729
01:00:53.519 --> 01:01:00.679
fact, it's not only possible,
it's guaranteed because we actually every time we

730
01:01:00.760 --> 01:01:02.760
go through a cometary til we see
a meteor shower. And that's what meteor

731
01:01:02.840 --> 01:01:08.440
showers are. It's going through the
dust tail of a previously past comet that

732
01:01:08.559 --> 01:01:13.199
came by. So when a comet, you know, the funny thing about

733
01:01:13.199 --> 01:01:15.679
comets is they leave a trail behind
them the whole way. Okay, And

734
01:01:15.719 --> 01:01:20.760
this is especially interesting and light of
the fact that the Rosetta mission just terminated

735
01:01:20.840 --> 01:01:29.599
the past week, and that cometary
tale that they leave behind them is actually

736
01:01:29.639 --> 01:01:34.400
a dust dust tail. But there's
also a chemical reaction, an electromagnetic reaction

737
01:01:34.480 --> 01:01:38.880
that occurs, and there's an ion
tail that's also created. The ion tail

738
01:01:39.159 --> 01:01:45.480
always points, okay, in a
direction that is away from the Sun,

739
01:01:46.360 --> 01:01:51.880
and the dust tail just goes to
wherever the orbit of the comet was,

740
01:01:52.039 --> 01:01:55.800
So a comet can have two tails
in the sky, and that dust tail

741
01:01:57.000 --> 01:01:59.760
is the thing that creates the meteor
showers. And what you're talking about the

742
01:01:59.760 --> 01:02:05.559
pot stability of that cometary rain of
debris coming down on our planet. And

743
01:02:06.079 --> 01:02:07.599
there's no doubt that this has happened
in the past, and in fact,

744
01:02:07.639 --> 01:02:12.880
there's no doubt that comets have actually
struck us, delivering a huge amount of

745
01:02:12.920 --> 01:02:15.639
water to our planet. And when
you look at our oceans and the size

746
01:02:15.679 --> 01:02:21.559
of our oceans, you say,
it couldn't possibly have had that many cometary

747
01:02:21.599 --> 01:02:24.119
strikes to make up that kind of
water, and that's probably true. But

748
01:02:24.960 --> 01:02:32.199
we have had billions of comets strike
this planet over time, and that is

749
01:02:32.400 --> 01:02:37.320
during the early era of bombardment.
In the first billion years or so of

750
01:02:37.360 --> 01:02:42.639
our formation, there was an era
where we were constantly bombarded by all manner

751
01:02:42.719 --> 01:02:46.880
of comets and meteors and asteroids,
and in one planetary sized body, which

752
01:02:47.320 --> 01:02:52.440
is the thought process behind which the
Moon was formed, when it hit the

753
01:02:52.440 --> 01:02:58.599
Earth and split the Earth off into
a small chunk came out and that was

754
01:02:58.599 --> 01:03:02.719
the Moon. So there's that possibility. So the pan spermia approach from commets

755
01:03:02.800 --> 01:03:07.840
is not so far fetched actually,
because we certainly oh a great deal of

756
01:03:07.840 --> 01:03:14.840
our water to commentary impact from a
long, long time ago mm so.

757
01:03:15.039 --> 01:03:20.440
And if there was some sort of
impact and a piece of the Earth detached,

758
01:03:21.760 --> 01:03:27.840
it could take with it earthly extremophiles, which then could rain down on

759
01:03:27.920 --> 01:03:32.719
some other planet populating that planet.
That's an interesting point that no one's ever

760
01:03:32.760 --> 01:03:36.880
made, and I like it.
Thank you, you're welcome. I mean,

761
01:03:36.920 --> 01:03:39.679
the thought is I give a huge
credit where credit is due, and

762
01:03:39.719 --> 01:03:43.679
that was a good thought. I
actually never thought of that, the thought

763
01:03:43.719 --> 01:03:52.679
that maybe these impacts hitting Earth took
away I'll call them pan spermatic particles like

764
01:03:52.800 --> 01:03:57.320
I don't know what else to call
them. That led to some other planet

765
01:03:57.360 --> 01:04:00.679
having microbes, maybe Mars. Okay, maybe it was both directions. Maybe

766
01:04:01.519 --> 01:04:08.119
we've been struck by Martian asteroids and
meteorites in the past, but maybe Mars

767
01:04:08.159 --> 01:04:12.840
has been struck by Earth based asteroids, and maybe any microbes found on Mars

768
01:04:13.800 --> 01:04:16.880
might look very much like microbes here, but you know where they came from

769
01:04:16.920 --> 01:04:23.480
here, And this object, should
it have dislodged, would have a tail

770
01:04:24.199 --> 01:04:28.559
as it went to go see another
planet. So it's kind of like Earth

771
01:04:28.639 --> 01:04:33.480
sperm. It's an Earth sperm.
At that point, we're running out of

772
01:04:33.559 --> 01:04:39.400
time. I'm sure the look on
your face is priceles right now. How

773
01:04:39.440 --> 01:04:43.840
would you can see the look on
yours in the wide eyes and the eyebrows.

774
01:04:44.320 --> 01:04:49.400
Oh, I can't believe you said. But speaking of Enceladus and models,

775
01:04:50.199 --> 01:04:57.880
you've created a model of Inceladus for
NASA's Unexplained Files. Is that true?

776
01:04:58.440 --> 01:05:02.480
Yeah? Yeah, I I've worked
on all four seasons of NASA's Unexplained

777
01:05:02.519 --> 01:05:05.360
Files, and you know, I
go in front of the camera. I

778
01:05:05.400 --> 01:05:11.239
do special effects behind the camera as
well. And on one occasion, I

779
01:05:11.239 --> 01:05:15.039
think it was season one, they
talked about Enceladus and I actually created two

780
01:05:15.079 --> 01:05:19.840
models. I created one model that
we could compress under gravitational influence to show

781
01:05:19.920 --> 01:05:25.000
the cracks opening, and then when
that compression was released, you'd see the

782
01:05:25.000 --> 01:05:29.320
cracks closing. So I created one
model of that, and then I created

783
01:05:29.599 --> 01:05:34.559
an acrylic sphere model of Enceladus where
I actually created the white surface that looked

784
01:05:34.599 --> 01:05:39.840
like ice at at that scale,
and then I had these tiny holes in

785
01:05:39.880 --> 01:05:46.360
it and I only put I put
one psi of fog inside Enceladus. Enceladus

786
01:05:46.360 --> 01:05:51.679
model just one pound persureance just slightly
higher than normal, and out of those

787
01:05:51.800 --> 01:05:59.880
tiny, tiny pinprick holes came spewing
these gigantic geysers of fog. Now at

788
01:06:00.079 --> 01:06:02.719
at slow motion and film properly,
it looked just like the back of the

789
01:06:02.719 --> 01:06:05.719
image of Enceladus, you see,
but in motion. So it was really

790
01:06:05.719 --> 01:06:12.039
cool. That's super cool. It
was cool. Well, that's because you're

791
01:06:12.159 --> 01:06:15.119
just a cool dude, you know
what, anything to make the ends meet,

792
01:06:15.199 --> 01:06:21.039
right, So it sounds like a
lot of really fun cool stuff.

793
01:06:21.159 --> 01:06:26.079
Like I said, we're pretty much
out of time now. People of course

794
01:06:26.199 --> 01:06:30.360
can find you. You do stuff
with mouf on. You do the NASA

795
01:06:30.519 --> 01:06:36.960
Unexplained Files, which is on which
channel? That's on Discovery? And I

796
01:06:38.000 --> 01:06:40.880
also I also do one on Earth, which is a new series, and

797
01:06:40.920 --> 01:06:45.239
that's I don't I can't say which
one. I don't remember with the channel.

798
01:06:45.320 --> 01:06:48.280
It might be Discovery, might be
Science or History channel. I don't

799
01:06:48.320 --> 01:06:51.400
know. I forgot what channel I
am. I can't remember. I never

800
01:06:51.440 --> 01:06:54.480
get to watch them. I always
get to do them. I always have

801
01:06:54.559 --> 01:06:56.920
to do them. Yeah, you
know, what on Earth is coming out

802
01:06:56.960 --> 01:07:00.679
in a couple of weeks, and
and nasa'sn't Explain falls just left the remains

803
01:07:00.679 --> 01:07:02.719
of season four, and I just
never know where I'm going with these things.

804
01:07:03.079 --> 01:07:05.639
I just I just get the story
list, I start working through it,

805
01:07:08.039 --> 01:07:11.199
you know, and and and we
go. I hope they put you

806
01:07:11.239 --> 01:07:15.840
in that cool What was it like? A red turtleneck? Yeah, that

807
01:07:15.280 --> 01:07:18.199
was pretty cool. I mean,
so Jim Obird can say that I look

808
01:07:18.280 --> 01:07:21.440
like the red shirt on Star Trek. Yeah, you did look like red

809
01:07:21.519 --> 01:07:25.639
shirt at the Star Trek. Jim
and I had a nice talk about that.

810
01:07:25.719 --> 01:07:28.079
We laughed. You know, he's
a very nice guy when it comes

811
01:07:28.119 --> 01:07:32.360
to this. He was pretty good. Well, yeah, so that's where

812
01:07:32.400 --> 01:07:35.599
they could find you. Where else
can people look for you? Well,

813
01:07:35.679 --> 01:07:39.840
my website, which is outdated because
I simply don't have the time to update

814
01:07:39.880 --> 01:07:45.159
it, is www dot fxmodels dot
com. That's the my special effects website

815
01:07:45.360 --> 01:07:48.400
FX Models. You can also go
to Doug Trumbell dot com and see the

816
01:07:48.480 --> 01:07:51.840
kind of work that we've done and
that we do up at the studio with

817
01:07:53.239 --> 01:07:57.559
Doug putting your UFO work that you
guys do together. That's correct. You

818
01:07:57.599 --> 01:08:01.719
can see the UFO work. You
can see the euphatog originating project that created

819
01:08:02.519 --> 01:08:06.039
the project we're working on now called
Euphatog two, which you know all about,

820
01:08:06.280 --> 01:08:10.119
and then some of your viewers may
know about the You know, it's

821
01:08:10.119 --> 01:08:14.159
bringing eupology into the twenty first century, albeit slower than we want. But

822
01:08:14.800 --> 01:08:17.279
you know, we are self funding
at this point. We're not looking for

823
01:08:17.319 --> 01:08:21.359
any anyone yet to provide vast sums
of money. We're trying to get this

824
01:08:21.399 --> 01:08:27.239
out the door ourselves, and everyone
working on the project is working for free,

825
01:08:27.399 --> 01:08:30.800
so uh, you know, but
we are expending a lot of money

826
01:08:30.920 --> 01:08:33.479
to try and get this thing to
work because we know it will work.

827
01:08:33.680 --> 01:08:38.960
It's just you know, if someone's
out there using advanced technology to apply the

828
01:08:39.000 --> 01:08:43.399
stars, then they're going to leave
what we've termed skid marks in our four

829
01:08:43.399 --> 01:08:47.640
dimensional space when they cross back into
it and leave our dimensional space. And

830
01:08:47.680 --> 01:08:54.359
that's what we're looking for marks.
Yeah, and every nine year old kid

831
01:08:54.439 --> 01:08:58.560
will laugh as butt off exactly.
The nine year old kid in each of

832
01:08:58.640 --> 01:09:01.960
us was seeing making a joke.
But I think the nine year old kid

833
01:09:01.960 --> 01:09:03.960
that's in me is the one that
came up with that phrase. When I

834
01:09:04.000 --> 01:09:09.039
call him skid mark. I have
no idea what I just started, but

835
01:09:09.199 --> 01:09:15.399
I probably shouldn't have. But it's
okay, I believe it wholeheartedly. Nine

836
01:09:15.479 --> 01:09:19.039
year olds have skid marks. Okay. Oh and a joke came out.

837
01:09:19.840 --> 01:09:24.239
All right. Well, thank you
so much for being on the show again.

838
01:09:24.680 --> 01:09:28.800
Great as always. You have a
good one. Yeah. Great to

839
01:09:28.840 --> 01:09:31.119
talk to you too, Okayn,
thank you very much. All right,

840
01:09:31.199 --> 01:09:35.720
thanks man. Thank you so much
to marky Antonio for being on the show

841
01:09:35.840 --> 01:09:43.520
again. What an interesting, interesting, interesting fella. So he's a lot

842
01:09:43.560 --> 01:09:47.479
of fun to talk to and really
interesting. It's great to have someone so

843
01:09:47.640 --> 01:09:53.359
knowledgeable in these things to be able
to discuss, you know, some of

844
01:09:53.399 --> 01:10:01.439
the news because the media doesn't always
you know, get things totally right.

845
01:10:01.760 --> 01:10:05.279
I mean they're not scientists, they're
not astronomers, so sometimes it's hard to

846
01:10:05.760 --> 01:10:12.640
interpret this stuff and then you don't
get the full story times as well.

847
01:10:12.880 --> 01:10:16.840
Plus there's a lot of implications,
so there's a lot of questions and possibility.

848
01:10:16.960 --> 01:10:19.800
So it's a lot of fun to
have Mark there to be able to

849
01:10:19.840 --> 01:10:25.359
talk to, and it's just fascinating. I hope you all find it very

850
01:10:25.399 --> 01:10:31.520
fascinating as well. Because I'm mainstream
science. It's twofold. First of all,

851
01:10:31.560 --> 01:10:34.880
they seem to be on the cusp. They're on the verge of finding

852
01:10:35.279 --> 01:10:41.039
some sort of life, even if
it's in a microbe. But the second

853
01:10:41.039 --> 01:10:45.800
of all it, you know,
this whole Tabby Star thing just demonstrates how

854
01:10:45.880 --> 01:10:54.279
open many scientists are to the idea
of extraterrestrial life and even intelligent extraterrestrial life.

855
01:10:54.319 --> 01:10:59.800
So I think that's really really important. Otherwise, thank you so much

856
01:10:59.840 --> 01:11:02.640
to Martin for joining us for the
news even though he was out in a

857
01:11:02.680 --> 01:11:08.840
boot today. And thank you to
you all for listening. Thank you to

858
01:11:08.920 --> 01:11:12.960
Caleb Hanks for the opening and closed
music. A couple notes when it comes

859
01:11:13.000 --> 01:11:17.159
to the UFO Congress, Last Friday
was the last day for the Super Early

860
01:11:17.279 --> 01:11:24.319
Bird. Oh you missed it?
Oh no, but you know I love

861
01:11:24.399 --> 01:11:30.880
you. So we have created these
social media codes, social Fool and Social

862
01:11:31.560 --> 01:11:36.399
Speakers. When you register online.
If you use those codes, they will

863
01:11:36.399 --> 01:11:42.560
be good until Monday. That's right, almost a week away, six days

864
01:11:42.560 --> 01:11:45.119
away. They'll be good until then, so you can still get the Super

865
01:11:45.319 --> 01:11:50.760
Early Bird special huh, hooking you
up, peeps. And the reason that's

866
01:11:50.760 --> 01:11:56.399
so important is because the speakers are
so cool. I've posted more speakers.

867
01:11:56.960 --> 01:12:00.560
I'm posting a speaker this week that's
going to be super awesome. You'll hear

868
01:12:00.640 --> 01:12:03.600
more about that in time. I
might have already told you guys, because

869
01:12:03.640 --> 01:12:06.640
I tell you guys everything. But
anyways, it's going to be really cool,

870
01:12:06.720 --> 01:12:12.680
So that's where you'll be able to
get. Remember, it's Social full

871
01:12:12.880 --> 01:12:18.680
or Social speakers Social fool you use
for the full attendance tickets or if you're

872
01:12:18.680 --> 01:12:25.199
getting the speaker only tickets, then
you use Social Speakers. You can check

873
01:12:25.239 --> 01:12:30.319
our social media for more information about
that, meaning our Facebook and our Twitter.

874
01:12:30.720 --> 01:12:34.000
We have a new UFO report that
we posted on Friday, so check

875
01:12:34.039 --> 01:12:38.800
that out on our YouTube for free. Also, go to open Minds to

876
01:12:38.800 --> 01:12:41.800
dot tv, not just for all
the stories that Martin and I talked about

877
01:12:41.880 --> 01:12:45.399
earlier, but you can also go
there to join our email list. That's

878
01:12:45.520 --> 01:12:49.600
very important because if you join our
email list, then you'll be updated on

879
01:12:49.720 --> 01:12:56.359
everything that we do new, including
specials and discounts. Getting on that email

880
01:12:56.439 --> 01:13:02.920
list is just so very very important, and it's cool because I love putting

881
01:13:02.920 --> 01:13:05.640
them together because it just shows,
you know, over a two week period,

882
01:13:05.640 --> 01:13:10.199
which is usually when we put them
out every other week, if something

883
01:13:10.319 --> 01:13:13.960
really cool is going on, then
we'll give you an update. And we've

884
01:13:14.000 --> 01:13:16.920
got a lot of cool stuff going
on these days, but how much stuff

885
01:13:17.000 --> 01:13:23.000
we actually do in a couple of
weeks. Tons of great stories, podcasts,

886
01:13:23.039 --> 01:13:26.399
you know, YouTube videos. Oh
my gosh, we're hooking you guys

887
01:13:26.479 --> 01:13:31.439
up. And the reason that especially
it's good to let you know about our

888
01:13:31.520 --> 01:13:36.600
podcast is because we've been a little
bit infrequent lately. And I do apologize,

889
01:13:36.920 --> 01:13:40.800
you know, I'm only a day
late on this one. I've just

890
01:13:40.880 --> 01:13:48.439
had a hard time scheduling guests recently
for some reason, just bad luck connecting

891
01:13:48.479 --> 01:13:54.600
with people and getting able to work
with schedules and stuff, which reminds me.

892
01:13:54.880 --> 01:13:57.199
You know, if you have someone
that you would love to hear on

893
01:13:57.239 --> 01:14:00.680
the show, either have them,
have them and again, or you know,

894
01:14:00.760 --> 01:14:04.199
for the first time, let me
know. Email us a contact at

895
01:14:04.239 --> 01:14:12.039
openminds dot tv. Remember that is
contact at openminds dot tv, and send

896
01:14:12.159 --> 01:14:15.319
us a suggestion or send it something
over Facebook or or wherever. That's cool

897
01:14:15.439 --> 01:14:18.840
too. But you all heard I
was very enthusiastic, you know, whce

898
01:14:18.920 --> 01:14:23.560
I came back from vacation. I'm
gonna do shows and stuff like that,

899
01:14:23.760 --> 01:14:27.159
and I've been trying people, but
we're gonna have a lot of great shows

900
01:14:27.199 --> 01:14:31.439
coming up, so so no worries
there Otherwise, I guess that's all I

901
01:14:31.479 --> 01:14:35.560
got to say for now. Visit
open Minds dot tv for more and of

902
01:14:35.640 --> 01:14:41.720
course the last people I like to
think are you all the listeners. Thank

903
01:14:41.760 --> 01:15:13.840
you all so much for listening,
and until next week, Audios mood chattos at