WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.480 --> 00:00:03.759
Yolo, everybody. Have you heard
about this little thing called affirmative action here

2
00:00:03.759 --> 00:00:09.599
in the United States. It's the
idea that universities put certain quotas on their

3
00:00:09.800 --> 00:00:14.759
admissions processes to ensure racial diversity because
they see who have had historically a problem

4
00:00:14.960 --> 00:00:20.280
with not admitting racial minorities into their
schools. Well, recently, the Supreme

5
00:00:20.320 --> 00:00:26.120
Court decided that affirmative action is no
longer constitutional, that it violates the fourteenth

6
00:00:26.160 --> 00:00:30.160
Amendment of the United States, which
states that there should be no laws that

7
00:00:30.320 --> 00:00:33.840
restrict people for based on the color
of bist on the race, on the

8
00:00:33.880 --> 00:00:37.240
color of their scam. And we
were reading an article, this is an

9
00:00:37.280 --> 00:00:41.719
article from Forbes dot com written by
Koreen Letch that talks about how the end

10
00:00:41.799 --> 00:00:45.880
of affirmtive action we routes the talent
pipeline. And also there's another argue we

11
00:00:45.960 --> 00:00:52.640
read about Clarence Thomas's that Clarence Thomas
wins long game against affirmative action in Bloomberg

12
00:00:52.759 --> 00:00:57.520
Law by Kimberly Strawbage Robinson. Cynthia, you know, I have a lot

13
00:00:57.880 --> 00:01:03.200
to say about this particular topic,
and you know, especially affirmative action of

14
00:01:03.280 --> 00:01:10.319
itself. I am not completely against
the ruling from the Supreme Court, but

15
00:01:10.400 --> 00:01:15.159
I'm not also for it either,
for I guess obvious reasons. But before

16
00:01:15.400 --> 00:01:21.560
I really get into the weaves of
my thought, um, TEO, you

17
00:01:22.040 --> 00:01:30.239
being at south of US, like
extreme south of US and hearing about affirmative

18
00:01:30.239 --> 00:01:34.239
action. Is this something that you
even heard about or the concept of affirmative

19
00:01:34.239 --> 00:01:38.000
action? No, this was so
weird for me. I had her I

20
00:01:38.040 --> 00:01:41.719
had read an article that I quoted
and I'm going to mention later like years

21
00:01:41.719 --> 00:01:44.439
ago, and I was like,
no, this cannot be possible. And

22
00:01:44.560 --> 00:01:49.200
it's because, I mean, the
USA is so racist that in order to

23
00:01:49.239 --> 00:01:53.200
try to achieve a kind of equality, it's being racist, and it's choosing

24
00:01:53.239 --> 00:01:59.359
amongst people based on their color.
Even maybe some people want to college positive

25
00:01:59.480 --> 00:02:02.079
racism, but still it is being
racist. I mean, if you discriminate

26
00:02:02.120 --> 00:02:07.959
people and decide they're what race they
are, or how they look like before

27
00:02:07.039 --> 00:02:12.360
deciding if they deserve certain opportunities.
I mean, I really don't want to

28
00:02:12.400 --> 00:02:14.719
be that guy. But if somebody
says, oh, yeah, I am

29
00:02:14.800 --> 00:02:19.000
white, but I'm poor, So
I'm being discriminated because they are choosing other

30
00:02:19.159 --> 00:02:23.719
people who are based on their color
and not giving me opportunities. I don't

31
00:02:23.719 --> 00:02:27.319
know what I could tell this person. And the problem is that in the

32
00:02:27.400 --> 00:02:30.319
USA is extremely racist. And also, you guys over there, you have

33
00:02:30.439 --> 00:02:37.360
this toxic capitalism in which students are
not the future of the country. They

34
00:02:37.360 --> 00:02:40.520
are not people who these are opportunities, They are a product. And I

35
00:02:40.560 --> 00:02:45.719
had a problem reading this article because
when I was reading everything, it wasn't

36
00:02:45.759 --> 00:02:50.319
about like, yeah, people not
having opportunities, people having issues a student

37
00:02:50.400 --> 00:02:53.680
here there. No, it was
like, how universities we're going to select

38
00:02:53.719 --> 00:02:59.840
their best for their numbers, and
how this was going to create a demographical

39
00:03:00.120 --> 00:03:02.360
position of universities, And it was
this shouldn't be the problem. The problem

40
00:03:02.439 --> 00:03:07.120
should be that students they need to
study, they deserve opportunities. They shouldn't

41
00:03:07.120 --> 00:03:10.680
have to get a loan that is
going to cripple them for the rest of

42
00:03:10.719 --> 00:03:15.719
their lives just to get a job. And there are so many things that

43
00:03:15.719 --> 00:03:17.479
are wrong with that you get your
system in the USA that my mind was

44
00:03:17.560 --> 00:03:22.000
blown. I mean, really,
you have to you have to start being

45
00:03:22.159 --> 00:03:24.960
racist in order to give people some
opportunities instead of choosing, you know,

46
00:03:25.240 --> 00:03:30.759
giving education to people based based on
the idea that everybody deserves that The last

47
00:03:30.759 --> 00:03:32.560
thing that I would say before giving
this to you back to your Synthia,

48
00:03:32.759 --> 00:03:38.439
is that the name problem. It's
still that poor people are not getting education.

49
00:03:38.639 --> 00:03:42.919
It doesn't matter your skin color.
But let me let me quote some

50
00:03:42.919 --> 00:03:46.759
something. I want to quote this
article code the impact of affirmative action bands

51
00:03:46.759 --> 00:03:49.520
of college. Oh no, no, that's the second one. It's the

52
00:03:49.520 --> 00:03:53.039
first. Sorry, sorry, sorry, that's affirmative action lead to mismuch And

53
00:03:53.159 --> 00:03:58.639
you justed an evidence by Peter I, Ken don Qui and Stepan whatever.

54
00:03:58.919 --> 00:04:02.159
And the idea is that in this
study, the concept of mismatch theory is

55
00:04:02.199 --> 00:04:06.719
a study which suggests that affirmative action
may result in a student being placed in

56
00:04:06.759 --> 00:04:12.439
academic environments where they struggled to compete. So you can have one hundred black,

57
00:04:12.520 --> 00:04:16.360
Chinese and Latino students getting to an
university that is way too hard for

58
00:04:16.399 --> 00:04:21.000
them. Why because they went to
awful schools that didn't prepare them for this.

59
00:04:21.319 --> 00:04:25.199
So the USA, instead of deciding, yeah, maybe we should have

60
00:04:25.279 --> 00:04:29.480
schools that prepare students for academic life, they start deciding, Okay, which

61
00:04:29.519 --> 00:04:33.240
school is going to have a new
football scholarship and where are we going to

62
00:04:32.360 --> 00:04:38.360
find out find people to feel the
racist quada that we have to feel and

63
00:04:38.399 --> 00:04:42.079
there are so many problems in here. We have talked about education and the

64
00:04:42.160 --> 00:04:45.079
many problems of it in that you
said before I would just say that I'm

65
00:04:45.120 --> 00:04:47.240
scared about that. You say,
yeah, well, I think I'll actually

66
00:04:47.279 --> 00:04:51.839
clarify a few things about affirmative action, specifically, like where do we where

67
00:04:51.839 --> 00:04:56.920
do we even get this from?
There was this thing called the civil rights

68
00:04:56.959 --> 00:04:59.199
movement. I don't know, we
might have heard of it. You know,

69
00:04:59.439 --> 00:05:01.680
people like you know Black Rights Act
of His like doctor Arnold King,

70
00:05:01.759 --> 00:05:08.360
Malcolm x um a, Philip Randolph
um abenat the Reverend Apban at the James

71
00:05:08.360 --> 00:05:13.759
Baldwin one of my heroes, Um
were all a part of this particular movement

72
00:05:14.079 --> 00:05:18.759
where and it started with the death
of Emmett till and Um. Part of

73
00:05:18.800 --> 00:05:24.680
the civil rights movement came about with
a particular court case in the Supreme Court

74
00:05:24.720 --> 00:05:30.000
that was argued by before he became
a Supreme Court justice named Thurgood Marshall.

75
00:05:30.240 --> 00:05:33.319
And that particular court um case was
called Brown versus the Board of Education.

76
00:05:33.519 --> 00:05:40.399
In in essence, what Brown versus
the Board of Education did was overturn the

77
00:05:40.399 --> 00:05:45.759
the decision that was made in um
the eighteen hundreds called plus e versus Ferguson

78
00:05:46.079 --> 00:05:50.879
that UH and plus e versus Ferguson
was the UM was the statute that actually

79
00:05:51.040 --> 00:05:57.199
continued to hold uphold Jim Crow and
specifically segregation laws, saying that you know,

80
00:05:57.480 --> 00:06:00.360
separate as long as we have separate
but equal, then you can separate

81
00:06:00.399 --> 00:06:05.000
the races. But the problem that
Brown versus the Board of Education actually argued

82
00:06:05.120 --> 00:06:11.399
is that facilities specifically that you have
for at that particular kid color black folk

83
00:06:11.560 --> 00:06:15.600
versus white white folk were not equal, including education, including the schools and

84
00:06:15.639 --> 00:06:20.959
resources. Oftentimes, in most black
neighborhoods, especially in the South, you

85
00:06:21.040 --> 00:06:29.800
had sub substandard school buildings. Also, you had children who were in like

86
00:06:29.920 --> 00:06:33.040
the six and seventh grade that we're
reading from third and second grade books you

87
00:06:34.040 --> 00:06:40.160
and also you had even though these
people were citizens and they were paying taxes,

88
00:06:40.279 --> 00:06:44.399
they did not have the same facilities
as their white counterparts. So they

89
00:06:44.639 --> 00:06:47.959
argued that you were talking about that
in plus a versus Ferguson, we can

90
00:06:47.959 --> 00:06:53.319
have segregation because even though they're separate, they're equal, but in actuality they

91
00:06:53.319 --> 00:06:56.519
were not. They were just separate, and that means that they even were

92
00:06:57.439 --> 00:07:03.000
putting in funding when it came to
public facilities like schools separately. So when

93
00:07:03.120 --> 00:07:09.839
that particular argument came forward, that's
when we had a push to integrate schools

94
00:07:09.879 --> 00:07:14.839
like public schools that were predominantly white
for black kids who happened to be in

95
00:07:14.839 --> 00:07:17.920
those particular areas, because again,
they were paying tuition too, I mean,

96
00:07:17.959 --> 00:07:21.800
they were paying property taxes to their
parents were Now you have like some

97
00:07:23.600 --> 00:07:29.040
back and forth between historians and others
who may still be activists or like to

98
00:07:29.800 --> 00:07:34.199
comment on that particular area, saying
that most people who were in the movement

99
00:07:34.360 --> 00:07:40.439
weren't necessarily pushing for integration, they
were just pushing for equal facilities. And

100
00:07:40.560 --> 00:07:44.920
one of the reasons being is because
when they started to integrate the schools,

101
00:07:45.160 --> 00:07:50.160
the black students faced a lot of
violence from white mobs, from other white

102
00:07:50.160 --> 00:07:56.519
students and parents and a Jason neighbors
when it came to integrating those schools because

103
00:07:56.519 --> 00:08:00.839
they were v hit a mentally v
hit mentally trying to keep black students out.

104
00:08:01.000 --> 00:08:07.519
Now, then we had this landmark
and legislation called the Civil Rights Act

105
00:08:07.560 --> 00:08:11.600
in nineteen sixty four, and then
part of that was called Title seven.

106
00:08:11.759 --> 00:08:16.680
Title seven specifically is affirmative action.
Affirmative action just basically says that, hey,

107
00:08:18.000 --> 00:08:22.240
schools and hey our organizations, where
you hire people, you have to

108
00:08:22.279 --> 00:08:30.480
be more more sinct and also choose
more people who happened to be of diverse

109
00:08:30.720 --> 00:08:37.159
backgrounds to fill positions in different schools
and also in different companies. Now that

110
00:08:37.840 --> 00:08:43.240
was not necessarily just for black people. That actually became any person that was

111
00:08:43.279 --> 00:08:48.519
considered a minority, and the persons
that were also added to be a minority

112
00:08:48.639 --> 00:08:54.840
were white women. And data has
actually showed that the group that happened to

113
00:08:54.879 --> 00:09:01.879
actually profit the most from affirmative action
world white women, not necessarily black bool

114
00:09:01.000 --> 00:09:07.720
And and so one of the things
that people think that if a person happens

115
00:09:07.759 --> 00:09:11.720
to go to school because they were
a deffirmative action recipient means that they were

116
00:09:11.759 --> 00:09:15.879
completely subparted, but they only got
in because they were black. But that's

117
00:09:15.919 --> 00:09:18.840
not necessarily true. It was just
that the school made more of an attempt

118
00:09:20.039 --> 00:09:24.440
in order for them to recruit somebody
who actually had the grades, who actually

119
00:09:24.440 --> 00:09:28.360
had the merit, but most likely
may not have gotten into a particular school

120
00:09:28.360 --> 00:09:33.320
like a Harvard because Harvard was one
of the schools that were on trial here

121
00:09:33.600 --> 00:09:41.960
or uncase because of other extenuating circumstances
because of their race. So it's kind

122
00:09:41.000 --> 00:09:46.159
of interesting specifically how you would have, you know, justices like Justice Clarence

123
00:09:46.200 --> 00:09:50.679
Thomas say that, you know,
we want to go back to a color

124
00:09:50.840 --> 00:09:56.080
blind constitution, when an actuality the
Constitution was never color blind, and that's

125
00:09:56.120 --> 00:10:00.320
the reason why we had to get
the fourteenth Amendment in the first place.

126
00:10:00.519 --> 00:10:05.799
So it was attempting didn't quite do
it, but it was attempting to even

127
00:10:05.919 --> 00:10:11.320
the playing field amongst all constituents in
the United States when it came to them

128
00:10:11.360 --> 00:10:13.960
being able to get employment and for
them to be able to go to school.

129
00:10:15.000 --> 00:10:18.440
But that did not necessarily happen.
And I'm going to stop there because

130
00:10:18.480 --> 00:10:24.240
I can babble about this all day
night long, but we only have a

131
00:10:24.279 --> 00:10:26.960
certain time about this, And Aaron, I'm going to go ahead and take

132
00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:31.200
it back to you because I do
have more thoughts. But I'm very curious

133
00:10:31.240 --> 00:10:37.000
to kind of get your take on
this whole case, and specifically justin Justice

134
00:10:37.039 --> 00:10:41.720
Thomas, because he definitely put his
pen his quill into the inkwell and said

135
00:10:41.759 --> 00:10:45.840
thing, yes, he had an
opinion if he did, and he let

136
00:10:45.840 --> 00:10:48.440
that opinion be known because I guess
when they announced their decisions he actually read

137
00:10:48.480 --> 00:10:54.279
from his own concurring opinion. Yes, it is not a usual thing that

138
00:10:54.360 --> 00:11:00.960
happens when the Supreme Court announces their
their decisions. Right, and a firm

139
00:11:01.000 --> 00:11:03.919
of action shed a light on a
on a real problem, the inequalities in

140
00:11:05.279 --> 00:11:09.399
education and in access to the tools
that you can that help you succeed in

141
00:11:09.960 --> 00:11:15.919
life. Unfortunately, it solved a
symptom. It didn't really solve the underlying

142
00:11:15.960 --> 00:11:20.200
problem. You know. The underlying
problem is education is not equal in this

143
00:11:20.279 --> 00:11:24.600
country for people under the age of
eighteen. So if education is not going

144
00:11:24.639 --> 00:11:28.000
to be equal, of course you're
not going to have an equal representation of

145
00:11:28.159 --> 00:11:33.639
excellent students across that matched the racial
demographics of the country. So the real

146
00:11:33.679 --> 00:11:41.279
problem isn't mandating entrances. The real
thing is probably to mandate better education for

147
00:11:41.320 --> 00:11:45.639
people equal funding. There are schools
that get more funding than other schools.

148
00:11:45.679 --> 00:11:48.919
I don't understand it. I don't
know why some schools get more money than

149
00:11:48.960 --> 00:11:52.799
other schools. That's because education is
being fun by property taxes. Yeah,

150
00:11:52.840 --> 00:11:56.440
I don't care where the money comes
from. You can distribute it equally,

151
00:11:56.759 --> 00:11:58.720
well, I mean, but that's
what that's a that's another I mean,

152
00:11:58.720 --> 00:12:03.639
that's another thing that you know certain
um uh, you know social you know,

153
00:12:03.320 --> 00:12:07.720
anthropologist, society, social workers and
other people have argued that you need

154
00:12:07.799 --> 00:12:13.080
to have a separate um funding or
another funding source in order for you to

155
00:12:13.159 --> 00:12:16.200
fund like, you know, public
education. Before the simple fact in the

156
00:12:16.240 --> 00:12:20.399
matter is is that, especially in
black neighborhoods, like we have like less

157
00:12:20.399 --> 00:12:26.559
than forty percent of African Americans at
own homes. So yeah, exactly,

158
00:12:26.600 --> 00:12:30.039
racial discrimination against owning homes, the
American dream, and so of course,

159
00:12:30.279 --> 00:12:33.919
yeah, the way we fund education, guess what, it's a little bit

160
00:12:33.080 --> 00:12:39.279
a lot racist, a little lot
um so, but we should be solving

161
00:12:39.399 --> 00:12:43.559
let's solve that problem. I agree
with. I kind of agree with the

162
00:12:43.600 --> 00:12:48.639
court in in principle, um,
I think in theory and in actual practice,

163
00:12:48.639 --> 00:12:56.480
it's going to hurt racial blacks and
minorities. I really we really need

164
00:12:56.519 --> 00:13:01.600
to look at the real underlying problems, and that includes funding of our education.

165
00:13:01.639 --> 00:13:05.480
It includes poverty and solving poverty and
helping people get out of poverty and

166
00:13:05.559 --> 00:13:11.759
be able to make a living.
You disagree with something, well, it

167
00:13:11.120 --> 00:13:13.919
kind of goes back to what I
was saying before, and I don't mean

168
00:13:13.919 --> 00:13:18.240
to necessity at xu out tayo,
because I'm going to bring you back in.

169
00:13:18.440 --> 00:13:24.480
But when I think about, like
specifically the schools that were represented in

170
00:13:24.519 --> 00:13:28.440
this particular case, like Harvard and
UNC, these are pwis, you know,

171
00:13:28.600 --> 00:13:35.320
like predominantly white institutions. The black
population specifically in Harvard was like less

172
00:13:35.320 --> 00:13:39.639
than nine percent student population. Yeah
see, I actually did the math.

173
00:13:39.879 --> 00:13:43.559
See yeah, you can do the
math. Seven percent of ivy. The

174
00:13:43.720 --> 00:13:46.639
schools are our minority, right,
And I mean, and that's this minority.

175
00:13:46.679 --> 00:13:50.639
We're not even talking about, like
how are we divving up those between

176
00:13:50.679 --> 00:13:56.679
like race. Now, I know
that Harvard had a larger aapium population student

177
00:13:56.720 --> 00:14:01.320
population or student body than they did
black. But even when you start to

178
00:14:01.519 --> 00:14:07.840
look specifically at which black we see
that a lot of those black students that

179
00:14:07.879 --> 00:14:15.200
are there are not African American.
They are either African Caribbean or they are

180
00:14:15.320 --> 00:14:20.360
first generation of immigrants. And one
of the things that I happen to do

181
00:14:20.399 --> 00:14:24.159
a little research on I don't know
if I got it from Pew or what

182
00:14:24.320 --> 00:14:30.399
have you, but it does show
that in order like a majority of students

183
00:14:30.440 --> 00:14:35.240
that are coming over from different countries
to study in the United States are paying

184
00:14:35.399 --> 00:14:39.559
out a pocket. And if we
are looking specifically at the African American population

185
00:14:39.679 --> 00:14:46.240
specifically those blackly people who may be
freedmen descendants in other words, they come

186
00:14:46.279 --> 00:14:50.960
from they are descendants of slavery here
in the United States. They also have

187
00:14:52.240 --> 00:15:00.519
that additional weight of all those other
policies that have kept that particular population population

188
00:15:00.559 --> 00:15:05.039
I belong to out of UM from
a being able to accrue wealth on a

189
00:15:05.799 --> 00:15:09.440
on a on a systemic level like
red lighting, right, um, which

190
00:15:09.759 --> 00:15:13.200
historically kept people from being able to
purchase homes or actually getting resources so that

191
00:15:13.200 --> 00:15:16.720
they can get home. UM.
And you know, and and and we

192
00:15:16.799 --> 00:15:20.159
even have issues where red lighting is
still being practiced by banks today. UM.

193
00:15:20.240 --> 00:15:26.799
And there was, like I saw
as e as early as was late

194
00:15:26.840 --> 00:15:31.679
as like twenty nineteen, twenty twenty, different UM articles that were coming out

195
00:15:31.919 --> 00:15:37.279
talking about even the gap between UM, African Americans trying to sell their homes

196
00:15:37.399 --> 00:15:41.000
versus white people trying to sell their
homes. It's like it's insane. But

197
00:15:41.120 --> 00:15:45.879
UM, so yeah, I agree
with you that there are more systemic issues

198
00:15:46.159 --> 00:15:50.519
that happen to tie into this particular
issue that needs to be looked at specifically

199
00:15:50.679 --> 00:15:58.440
but i'm i'm i'm I'm a little
hesitant to say how much will this affect

200
00:15:58.519 --> 00:16:03.080
specifically a black pipe population that was
very much so underrepresented in these PWIS IVY

201
00:16:03.120 --> 00:16:06.279
League schools on the first place,
Tall you what do you have to think?

202
00:16:06.360 --> 00:16:08.840
What do you mean? Yeah?
I already said about the but I

203
00:16:08.879 --> 00:16:12.720
think that the problem is how the
USA is based. You have mentioned it

204
00:16:12.799 --> 00:16:18.840
all. You have mentioned the inequality, the problems with schools where children are

205
00:16:18.600 --> 00:16:23.519
not receiving the proper education. Do
you remember that time when when the American

206
00:16:23.559 --> 00:16:27.080
government decided, Okay, these children, they are not performing well, they

207
00:16:27.080 --> 00:16:30.879
are not getting good grades, so
we're going to stop feeding them, and

208
00:16:30.879 --> 00:16:33.159
we're going to only feed those students
who are already doing well. Like,

209
00:16:33.480 --> 00:16:37.879
who do you creating the laws in
the USA? With the current supreme courts,

210
00:16:38.360 --> 00:16:41.519
I only see things getting worse and
worse, and it's quite sad.

211
00:16:42.200 --> 00:16:48.480
Yeah, I guess there are There
are many things about the I forgot the

212
00:16:48.559 --> 00:16:52.080
name again. How was it called
affirmative action. There are many weird things

213
00:16:52.080 --> 00:16:56.120
about affirmative action that are not working
well and it should be fixed. But

214
00:16:56.240 --> 00:17:00.679
once again, the main issue starts
with the primary education, secondary education,

215
00:17:00.919 --> 00:17:04.400
where students don't get proper education.
As you said, Cynthia, they were

216
00:17:04.599 --> 00:17:08.960
they are supposed to receive certain type
of education, and they received inferior type

217
00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:15.160
of education. And now we see
the governments trying to erase history from their

218
00:17:15.200 --> 00:17:18.359
students. So things that can only
get worse out And not to cut to

219
00:17:18.359 --> 00:17:22.400
you off tail, but you also
have to deal with other things that we

220
00:17:22.400 --> 00:17:29.119
were talking about too, with being
able to look at these particular fundings when

221
00:17:29.119 --> 00:17:34.640
it comes to educational property taxes and
tackle you know, wealthy inequality or and

222
00:17:34.799 --> 00:17:40.039
also the lack of equity when we
are looking specifically at African Americans. Now

223
00:17:40.079 --> 00:17:44.440
I will say something that um,
and I wanted to read this real quick

224
00:17:44.480 --> 00:17:47.799
and then Aaron, I wanted to
take real cool, Um if you can.

225
00:17:48.240 --> 00:17:52.839
One of the things that I believe
that Justice Thomas did as an out

226
00:17:52.240 --> 00:17:56.759
specifically for a front of action.
One of the things that he said in

227
00:17:56.839 --> 00:18:02.519
his concurrence is that Justice sort of
your argues otherwise, pointing to a number

228
00:18:02.519 --> 00:18:08.400
of conscious federal laws passed to the
time of the Fourteenth Amendment enactment post at

229
00:18:08.440 --> 00:18:15.519
six dissenting opinion, she identifies the
Freeman's Bureau Act of eighteen sixty five already

230
00:18:15.519 --> 00:18:19.640
discussed above as one such law,
but she admits that the programs did not

231
00:18:19.920 --> 00:18:26.440
benefits black exclusively. She also does
not dispute the legislation targeting the needs of

232
00:18:26.599 --> 00:18:33.480
newly freed blacks in eighteen sixty five
could be understood as directly remedial. Even

233
00:18:33.519 --> 00:18:40.519
today, nothing prevents the States from
according an emissions preference to identify victims a

234
00:18:40.599 --> 00:18:47.200
discrimination. While most of the beneficiaries
might be black, neither the beneficiaries nor

235
00:18:47.400 --> 00:18:52.000
the disadvantage by the preference would be
identified on the basis of their race.

236
00:18:52.079 --> 00:18:56.880
So, in other words, he's
saying that if you are doing blanketed only

237
00:18:57.000 --> 00:19:02.079
by race, only by those who
are are considered a minority, to make

238
00:19:02.279 --> 00:19:07.960
decisions concerning affirmative action in actuality,
you are ignoring the group that needs the

239
00:19:08.200 --> 00:19:11.960
help the most. So if you're
going to do more affirmative action, and

240
00:19:12.000 --> 00:19:15.799
he actually goes on to kind of
like talk about that specifically, but if

241
00:19:15.799 --> 00:19:21.240
you're going to do affirmative action,
it needs to be more targeted to the

242
00:19:21.279 --> 00:19:25.160
group that was harmed. And then
Aaron, I want to give the last

243
00:19:25.200 --> 00:19:26.960
word. You I mean, I
kind of I kind of hate to say

244
00:19:26.960 --> 00:19:30.400
it. But I kind of agree
with him. I think that's actually kind

245
00:19:30.440 --> 00:19:33.240
of a good idea, is to
target the people that were the most harmed

246
00:19:33.359 --> 00:19:38.720
by the country's racial policies and racial
and racist policy and things like that.

247
00:19:38.880 --> 00:19:42.160
So there's a lot of most of
the things I don't agree with Justice Thomason,

248
00:19:42.279 --> 00:19:45.759
but I kind of agree with them
on that, and um, the

249
00:19:47.839 --> 00:19:49.319
yeah, that's that's I kind of
agree with it. I don't have much

250
00:19:49.359 --> 00:19:52.000
more to say about that. I
mean, I can move on to a

251
00:19:52.000 --> 00:19:56.359
different topic. But I think that's
well, even though we don't agree on

252
00:19:56.440 --> 00:20:00.319
everything, to Thomas says, we
kind of agree on this. But if

253
00:20:00.359 --> 00:20:03.160
you agree to listen to more content
from the nonprofit