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Best. Welcome to the podcast.
Folks, this is Paul Abernathy. Welcome

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to Let's Ask Paul, the podcast
where you get to ask me, Paul

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Abernathy, any question you want on
the National Electric Code. I'll give my

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best to try to answer it for
you. All you got to do if

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you want to submit your question is
go over to our portal at Paul Abernathy

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00:00:52,600 --> 00:00:57,119
dot com p A U L A
B E r n A t h y

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dot com and you can submit your
question to me and I will either answer

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it on a podcast much like today, or I will answer in an email,

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but I will try my best to
get you an answer. Now,

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I got literally hundreds and hundreds of
these things and I'm trying to catch up

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on them. But the one that
we have today was actually forwarded to me

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from Darlene, who kind of filters
out my podcast topics, and she saw

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this one and said, this is
a multi part one that you might be

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you know, might find interesting to
do on a podcast. So I will

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look through it and I bumped it
to the top of the list. So

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I'm going to do it and try
to answer the questions. Now, before

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I do that, I do want
to mention. An announcement to folks out

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there who are studying for the National
Electrical Code or simply wanting to learn the

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code much better. We have introduced
two more affordable courses over on fasttrackssystem dot

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com. And I'll remind you that
when we say tracks, folks, it's

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tr X, not t R A
c K, it's tracks t R a

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X. So fast tracks System dot
Com is the website, okay, and

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if you go there, you'll see
that we introduced a basic course and an

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enhanced course, much more cost effective
and you get a whole lot. Even

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our new database is available now.
That's huge, huge, because it has

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even some embedded videos, some flash
cards, and it's just an interesting new

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product that I think people are going
to like. And it's again more cost

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effective. At price actually went down
from our Black and our Plus courses.

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Now those courses are still available,
they're more interactive with me. I do

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the grading, whereas the Basic and
the Enhanced you do your own grading and

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you have an answer sheet, but
you still get all the same course materials.

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So again it's just kind of taking
me out of the equation, but

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there's a way you can get me
in the equation is that the enhanced version

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of our basic program also gives you
access to the Wednesday night sessions and you

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get a twelve month access to fast
tracks Tube. That's right, Yes,

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our exclusive shut up, our exclusive
video platform. That is awesome. It

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is going bonkers. People are loving
the new look, the new browser,

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the new video player, the blackout
feature. It's just awesome. And it's

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a trusted source for electrical code training
and we're going to be expanding that even

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more so. It is the place
to be. If you haven't looked at

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it, go to fasttracks Tube dot
com, f A S T t r

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a x t ube dot com and
there is actually a free video in there.

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It looks like the Little Yellow Demon. Click on the Little Yellow Demon

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and you'll be able to see a
sample of the player and kind of get

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an idea. Let you play with
a little bit. But it's an awesome

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platform and it's exclusively ours. I
own it and so we can expand it

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any we want. Now. Also
in that platform, on Wednesday nights,

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you can click through the top link
that says fass Tracks Live. That's the

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zoom portal and you'll get access to
Wednesday Nights and so if we have an

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a session on Wednesday night, the
link will be up there and you will

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be able to join us and ask
all kinds of questions and we do lessons

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and I answer questions about the program
and calculations. I mean, it's just

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a great time. Plus it's maybe
you just want to come and hang out.

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Code is code. Everybody loves code, and you know we are nerds,

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code nerds. But I mean,
at the end of the day,

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it's fun times. Some people have
been coming for years. We have students

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that have moved on, but they
sometimes will pop back in and I love

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seeing students. So this is kind
of our gathering place on Wednesday nights.

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So you get that with the enhanced
program. So check them out. New

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prices really amazing and you get instant
access and it never expires. How about

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that? How about that never expires? And that's something new, right?

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All right? So let's look at
today's question that we're submitted. It's a

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multi part question. I'll do my
best to answer these questions for you and

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the best I can in a mobile
like a not a mobile a podcast format,

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okay, because I can't you know, you can't see no visuals here,

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So all right, let's do it. First, it says, Hi,

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I'm working with the twenty twenty three
code and I have a few questions

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related to the nameplate data on an
air conditioning unit. Okay, first thing,

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it says, number one, I
know the small conductor rules of two

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forty dot four D don't apply per
two forty dot four G. But if

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you stop and just read two forty
dot four G and the sentence doesn't really

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make sense and doesn't really give any
direction, shouldn't it say something to the

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effect that the small conductor rules of
two forty dot feed don't apply D don't

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apply in this sections of table two
forty dot four G. Okay, let

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me answer this one first. It
doesn't need to say that, because if

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you understand code structure, it's telling
you and it's it's saying it's permitting you

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to use two forty dot four G, which ultimately is going to reference the

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table which is right underneath it,
and it says the overcurrent protection for the

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specific conductors shall be permitted to be
protected in reference to table too forty dot

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four G. So you don't have
to do it. I mean, I

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can follow the small conductor rules at
all. Times if I want, and

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you are going to do that when
you're doing you know, general branch circuits,

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small appliance branch circuits, laundry anywhere
else. Those are small conductor rules

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because again we don't know they could
go to receptacles, we don't know what

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they're going to plug into them,
and so we're protecting those conductors at their

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opacity, and we have all these
special rules. Okay. In fact,

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even in opacity tables three, ten, sixteen, it has little asterisk for

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sixteen gage, eighteen gauge, fourten
engage, twelve gauge, and ten gauge

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that sends you to the bottom to
a note which is going to send you

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to the small conductor protection rules.
Okay, so that is a general rule.

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So everything you see pushing you to
g for example, is permitted.

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Okay, it's a shabby permission.
So it's permissive for you to do it.

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You don't have to do it,
but you're permitted to do it.

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Right, And so in this case, when we're talking about HVAC and you

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look at two forty dot four G
and it referenced you to the table,

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you'll notice that the very first one
on the table is air conditioning and refrigeration

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equipment circuit conductors, and that is
an article four forty and it is specific

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to part three, Part four,
and part six, which, by the

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way, happen to do with the
short circuit, groundfall protection, the conductor

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sizing, and overload. All of
those things are covered within those parts.

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And so there is going to be
a situation where you're going to have a

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conductor of a certain opacity, but
it's going to allow it to go higher

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than that for a short period of
time, okay, like you do time

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delayed fuses or hacker rated breakers for
a short period of time to allow that

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in rush current on a startup to
get to running speed and get to running

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and then it will drop back down
and then the values the running load current

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will be within the rating of that
conductor's typical opacity. Right, So we're

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giving the allowance for it to briefly
go above its rating until it gets to

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it's normal running current and then it
comes back down. Okay. So this

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is very common also for motors,
because you see motors is in this list

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as well, right C. Four
thirty parts two, three, four,

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five, six, and what is
that seven? So it's and there's other

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ones in here as well. So
these have elements where they're going to allow

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you to ignore the small conductor rule
protection rule and then use what's in these

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specific articles. And that's what's unique
about it. So and it doesn't really

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say to do that. You just
have to know that this is permissive,

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and then when you go to those
specific articles, then you're going to read

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where it gives you direction on the
conductors and the protection of those conductors and

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whatnot. Okay, Now, I
would be remiss if I did not even

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say this. For people that want
things to be clear in the code,

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you can always submit a public input
and have your input involved in it if

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you think it should say something better. I mean, I know how to

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read code, so I see what
This doesn't need any additional clarification to me

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because I know that the small conductor
rules can apply everywhere. But this is

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permitting me to do something differently per
these specific articles that are in this table.

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That's how that's how it reads.
Okay. Now, one of the

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things for years people have said,
you know, well, why does the

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code be a little more descriptive,
And because it's not an installation manual and

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it's only to be used by those
that are trained. You know, the

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submitter is now being trained to understand
how this flows. Although when I read

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it, they most certainly understood that. They just wanted a little more clarity.

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So by no means am I saying
the submitter doesn't understand it. They

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just want more clarity, And I
get it. Everybody does, so that's

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kind of the reason it doesn't.
But remember you can always submit, okay,

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public inputs when the window of submission
is open, you can always submit

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it and justify it and substantiate it, and there is a probability that the

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code panel will listen. Okay,
So just kind of kudos out there if

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you want to submit it. For
all those that did submit it for the

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twenty twenty six cycle, that first
draft is already in the process. We're

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going to be balloting soon, so
your next shot at it is going to

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be the public comment stage. But
that's part of you being involved in the

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process. Okay, So awfully that
makes sense. Okay, let's go into

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your next question. Number two says, why do we have a small conductor

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rule in two forty forty at all? Why not use the tables and rules

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in three ten for all conductors.
Well, because we have certain conditions where

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As I stated, you might have
a name plate let's say on an HVAC

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piece of equipment, an outsair conditioning
unit outside, for example, and it

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says minimum circuit apacity, maximum overcurrent
protection. And this is all because the

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manufacturers have done all of their own
testing. They've utilized the allowances in part

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three, Part four, and part
six of article four forty in order to

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take into account things like short circuit, groundfall protection, overload, and circuit

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sizing. They've already done this for
you. And this is kind of like

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a unique condition that the manufacturers are
experts on this. This is they know

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their equipment and they're just designing it
around the allowances in four forty. Okay.

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So the one thing to remember,
though is we have a lot of

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other You know, if you look
at that table in two forty dot four

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G, there's not a lot of
things there, right, There's one,

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two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine,

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ten things. So there is a
much more to applications where you would

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run brand circuits and stuff where these
small conductor rules must apply. Thiss just

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ten unique areas here where you have
something that could change that or modify it

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so it's not like it's rampant.
So mostly on anything that you would do

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day and day out, like the
small appliance brand circuits to your kitchen,

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or your laundry brand circuit, or
the bedroom brand circuits or living room brand

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circuits, your lighting circuits, and
you're dwelling, you're going to follow the

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small conductor rules. You're going to
protect the fourteen gauge at fifteen amps,

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you're going to protect the twelve gage
at twenty amps, you will protect the

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ten gauge at thirty amps. That's
the small conductor rules unless something is permitted

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to allow you to deviate from that, and that's why you have this table.

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Now, this is all based on
again manufacturers testing in certain specific rules

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within those articles and specific parts and
subdivisions of those parts that actually give you

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guidance. And it's a minimum safety
standard. So this has all been vetted

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out, so it's giving you that
permission to do so. So I don't

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want to give you the impression that
we don't have other rules that we have

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to provide protection for these small conductors
other than these absolutely brand circuits to your

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bathroom, living room, bedroom,
All of that have to follow the small

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conductor rules if they're within that scope
of sizes. Okay, sixteen gauge,

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eighteen, gauge twelve gage, ten
gage, fourteen gage, all that small

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conductor rules must apply. In fact, the opacity table of three ten sixteen

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even has the asterisk that send you
to the bottom notes, which are not

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informational notes, folks. Those are
notes, so they're very much applicable.

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So it reminds you about the small
conductor rules. Okay, but again we're

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talking about those that can modify it. Okay, hope that makes sense.

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The next question is number three.
It says on an air conditioning name plate

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data it says maximum FUSEE forty ampiers. Are we allowed to substitute breakers for

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a breaker for fuse or do we
have to use fus? It doesn't specific

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specify what type of FUSEE. Okay, so here's what we have to think

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about a little bit. So if
you have a name plate that says minimum

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circuit opacity, so it has to
be at conductors of a minimum of this

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opacity, and then you have a
maximum over current protection. If that's all

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it's said, then I could use
fuse or circuit breaker. So you're saying,

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Okay, what type of fuse do
I use? Well, you got

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to think about this for a second. If it says fuse only, then

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you could only use a fuse.
But you want to make sure that you're

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using a time delayed fuse. Why
Because the whole concept here is you're going

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to be allowed in for forty in
part three, Part four, and Part

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six, there's going to be conditions
where it's going to allow you to have

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a current that is going to be
higher than the rating of the conductor for

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a brief amount of time, and
you're only going to have short circuit of

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ground fault protection, although there are
allowances up in four forty, specifically in

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part six that's going to allow you
to use that same circuit breaker or fuse

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for not only short circuit ground fault
protection, but also overload protection. Okay

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in one device. And so if
it says maximum FUSEE, then it has

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to be a fuse. Now it's
not going to say maximum time delay fuse,

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although it could, but you got
to think about it. Why do

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we want a time delay? Because
we want to allow the current to come

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in spike up on the start of
this unit and then it's going to come

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back down to its running current,
okay, and so we need that time

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frame in there so that doesn't just
instantly blow the fuse. Same with a

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circuit breaker the way the curving is, and you have a hacker rated breaker

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that's going to allow for a certain
amount of end rush and then it's going

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to come back down to its normal
running current and everything is fine. So

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we don't have these nuisance trips and
you know, things like that and customers

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getting totally ticked off because every time
the air conditioning starts to fuse blows or

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the breaker trips. So all of
this is done by the manufacturer and they

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already do the testing. But to
answer your question, if it's said fuses

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and that's what it said, it
didn't say maximum over current protection, but

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it actually says maximum fuse size,
then you can only use fuses only because

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that's what it states. So some
of those will say maximum overcurrent protection and

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in parentheses it'll have fuze or circuit
breaker, Okay, then you can use

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either or whenever in doubt. Folks, don't be afraid to reach out to

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the manufacturer if you're ever in doubt. They have customer support lines. They're

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usually many cases twenty four to seven. They have online resources, They have

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their own installation guides that you can
download and probably give in sight on certain

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things. But when it comes to
fuses, it's basically you have to remember

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the concept here is that you have
to have a delay right now. Can

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you put instant and if you want, you can do whatever you want.

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Now, whether or not it holds
or not is a whole different story.

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That's kind of an installation thing.
They're not going to tell you that.

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Okay, each manufacturer may have something
different that they want, but at the

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end of the day, fuses or
fuses, now me, I'm going to

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use time delay. Why because if
it is a thirty am fuse and it's

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a time delay, then it means
that it's not going to blow immediately on

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the inter rush of current. It's
going to go up and it's going to

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sustain that, and then it's once
it gets back down and that unit gets

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to running, then everything's going to
be fine. Okay, So that's kind

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of the scenario why you want to
have time delay, But could you put

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regular fuses in there? Absolutely if
you want, Whether they hold or not,

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it's two different stories. Two different
stories, okay. And then of

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course breakers typically hacker breakers, and
that's already going to have their curve figured

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out so that you're not going to
have a problem with that in rush.

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And then it comes back down to
the running current. Okay, So just

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remember that the manufacturers in these name
plates, and I think I have a

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video out there on this over on
my YouTube channel, but it might only

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be on the fast tracks tube.
Now, since we're moving much a bunch

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00:18:25,759 --> 00:18:30,240
of stuff where I explain this with
images and graphics and the name plate and

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all this kind of stuff, I
can't tell you exactly in my mind where

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it is now because I have so
much freaking content out there somewhere all over

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00:18:37,519 --> 00:18:41,079
the place that I don't even know
where it is. So go on and

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00:18:41,359 --> 00:18:45,920
go over to my YouTube channel,
which is always master the NEC. Go

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00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:49,079
over there and do a search for
HVAC and see what you come up with.

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00:18:49,119 --> 00:18:52,640
You might be surprised. It's probably
over there if I haven't moved it

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00:18:52,720 --> 00:18:56,240
yet. So hopefully that answers all
of your questions, at least in a

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podcast. If it doesn't, you
know what you folks can do. You

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00:18:59,799 --> 00:19:03,440
can always follow up to a podcast
by just simply going to Paul Abernathy dot

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00:19:03,480 --> 00:19:07,799
com. Fill out the form and
put in there that you're doing a follow

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00:19:07,880 --> 00:19:11,400
up to a previous podcast. Give
me a bit of a synopsis of what

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00:19:11,480 --> 00:19:15,880
the podcast was about and what you're
talking about, and then you can ask

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00:19:15,960 --> 00:19:19,319
your question follow up question. You're
not limited to what you put there,

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00:19:19,359 --> 00:19:23,839
so feel free to type away and
be as detailed as possible. Always make

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sure you tell me the code cycle
you're working on, because it does change

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00:19:26,599 --> 00:19:30,880
from cycle to cycle in some cases. And I will do my best to

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do a follow up and answer any
questions. Again, I can't read mind,

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00:19:33,640 --> 00:19:36,880
so I'm doing my best to try
to give as much as i can.

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All Right, folks, that's it
on today's episode. It's going to

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be a pretty quick one. Again. Thanks for joining me. If you're

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00:19:42,119 --> 00:19:47,599
wanting to learn more about the NEEC. We have two great new courses available

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00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:51,240
over on fastracksystem dot com. Also, we have a bunch of neat swag.

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00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:52,799
If you haven't seen it you're a
code nerd like me, we have

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00:19:52,839 --> 00:19:56,480
a whole new line called Code Nerd
and it is so cool. I've got

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00:19:56,480 --> 00:20:00,759
a phone case for my phone that
has a code Nerd on it. Of

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00:20:00,759 --> 00:20:03,799
course, I've seen my hat with
the code nerd. It's pretty cool right.

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00:20:03,920 --> 00:20:07,319
So anyway, until next time,
folks, stay safe, God blessed,

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00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:11,759
and we'll catch you on another episode
of Let's Ask Paul Down the Road. Peace,
