Hello, and welcome to the show. I'm Martin Willis your host, and
we have guests Jobie Sofa Clark on this uh this evening and a very interesting
person. I've heard him talk on a few other shows. Uh. He's
got a lot of he's got a lot of theories. He uses some other
like on the basis of some theories and has his own takes on them.
It's pretty interesting. I hope you enjoy him as a guest. Uh.
This week, we have a blog by Charles Lear. It's part two of
Resilian UFO Hotspot and a general so check that out. Again. Those are
made into audio podcasts as well by Charles, and he does a great job
researching. I hope you check that out. He's also the author of The
UFO Investigators and that book's available on Amazon and all that. So a little
later on this week, we have Crossfire UAP Crossfire Thursday nights every Thursday night.
That's a two hour along with Christaperno, myself and a Commander Cobra.
Usually he's not going to be there this week, and also Don Ecker who's
filling in for him though is Chris Lambright. Chris Lambright wrote a great book
about the Paul Benowitz case, and he's going to be talking about that.
We're also going to be talking on that show about Sean Kirkpatrick's aaro parting words
that's out there on I think it's Scientific America or can't remember exactly the website
that's on there, but we're going to be discussing that, and we'll just
I'm not real thrilled with some of it, but I understand some of what
he said makes some sense. But we'll dissect that and talk about that again
on Thursday night. Also Thursday night, I'll be playing a little teaser of
a recording that I'm going to be doing earlier that day with Representative timber Chet,
So i'll have that full clip on a week from today. I also
have Dave Scott, He's going to be our guest next week, but the
full interview with tember Chet will be on we'll be posted next a week from
tonight Tuesday. But I will put a little teaser in this coming Thursday when
we do the UAP Crossfire, So check that out. You can only actually
see that on KGr A Radio Live or right here on this YouTube channel,
So that's the way you can watch that. Particular show, So I am
ready to bring in our guests. Welcome to the show. Joby, Hey,
thanks for having me Martin. Yes, thanks for being on. And
you have a lot of interesting theories that you kind of dive into. And
how long have you been looking into, say, all the topics that was
just kind of like a lifelong type of thing that you've been interested in these
type of things. Well, I mean, I'm only twenty six, but
ever since I graduated in twenty twenty, I've been you know, studying this
very thoroughly and you know, diving down this rabbit hole full time. Basically,
I'm an independent researcher. I have like many theories about essentially the evolution
from single celled organisms to civilization and the loops and hoops that we had to
jump through and the lucky coincidences that essentially brought us here to this, you
know, amazing civilization. Yes, a lot of times I do talk about
this. I also do a show occasionally called The Everything Else Show where I
discussed all kinds of topics, and I have talked a lot about my interests
in this part about evolution and about the first spark of life, how all
these things had to be lined up the chemicals, the you know, it
seems like a miracle that that could happen. And you know, some of
the thoughts are possible, possibly panspermia. You know that maybe life is floating
from other places and you know comes in on say a media or something like
that. But the bottom line is it had to start somewhere. The first
spark of life had to start somewhere. And I understand by listening to you
talk you have a theory about kind of how rare life is, and I'm
wondering if that's the case. I know you talk about plate tectonics and how
that played a role. The moon I've always thought played a role in it,
and I believe you do as well. But the thing that I have
a feeling that life wants to be, wants to exist. You know,
when you take and you look at places where life shouldn't be, it is,
you know, like in places where there's absolutely no light, there's no
source of energy that we can think of, and yet there's life there.
And then in these acid pools there's life there, you know, And so
I think life wants to find a way. But you have a different idea
about you think that life is more or less rare, and we may be
just the exception. Yeah, So when you talk about panspermia and essentially the
origin of life, so there's basically two two schools of thought. Seemingly,
one is that somehow life arose somewhere else and then by traveling through space,
it eventually crashed onto Earth and then you know, those were the first life
forms and then they start, you know, making copies of themselves, et
cetera, et cetera. But in my research, I'm a strong proponent of
abiogenesis, which is essentially the other side of the argument is that rather than
non living matter becoming matter somewhere else and then crashing onto Earth, the idea
is that abiogenesis, the process of turning non living matter into living matter,
occurred on Earth. And essentially the mechanism that I propose of how this happened
was plate tectonics. Essentially, the the core component of life existing is energy
because we need energy to you know, survive, And the question is how
did this life get energy before photosynthesis had existed, because you know, photosynthesists,
you could say, is the solar panels of early life forms. And
you don't just go from nothing to solar panels, you need a step in
between to get energy and basically a source of chemical energy, and one amazing
source of chemical energy that could fuel a biogenesis is plate tectonics, because essentially,
unlike all the other planets in our solar system, which are just a
one plate structure that is unmoving and solid, just stationary, we have plate
tectonics where essentially you could say that the crust is like a slow moving conveyor
belt bringing elements from the core of our Earth that have been exposed to heat
and pressure, and then they surface on the surface of the planet. So
essentially you have this free conveyor belt food machine that is constantly bringing free chemical
energy for you could say, abiotic systems that could use that chemical energy.
So the question is how did it actually eat the food before it was alive?
You could say that there it's possible that systems of chemical reactions lasted indefinitely
because their ingredients kept getting replenished over and over. So the you know,
the the chemical reaction kept gone going and then it's slowly changing and mutating a
little bit, and then eventually that mutation might gain the ability to drop a
copy of itself or an egg and then now you know that that egg is
going to drop an egg, and that egg just drop an egg and the
boom, Now there's life. So I think when you compare pants fermia with
a biogenesis, I always thought the idea of pants fermia was a bit odd
because basically what you're saying is that abiogenesis occurred somewhere else and then traveled through
the cold you know, you know, zero degree space, and then interacted
with more atmosphere, so it was really cold and then it was really hot,
and then it survived. So it seems less likely that pants spermia happened,
and it seems much more likely that a biogenesis occurred on Earth, especially
given the fact that plate tectonics exist here, which is a crucial component of
how these systems might have gotten life forms. I mean energy, And sorry,
remind me of your other question or your other is kind of lost in
thought. While it was panspermia and the first spark of life, the possibility
of the first park of life, foot I did want to ask you a
question on something you said, and are we sure that there are no other
planets in our Solar system with a plate system? Are we positive about that?
And how do we know that? Do you know? We're fairly sure,
I believe. I mean, you can just look at Mars and it's
quite obvious because if there was a a plate techonic structure, you would be
able to just see it. And then in the case of Venus, I
guess is a little more hazy, like it seems like this surface is a
little messed up. But I think we would know our telescopes would be able
to like determine whether a surface is moving, because it's a completely different thing.
So I'm I'm pretty sure we're sure on that one. I know,
uh, you know, like Jupiter's a guess, a gas planet, and
uh but uh, you know, I mean they they have talked about the
possibility of life on is it Europa? I believe, you know, because
of the uh, the orbiting and the expanding and contracting could cause some type
of a thermal situation, you know. Uh, but it's covered with ice,
so it's it's uh, it's an interesting theory that there could be actually
life underneath that. So we don't know, I mean, we as far
as we know I heard you say this, we don't think that there's any
life in our solar system. But we don't know, you know, we
can't be certain of it, You're right, I mean we can't actually be
certain until we like fly over to Europa and look at the water. But
yeah, from from my you know, it's like without without any of the
data, just looking on like the chemistry and the physics behind a biogenesis.
If you make the assumption that plate tectonics is a requirement, then we can
deduce that there wouldn't be any life unless it's a planet with plate tectonics.
As far as Europa like, I think, the idea was that the underground
oceans might have some mechanism of a biogenesis. And what we do know is
that many of the current theories of a biogenesis revolve around hydrothermal events, which
are essentially underwater events of lots of very highly concentrated materials, and the idea
is that life could you know, you know, the abiotic systems might evolve
through these hydro thermal events. However, in my research, I also found
that hydro thermal events are a result of plate tectonics, so I went back
to the plate tectonics idea. So yeah, I mean, we might be
able to in fact a way to disprove my theory would be able to find
life on a planet without play technoics. Yeah, that would be Yeah,
then we that would be a major step, a major step for me and
kind just to find life in general. And you know with U I had
a astrophysicist on Adam. I cannot remember his lass name right now, but
he was on I don't know a few months ago and basically said that he's
in a program that has is working with the James Webb Telescope that is trying
to write papers on how to find techno signatures out there, which I think
is fascinating. And I think that's you know, I think that's the way
we're probably going to find something elsewhere myself, only because you know these things
of SETI, you know, looking for radio signals. Well, maybe radio
signals were never used. Maybe it was something entirely different. I don't know,
you know, it's better they're looking, they're looking, they're not looking
at all. But I don't know if the radio signal signals were the correct
method of what you know, we have no idea what would be looking for
and if there was alien technology out there, and I don't know if it
could be encompassed in signals, it might be a whole different technology. I
have some thoughts about that. So I think when you're basically you can essentially
take our civilization and what occurred, and if you're looking for another civilization,
the assumption was would that be that that civilization would also create you know,
technology similar similar to ours, and you know, how would you detect such
a thing? Well, I think there's like lots of ways to detect it.
For example, like if you look at our civilization, we're very a
young civilization, meaning if you fast forward or did like a thousand years into
future, you might see our civilization start, you know, becoming multiplanetary and
even creating large megastructures like dice and storms. If you're familiar, it's basically
a bunch of solar panels around US star. They would essentially have the ability
to create megastructures in space and start you know, organizing all the matter in
their solar system and then start going to the next solar system and the next
solar system. So, you know, beyond just radio signals that you might
expect if we were near another civilization, I think any other civilization would also
have goals to become multiplanetary and become a vast you know, civilization. So
you know, beyond just radio signals, you might also see megastructures and you
know, much more obvious things. But we still haven't seen any of those.
So yeah, I mean techno signatures. My belief is that, you
know, if there was a civilization, we would probably know because they would
be creating, you know, gigantic structures in space that would be obvious.
I know what, there was a theory for a while that we did find
a dyce in sphere out there, but ended up they think it might be
more like dust or something like that. This was I don't know, maybe
five or six years ago. Did you follow that. I'm not sure if
I remember hearing about that, but yeah, dyce in swarm, if you
see one, you're probably going to see two or you're going to see three.
Yeah, and I think they called that like a type I think they
called a type two civilization. Yeah, when it's up that in that range,
sorry, give me more second. The sun is in my eyes,
Yeah, I see that out in sunny California. It's dark where I am
here, South Carolina. Yeah, yeah, yeah, so yeah, that's
better. So yeah, I mean, this is all all fascinating to me,
and I also, what was your your thoughts on the Fermi paradox.
I've always thought, well, you know, one of the things that was
never accounted for is something is visiting us. You know, I don't know
what it is. I can't say it's extraterrestrial, but I know that something
seems to be visiting us, and there's certainly enough evidence to that. But
what was your thoughts on the Fermi paradox. I know, it's it's pretty
involved, and I actually didn't see I didn't hear your theory on that.
Yeah, So if your viewers are unfamiliar, the Fermi paradox is essentially the
idea of if there are you know, billions of planets that are possibly habitable
in the Milky Way galaxy alone, not to mention, you know, the
thirty galaxies in our neighborhood and the billions of galaxies in the observable universe.
It's a very large contradiction that we don't see techno signatures because the sheer you
know, trillions of you know, one tillions that keep going up with the
number there's so many, the sheer volume of you know, planets in our
absorbable universe, if there was even a small chance that life could arise,
we would expect to see many, many techno signatures all over the galaxy.
And yet we don't see any of these techno signatures. We don't see these
gigantic structures, We see none of this. And you know, maybe like
five years ago we saw one that might have been a dice and storm,
but it didn't seem to have enough evidence. So the that's the essentially the
firm paradox is the contradiction between the sheer number and the lack of evidence.
So in my theories, like essentially this rabbit hole that I've been going down
is essentially the rare Earth explanation for the firming paradox, the idea that civilization,
the reason we don't see civilizations is because civilization is so rare because there
were certain things in our history that just so happened to be like lucky coincidences
that were very probabilistically slim to occur. And essentially what I did was I
found all of these things that were very slim probabilities, and I calculated like
a possible probability of what they might have been and this gave me the ability
to get a generalized probability estimate of civilization in our universe. So I could
tell you, like, if you want, it's kind of like spoilers.
Yeah, no, I'd like to hear it. Yeah, So, in
my estimate, civilization occurs less than one in ten to the forty star systems,
but there are only at most ten to the thirty star systems in our
observable universe. So according to my research, I believe that the reason that
we don't observe any civilizations in our observable universe is because civilization naturally occurring.
Civilization is just simply so rare. And if you want, I could talk
about the exact events that were necessary for civilization to exist. And we're also
an extremely low probability. Oh yeah, I mean that, I'm all about
it. Well, I'd like to hear because I you know, I have
looked into these type of things in the past and it is really you know,
I mean there's so many just just the fact that ice floats is one
of the things that if that didn't float, then we wouldn't be here,
you know, I mean, there's all you know, there's all kinds of
things like that. Yeah, So so here are all the lucky accidents.
Cool, cool, cool. So I'll start with the three really really big
ones. So the first one is Thea's collision, which is the creation event
of Earth's Moon. Essentially, when we you know, went to the Moon
mission, the Apollo mission, we found something crazy. We found that the
the isotopes on the Moon were identical to the isotopes on Earth, which would
imply that they were essentially made of the same material, which essentially implies that
the Moon formed was a result of a collision. So this is essentially the
reason why our Moon is so extremely massive compared to Earth, because if you
look at any other moon of a planet, they're always going to be very
like pebble like compared to their host planet because that they had formed naturally when
the Solar System informed they weren't the result of a collision. So essentially what
happened. I argue that this is essentially the reason why our planet become became
habitable in the first place, is because this this planets hit, this planet
hits us right. According to the model I use, which is a a
of the scientist of from UC Davis named Sarah Stewart also working with NASA.
Essentially, the reason why our Moon's orbit angle is currently five degrees is explained
in this model. So essentially what happened was first THEA the other planet,
hits Earth at a seventy five degree angle, and then all the debris forms
the Moon, and so we're starting at seventy five degrees. And then the
Sun basically and all of the Solar System is on one disc. Because how
solar system formed an angular momentum, all of the gases when they coalesced to
the Sun, they spin around and become a disc. So the Moon is
being gravitally attracted downwards to this disk because it was initially at seventy five degree
angle, right, so the gravity pulls it down to zero. But since
the Moon just so happened to be so massive, it drags our tilt,
which was started at seventy five degrees down to twenty three degrees. So and
then also because of our moon is so massive, it actually keeps our tilt
at twenty three degrees, preventing it from moving up or down. And that's
so there's a lot to break down here, but it's very crucial that our
or tilt does not change, because, for example, we have studies that
say that mars Is tilt had you know, changed by upwards of ten or
twenty degrees over its million year lifetime. So the problem with that is if
any life form had adapted to a certain temperature range and then randomly that changed
and the entire weather system got all uprooted and everything changed, that life form
would probably just die out. So number one is stability. We have tides
and we have a stable tilt. But the other thing. The other thing
is the question of where Earth got it's water, because when the Solar system
first formed, the solar wind essentially pushed all of the water towards Jupiter.
Because at those really high temperatures when the sun the Solar system first formed,
anything that is a gas and not a liquid at those temperatures is just going
to be shoved to the Jupiter and beyond. That's why all the gas giants
start at Jupiter and then everything is a gas. So Earth didn't have any
water because it was pushed, and we know this from doing simulations. So
the question is where did Earth get its water? Well, there are certain
studies that say thea was an icy planet and it essentially infused all this water
and volatile elements that normally would have been pushed away into Earth's core when it
crashed, so that it didn't get blown away. And now we have oceans
and everyone knows that water is a crucial, crucial component of the existence of
life, and we have these beautiful oceans. So that's two things. So
the number one, we have our axial tilt our obliquity. Number two,
we have our crucial elements. And then a third point that I make in
my research is about the existence of plate tectonics, of why we don't see
any plate tectonics on Mars or Venus or Mercury. Essentially, why is it
this single plate structure, Because when the solarism forms, that's just what's going
to happen. Crust is going to form, it's going to harden into one
crust, and there's no reason that it would go into a higher energy state
like plate technics, because you know, conservation of energy. It simply doesn't
make sense that that would physically occur. However, if a gigantic planet crashes
into you and breaks your crust and then the planet is you know, similar
mass to Earth, I essentially argue that this collision is what created plate tectonics
on Earth, because what I think happened was the planet crashed right, and
this is going to create a lot of heat. So once it crashes,
the entire crust is molten, so it's no longer hard at all. But
there's also a bunch of mixing because there's a bunch of elements and the heavy
elements are trying to go down and the light elements are trying to go up.
But everything that just got thrown thrown into chaos because this ginormous planet hits
us. So there's a bunch of mixing. But this is a really slow
process because it's on a planet. But the crust hardening is like a you
know, not that the process maybe happens in like a couple of thousands of
years. So when the crust hardens, but it's still mixing, it's going
to lock into place. And I think I propose that this is what created
the permanent subduction zones, where one area of crust is permanently being shoved under
another and then the other side of the crust is being replenished by a divergent
boundary, and this created a permanent plate tectonic system on Earth when normally it
would just be a stationary plate. And essentially, as we know in my
other theory about plate tectonics, it could have been crucial for a biogenesis.
And then there's also other extremely extremely important benefits of plate tectonics, like the
fact of recycling. If a life form on the surface dies and it just
is a clump of useless matter that no one wants because it's like rotted or
it's just useless, eventually, in millions of years, that useless matter will
be recycled into the Earth. So basically we have our own recycling machine because
any trash will eventually go into a subduction zone and fall into Earth's surface.
So essentially, this collision, as far as we know, happened in the
most perfect, miraculous way that we could even possibly conceive of, and as
far as we know, if any you know, minute detail was slightly different,
we might have not been a habitable planet. And when you're thinking about
habitability and civilization, the evolution from single cell to civilization took four point five
billion years. However, we also know that in a billion years or possibly
less, maybe even half a billion years, the Sun in its natural life
cycle is expanding and gaining heat, and in about a billion years it'll start
boiling the oceans and creating, you know, huge problems on Earth. So
if we had evolved just twenty percent or just ten percent slower, it's likely
that the Sun would have rendered our planet uninhabitable before civilization could have evolved.
So when you look at all these factors and you look at thea's collision of
how perfect it could have been, it's called what I call my research the
thirty percent rule, or you know, I just call it thirty percent rule.
And basically, if you can prove any thing in Earth's history that increased
our light our evolution speed by thirty percent or more, we have to assume
that that was necessary for civilization to exist in our universe, generally speaking,
meaning generalizable to all civilizations. Because of the principle of mediocrity, which essentially
states, if you pick a random thing, you're most likely to pick the
most numerous category. So if we just assume our civilization is the most numerous
type of civilization, it essentially implies that the likelihood of our civilization is generalizable
to all civilizations in the universe. So yeah, so that's just number one
thease collision, of which happened miraculously for all we know. So do you
have any questions? I know I just explained like a lot of Yeah.
Right, So, well, Mars had water at one time, you know,
and it lost its magnetosphere and that's probably one of the reasons that they
lost their atmosphere and their water and all that. But you know, that's
very important and crucial that we have the magnetosphere we have. Otherwise would be,
you know, we would have a radiation issue and all that, and
we lose our water, we lose our atmosphere, we lose all that.
But so how do you think that Mars? I mean, it's very good
evidence that Mars had water as well. Do you think that was also part
of a collision? I know there is a there's a theory out there that
we gained our water from I'm sorry, I'm trying to think of not an
asteroid, but what are the what are the ones there ice that travel through
I just just losing the word commets. Yeah, comets. That's uh.
The theory that we have water on our planet I've heard, you know,
I mean the past theories that it could be comets. I mean, actually
that that would be a heck of a lot of comets I would think to
collide with us to get as much water as we have here on Earth.
But what do you think about Mars? How how did they gain water at
one time? Yeah, so any planet in the Solar System is going to
get some water because just like you said, there's comets. There's a bunch
of rocks out in the Solar System that have a bunch of water. They're
just basically ice ice balls with you know, dirt and metals and stuff like
that. So I'm surely Earth got some of its water from these things like
comets and stuff, but the vast amount of water is you know, it's
questionable if we could really get that much water. And then I like the
point you made about Mars and its magneto sphere. So the common understanding of
why Earth has a magnetic field is because the core, the iron core,
is essentially moving really fast and it's like spinning around and stuff. And then
the iron is basically overlapping in itself and spinning around and essentially creating a magnetic
field. So the question is, well, why is our core spinning and
why is Mars's core not spinning, and a great possible explanation of why our
core is all spinning and stuff is because of this an Yet again they has
collision of basically our you know, it would you know, violent mixing and
spinning and everything. It's possible, it's you know, entirely possible that you
know, that would have continued that spinning and created a permanent magnetic sphere.
And there's even magnetic field. There's even research. Basically there's underground structures that
we find in our core that people found with technology like similar to light are
where they kind of shoot like signals down and then and then they reflect and
then we see it. We can look at structures, so we see remnants
of thea of the planet in our core still today. So the mixing kind
of didn't fully even finish. So yeah, the magnetic sphere, so because
Mars didn't have one, eventually the solar wind slowly but surely ticked off all
the water molecules on its surface. And that's why there's evidence that Mars used
to have water, but now it does not exist because there's no magnetic field.
Getting back to just skipping around just because I see a question in chat.
That is a good point. So getting back to the mega structures,
you know, maybe there's an evolutionary uh that doesn't involve mega structures, which
is is possible. It's just a theory that if if a civilization gets to
a type two that they're going to you know, basically have control of their
their son, right. Isn't that what that's use the energy, full out
use the energy through these megastructures. I believe my what my interpretation of what
he's saying is like, perhaps a civilization would just not want to deal with
all that and just just stay on their planet. And I guess it's possible
that a civilization would would you know, decide make that decision? Yeah.
Well, and another thing about the techno signatures, I think we're we're in
an early stage of looking into that. You know, it's a possibility that
we may find some it's a big sky places to look or endless and I'm
really excited that, you know, with the technology growing the way it is,
that we eventually may find another civilization or life out there. And statistically,
you know, I know you talk about these numbers. I forget what
you said, but that was some that was a very big number, you
said, other than is yeah white paper. Oh yeah, that's that's quite
a number. But when you have these planets that they are saying earthlike planets,
you know, I had an astrophysicist on a while back, and I
believe she mentioned that there could be up to forty billion within so many I
forget how many. I think she said, there's a possibility in the I'm
not sure what galaxy. How many galaxies she said, but maybe our known
galaxies just a possibility of up to forty billion earth like planets. You know,
that sounds about right. There's probably forty billion or more Earth like planets
in the Milky Way. And if that is a fact, so are you
suggesting, like, okay, if these are earth like planets, you know,
maybe life could move there and exist there, but to start there would
be extremely rare. Is that kind of what I'm Is that kind of what
I'm hearing from you? Yeah? So, well, the idea is that
there could certainly be life in the Milky Way. In fact, I think
it's almost a certainty. But the question is will this life evolve from single
celled organisms to mammals who create civilization. So I guess now would be a
good time to talk about other rare events besides Stay's collision. So, oh,
yes, go ahead. I'm sorry I kind of interrupt the whole story
there, go ahead. Yeah, no, that's perfectly fine. I mean,
it's it's a lot to break down. But so one event, the
second most amazing event besides das collision would be the dinosaur extinct event. So
quite miraculously, sixty you know, six ish million years ago a dinosaur an
extinction event wiped out all the dinosaurs and left mammals us alive. So during
the one hundred and sixty eight million year dinosaur rule, mammals, which are
social creatures compared to dinosaurs, which are not social creatures, were at most
the size of a beaver. So basically all the mammals were the only reason
they were able to survive during dinosaurs is because they were burrowing and probably just
eating the leftovers or you know, just scavenging and nocturnal scavengers. And then
so this would have occurred, you know, and definitely unless the extinction event
had wiped them out. And normally you would say if an extinction event is
strong enough to destroy all the dinosaurs, chances are the mammals are going to
die to but that's not what happened, as we know. And when you
have basically land animals, the first land animals are always going to lay eggs
because fish always lay eggs. So the first land animals are reptiles and they
you know, stepped on land, and then they became gigantic dinosaurs. And
then mammals are like the reptiles that were not dominant and were too small and
weak, so they evolved like completely different niche and a completely different pathway.
So normally dinosaurs are always, always, always going to be dominant over mammals
because mammals are naturally smaller for a couple of reasons, including the fact that
they have to give live birth and including the fact that you know they're naturally
burrowing nocturnal scavengers. And then dinosaurs. Natural selection essentially treats dinosaurs on an
individual basis, meaning it doesn't matter because dinosaurs don't create family units. Natural
selection is just going to pick the biggest, baddest, best fighter dinosaur who
can protect its eggs the best, because all you really need to do if
you're a dinosaur is eat food and protect your eggs. But in comparison mammals.
The reason why mammals probably created civilization is because of live birth. Your
parent is actually incentivized to care for you because when they're vulnerable during pregnancy,
natural selection is going to select the ones that have an even weaker offspring because
that will make your pregnancy even faster, so you're vulnerable for a less period
of time. In comparison, dinosaurs don't even need to be pregnant. They
just lay the egg and walk away, maybe bury it a little bit.
So this miraculous event all the dinosaurs who are naturally antisocial and allows us mammals
who are collaborative, to survive. And I was, you know, I
was looking very deeply into like how exactly was this extinction event able to kill
the dinosaurs while leaving mammals live, Because if there was such a massive extinction
event, you would expect it to kill all the life on the planet,
not just the dinosaurs and leaving mammal's life. So essentially what occurred was there
were three events that normally happened every billion years that all happened in a one
million year time for so that's a thousand times a thousand times a thousand it's
pretty pretty dang unlike. So essentially there was the first thing that happened was
there was an eruption. Not many people notice that there was an eruption in
India, the deck and traps, and essentially, I think five hundred thousand
years or something after that, there was the Chickslab impact, And that's essentially
what everyone knows about this impact that hit Earth, and then we have a
bunch of evidence of this impact at that exact time. What some people don't
know about chick Slub is that it just so happened to hit a sulfur deposit.
So you know, this impactor could have hit anywhere. It could have
just hit some random desert, it could have hit it could have splashed in
the ocean. But no, instead it hits the sulfur deposit. And what
happens is a bunch of sulfurs released into the atmosphere. And this is a
global effect, creating a global winter because the sulfur reflects all of the sun's
rays. And now all the plants are dead and it's freezing cold, and
all the dinosaurs are like they're they're the dinosaurs wanted to eat the herbivores,
and the herbivores wanted to eat the plants, but all the plants are dead,
so basically the bottom of the food chain died, and then everything else
died. And now the dinosaurs can't do anything. But the rats they just
were eating insects and they were eating all the dead dinosaurs. So basically they
had a good time. And then so that's event number one and number two.
Event number three was another impactor. The reason no one knows about this
other impactor that was actually larger than Chickslave impact by like an order of magnitude
was the crater is kind of unclear because it's in the structure. Crater is
kind of in the shallows next to India, so it's it's kind of unclear
and disputed whether such thing is a crater. However, it does have a
timestamp of essentially this structure as old as essentially the same period of chicks lub.
It happened maybe five hundred or a million, couple of million years after
chicks Club impact. So this impact was If this crater is indeed legit,
it would suggest that this is the largest impact that ever occurred on Earth.
So we're talking about three events that are extremely extremely rare, all just so
happening in like a one million in year timeframe. So the question is is
it a coincidence that all of these things happened, that you know, these
unlikely occurrences all happened within this small timeframe, or is it perhaps the other
way around where this was actually necessary to happen, Because imagine if there's a
couple straggler, there's a couple of dinosaurs that don't die. Maybe they were
you know, some you know, weird dinosaurs with the weird niche where they're
kind of like, I don't know, hiding in a cave or doing this
or doing that, or maybe the the widespread global winter or the this didn't
kill just one family of dinosaurs. When all the you know, the dust
settles and the global winter ends, that dinosaurs is going to have a bunch
of babies and they're going to be dominant on the planet yet again. So
it's really really miraculous if you consider that every single dinosaur, without exception,
died, and then the mammals, the rats were able to survive, and
you know, the social creatures were able to triumph when normally they're way too
right, just on this s thought before we move on. A friend of
mine, he's been on the show a number of times. Mark de' antonio
is an astronomer, and he he was he had a theory that the dinosaurs
were getting more intelligent. Their brains are getting bigger, you know, and
they they they were around a long time and I don't know where, you
know, you know, that's not his specialty or anything like that, you
know, but but he had a theory that you know that of course,
if they didn't he totally agreeing on that topic of if they were not wiped
out, you know, we wouldn't be here. But he thought that eventually
they may become more intelligent. Wherever that led them, You're right, they
you know, most likely were not uh they were not a social or they
didn't have a family union unit or anything like that. So uh that typically
would you would think it wouldn't develop up into any type of society in any
type of way. Or they didn't have opposing thumbs either, so you know
what, they could never you know, like the dolphin's very smart, but
you know, the dolphin is not going to be writing computer code, you
know, that type of thing. But yeah, it's an interesting thought experiment.
Definitely that I considered where or the question of is dinosaur civilization possible?
Because well, we can look at it from a couple of angles. Oh,
I didn't see that, comes. I'm sorry, this is a comment.
And that's kind of a theory, you know, going off topic a
little bit, but that's kind of a theory that birds evolved from the dinosaur.
You know, that is a theory I've heard. I don't know.
No, No, it's it's true that the birds evolved from dinosaurs. But
but the thing is, birds are are not preventing mammals from growing larger because
they're just existing in in trees and nests. So the main problem with the
dinosaurs is that they were dominant, the dominant land animals, and they were
preventing mammals from growing larger than beers. Sorry, so, oh yeah,
what I was talking about is the idea that a dinosaur civilization could exist.
We can essentially look at it from a couple angles. The first one is
the principle of mediocrity, which I briefly mentioned, is the essentially of are
we an ordinary civilization? Now, if dinosaurs civilization was possible, we would
expect that to be far more likely and ordinary than a mammal civilization, because,
as I said, the first fish that go on to land will lay
eggs, and then the land animals that lay eggs will just naturally grow into
dinosaurs because natural selection will favor the big and baddest dinosaur that can protect its
eggs the best. So, by the principle of mediocrity, it would say,
if dinosaur civilization is possible, we would expect to be a dinosaur civilization
or a civilization that lays eggs, because the alternative, which is us,
is far less likely because we just look to our history and realize that the
mammal domination, mammal dominance on the ecosystem was a like one in trillion bare
minimum event. So so number one is the principle of mediocrity and number two
is the the whole idea of the incentives. If you the dinosaurs were simply
not incentivized to collaborate, which is really unfortunate. So like, even if
they did create a civilization, it would probably be horrible, like just wars
all the time, because there's just no reason for them to collaborate because their
only incentive is to protect their eggs. Hmm. Interesting, Yeah, And
then some people talk about this this bird idea of of why can't the birds
create a civilization? And this was also a very question that I considered and
thought out for a while of the idea that a bird could because even though
the birds lay eggs, they still have you kind of say, like a
very hazy family unit. I mean, you could look at things like penguins,
or you could look at like the kind of the egg nest is sort
of a incentive structure of you know, both birds are protecting one nest.
And imagine if the birds had like created one big nest and there was like
a family of birds and they're like, oh, let's all protect this one
nest. What if those birds created a civilization? And I considered this,
and there's a couple of problems with bird civilization. Is like number one is
opposable thumbs, which you mentioned of hands tools. The question is is there
ever going to arise a situation where the birds are pressured to evolve hands and
tools, and that that one's a hard thing to you know, imagine of
how the birds would ever figure out tools and yeah, so so that's a
hard one. And and also the land whenever there's birds there's probably gonna be
land animals, and the land animals are going to naturally get larger, but
the birds need to stay fairly nimble, nimble and light light weight to be
able to fly. So there's a couple of problems with bird civilization. Yeah,
and so that's event number one in number two. Yeah, and and
but there were many There were many events, right, I mean that all
made I was just talking about like big ones. So yeah, the third
big one that I like to talk about is the evolution from h fish to
tetrapods or animals with legs that are on land. So if fish, if
fish becoming fish walking on land, if that was just a natural thing that
always happened to fish in the universe, and it was possible, we would
probably see a gradual change of you know, fish gaining legs and pardon me,
gaining legs and walking on land. But when we look at the fossil
record, not only was it very very sparse of this period because it was
likely just one or two families of fish undergoing this transition, it was actually
rather than a gradual change, it was like something was happening and then boom
extinction event, and then there's a we see a dramatic difference, and then
there was boom another extinction event where we see a dramatic difference. So these
are are called the end of only and extinction events. Essentially, there was
two periods where there was very very heavy levels of ocean and oxya, where
essentially all of the oxygen was was pulled out from the the ocean. And
essentially this could have occurred in two different ways. The first one, scientists
argue that the first one was likely caused by underwater volcanism. So essentially,
if there was a sorry I read that, I see. Oh no,
that's true that I'm sorry that was to KGRA a radio. Sorry that wasn't
to you. Yeah, okay. So what I was saying is number one
is if there was a volcanism event like an eruption underwater, Basically what would
happen is this magma would surface and then it would chemically naturally bind with the
oxygen in the water, and if the eruption was big enough, it would
essentially steal all the auction from the water. And then the second possible way
that ocean and oxya could occur as a supernova. If there was a bunch
of rays from a supernova that would also likely ocean anoxia. The mechanism is
complicated, but so essentially we have ocean anoxia during this period, this transition
period. So the question is why would ocean anoxia essentially create this transition artificially.
Essentially, there was this lungfish that we found in the fossil record that
kind of had fins and named tiktolic, and then suddenly there's there's no oxygen
in the in the ocean. So now this lungfish doesn't want to use its
skills anymore because there's like no oxygen, so it has to use its lung
so it's like basically putting its head. It's waddling around in the shallows and
it's putting its head above water soa can breathe the air because there's no auction,
and this will naturally if it keeps doing this, naturally, it'll get
more and more effective at walled wattling, and then natural selection will select the
best wattlers and that will mean selecting more effective limbs for walking, and slowly
but surely, over millions of years, it gained legs. And essentially this
happened twice this period of ocean and oxia, and both times, you know,
there were big incentives for this thing to keep waddling. And then also
like the unlikelihood of this event is, you know, this isn't a normal
thing that happens every day. It's not every day that suddenly all the fish
die because there's no auction in the water. This was a two basically catastrophic
events. And the first one which was caused by vulcanism, you know,
and then the second one if we assume like I did, there is a
research paper that I cite in my paper that basically puts all the pieces,
the puzzle pieces together and formulates the argument that the second event, because there
was two, could have very well occurred of a supernova about like I don't
know what it was like ten thousand or something light years away or something like
that. This this is a basically a very interesting idea because not only would
it create ocean anoxia, but these essentially raise these radiation could have potentially artificially
sped up the transition because when you create a bunch of mutations in DNA,
those mutations are essentially passed on to the offspring. So if this this would
essentially have the effect of creating more variants in offspring, more mutations, and
then this would this could possibly speed up the transition if there's more variance because
there's more variances of possible leg variations of how the legs started evolving, and
this could have sped up this evolution. So basically, there was not a
gradual transition. There was a a lucky transition that just so happened to occur
because of these you know, lucky events, just like the dinosaur extinction amount
where these things didn't necessarily need to happen, but they did. And then
because we're civilization, because of the thirty percent rule in the principle of mediocrity,
you can't look at these events and say that's just a random coincidence.
You have to say those events were probably necessary for the existence of civilization because
back to the thirty percent rule, if those event didn't happen, we might
have evolved thirty percent slower, and then you know, civilization doesn't exist.
Okay, so I'm going to say goodbye to KGr A Radio again. We'll
be back with Dave Scott next week and timber Chet. So so we'll just
continue on a little bit, If that's okay with you, I'd like to.
Yeah, we didn't really talk much about I know, we're still talking
about how life got here, and I think that's really fascinating. But one
of the things I thought we could kind of close with is your thoughts on
UFOs. This is UFO show, so and a lot of people come here
just for that. And I know that you a couple of things. I
know you feel as though, and a lot of people I've talked to have
that same feeling, like the space is just so vast. I understand that
it's so so vast, even to the nearest star, you know, over
four light years away, and it's unimaginable, the distances and the travel and
the things I have said to other oh, maybe skeptics of that whole thing
where we might be visited by you know, other beings or you know,
from elsewhere, is you know, perhaps there's something in physics that we don't
we have not discovered yet, that that exists for some type of travel that
we're unaware of. You know, there's all these you know, the space
time folding space time and all that, all these theories that maybe there's these
wormholes or whatever you know, and I'm not saying for sure that I know
where all these things are coming from. I never say that I know that
they're extraterrestrial. I think it's a possibility. It's a possibility of of You
know, the things that come up a lot are interdimensional. It seems to
be coming up more and more at this point. Non human that's what you
hear, you know, that's another term you hear a lot a non human
intelligence says that type of thing. Interdimensional answers a lot of things that you
know, people mentioned. I have a clip up on YouTube under shorts where
someone Francis Cherimuda from the Ariel School incident that happened in nineteen ninety four.
He talks about these beings that he saw would come out of this craft and
they kind of blink and kind of show up in front of itself. You
know, it's very hard for him how this thing was moving, like blinking
in and out, you know, that type of thing. So in that
in that case, you know, the interdimensional thing could make sense. But
so I understand that you you you realize that there people are seeing something and
so what are your thoughts in general about the UFOs? Yeah, yeah,
So when I think of the UFO sightings, when I think of just like
realistically and probabilistically, I think of of two things. I think of,
Like, when the Pentagon is releasing all this stuff, I think that it's
unclear what their motive is, and it's possible that they're simply creating some sort
of distraction for the public to distract them off a more important thing that they
don't want you to research, and and who really knows what all these motives
are. And then when you see the but then when you look at the
other perspective of the sheer number of sightings of you know, all of these
people, you know, saying that they are seeing these things. And then
there's videos too. When I think of the videos, I think that it's
a high probability that some of these videos are created with software. And it's
hard to say when you just see footage, even if it comes from like
it's footage from the Pentagon, when you don't know the Pentagon's motives, you
can't actually verify that that footage is legit. And then the third thing is
is it could simply just be an aircraft by another nation that doesn't look like
a plane or a helicopter and it just it's it's hard to say what it
is because it's some sort of experimental technology. I mean, our technological advancement
has been unprecedented in the last one hundred years, and it's very well possible
that there are flying craft that look like UFOs that are physically possible to create
with our technology and some other nation made that, or even it was made
in the US and someone made that and fluid around and like it looks like
a UFO. Now, the third idea, this intermensional thing. Yeah,
I think that would be the most logical conclusion if you're saying it is non
human from if you're you're talking about extraterrestrial non human intelligence. The interdimensional thing
would make the most sense because when you look at the distances and and now
that I've looked at my research, my my findings that the the civil naturally
occurring civilization occurs less than one intent of the forty star systems. Even if
you were able to speed travel at the speed of light, we wouldn't be
able to see any aliens. That's assuming that they would even travel to us.
If you know, uh, if we're talking about traveling at the speed
of light. So when you when you uh open the possibility of wormholes,
of intermensional space travel, of physics that we don't know that would be the
only realistic way that you would travel faster than light is through some sort of
wormhole, which Einsteinian Einsteinian equations does open the possibility of wormholes. However,
through my research and people I've heard of talked to, they say that going
through a wormhole will probably destroy anything that goes through it in all likelihood,
or it will just collapse the wormhole. But you know, if you were
be able to some advanced civilization, I mean, we're such an early civilization,
it's hard to say what technology will do down the line of our civilization
system or a singularity system. What I kind of reference in my research of
an ever growing intelligence that is evolving exponentially eventually, you know, before it
plateaus, that might that's system might be able to invent some sort of technology
that can for all we know. But you know, as far as I'm
concerned, it seems physically impossible to travel faster than light. It would break
causality. But you know, when you're talking about interdimensional it's hard to say.
We don't have enough knowledge to make the you know, certain conclusion.
So if it is indeed extra threscial non human, I would say interdimensional would
be the possibility that I would look to. Well. The one the argument
of that I would have would be, for one thing, what these people
are seeing, it's not like they're just seeing them now. You know,
they have they call the modern UFO age, but you take back in nineteen
fifty two when they're on radar, they have an object going, you know,
ten thousand miles an hour. You know those we're talking decades, many
decades ago that these things were seen by many witnesses doing extraordinary feats, turning
instantly, right angle turns, things like that, very unusual movements, high
speeds. So there's a lot to consider when we think it's all our technology.
Maybe some of it. I agree that some of it that we can
be seeing maybe our technology or an adversaries possibly. And also I'm sure the
government loves to have people believe if they're testing something that it's a UFO instead
of a secret military whatever craft that they created that type of thing. But
when it comes to the films that the Pentagon is saying that they don't have
an explanation for the gimbal the go fastest questionable in my mind. But the
tic tac video of those two at least when they're saying there's something that they
cannot explain, and it's definitely through a FLUR situation. I know a friend
of mine's a pilot News looked into that deeply. And these videos are from
the fl R camera on an F sixteen or eighteen Hornet or whatever it is,
so we know those are military videos. And are you basically stating that
you think those videos could be faked? I mean, it's certainly possible to
fake the videos. I wouldn't know, you know, why they would want
to do such a thing exactly. Yeah, I mean they would have to
have a you talk about distraction, you know, I mean, it's caused
them more problems to have those videos out there than I can imagine that they'd
ever want to be distracted from. Yeah, I mean it's a mystery,
yes, yeah, yeah, Well, thank you so much. It's been
a real pleasure. You have some very interesting theories, and I have a
feeling you could talk for quite a while too, and all these different things,
so I really appreciate your time. Thank you. Yeah, and if
we're are we ending here? Yes, yeah, we're all. We're done
for the show, and I really appreciate it. Thank you very much,
and I really do appreciate you being on the show. And one last thing,
could I just say if anyone is more interested in other things, I
have to say I did talk a lot, but there is more. So
I would encourage any listener if you're curious to check out my YouTube channel,
plan A Discovery. You could find it by just typing in YouTube dot com
slash at plan A Discovery no spaces or simply search in your search bar plan
space a Space Space Discovery and you should be be able to see more of
my theories. If you're interested, I'll make it even easier. Yes,
I'll make it easier. I will link that in down below the text in
YouTube and also in the show notes for the audio podcast. All right,
thank you so much. Thanks for having me, Martin. Great talking with
you. All right, yeah, good night, all right, everyone,
So don't forget next week we'll be back with Dave Scott and also Tim Burchett.
I'm going to be talking to him on Thursday. Look for us at
the UAP Crossfire eight pm to ten PM and that's Eastern time, and remember
to keep your eyes to the sky.