1 00:00:32,119 --> 00:00:35,920 What up? Everybody? Welcome to another episode and let's ask Paul the podcast 2 00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:40,600 where I, Paul Abernathy, attempt to answer all of your pressing electrical code 3 00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:45,039 related questions as well as you know, electrical theory or other things in the 4 00:00:45,119 --> 00:00:49,759 industry that you may be asking that I can opine about. Hey, it's 5 00:00:49,799 --> 00:00:52,399 free, it's sponsored by Wicks, and all you have to do is go 6 00:00:52,439 --> 00:00:56,280 to Paul Abernathy dot com and that's where you submit your questions to me, 7 00:00:56,359 --> 00:00:59,719 and if selected, they will be on an upcoming podcast much like today. 8 00:01:00,399 --> 00:01:04,159 But I also, in many occasions will answer for you in an email because 9 00:01:04,159 --> 00:01:08,000 some people want a more detailed response and they'd rather not listen to a podcast 10 00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:12,519 either way. I don't answer every one of them with an email, especially 11 00:01:12,560 --> 00:01:17,079 if I am going to select it for a podcasts. So again, kind 12 00:01:17,120 --> 00:01:19,799 of a crapshoot for you. But in many cases, if I'm on the 13 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:23,480 go somewhere and you get one via email, it typically means that it was 14 00:01:23,519 --> 00:01:26,840 easier for me to email than it is to do a podcast. Anyway, 15 00:01:27,239 --> 00:01:32,920 that's a resource. It's available to you again over on Paul Aberdanthy dot com 16 00:01:32,920 --> 00:01:37,840 that's specifically set up for me to answer questions for you, and I've been 17 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:41,319 doing that now for many years, and we think thank you to Wix for 18 00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:45,000 being a sponsor of that and taking care of that for us. Okay, 19 00:01:45,799 --> 00:01:49,239 all right, so if you're listening to this episode, you see the title, 20 00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:57,680 it's talking about combination series and Parallel Circuits, and it is the third 21 00:01:57,799 --> 00:02:05,040 I believe, yeah, in the episode series actually the fourth. We did 22 00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:07,520 one episode on Ohlms Law, which you need to understand Ohms Law before you 23 00:02:07,560 --> 00:02:12,840 even listen to this one. And then of course we did series circuits. 24 00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:15,280 You need to listen to that, and in parallel you need to listen to 25 00:02:15,319 --> 00:02:22,960 that before you even attempt okay, before you even begin to get into something 26 00:02:23,039 --> 00:02:29,960 like combination Circuits, which is a amalgamation if you will. That's right, 27 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:36,280 I said it of series and parallels. Okay, So let's kind of well 28 00:02:36,319 --> 00:02:38,599 assume that you paused here, you went back and listened to those episodes, 29 00:02:38,639 --> 00:02:45,039 and again it's you know, the episodes are available over on any of your 30 00:02:45,039 --> 00:02:51,840 favorite podcasts listening platforms. You'll find them in those episodes. So let's be 31 00:02:52,039 --> 00:02:57,319 episode one seventy one, one seventy two, one seventy three, and this 32 00:02:57,360 --> 00:03:01,039 is what obviously I guess will be one seventy four. I guess I'll hold 33 00:03:01,080 --> 00:03:05,360 me to that. That's what I believe. It's what we're at in this 34 00:03:05,479 --> 00:03:08,080 series. Okay, so let's talk a little bit about it. Assuming you 35 00:03:08,080 --> 00:03:12,319 already understand how to do the Olms law, which we're going to rehash a 36 00:03:12,439 --> 00:03:15,280 few of those things here, but understanding you know how to do that, 37 00:03:15,479 --> 00:03:19,439 You've watched, you've listened to the podcast on series, and you listen to 38 00:03:19,439 --> 00:03:23,719 the one on parallel. Some occasions in an exam, they might throw in 39 00:03:23,800 --> 00:03:30,039 a very basic combination circuit. And what's a combination circuit, Well, it's 40 00:03:30,039 --> 00:03:37,560 made up of both series loads as well as parallel and again you might have 41 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:45,840 what's called a parallel circuit, and within that circuit it has series circuits. 42 00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:51,080 And so we always want to try to solve this and get this down to 43 00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:57,759 the simplest equation and make it as simple as possible. So I'm going to 44 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:00,120 give you an example, and it's kind of going to be pulling together everything 45 00:04:00,159 --> 00:04:03,520 that we've done in the previous episodes, So make sure you go back and 46 00:04:03,560 --> 00:04:08,000 listen to those and again, if you have not listened to my series in 47 00:04:08,120 --> 00:04:12,639 parallel version or the o'mslaw one. Then do me a favor. Go on 48 00:04:12,680 --> 00:04:15,199 and stop now, because this is not going to do anything but confuse you. 49 00:04:15,920 --> 00:04:20,319 Okay, Okay, So if you paused it and you went away, 50 00:04:20,399 --> 00:04:25,399 you watch those other episodes or listen to them. You're now at four minutes 51 00:04:25,439 --> 00:04:28,560 and twenty five seconds in. You can you've jumped back to where you need 52 00:04:28,560 --> 00:04:31,600 to be. Okay. To make this simple, I want you to just 53 00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:38,120 draw me a rectangle. Okay, just draw a rectangle, all right, 54 00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:43,199 So you should be looking at a rectangle on the left side. I want 55 00:04:43,240 --> 00:04:46,720 you to draw a circle right in the middle of it. So it's a 56 00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:50,600 circle with the wall of the left side of the rectangle running right through it. 57 00:04:51,439 --> 00:04:55,800 And we'll call that the source. Okay. So at this point, 58 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:58,839 you got a rectangle on the left side. You draw a circle that's right 59 00:04:58,879 --> 00:05:02,519 in the middle of the left wall of the rectangle. It's a circle shade 60 00:05:02,519 --> 00:05:05,240 that in draw it in colored in whatever you want to call it. We'll 61 00:05:05,279 --> 00:05:11,399 call that the source. Now, the first loads that you're gonna have is 62 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:15,000 from the top to the bottom of the rectangle. I want you to draw 63 00:05:15,160 --> 00:05:18,680 down and you're gonna draw one squiggly line, okay, and then you come 64 00:05:18,720 --> 00:05:23,439 down and you draw another squiggly line and then connect each side of the top 65 00:05:23,480 --> 00:05:26,360 to the bottom. So what you have is a line running from the top 66 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:29,759 to the bottom through the middle of the rectangle about a quarter of the way 67 00:05:30,120 --> 00:05:32,680 from the left to the right. And you've got two resistant loads in there. 68 00:05:32,720 --> 00:05:36,199 So draw those squiggly lines to reference the resistance load or some kind of 69 00:05:36,240 --> 00:05:41,240 load. Okay. So that you just drew was a series circuit. You 70 00:05:41,319 --> 00:05:45,879 have two loads that are in series, but they're connected to the overall parallel 71 00:05:46,160 --> 00:05:48,879 circuit, which is that box. Okay, you with me, which is 72 00:05:48,879 --> 00:05:53,759 that rectangle box. Okay. Now go to the all the way to the 73 00:05:53,879 --> 00:05:57,639 right side of your rectangle. In that wall, I want you to come 74 00:05:57,680 --> 00:06:00,680 down, draw squiggly line in it, and go down space and then draw 75 00:06:00,680 --> 00:06:05,560 another squiggly line in it. So on that right side of this rectangle, 76 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:12,959 you have two loads and they are also in series with each other. So 77 00:06:13,040 --> 00:06:16,120 what you have is you have two branches. You have the one branch in 78 00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:19,399 the middle that we drew, which is branch A, and that has two 79 00:06:19,439 --> 00:06:25,920 loads in series. And then you had the very right side of the rectangle 80 00:06:26,639 --> 00:06:29,839 and I add you to add two loads in that wall. So now you 81 00:06:29,959 --> 00:06:34,120 have two loads in series on that right side wall. So what you've drawn 82 00:06:34,240 --> 00:06:41,560 now is a parallel series circuit. So the circuit runs around the rectangle, 83 00:06:42,120 --> 00:06:46,920 but you have branch A that runs across the middle of the actual rectangle, 84 00:06:46,439 --> 00:06:54,040 and then at the end you have two loads again that are in series that 85 00:06:54,079 --> 00:07:00,519 are running across the right side of the rectangle. Both of these branches are 86 00:07:00,519 --> 00:07:03,240 in parallel with each other. Okay, you have branch A in the middle, 87 00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:06,240 and you have branch B, which is the far right side of your 88 00:07:06,279 --> 00:07:11,759 rectangle. So hopefully i've paid in you that mental picture of what we're doing 89 00:07:11,800 --> 00:07:15,000 here. Okay, Now, so you have four loads here. Now you 90 00:07:15,040 --> 00:07:18,439 have two in branch A in the middle, and you have two in the 91 00:07:18,519 --> 00:07:24,199 right wall of the rectangle that is branch B. Okay, Now, I'm 92 00:07:24,199 --> 00:07:28,360 going to give you some values so that we can work this out. So 93 00:07:29,560 --> 00:07:30,879 we're not going to give you the current and I'm not going to give you 94 00:07:30,879 --> 00:07:34,839 the resistance of the entire circuit, but i will tell you the voltage. 95 00:07:35,639 --> 00:07:40,560 So the voltage is one hundred and twenty volts, and I will give you 96 00:07:40,600 --> 00:07:45,160 the resistance value of each one of these resistance loads or these loads in the 97 00:07:45,160 --> 00:07:46,800 equation. I will give you that, but I'm not going to tell you 98 00:07:46,839 --> 00:07:49,399 the voltage and I'm not going to tell you the current, because you're gonna 99 00:07:49,399 --> 00:07:53,759 have to work that out. And that's why it's so important that you have 100 00:07:53,920 --> 00:08:00,639 watched our series. I keep saying watched, that you listen to my series 101 00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:05,439 podcast and you listen to the parallel podcast in order to understand what we're doing 102 00:08:05,439 --> 00:08:07,759 here. So I'm going to give you the resistance. So the first one 103 00:08:07,800 --> 00:08:13,120 on the top of the branch A is twenty homes, and then the bottom 104 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:16,279 one on Branch A, that's the one cutting through the middle. That one 105 00:08:16,319 --> 00:08:20,279 is forty homes. And then on the right side, the top one in 106 00:08:20,319 --> 00:08:26,199 Branch B that is ten homes, and then the bottom one in Branch B 107 00:08:26,759 --> 00:08:31,279 is fifty homes. Okay, so we have twenty, forty, ten and 108 00:08:31,360 --> 00:08:35,759 fifty. Ok Now, that's what we have so far. We all know 109 00:08:35,799 --> 00:08:39,759 anything about the voltage at any of these loads. We don't know. We're 110 00:08:39,759 --> 00:08:43,480 not worried about the current any of these loads right now. We're just simply 111 00:08:43,519 --> 00:08:48,039 we're given the resistance. And this is very common to give you this way. 112 00:08:48,639 --> 00:08:52,840 Good news is we do know we have voltages values, and we do 113 00:08:52,039 --> 00:08:56,120 we have some stuff that we can work with. Okay, all right, 114 00:08:56,159 --> 00:08:58,200 So the first thing we want to do is we want to start with the 115 00:08:58,240 --> 00:09:05,200 branches, and since we have loads, and we're working on each branch separately, 116 00:09:05,279 --> 00:09:09,840 because each one of these branches, if we treat them separately, it's 117 00:09:09,879 --> 00:09:13,440 nothing more than a series circuit. Right, So remember what we said about 118 00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:18,159 the series circuit, if you remember earlier when it comes to series, when 119 00:09:18,159 --> 00:09:24,399 we're doing series and we're dealing with the resistance, what does it say in 120 00:09:24,480 --> 00:09:31,159 series? In series, the resistance is what it's additive R one plus R 121 00:09:31,200 --> 00:09:35,399 two plus R three. So it's pretty straightforward, right, So let's kind 122 00:09:35,399 --> 00:09:39,399 of work this out. So you always want to redraw this each time, 123 00:09:39,480 --> 00:09:45,519 same way, draw the rectangle and then you combine your lost. So in 124 00:09:45,559 --> 00:09:48,639 the first branch it's twenty oms and in the bottom one is forty oms, 125 00:09:50,120 --> 00:09:54,480 so it's simply twenty plus forty. That's sixty oms. That's Branch A, 126 00:09:54,600 --> 00:09:58,679 right, and then in branch B exactly the same. We're working the series 127 00:09:58,799 --> 00:10:05,600 part first, and that is ten plus fifty. So if I redraw this 128 00:10:05,759 --> 00:10:11,519 rectangle, and I draw the circle for the source back in the left wall 129 00:10:11,960 --> 00:10:16,519 and just put that s for source. And now the resistive that I draw 130 00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:18,639 through the middle is one line down, big squiggly line, and then draw 131 00:10:18,679 --> 00:10:22,840 it to the other side. Now that resistant load is sixty homes. And 132 00:10:22,879 --> 00:10:28,840 then the back right side, I combine the fifty and ten. So now 133 00:10:28,919 --> 00:10:37,799 that one is sixty homes. Pretty straightforward. Right, So now we have 134 00:10:37,360 --> 00:10:45,159 less complex combination circuit. We still have a parallel, but now we don't 135 00:10:45,200 --> 00:10:50,759 really have any series anymore, right because now what we have is a simple 136 00:10:50,279 --> 00:10:56,200 parallel circuit. We took the series, he worked them down and now they're 137 00:10:56,240 --> 00:11:00,960 part of a parallel. We don't have any series anymore. These are it's 138 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:05,440 now purely a parallel circuit. Now here's the beautiful thing about it. When 139 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:09,679 it comes to the parallel, you remember we have multiple ways that we can 140 00:11:09,759 --> 00:11:13,600 solve this to get our total resistance. Okay, because we want to get 141 00:11:13,639 --> 00:11:16,399 that first. It's going to get our total resistance because we're right here, 142 00:11:16,559 --> 00:11:22,000 we can go in and work that out. And we got to remember that 143 00:11:22,120 --> 00:11:26,759 when it comes to total resistance, we need to get the value for our 144 00:11:26,799 --> 00:11:28,720 resistance and then we can, you know, we can work through the rest 145 00:11:28,759 --> 00:11:31,919 of the stuff and get everything else we need to work and get our equations 146 00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:35,960 in our values because we're going to solve all the everything in here. We're 147 00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:39,480 going to find out what the the the voltage is, we're going to find 148 00:11:39,519 --> 00:11:41,559 out what the amps are at each one. But we're going to work these 149 00:11:41,559 --> 00:11:45,320 out. Okay, So remember the first way that we could do this, 150 00:11:46,559 --> 00:11:50,240 that was a simple method. If you remember back in the Parallel podcast, 151 00:11:50,879 --> 00:12:00,159 it was our one times R two and divided by R one plus R two. 152 00:12:00,799 --> 00:12:05,039 Okay, pretty straightforward. And in our case, we're using branch A 153 00:12:05,159 --> 00:12:11,200 and branch B. So it's R a times RB divided by r a plus 154 00:12:11,840 --> 00:12:16,159 RB. So what did we say. There's sixty oms, right, So 155 00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:22,639 it's sixty times sixty. That's the top part. So sixty times sixty is 156 00:12:22,679 --> 00:12:26,600 thirty six hundred. That's the top, and then the bottom was R A 157 00:12:26,759 --> 00:12:31,840 plus RB. And the reason we're using A and B is because we said 158 00:12:31,879 --> 00:12:33,679 this was branch A and branch B. But again, don't get confused because 159 00:12:33,679 --> 00:12:37,000 it could be R one R two whatever your exam may show you, it 160 00:12:37,039 --> 00:12:41,559 doesn't matter. Same thing it's the loads that are given. So in this 161 00:12:41,639 --> 00:12:46,519 case, sixty plus sixty is one twenty. So if you divide thirty six 162 00:12:46,600 --> 00:12:52,960 hundred into one twenty, that's going to give us thirty oms. Okay, 163 00:12:54,519 --> 00:12:58,480 so that's our total for this for this one, it's thirty oms okay for 164 00:12:58,519 --> 00:13:01,559 this parlevel. Okay, Next, the next thing we could do? Okay, 165 00:13:01,879 --> 00:13:05,159 well, is there an easier way to do this? Well, yeah, 166 00:13:05,320 --> 00:13:09,240 because both of these are sixty. Remember what we said we could do 167 00:13:09,320 --> 00:13:13,200 if they're equal value, then you just take one of them, which is 168 00:13:13,240 --> 00:13:16,399 sixty, you divide it by two and that's thirty. So you could get 169 00:13:16,440 --> 00:13:20,840 the answer that way as well. Makes sense. Yeah, but there's also 170 00:13:20,879 --> 00:13:24,440 a third way you could do that if you listen to my parallel, there 171 00:13:24,519 --> 00:13:31,080 is another way to do it. And and in this case it was our 172 00:13:31,480 --> 00:13:37,679 one over RT equals one over R a plus one over RB or one over 173 00:13:37,799 --> 00:13:39,519 R one plus one over R two, depending on what you're what you're doing. 174 00:13:41,039 --> 00:13:46,600 Okay, so the common denominator I waited one of the ways to do 175 00:13:46,639 --> 00:13:52,879 it. The common denominator for this is sixty because they're both sixty, so 176 00:13:52,919 --> 00:13:58,039 that would have been one over one one over sixty plus one over sixty would 177 00:13:58,039 --> 00:14:05,759 be two over sixty, right, so two. So one of the ways 178 00:14:05,759 --> 00:14:11,200 to do this now is to invert it, right, and so it'd be 179 00:14:11,320 --> 00:14:18,000 sixty divided by two, it would be thirty, right. Okay. So 180 00:14:18,039 --> 00:14:24,360 there's many ways that you could do this, and I mean you could even 181 00:14:24,559 --> 00:14:28,679 work it out even further. Another way to do that, because we just 182 00:14:28,720 --> 00:14:33,960 did it that way is the common denominator way. But one other way to 183 00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:41,039 do this, which is which we explained in the parallel podcast, was to 184 00:14:41,159 --> 00:14:46,320 take the full values that you'd get with the decimals and work that same formula 185 00:14:46,519 --> 00:14:54,080 one over our T equals one over our A plus one over are b and 186 00:14:54,120 --> 00:14:56,799 again, so this case would be one divided into sixty, which would be 187 00:14:56,799 --> 00:15:01,399 point zero one sixty sixty six six sixty sixty six. Uh. And then 188 00:15:01,399 --> 00:15:05,440 of course that would be the value for the one over that, And then 189 00:15:05,440 --> 00:15:09,639 of course then you'd have the other one over sixty, which would be the 190 00:15:09,679 --> 00:15:15,159 same one divided into sixties point zero one six six sixty six six sixty six. 191 00:15:15,600 --> 00:15:18,399 And so that gives you a point zero three three three three three three 192 00:15:18,559 --> 00:15:22,279 three two. And so when you divide one into that, that gives you 193 00:15:22,320 --> 00:15:26,320 the thirty ohms, right, So I mean that's a longer way to do 194 00:15:26,320 --> 00:15:31,799 it. So that's why in the parallel podcast, I explained how to do 195 00:15:31,919 --> 00:15:37,279 the the You know, when you are doing the value and you actually work 196 00:15:37,320 --> 00:15:41,399 it out with what's called a common denominator. In this case, they both 197 00:15:41,399 --> 00:15:45,679 were sixty, so there wasn't that sixty is their common denominator. So again 198 00:15:46,840 --> 00:15:48,879 and so you just added how many times does it go into sixty? One 199 00:15:50,320 --> 00:15:52,000 for each, So that's one and one, it's two. So that's why 200 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:56,440 you get the two over sixty. You invert it sixty divided into two. 201 00:15:56,480 --> 00:16:00,559 That's how you get to thirty. Right. So there is couple ways you 202 00:16:00,600 --> 00:16:03,600 can do this. I showed you the very long way with your calculator. 203 00:16:03,639 --> 00:16:07,519 You just have to make sure you use all of your decimal points or all 204 00:16:07,559 --> 00:16:11,639 of your spaces after your decimal point, otherwise the numbers won't add up exactly 205 00:16:11,720 --> 00:16:15,399 as what it gets you when you do the denominator value. Okay, the 206 00:16:15,840 --> 00:16:19,559 one where you use the common denominator. Hopefully that makes sense. Go back 207 00:16:19,600 --> 00:16:23,960 and watch the parallel one I mean, excuse me, yeah, Parallels podcast. 208 00:16:25,320 --> 00:16:27,639 Go listen to that and it'll make more sense. Okay. So let's 209 00:16:27,639 --> 00:16:32,519 go back and solve the missing variables in our circuit. You remember our circuit, 210 00:16:32,919 --> 00:16:36,360 which we knew was one hundred and twenty volts at the source, and 211 00:16:36,440 --> 00:16:40,759 the first load on branch A was sixty oms, and we need to find 212 00:16:40,799 --> 00:16:44,720 out what the voltage is, and we need to know what the current is. 213 00:16:44,759 --> 00:16:47,480 And then the second load, which is in the right side of our 214 00:16:48,639 --> 00:16:52,080 rectangle, if you will, that was sixty oms of resistance. Okay, 215 00:16:52,639 --> 00:17:00,000 and we already know what the overall is, right because the overall we can 216 00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:04,680 calculate out and find out what the overall is, okay, And so let's 217 00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:11,319 now kind of do this, okay. So let's see here, first thing 218 00:17:11,359 --> 00:17:15,880 we want to solve for Let's go on into the loads in the branches. 219 00:17:15,960 --> 00:17:18,599 Let's do branch A, so we know it's sixty oms. So we want 220 00:17:18,640 --> 00:17:23,200 to solve for what the current is, and we want to solve for what 221 00:17:23,279 --> 00:17:30,200 the voltage is, right, all right, So the one thing to remember 222 00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:33,720 about volts, the voltage one is easy, okay. Remember, for parallels, 223 00:17:34,799 --> 00:17:40,000 the voltage across each branch is equal to the voltage at the source. 224 00:17:40,680 --> 00:17:47,079 So if this et the total voltage is one twenty and that is given to 225 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:49,160 us. Then we know that it is one twenty at each one of these 226 00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:53,039 branches. So that's easy. So we know it's one hundred and twenty vaults 227 00:17:53,039 --> 00:17:57,000 at both of these branches. That's easy. Now we want to solve for 228 00:17:57,039 --> 00:18:00,920 the current. Well, now that we know the voltage and we know the 229 00:18:00,960 --> 00:18:04,599 resistance, that's easy. Then we can solve the resistance, I mean, 230 00:18:04,640 --> 00:18:08,359 the current at each one of these locations. Okay, so how do we 231 00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:11,559 do that? Remember your your omes all. Remember the circle with the line 232 00:18:11,599 --> 00:18:15,039 through the middle of it to separate the top from the bottom, and then 233 00:18:15,079 --> 00:18:19,039 there's a line down from the middle down to separate the lower left quadrant from 234 00:18:19,039 --> 00:18:25,880 the lower right because EI R. So to find out now what the current 235 00:18:26,039 --> 00:18:30,319 is, it's simply you put your finger over the I and now it's E 236 00:18:30,519 --> 00:18:33,599 divided by the R because we have those values. So it's one twenty is 237 00:18:33,640 --> 00:18:37,400 the E. We just calculated that, and we're going to divide that by 238 00:18:37,920 --> 00:18:44,079 sixty and that gives you two So that is two amps. So that first 239 00:18:44,279 --> 00:18:48,400 load in our equation is one hundred and twenty volts, two amps and sixty 240 00:18:48,400 --> 00:18:53,960 oms. So now let's do the branch B same thing. We know that 241 00:18:55,039 --> 00:18:59,599 it's one twenty, and in fact it'll be exactly the same because the same 242 00:18:59,680 --> 00:19:03,400 is on branch A is exactly the same is its own branch B, so 243 00:19:03,480 --> 00:19:07,359 we don't even have to do the math. Then this one is also two 244 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:12,039 amps. Okay, So now that we have branch A, we it's one 245 00:19:12,119 --> 00:19:15,720 hundred and twenty volts, two amps, sixty oms. Branch B is one 246 00:19:15,759 --> 00:19:18,640 hundred and twenty volts, two amps and sixty olms. Now we can do 247 00:19:18,799 --> 00:19:23,319 the source, which we know is one twenty. But now remember what we 248 00:19:23,359 --> 00:19:29,160 said to find the total current. Remember, in a parallel circuit, the 249 00:19:29,240 --> 00:19:34,240 current is additive, so you add the total of each load. So it 250 00:19:34,279 --> 00:19:37,759 was two amps on branch A, two amps on branch B. So guess 251 00:19:37,759 --> 00:19:44,119 what the total amps are. You guessed it four ams, So it's one 252 00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:48,200 hundred and twenty volts and four amps. Now what about that resistance. Now 253 00:19:48,240 --> 00:19:53,000 remember what it's said to do to get the resistance to total resistance. Okay. 254 00:19:53,440 --> 00:19:56,240 Now, one of the things that we saw here is is okay, 255 00:19:56,319 --> 00:20:04,079 so the total resistance is the little voltage divided by the total amps. Right, 256 00:20:06,640 --> 00:20:10,960 So what was the total voltage one twenty. What were the total amps 257 00:20:11,519 --> 00:20:18,799 one twenty divided by four, it's thirty. So thirty is the total resistance. 258 00:20:18,799 --> 00:20:22,200 Now we already knew it was thirty because we already kind of did the 259 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:25,920 total resistance anyway. We already did that earlier, and that's what we came 260 00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:27,480 up with the thirty oms. But this is a way you do it again. 261 00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:32,200 Once you have all the variables in place, and once you know the 262 00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:34,799 amps in that scenario, and once you know the voltage, then you can 263 00:20:34,839 --> 00:20:41,680 solve for the olms. We just showed you how to do it if you 264 00:20:41,839 --> 00:20:45,240 didn't know what it was. Now let's say that I had the omes and 265 00:20:45,279 --> 00:20:47,119 you solved, and you said, well, I have one hundred and twenty 266 00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:52,200 vault source and you've already calculated what the total resistance is, then you can 267 00:20:52,279 --> 00:20:56,880 use that to solve the whole amps. Anyway. For example, if I 268 00:20:56,920 --> 00:21:03,920 know the vaults and I know and I know the total resistance, and I 269 00:21:03,960 --> 00:21:07,400 don't even know what the current is, I could solve what the current is 270 00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:11,640 at the source right by simply using the owns law. So if I'm solving 271 00:21:11,680 --> 00:21:15,400 for current, it's going to be the one twenty and I'm going to divide 272 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:21,680 this into what was the total resistance which was thirty, and that gives me 273 00:21:21,880 --> 00:21:25,400 four and that is the amps. So, as you can see, you 274 00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:30,599 can solve the equation many ways depending on what they give you in the question, 275 00:21:32,480 --> 00:21:40,759 right, And so what's important is to really realize how to work each 276 00:21:40,839 --> 00:21:45,519 one of these out itself and to be able to calculate it out right. 277 00:21:47,160 --> 00:21:51,400 Now, here's the funny part. Maybe that's how you work it down all 278 00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:56,279 the way to the end and find out what the total voltage is, the 279 00:21:56,359 --> 00:22:00,279 total current is, and total resistance and you worked each of these brands is 280 00:22:00,359 --> 00:22:04,480 down. Okay, but what if you wanted to go back now and you 281 00:22:04,559 --> 00:22:08,920 say, well, you know what, since you gave me the resistance at 282 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:14,960 each one of those loads, which was twenty, forty, ten and fifty 283 00:22:15,559 --> 00:22:21,799 right originally that's what they were originally, then guess what I can actually find 284 00:22:21,839 --> 00:22:27,000 out what the actual voltage is, how it breaks down right, using owned 285 00:22:27,079 --> 00:22:32,960 law across each resistive point. It's pretty cool how you can do that. 286 00:22:33,039 --> 00:22:36,920 So if we were to go backwards now and put that original equation back in 287 00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:40,200 there, and you say, well, Paul, can you can you tell 288 00:22:40,240 --> 00:22:45,359 me since what is it actually at each one of these these points? Okay, 289 00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:48,880 well, since we know the current doesn't change, right, so when 290 00:22:48,880 --> 00:22:53,599 we have a resistance value for each one, then we can simply do what 291 00:22:55,000 --> 00:22:57,319 to find the vault. To find the voltage at the first one, which 292 00:22:57,359 --> 00:23:03,680 is the twenty oms, it's simply twenty times what the current, which is 293 00:23:03,720 --> 00:23:07,200 two, so that one is forty volts. So twenty times two is forty 294 00:23:07,240 --> 00:23:14,680 So the voltage drop at that first resistor is forty volts. Then you could 295 00:23:14,720 --> 00:23:15,880 go back to the second one if they ask you say, hey, what's 296 00:23:15,920 --> 00:23:22,000 the voltage drop at this one load point? Well, you know the current 297 00:23:22,079 --> 00:23:26,799 stays the same, so it's forty times two, and that means that one 298 00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:30,799 is eighty at that one. And then you go to the third one, 299 00:23:30,839 --> 00:23:37,240 which was I believe ten homes, and it'd be ten times two and that 300 00:23:37,279 --> 00:23:40,319 would be twenty volts. And then the last one, which was fifty, 301 00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:45,039 it's fifty times two, which is one hundred volts. So I can tell 302 00:23:45,079 --> 00:23:48,519 you exactly what the voltage that's dropped at each one of those loads at that 303 00:23:48,559 --> 00:23:55,599 twenty homes forty, ten and fifty, right, So it's not nearly as 304 00:23:55,640 --> 00:24:00,119 difficult as people want it to be. You just have to work out the 305 00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:04,559 values and find out each little component and take your time and work them out, 306 00:24:04,599 --> 00:24:08,519 and it becomes pretty simple process to be able to do it. And 307 00:24:08,559 --> 00:24:12,559 it can be complex where you have what appears to be a simple series, 308 00:24:12,920 --> 00:24:17,559 but then it has parallels off of that. Well, you want to take 309 00:24:17,599 --> 00:24:22,240 the parallels and try to solve them down into what you want to solve them 310 00:24:22,319 --> 00:24:29,000 down into a simple series circuit and try to make it as simple as possible. 311 00:24:30,119 --> 00:24:33,960 So you might have a parallel series circuit where you have parallel but you 312 00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:38,160 have series within it and you're trying to get it down to a simple parallel 313 00:24:38,200 --> 00:24:45,279 circuit. Or you could have a series circuit that has parallel circuits added into 314 00:24:45,359 --> 00:24:51,559 it and you're trying to get it down to a simple series circuit. So 315 00:24:51,680 --> 00:24:53,480 one of the things to remember is how I call it. Like for example, 316 00:24:53,480 --> 00:24:56,559 if I tell you that I want you to solve this series parallel circuit, 317 00:24:57,160 --> 00:25:02,119 then that tell yous that the circuit is probably a series circuit with a 318 00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:04,440 parallel component, and you want to take the parallel and get it down to 319 00:25:04,480 --> 00:25:08,559 a series. Or if I tell you there is a parallel series circuit. 320 00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:14,880 Then it's probably a parallel circuit with some serious circuits in it, and you 321 00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:18,359 want to solve the series ones to get it down to a simple parallel. 322 00:25:18,640 --> 00:25:22,359 Does that make sense? And so you really got to pay attention what they 323 00:25:22,519 --> 00:25:29,519 ask you when it comes to the actual how they present the question. Okay, 324 00:25:30,240 --> 00:25:32,440 that's kind of one of those things that's kind of a little tip for 325 00:25:32,519 --> 00:25:36,839 you that kind of puts you into the right perspective. Okay, all right, 326 00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:38,279 folks, that's pretty much it. When it comes to combination. I 327 00:25:38,279 --> 00:25:42,039 would not let them freak you out on an exam. You know, My 328 00:25:42,119 --> 00:25:48,640 old rule as always save the calculations for last because they take the most time. 329 00:25:48,799 --> 00:25:55,880 If it's a parallel do your best to possibly use the common denominator method 330 00:25:56,039 --> 00:26:00,039 if they'll if you know, that's kind of advice on that, but don't 331 00:26:00,119 --> 00:26:03,960 let it panic. It's again, usually on an exam, it's maybe one 332 00:26:04,039 --> 00:26:07,519 or two questions, if any. In the real world, you'll probably never 333 00:26:07,599 --> 00:26:11,119 have to do this unless you're into electronics and whatever that type of thing. 334 00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:15,079 But it's something that you know, if you listen to this, you know 335 00:26:15,119 --> 00:26:19,960 this podcast, you probably had an interest in understanding the basics and maybe you 336 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:23,880 are just taking an exam, and and many times they ask you stuff on 337 00:26:23,920 --> 00:26:27,880 an exam that you may never do in your life in the real world. 338 00:26:29,799 --> 00:26:33,200 Just remember it's an exam and they're going to have to ask you to make 339 00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:37,839 sure you understand. And usually these questions will fall under general questions or trade 340 00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:42,200 knowledge, not so much a code look up or a code calculation. It 341 00:26:42,319 --> 00:26:47,680 is kind of just trade knowledge that you learn in your apprenticeship programs and things 342 00:26:47,720 --> 00:26:49,920 like that. So you might have already put your hands on a lot of 343 00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:53,319 this, So this might not be you know, new to you. This 344 00:26:53,440 --> 00:26:56,400 might be old hat to you and that type of thing. So anyway, 345 00:26:56,559 --> 00:27:00,799 hopefully you got something out of podcast. Remember if you have questions you want 346 00:27:00,839 --> 00:27:03,880 to submit, all you got to do is go to Paul Abernathy dot com. 347 00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:07,079 We love to take your questions. I answer tons of questions. There 348 00:27:07,079 --> 00:27:11,200 are hundreds of them that come in a month, and I'm just doing my 349 00:27:11,319 --> 00:27:12,880 best to try to keep up with all of them. Some cases I have 350 00:27:12,880 --> 00:27:17,279 one hundreds come in a week. Again, a lot of them I reply 351 00:27:17,519 --> 00:27:22,279 back via you know, email, And then of course we have plenty of 352 00:27:22,279 --> 00:27:26,480 them that are stacking up that I'm doing for upcoming podcasts. It's just so 353 00:27:26,599 --> 00:27:30,359 hard to be able to do them. It takes time. Podcasting is my 354 00:27:30,440 --> 00:27:33,359 favorite platform. I love it more than doing videos. I love to just 355 00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:40,759 sit and talk, and I find it a challenge for me to try to 356 00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:45,440 convey a mental picture knowing that you're just listening to it, and some people 357 00:27:45,519 --> 00:27:48,599 will get it and some people won't. Some people get confused. I get 358 00:27:48,599 --> 00:27:52,279 it, and I understand that, but it's it's kind of a challenge for 359 00:27:52,359 --> 00:27:56,440 me to try to convey a mental picture. So for those that got it, 360 00:27:56,960 --> 00:28:00,440 you're welcome. For those that didn't, I sorry. There's videos on 361 00:28:00,480 --> 00:28:04,640 our fast Tracks tube that explain series parallels and combinations. I urge you to 362 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:07,759 check them outni't next time, folks, Stay safe, God bless and we'll 363 00:28:07,799 --> 00:28:10,480 catch you on another episode of Let's Ask Paul.