1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:04,320 I far, and the achievements of the past year demonstrate that, I think 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:07,759 to a degree that is mind blowing. Like what you have achieved over the 3 00:00:07,839 --> 00:00:12,960 past year is nothing sort of incredible, and one day we will indeed occupy 4 00:00:13,080 --> 00:00:17,679 Mars. So let's go through everything that FACEX has achieved, that you have 5 00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:21,039 done, and it's actually going to take a while. By the way, 6 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:23,760 this is going to take a minute. First of all, with Falcon we 7 00:00:23,839 --> 00:00:28,160 have achieved the most launches of any rocket in a single year ever. So 8 00:00:28,399 --> 00:00:31,760 the next best is was the Soviet Soyuz, which I think did a little 9 00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:35,399 over sixty launches in a year, and we did ninety six. Yeah, 10 00:00:35,399 --> 00:00:39,119 so no other family of orbital class rockets has launched more than sixty three times 11 00:00:39,159 --> 00:00:42,200 a year. That was Soyuz, and we did thirty percent more. Falcon 12 00:00:42,200 --> 00:00:45,840 Heavy also surpassed in terms of heavy lift vehicles the record for Saturn five, 13 00:00:45,880 --> 00:00:49,520 which I think that with five launches last year week seeded the Saturn five records. 14 00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:53,119 So that was like pretty incredible on Falcon Heavy. So this gives you 15 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:57,039 a sense in pictures of how incredible that was. For a while there I 16 00:00:57,119 --> 00:00:59,439 was like when I was like I'd be posting something, is this like the 17 00:00:59,479 --> 00:01:02,679 launch that just happened or the one that is happening, or like because they 18 00:01:02,679 --> 00:01:04,359 were like three launches that happened in the space of a few days. But 19 00:01:04,439 --> 00:01:08,799 this is all the launches on one page. And yes, it's really incredible. 20 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:11,959 All made it to orbit, all landed, just a huge hand for 21 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:15,799 the Falcon team. That was incredible. And two those of the missions were 22 00:01:15,799 --> 00:01:21,519 Starlink, but the third were for other customers for a NASA for other communications 23 00:01:21,519 --> 00:01:26,040 satellites. It was a combination of our of Starlink plus a lot of other 24 00:01:26,239 --> 00:01:29,519 missions. So even if you just take the non Starling portion of the flights, 25 00:01:29,599 --> 00:01:32,560 that was more than any other vehicle. Last year by a long shot. 26 00:01:32,719 --> 00:01:38,079 We launched NASA's Psyche, Issa's Euclid, the X thirty seven B spaceplane, 27 00:01:38,439 --> 00:01:42,280 multiple transport emissions, we launched, did missions for one web Viasat, 28 00:01:42,640 --> 00:01:47,680 and we're actually on contract to launch Amazon's hyper Constellation and we treat everyone fairly. 29 00:01:47,959 --> 00:01:51,480 So just one and just and we managed to do nineteen flights on a 30 00:01:51,519 --> 00:01:55,040 single Falconine booster, which is really incredible in three and a half years. 31 00:01:55,200 --> 00:01:59,280 So and that vehicle did that. Brewster did eight hundred and sixty satellites and 32 00:01:59,680 --> 00:02:01,760 deliver two undred sixty metric tons to orbit. Because it's like wow. So 33 00:02:01,799 --> 00:02:07,120 there's a lot of wows and it's worth you know, like, how long 34 00:02:07,120 --> 00:02:09,560 ago was it that we landed a booster? Was actually eight years ago in 35 00:02:09,599 --> 00:02:14,319 December, roughly eight years ago, and since that time we've landed two hundred 36 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:16,840 and sixty times. The two hundred and sixty landings, it's just like wow. 37 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:21,080 There were a lot of people that said that it couldn't be done, 38 00:02:21,199 --> 00:02:23,360 and then there were a lot of people that said, even if it could 39 00:02:23,439 --> 00:02:25,560 be done, it's a dumb idea that it wouldn't it wouldn't pay off, 40 00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:30,120 that it wouldn't you know, it wouldn't make sense. But we've shown that 41 00:02:30,319 --> 00:02:34,280 in fact, it is absolutely the right. Idea of reusability is the key 42 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:38,719 to a great future in space. It's essential. We need reusability for truck. 43 00:02:38,759 --> 00:02:42,520 It's just like we have reusability for cars, for airplanes, for bicycles, 44 00:02:42,560 --> 00:02:46,680 for horses. Obviously, reusability is essential, and the fundamental invention that 45 00:02:46,719 --> 00:02:53,240 is necessary for humanity to become a multiplanet species is a full and rapidly basically 46 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:55,719 rapidly reusable, reliable rockets. I mean, it's incredible how much has happened 47 00:02:55,759 --> 00:03:00,360 in eight years. I wonder what will things be like eight years from now. 48 00:03:00,479 --> 00:03:02,360 Hopefully we have I think we will have landed on Mars, and I 49 00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:06,599 think we will have sent people to the Moon, and maybe if we get 50 00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:08,960 like we will have sent people to Mars within eight years. The key question 51 00:03:08,960 --> 00:03:15,080 is, sort of I think about for civilization is the key test perhaps for 52 00:03:15,159 --> 00:03:19,439 civilization is do we make it through the Spermi Great filter of being going from 53 00:03:19,439 --> 00:03:22,719 a one planet civilization to a multiplanet civilization? And if we are, if 54 00:03:22,719 --> 00:03:25,919 we do become multiplanet civilization, we may go out there to other star systems 55 00:03:27,039 --> 00:03:30,199 and discover many long dead one planet civilizations. And we don't want to be 56 00:03:30,199 --> 00:03:31,840 one of them. That's lame. We don't want to be one of those 57 00:03:31,879 --> 00:03:38,280 lame one planet civilizations. But I think we should always regard civilization as fragile, 58 00:03:38,479 --> 00:03:42,960 as not something that not a situation where there is an inevitable upward trajectory. 59 00:03:43,159 --> 00:03:44,759 I mean, I read a lot about history, and if you look 60 00:03:44,759 --> 00:03:49,240 at if you read history, you see that civilizations are anything but permanent. 61 00:03:49,439 --> 00:03:53,520 Many civilizations have risen and fallen over the years, over the centuries and millennia, 62 00:03:53,719 --> 00:03:57,960 and eventually the Sun will expand well the oceans and destroy all life on 63 00:03:58,039 --> 00:04:00,479 Earth now bitterly. That's you know, several hundred million years in the future, 64 00:04:00,599 --> 00:04:06,800 but it's only about maybe ten or twenty percent of the existence of Earth 65 00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:10,599 itself. If Earth is four and a half billion years old, then another 66 00:04:10,639 --> 00:04:14,919 ten, ten twenty percent longer and life wouldn't or intelligent life would not have 67 00:04:14,960 --> 00:04:16,680 evolved because it's taken us a long time to get to this point. That's 68 00:04:16,720 --> 00:04:21,120 really that's really the key test. Do we become a self sustaining multiplanet civilization 69 00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:25,759 while civilization still exists, or don't we that? You know, I think 70 00:04:25,800 --> 00:04:28,759 that's really the key question. I think we've got a good chance, but 71 00:04:28,879 --> 00:04:30,480 it's not a sure thing. That's why time is of essence. I think 72 00:04:30,519 --> 00:04:35,399 we want to make Mars self sustaining as quickly as possible. It's not just 73 00:04:35,399 --> 00:04:40,279 a question of getting people tomorrows, but it's getting enough tonnage and equipment to 74 00:04:40,279 --> 00:04:45,279 Mars to make enable Mars to be self sustaining. The key test being that 75 00:04:45,360 --> 00:04:49,519 if the resupply ships from Earth stop coming for any reason, do we does 76 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:55,519 Mars die out or does it continue? That's the really the fundamental threshold to 77 00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:59,439 pass the Fermi paradox, great filter. The Fermi paradox is where are the 78 00:04:59,439 --> 00:05:01,800 aliens? You know, if life is common, if intelligent life is common, 79 00:05:01,839 --> 00:05:03,839 shouldn't we see a lot of evidence of it? Now? I get 80 00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:09,000 asked a lot about, you know, aliens actually, and I usually say 81 00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:11,519 I am one. Well, actually I used to be. According to you 82 00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:14,759 know, Homeland Security, it's an alien registration card. Literally. I was 83 00:05:14,759 --> 00:05:17,480 like, okay, but the truth is I actually have not seen any evidence 84 00:05:17,519 --> 00:05:21,240 of aliens, which I think is maybe a bit more troubling than if I 85 00:05:21,279 --> 00:05:26,360 had. I have not seen any, and I'd be on it and you 86 00:05:26,399 --> 00:05:30,240 can pretty much guarantee that I would post about it instantly. Okay. I 87 00:05:30,279 --> 00:05:31,959 was like, yep, let's we go one. This is a spaceship for 88 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:35,759 sure, But I have not seen anything. So that leaves me to think 89 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:41,839 that we're more likely to be a tiny candle of consciousness in a vast emptiness, 90 00:05:41,879 --> 00:05:44,839 a vast darkness. You know that the civilization that we have is really 91 00:05:44,879 --> 00:05:46,759 just this very small candle in a vast darkness, and we just must do 92 00:05:46,839 --> 00:05:49,959 everything possible to ensure that candle does not go out. Yeah, anyway, 93 00:05:49,959 --> 00:05:53,160 I think we can do it. So, you know, but we need 94 00:05:53,160 --> 00:05:55,720 to move fast because you just never know. I mean, there could be 95 00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:59,279 you know, at any given point. There's like Stephen Hawking actually I believe 96 00:05:59,279 --> 00:06:01,800 said that he thought there was like roughly a one percent chance in any given 97 00:06:01,879 --> 00:06:05,879 century of civilization ending. That was his rough estimate. I think it actually 98 00:06:05,959 --> 00:06:09,040 might be higher than that. So we just want to go there fast. 99 00:06:09,199 --> 00:06:13,800 So this is the getting back to Falconine, back to reality. These are 100 00:06:13,839 --> 00:06:16,120 all the launches we've done, and you can see how the cadence of launches 101 00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:21,439 has rapidly increased over time. I think people online have actually assembled videos showing 102 00:06:21,519 --> 00:06:26,240 every launch and it just gets like crazy fast as you get to twenty twenty 103 00:06:26,279 --> 00:06:29,720 three. Yeah, so we've done a nineteen three flight. We're now qualifying 104 00:06:29,759 --> 00:06:32,319 Falconine to be able to do forty flights, and we're aiming for maybe as 105 00:06:32,399 --> 00:06:35,720 much as one hundred and fifty flights this year. So and then let's not 106 00:06:35,759 --> 00:06:40,519 forget far and recovery because actually a lot of people don't realize we recover the 107 00:06:40,519 --> 00:06:44,160 fairing as well. This was actually very difficult to recover the fairing, so 108 00:06:44,240 --> 00:06:47,000 cas an immense amount of effort. We now quite regularly recover the fairing and 109 00:06:47,079 --> 00:06:51,759 we've reflown fairings three hundred times, so congrats to the ferry recovery team. 110 00:06:51,800 --> 00:06:56,040 That was actually pretty damn hard. Oh and then of course we do operate 111 00:06:56,199 --> 00:07:00,040 basically a small navy. I think people don't always know that, but we 112 00:07:00,079 --> 00:07:03,360 have, you know, drone ships and support ships of various kinds. So 113 00:07:03,399 --> 00:07:09,000 we've got a small fleet of ships and we operate them very efficiently. May 114 00:07:09,120 --> 00:07:10,959 help people. Also, sometimes I don't know the site, Like you can 115 00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:14,600 see the size of the ship by the person walking around on it. It's 116 00:07:14,600 --> 00:07:17,040 not small, so it looks cool like that's sort of kind of a Darth 117 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:20,399 Vader aesthetic, but it's like it So, and we're also getting much better 118 00:07:20,439 --> 00:07:24,519 with the pad turn around. We achieved a three day pad turn around and 119 00:07:24,560 --> 00:07:28,680 I think we're aiming to hopefully get under twenty four hours pad turn around by 120 00:07:28,720 --> 00:07:30,000 the end of this year. So in terms of yeah, launch rate. 121 00:07:30,319 --> 00:07:34,639 Yeah, So it's been fifteen years since flight one of Falcon one, I'm 122 00:07:34,639 --> 00:07:39,519 sorry, Flight four Falcone the first one to reach orbit. So fifteen years 123 00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:42,759 since we've got anything at all or to orbit. Yeah, and now we're 124 00:07:42,800 --> 00:07:48,839 aiming to have one hundred and fifty flights of thereabouts this year, so big 125 00:07:48,920 --> 00:07:51,600 rockets at this point, Falcon one is little rocket. In fact, when 126 00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:54,279 I see Falcon one right now, I was like, man, I think 127 00:07:54,319 --> 00:07:56,360 I've probably tucked that under my arm and just take it home with me. 128 00:07:56,519 --> 00:07:59,040 You know, it was like launched in the backyard or something. It looks 129 00:07:59,040 --> 00:08:01,879 so cute. At the time, Falcon one did seem like extremely it was 130 00:08:01,920 --> 00:08:05,800 extremely difficult. It took us four flights to reach orbit, and it did 131 00:08:05,879 --> 00:08:07,120 seem kind of big at the time. But now it's like, you look 132 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:11,680 adorable thing. Yeah. So the most I think the most profound metric, 133 00:08:11,800 --> 00:08:16,839 or the metric that really describes the magnitude of what SpaceX achieved in twenty twenty 134 00:08:16,879 --> 00:08:20,480 three is the mass to orbit number. So and you can see the incredible 135 00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:24,959 change just year of a year. So twenty twenty one we were slightly below 136 00:08:24,959 --> 00:08:28,240 the rest of world. Twenty two we I think roughly doubled what the rest 137 00:08:28,279 --> 00:08:31,919 of the world did. And last year we were eighty percent of all mass 138 00:08:31,919 --> 00:08:37,519 to orbit. So the rest of the world, we mean like the rest 139 00:08:37,519 --> 00:08:41,399 of US industry, you know, Europe, India, China, Japan, 140 00:08:41,679 --> 00:08:45,480 everyone, So there's not a lot of industries where a company is doing like 141 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:50,240 eighty percent of everything. And then what's really mind boggling is that that number 142 00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:54,200 should increase by fifty percent this year. So I guess on the order of 143 00:08:54,240 --> 00:08:56,879 like ninety percent of all master to orbit, not counting starships. So if 144 00:08:56,879 --> 00:09:00,759 we start as we start launching Starship, Starship is like in roughly one hundred 145 00:09:00,799 --> 00:09:05,320 tons to orbit with every flight. There's a path to getting Starship to do 146 00:09:05,559 --> 00:09:09,399 over two hundred tons with full reusability, So two hundred tons to useful orbit 147 00:09:09,440 --> 00:09:13,799 with full reusability. And yeah, it's really an incredible amount. Twelve hundred 148 00:09:13,799 --> 00:09:16,399 tons of useful load to orbit last year. Yeah, that's just astounding. 149 00:09:16,879 --> 00:09:20,720 So I think that that really deserves around the floors. I got like wow, 150 00:09:20,799 --> 00:09:22,600 I mean, that's the most mind blowing and the rate of increase is 151 00:09:22,639 --> 00:09:26,120 just astonishing. Now these numbers will actually look very small in the future. 152 00:09:26,320 --> 00:09:31,200 In order to build a city on Mars will need to be kind of in 153 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:37,279 the million ton to orbit range, so maybe a little higher, ideally a 154 00:09:37,279 --> 00:09:41,840 little higher, but sort of if you just try to get things to the 155 00:09:41,919 --> 00:09:43,480 right order of magnitude, like not trying to get to an exact number, 156 00:09:43,559 --> 00:09:46,200 but try to get the order of magnitude right. I think it's on the 157 00:09:46,279 --> 00:09:50,000 order it's roughly a million tons to Earth orbit. That'll get you roughly two 158 00:09:50,039 --> 00:09:54,559 hundred thousand tons to the surface of Mars. So roughly, you know, 159 00:09:54,639 --> 00:09:56,279 approximately twenty percent of what if you get to Earth orbit you can get to 160 00:09:56,320 --> 00:10:00,360 the surface of Mars, and figure like, maybe we need at least million 161 00:10:00,399 --> 00:10:03,440 tons of useful load to the surface of Mars for this for it to become 162 00:10:03,480 --> 00:10:07,679 self sustaining. That self sustaining threshold is actually a very tough threshold to meet 163 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:13,840 because even if you're missing a tiny thing, then eventually that Mars will die 164 00:10:13,840 --> 00:10:16,000 out. So you've got to be able to not just build, for example, 165 00:10:16,240 --> 00:10:20,120 computer chips, but you need to be able to build computer chip factories, 166 00:10:20,200 --> 00:10:24,799 because you can't build computer chip factories. The factory that you do build 167 00:10:24,840 --> 00:10:28,320 will eventually break down and then you will have no chips, and then you're 168 00:10:28,519 --> 00:10:31,200 that's it. It's kind of like a long sea voyage where if you're just 169 00:10:31,559 --> 00:10:35,120 missing vitamin C, yeah, you'll cruise on for a while, but then 170 00:10:35,279 --> 00:10:37,600 you know, you'll teeth will fall out and you'll die. That was a 171 00:10:37,639 --> 00:10:39,879 real problem in the old days. Anyway, it's quite a high threshold, 172 00:10:39,919 --> 00:10:43,320 is and like Mars, Mars is a fixer upper of a planet. You 173 00:10:43,559 --> 00:10:46,840 need some work. But so it's not like you can just run around outdoors 174 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:50,639 and like you know, fish or live off the land. You know, 175 00:10:50,679 --> 00:10:52,799 you can't live off the land on Mars. So it's really quite a lot 176 00:10:52,799 --> 00:10:56,879 of work that's required to make that work. So Dragon an amazing amount of 177 00:10:58,120 --> 00:11:01,879 progress with Dragon and a track record of success. So by as of last 178 00:11:01,960 --> 00:11:07,559 year, the Dragon's fleet time on orbit exceeded the Space Shuttle fleet. So 179 00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:11,840 we had accumulative thirteen over thirteen hundred days of time on orbit last year as 180 00:11:11,840 --> 00:11:15,759 of last year. So that's pretty mind boggling that Dragon has now had more 181 00:11:15,840 --> 00:11:18,440 days in orbit than the entire Space Shuttle fleet. It's like wow, So 182 00:11:18,759 --> 00:11:22,679 yeah, and we've had now Dragon has visited the Space station more times than 183 00:11:22,720 --> 00:11:26,519 the Space Shuttle as well. This is an incredible achievement by the Dragon team. 184 00:11:26,559 --> 00:11:28,759 So once again, as I'm saying, this really has been an incredible 185 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:31,080 maybe the best year in company's history. I mean, it was the best 186 00:11:31,159 --> 00:11:33,840 year in the company's history. Actually, So there's a lot of great things 187 00:11:33,879 --> 00:11:37,679 to go through. And I'm not one who gives out false praise, so 188 00:11:37,960 --> 00:11:41,879 it's really mind boggling what you've achieved. All of the missions. Last year, 189 00:11:41,039 --> 00:11:46,399 I used a flight proven Dragon, so these were all these are all 190 00:11:46,639 --> 00:11:50,200 these Dragons are all flown before, and this year we're looking to fly maybe 191 00:11:50,240 --> 00:11:54,120 seven or eight Dragon missions. So it's really been fantastic success by the Dragon 192 00:11:54,159 --> 00:11:56,759 team. This doesn't have audio, there's no sound in space. Yeah, 193 00:11:56,759 --> 00:12:00,840 it's a great that's a great look in spacesuit and in Dragon interior. So 194 00:12:01,080 --> 00:12:03,519 yeah, so we've now sent forty two humans to orbit. To be precise, 195 00:12:03,559 --> 00:12:07,320 space is relatively easy, but orbit is very difficult. So if we've 196 00:12:07,360 --> 00:12:11,320 now taken forty two humans to orbit and back, and I have to say, 197 00:12:11,360 --> 00:12:13,440 like, yeah, if there's one thing I wish for, it is 198 00:12:13,480 --> 00:12:16,600 that we bring them all back safely. That's like peeple like say, well, 199 00:12:16,639 --> 00:12:18,279 what is the one thing you wish for? I said, I wish 200 00:12:18,279 --> 00:12:22,840 we'd bring this asminalts back safely. That's one thing if I had one wish, 201 00:12:22,960 --> 00:12:24,840 that's what it would be. So and we also have now completed a 202 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:31,159 second crew arm in Florida. So we've got two towers that are capable of 203 00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:35,840 two launch pads that are capable of sending astronauts to orbit, and this is 204 00:12:35,879 --> 00:12:39,919 going to be great for being able to shift missions between Pad forty and Pad 205 00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:43,639 thirty nine night we've got so this here our first space walk, and so 206 00:12:43,679 --> 00:12:46,200 we've got to redesign the suit so that you can actually move around in it, 207 00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:48,919 and you don't just like, you know, because if you just inflate 208 00:12:48,960 --> 00:12:52,519 the suit, you know, you just basically, you know, you're kind 209 00:12:52,559 --> 00:12:54,120 of like one of those like balloons at a party or something, you know. 210 00:12:54,440 --> 00:12:58,720 So it's it's quite hard to make the to still be mobile in an 211 00:12:58,759 --> 00:13:01,879 inflated suit and have the joints move and stuff. And then we will actually 212 00:13:03,039 --> 00:13:07,039 evacuate the whole spacecraft, so everyone, even those that don't go on the 213 00:13:07,039 --> 00:13:11,639 space walk, will still be in vacuum. So obviously very important that at 214 00:13:11,639 --> 00:13:13,799 work and we don't have like a little hole in the suit or something go 215 00:13:13,039 --> 00:13:16,240 up and around. So but I think, you know, obviously we're gonna 216 00:13:16,240 --> 00:13:18,840 put a lot of testing into this, and there's gonna be another significant milestone, 217 00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:22,960 which is to have a suit where you can be in like the vacuum 218 00:13:22,960 --> 00:13:26,600 of space with just nothing at all and just be out there. It's hard 219 00:13:26,639 --> 00:13:30,320 to it's actually hard to conceive the concept of nothingness. And it's not technically 220 00:13:30,320 --> 00:13:33,399 nothing like this small number of particles per cubic meter, but it's pretty damn 221 00:13:33,440 --> 00:13:37,519 close to nothing. If you lose too much, too much air, too 222 00:13:37,600 --> 00:13:39,840 much oxygen, that's it. There's no place to get oxygen from. So 223 00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:45,720 like an airplane, even at high altitude, can increase, it's the pressurization 224 00:13:45,759 --> 00:13:50,399 pumps and get more atmosphere from. Because in the atmosphere dragon springs an oxygen 225 00:13:50,480 --> 00:13:52,720 leak, and that auction leak is too significant. There is no place to 226 00:13:52,759 --> 00:13:58,240 get oxygen. You're just gonna die. So the requirements for getting everything perfect 227 00:13:58,279 --> 00:14:01,720 are saying it's everything's going to be absolutely perfect to work. We did not, 228 00:14:01,960 --> 00:14:05,399 you know, evolve to live in space. Obviously a tough one, 229 00:14:05,480 --> 00:14:09,519 but this is really going to be another great milestone is to actually have be 230 00:14:09,559 --> 00:14:13,240 able to have someone floating out there, you know, in the vacuum of 231 00:14:13,279 --> 00:14:16,200 space and come back. And we do want to actually have we want to 232 00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:18,919 have a space suit that you can walk around in because if you're on the 233 00:14:18,919 --> 00:14:22,799 Moon, you're you want to be able to walk around the Moon, walk 234 00:14:22,799 --> 00:14:26,679 around a Mars. So having a high mobility space suit that actually isn't crazy 235 00:14:26,720 --> 00:14:31,960 expensive ideally and that you can walk around in comfortably is a big deal. 236 00:14:31,960 --> 00:14:35,720 It's actually an important thing that needs to be developed and ultimately made in large 237 00:14:35,799 --> 00:14:39,720 numbers, because if we send say a million people to Mars, then that's 238 00:14:39,720 --> 00:14:41,799 a million space suits, well a million marsuits that you need, So we'll 239 00:14:41,919 --> 00:14:45,480 have to make a lot of these things and we're atill more Starlink on that 240 00:14:45,559 --> 00:14:48,759 flight. So then coming to Starlink, this is a this is only a 241 00:14:48,799 --> 00:14:52,799 whole separate company, but we're basically building rebuilding Internet in space, which is 242 00:14:52,879 --> 00:14:58,519 pretty wild and now it is I want to have size supplemental to the terrestrial 243 00:14:58,519 --> 00:15:01,240 Internet. Sometimes people think, well, Starlink just going to take over and 244 00:15:01,240 --> 00:15:03,879 destroy all the terrestrial Internet, like it definitely will not. But what it 245 00:15:03,919 --> 00:15:09,879 will do is Starlink will give access to the Internet to people that either don't 246 00:15:09,919 --> 00:15:15,360 have access or where their access is extremely expensive or very bad access. So 247 00:15:15,639 --> 00:15:22,320 this is a massive enabler for improving and enabling people in remote locations to learn 248 00:15:22,399 --> 00:15:26,600 anything like you can basically learn almost anything for free on the internet right now, 249 00:15:26,600 --> 00:15:30,159 Like for example, MIT has all of its lessons on YouTube. You 250 00:15:30,200 --> 00:15:33,759 can learn almost anything if you've got an Internet connection, But if you don't 251 00:15:33,759 --> 00:15:37,279 have an Internet connection, you're limited to I guess book, you know what, 252 00:15:37,399 --> 00:15:39,919 maybe you've got some books or something. But it's a basically starlink is 253 00:15:39,919 --> 00:15:43,480 a game changer for improving people's quality of life around the world. Like it's 254 00:15:43,799 --> 00:15:48,279 this might be the single well, certainly one of the I think it might 255 00:15:48,279 --> 00:15:52,639 be the number one might over time technology that improves people's standard of living around 256 00:15:52,720 --> 00:15:58,120 the world. It's certainly a candidate for potentially being the most profound thing that 257 00:15:58,159 --> 00:16:00,759 actually improves quality of life for people around the world, which would be really 258 00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:04,679 something to be proud of obviously. See and we're now introducing the V two 259 00:16:04,720 --> 00:16:08,799 minis. This is the next generation satellites that we've introducing the constellation. And 260 00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:12,399 yeah, these are twice the capacity of last year or so, from eighty 261 00:16:12,440 --> 00:16:17,279 eight terribuits per second to one hundred and sixty five. And our goal, 262 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:21,240 the biggest, single goal for Starling from a technical standpoint, is to get 263 00:16:21,559 --> 00:16:26,000 the mean latency below twenty mints, so that would that actually makes it's for 264 00:16:26,399 --> 00:16:29,840 immediacy of for actually the quality of Internet experience. This is actually a really 265 00:16:29,879 --> 00:16:33,000 big deal. Also, if you play video games like I sometimes do, 266 00:16:33,360 --> 00:16:37,039 this is also important otherwise you lose. So this is anyway, so that's 267 00:16:37,039 --> 00:16:41,200 actually a very hard problem. But because we're low with orbit constellation, the 268 00:16:41,240 --> 00:16:44,559 speed of light is what do you think the speed of light is three hundred 269 00:16:44,679 --> 00:16:48,639 kilometers per milesecond, So if we're at five fifty kilometers, figure it like 270 00:16:48,759 --> 00:16:52,720 roughly two milliseconds up, two milliseconds down. So if you go up, 271 00:16:52,759 --> 00:16:56,600 down, up, down to eight milliseconds speed a light limitation and then almost 272 00:16:56,639 --> 00:17:00,440 everything else we can actually address, like we can't go fast those of light 273 00:17:00,679 --> 00:17:03,039 yet, you know, but noah, probably ever, but we can get 274 00:17:03,079 --> 00:17:08,839 the rest of the time I think below blow ten milliseconds and so then basically 275 00:17:08,880 --> 00:17:14,240 it'll be a more responsive than ground internet in most cases, which is really 276 00:17:14,240 --> 00:17:17,839 what we're after here. So yeah, this is really amazing work. We 277 00:17:17,920 --> 00:17:22,519 also have now launched the Argone hole thrusters, which are very low cost and 278 00:17:22,680 --> 00:17:27,279 use Argone, which is plentiful. So we've gone from using Krypton, which 279 00:17:27,319 --> 00:17:30,680 is not that rare. I mean if Superman did come here and be like, 280 00:17:30,839 --> 00:17:33,559 you can get some krypton, you know, and squirt gun or something 281 00:17:33,640 --> 00:17:36,839 like that. Okay, now what krypton is a noble gas. That is, 282 00:17:37,519 --> 00:17:41,319 it's moderately rare, But we would actually be using a huge percentage of 283 00:17:41,319 --> 00:17:45,200 the world's krypton if we were launching that with the Gen two satellites. And 284 00:17:45,240 --> 00:17:48,920 so we moved to argon and ar gone Is is actually extremely plentiful. In 285 00:17:48,920 --> 00:17:52,400 fact, right now you are breathing approximately one percent argon, So ar gone 286 00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:56,119 Is there's a lot of argne. But this is really the I think, 287 00:17:56,240 --> 00:18:00,799 the first significant argne whole thruster and certainly by far the most cost efficient and 288 00:18:02,039 --> 00:18:06,119 most power efficient, and a really great job by the Starling team to create 289 00:18:06,319 --> 00:18:11,039 this thruster and many other upgrades to the in space laser stuff. I mean, 290 00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:15,559 so this is by far. I think we're now sent at least one 291 00:18:15,599 --> 00:18:19,200 thousand times more data, maybe ten thousand times more data over laser links in 292 00:18:19,279 --> 00:18:23,119 space than any other system before. I think it will soon be like a 293 00:18:23,119 --> 00:18:29,039 million times more data transferred, maybe more than that through the starlink laser interconnects 294 00:18:29,079 --> 00:18:32,640 between the satellites. So we now have nine thousand active space lasers, so 295 00:18:32,920 --> 00:18:36,440 sort of vaguely reminds me of Doctor Evil, you know, lasers from space. 296 00:18:36,720 --> 00:18:37,680 Actually, well, I guess I made that joke a long time ago. 297 00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:41,640 It's like Dragon does have light. Art has like a laser for you 298 00:18:41,640 --> 00:18:45,359 know, document the space station. So like dragons with lasers, I mean 299 00:18:45,440 --> 00:18:48,440 like it'd be better than shocks with lasers. And each link, each laser 300 00:18:48,440 --> 00:18:52,799 link is capable of one hundred gigabus per second and we're looking to increase that. 301 00:18:52,920 --> 00:18:56,319 So let's see. This is an animation of all the places where starlink 302 00:18:56,440 --> 00:19:00,079 is active. So obviously a lot of the Stallink activations depend on country approvals. 303 00:19:00,160 --> 00:19:03,279 So as we are able to get a country approval, then you see 304 00:19:03,559 --> 00:19:07,680 rapid adoption within a country, and hopefully we'll get to most countries. Most 305 00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:11,759 of the rest of the countries will get the approval hopefully this year, and 306 00:19:11,880 --> 00:19:17,480 we'll be able to go almost worldwide. Some countries are probably unlikely to approve 307 00:19:17,519 --> 00:19:19,880 our system, but most countries we think we should be able to get to, 308 00:19:21,200 --> 00:19:23,559 and our goal this year is to activate service in more than half of 309 00:19:23,599 --> 00:19:26,680 the world's population, so that would be every fantastic but I do want to 310 00:19:26,720 --> 00:19:33,680 emphasize because we are going to put this presentation online, is supplemental to terrestrial 311 00:19:33,839 --> 00:19:41,160 internet, does not replace it. So it does really well for low population 312 00:19:41,240 --> 00:19:45,359 density areas, but it is really not going to be competitive in high density 313 00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:49,559 cities or it's really low density situations, which is really where the need is. 314 00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:55,000 So anyway, it works well with other Internet providers, is what I'm 315 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:57,000 saying. Then we've got community gateways. I'm told this is a town called 316 00:19:57,039 --> 00:20:03,240 Analaska's a real place. So we're a lot more gateways down as we increase 317 00:20:03,279 --> 00:20:06,559 the number of gateways. That improves latency. We've now shipped our next gen 318 00:20:06,680 --> 00:20:10,920 hardware that's version four of User Terminal, so that allows us to lower the 319 00:20:10,960 --> 00:20:15,680 cost of Starling. And we'll be introducing the stalling many later this year which 320 00:20:15,759 --> 00:20:18,599 can fit in a backpack, so that'll be pretty cool for anyone who wants 321 00:20:18,720 --> 00:20:23,759 very portable Starling. And then we just opened our stalling factory in Bashrup, 322 00:20:23,839 --> 00:20:26,839 Texas. So that's just a little you know, about twenty minutes away from 323 00:20:26,839 --> 00:20:30,519 Houston. And this is this is gonna be. Yeah, I guess some 324 00:20:30,559 --> 00:20:33,119 of you guys are part of that. Yeah, in general, we're gonna 325 00:20:33,119 --> 00:20:37,079 We're gonna have like a massive round of applause for Starling, that is for 326 00:20:37,119 --> 00:20:40,599 sure, because it's like the achievement level there is amazing. Actually, let 327 00:20:40,680 --> 00:20:42,599 let's just have a mass around a flow. It's like, goddamn, it's 328 00:20:42,599 --> 00:20:45,599 hard to clap with this thing. Yeah, this is the stalling achievements are 329 00:20:45,839 --> 00:20:51,680 really mind blowing. So it's like the stalling system is an anomaly in the 330 00:20:51,680 --> 00:20:55,799 matrix. And then we also just recently launched our first director sell satellites, 331 00:20:56,039 --> 00:21:00,960 and we were able to send text messages directly from a phone to the satellite 332 00:21:00,079 --> 00:21:04,079 and then back down again. So we did intentionally bespell these things, by 333 00:21:04,119 --> 00:21:07,519 the way, So although actually when I first saw it, I was like, 334 00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:10,519 is this real? Be terms that is in fact real? This is 335 00:21:10,799 --> 00:21:14,640 yeah some doze cooin jokes basically, so yeah, And anyway, so it's 336 00:21:14,720 --> 00:21:18,160 kind of amazing that you can actually close the link between a phone in your 337 00:21:18,200 --> 00:21:22,480 hand and a satellite that's hundreds of miles away, and the satellite can hear 338 00:21:22,519 --> 00:21:26,519 the tiny signal that your phone is outputting, which is like such a faint 339 00:21:26,519 --> 00:21:30,519 whisper it's ridiculous, but it can actually somehow hear that faint, whisper and 340 00:21:30,799 --> 00:21:34,039 be able to communicate with a phone. Is I think it's one of those 341 00:21:34,079 --> 00:21:37,079 things like I would say, is that actually physically possible? But it is 342 00:21:37,200 --> 00:21:42,240 now I do want to size this is also a not a competitor to phone 343 00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:45,680 companies. This is something that will be supplemental. So it's going to be 344 00:21:45,799 --> 00:21:49,519 very helpful for remote areas where there's no cell connectivity, or once in a 345 00:21:49,559 --> 00:21:52,839 while within a city. If there is a place that has no connectivity within 346 00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:56,880 a city, then Stonik will be able to communicate with phones. But it's 347 00:21:57,000 --> 00:22:00,880 I think it's something on the order of seven megabus per second within a cell, 348 00:22:02,119 --> 00:22:06,119 and the cells are hundreds of square miles or kilometers in size, so 349 00:22:06,519 --> 00:22:11,480 it's really it's good for text messages. You could technically do video if you're 350 00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:15,200 the only one or if there's only a few people in that cell, like 351 00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:18,200 if you're in the middle of the Pacific or something like that, then but 352 00:22:18,279 --> 00:22:21,319 it is something that is going to be very helpful and well I think save 353 00:22:21,440 --> 00:22:23,480 lives of people. You know, if somebody's sort of hiking in a remote 354 00:22:23,519 --> 00:22:27,160 region and they get lost, well, now their phone could actually work, 355 00:22:27,240 --> 00:22:30,880 and it could I think it will actually save a lot of lives, which 356 00:22:30,920 --> 00:22:33,799 is cool. And then we have seven announced partnerships. So we've got T 357 00:22:33,920 --> 00:22:37,640 Mobile in the US, Rogers in Canada, Optists in Australia, one New 358 00:22:37,720 --> 00:22:42,759 Zealand, Assaulting in Switzerland, KDDI in Japan, and Intel in Chile and 359 00:22:42,799 --> 00:22:47,720 Peru. So and we expect to announce a number of other telco partnerships this 360 00:22:47,799 --> 00:22:51,799 year. So this is definitely something where we're again in partnership with telcos. 361 00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:53,200 I just basically don't want Telcos to get really mad at us. That's what 362 00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:56,960 I'm what I'm saying, you know, we want to be support to telcos. 363 00:22:56,000 --> 00:23:00,440 And then of course this is slow down a little. But that launch 364 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:03,440 did take a while to get off the pad that took off, I was 365 00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:07,319 like, wow, I can't believe it took off as my reaction. So 366 00:23:07,000 --> 00:23:12,640 it gets incredible that we took off twice last year. Even though I've been 367 00:23:12,960 --> 00:23:17,319 very you know, closely you know, involved with the Starship program from the 368 00:23:17,359 --> 00:23:19,720 beginning and actually like I lived out here, this is my primary residence for 369 00:23:19,720 --> 00:23:23,079 three years. This used to be a sandbar basically what we're looking at here, 370 00:23:23,200 --> 00:23:27,799 and now it's got an advanced rocket factory and a gigantic launch pad, 371 00:23:27,839 --> 00:23:32,480 and we've got a whole bunch of rockets out there. But I still amazed 372 00:23:32,680 --> 00:23:36,240 that it actually got put together and it took off. I'm like, wow. 373 00:23:36,440 --> 00:23:40,599 I mean, the starship is more than twice the thrust of a Saturn 374 00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:44,960 five. It is by far the biggest flying object ever made, and for 375 00:23:45,319 --> 00:23:48,200 you know, with with some upgrades down the road, it'll actually be I 376 00:23:48,200 --> 00:23:51,720 think probably over twenty million pounds of thrust and Saturn five is seven and a 377 00:23:51,759 --> 00:23:55,240 half, so it'll end up being three times to thrust a Saturn and it's 378 00:23:55,240 --> 00:23:56,839 gonna fly a lot. It has to fly a lot, so it's gonna 379 00:23:56,920 --> 00:24:00,599 end up flying several times a day from many different locations in the world. 380 00:24:00,799 --> 00:24:04,359 And I think there's a pretty good chance that it does Earth to Earth transport 381 00:24:04,359 --> 00:24:07,920 as well, because the fastest way to get from one place to another on 382 00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:10,640 Earth is you know, to get from here to the other side of Earth 383 00:24:10,799 --> 00:24:14,680 is an intercontinental ballistic missile, but just make sure you delete the nuke and 384 00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:18,200 add the landing part. Basically it's the fastest way to get somewhere. Yeah. 385 00:24:18,279 --> 00:24:21,680 Wow. And then between flight one and two, we made a number 386 00:24:21,680 --> 00:24:25,680 of massive upgrades. So the it was obviously a massive upgrade to the launch 387 00:24:25,720 --> 00:24:27,440 pad. So we've got like in many Niagara falls, here, the water 388 00:24:27,480 --> 00:24:32,039 pressure is so much that if it went straight up, it would actually destroy 389 00:24:32,079 --> 00:24:33,759 the rocket. That's how much water pressure it is. So it's like wow, 390 00:24:34,039 --> 00:24:37,680 and it worked like actually it went looked at. One of the first 391 00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:41,799 things I went looked at after the second launch was to check out the launch 392 00:24:41,799 --> 00:24:44,799 pad because obviously after the first launch we dug a pretty big hole and and 393 00:24:45,160 --> 00:24:48,240 honestly, it looked like you could just it looked like there was no damage 394 00:24:48,240 --> 00:24:51,960 at all, like you could just launch a game basically for the pad itself. 395 00:24:52,079 --> 00:24:56,880 So it's great work by the team to radically improve the launch pad overnight. 396 00:24:56,920 --> 00:24:59,400 People always like want to use the Statue of Liberty for stuff. Statual 397 00:24:59,400 --> 00:25:00,559 Liberty is not that big. I was like, I was like, been 398 00:25:00,599 --> 00:25:03,559 there. I actually climbed up the Statue of Liberty in the tiny staircase a 399 00:25:03,559 --> 00:25:07,599 long time ago. But anyway, this is a big rocket and we'll get 400 00:25:07,799 --> 00:25:10,759 bigger over time. Yeah, so that's I don't know, if you guys 401 00:25:10,799 --> 00:25:14,799 watched the cong versus Godzilla, it's like one of the most insane movies I've 402 00:25:14,799 --> 00:25:18,160 ever seen, but it's like kind of entertaining and it's sheer madness. And 403 00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:21,960 the crazy thing is that that a launch tower is bigger than Mecaso and it's 404 00:25:21,960 --> 00:25:23,400 gonna do basically like the same thing, but with the arms, you know, 405 00:25:23,599 --> 00:25:26,400 catch the rocket and tell people like, yeah, we're gonna catch the 406 00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:32,839 largest flying object ever with giant mechanical arms. They're like, there's no way 407 00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:34,359 that's real. I mean, we could give it legs too, just give 408 00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:38,920 it legs and have it drump around. That'd be pretty cool. And then 409 00:25:38,960 --> 00:25:45,880 we're also gonna build the second tower. Uh yeah, this is We're gonna 410 00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:48,920 really be launching a lot and up and we're gonna be upgrading one tower while 411 00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:52,759 we launched from another tower. So two towers is important, and there was 412 00:25:52,880 --> 00:25:56,960 there are actually so many upgrades between flight one and two that it would actually 413 00:25:56,960 --> 00:26:00,359 take it like hours to go through the mall. But one of the biggest 414 00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:06,279 upgrades was going from a hydraulic to electric of the engines, so that actually 415 00:26:06,680 --> 00:26:10,559 saved a lot of mass and complexity. So yeah, the electric TVC, 416 00:26:10,759 --> 00:26:12,359 I mean, it was just that this is one of the biggest upgrades we're 417 00:26:12,359 --> 00:26:17,640 also massively upgraded the heat field. The engines themselves were massally upgradedally, literally 418 00:26:17,680 --> 00:26:22,000 everything on the rocket was like there might have been thousands of upgrades between flight 419 00:26:22,079 --> 00:26:26,119 one and two, so really gigantic improved between flight one and two, and 420 00:26:26,480 --> 00:26:30,200 also obviously many improvements between flight two and three. And then we've got a 421 00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:33,440 whole development plan to, like I said, ultimately get to a fully reusable 422 00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:37,640 rocket that does over two hundred tons to orbit on a regular basis, full 423 00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:41,440 reusability. Yeah. Hot staging, I mean, hot staging was a change 424 00:26:41,480 --> 00:26:45,119 that was basically, I don't know, I just really within the space of 425 00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:48,359 like three or four months maybe less, going from or roughly that, going 426 00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:53,759 from previously just separating the rocket without anything to actually lighting the upper stage engines 427 00:26:55,119 --> 00:26:57,880 while the first stage engines are still thrusting and not blowing up the ship, 428 00:26:59,079 --> 00:27:03,200 which is that was an amazing achievement. So I was like, Wow, that's an