Welcome to Veterans Chronicles. I'm Greg Corumbus. Our guest in this edition is
retired US Army Major General John Ron, Junior. He is a veteran of
World War Two, including the D Day landings at Omaha Beach, for which
he received a Silver Star. He is also a veteran of the Vietnam War.
In all forty years of service in the United States Army and General Ron,
thank you very much for being with us, sir, Well, thank
you for being here. When and where were you born, sir? I
was born at Fort Benning, Columbus, April twenty second, nineteen twenty two,
and your father was in the service current. My father was a graduate
of what they now call the class of nine June nineteen nineteen. Well,
actually it was November first of nineteen eighteen, and the war was over on
eleventh, November eleventh, so they suddenly had themselves a couple of hundred second
lieutenants available and nowhere to send them. There wasn't any war anymore. Now.
You grew up in a military family, of course, and your family
had regular interaction when you were a kid with figures who had become extraordinarily famous
later on right, well, yes, yep, very very true. As
for me personally, I knew Eisenhower, I knew Bradley. I even double
dated with Bradley's daughter. Johnny Eisenhower was a friend of mine from junior high
school. We also he was in my company at West Point, as was
Georgie Patton, as was Mark Clark. Arnold was in b company. I
was in a so I knew all of these people. I knew their father
I knew their fathers when they were lieutenants that type thing, played tennis with
them, played golf with them, and later their four stars, things like
that. It was a very very useful growing up period living on army posts,
because you did meet all these people when they were lieutenants, when they
were captains and soul and your father also taught you how to shoot correct he
did. I was in fourth grade when he bought me a twenty two short
rifle weighing eight and a half pounds, which was the standard weight for a
springfield, and got some armor plate from the salvage yard and set up some
targets and taught me how to shoot. He also taught me how to shoot
a caliber forty five automatic pistol, but I didn't get to shoot any live
ammunition with that. That would come later. That came later. So,
like your father, you went to West Point. You began there in early
July of nineteen thirty nine. Two months later Hitler invades Poland. World War
two in Europe begins a couple of years into your time at West Point Pearl
Harbor, we're in the war. What's it like to be at West Point
when all these major events are happening and you probably know you're going to be
in the middle of it since Well, the point is that we contracted not
expecting war, but when the war came, that's what we were preparing for.
So it went very well. It made you quite a bit more attentive
to your studies, particularly your military studies, things like that, but it
really didn't change anything. Were the same happy Golokie people we would have been
without a war. And you were commissioned in nineteen forty three with an engineering
degree that actually helped you get in with the Rangers. Explain that a little
bit, well, in a sense, I'm afraid there was a little exaggeration
there. It didn't help me, but it didn't prevent me. I was
an engineer officer and the Rangers were infantry. But when they sought volunteers for
the Ranger Battalion, I went ahead and volunteered, and lo and behold,
I passed the personal interview and found myself in the Rangers. And the excuse
was that being an engineer officer, I knew about field fortifications, I knew
about mine fields, I knew about barbed wire, I knew about all kinds
of things. Engineering demolitions was another one, things like that, and they
said, we need somebody who specialized in those things in the Rangers. So
I expected to be in headquarters and so on. The first thing they do
is throw me out an a Ranger platoon and I'm in the arranger tune for
about two to three months, and they moved me up to staff, where
I really belonged. And how much training did you do before heading to England?
And when did you head to England? Well, on September first of
nineteen forty three, I joined the Ranger Battalion at Camp Forest, Tennessee.
This was an army post very near Tullahoma, Tennessee. And the first night
they made me B Company commander, just because the B Company commander hadn't showed
up yet. We came in over a period of about five days, and
I was in the first wave, so I had to hold down B Company
and they were exuberant young soldiers. There were a few problems that occurred,
but we got over that period and I ended up, as I say,
in C Company as a leader. When did you head to England? We
headed to England in early January of nineteen forty four, I say early January.
We docked in Liverpool on January nineteenth, which was exactly one year after
I graduated from West Point. So January nineteenth is the big day for me
because of the other association, definitely, And so what did you do to
prepare then for the invasion that Union was coming. We went initially to Leominster,
England, which is over on the Welsh border, and we trained.
Much of it was physical training. I mean, we knew our mission involved
a long march, a fast march, so there was a tremendous amount of
marching, night marching, distis marching, double time marching and things like that
to get us in physical condition. They had rifle ranges and we had to
all qualify with our own weapon. We had to qualify expert. We did
a lot of scouting and patrolling. But the nastiest thing that we had to
do was somebody coming up flashing a map in front of us and saying,
you are there, get there within nine hours period. Goodbye. No bus
tickets, know nothing. You could hitchhike, you could jump the railroad and
do all sorts of things to get there, but everybody succeeded. Oh you
could use the thumb expressed too. But it was a lot of fun.
The training was interesting. The training was challenging, but that was what we
did there. From Lemster we went to Scotland and there we had battlefield training.
We even had a mash unit mobile Army surgical hospital with us because they
expected us to take so many casualties and we lost. We lost quite a
few men. I don't remember, but I think it was something like eight
men either very serious wounds or killed in training. We also did a great
deal of training with landing craft. They brought the ships in that we would
use in the invasion, and they brought the landing craft in that we would
use in the invasion. And as a result, when we actually loaded out
for the invasion, we knew half the people we were dealing with in the
Royal Navy, because the rangers all used Royal Navy transport to get to the
beaches and we used Royal Navy boats. Things like that. We were very
lucky because they had done it before, they'd done it in Africa, they'd
done it in Sicily, they'd done it twice in Italy and so on,
and knowing them, we got along very well. Very few hitches. None
with the English crews, none. Absolutely. What kind of resistance were you
told to expect, well, we were told to expect that the bombing of
the beaches would leave us a plenty of good cover. The cover if it
were on the beaches, a bomb crater would be filled with water, but
it was better than being up on the sand. So that was the type
thing we expected for ourselves. We expected a sea wall, We expected enemy
wire. We expected mines, mostly anti personnel minds, but minds, things
like that, but that's we trained for. We also accepted expected very hostile
positions of the enemies on the crests, that they would have trenches, they
would have mine fields, they would have wire in front of the mine fields
and things like that. We did not expect an easy show. But we
got an easy show. When did you actually find out what your assignment was,
what he'd have been training for all this time. Not until we got
on board the ships. We got maps of the entire area. When we
were still ashore in the Dorchester camps. We had these wonderful maps without a
word on them. You didn't know the name of that town. You didn't
know the name of that locality, you didn't know the name of the woods
that were on the map. All unit saw was the maps, and we
memorized those maps. And the sand tables were the same way. They had
no names. All you were doing was you were memorizing the terrain, which
is what we all did. And I mean the enlisted men they learned it
as much as we officers because they were sitting right beside us as we got
the information from the maps. We had wonderful aerial photos, and the aerial
photos were of such a scale that, I mean you could practically put a
dot and locate yourself within two or three yards on the aerial photos. I
mean, we were really prepared that way. When we moved aboard the ships,
they took away all those nameless maps and gave us the real maps with
all the names and the coordinates and things like that. And so we got
to about three or four days. Still had the sand tables, but now
they had maps, still had the aerial photos, but now they had names
and that type thing. The preparation was very good. The preparation was so
good that when we landed one mile from where we were supposed to, one
of my sergeants said, you know where we are, Captain, and I
said, sure, the only place there's a wooden sea wall is at lemou
Land. So we're at leymou Land And turned out that's where we were,
one mile exactly from the fier View exit. Tell me about being on board
the ship and getting ready to get into the Higgins Bouts. Well, the
ship was a wonderful ship. The British officers were became personal friends, and
they were the ones that would run the flotillas and things like that of landing
craft. The British Navy has a bar that opens at about five o'clock in
the afternoon, which meant that we had all the liquor we wanted, because
the British officers had all liquor they wanted. I don't know about the enlisted
men getting grog still, but I think they still get grog, and so
our Rangers did fairly well in all respects. We continued very heavy physical training,
and we continued very heavy map reading, terrain recognition and memorization and things
like that while we were aboard the ships. The physical training had to be
that stupid set up stuff of exercises. The decks were not arranged so that
we could do any walking or running. Our physical exercise was with rifles us
them like dumbbells and things like that. And it was thorough and it was
hard, and we did have a chaplain with us. He had a lot
of business. There were one, two, three, four, five I
think five Ranger vessels, could be six. He visited all of them,
said mass, took confessions, and did all the things that chaplain should.
In fact, they gave him a private motor boat so he could get from
one place to another things like that. He was a pretty good little guy
in just a moment. John Ron arrives at Omaha Beach on June sixth,
nineteen forty four, as the Allies invaded Normandy as part of the D Day
landings. I'm Greg Corumbus, and this is Veterans Chronicles. This is Veterans
Chronicles. I'm Greg Corumbus. Our guest in this edition has retired US Major
General John Ron. He served as a US Army Ranger captain on June sixth,
nineteen forty four, as the Allies stormed the beaches of Normandy as part
of the D Day operation. And that's exactly where we are with our conversation
with General Ron as he explains what it was like to arrive at Omaha Beach.
I had served watch for three straight two hour watches, and the reason
why was the people that were to relieve me would really be busy on D
Day. One the battalion deputy commander and one was a company commander, and
me, I was headquarters company commander. All my people were farmed out.
I really didn't have a job because I'd already farmed him out. They'd been
trained in the proper place, and as soon as they hit the shore,
they went over and reported to the S one or the S four or whoever
they worked for. So I was sort of a loose cannon without any real
assigned duties. So I got all the odd jobs, and the odd jobs
were very interesting going on one man patrols and things like that. That was
not very much fun. It had to be done, but it was flat
plane interesting. Most people ask what about fear, and I would say that,
with very few exceptions, we did have one officer that turned to jelly,
but the non coms took care of that. They hauled him by his
armpits until he got his battle legs under him, and he became a very
good commander after that. But the initial shock of all that, all those
machine gun bullets and rifle bullets and artillery and mortar coming in on us,
he sort of had problems. But as I say, trust the non coms
to straighten the junior officers out. All right, So tell me how you
came ashore. I know you had an original location that got changed, but
maybe I better go back to an earlier question. I got a little diverted
by telling you I had these three watches and I went below. There wasn't
enough time to sleep, and so I just went over my equipment, made
sure I had everything, made sure everything was working, and suddenly we heard
attention US rangers. Attention US rangers. I'm trying to get the exact words,
but it meant manned the boats, and so we went up on the
deck and all of our assault boats, being British, were hoisted by davits
up to the loading decks. So we just climbed into the boat while it
was there on the deck and they lowered us with the davits into the waters.
Now, we did crash into the side of the boat and things like
that, and the tackle got jammed, and fortunately the British hadn't necessary to
us and acts and they cut enough of the lowering ropes that we were lowered
into the water really without incident. We then proceeded on our mission, which
was to go to the Laplantec and land there after the second Ranger Battalion they
had three companies assaulting those cliffs and after they had successfully reached the top,
they were to send a message to us and then we would go in with
six actually eight companies of Rangers and we would exploit the point to hawk capture
and then go out and set up blocking positions so the Germans could not get
any infantry in to support the German defenses of the beaches. The second battalion
never showed up. They were sent to the wrong point by their guideboat and
as a result they were a half hour late, but we had to leave
at the end of half an hour. We weren't allowed to wait over in
case they were late, so we had left. They did land first man
up the cliffs was up in something like fifty one seconds. He cheated.
There was a bomb crater and the edge of the cliffs and sort of a
hemisphere of bomb crater. There. There was debris that fell out on the
bottom, maybe thirty feet of it. So he ran up the thirty feet
of debris. He was a marvelous athlete. He climbed up some thirty feet
and was in the bottom of a bomb crater, had a rope with him,
threw the rope out, and all of a sudden he was building up
members of his squad. That type thing. Other people had more difficult times
using rope ladders, using metal ladders, using toggle rope climbs, and all
sorts of things like that. But the second battagion got up on top of
the cliffs and radioed their message were there, but we were already practically at
Vierville. We passed landing control, which are boats about a thousand yards off
shore. But tell you any events you need to know about, and they
said, do not attempt to land at vier Ville. The casualties are ninety
five percent. Half of them killed land on dog White Beach. So we
shifted over to dog White Beach and we landed our first wave. There two
companies of the second battagion plus the headquarters boat, and they were cut like
everybody else on Omaha Bee, they were cut down to about fifty percent,
all the officers killed or wounded. And my battalion commander was watching a thousand
yards out, but the waves were about a thousand yards and he said,
they quote, I'm not gonna lose my battalion on that beach. So he
talked the British flotilla commander into going farther east, and the commander was not
at all averse to it. He did coordinate with the higher people up and
they all agreed. So we moved a mile more and suddenly we found a
beach with breakwaters. Well, the breakwaters come up to the seawall. They're
the same height as the sea wall, about four or five feet, but
they formed little barriers, made us like we were in forts on three sides
and water were on the other. And as a result, when we went
in there, we took five casualties. Other people were taking fifty percent casualties,
so we got our whole battalion landing intact, which by the way,
is the name of my book. But in any event, we landed and
we took very few casualties on the beach, but only because of the breakwaters.
Now above us, who should be shooting at us? The hills were
a fire, and I mean active grass fires, so they Germans couldn't see
us through the flames and smoke, and they couldn't shoot at us. There
was a nose on the hill to our left, and nobody down there from
the left could shoot at us because all they saw when they looked to where
we should have been, all they could see was water. The only place
we were getting shot at was from down the beach to our right, and
it was thirty or forty machine guns, plus probably two three hundred infantrymen,
plus mortars and things like that, which was enough. The artillery that everybody
feared was located at Vier View, and the artillery was shooting at the boats
and the ships as they came in. So once you got off the boats
and on the beach, all you had to contend with was small arms fire.
Well, we had these breakwaters in between us and the small arms fire.
So we got off the beach within fifteen twenty minutes and went up the
bluffs, and the Germans, at least half of them, because the flames
of the grass fire, at least half of them had deserted their positions and
left their explosives there in the foxholes. And so we got up the hills
with relatively little resistance. When I say relatively, I mean relatively because there
were some people killed on the way up, but nothing like people were losing
on the beach who weren't protected by these sea walls and breakwaters. Actually,
so we got up there into the bocage and we were very lucky there.
Again, harvest had not taken place, so the fields were filled with mostly
grassy crops that were three to six feet tall, and if you got caught
by a machine gun or by ambush in there, all you had to do
was to drop down. They couldn't see you, they had no idea where
you were, they knew what the range was. You just rolled over a
few times and then crawled to the nearest hedgerow. Maybe when over came in
behind the resistance, and we had very little problems initially with hedgerows. Later
when they got vehicles up, the tanks could not penetrate the hedgerows. Tanks
will not venture forward without infantry, so they had a lot of problems later
with the hedgerows. But it was mostly the tanks and the vehicles that had
the problems. But the early on infantry, those grasses were just worth their
weight in gold because they could not see you. An unaimed rifle fire doesn't
hit anything, so it was good in just a moment. General Ran shares
even more critical information about his service at Omaha Beach on D Day, June
six nineteen forty four. I'm Greg Corumbus, and this is Veterans Chronicles.
This is Veterans Chronicles. I'm Greg Corumbus, our guest in this edition as
retired US Major General John Ron. He served as a US Army Ranger captain
on June sixth, nineteen forty four, as the Allies stormed the beaches of
Normandy as part of the D Day Operation. Now, General Ron picks up
the story and explaining how just as his craft got close to Omaha Beach,
he began to understand the carnage that occurred on the earlier waves that morning.
We didn't know until we hit that first landing control that it was murder on
the beach, and it was. And a company of the one hundred and
sixteenth Infantry from the Blue and Gray Division the twenty ninth they did suffer ninety
eight percent casualties, of whom half were killed and half were just wounded.
Only eight men in an entire infantry company escaped unwounded. And those eight men
do not accompany me, believe me. So we learned the conditions there.
When we made our landing at the boundary between Dog Green and Dog White,
there were two companies of the second battalion. B company landed on Dog Green
the edge of it, and the other company landed on Dog White, so
they had different results. The company that landed on Dog Green lost their boat.
One of the boats was sunk about two hundred yards out, so they
straggled through the surf to get ashore, all the time exposed to machine guns
on the ridge. The other platoon managed to escape all that came through in
pretty good shape. The two companies and the headquarters boat landed on a Dog
White and they were met immediately with fifty percent casualties, of whom ten percent
at least were killed. So they had a rough time. And that's when
we diverted one mile and it's almost to the inch one mile to find the
breakwaters, and we came in on the breakwaters. Now you're blessed in a
couple of ways. You got rerouted to a less oh yeah, intense spot.
You mentioned the smoke on the bluff. Also, as as you've said,
you came amendment about seven fifty am. I believe he's seven fifty.
My foot hit the water at seven fifty and at that point the difference between
the tides then and when the first wave had gone in or it's quite different.
Correct, Absolutely, there were There was approximately fifty yards of beach when
I landed. When the original troops had landed, there were two hundred and
fifty yards of beach. They had to walk that beach through the obstacles with
the artillery and small arms fire dogging them all away, and frankly, there
weren't very very few heroes in those early units that landed. They just got
chewed up badly. And when they got to the beach, the bomb craters
weren't there. The Air Force didn't release their bombs until them a mile later,
and it was a mess. The first Division and the twenty ninth Division
both took it on the chin, terrible losses. One of the challenges for
you is to cut through the wire. You know what weapons did you used
to? Well, the wire was on the far side of the coastal road,
and when I say coastal road, it was nothing but beach bungalows.
It was mcadama, but it wasn't wide enough for vehicles to pass each other
without running off the macadamized road. On the other side of that road there
was the equivalent of a double apron fence barbed wire fence. It was not
only double apron, but it was two double one double apron fence and then
another about thirty feet of barbed wire. What we did was we inserted Bangalore
torpedoes which were about six feet long. But you can screw them together.
So now you've got twelve feet, you can screw them together. Now you
got eighteen feet, and so on. So when the grenadiers went forward,
they had already gotten themselves about twenty feet and people on the beach helped move
the Bangalores forward, and then the Bangalore torpedo men themselves took the last Bangalore
torpedo ranted across the road under the wire. Having got it to the wire,
they pulled the fuse lighters which gave them three seconds, and they took
three seconds to run back across the road, and in the process we didn't
lose a single torpedo man. In the hole that I went through, there
were two Bangalore torpedo man who went in ten feet apart, and they really
blew us a big hole. It would like a twenty foot hole to go
through. But there were little strands of rot wire still there under your feet,
and some of them had loops and your feet caught in them. You
had to be very careful going through the blown area, but you got through.
Nobody got became casualties or anything like that, because it was almost impossible
for anything on the bluffs down here to shoot at the foot of the bluffs
here and the bluff were close to a hundred yards from the beach, so
I mean it was impossible. So we got through pretty easily and started up
the bluffs, and we took a lot of casualties in the hedgerows and things
like that. You also dodged a couple of problems in your final approach to
the beach. Your boat went over a teller mine, I believe, and
a piece of artillery hitch fantail. Yeah, I was standing up. Generally
speaking, I was down only to be a good example for the enlisted man.
But occasionally Sullivan, who was the senior man on the boat, I
was the number two man. Occasionally he would ask me to stand up and
look at something and what's my opinion of it? And I happened to be
standing up and I saw the bow of our LCA headed right down on a
telephone post with a teller mine on the end of it. And we were
no more than four feet away at the point that I saw it. And
I said, well, goodbye, this is it. And the next thing
I knew, a wave caught us, threw us over. We didn't even
come close to that. Tell her mind, we actually were probably three or
four feet from it when we passed it. Just lucky, Just lucky.
And you mentioned the seawall earlier, and how you know you're really on the
beach about fifteen or twenty minutes before you made your way up the bluff.
But you had an interesting encounter while you were still on the beach with an
old friend. Oh yeah, Well he wasn't my old friend, but I
knew his kids from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He would Brigadier General Koda.
He was a Daniel Kota two, but everybody called him Dutch and Dutch Koda.
Well, we were sitting there in our little fort waiting for orders from
Battagon Sullivan. The deputy said, you stay here and I'll go down and
get the orders. So he went down and got the orders, and he
was back in two or three minutes. But during that time, my rangers
were very curious. Man. They couldn't look at anything without wondering what it
is, what does it do? And they said, hey, Cap,
and I said, what do you want? They said, who's that guy
down there on the beach? And I looked down the beach and here was
a little, old fat man. He was just at the very far edge
of the beach, I mean where the dunes began. I said, I
don't know. He's either a crazy reporter who doesn't know what he's doing,
or he's a high ranking officer who does know what he's doing. Because he
was just circulating to the troops and waving at him and shaking his fist.
He had a cigar in his mouth which occasionally it was not lit, which
occasionally he would wave and things like that. And as he moved the twenty
ninth Division troops who were called on the beach moved up to the dunes and
on the dunes and started up the plateau and up the bluffs. Finally,
and it took him about two minutes and he finally got to my position.
He went down to the end of the retard the breakwater, and I said,
I'd better get down there and find out which do I follow Plan A,
tackle him and turn him over to the medics, or Plan B salute
him and report Well. He came around the end of the breakwaters and I
looked at there was a little tiny silver star on his collar, and I
said, whoof's Plan D. So I went up to him, and people
criticized me for it. I did a snappy hand salute, which he returned,
and I said, Sir Captain Ron Ranger, Infantry Battalion, we've just
landed on this beach. Actually, I told him those where the situation.
A little bit later, and he looked at me. He said Ron,
and I said yes, General Ron. And he said you're not jack Ron's
son, are you? And I said yes, I am jack ron Son.
He said, well, welcome to Omaha Beach. But in any event,
he then, after I gave him the situation, how we had landed,
and what troops there were, how the enemy, what the enemy resistance
was, he asked me to go to where's your battalion commander? And I
could actually point him out. He was not more than seventy five yards away.
And I said I'll take you, and he said you will not.
You will stay with your men. They need you more than I do.
We didn't say that, but that was what it meant, and so I
stayed with the troops and he walked his way down. But as he was
leaving, he turned to my troops and said, you men are rangers.
I know you won't let me down. He wasn't encouraging us to move out.
He knew we would, so he expected things of us. And as
he went that seventy five yards over to Colonel Schneider, he would stop with
every group and he could see the goal, or rather the orange diamonds on
our helmets. He could see the Arranger patches and he said the same thing,
but it finally morphed into by the time he said it the last time,
it was Rangers lead the Way. And that's where we got our motto,
and it was all rangers got their motto from that, Rangers lead the
Way, which the first time I heard it was you men are Rangers.
I know you won't let me down. He changed the whole complex of the
Norman invasion. The orders that we already had were to proceed by platoon infiltration
to the assembly points up on the land, and they were two three four
miles away. But what General Coda did was he said to Schneider, get
your companies together and fight your way to the assembly points because you're going to
operate as a battalion now. And that was the way it went. So
you were right there when the Ranger model was born. I was right there
when the Ranger model was born. True enough, not the exact same wording,
but the exact same wording was the last time he gave it as we
were going through the gap. So did that become the model because he told
the story air somebody else told the story. I don't know. I don't
know. They may have gotten from one of the very very early editions of
my book. I went through about eight writings of the book before it published.
We're gonna talk about that book too, And just a little bit.
We said, you landed at seven fifty, So it's I guessing it's not
that long after eight o'clock by the time near at the top of the bluff.
Yeah, it's just a little after eight. I landed at seven fifty,
but the other group landed essentially five to ten minutes ahead of me.
I never knew exactly when they landed, but they were pretty well reorganized,
unfortunately going up the bluffs when they went through the smoke. One platoon leader
told me that when I went through that smoke, or entered that smoke,
I had a full ranger platoon with me, and when I came out,
I had one runner. They'd all gotten lost in the smoke. So we
had to pause at the top of the bluffs and we reorganized, and by
that time the two companies from the second battagon that were part of our force
had worked their way down and joined us, and we made them into a
single company. Took the remnants of both A and B Company, the second
Rangers and made him into a provisional Ranger company, and they were a little
bit larger than that, but we put him in what I will call reserve
for the first day. The second day they were up there with the tanks,
giving the tanks the protection they needed to move out. The US Army
Major General John Ron, who served as a US Army Ranger captain on June
sixth, nineteen forty four, at Omaha Beach. This is just part one
of our conversation with General Ron. There will be three in total. In
our next installment, we'll continue our conversation with General Ron about his actions on
D Day itself as well as a couple of days that followed, and in
our final installment will examine his service at the Battle of Brittany and the Battle
of the Bulge, and we'll who passed World War Two to look at his
work during Vietnam. We're a forty year military career. I'm Greg Corumbus and
this is Veterans Chronicles. Hi, this is Greg Corumbus, and thanks for
listening to Veterans Chronicles, a presentation of the American Veterans Center. For more
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