WEBVTT 1 00:00:04.200 --> 00:00:09.279 He's known by many names, the deceiver, the slanderer, the tempter, 2 00:00:09.800 --> 00:00:14.240 the serpent, the great Dragon, the evil One, the many handed One, 3 00:00:14.359 --> 00:00:19.480 the Father of Lies, El Diablo, Iblis, Beelzebov, Beliel, 4 00:00:19.640 --> 00:00:24.199 Mephistopheles, Apollyon, Lucifer, Lord of Darkness, Prince of Hell, Old 5 00:00:24.280 --> 00:00:28.760 scratch, Old nick Old, Harry, slew Foot, split Foot, Jimmy 6 00:00:28.920 --> 00:00:35.679 square Foot, Satan, and an unholy host more. But most are content 7 00:00:35.799 --> 00:00:47.039 with just the Devil, a figure referenced all over the world. The entity 8 00:00:47.159 --> 00:00:50.880 known as the Devil is said to be the source of woe and ruin for 9 00:00:51.039 --> 00:00:56.799 us all. He is feared, cursed, avoided, and sometimes defeated in 10 00:00:56.840 --> 00:01:00.799 fiddle contests. But he's always up to some of no good, and always 11 00:01:00.840 --> 00:01:07.799 ready to strike those not vigilant in guarding against his tricks. Or so it's 12 00:01:07.840 --> 00:01:12.959 taught. But where did this embodiment of ultimate evil come from? And why 13 00:01:14.159 --> 00:01:18.599 do so many fear the goat legged, horned, bat winged, forked, 14 00:01:18.719 --> 00:01:23.480 tongued, pointy tailed, red complexioned man, And why do so many dance 15 00:01:23.560 --> 00:01:26.920 with him, run with him, shout at him, raise him, chase 16 00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:32.319 him, turn and face him. This is not the greatest blurry photos episode 17 00:01:32.359 --> 00:02:00.840 in the world. No, this is just a tribute. Everyone. Welcome 18 00:02:00.879 --> 00:02:05.560 to Blurry Photos. I'm your host, David Flora. Welcome in. Make 19 00:02:05.599 --> 00:02:08.800 yourself nice and comfy. We have a ton of ground to cover on this 20 00:02:08.960 --> 00:02:13.719 two part episode. This is one many of you know I've been working on 21 00:02:13.879 --> 00:02:17.919 for months, and it's a topic I've been more and more curious about as 22 00:02:17.960 --> 00:02:23.080 I've learned more and more comparative mythology over the years. And that is the 23 00:02:23.280 --> 00:02:28.599 topic of the history of the Devil. And this is primarily the Christian devil 24 00:02:28.759 --> 00:02:34.520 aka Satan, aka Lucifer, aka none of the above, which we'll get 25 00:02:34.599 --> 00:02:38.000 to. And I'm excited to share my research with you guys about this figure 26 00:02:38.159 --> 00:02:43.919 of religion, which I'll go ahead and say seems to be one hundred percent 27 00:02:44.479 --> 00:02:50.280 misunderstood in our current time period and culture. I have read a couple books 28 00:02:50.400 --> 00:02:53.919 in the research which I'll be pulling a lot of sighted info from, including 29 00:02:53.439 --> 00:02:59.919 Gerald Massardier's A History of the Devil and the Birth of Satan Tracing the Devil's 30 00:03:00.000 --> 00:03:05.280 Biblical Roots by T. J. Ray and Gregory Mobley. Both are excellent 31 00:03:05.360 --> 00:03:09.680 reads, certainly different from each other, but incredibly insightful in an academic style. 32 00:03:10.919 --> 00:03:15.080 I also spoke with Jason from the Dragons and Genesis podcast. He'll be 33 00:03:15.159 --> 00:03:21.080 shown up here and there throughout the episode a quick audiobook update and film update, 34 00:03:21.159 --> 00:03:24.159 and then we'll get started. Volumes one, two, and three of 35 00:03:24.560 --> 00:03:30.280 It Stalked Me by Tom Lyons are now available on Audible. Those are my 36 00:03:30.479 --> 00:03:36.919 newest audiobook offerings to go along with Bigfoot Frightening Encounters and the ever popular Living 37 00:03:36.960 --> 00:03:40.120 among Bigfoot series, all by Tom Lyons, so check those out when you 38 00:03:40.199 --> 00:03:45.960 get a chance. You should be able to get a free audiobook download by 39 00:03:46.039 --> 00:03:51.759 going to audibletrial dot com, slash blurry or by visiting blurry photos dot org 40 00:03:52.240 --> 00:03:57.080 and scrolling down until you see the link to get yourself a free audiobook and 41 00:03:57.240 --> 00:04:00.039 a thirty day trial membership, which you can can so any time, but 42 00:04:00.360 --> 00:04:03.680 you get to keep the free audio book they give you, so feel free 43 00:04:03.719 --> 00:04:06.800 to use it for any of those titles I just mentioned, or go out 44 00:04:06.800 --> 00:04:10.599 and get yourself whatever you want. I'm not the police of you, and 45 00:04:10.840 --> 00:04:15.280 Shadows in the Desert is still waiting to be sold for distribution. Derek said 46 00:04:15.319 --> 00:04:20.000 his contact has spoken to studios like ten ninety one, Bloody Disgusting and Discovery 47 00:04:20.079 --> 00:04:25.480 Channel, so we're hoping to get a meeting very soon. And we are 48 00:04:25.600 --> 00:04:30.680 now into creating the bonus content for the Blue Rays, and apparently you can 49 00:04:30.720 --> 00:04:33.959 get bonus content on digital streaming platforms now. In fact, we just had 50 00:04:34.000 --> 00:04:39.040 a meeting yesterday to talk about all the stuff we wanted to include as bonus 51 00:04:39.160 --> 00:04:44.959 material. So it's agonizingly slow, but it is moving forward, and judging 52 00:04:45.079 --> 00:04:48.519 from how impatient I am right now, I can only imagine how you guys 53 00:04:48.600 --> 00:04:53.600 feel, and I sympathize with you and appreciate your patients with this process. 54 00:04:54.600 --> 00:04:59.160 Back to the entity of the hour the devil. The base image i'd like 55 00:04:59.279 --> 00:05:01.319 us to start with a is that of the goat legged, horned, goated, 56 00:05:01.480 --> 00:05:08.720 winged, pointy tailed, and forked tongued troublemaker with red skin who delights 57 00:05:08.800 --> 00:05:14.160 in tormenting humans, collecting souls, inciting all kinds of evil, and playing 58 00:05:14.160 --> 00:05:16.560 a random violin. Here and there, we'll get into lots of that stuff, 59 00:05:16.759 --> 00:05:21.040 like maybe he's not just a red devil. Maybe he's a slick haired, 60 00:05:21.199 --> 00:05:27.079 handsomeman in a sharp suit. Or and bear with me on this one, 61 00:05:27.319 --> 00:05:30.800 maybe he's neither. Maybe there's a lot more to think about and consider. 62 00:05:30.959 --> 00:05:35.319 So I'll ask a huge favor of you, and that's to leave your 63 00:05:35.360 --> 00:05:40.560 preconceptions at the door, put aside what you've been taught, what you've heard, 64 00:05:40.720 --> 00:05:44.959 even what you believe, and listen to the information I'm going to present 65 00:05:45.480 --> 00:05:49.519 with a completely open mind. I'm going to give you a historical and academic 66 00:05:49.639 --> 00:05:56.399 presentation of facts I've researched with as little sarcasm or snark as I can muster. 67 00:05:57.160 --> 00:05:59.839 Spoiler alert, there's going to be a little bit just to break things, 68 00:06:00.319 --> 00:06:02.439 but at the end I'll offer a bit of my opinion on it, 69 00:06:02.879 --> 00:06:09.439 although I'm mainly interested in passing along historical context and scholarship so that you can 70 00:06:09.519 --> 00:06:13.399 have the most complete picture of the Devil you never knew you needed, and 71 00:06:13.600 --> 00:06:16.720 then you're free to form whatever opinion of your own you'd like. I find 72 00:06:16.759 --> 00:06:20.959 this stuff terribly fascinating, and I hope you will too. In this two 73 00:06:21.079 --> 00:06:25.839 part episode, I'll be covering the earliest mentions we have of the Devil, 74 00:06:26.199 --> 00:06:30.600 including some sources of inspiration, starting with the lore of the ancient Near East 75 00:06:30.040 --> 00:06:34.240 Jewish literature and the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. We'll jump into some 76 00:06:34.360 --> 00:06:41.000 more sources of inspiration, then with Zoroastrianism and mythology from Babylon and Mesopotamia. 77 00:06:41.560 --> 00:06:46.079 Then we'll circle back to the Christian New Testament with some important info about the 78 00:06:46.240 --> 00:06:50.000 Intertestamental period, and you'll start to see how the figure takes shape and begins 79 00:06:50.079 --> 00:06:55.120 coming into its own. That'll be our first part. In part two, 80 00:06:55.480 --> 00:07:00.199 I'll be discussing the Devil and other cultures, and this is where it's a 81 00:07:00.199 --> 00:07:03.920 little murky, but still interesting. Each culture has some kind of take on 82 00:07:04.120 --> 00:07:09.560 evil, even if that take is that there is no evil, and I'll 83 00:07:09.639 --> 00:07:12.199 highlight a few of those for you in the hopes of giving a more well 84 00:07:12.319 --> 00:07:16.160 rounded experience. Then we'll talk about the many names of the Devil. We'll 85 00:07:16.160 --> 00:07:19.360 see if we can track down the origins and backstories of some of the more 86 00:07:19.399 --> 00:07:24.720 well known ones. I'll then tackle the Devil in modernity and bring us into 87 00:07:24.759 --> 00:07:28.680 the twenty first century with how the Devil got his looks and the popularity he 88 00:07:28.800 --> 00:07:33.120 enjoys in pop culture over the years. Finally, I'll have a conclusion section 89 00:07:33.199 --> 00:07:39.680 where I hope to point out some philosophical, sociological, and contextual aspects of 90 00:07:39.759 --> 00:07:44.519 this figure based on the information presented. I'll end with my thoughts and try 91 00:07:44.560 --> 00:07:47.199 to keep them as short as I can, because this episode is not about 92 00:07:47.439 --> 00:07:54.399 what I think. It's about bringing history and context to a concept rarely discussed 93 00:07:54.759 --> 00:08:00.879 academically. After researching this, I fully believe it's better the devil you know 94 00:08:01.360 --> 00:08:05.439 than the one you don't. So adopt a devil may care attitude, because 95 00:08:05.480 --> 00:08:07.920 we're going to give the devil as due and trust me, we're going to 96 00:08:07.959 --> 00:08:18.439 have a devil in the town. Thus I clothe my naked villany with odd 97 00:08:18.519 --> 00:08:24.480 old inns stolen out of Holy writ it, and seem a saint when most 98 00:08:24.879 --> 00:08:35.840 I play the devil Richard the Third Shakespeare's Richard the Third. If someone asks 99 00:08:35.879 --> 00:08:39.320 you what the earliest appearance of the devil is, what springs to mind? 100 00:08:39.159 --> 00:08:43.919 Would it be Genesis Chapter three, when the serpent tempted Eve to eat the 101 00:08:43.960 --> 00:08:48.480 apple in the garden of Eden. While Satan has mentioned several times in the 102 00:08:48.559 --> 00:08:54.480 Bible culminating with a full realization of maleficence in the Book of Revelation, Genesis 103 00:08:54.320 --> 00:08:58.440 was not actually one of those times. This is a point I'll circle back 104 00:08:58.480 --> 00:09:03.279 to later, but I'd like to take a step back from the scripture for 105 00:09:03.360 --> 00:09:07.720 a moment to point out something. The author of Genesis, thought to be 106 00:09:07.759 --> 00:09:13.159 written around the sixth century BC, describes a paradise where sickness, death, 107 00:09:13.360 --> 00:09:18.720 and sin were unknown. However, just three short chapters into the book, 108 00:09:18.320 --> 00:09:26.799 temptation, disobedience, and punishment suddenly appear in God's perfect creation. When King 109 00:09:26.000 --> 00:09:31.039 kills Abel in chapter four, it's clear something's up, and it sure seems 110 00:09:31.120 --> 00:09:37.039 like evil is afoot. At the time of its writing, most cults were 111 00:09:37.120 --> 00:09:41.039 henotheistic, meaning they worshiped a single god but did not deny the existence of 112 00:09:41.120 --> 00:09:46.240 other gods. In Vedic religion, the Rigveda mentioned several gods that had a 113 00:09:46.360 --> 00:09:52.639 unitary essence. Zoroastrianism followed a hiromazda, but allowed for minor gods and goddesses 114 00:09:52.720 --> 00:09:58.080 to exist and also be worshiped. Followers of Yahwism, the worship of the 115 00:09:58.120 --> 00:10:03.559 god Yahweh in Israel, recognize the regional gods around them, including the Canaanite 116 00:10:03.559 --> 00:10:09.600 pantheon headed by the chief god l So one might think there would be a 117 00:10:09.679 --> 00:10:13.320 chief god of evil they could point too and blame for spoiling the garden of 118 00:10:13.399 --> 00:10:16.840 earthly delights. We find in Genesis, thus opening the door for Satan to 119 00:10:18.000 --> 00:10:22.600 stroll right on through. But this doesn't seem to be the case again. 120 00:10:22.679 --> 00:10:26.879 I'll come back to our serpentine friend later. But in fact, the first 121 00:10:26.919 --> 00:10:31.120 time we get the words Satan in writing is in the fourth Book of the 122 00:10:31.200 --> 00:10:35.559 Old Testament, Numbers, chapter twenty two, verse twenty two. But the 123 00:10:35.679 --> 00:10:41.320 anger of God was kindled as Balem was going, and the Malahashem, the 124 00:10:41.440 --> 00:10:46.679 Angel of God, stood in the road Satan against him. This does not 125 00:10:46.840 --> 00:10:52.559 mean Hell's chief himself challenged Balum and the donkey he wrote in on Satan in 126 00:10:52.639 --> 00:10:56.320 this case and indeed for all cases in the Old Testament, is a noun 127 00:10:56.679 --> 00:11:01.679 meaning adversary, opponent, or accuser, and comes from a verb meaning to 128 00:11:01.960 --> 00:11:07.960 stop, oppose, or obstruct. It was written as just Satan many times 129 00:11:09.240 --> 00:11:13.559 in numbers first and second Samuel and first Kings, and sometimes written with the 130 00:11:13.679 --> 00:11:22.159 definite article ha, meaning the In Job and Zachariah, its use signified a 131 00:11:22.279 --> 00:11:26.519 role or a job as opposed to a singular being. You could translate Hacitan 132 00:11:26.759 --> 00:11:33.360 as the opponent or the adversary. Jason reinforces this point in the details of 133 00:11:33.440 --> 00:11:39.799 the Book of Job. The earliest depictions that we have of Satan aren't of 134 00:11:41.159 --> 00:11:46.080 a bad guy, They're not of an evil figure. So we see one 135 00:11:46.159 --> 00:11:52.080 depiction of Satan in the opening chapters of the Book of Job, and there 136 00:11:52.440 --> 00:11:56.799 the character isn't an individual per se, it's more of a job title. 137 00:11:58.360 --> 00:12:03.720 Yahweh is sitting in the Divine Counsel along with all of the other sons of 138 00:12:03.879 --> 00:12:09.360 God, and among them is a representative called a Satan or a Hasatan, 139 00:12:11.519 --> 00:12:16.000 and he's just come up from Earth, where he's basically been patrolling looking for 140 00:12:16.279 --> 00:12:24.000 wicked people. And Yahweh asks this Hasatan, which is a job title, 141 00:12:24.080 --> 00:12:30.399 not a specific name, if he has encountered Job, who is a faithful 142 00:12:30.480 --> 00:12:39.559 servant, and this Satan figure basically replies that Job is only faithful because he's 143 00:12:39.600 --> 00:12:43.799 been given everything, you know, everything he has has pretty much been handed 144 00:12:43.799 --> 00:12:48.840 to him, and he has this cushy life. He's very prosperous. He 145 00:12:48.960 --> 00:12:54.000 has all this land and livestock and perfect health and everything else. And he 146 00:12:54.440 --> 00:13:01.159 essentially tells Yahweh that if some of that were taken away, then Job would 147 00:13:01.440 --> 00:13:07.799 turn around and curse Yahweh to his face. So Yahweh gives this this figure 148 00:13:09.600 --> 00:13:15.879 the Hasatan permission to test Job, but he gives him certain restrictions. He's 149 00:13:15.960 --> 00:13:20.200 not allowed to attack him personally or to take his life. And so the 150 00:13:20.639 --> 00:13:30.200 this Satan character he goes down and he gets in there to basically take away 151 00:13:30.399 --> 00:13:35.360 his property and his family, and so Job's children die, a bunch of 152 00:13:35.399 --> 00:13:39.679 his servants die, his livestock is wiped out, a bunch of his property 153 00:13:39.799 --> 00:13:46.559 is destroyed, and he's still faithful. So then the whole scene basically repeats 154 00:13:46.679 --> 00:13:50.399 there. You know, the Satan is up in heaven. He's talking to 155 00:13:50.480 --> 00:13:54.679 Yahweh and he's like, okay, but look, he's only faithful because you 156 00:13:54.840 --> 00:13:58.960 placed these restrictions on me. You didn't let me take the gloves off, 157 00:13:58.200 --> 00:14:03.799 let me attack you personally. And Yeah's like okay, but you can't take 158 00:14:03.919 --> 00:14:09.480 his life. So then he goes down and he afflicts Job with all of 159 00:14:09.600 --> 00:14:13.840 these horrible conditions. You know, he has like a skin rash and just 160 00:14:13.960 --> 00:14:20.159 all sorts of things, and so his health has drastically declined, but he's 161 00:14:20.159 --> 00:14:24.679 still alive and he continues to praise Yahweh. He's like, well, I 162 00:14:26.039 --> 00:14:28.840 don't really know why this is happening, but there must be a reason, 163 00:14:31.360 --> 00:14:35.519 and then the thing goes into the whole big set of dialogues which makes up 164 00:14:35.559 --> 00:14:39.639 the body of the Book of Job. But the depiction of this character, 165 00:14:39.720 --> 00:14:46.840 he wasn't an opponent of Yahweh. He is essentially like an undercover agent. 166 00:14:46.440 --> 00:14:52.120 He's there to test the will of people, you know, to find out 167 00:14:52.159 --> 00:14:56.240 what they're truly made of. And the name you know, which basically means 168 00:14:56.240 --> 00:15:01.159 an adversary or an opponent, it doesn't mean he's an opponent of God. 169 00:15:01.679 --> 00:15:07.919 He works for God, he is he's basically just set as someone's opponent. 170 00:15:09.440 --> 00:15:13.519 In this case, he's being Job's opponent. And we see this elsewhere in 171 00:15:13.559 --> 00:15:22.039 the Bible where the name you know, this name Satan or Hastaitan can basically 172 00:15:22.120 --> 00:15:28.480 just mean any opponent, and it's even talked about in the first Book of 173 00:15:28.519 --> 00:15:33.799 Samuel, where David could be a satan to King Saul. It doesn't mean 174 00:15:33.840 --> 00:15:37.720 that he's going to be evil. It means that he could become a political 175 00:15:37.879 --> 00:15:45.200 rifle, which eventually he does. And so it doesn't mean that someone is 176 00:15:45.240 --> 00:15:50.399 evil. It just means that they're an antagonist towards you for whatever reason. 177 00:15:50.600 --> 00:15:56.480 And this is what these angels serve and They're essentially there to be placed in 178 00:15:56.600 --> 00:16:03.840 someone's path to prevent them from doing something, to prevent them from getting by 179 00:16:04.080 --> 00:16:10.279 with some sort of falsehood, like a false belief, proclaiming that they're just 180 00:16:10.759 --> 00:16:15.080 and pious when an actuality they're not. And that's the purpose of him. 181 00:16:15.159 --> 00:16:23.200 In the Book of Joke we see how a satan's role in the Hebrew Bible 182 00:16:23.440 --> 00:16:30.159 is one of opposition and obstruction and little else. In fact, as Jason 183 00:16:30.200 --> 00:16:36.240 said, Satan's worked directly with and for God. As Gerald Massie says in 184 00:16:36.399 --> 00:16:40.679 his work A History of the Devil quote, Satan is thus the instrument of 185 00:16:40.799 --> 00:16:45.600 the deity end quote. Other Old Testament appearances of the term satan appear in 186 00:16:45.720 --> 00:16:52.600 conjunction with King David and King Solomon. First Samuel twenty nine four sees the 187 00:16:52.639 --> 00:16:57.399 Philistines send David away from their ranks during wartime for fear that he may turn 188 00:16:57.480 --> 00:17:02.399 again to his home which thou hast assigned him, and let him not go 189 00:17:02.639 --> 00:17:06.240 down with us to battle, lest in the battle he be as satan to 190 00:17:06.400 --> 00:17:10.279 us. In other words, get this guy out of here, so he's 191 00:17:10.319 --> 00:17:15.079 not in the way or a hindrance to us. In Second Samuel nineteen twenty 192 00:17:15.119 --> 00:17:19.000 two, David is restored as king after a rebellion and customarily swore an oath 193 00:17:19.480 --> 00:17:26.000 not to execute a man who had cursed David. Previously a military leader by 194 00:17:26.000 --> 00:17:30.559 the name of Abishai wanted death for the man, and David said, what 195 00:17:30.720 --> 00:17:33.920 have I to do with you, ye, sons of Zeroya, that ye 196 00:17:33.000 --> 00:17:38.359 should this day be as satan unto me, saying why are you going against 197 00:17:38.440 --> 00:17:41.559 my word here in front of everybody? What are you this guy's lawyer? 198 00:17:41.640 --> 00:17:47.680 Now? In first Kings, Solomon speaks of the times being good to build 199 00:17:47.680 --> 00:17:52.559 a temple to God, saying, but now Hashim Melohai have given me rest 200 00:17:52.640 --> 00:17:59.680 on every side, so that there is neither satan nor peggara misfortune. Later 201 00:18:00.079 --> 00:18:03.039 chapter eleven, God is angry at Solomon, not for having so many wives 202 00:18:03.079 --> 00:18:07.319 and getting it on a lot, but for having foreign wives and giving them 203 00:18:07.480 --> 00:18:14.839 freedom of their own religions. For this abominable transgression, God raised up satan 204 00:18:14.960 --> 00:18:19.799 unto Solomon Hadad the Edomite, and Eloheim raised up against him another satan resin, 205 00:18:21.039 --> 00:18:23.799 the son of Eliada, and he was a satan to Israel all the 206 00:18:23.960 --> 00:18:30.039 days of Solomon. In addition to the mischief that Hadad did. So God 207 00:18:30.200 --> 00:18:36.519 was stirring up adversaries to Solomon because Heaven forbid he married a foreign girl and 208 00:18:36.640 --> 00:18:41.440 let her do her own thing, literally, Heaven forbid. These are examples 209 00:18:41.480 --> 00:18:48.240 of satan being a title that could be used for anyone by anyone. For 210 00:18:48.400 --> 00:18:52.839 examples of hasaitan or a specific being called the satan, we turned back to 211 00:18:52.960 --> 00:18:57.920 Job and reference what Jason just told us. Hastan in that tale was an 212 00:18:57.960 --> 00:19:02.920 angel of the heavenly court, but not the devil as we would call him. 213 00:19:03.480 --> 00:19:07.960 Rather, it was like saying the lawyer of the heavenly court. The 214 00:19:07.079 --> 00:19:11.319 specific angel didn't matter, nor was that his name. He was his job 215 00:19:11.440 --> 00:19:17.319 title. And this was what Jason related to us. Job won six. 216 00:19:18.039 --> 00:19:21.039 Now, there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves 217 00:19:21.160 --> 00:19:26.920 before the Lord, and Hasatan came also among them, and that's when God 218 00:19:26.079 --> 00:19:29.519 was like, hey, what have you been up to? And the Satan 219 00:19:29.680 --> 00:19:33.839 was like just strolling around earth and God said, hey, did you see 220 00:19:33.880 --> 00:19:37.319 Job. He's pretty much my favorite, and YadA YadA. I won't rehash 221 00:19:37.400 --> 00:19:41.519 what Jason said, but the point is that the Satan challenges God to test 222 00:19:41.599 --> 00:19:45.640 Job, and it was not the Satan's fault what all happened to him. 223 00:19:45.839 --> 00:19:49.400 In fact, he's not seen or mentioned again in the tale after chapter two. 224 00:19:51.480 --> 00:19:59.839 The Book of Job is forty two chapters alone by him a devil. 225 00:20:00.200 --> 00:20:03.039 And then you want to blame for you cause me to crime to suffer. 226 00:20:04.160 --> 00:20:08.039 I am an angel, and you are the cause your love man, I 227 00:20:08.359 --> 00:20:15.039 was your lover. The devil lurks in the best of us. An angel 228 00:20:15.359 --> 00:20:18.599 lives in the rest of us. Angel a devil. It's all up to 229 00:20:18.720 --> 00:20:25.559 you. I can be wicked or I can be true love me whatever. 230 00:20:30.079 --> 00:20:34.079 The term Satan appears in Psalm one oh nine, speaking of adversaries against love, 231 00:20:34.640 --> 00:20:38.839 and Hasitan makes another appearance in the Book of Zechariah chapter three. And 232 00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:42.079 he showed me Joshua, the high priest, standing before the Angel of the 233 00:20:42.160 --> 00:20:48.000 Lord and Hasitan at his right hand, to accuse him. Zechariah witnesses a 234 00:20:48.039 --> 00:20:53.480 heavenly courtroom drama where an angel Satan challenges the court to prove Joshua worthy of 235 00:20:53.599 --> 00:20:59.480 leading the priesthood. God overrules the prosecution, going so far as to reprimand 236 00:20:59.559 --> 00:21:06.119 Hasita and saying even all of Jerusalem reprimands it. So God seems to regularly 237 00:21:06.240 --> 00:21:10.960 clash with a Satan figure in heaven, but it's not the epitome of evil. 238 00:21:11.119 --> 00:21:15.000 He's doing it with. It's angels. He's tasked with the sole purpose 239 00:21:15.279 --> 00:21:19.960 of clashing with him. If I I'm a devil, I'm spiteful and mean, 240 00:21:21.119 --> 00:21:25.119 and you hurt me, a trick me or tease me, I am 241 00:21:25.160 --> 00:21:29.359 an angel, uncommon, serene, and you kiss me, A love me, 242 00:21:29.519 --> 00:21:33.160 A please me. And the devil lurks and the best of us an 243 00:21:33.240 --> 00:21:38.359 angel listener, rest of us, angel a devil, I'll do what you 244 00:21:38.519 --> 00:21:45.680 say. You are the sculptor, and I'm a claim love me whatever. 245 00:21:51.240 --> 00:21:55.680 There is a being named in the Hebrew Bible that carries some interesting connotations, 246 00:21:55.960 --> 00:22:00.759 and one could argue was later incorporated into the legends of the proper noun Satan 247 00:22:02.400 --> 00:22:07.000 Mashie the destroyer, the instrument of God sent to kill swaths of people at 248 00:22:07.039 --> 00:22:11.119 a time. You can find these entities in Exodus twelve twenty three, Second 249 00:22:11.160 --> 00:22:18.400 Samuel sixteen, Second Kings nineteen thirty five, and First Chronicles twenty one fifteen. 250 00:22:18.400 --> 00:22:22.839 It's mentioned as the emissary of death during passover, bringer of death to 251 00:22:22.960 --> 00:22:30.160 Assyrians and to destroy Jerusalem. Here and there the last instance First Chronicles, 252 00:22:30.240 --> 00:22:34.359 chapter twenty one can arguably be considered a turning point in Jewish literature and thought 253 00:22:34.440 --> 00:22:40.559 process. King David is told by Satan to conduct a census in Israel. 254 00:22:41.359 --> 00:22:45.559 God gets angry at this and punishes David by unleashing a plague on Jerusalem, 255 00:22:45.960 --> 00:22:52.000 in this case connected with a machete angel. However, this is a retelling 256 00:22:52.240 --> 00:22:57.200 of the same story from Second Samuel twenty four, which begins and again the 257 00:22:57.319 --> 00:23:02.640 anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them 258 00:23:02.799 --> 00:23:08.039 to say, go number Israel and Judah. Second Chronicles twenty one says, 259 00:23:08.839 --> 00:23:15.880 and Satan stood up against Israel and provoked David to number Israel. Here in 260 00:23:15.039 --> 00:23:21.720 lies a theme will be seeing again and again that of whoever wrote Chronicles whitewashing 261 00:23:21.880 --> 00:23:26.799 previous things that make God seem like a real bastard. Now we start getting 262 00:23:26.799 --> 00:23:32.720 the term Satan replacing God as the responsible party for the woes of the Jewish 263 00:23:32.799 --> 00:23:37.240 people, even though it has been firmly established that Hasitan is but a lowly 264 00:23:37.319 --> 00:23:44.240 employee of God himself, doing what God commands and acting in accordance with God's 265 00:23:44.240 --> 00:23:48.119 wishes. It's not the figure we're chasing to match, the evil incarnate, 266 00:23:48.279 --> 00:23:52.480 direct enemy of God and all mankind. But it's a frightening step in that 267 00:23:52.640 --> 00:23:59.119 direction, and it's a seed from which will sprout more nefarious characteristics that begin 268 00:23:59.160 --> 00:24:04.559 to coalesce after monotheism chokes out the henotheistic roots of Judaism, a concept that 269 00:24:04.680 --> 00:24:10.640 festers in the Intertestamental period between the writing of the Old Testament and the New 270 00:24:10.720 --> 00:24:15.079 Testament and the ancient Near East. If I am a devil, I curse, 271 00:24:15.160 --> 00:24:18.880 and I swear, then you rob me of love and affection, bile 272 00:24:18.960 --> 00:24:22.799 an angel. If you answer my prayer, you give me a love and 273 00:24:22.960 --> 00:24:30.359 protection, and the devil works and the best of us the angel lives in 274 00:24:30.440 --> 00:24:33.799 the rest of us. Angel or devil, a curse or a prayer, 275 00:24:34.359 --> 00:24:51.960 I will accept your most challenging dare love me whatever. Before we explore that 276 00:24:52.119 --> 00:24:56.240 time period, and after, let's take a look at some cultural inspirations that 277 00:24:56.400 --> 00:25:00.960 led to concepts of demons and malevolent forces seeping into thought and literature at the 278 00:25:02.039 --> 00:25:11.599 time. Love is a familiar, Love is a definite. There is no 279 00:25:11.759 --> 00:25:23.720 evil angel but love our motto Shakespeare's Love's Labor's lost. The time period in 280 00:25:23.799 --> 00:25:29.000 which many books of the Old Testament were written, from roughly the sixth to 281 00:25:29.200 --> 00:25:34.119 first centuries BC, was tumultuous and rife with war. In the ancient Near 282 00:25:34.200 --> 00:25:41.039 East, the Achaimenid Empire out of Persia was sweeping the land as major population 283 00:25:41.119 --> 00:25:45.079 centers grew. The Egyptian Empire, long the powerhouse of the region, fell 284 00:25:45.160 --> 00:25:49.839 to Persian conquest, which itself was given over to Alexander the Great, and 285 00:25:51.000 --> 00:25:56.720 then the Ptolemys and Romans. Rebellions were everywhere, human sacrifice, dogs and 286 00:25:56.799 --> 00:26:03.039 cats living together, mass hysteria, almost constant turmoil for six centuries. You 287 00:26:03.119 --> 00:26:07.480 can see how cultures mixed and matched with abandoned and with the mixing, new 288 00:26:07.599 --> 00:26:11.319 ideas and concepts began to make their way into the beliefs and teachings of the 289 00:26:11.359 --> 00:26:17.359 many disparate cults that were operating in the midst of this chaos. But this 290 00:26:17.559 --> 00:26:22.160 wasn't a fresh notion. Trade and subjugation had been dispersing ideas for centuries already. 291 00:26:23.200 --> 00:26:27.359 In fact, many of the Old Testament stories came directly from other cultures, 292 00:26:27.720 --> 00:26:33.240 which predated their writing by centuries themselves. The Epic of Gilgamesh, written 293 00:26:33.240 --> 00:26:40.720 in Mesopotamia sometime around twenty one, provided many sources of inspiration for later religious 294 00:26:40.759 --> 00:26:47.160 tales, including the Garden of eden Utnapishtam's arc in a Great Flood, ecclesiastical 295 00:26:47.200 --> 00:26:52.400 advice, giants, etc. You also get the figure of Humbaba, some 296 00:26:52.599 --> 00:26:56.480 kind of ogre or demon adversary of the forest, whom Gilgamesh and the First 297 00:26:56.559 --> 00:27:03.400 man Inka do fight and defeat. He is depicted as grotesque and opposes the 298 00:27:03.519 --> 00:27:08.079 heroes in the story and fun fact, it's also thought to have inspired Greek 299 00:27:08.119 --> 00:27:17.359 tales of Gorgons and Perseus killing Medusa. You may have heard of the demon 300 00:27:17.440 --> 00:27:23.079 Pazuzu, whether from The Exorcist or Futurama, etc. Pazuzu was a destructive 301 00:27:23.160 --> 00:27:27.960 wind entity with an interesting dual aspect. Not only was he a wild, 302 00:27:29.119 --> 00:27:33.920 wandering troublemaker, he was also a domestic protectors spirit, repelling other demons and 303 00:27:34.079 --> 00:27:41.440 guarding pregnant mothers. What a conundrum. The perfect bad boy. His father, 304 00:27:41.720 --> 00:27:45.519 Hanpu, also the father of Humbaba, is thought to have been a 305 00:27:45.599 --> 00:27:48.119 god of evil, but we don't know much about him at all. It 306 00:27:48.160 --> 00:27:52.640 would certainly help us in our mission to trace the devil's origins if we did, 307 00:27:52.119 --> 00:27:56.519 but that's the hand we're dealt. These figures are connected to many evil 308 00:27:56.680 --> 00:28:02.440 entities collectively called Leelu, with one of the most well known being Lamashtu, 309 00:28:02.799 --> 00:28:07.359 a female demon who tried to interfere in childbirth and could steal a baby during 310 00:28:07.440 --> 00:28:12.200 breastfeeding. Other demons were grouped within the Lulu, including the Utuku, Alu, 311 00:28:12.440 --> 00:28:18.039 and Galou, all with specific roles and dwellings in the underworld and dark 312 00:28:18.119 --> 00:28:23.880 and dangerous places. Other notables were Kilili, an assumed demoness associated with owls 313 00:28:23.960 --> 00:28:33.440 and haunted places, nice Ugalu lion headed storm demon, reshef Ugaritic god of 314 00:28:33.599 --> 00:28:40.880 war and plague devor god of pestilence, and Mote also called Mavet from the 315 00:28:40.960 --> 00:28:45.440 Hebrew word for death, a Canaanite son of the chief god El who has 316 00:28:45.480 --> 00:28:49.759 a pit forethrone and lives in a land called filth and for visuals that will 317 00:28:49.799 --> 00:28:56.599 come back later, Howbayu Uguritic lord of horns and a tail who smeared poop 318 00:28:56.880 --> 00:29:02.279 on an intoxicated l Basically, there's a demon for everything, and it just 319 00:29:02.319 --> 00:29:06.599 seems like if some kind of misfortune happened, it was the fault of one 320 00:29:06.640 --> 00:29:11.799 of dozens of entities. Circling back to the term Leelu, we find an 321 00:29:11.880 --> 00:29:15.920 interesting connection with the female version of the term Liliitu, which you might know 322 00:29:17.119 --> 00:29:22.799 as Lilith. Scholars have debated the connection between Gilgamesh and Hebrew texts, wherein 323 00:29:23.039 --> 00:29:27.400 Lilith is the first wife of Adam made from the same clay, but ran 324 00:29:27.480 --> 00:29:33.000 out of the garden of Eden for quote unquote not lying below Adam when he 325 00:29:33.119 --> 00:29:37.599 demanded she do so. Her story could be its own episode as it developed 326 00:29:37.640 --> 00:29:41.720 in later centuries, and we have a lot of rhet conning of her being 327 00:29:41.839 --> 00:29:45.240 named the mother of demons and succubi and big tittied goth girl friends and other 328 00:29:45.319 --> 00:29:51.519 stuff I would very easily fall pre to, Sorry, other stuff mankind would 329 00:29:51.640 --> 00:29:56.200 very easily fall pre to. In fact, there's four demon queens that came 330 00:29:56.240 --> 00:30:03.720 out of Jewish mythology, Lilith, Batmalat, Naima, and Asath. Take 331 00:30:03.759 --> 00:30:11.519 a pick, You're gonna have a good time. And there's one more fun 332 00:30:11.599 --> 00:30:15.880 little tidbit I found that some scholars have connected to the Lilith the Aloka. 333 00:30:17.680 --> 00:30:22.599 It appears in Proverbs thirty fifteen, translated as horse leech but the original meaning 334 00:30:22.759 --> 00:30:29.160 was more akin to vampire, whether a title for Lilith or a descendant. 335 00:30:29.759 --> 00:30:36.680 The Aloka has some strong succubus slash vampi vibes, and it's probably just a 336 00:30:36.759 --> 00:30:44.799 coincidence that the name backwards is Hacula Blah. A major event in shaping inspiration 337 00:30:44.880 --> 00:30:48.759 for the devil came in the period known as the Babylonian Captivity or Babylonian Exile, 338 00:30:49.720 --> 00:30:53.519 following their defeat in the Jewish Babylonian War. After the Temple of Solomon 339 00:30:53.680 --> 00:31:02.640 was raised in Jerusalem. Persian culture influenced Jewish literature heavily. Jason discusses Babylonian 340 00:31:02.720 --> 00:31:08.000 sources of inspiration for old Jewish tales, including the Leviathan so in their stores, 341 00:31:08.720 --> 00:31:15.559 you know, the earliest creation accounts have Yahwe getting in a fight with 342 00:31:15.880 --> 00:31:19.519 leviathin and it looks very similar to what we find elsewhere in the ancient Near 343 00:31:19.559 --> 00:31:27.720 East, where the gods are fighting against a group of water dragons, and 344 00:31:27.839 --> 00:31:33.279 they represent like the primordial ocean and the world is usually just completely covered in 345 00:31:33.400 --> 00:31:38.200 water. It probably has Kevin Costner sailing around in there somewhere. Not positive. 346 00:31:38.759 --> 00:31:45.680 Gene Hackman plays Hastan and now yeah, yeah, so you've got this 347 00:31:45.720 --> 00:31:49.599 whole like what a world thing going, and they what they have to do 348 00:31:49.920 --> 00:31:53.759 is they have to separate the water so or in this case, they have 349 00:31:53.880 --> 00:31:59.960 to kill the great water dragons. And these water dragons they basically just represent 350 00:32:00.319 --> 00:32:07.160 like tidal waves and floods. And in one well known version of this story 351 00:32:07.240 --> 00:32:13.400 called the Uma Leash, the young warrior god Marduk comes up and he basically 352 00:32:13.480 --> 00:32:17.680 makes a deal that if he kills the dragon Tiamat, then he gets to 353 00:32:19.160 --> 00:32:22.480 basically sit on the highest throne of heaven. And so he does this. 354 00:32:22.640 --> 00:32:27.319 He kills Tiamat. The carcass gets divided up, basically the dividing of the 355 00:32:27.440 --> 00:32:32.559 waters, separating salt water from fresh water, and a bunch of the water 356 00:32:34.160 --> 00:32:37.440 the carcass of the dragon gets used to create the farmament, and some water 357 00:32:37.599 --> 00:32:40.759 is stored up there. That's why the sky is blue and that's where rain 358 00:32:40.920 --> 00:32:49.759 comes from. And we have this being retold but de mythologized in Genesis chapter 359 00:32:49.880 --> 00:32:54.960 one. It talks about how the water gets divided up and there's the farmament 360 00:32:55.119 --> 00:33:00.960 set up and the water is placed above it and everything else, and what 361 00:33:00.079 --> 00:33:05.519 they're doing is they're taking the creation by combat myth, which gets retold in 362 00:33:06.000 --> 00:33:09.519 near the end of job that actually has Yahweh fighting against Leviathan in there. 363 00:33:12.039 --> 00:33:15.319 What they're doing is they're taking this myth and they're retelling it, but not 364 00:33:15.519 --> 00:33:21.039 as a work of myth that has like a god fighting a dragon, but 365 00:33:21.079 --> 00:33:25.799 they're retelling it as this thing where their god just kind of sits back and 366 00:33:27.079 --> 00:33:36.640 talks and the spoken word is responsible for everything, which is a comes from 367 00:33:37.559 --> 00:33:44.000 Greece, and it that goes into this whole different thing it would that's a 368 00:33:44.039 --> 00:33:47.559 whole different rabbitrail we probably don't have time for. But it's this whole idea 369 00:33:47.640 --> 00:33:52.599 that they borrowed from ancient Greece because there's a lot of Greek and Babylonian influence 370 00:33:52.680 --> 00:34:00.319 in Genesis one. So they're creation by combat story of Yahwei defeating Leviathan. 371 00:34:01.160 --> 00:34:07.000 It gets retold in there, and you you still sort of have this idea 372 00:34:07.119 --> 00:34:12.800 though of the leviathin and it gets you know, downgraded to just being a 373 00:34:13.079 --> 00:34:20.000 created animal, and people begin blaming the Leviathan for different things like floods. 374 00:34:20.599 --> 00:34:23.039 So if you have a flood or any kind of destruction by water, a 375 00:34:23.159 --> 00:34:29.519 tidal wave rex as ship or something like that. Well that was Leviathan stirring 376 00:34:29.599 --> 00:34:34.840 in the deep, and so you now have, you know, along with 377 00:34:35.039 --> 00:34:39.920 a Satan angel testing people, you also have this underwater sea dragon that is 378 00:34:40.079 --> 00:34:45.480 causing destruction. And so any sort of like torrential rains or anything like that 379 00:34:46.119 --> 00:34:52.119 can be laid at the feet or the fins of this water dragon. So 380 00:34:52.480 --> 00:34:57.480 you have another scapegoat, you have another source for calamity, and so the 381 00:34:57.880 --> 00:35:05.280 dragon motif, it's wrapped up into the ideas of this sort of this cosmic 382 00:35:05.480 --> 00:35:15.920 destroyer. If you remember the episode on Angels, you may recall the name 383 00:35:15.039 --> 00:35:21.119 Azazel or Azazel, a fallen angel from the Book of Enoch. In some 384 00:35:21.239 --> 00:35:25.159 accounts, he's depicted like a satyr and has dominion over the wilderness. The 385 00:35:25.320 --> 00:35:30.280 link to devilish connotation should be obvious. But I'm going to save Azizel for 386 00:35:30.400 --> 00:35:34.960 something better at the end of the episode, so keep him tucked away for 387 00:35:35.119 --> 00:35:40.320 now. I've been talking about Jewish demonology, which probably stemmed from Babylonian demonology, 388 00:35:40.400 --> 00:35:45.360 which itself probably came directly from Zoroastrianism. And we've gone far too long 389 00:35:45.519 --> 00:35:52.199 without delving into the fascinating depths of that religion. There's a nice figure that 390 00:35:52.320 --> 00:35:58.239 eventually factored into Jewish theology and bridges us into Zoroastrian demonology, that of the 391 00:35:58.320 --> 00:36:04.960 Prince of demons. Ass that's the Greek name from the Hebrew Ashmadai, itself 392 00:36:05.440 --> 00:36:10.119 likely from the Avestan Ashmadiva, meaning demon of wrath. He is a major 393 00:36:10.239 --> 00:36:15.079 player in the Book of Tobit and the Talmud, as well as later works, 394 00:36:15.280 --> 00:36:19.679 but he started around the ninth century BC as the right hand bastard of 395 00:36:19.800 --> 00:36:25.639 Zoroastrianism's evil entity Ariman. He was often said to go any and everywhere quote, 396 00:36:27.159 --> 00:36:31.840 polluting the earth and spreading disease and death end quote. This proved to 397 00:36:31.880 --> 00:36:37.559 be a popular concept in theologies at the time and later, but as mentioned 398 00:36:37.960 --> 00:36:40.559 Asmodius, was not the end all be all of evil, an honor held 399 00:36:40.599 --> 00:36:50.000 by the aforementioned Ahriman also called Agramanu. Sacred texts of Zoroastrianism teach that in 400 00:36:50.119 --> 00:36:53.000 the beginning there were two cosmic spirits, and each had to make a choice 401 00:36:53.760 --> 00:36:59.400 to be good or to be evil. The spirit known as Ahamazda chose the 402 00:36:59.480 --> 00:37:04.639 path of goodness and righteousness, while Ariman chose the path of evil and corruption. 403 00:37:05.400 --> 00:37:09.360 Thus the battle of good versus evil began with Ariman heading the armies of 404 00:37:09.440 --> 00:37:15.719 the wicked arch fiend of all that is good. According to Gerald Massarayer, 405 00:37:15.239 --> 00:37:22.400 it was Iran who quote witnessed the first appearance of the devil end quote this 406 00:37:23.239 --> 00:37:29.400 is a profound concept. But the fruits of Zoroastrianism were just coming to bear. 407 00:37:30.239 --> 00:37:34.159 There were several stories that directly influenced the stories of the Old Testament, 408 00:37:34.800 --> 00:37:38.199 and no doubt Mesopotamian lore before that. But if you'll allow me to jump 409 00:37:38.239 --> 00:37:44.519 ahead in a flash forward fun fact, six hundred years before Jesus the Christ 410 00:37:44.679 --> 00:37:50.159 was tempted by capital lest Satan in the desert. The ecclesiastical Zoroastrian text the 411 00:37:50.280 --> 00:37:58.360 Vindidade told the story of Zoroaster aka Zarathustra being tempted by Ariman. The evil 412 00:37:58.440 --> 00:38:02.800 spirit promised zoro Aster long life and sovereignty of the world if he would but 413 00:38:04.119 --> 00:38:09.440 renounce his faith in a Hiramazda three thousand years spoiler alert, he didn't. 414 00:38:10.840 --> 00:38:15.039 Instead, he recited a prayer, and, like a high level cleric in 415 00:38:15.159 --> 00:38:19.639 D and D, turned undead until all the demons in arimand fled from his 416 00:38:19.760 --> 00:38:28.280 Holy might. So these are some inspirations that factored into a roiling stew of 417 00:38:28.400 --> 00:38:32.119 ideas during the Babylonian exile and after up into the turn of the millennium. 418 00:38:32.239 --> 00:38:37.559 CE. Couple these influences with the general climate of Jewish culture, a people 419 00:38:37.679 --> 00:38:42.320 grappling with their lot in life and coming to terms with feelings of oppression and 420 00:38:42.440 --> 00:38:46.880 anger, and a stark new chapter begins with the seeds of a new religion 421 00:38:47.320 --> 00:38:52.320 and new characters to relieve those feelings. Let's get back to the earliest mentions 422 00:38:52.440 --> 00:39:07.000 of the Devil the New Testament edition The Devil, All hair comes the Devil, 423 00:39:07.000 --> 00:39:10.760 All hair comes the Devil. Old. The Devil with the Devil says, 424 00:39:10.800 --> 00:39:19.719 I'm about the devil. Look out fa the Devil. Old. The 425 00:39:19.800 --> 00:39:23.159 Devil with the Devil says, I'm you're so afraid of old man Satan. 426 00:39:23.320 --> 00:39:28.320 No, why don't you stop your hesitating? You're gonna be a long time 427 00:39:28.440 --> 00:39:31.440 dead soul. The Devil with the Devil says, I, you're always giving 428 00:39:31.519 --> 00:39:36.719 me the dickens, telling me that life's no easy pipkins. But just as 429 00:39:36.800 --> 00:39:45.559 long as I have fun. Why the devil with the Devil says I the 430 00:39:45.760 --> 00:39:52.559 devil can cite scripture for his purpose. Antonio Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. 431 00:39:57.519 --> 00:40:01.800 I'll be mentioning the term Intertestamental period frequently in this section, and the dry 432 00:40:01.880 --> 00:40:07.280 definition of that is the period of time between the events of the protocanonical books 433 00:40:07.400 --> 00:40:12.719 and the New Testament. The time span is roughly fifth century BC to first 434 00:40:12.760 --> 00:40:17.079 century CE, and it's also known as the Deutero canonical period in Catholicism. 435 00:40:19.039 --> 00:40:22.159 Many New Testament books and other works like the Dead Sea Scrolls were written in 436 00:40:22.199 --> 00:40:27.559 this period, though a solid handful were written forty two, one hundred years 437 00:40:27.639 --> 00:40:31.039 after the attested death of Jesus, and that includes a few books that aren't 438 00:40:31.039 --> 00:40:37.880 included in today's Biblical canon. Some major events in this time period were the 439 00:40:37.000 --> 00:40:44.280 first translations of Hebrew scriptures into other languages, the Maccabean Revolt, establishment of 440 00:40:44.360 --> 00:40:47.840 the first synagogues, and, like many cultures experienced at the time, the 441 00:40:47.960 --> 00:40:54.119 heavy influence of Hellenistic Greece. This meant aspects of Greek culture began showing up 442 00:40:54.159 --> 00:41:00.639 in other cultures, including more emphasis on education philosophy are in rituals associated with 443 00:41:00.719 --> 00:41:07.400 the Greek pantheon. It caused a divide in Jewish culture, namely between those 444 00:41:07.559 --> 00:41:12.960 that accepted these new influences and those that wanted to keep things orthodox and fought 445 00:41:13.000 --> 00:41:20.639 against change. But an arguably bigger rift was underwear. You can have your 446 00:41:20.760 --> 00:41:25.000 social ties and bingo for your father, but the things I like to do, 447 00:41:25.360 --> 00:41:30.559 you stop me one by one. Now, even if you make me 448 00:41:30.719 --> 00:41:34.719 stronger, that ain't gonna make me live no longer. So even if I 449 00:41:34.960 --> 00:41:42.480 go to the devil, where the devil says I, the devil, where 450 00:41:42.559 --> 00:41:54.119 the devil says I. The stories and the old scriptures showed a God that 451 00:41:54.280 --> 00:42:00.760 was simultaneously loving and perfect, and a God that was jealous, capricious, 452 00:42:00.840 --> 00:42:07.199 and responsible for every suffering endured by the creation he supposedly loved. Not only 453 00:42:07.320 --> 00:42:12.960 did every blessing come from this God, every evil did as well Isaiah forty 454 00:42:13.000 --> 00:42:17.119 five seven. I form the light and create darkness. I make peace and 455 00:42:17.280 --> 00:42:24.039 create evil. I the Lord do all these things. And remember, it 456 00:42:24.239 --> 00:42:28.719 was God who first told David to take a census, then punished him for 457 00:42:28.800 --> 00:42:32.679 it. It was God who decided to test job and take everything from him. 458 00:42:34.360 --> 00:42:37.079 It was God who destroyed all but eight people in a great flood. 459 00:42:38.000 --> 00:42:43.199 It was God who sent bears to kill children. It was God who ordered 460 00:42:43.239 --> 00:42:46.599 the killing of the firstborn of every creature in Egypt. It was God who 461 00:42:46.679 --> 00:42:52.760 blatantly supported slavery. This was a people already tired of the bs persecution they 462 00:42:52.840 --> 00:42:58.760 had faced for centuries, and they started questioning the worship of such a figure, 463 00:42:59.039 --> 00:43:04.400 which was the beginning of their Theodyssey, an attempt to justify or defend 464 00:43:04.519 --> 00:43:08.800 God in the face of evil. Why would a loving, perfect God not 465 00:43:09.039 --> 00:43:15.800 only permit evil but author it to many people? There had to be another 466 00:43:15.920 --> 00:43:22.440 explanation, something else that was causing such horror to happen despite God. This 467 00:43:22.039 --> 00:43:30.360 is when the Satan Hositan started to become the Satan capitalist, a figure with 468 00:43:30.519 --> 00:43:34.840 his own agenda, no longer a servant of God, but an independent character 469 00:43:34.960 --> 00:43:37.480 and a thorn in the side of all that is good. And with the 470 00:43:37.559 --> 00:43:43.880 aforementioned inspirations from other cultures, it was pretty easy to start constructing a figure 471 00:43:43.960 --> 00:43:50.639 that embodied such negativity. Jason talks a bit about the confusion stemming from Theodyssey. 472 00:43:51.880 --> 00:43:57.800 This confusion, it pops up at a rather convenient time, and it 473 00:43:57.920 --> 00:44:05.159 actually serves a theological purpose. So at this time, the Jewish people are 474 00:44:05.639 --> 00:44:10.280 drifting away from polytheism and into monotheism. But when you do this, you 475 00:44:10.639 --> 00:44:17.400 run into the problem of explaining where evil comes from. And their concept of 476 00:44:17.480 --> 00:44:23.239 evil is a bit different from people in Christianity. So in Christianity, evil 477 00:44:23.639 --> 00:44:32.599 is it's basically like a wickedness, but it wasn't that restricted. In ancient 478 00:44:32.719 --> 00:44:39.840 Judaism. Evil just meant anything bad. So a natural disaster, the word 479 00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:45.679 for a disaster, for calamity, for misfortune, all those it was all 480 00:44:45.719 --> 00:44:47.519 the same word, and it's the same word that they used for evil. 481 00:44:49.639 --> 00:44:54.119 So evil didn't just mean, you know, someone was plotting something wicked it. 482 00:44:54.920 --> 00:44:59.960 It could just mean that they were going to do something that might inconveni 483 00:45:00.079 --> 00:45:04.000 nance you, and that maybe they're invading your city, you know, or 484 00:45:04.480 --> 00:45:08.000 maybe there's a hurricane that's about to hit New Orleans. You know, that 485 00:45:08.199 --> 00:45:14.199 is considered an evil, and it doesn't mean that it comes from some supernatural 486 00:45:14.320 --> 00:45:19.360 evil. It just means that it's bad news. And so their definition of 487 00:45:19.440 --> 00:45:23.760 evil was much more expansive, but they came into this theological problem with explaining 488 00:45:23.840 --> 00:45:30.679 where that comes from. In the past, and in most polytheistic cultures, 489 00:45:30.239 --> 00:45:35.880 you have, you know, an easy way out if you worship a certain 490 00:45:35.960 --> 00:45:40.280 deity, like say Hera, and something bad happens, well you could blame 491 00:45:40.360 --> 00:45:44.760 that on Aries, you know. Oh well, you know Aries caused this 492 00:45:44.960 --> 00:45:50.480 army to come in here and invade or whatever. Hephaestus made that spark fly 493 00:45:50.639 --> 00:45:53.679 out of my fireplace and burn down the house, you know. So these 494 00:45:53.840 --> 00:45:58.519 these things were a lot easier to deal with. You just blamed it on 495 00:45:58.719 --> 00:46:04.119 some other deity, and that's people did. But the Jews had gotten rid 496 00:46:04.320 --> 00:46:07.440 of all of their other deities, Moat and all the others. They had 497 00:46:07.480 --> 00:46:14.679 been shoved aside, and they no longer worshiped them. They no longer some 498 00:46:14.880 --> 00:46:19.199 didn't even acknowledge that they existed. So now they have the problem where does 499 00:46:19.239 --> 00:46:23.280 evil come from? You know, your disaster and calamity and misfortune, And 500 00:46:24.559 --> 00:46:30.320 borrowing this Persian idea would definitely help because now they could blame it on someone 501 00:46:30.400 --> 00:46:37.599 else. Post Exilic writings began to hint at Satan being a figure unto his 502 00:46:37.719 --> 00:46:40.719 own, but not fully fledged. The Book of Daniel, thought to be 503 00:46:40.800 --> 00:46:45.199 written around the second century BC, doesn't have a Satan figure as we know 504 00:46:45.360 --> 00:46:51.960 him, but does allude to occupying foreign rulers being quote unquote monstrous beasts. 505 00:46:52.639 --> 00:47:00.400 After generations of exposures to Zoroastrian dualism and Ariman as an arch fiend, sentiment 506 00:47:00.440 --> 00:47:07.280 toward God not being responsible for evil was growing, and intertestamental literature began including 507 00:47:07.440 --> 00:47:12.920 him along with a host of demons and minions. Indeed, Gerald Massarier credits 508 00:47:13.039 --> 00:47:21.199 Zoroastrianism with inventing demonology. Before the Babylonian exile, Jewish teachings had no bodily 509 00:47:21.280 --> 00:47:25.679 resurrection, little thought of what happened after death, no eternal torture in a 510 00:47:25.719 --> 00:47:30.960 burning hill, no armageddon, and no one but God to pin every event 511 00:47:31.079 --> 00:47:37.920 on Persian religion. Did Jews could finally square the concept of why they had 512 00:47:38.079 --> 00:47:43.199 such misfortune wrought upon them, And by the time Jesus rolls into town, 513 00:47:43.760 --> 00:47:50.440 there's a nice universal conspiracy playing out, wherein a nefarious, metaphysical villain was 514 00:47:50.599 --> 00:47:55.159 hiding in every shadow, orchestrating every malady, and most importantly, being the 515 00:47:55.239 --> 00:48:00.679 absolute cause of strife, more than their loving God or any of their own 516 00:48:00.800 --> 00:48:07.320 actions or coincidences. Ray and Mobley write, quote, the enormity of misfortune 517 00:48:07.400 --> 00:48:14.079 experienced by the Jews seemed measurably greater than their errors end quote. They were 518 00:48:14.239 --> 00:48:17.960 victims and they finally had a devil to blame, and it was a perfect 519 00:48:19.039 --> 00:48:23.199 fit. After all, the Persian Ahriman also carried the epithet the opposer. 520 00:48:24.400 --> 00:48:31.039 What did that translate to in Hebrew Ariman hasatan? And the authors at the 521 00:48:31.119 --> 00:48:37.199 time were like, shit, this thing writes itself. You have this linguistic 522 00:48:37.639 --> 00:48:43.039 issue that arises when you start talking about Areman from Zoroastrianism, which we'll talk 523 00:48:43.079 --> 00:48:49.400 about later. His full name is Aarman the opposer, So when you say 524 00:48:49.440 --> 00:48:54.639 that in Hebrew, it's Araman Hasatan, which is a figure they seem to 525 00:48:54.840 --> 00:49:04.880 already have. So that leads them to incorporate features of Ottoman into the identity 526 00:49:05.079 --> 00:49:09.639 of these opposing angels who work against people who may or may not be doing 527 00:49:09.760 --> 00:49:17.840 something wrong. The First Book of Enoch, one of the more interesting religious 528 00:49:17.880 --> 00:49:22.679 texts written at the time and a favorite of this show in Dragons and Genesis, 529 00:49:22.320 --> 00:49:25.000 is thought to have been written around the third to second century BC, 530 00:49:25.840 --> 00:49:32.159 and takes the Persian dualism and demonology and absolutely runs with it. For Enoch, 531 00:49:32.599 --> 00:49:38.440 Isaisl was in the crosshairs. First Enoch nine six, thou seest what 532 00:49:38.599 --> 00:49:44.760 Isaisl hath done, who have taught all unrighteousness on earth, and revealed the 533 00:49:44.800 --> 00:49:50.199 eternal secrets which were preserved in heaven, which men were striving to learn. 534 00:49:51.599 --> 00:49:55.000 And ten eight. And the whole earth has been corrupted through the works that 535 00:49:55.119 --> 00:50:02.800 were taught by Isaizell to him ascribe all sin. Interestingly, the words Satan 536 00:50:02.920 --> 00:50:07.639 appears a few times in Enoch, but it seems to be both as a 537 00:50:07.679 --> 00:50:13.800 proper noun and as a title. Chapter forty has Satan's plural not being allowed 538 00:50:13.840 --> 00:50:19.559 before God. Chapter fifty three, verse three says, for I saw all 539 00:50:19.599 --> 00:50:24.440 the angels of punishment abiding there and preparing all the instruments of Satan proper noun, 540 00:50:24.960 --> 00:50:29.639 And that's to cast the kings of Earth down and punish them. And 541 00:50:29.920 --> 00:50:34.639 chapter fifty four to six says, and Michael and Gabriel, and Raphael and 542 00:50:34.800 --> 00:50:38.159 Fanuel shall take hold of them on that great day and cast them on that 543 00:50:38.320 --> 00:50:43.320 day into the burning furnace, that the Lord of spirits may take vengeance on 544 00:50:43.480 --> 00:50:49.039 them for their unrighteousness and becoming subject to Satan and leading astray those who dwell 545 00:50:49.119 --> 00:50:54.239 on the earth. And in chapter sixty five he mentions mankind having learned all 546 00:50:54.320 --> 00:50:59.400 the secrets of the angels, and all the wrongdoings of the Satans and all 547 00:50:59.440 --> 00:51:05.880 their secret power. So which is it, Biggie, Are there Satan's ah 548 00:51:05.960 --> 00:51:10.679 Satan or just Azazel running them up? It was all of them, because 549 00:51:10.920 --> 00:51:15.480 between the beginning of the writing of the book and the end, time had 550 00:51:15.519 --> 00:51:19.800 passed and the idea of one entity carrying the name of the adversary was well 551 00:51:19.880 --> 00:51:24.519 underway. Jason gives us a refresher of Azazel and some bonus tidbits about the 552 00:51:24.559 --> 00:51:31.960 beginnings of the concept of hell. So after the idea of the godly kings 553 00:51:32.119 --> 00:51:40.119 being cast down, that idea gets merged quite seamlessly with the story of the 554 00:51:40.239 --> 00:51:46.719 watchers that we find in the early sections of First Enoch, and the two 555 00:51:46.760 --> 00:51:52.960 in particular would be Semiaza and a Zazel. One of them wants to have 556 00:51:52.079 --> 00:51:55.719 sex with human women, and that creates a race of giants. The other 557 00:51:55.800 --> 00:52:01.239 one wants to bring people forbidden knowledge, which merges quite well with the Garden 558 00:52:01.280 --> 00:52:07.840 of Eden's story. And so Asaizel, this deity who's sort of like a 559 00:52:07.079 --> 00:52:13.239 prometheus figure, he comes down and he teaches people all sorts of things like 560 00:52:14.320 --> 00:52:20.519 how to do witchcraft and read signs in the sky, like you know, 561 00:52:20.639 --> 00:52:24.360 decipher the future by listening to thunder, which is called brontomancy. It has 562 00:52:24.480 --> 00:52:29.400 nothing to do with dinosaurs, which is disappointing. But yeah, he teaches 563 00:52:29.440 --> 00:52:35.559 them about cosmetics, which is like the most destructive knowledge in the world, 564 00:52:35.920 --> 00:52:40.039 you know. I it's what's wrong with society today. You know, maybe 565 00:52:40.079 --> 00:52:45.119 it's Satan, maybe it's Mabel Lane. So Asaizel does all this stuff. 566 00:52:45.239 --> 00:52:50.320 And because of these things, you know, Azazel and also Samyaza, they're 567 00:52:50.400 --> 00:52:55.440 they're booted out. They're kicked out of heaven because they basically corrupted the world. 568 00:52:55.960 --> 00:53:00.599 And so this explains the origin of evil, and it also demotes a 569 00:53:00.679 --> 00:53:06.679 bunch of these different angels. So they get kicked out, and this idea 570 00:53:06.800 --> 00:53:13.119 that these deities or these these sons of God are introducing corruption into the world, 571 00:53:14.039 --> 00:53:17.440 you know, because they were trying to you know, establish themselves as 572 00:53:17.519 --> 00:53:22.800 a great power. They get kicked out. They end up down on earth. 573 00:53:22.199 --> 00:53:29.000 And that idea that being kicked out for your own prideful ways and disobedience 574 00:53:29.079 --> 00:53:35.760 and sharing forbidden knowledge and corrupting the perfect creation that gets merged with the idea 575 00:53:35.800 --> 00:53:39.920 of these kings being kicked out and cast down for their prideful ways. And 576 00:53:40.239 --> 00:53:45.400 these angels, as we see later in Enoch, are gathered up and cast 577 00:53:45.519 --> 00:53:51.079 into a fiery pit in the desert, and then it's covered up with stones, 578 00:53:52.159 --> 00:53:58.519 and there they are tormented by angels of torment that Yahweh sends to torture 579 00:53:58.559 --> 00:54:05.039 them, and and wicked people will also be thrown into those fires to likewise 580 00:54:05.679 --> 00:54:10.400 be tortured by the angels of torment. All of these ideas will eventually play 581 00:54:10.440 --> 00:54:16.480 a part in the development of the idea of Hell and the demons. Like 582 00:54:16.840 --> 00:54:22.760 the Satans who would go and test people and stand against them, which were 583 00:54:22.880 --> 00:54:29.199 Yahweh servants, the demons of Hell were originally thought of as angels of torment 584 00:54:29.480 --> 00:54:36.880 who worked for Yahweh to torture the evil angels, the watchers, and the 585 00:54:37.000 --> 00:54:42.000 wicked people who served them. And so that's why it like, it never 586 00:54:42.119 --> 00:54:45.679 made sense, you know, why would the demons torture you for being bad 587 00:54:45.920 --> 00:54:52.920 if they were bad? Because originally the angels that tortured people weren't bad. 588 00:54:52.280 --> 00:54:58.360 In the oldest literature, they were good guys who were torturing the bad guys. 589 00:54:59.599 --> 00:55:02.119 But eventually people just said, okay, well, everything down below is 590 00:55:02.159 --> 00:55:07.840 bad. Everything up above is good, and they just divided everything. So 591 00:55:08.280 --> 00:55:12.960 that's where your demons come from, and that's where some of your early depictions 592 00:55:12.960 --> 00:55:16.239 of Hell come from. As a fiery underworld, it was a place of 593 00:55:16.360 --> 00:55:22.119 torment for the watchers, where they would be tortured by angels of torments sent 594 00:55:22.199 --> 00:55:29.360 by Yahweh the Watchers aka the fallen Angels. According to Enoch, we're all 595 00:55:29.360 --> 00:55:34.800 about that human booty. And unfortunately, the misogyny already present in the culture 596 00:55:35.000 --> 00:55:40.000 was only amplified by other cultural influences, namely the Mathray cult and its penchant 597 00:55:40.039 --> 00:55:45.119 for fraternity among men, and so we sadly see a turn against women around 598 00:55:45.159 --> 00:55:50.760 this time that just grows from there and can be seen in the demonization of 599 00:55:50.920 --> 00:55:55.639 sexual encounters in particular. We'll revisit this idea later, but the concept of 600 00:55:55.800 --> 00:56:00.679 incubi and succubi really takes hold here and will go on to flourish in the 601 00:56:00.760 --> 00:56:07.079 culture and later in medieval Europe. Another apocryphal book that shows the devil's evolution 602 00:56:07.239 --> 00:56:10.760 during this period was the Book of Jubilees, believed to be written in the 603 00:56:10.840 --> 00:56:17.440 early second century BC. Jubilees is basically a rehash of Genesis up through Moses 604 00:56:17.519 --> 00:56:22.800 getting the Ten Commandments, but with changes, not unlike the Chronicler's whitewashing of 605 00:56:22.840 --> 00:56:30.679 the David census story Jason tosses as a refresher. So the books of Chronicles 606 00:56:30.760 --> 00:56:37.079 were actually meant to completely replace Samuel and Kings. And what would happen is 607 00:56:37.119 --> 00:56:42.719 occasionally a different group of people would sort of come into power in Jerusalem and 608 00:56:43.199 --> 00:56:49.719 they would rewrite certain bits of scripture or history to suit their own theological and 609 00:56:49.880 --> 00:56:54.159 political needs. In this case, the theology had shifted by the time the 610 00:56:54.280 --> 00:57:00.719 Chronicler came around. By the time these limtical priests were were in charge, 611 00:57:00.880 --> 00:57:07.400 and their solution to dealing with troublesome theology was to simply erase it. And 612 00:57:07.679 --> 00:57:10.920 the best way to do that was to replace it with something else. And 613 00:57:12.039 --> 00:57:15.880 so the purpose of the Chronicles was to get rid of Samuel and Kings and 614 00:57:16.119 --> 00:57:22.440 create a new book. So if it weren't for the fact that you know, 615 00:57:22.559 --> 00:57:28.440 the books of Samuel and Kings were so widespread as to be scattered throughout 616 00:57:28.440 --> 00:57:32.360 the Mediterranean, if it weren't for that, then we wouldn't have those books. 617 00:57:32.880 --> 00:57:37.480 They would have all been destroyed and replaced by first and second chronicles, 618 00:57:38.000 --> 00:57:43.639 and that would have told the history to go from the end of the time 619 00:57:43.679 --> 00:57:49.679 of Judges to the Babylonian exile, and we would have to guess as to 620 00:57:49.760 --> 00:57:53.119 the contents of Samuel and Kings, trying to figure out what had originally been 621 00:57:53.239 --> 00:57:59.679 there. But instead we end up with two different versions, an older version 622 00:57:59.760 --> 00:58:02.920 and newer version. So yeah, it was a different group of people writing 623 00:58:04.000 --> 00:58:07.719 a couple hundred years later who or longer than that, actually, probably about 624 00:58:07.719 --> 00:58:14.000 three hundred years later, who wanted to replace the older version with the new 625 00:58:14.079 --> 00:58:22.800 theology. One of the changes concerns Abraham sacrificing his son Isaac. In Genesis, 626 00:58:22.239 --> 00:58:27.840 Yahweh tells Abraham to prove his faith by sacrificing his son, a task 627 00:58:27.960 --> 00:58:31.000 Abraham proceeds with, only to be stopped at the last second by an angel's 628 00:58:31.079 --> 00:58:36.559 voice. It really is a dick move on God's part. But in Jubilees 629 00:58:37.119 --> 00:58:42.480 the story is retold with a new character called Prince Mastima issuing the challenge to 630 00:58:42.559 --> 00:58:46.360 Abraham. Thus God looks like a chill guy who ends up swooping in to 631 00:58:46.519 --> 00:58:53.079 save Isaac. Mastima, while not necessarily Lord of the Unholy damned is at 632 00:58:53.159 --> 00:58:57.800 least a jagbag of an angel, if not some kind of high ranking demon. 633 00:59:00.039 --> 00:59:05.800 The biggest WTF rewrite is arguably the story of Moses and Yahweh almost killing 634 00:59:05.920 --> 00:59:10.840 him over foreskin in Exodus chapter four. Yahweh gets all pissed off that Moses 635 00:59:10.920 --> 00:59:15.800 hadn't circumcised his son yet and comes down to Earth to kill Moses by hand. 636 00:59:17.119 --> 00:59:21.760 He must have been out of lightning bolts that day, or heart attacks 637 00:59:22.199 --> 00:59:27.320 or aneurysms, or runaway carts or boulders that got loose from a mountain and 638 00:59:27.400 --> 00:59:30.599 rolled down a big hill but got stopped by some trees and comically bent and 639 00:59:30.760 --> 00:59:34.440 bent them until they snapped, and it kept rolling, except now it was 640 00:59:34.440 --> 00:59:36.840 a boulder and a bunch of big logs, and we can say there was 641 00:59:36.840 --> 00:59:38.440 a bear or two that had climbed up into the trees and they didn't know 642 00:59:38.440 --> 00:59:40.559 what was going on, but they were really mad about it. And there's 643 00:59:40.559 --> 00:59:44.920 a big cloud of boulder and trees and angry bears come smashing down the mountain 644 00:59:44.920 --> 00:59:46.880 towards the end where Moses was staying, and crashes right into that end, 645 00:59:46.880 --> 00:59:50.559 and Moses died. But here's the kicker. He was in the other side 646 00:59:50.599 --> 00:59:52.679 of the end, and he died because he saw this, and he got 647 00:59:52.719 --> 00:59:57.199 so startled that his heart stopped. But Yahweh wanted to kill him by hand. 648 00:59:57.440 --> 01:00:01.119 And Moses's wife quickly chopped off her n's foreskin and threw it at Yahweh 649 01:00:01.159 --> 01:00:05.760 and was like what now, perv And Yahweh was like, Goku cool, 650 01:00:05.880 --> 01:00:12.719 and then turned and left. That's actually in the Bible. Jubileese just replaces 651 01:00:12.800 --> 01:00:17.039 Yahweh with m Stima, so the name has attached itself to Satan's but low 652 01:00:17.599 --> 01:00:23.079 a twist. Satan is mentioned as well, separately and clearly sovereign over quote 653 01:00:23.159 --> 01:00:29.920 unquote malignant evil ones on the earth and now creeping toward the first century. 654 01:00:30.000 --> 01:00:36.039 See we have it in writing. The Dead Sea Scrolls, just finishing up 655 01:00:36.079 --> 01:00:40.280 at the time, begin polishing this idea in style, and since their discovery 656 01:00:40.480 --> 01:00:45.639 in the mid twentieth century, most archaeologists have believed the works were written by 657 01:00:45.679 --> 01:00:49.840 a Jewish sect called the Essenes, one of the big three sects of the 658 01:00:50.000 --> 01:00:55.360 time, along with the Pharisees and Setissees. Esscenes practice piety, celibacy, 659 01:00:55.840 --> 01:01:00.320 voluntary poverty, and communal life. Jason gives us a little more perspective on 660 01:01:00.400 --> 01:01:07.480 them. Without the New Testament, you don't really find any reference to the 661 01:01:07.639 --> 01:01:10.239 es scenes, which is weird because they were around at the time, and 662 01:01:10.639 --> 01:01:16.760 a bunch of different Jewish groups are reference, like the Pharisees and the Sadducees 663 01:01:16.800 --> 01:01:21.039 and a bunch of these others. They get referenced by New Testament authors, 664 01:01:21.679 --> 01:01:24.119 but they never referenced the es scenes, and people thought, okay, well, 665 01:01:24.519 --> 01:01:30.039 did the Christians just not know about the es scenes? And then later 666 01:01:30.119 --> 01:01:35.159 scholars said, well, why would they like the es scenes? Wouldn't necessarily 667 01:01:35.239 --> 01:01:39.920 talk about themselves as Esceenes, you know, I mean, that's like speaking 668 01:01:39.960 --> 01:01:45.320 of yourself and the third person. However, one of the things that the 669 01:01:45.480 --> 01:01:52.239 Escenes did was they referred to themselves as the poor and that they followed the 670 01:01:52.400 --> 01:01:57.000 way. And then you find this throughout the New Testament. They frequently talk 671 01:01:57.039 --> 01:02:00.760 about themselves and the people who are going to who were blessed by this theology 672 01:02:01.639 --> 01:02:09.920 as the poor and how Jesus is the way. And then they look at 673 01:02:09.960 --> 01:02:14.599 and say, okay, well, these people may not be you know that 674 01:02:14.760 --> 01:02:17.800 they're not saying the word es scene because that's not how they you know, 675 01:02:19.119 --> 01:02:22.719 talked about themselves. They talked about themselves as being the poor because the es 676 01:02:22.800 --> 01:02:28.719 scenes they were, they were essentially like outcast from the Jewish Temple. Uh 677 01:02:28.800 --> 01:02:30.480 and a lot of them kind of lived in a little small communities out in 678 01:02:30.519 --> 01:02:35.039 the desert, you know, and they were very poor people. Also, 679 01:02:35.199 --> 01:02:37.880 if they had any money, they would basically just use it for the entire 680 01:02:37.960 --> 01:02:43.400 community. So no one ever really had any wealth. And we have references 681 01:02:43.480 --> 01:02:47.880 to like Paul basically doing like fundraising trips all over the Mediterranean to give them 682 01:02:47.920 --> 01:02:52.480 money because you know, they needed to buy food and stuff, and you 683 01:02:52.559 --> 01:02:58.400 know, none basically didn't look like they really had jobs. They just lived 684 01:02:58.440 --> 01:03:00.159 off of, you know, what Paul would give. They were communists, 685 01:03:01.159 --> 01:03:08.880 yeah, those filthy commies, and so there they were basically like proudly poor, 686 01:03:09.199 --> 01:03:15.039 and they seem to have seen this as an an identifying trait that would 687 01:03:15.079 --> 01:03:22.599 distinguish them from the wealthy and from their perspective, corrupt Jerusalem Temple. And 688 01:03:22.679 --> 01:03:27.199 they would say them, oh, well, look they're dressed in you know, 689 01:03:27.360 --> 01:03:31.280 fine clothing and you know, adorned with gold and jewelry and even wear 690 01:03:31.519 --> 01:03:39.079 makeup. Those evil, filthy heathens. We're proudly poor and destitute, you 691 01:03:39.159 --> 01:03:43.119 know. And so we actually see these ideas all the way back in Enoch, 692 01:03:43.199 --> 01:03:46.840 where they would distinguish themselves from the Jerusalem Temple by saying they're rich and 693 01:03:46.960 --> 01:03:52.119 powerful and corrupt. We're poor, but we're following the correct path and will 694 01:03:52.199 --> 01:03:58.199 eventually prosper and they'll all be brought low. And we see the same language 695 01:03:58.199 --> 01:04:04.360 in the New Testament. I said that the other day about myself. Yeah, 696 01:04:04.519 --> 01:04:08.119 so it looks a lot like they were a lot of these things they 697 01:04:08.119 --> 01:04:13.079 were doing was to distinguish themselves from the groups that they thought of as evil 698 01:04:13.159 --> 01:04:17.360 and corrupt. So yeah, yeah, Early Christianity and the es scenes, 699 01:04:18.880 --> 01:04:25.360 even if they're not the same. Early Christianity came from a group that was 700 01:04:25.559 --> 01:04:29.760 very similar to the es scenes. So and it may not have even come 701 01:04:29.840 --> 01:04:33.360 from just one group. It may have come from like the es scenes and 702 01:04:33.480 --> 01:04:42.159 the Ebeanites and like half dozen others throughout the Dead Sea scrolls. It's clear 703 01:04:42.280 --> 01:04:45.920 that Satan to them was the arch fiend of Yahweh, leader of the evil 704 01:04:46.000 --> 01:04:50.320 forces, battling against the forces of good and gobbling up victims left and right, 705 01:04:50.440 --> 01:04:54.079 turning them to the dark side. In the last days of the Earth. 706 01:04:55.280 --> 01:04:59.239 Turns out that was basically anyone who didn't think the way they did, 707 01:04:59.559 --> 01:05:03.400 include a majority of fellow Jews. In fact, they called themselves the Sons 708 01:05:03.440 --> 01:05:08.440 of Light and believe themselves to be engaged in a war against the sons of 709 01:05:08.519 --> 01:05:13.320 darkness, again, anyone who didn't subscribe to their particular brand of BS. 710 01:05:14.840 --> 01:05:18.039 Besides the smugness of thinking themselves better than everyone else, with all the other 711 01:05:18.079 --> 01:05:23.719 aforementioned tenants, one would have to think Zoroaster was smiling wherever he was in 712 01:05:23.760 --> 01:05:30.000 the afterlife, because in all smacks of Zoroastrian dualism. The es scenes I'm 713 01:05:30.119 --> 01:05:36.199 guessing inadvertently tripped over the Theodyssey problem in their haste to pins suffering on Satan 714 01:05:36.280 --> 01:05:41.440 and his minions. One of the scrolls, known as the War Scroll, 715 01:05:41.960 --> 01:05:46.239 brings up an interesting point in column thirteen, you yourself made Belile for the 716 01:05:46.320 --> 01:05:51.039 pit an angel of malevolence. His dominion is in darkness, and his counsel 717 01:05:51.199 --> 01:05:58.360 is to condemn and convict Belile. Here is another name for Satan. I 718 01:05:58.440 --> 01:06:00.559 haven't brought it up before because I'm saving it for the name section in part 719 01:06:00.599 --> 01:06:04.320 two of the episode. But the point is God himself is to blame for 720 01:06:04.400 --> 01:06:10.000 the world's suffering, and I'm not sure that's the message they wanted to convey. 721 01:06:12.280 --> 01:06:15.039 There are a couple more apocryphal books I'd like to highlight before getting into 722 01:06:15.199 --> 01:06:18.599 the proper New Testament, the first being The Life of Adam and Eve, 723 01:06:19.000 --> 01:06:24.480 likely written around the first century CE. I bring this one up because someone 724 01:06:24.599 --> 01:06:29.159 finally decided to do an origin story for the Devil, with huge implications for 725 01:06:29.280 --> 01:06:34.840 future descriptions. The entire reasoning behind Satan's enmity toward man is laid out in 726 01:06:34.880 --> 01:06:43.599 a conversation between him and Adam, and with a heavy side of devil's space. 727 01:06:43.719 --> 01:06:46.599 Oh, Adam, all my hostility in THEE and sorrow, it's for 728 01:06:46.719 --> 01:06:50.599 THEE, since it is for THEE that I have been expelled from my glory, 729 01:06:50.760 --> 01:06:54.880 which I possessed in the heavens, in the midst of the angels, 730 01:06:55.000 --> 01:06:59.239 and for THEE I was cast out in the earth. Adam answered, what 731 01:06:59.360 --> 01:07:01.440 dost thou tell me? What have I done to THEE? Or what is 732 01:07:01.480 --> 01:07:06.320 my fault against THEE? Seeing that thou hast received no harm or injury from 733 01:07:06.440 --> 01:07:11.679 us, why dost thou pursue us? The Devil replied, Adam, what 734 01:07:11.800 --> 01:07:15.360 dost thou tell me, it is for thy sake that I have been hurled 735 01:07:15.440 --> 01:07:18.480 from that place. When thou wast formed, I was hurled out of the 736 01:07:18.559 --> 01:07:24.079 presence of God and banished from the company of the angels. When God blew 737 01:07:24.159 --> 01:07:27.599 it to thee, the breath of life and thy faith and likeness was made 738 01:07:27.639 --> 01:07:30.599 in the image of God. Michael also brought THEE and made us worship THEE 739 01:07:30.639 --> 01:07:34.119 in the sight of God. And God the Lord spake, here is Adam, 740 01:07:34.639 --> 01:07:40.000 I have made THEE in our image and likeness. And Michael went out 741 01:07:40.039 --> 01:07:43.280 and called all the angels, saying, worship the image of God, as 742 01:07:43.360 --> 01:07:47.719 the Lord God hath commanded. And Michael himself worshiped first. Then he called 743 01:07:47.800 --> 01:07:51.519 me and said, worship the image of God the Lord. And I answered, 744 01:07:51.519 --> 01:07:56.840 I haven't a need to worship Adam. And since Michael kept urging me 745 01:07:56.960 --> 01:07:59.800 to worship, I said to him, what dost thou urge me? I 746 01:08:00.039 --> 01:08:04.920 will not worship an inferior and younger, being I am his senior in the 747 01:08:05.000 --> 01:08:10.679 creation before he was made, was already made. It is his duty to 748 01:08:10.800 --> 01:08:18.479 worship me. Now we have the story of Satan's fall from grace, his 749 01:08:18.680 --> 01:08:24.399 prideful belligerence caused him and the other angels who shared his opinions to get kicked 750 01:08:24.399 --> 01:08:30.520 out of heaven, a prequel that fits nicely into Enoch's Watcher's story. Secondy 751 01:08:30.560 --> 01:08:34.000 Knock, believed to be written in the late first century CE, adds the 752 01:08:34.119 --> 01:08:39.239 detail that a group of rebellious angels, led by one in particular, actually 753 01:08:39.319 --> 01:08:43.439 tried to overthrow God, but God casts them out to fly around above a 754 01:08:43.720 --> 01:08:49.039 bottomless pit. So, with all this intertestamental literature floating around, writers at 755 01:08:49.079 --> 01:08:53.960 the time had plenty of material to draw from when writing the New Testament, 756 01:08:54.319 --> 01:09:00.439 particularly the now freshly baked concept of one entity to villainize, whom Jesus the 757 01:09:00.520 --> 01:09:06.079 Christ can be pitted against and dunk on right and left. The Gospels, 758 01:09:06.279 --> 01:09:12.159 written between seventy and one ten C start hot and heavy with Satan as the 759 01:09:12.239 --> 01:09:15.359 ultimate bad guy, the prince of demons, and someone with whom Jesus must 760 01:09:15.399 --> 01:09:21.039 continually contend. In Mark and Luke, we see the kingdom of God threatened 761 01:09:21.079 --> 01:09:26.840 by the ranks of evil who worked to undermine Jesus at every turn. Matthew, 762 01:09:26.920 --> 01:09:30.079 Mark, and Luke all have Satan popping up as soon as Jesus is 763 01:09:30.119 --> 01:09:34.159 baptized by John the famous Temptation of Christ in the Desert, though Mark leaves 764 01:09:34.199 --> 01:09:40.159 out the three parts of this story refer back to the Zoroastrian tale of Zoroaster 765 01:09:40.279 --> 01:09:44.880 himself being tempted by Ahriman for where this idea came from. And just like 766 01:09:45.079 --> 01:09:49.039 Zoroaster, Jesus channels divinity to turn the forces of evil, who all felled 767 01:09:49.039 --> 01:09:55.720 their saving throws and had to flee away from him for one whole minute cleverly, 768 01:09:55.920 --> 01:09:59.600 although Satan is a fully realized, free floating, full torso vaporous, 769 01:09:59.600 --> 01:10:03.000 ever, and by this point he still fulfills his namesake as an obstacle for 770 01:10:03.159 --> 01:10:09.520 Jesus to overcome. Scholars have been confused by the temptation story in the Gospels 771 01:10:09.560 --> 01:10:13.079 for a number of reasons, not the least being why didn't Jesus use his 772 01:10:13.159 --> 01:10:17.479 magical powers against the devil like he does other times? And why was Satan, 773 01:10:17.800 --> 01:10:21.479 who knew Jesus was divine, fighting a battle he knew he couldn't win 774 01:10:21.640 --> 01:10:27.000 by trying to tempt the Son of God. It makes for a very clumsy 775 01:10:27.079 --> 01:10:30.439 and not well thought out of introduction to the enemy of all good in the 776 01:10:30.560 --> 01:10:33.680 universe. But that was the introduction a figure born of the crucible of the 777 01:10:33.800 --> 01:10:39.159 times, solidified in the Cumran literature of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and fully 778 01:10:39.239 --> 01:10:45.039 utilized with the introduction of the Messiah in the New Testament. The Gospels also 779 01:10:45.119 --> 01:10:49.760 feature a new disturbing aspect of belief popular at the time. Satan's association with 780 01:10:50.239 --> 01:10:57.439 illness and ugliness most likely inspired by the old Mesopotamian idea of demons being the 781 01:10:57.520 --> 01:11:01.720 cause of maladies. It's now demon session directed by Satan himself that causes a 782 01:11:01.800 --> 01:11:06.199 person to be a leper, have her crooked back, suffer from epilepsy, 783 01:11:06.600 --> 01:11:12.359 be blind, have acne, have bacne, get a hangnail, enjoy the 784 01:11:12.399 --> 01:11:15.920 show. Two and a half men decide they should start a podcast or just 785 01:11:15.119 --> 01:11:20.319 be downright fugly towrant God, the good creator of all things, that caused 786 01:11:20.359 --> 01:11:23.960 such suffering, even though he had all the power to fix them, No 787 01:11:24.880 --> 01:11:30.039 twas the devil, and only through the miracles of Jesus the Christ could they 788 01:11:30.119 --> 01:11:34.760 be cured. The original meaning of a satan wasn't entirely forgotten, though, 789 01:11:34.880 --> 01:11:40.319 and Jesus himself even calls Peter Satan when he says, get thee behind me. 790 01:11:40.520 --> 01:11:45.079 Satan thou art an offense unto me, Peter is being an impediment, 791 01:11:45.319 --> 01:11:50.840 an obstacle, a Satan to Jesus, but not thee Satan. The Gospel 792 01:11:50.880 --> 01:11:55.359 of John plays with this idea, while in the midst of Satan being a 793 01:11:55.479 --> 01:12:01.039 real figure and the socioeconomic climate at the time, in political rivals thus either 794 01:12:01.159 --> 01:12:06.359 take the place of Satan or become instruments of his maschinations. It's like a 795 01:12:06.439 --> 01:12:12.159 little text mex of Satan the job title and Satan the bad guy. It 796 01:12:12.279 --> 01:12:15.640 must have been a popular sentiment, though, as Paul's writings post Gospels seem 797 01:12:15.720 --> 01:12:20.239 to continue the trend of branding anyone who thought differently than he did as being 798 01:12:20.359 --> 01:12:25.800 under the influence of the devil or needing to be sent to the devil via 799 01:12:26.000 --> 01:12:31.479 exile. That is some spicy forgiveness, I tell you what. Satan thus 800 01:12:31.560 --> 01:12:38.319 moves on from Jesus and becomes Paul's main rival. Ironically, it's Paul who 801 01:12:38.359 --> 01:12:44.960 suffers from some kind of mystery illness variously interpreted as anything from epilepsy to conjunctive 802 01:12:45.000 --> 01:12:49.119 vitus and something I just pointed out that in anyone else would have been considered 803 01:12:49.199 --> 01:12:56.000 demonic possession. The two never meet in the Paul line works. But Paul 804 01:12:56.119 --> 01:13:00.000 sure thinks Satan works through other people to stop what Paul is trying to accomplish. 805 01:13:00.920 --> 01:13:05.279 Satan here is taking on a more refined role, not just hiding in 806 01:13:05.319 --> 01:13:12.439 shadows or ordering minions around. He's actively influencing human beings and getting into their 807 01:13:12.479 --> 01:13:15.399 minds. But let's go ahead and get to the good stuff, the superci 808 01:13:15.520 --> 01:13:20.000 and final form Satan takes in the Bible and the Book of Revelation, the 809 01:13:20.119 --> 01:13:27.279 ever popular apocalyptic genre was something Jews and Christians alike found maccabley appealing, and 810 01:13:27.439 --> 01:13:33.319 in John of Patmosa's siminar work, the evil One did not disappoint. Despite 811 01:13:33.359 --> 01:13:38.760 the metaphors alluding to Rome and its oppression of Jewish and Christian culture, the 812 01:13:38.880 --> 01:13:44.720 symbolism found in Revelation transcended its original purpose and became a whole slew of new 813 01:13:44.840 --> 01:13:48.520 characters and settings for future church leaders to play with. That's not to say 814 01:13:48.640 --> 01:13:53.840 there aren't depictions of an actual figure of true evil that were also meant that 815 01:13:53.920 --> 01:13:58.920 way, but these two came from centuries of borrowing and mixing concepts of evil 816 01:13:59.079 --> 01:14:04.680 from other cultures for a variety of reasons, as previously discussed. Equivalences abound 817 01:14:04.800 --> 01:14:10.920 in Revelation, meaning a certain beast equates to a certain empire or ruler, 818 01:14:11.359 --> 01:14:15.720 and according to John, association or following of said empire or ruler equated to 819 01:14:15.840 --> 01:14:20.039 worship of Satan. In the book, we see how the idea of taking 820 01:14:20.119 --> 01:14:25.600 pressure of sin off of God or the Jewish people themselves comes to a head 821 01:14:26.039 --> 01:14:30.279 and has applied to a whole army of evil, a whole malicious force that 822 01:14:30.399 --> 01:14:35.760 has conspired against the world behind the scenes all along. Scapegoat is a term 823 01:14:35.840 --> 01:14:40.920 I've avoided using because I'm going to go into marvelous detail about it in part 824 01:14:41.000 --> 01:14:45.439 two. But suffice it to say that was the agenda ever since the Intertestamental 825 01:14:45.560 --> 01:14:51.239 period, and one could argue since the Babylonian exile. The horrors of Revelation 826 01:14:51.720 --> 01:14:56.359 are a train wreck. Readers couldn't take their eyes off of, and it 827 01:14:56.560 --> 01:15:01.600 was easy for future leaders to point at and inspire fear in adherence. Revelation 828 01:15:01.920 --> 01:15:06.920 showed how powerful Satan supposedly was, and people could fully see the threat they 829 01:15:08.000 --> 01:15:13.960 faced in vivid detail. I'm also avoiding many descriptions and names of the devil 830 01:15:14.079 --> 01:15:17.399 here again because I'll be discussing them in detail in Part two, things like 831 01:15:17.960 --> 01:15:26.520 visuals, the ancient Serpent, the Great Dragon, etc. Coming out of 832 01:15:26.560 --> 01:15:30.039 the New Testament. We're going to take a quick jaunt through history with some 833 01:15:30.199 --> 01:15:33.880 examples of how Satan was perceived and evolved. You might be able to guess 834 01:15:33.960 --> 01:15:38.920 the trajectory of this arc as wild things often get more and more extreme with 835 01:15:39.119 --> 01:15:43.119 time, and this kind of progression can be seen in a couple of sects 836 01:15:43.199 --> 01:15:47.039 in the first century CE. A while back, we covered the topic of 837 01:15:47.079 --> 01:15:53.640 Gnosticism on the show, an offshoot of Judeo Christianity that focused on personal spiritual 838 01:15:53.760 --> 01:15:59.680 knowledge and had its own set of concepts that weren't exactly in line with Judaism 839 01:15:59.840 --> 01:16:05.239 or Christianity, but derived from both. To them, anything material, anything 840 01:16:05.439 --> 01:16:12.800 physical experienced on earth was evil. Evil had always existed, meaning the devil 841 01:16:13.039 --> 01:16:19.439 had always existed. Apologies to Jesus, I guess who had to be incarnated 842 01:16:19.479 --> 01:16:23.439 in physical form in a place world by the devil, meaning he was evil 843 01:16:23.479 --> 01:16:28.520 since he was material. Crazily enough, this idea bopped around for centuries, 844 01:16:28.600 --> 01:16:30.960 with church leaders constantly trying to figure out how to use it or lose it. 845 01:16:32.640 --> 01:16:36.760 In those centuries, it seems the origin and purpose of the devil was 846 01:16:36.920 --> 01:16:42.520 lost by appearances. Everyone knew there was a devil and that he was bad, 847 01:16:43.079 --> 01:16:45.000 but had no idea where he came from or why he was there. 848 01:16:45.880 --> 01:16:48.600 And this is what I like to call the cottony joe period of Satan. 849 01:16:50.079 --> 01:16:55.760 The neophied Christian Church struggled to answer these questions, as well as the Odyssey, 850 01:16:56.239 --> 01:16:59.880 which books to include in a standardized canon, and what to do about 851 01:17:00.039 --> 01:17:03.960 sinners and encounters with the many things perceived as evil in the world. They 852 01:17:04.119 --> 01:17:10.119 questioned whether the devil could be saved or whether any perceived instance of him should 853 01:17:10.119 --> 01:17:14.319 be eradicated, and when a church leader spoke up and tried to establish an 854 01:17:14.359 --> 01:17:17.439 opinion or take a stand, if that idea didn't satisfy or agree with the 855 01:17:17.560 --> 01:17:24.720 slim majority of the other leaders, that leader was excommunicated. Bickering and in 856 01:17:24.880 --> 01:17:29.720 fighting were constant. Was a shit show, But instead of truly assessing the 857 01:17:29.800 --> 01:17:32.199 background of the devil and how he got to where he was, the church 858 01:17:32.359 --> 01:17:36.920 decided it was best to just figure out ways to punish those who thought slightly 859 01:17:38.000 --> 01:17:45.159 differently and further index Satan and his minions existence. The Synod of Constantinople and 860 01:17:45.239 --> 01:17:48.680 five forty three CE was a meeting to condemn the writings and views of the 861 01:17:48.760 --> 01:17:55.479 third century CE Christian scholar Origin of Alexandria. But it also codified their stance 862 01:17:55.600 --> 01:18:00.600 on certain demonic matters, eg that Christ can't be arcrificed on behalf of demons 863 01:18:00.640 --> 01:18:05.199 as well as humans, and that any punishment of demons and impious humans will 864 01:18:05.279 --> 01:18:12.000 be forever and they will never be restored, whether they knew or cared or 865 01:18:12.079 --> 01:18:15.640 not. This was the seed planted for future inquisitions and witch hunts to grow. 866 01:18:17.039 --> 01:18:21.039 Meanwhile, the ghost of Gnosticism was still flitting about, this time, 867 01:18:21.159 --> 01:18:27.479 making its home in Europe. Between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries CE, a 868 01:18:27.640 --> 01:18:31.920 movement known as the Cathars popped up around France. Among other beliefs, they 869 01:18:32.039 --> 01:18:38.279 rejected the concept of Jesus having a physical incarnation, that he was resurrected, 870 01:18:38.920 --> 01:18:43.119 that baptism was a false sacrament, and that there are two gods, one 871 01:18:43.199 --> 01:18:46.079 good one bad, which struggle for power and may or may not have been 872 01:18:46.159 --> 01:18:51.119 two forms of the same entity. Basically, they thought the God of the 873 01:18:51.199 --> 01:18:58.079 Old Testament was evil and created the physical world which was evil. Humans were 874 01:18:58.119 --> 01:19:01.399 actually angels who had been seduced by Satan and forced to spend an eternity in 875 01:19:01.479 --> 01:19:06.920 a reincarnation loop in Satan's physical realm. The only way to break the cycle 876 01:19:08.039 --> 01:19:13.680 was to renounce the material self. These beliefs are thought to have been influenced 877 01:19:13.720 --> 01:19:18.920 by the asceticism of early Gnostics, and possibly by Buddhism coming over through Byzantine 878 01:19:19.000 --> 01:19:27.399 trade routes in the Silk Road. Catharism was not popular, not on the 879 01:19:27.479 --> 01:19:30.359 whole anyway, and in fact, the Catholic Church, annoyed that they couldn't 880 01:19:30.399 --> 01:19:34.680 reign in the Cathars, ordered a crusade against them in twelve o eight. 881 01:19:36.239 --> 01:19:42.119 This led to a massacre in twelve oh nine, where at least seven thousand 882 01:19:42.199 --> 01:19:45.760 men, women and children, Cathars and Catholics who stood with them alike were 883 01:19:45.840 --> 01:19:51.479 slaughtered by Catholic forces. Morbid fact, it's also said to be where the 884 01:19:51.560 --> 01:19:59.560 phrase kill them all the Lord will recognize his own came from. By the 885 01:19:59.600 --> 01:20:03.960 fourteen century, the Cathars were all but exterminated through Catholic efforts. Hey, 886 01:20:04.119 --> 01:20:08.960 by the way, the Devil's evil just thought I'd throw that out there, 887 01:20:09.159 --> 01:20:12.119 you know, no reason. In particular, the devil's evil. It's the 888 01:20:12.199 --> 01:20:17.119 devil that's evil. During this period of interfaith warring Pope Innocent, the Third 889 01:20:17.279 --> 01:20:25.000 Harhar convened the fourth Latter in Council between twelve thirteen and twelve fifteen. Among 890 01:20:25.119 --> 01:20:30.600 other stuff like calling for the Fifth Crusade, Innocent issued seventy one cannons or 891 01:20:30.960 --> 01:20:36.319 edicts, which established the church's official position on everything from elections and marriage to 892 01:20:36.439 --> 01:20:43.680 cleaning and taking notes at trial proceedings. Hey man, he had two years 893 01:20:43.720 --> 01:20:46.079 to make all these up. They're not all going to be gold. And 894 01:20:46.319 --> 01:20:51.119 yes, Satan was discussed in one cannon. In fact, a monumental decree 895 01:20:51.319 --> 01:20:57.600 came in the First Canon with the passage saying the devil and the other demons 896 01:20:57.640 --> 01:21:03.159 were indeed created by God good, but they became bad through themselves. Man, 897 01:21:03.479 --> 01:21:11.520 however, sinned at the suggestion of the devil. That's huge. The 898 01:21:11.680 --> 01:21:16.039 church officially recognized that the devil was created by God and that man had sinned 899 01:21:16.159 --> 01:21:21.199 at the devil's suggestion, which only reinforced the idea that the serpent in the 900 01:21:21.279 --> 01:21:28.279 Garden of Eden was Satan himself. No mention, however, of how or 901 01:21:28.399 --> 01:21:34.199 why the devil had become evil decree after decree rained down from on high with 902 01:21:34.439 --> 01:21:41.920 language such as, we excommunicate an anathematize every heresy that raises against the Holy 903 01:21:42.039 --> 01:21:46.520 Orthodox and Catholic Faith, which we have above explained, condemning all heretics, 904 01:21:46.680 --> 01:21:53.159 under whatever names they may be known. Those being handed over to the secular 905 01:21:53.279 --> 01:21:58.680 rulers of their bailis, let them be abandoned to be punished with due justice. 906 01:22:00.399 --> 01:22:04.399 Canon three. And since the soul is far more precious than the body, 907 01:22:04.800 --> 01:22:09.760 we forbid, under penalty of anathema, that a physician advised a patient 908 01:22:09.880 --> 01:22:15.399 to have a recourse to sinful means for the recovery of bodily health. Canon 909 01:22:15.479 --> 01:22:19.119 twenty two. We ordain that the predates of the Church be more willing and 910 01:22:19.359 --> 01:22:27.319 energetic in punishing evil words. Canon fifty five. Jews are not to be 911 01:22:27.399 --> 01:22:32.319 given public offices. Anyone instrumental in doing this is to be punished. Canon 912 01:22:32.439 --> 01:22:38.199 sixty nine, The one about the physicians basically saying you got to call for 913 01:22:38.279 --> 01:22:42.640 a priest before you do anything as a doctor to a person who needs a 914 01:22:42.760 --> 01:22:49.119 doctor. The word punish or punishment is in their fifty five times. The 915 01:22:49.239 --> 01:22:55.560 word love is in there twice, always following the word fear, once for 916 01:22:55.680 --> 01:23:00.439 what motivates one's witness testimony, and once for what crusaders must have in their 917 01:23:00.479 --> 01:23:03.920 eyes, quote unquote, the fear and love of God. Most of the 918 01:23:03.960 --> 01:23:08.680 rest of the punishments mentioned in the Canons pertained to the punishment of clerics and 919 01:23:08.840 --> 01:23:11.800 church leaders. But I bring this up to give you an idea of how 920 01:23:11.920 --> 01:23:17.399 language like this and future popal decrees led to countless slaughtering and maskring for the 921 01:23:17.479 --> 01:23:26.159 next seven hundred years at least, crusades, inquisitions which hunts, conversion missions, 922 01:23:26.800 --> 01:23:31.359 gold land, and righteous fanaticism swept across the world, all under the 923 01:23:31.439 --> 01:23:38.960 approval, perhaps even glee, of the papacy. I will not attempt to 924 01:23:39.000 --> 01:23:44.800 go over every instance of these types of zealotry through history, because the podcast 925 01:23:44.880 --> 01:23:46.840 would never end. And I love you and I don't want you to be 926 01:23:46.920 --> 01:23:51.479 punished, and that's a decree from Pope David Canon for twenty sixty nine. 927 01:23:54.000 --> 01:23:59.119 Nor will we hit every example of perceived devilry otherwise throughout history. But I 928 01:23:59.279 --> 01:24:01.520 do have just a few more big ones to pin on here in this section. 929 01:24:02.720 --> 01:24:09.640 In thirteen twenty one, Italian poet Dante Alighieri finishes his infamous The Divine 930 01:24:09.720 --> 01:24:15.000 Comedy, and his first part, Inferno, provides a brand new imaginative mythology 931 01:24:15.079 --> 01:24:20.479 of the devil, complete with a visceral map of Hell. His work would 932 01:24:20.600 --> 01:24:26.840 inspire depictions and descriptions of Satan and his home to this day. More detail 933 01:24:26.920 --> 01:24:31.119 on that later, fourteen thirty one, a nineteen year old woman is burned 934 01:24:31.159 --> 01:24:36.359 at the stake and ruined France for the crime of public heresy. The pro 935 01:24:36.600 --> 01:24:43.680 English church officials condemned her for wearing male clothing, having visions deemed demonic, 936 01:24:44.119 --> 01:24:47.720 and refusing to submit to the Church's judgment. That, of course, was 937 01:24:47.840 --> 01:24:51.439 Joan of arc now a patron saint of France. Too little, too late. 938 01:24:53.680 --> 01:24:58.680 In another example of supreme irony, Joan claimed God had given her divine 939 01:24:58.760 --> 01:25:02.720 guidance on defeating the English and installing Charles the seventh of France to the throne. 940 01:25:04.039 --> 01:25:10.319 An intensely pious and devoted Catholic, Joan made the mistake of getting in 941 01:25:10.359 --> 01:25:13.800 the way of politics with the cherry. On top of being a strong, 942 01:25:13.880 --> 01:25:18.439 willed, capable woman. The trial was a foregone conclusion, as the mostly 943 01:25:18.520 --> 01:25:24.640 pro English clergy, as well as the University of Paris representatives who participated in 944 01:25:24.720 --> 01:25:29.439 the trial were invested in a dual monarchy, with the English king at the 945 01:25:29.520 --> 01:25:33.399 forefront. In this case, though they didn't stop it. The Catholic Church 946 01:25:33.600 --> 01:25:38.880 was not the responsible party for the atrocity, whichwas the politics of the English. 947 01:25:39.079 --> 01:25:43.880 What did the deed, But it is an example of something that had 948 01:25:43.960 --> 01:25:48.319 been happening and would continue to happen with the devil to blame something. Gerald 949 01:25:48.399 --> 01:25:56.239 Massardier wrote very eloquently, quote the accusation against Joan is a clear precursor of 950 01:25:56.319 --> 01:26:00.560 the greatest tragedy of modern times, the universal edification of the devil, with 951 01:26:00.840 --> 01:26:09.880 whatever is different end quote. Sixteen sixty seven, English poet John Milton completes 952 01:26:09.920 --> 01:26:14.560 his first edition of the epic poem Paradise Lost, a creative narrative of the 953 01:26:14.680 --> 01:26:18.520 fall of Man's story. From this work, we can point to several examples 954 01:26:18.560 --> 01:26:21.960 of future perceptions of the devil, not the least of which is how Milton 955 01:26:23.039 --> 01:26:29.359 personifies Satan's fervor in warring against God and the angels and perpetrating evil, and 956 01:26:29.720 --> 01:26:34.840 Milton's outright presentation of Satan as the snake in the Garden of Eden. Milton 957 01:26:34.920 --> 01:26:40.800 follows the secondy knocktale of Satan's fall from heaven along with his followers and the 958 01:26:41.000 --> 01:26:45.680 now winged Satan is free to fly between Hell and Earth to stir up trouble 959 01:26:45.760 --> 01:26:50.840 and seek dominion over Paradise. The idea all but guaranteed the notion of the 960 01:26:50.960 --> 01:26:58.920 fall from Grace narrative over any other Satan origin stories. Interestingly, scholars and 961 01:26:59.079 --> 01:27:02.359 authors over the years have come to regard the character of Satan in Paradise Lost 962 01:27:02.800 --> 01:27:09.640 as the sympathetic hero of the story, a complex character with desires and goals, 963 01:27:09.800 --> 01:27:15.199 driven by the statement that its quote better to reign and Hell than serve 964 01:27:15.399 --> 01:27:21.159 in Heaven end quote. Satan began really filling out a more three D image 965 01:27:21.439 --> 01:27:28.800 than previously portrayed, and by the eighteenth century, the devi Ill was involved 966 01:27:28.840 --> 01:27:32.680 in everything bad, even to the point of ridiculousness, as exemplified in Daniel 967 01:27:32.760 --> 01:27:38.840 Defoe's seventeen twenty six work The Political History of the Devil, in which Satan 968 01:27:39.000 --> 01:27:43.960 influenced many events of the past, including making a pact with Oliver Cromwell. 969 01:27:45.039 --> 01:27:48.840 Satan promised Cromwell power as far as the title of Protector, but not King 970 01:27:49.159 --> 01:27:55.119 of England, a term of the contract that eventually made Cromwell so angry his 971 01:27:55.239 --> 01:28:11.279 spleen burst and he died. Couldn't have happened to a better guy? Do 972 01:28:11.600 --> 01:28:19.239 some folks? Then go delos deaver know some folks, says then, oh 973 01:28:19.439 --> 01:28:28.760 you devils, dead devils, Tom, delve on that hit on my bed, 974 01:28:29.640 --> 01:28:36.680 My beds my Tom, devel hit on my my bed. Go away, 975 01:28:36.840 --> 01:28:45.840 Delve del leave me alone, leave me go way down, de leave 976 01:28:45.920 --> 01:28:51.680 me alone, leave me. This will be the station where the train stops 977 01:28:51.760 --> 01:28:56.840 for now, halfway through our journey to learn how the Devil came to be 978 01:28:57.600 --> 01:29:01.039 and evolved through history. We've covered a hell of a lot of ground, 979 01:29:01.439 --> 01:29:05.760 literally, but we have a lot more to cover. In Part two, 980 01:29:06.399 --> 01:29:11.960 I'll talk about the devils of other cultures, since we've been focused primarily on 981 01:29:12.000 --> 01:29:16.079 the Judeo Christian and Ancient Near East mythology so far. I'll also be breaking 982 01:29:16.159 --> 01:29:19.920 down the origin of many of the host of names associated with the Devil, 983 01:29:20.239 --> 01:29:26.680 including Lucifer Biel's above, Mephistopheles, Beli'll, etc. Etc. Then we'll 984 01:29:26.680 --> 01:29:30.960 talk about the evolution of the Devil's appearance through the years and his portrayal and 985 01:29:30.079 --> 01:29:35.239 pop culture in the nineteenth to twenty first centuries, and I'll conclude with a 986 01:29:35.359 --> 01:29:42.920 strong look at the philosophical, cultural, and socio political implications this character has 987 01:29:42.960 --> 01:29:47.239 had on the world. Stay tuned. If you miss it, you're gonna 988 01:29:47.279 --> 01:30:00.800 have the devil to pay the bottom Oyle pocket book bottom ayu will be seeing 989 01:30:01.439 --> 01:30:10.000 when you won't do nothing? Body shaan't I I don't have to do nothing, 990 01:30:10.279 --> 01:30:20.239 but was sha't? When you marry marry real oald May, when you 991 01:30:20.640 --> 01:30:28.640 marry married real, own name, living to your son or donal