WEBVTT 1 00:00:01.240 --> 00:00:07.599 Part four, chapters one and two of the Kamisutra. This LibriVox recording is 2 00:00:07.599 --> 00:00:11.759 in the public domain and is read by Mark Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina. 3 00:00:13.679 --> 00:00:21.079 The Kamasutra by Vetsiayana, Part four about a wife. Chapter one on 4 00:00:21.199 --> 00:00:25.559 the manner of living of a virtuous woman and of her behavior during the absence 5 00:00:25.600 --> 00:00:32.439 of her husband. A virtuous woman who has affection for her husband should act 6 00:00:32.520 --> 00:00:36.840 in conformity with his wishes as if he were a divine being, and with 7 00:00:36.960 --> 00:00:41.119 his consent, should take upon herself the whole care of his family. She 8 00:00:41.159 --> 00:00:45.600 should keep the whole house well cleaned, and arrange flowers of various kinds and 9 00:00:45.679 --> 00:00:49.679 different parts of it, and make the floor smooth and polished, so as 10 00:00:49.719 --> 00:00:54.240 to give the whole a neat and becoming appearance. She should surround the house 11 00:00:54.280 --> 00:00:58.600 with a garden and place ready in it all the materials required for the morning, 12 00:00:58.840 --> 00:01:03.400 noon, and even sacrifices. Moreover, she should herself revere the sanctuary 13 00:01:03.480 --> 00:01:10.280 of the household gods. For says Gunnardia, nothing so much attracts the heart 14 00:01:10.319 --> 00:01:14.879 of the householder to his wife. As a careful observance of the things mentioned 15 00:01:14.879 --> 00:01:21.359 above towards the parents, relations, friends, sisters, and servants of her 16 00:01:21.439 --> 00:01:25.920 husband. She should behave as they deserve. In the garden, she should 17 00:01:25.959 --> 00:01:30.640 plant beds of green vegetables, bunches of the sugar cane, and clumps of 18 00:01:30.640 --> 00:01:34.239 the fig tree, the mustard plant, the parsley plant, the fennel plant, 19 00:01:34.719 --> 00:01:42.519 and the xanthochaimus. Pictorious clusters of various flowers such as the Trapa bispinosa, 20 00:01:42.000 --> 00:01:49.280 the jasmine, the Jasminium grandiflorum, the yellow amaranth, the wild jasmine, 21 00:01:49.599 --> 00:01:53.879 the Taberna montana, coronaria, the nattiwarta, the China rose, and 22 00:01:53.959 --> 00:02:01.120 others should likewise be planted, together with the fragrant grass Andropoga schynanthus and the 23 00:02:01.159 --> 00:02:08.080 fragrant root of the plant Adropogon miricatis. She should also have seats and arbors 24 00:02:08.120 --> 00:02:12.800 made in the garden, in the middle of which a well, tank or 25 00:02:12.879 --> 00:02:17.080 pulls should be dug. The wife should always avoid the company of female beggars, 26 00:02:17.280 --> 00:02:23.280 female Buddhist mendicants, unchased and roguish women, female fortune tellers and witches. 27 00:02:24.080 --> 00:02:29.439 As regards meals, she should always consider what her husband likes and dislikes, 28 00:02:29.759 --> 00:02:32.400 and what things are good for him and what are injurious to him. 29 00:02:32.960 --> 00:02:37.639 When she hears the sounds of his footsteps coming home, she should at once 30 00:02:37.719 --> 00:02:40.680 get up and be ready to do whatever he may command her, and either 31 00:02:40.840 --> 00:02:46.800 order her female servant to wash his feet or wash them herself. When going 32 00:02:46.840 --> 00:02:50.960 anywhere with her husband, she should put on her ornaments, and without his 33 00:02:51.080 --> 00:02:55.560 consent. She should not either give or accept invitations, or attend marriages and 34 00:02:55.680 --> 00:03:00.400 sacrifices, or sit in the company of female friends friends, or visit the 35 00:03:00.439 --> 00:03:05.639 temples of the gods. And if she wants to engage in any kind of 36 00:03:05.719 --> 00:03:09.439 games or sports, she should not do it against his will. In the 37 00:03:09.479 --> 00:03:14.560 same way, she should always sit down after him and get up before him, 38 00:03:14.960 --> 00:03:19.080 and should never awaken him when he is asleep. The kitchen should be 39 00:03:19.120 --> 00:03:23.639 situated in a quiet and retired place, so as not to be accessible to 40 00:03:23.680 --> 00:03:29.199 strangers, and should always look clean. In the event of any misconduct on 41 00:03:29.240 --> 00:03:32.000 the part of her husband, she should not blame him excessively, though she 42 00:03:32.120 --> 00:03:38.280 be a little displeased. She should not use abusive language towards him, but 43 00:03:38.400 --> 00:03:43.280 rebuke him with conciliatory words, whether he be in the company of friends or 44 00:03:43.479 --> 00:03:47.960 alone. Moreover, she should not be a scold, for says Gnardia, 45 00:03:49.520 --> 00:03:53.199 there is no cause of dislike on the part of a husband so great as 46 00:03:53.240 --> 00:03:59.199 this characteristic in a wife. Lastly, she should avoid bad expressions, sulky 47 00:03:59.280 --> 00:04:03.280 looks, speaking aside, standing in the doorway and looking at passers, by 48 00:04:03.919 --> 00:04:09.080 conversing in the pleasure groves, and remaining in a lonely place for a long 49 00:04:09.199 --> 00:04:13.159 time. And finally, she should always keep her body, her teeth, 50 00:04:13.280 --> 00:04:17.920 her hair, and everything belonging to her tidy, sweet and clean. When 51 00:04:17.920 --> 00:04:21.680 the wife wants to approach her husband in private, her dress should consist of 52 00:04:21.720 --> 00:04:28.639 many ornaments, various kinds of flowers, and a cloth decorated with different colors, 53 00:04:28.720 --> 00:04:32.839 and some sweet smelling ointments or unguents. But her everyday dress should be 54 00:04:32.879 --> 00:04:38.720 composed of a thin, close chextured cloth, a few ornaments and flowers, 55 00:04:38.959 --> 00:04:43.959 and a little scent, not too much. She should also observe the fasts 56 00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:46.759 and vows of her husband, and when he tries to prevent her doing this, 57 00:04:47.240 --> 00:04:51.879 she should persuade him to let her do it at appropriate times of the 58 00:04:51.959 --> 00:04:56.439 year, and when they happen to be cheap, she should buy earth, 59 00:04:56.720 --> 00:05:02.920 bamboos, firewood, skins, and iron as also salt and oil, fragrant 60 00:05:02.959 --> 00:05:10.199 substances, vessels made of the fruit of the plant, rytea anti dysenterica or 61 00:05:10.360 --> 00:05:15.079 oval leafed ritea. Medicines and other things which are always wanted, should be 62 00:05:15.079 --> 00:05:19.839 obtained when required and kept in a secret place of the house. The seeds 63 00:05:19.839 --> 00:05:25.399 of the radish, the potato, the common beet, the Indian wormwood, 64 00:05:25.680 --> 00:05:30.800 the mango, the cucumber, the eggplant, the kushmanda, the pumpkin, 65 00:05:30.879 --> 00:05:36.839 gourd, the serena, the bignonia indica, the sandalwood, the premna spinosa, 66 00:05:38.639 --> 00:05:43.199 the garlic plant, the onion, and other vegetables should be bought and 67 00:05:43.360 --> 00:05:46.839 sown at the proper seasons. The wife, moreover, should not tell to 68 00:05:46.920 --> 00:05:51.360 strangers the amount of her wealth, nor the secrets which her husband has confided 69 00:05:51.399 --> 00:05:56.920 to her. She should surpass all the women of her own rank in life, 70 00:05:57.040 --> 00:06:00.639 in her cleverness, her appearance, her knowledge of cookery, her pride, 71 00:06:01.040 --> 00:06:05.439 and her manner of serving her husband. The expenditure of the year should 72 00:06:05.480 --> 00:06:11.160 be regulated by the profits. The milk that remains after the meals should be 73 00:06:11.199 --> 00:06:15.639 turned into ghee or clarified butter. Oil and sugar should be prepared at home 74 00:06:16.199 --> 00:06:20.240 spinning and weaving should also be done there, and a store of ropes and 75 00:06:20.319 --> 00:06:26.560 cords and barks of trees for twisting into ropes should be kept. She should 76 00:06:26.600 --> 00:06:30.040 also attend to the pounding and cleaning of rice, using its small grain and 77 00:06:30.160 --> 00:06:34.600 chaff in some way or other. She should pay the salaries of the servants, 78 00:06:34.959 --> 00:06:40.720 look after the tilling of the fields and keeping of the flocks and herds, 79 00:06:40.920 --> 00:06:45.480 superintend the making of vehicles, and take care of the rams, cocks, 80 00:06:45.720 --> 00:06:50.319 quails, parrots, starlings, cuckoos, peacocks, monkeys and deer, 81 00:06:51.319 --> 00:06:57.439 and finally adjust the income and expenditure of the day. The worn out clothes 82 00:06:57.439 --> 00:07:00.839 should be given to those servants who have done good work, in order to 83 00:07:00.879 --> 00:07:04.480 show them that their services have been appreciated, or they may be applied to 84 00:07:04.560 --> 00:07:10.279 some other use. The vessels in which wine is prepared, as well as 85 00:07:10.279 --> 00:07:14.600 those in which it is kept, should be carefully looked after and put away 86 00:07:14.639 --> 00:07:18.720 at the proper time. All sales and purchases should also be well attended. 87 00:07:18.720 --> 00:07:24.439 To the friends of her husband, she should welcome by presenting them with flowers, 88 00:07:24.600 --> 00:07:30.120 ointment, incense, betel leaves and betel nut. Her father in law 89 00:07:30.199 --> 00:07:33.519 and mother in law. She should treat as they deserve, always remaining dependent 90 00:07:33.560 --> 00:07:39.720 on their will, never contradicting them, speaking to them in few and not 91 00:07:39.879 --> 00:07:45.399 harsh words, not laughing loudly in their presence, and acting with their friends 92 00:07:45.399 --> 00:07:48.839 and enemies as with her own. In addition to the above, she should 93 00:07:48.879 --> 00:07:54.480 not be vain or too much taken up with her enjoyments. She should be 94 00:07:54.560 --> 00:07:59.639 liberal towards her servants and reward them on holidays and festivals, and not give 95 00:07:59.680 --> 00:08:05.040 away anything without first making it known to her husband. Thus ends the manner 96 00:08:05.079 --> 00:08:09.199 of living of a virtuous woman. During the absence of her husband on a 97 00:08:09.279 --> 00:08:16.399 journey, the virtuous woman should wear only her auspicious ornaments and observe the fasts 98 00:08:16.439 --> 00:08:20.720 in honor of the gods, while anxious to hear the news of her husband. 99 00:08:20.120 --> 00:08:24.600 She should still look after her household affairs. She should sleep near the 100 00:08:24.639 --> 00:08:30.279 elder women of the house and make herself agreeable to them. She should look 101 00:08:30.319 --> 00:08:33.720 after and keep in repair the things that are liked by her husband, and 102 00:08:33.840 --> 00:08:37.960 continue the works that have been begun by him. To the abode of her 103 00:08:39.000 --> 00:08:43.120 relations, she should not go except on occasions of joy and sorrow, and 104 00:08:43.159 --> 00:08:48.200 then she should go in her usual traveling dress, accompanied by her husband's servants, 105 00:08:48.639 --> 00:08:54.919 and not remain therefore a long time. The fasts and feasts should be 106 00:08:54.960 --> 00:08:58.600 observed with the consent of the elders of the house. The resources should be 107 00:08:58.639 --> 00:09:03.799 increased by making purchases and sales according to the practice of the merchants, by 108 00:09:03.840 --> 00:09:11.240 means of honest servants superintended by herself. The income should be increased and the 109 00:09:11.279 --> 00:09:16.440 expenditure diminished as much as possible. And when her husband returns from his journey, 110 00:09:16.600 --> 00:09:20.480 she should receive him at first in her ordinary clothes, so that he 111 00:09:20.559 --> 00:09:24.639 may know in what way she has lived during his absence, and should bring 112 00:09:24.720 --> 00:09:28.840 to him some presents, as also materials for the worship of the deity. 113 00:09:30.159 --> 00:09:33.480 Thus ends the part relating to the behavior of a wife during the absence of 114 00:09:33.519 --> 00:09:39.200 her husband on a journey. There are also some verses on the subject. 115 00:09:39.240 --> 00:09:43.519 As follows, the wife, whether she be a woman of noble family or 116 00:09:43.559 --> 00:09:48.799 a virgin widow, remarried or a concubine, should lead a chaste life, 117 00:09:50.080 --> 00:09:58.159 devoted to her husband and doing everything for his welfare. Footnote virgin widow probably 118 00:09:58.200 --> 00:10:03.240 refers to a girl married in her infancy or when very young and whose husband 119 00:10:03.279 --> 00:10:07.000 had died before she arrived at the age of puberty. Infant marriages are still 120 00:10:07.000 --> 00:10:15.360 the common custom of the Hindus and a footnote. Women acting thus acquire dharma, 121 00:10:15.759 --> 00:10:20.879 artha and kaima, obtain a high position, and generally keep their husbands 122 00:10:20.919 --> 00:10:28.200 devoted to them. Chapter two on the conduct of the elder wife towards the 123 00:10:28.240 --> 00:10:31.440 other wives of her husband, and on that of a younger wife towards the 124 00:10:31.440 --> 00:10:37.799 elder ones. Also on the conduct of a virgin widow remarried, of a 125 00:10:37.840 --> 00:10:41.600 wife disliked by her husband, of the women in the King's Harem, and 126 00:10:41.759 --> 00:10:48.360 lastly, on the conduct of a husband towards many wives. The causes of 127 00:10:48.440 --> 00:10:54.919 remarrying during the lifetime of the wife are as follows. One the folly or 128 00:10:54.960 --> 00:11:01.159 ill temper of the wife, two, her husband's dislike to her, three, 129 00:11:01.639 --> 00:11:07.919 the want of offspring, four, the continual birth of daughters, five 130 00:11:07.559 --> 00:11:13.279 the incontinence of the husband. From the very beginning, the wife should endeavor 131 00:11:13.320 --> 00:11:18.159 to attract the heart of her husband by showing to him continually her devotion, 132 00:11:18.559 --> 00:11:24.159 her good temper, and her wisdom. If however, she bears him no 133 00:11:24.279 --> 00:11:28.240 children, she should herself tell her husband to marry another woman, And when 134 00:11:28.240 --> 00:11:33.399 the second wife is married and brought to the house, the first wife should 135 00:11:33.399 --> 00:11:37.960 give her a position superior to her own, and look upon her as a 136 00:11:37.039 --> 00:11:41.519 sister. In the morning, the elder wife should forcibly make the younger one 137 00:11:41.639 --> 00:11:46.120 decorate herself in the presence of their husband, and should not mind all the 138 00:11:46.240 --> 00:11:52.639 husband's favor being given to her. If the younger wife does anything to displease 139 00:11:52.679 --> 00:11:56.559 her husband, the elder one should not neglect her, but should always be 140 00:11:56.600 --> 00:12:00.919 ready to give her most careful advice, and should teach her to do various 141 00:12:00.960 --> 00:12:05.120 things. In the presence of her husband. Her children, she should treat 142 00:12:05.320 --> 00:12:09.960 as her own. Her attendants. She should look upon with more regard even 143 00:12:09.000 --> 00:12:13.600 than on her own servants. Her friends, she should cherish with love and 144 00:12:13.720 --> 00:12:20.440 kindness, and her relations with great honor. When there are many other wives 145 00:12:20.480 --> 00:12:24.200 besides herself, the elder wife should associate with the one who is immediately next 146 00:12:24.200 --> 00:12:28.759 to her in rank and age, and should instigate the wife who has recently 147 00:12:28.960 --> 00:12:35.600 enjoyed her husband's favor to quarrel with a present favorite. After this, she 148 00:12:35.639 --> 00:12:39.279 should sympathize with the former, and, having collected all the other wives together, 149 00:12:39.519 --> 00:12:43.399 should get them to denounce the favorite as a scheming and wicked woman, 150 00:12:45.039 --> 00:12:50.200 without however, committing herself in any way. If the favored wife happens to 151 00:12:50.279 --> 00:12:54.679 quarrel with the husband, then the elder wife should take her part and give 152 00:12:54.720 --> 00:12:58.799 her false encouragement, and thus cause the quarrel to be increased. If there 153 00:12:58.799 --> 00:13:03.799 be only a little quarrel between the two, the elder wife should do all 154 00:13:03.879 --> 00:13:07.080 she can to work it up into a large quarrel. But if after this 155 00:13:07.320 --> 00:13:11.960 she finds the husband still continues to love his favorite wife, she should then 156 00:13:13.200 --> 00:13:18.399 change her tactics and endeavor to bring about a conciliation between them, so as 157 00:13:18.440 --> 00:13:24.519 to avoid her husband's displeasure. Thus ends the conduct of the elder wife. 158 00:13:24.120 --> 00:13:28.000 The younger wife should regard the elder wife of her husband as her mother, 159 00:13:28.559 --> 00:13:33.840 and should not give anything away, even to her own relations, without her 160 00:13:33.919 --> 00:13:39.279 knowledge. She should tell her everything about herself, and not approach her husband 161 00:13:39.320 --> 00:13:43.720 without her permission. Whatever is told to her by the elder wife, she 162 00:13:43.759 --> 00:13:46.679 should not reveal to others, and she should take care of the children of 163 00:13:46.720 --> 00:13:52.159 the senior even more than of her own. When alone with her husband, 164 00:13:52.200 --> 00:13:54.679 she should serve him well, but should not tell him of the pain she 165 00:13:54.759 --> 00:14:01.240 suffers from the existence of a rival wife. She may also obtained secretly from 166 00:14:01.279 --> 00:14:05.120 her husband some marks of his particular regard for her, and may tell him 167 00:14:05.159 --> 00:14:09.639 that she lives only for him and for the regard that he has for her. 168 00:14:11.559 --> 00:14:15.960 She should never reveal her love for her husband, nor her husband's love 169 00:14:16.039 --> 00:14:20.799 for her, to any person, either in pride or in anger. For 170 00:14:20.879 --> 00:14:26.320 a wife that reveals the secrets of her husband is despised by him. As 171 00:14:26.360 --> 00:14:31.480 for seeking to obtain the regard of her husband, Gonardia says that it should 172 00:14:31.519 --> 00:14:35.799 always be done in private, for fear of the elder wife. If the 173 00:14:35.879 --> 00:14:41.519 elder wife be disliked by her husband or be childless, she should sympathize with 174 00:14:41.639 --> 00:14:45.720 her, and should ask her husband to do the same, but should surpass 175 00:14:45.759 --> 00:14:50.799 her in leading the life of a chaste woman. Thus ends the conduct of 176 00:14:50.840 --> 00:14:56.159 the younger wife towards the elder. A widow in poor circumstances or of a 177 00:14:56.200 --> 00:15:01.879 weak nature, and who allies herself again again to a man, is called 178 00:15:01.919 --> 00:15:07.960 a widow remarried. The followers of Babhavria say that a virgin widow should not 179 00:15:07.039 --> 00:15:11.039 marry a person whom she may be obliged to leave on account of his bad 180 00:15:11.159 --> 00:15:16.879 character, or of as being destitute of the excellent qualities of a man, 181 00:15:16.440 --> 00:15:22.399 she thus being obliged to have recourse to another person. Gunnardia is of opinion 182 00:15:22.440 --> 00:15:28.080 that as the cause of a widow's marrying again is her desire for happiness, 183 00:15:28.639 --> 00:15:33.480 and his happiness is secured by the possession of excellent qualities in her husband, 184 00:15:33.679 --> 00:15:37.720 joined to love of enjoyment. It is better therefore to secure a person endowed 185 00:15:37.759 --> 00:15:43.799 with such qualities in the first instance. Batesiayana, however, thinks that a 186 00:15:43.799 --> 00:15:48.120 widow may marry any person that she likes and that she thinks will suit her. 187 00:15:48.759 --> 00:15:52.080 At the time of her marriage, the widow should obtain from her husband 188 00:15:52.159 --> 00:15:56.720 the money to pay the cost of drinking parties and picnics with her relations, 189 00:15:58.159 --> 00:16:02.960 and of giving them and her friend's cadinly gifts and presents. Or she may 190 00:16:03.000 --> 00:16:07.200 do these things at her own cost if she likes. In the same way, 191 00:16:07.320 --> 00:16:11.039 she may wear either her husband's ornaments or her own, as to the 192 00:16:11.120 --> 00:16:17.080 presence of affection mutually exchanged between the husband and herself. There is no fixed 193 00:16:17.120 --> 00:16:21.799 rule about them. If she leaves her husband after marriage of her own accord. 194 00:16:22.360 --> 00:16:26.039 She should restore to him whatever he may have given her, with the 195 00:16:26.120 --> 00:16:30.440 exception of the mutual presence. If, however, she is driven out of 196 00:16:30.480 --> 00:16:36.080 the house by her husband, she should not return anything to him. After 197 00:16:36.159 --> 00:16:38.399 her marriage, she should live in the house of her husband like one of 198 00:16:38.440 --> 00:16:42.200 the chief members of the family, but should treat the other ladies of the 199 00:16:42.240 --> 00:16:48.039 family with kindness, the servants with generosity, and all the friends of the 200 00:16:48.080 --> 00:16:52.240 house with familiarity and good temper. She should show that she is better acquainted 201 00:16:52.240 --> 00:16:56.039 with the sixty four arts than the other ladies of the house, And in 202 00:16:56.120 --> 00:17:00.320 any quarrels with her husband, she should not rebuke himself severely, but in 203 00:17:00.480 --> 00:17:04.960 private do everything that he wishes, and make use of the sixty four ways 204 00:17:04.960 --> 00:17:11.160 of enjoyment. She should be obliging to the other wives of her husband and 205 00:17:11.200 --> 00:17:15.720 to their children. She should give presents, behave as their mistress, and 206 00:17:15.759 --> 00:17:19.759 make ornaments and playthings for their use. In the friends and servants of her 207 00:17:19.839 --> 00:17:25.480 husband she should confide more than in his other wives. And finally, she 208 00:17:25.519 --> 00:17:30.519 should have a liking for drinking parties, going to picnics, attending fairs and 209 00:17:30.599 --> 00:17:36.680 festivals, and for carrying out all kinds of games and amusements. Thus ends 210 00:17:36.720 --> 00:17:41.960 the conduct of a virgin widow remarried. A woman who is disliked by her 211 00:17:42.039 --> 00:17:48.400 husband and annoyed and distressed by his other wives, should associate with the wife 212 00:17:48.440 --> 00:17:52.359 who is liked most by her husband, and who serves him more than the 213 00:17:52.440 --> 00:17:56.599 others, and should teach her all the arts with which she is acquainted. 214 00:17:56.359 --> 00:18:00.279 She should act as the nurse of her husband's children, and, having gained 215 00:18:00.279 --> 00:18:04.799 over his friends to her side, should through them make him acquainted of her 216 00:18:04.839 --> 00:18:11.319 devotion to him. In religious ceremonies, she should be a leader, as 217 00:18:11.359 --> 00:18:15.200 also in vows and fasts, and should not hold too good an opinion of 218 00:18:15.240 --> 00:18:19.960 herself. When her husband is lying on his bed, she should only go 219 00:18:21.039 --> 00:18:25.519 near him when it is agreeable to him, and should never rebuke him or 220 00:18:25.559 --> 00:18:30.279 show obstinacy in any way. If her husband happens to quarrel with any of 221 00:18:30.319 --> 00:18:33.759 his other wives, she should reconcile them to each other, and if he 222 00:18:33.799 --> 00:18:38.480 desires to see any woman secretly, she should manage to bring about the meeting 223 00:18:38.559 --> 00:18:44.160 between them. She should moreover make herself acquainted with the weak points of her 224 00:18:44.240 --> 00:18:48.680 husband's character, but always keep them secret, and on the whole behave herself 225 00:18:48.720 --> 00:18:52.279 in such a way as may lead him to look upon her as a good 226 00:18:52.400 --> 00:18:59.920 and devoted wife. Here ends the conduct of a wife disliked by her husband. 227 00:19:00.599 --> 00:19:03.640 The above sections will show how all the women of the King Seralio are 228 00:19:03.680 --> 00:19:07.920 to behave, and therefore we shall now speak separately only about the king. 229 00:19:10.599 --> 00:19:18.160 The female attendants in the harem called severally canchukiyas footnote, a name given to 230 00:19:18.200 --> 00:19:22.799 the maid servants of the zenana of the kings in ancient times on account of 231 00:19:22.839 --> 00:19:26.680 their always keeping their breasts covered with a cloth, called kanchuki. It was 232 00:19:26.759 --> 00:19:32.240 customary the olden time for the maid servants to cover their breasts with a cloth, 233 00:19:32.880 --> 00:19:37.519 while the queens kept their breasts uncovered. This custom is distinctly to be 234 00:19:37.599 --> 00:19:45.519 seen in the Ajunta Cave paintings end footnote. Mahala rica's footnote. The meaning 235 00:19:45.599 --> 00:19:51.200 of this word is a superior woman, so it would seem that a mahalarrica 236 00:19:51.359 --> 00:19:56.839 must be a person in authority over the maid servants of the house end footnote 237 00:19:57.319 --> 00:20:04.160 and mahalikas footnote. This was also appertaining to the rank of women employed in 238 00:20:04.200 --> 00:20:11.720 the harem. In latter times this place was given to eunuchs and footnote should 239 00:20:11.720 --> 00:20:15.680 bring flowers, ointments, and clothes from the king's wives to the King, 240 00:20:15.240 --> 00:20:18.599 and he, having received these things, should give them his presents to the 241 00:20:18.680 --> 00:20:23.599 servants, along with the things worn by him the previous day. In the 242 00:20:23.680 --> 00:20:29.079 afternoon, the King, having dressed and put on his ornaments, should interview 243 00:20:29.119 --> 00:20:33.599 the women of the harem, who should also be dressed and decorated with jewels. 244 00:20:33.119 --> 00:20:37.599 Then, having given to each of them such a place and such respect 245 00:20:37.599 --> 00:20:41.079 as may suit the occasion, and as they may deserve, he should carry 246 00:20:41.079 --> 00:20:45.920 on with them a cheerful conversation. After that, he should see such of 247 00:20:45.960 --> 00:20:52.079 his wives as may be virgin widows remarried, and after them the concubines and 248 00:20:52.160 --> 00:20:56.720 dancing girls. All of these should be visited in their own private rooms. 249 00:20:56.880 --> 00:21:02.000 When the king rises from his noonday sleep deep the woman whose duty it is 250 00:21:02.039 --> 00:21:06.039 to inform the king regarding the wife who is to spend the night with him, 251 00:21:06.440 --> 00:21:10.720 should come to him, accompanied by the female attendants of that wife whose 252 00:21:10.759 --> 00:21:14.839 turn may have arrived in the regular course, and of her who may have 253 00:21:14.880 --> 00:21:18.440 been accidentally passed over as her turn arrived, and of her who may have 254 00:21:18.480 --> 00:21:23.920 been unwell at the time of her turn. These attendants should place before the 255 00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:29.440 King the ointments and unguents sent by each of these wives, marked with the 256 00:21:29.480 --> 00:21:33.880 seal of her ring, and their names and their reasons for sending the ointments 257 00:21:33.119 --> 00:21:37.839 should be told to the king. After this, the kings accepts the ointment 258 00:21:37.880 --> 00:21:42.400 of one of them, who then is informed that her ointment has been accepted 259 00:21:42.799 --> 00:21:49.559 and that her day has been settled. Footnote. As kings generally had many 260 00:21:49.599 --> 00:21:55.240 wives, it was usual for them to enjoy their wives by turns, but 261 00:21:55.319 --> 00:21:59.480 as it happened sometimes that some of them lost their turns owing to the king's 262 00:21:59.519 --> 00:22:03.480 absence or to their being unwell. Than in such cases, the women whose 263 00:22:03.519 --> 00:22:08.480 turns had been passed over and those whose turns had come used to have a 264 00:22:08.519 --> 00:22:12.559 sort of lottery, and the ointment of all the claimants was sent to the 265 00:22:12.640 --> 00:22:17.799 king, who accepted the ointment of one of them, and thus settled the 266 00:22:17.880 --> 00:22:25.440 question. And a footnote. At festivals, singing parties, and exhibitions, 267 00:22:25.839 --> 00:22:30.160 all the wives of the king should be treated with respect and served with drinks. 268 00:22:30.960 --> 00:22:33.359 But the women of the harem should not be allowed to go out alone. 269 00:22:33.839 --> 00:22:38.200 Neither should any women outside the harem be allowed to enter it, except 270 00:22:38.200 --> 00:22:44.079 those whose character is well known. And lastly, the work which the king's 271 00:22:44.119 --> 00:22:48.319 wives have to do should not be too fatiguing. Thus ends the conduct of 272 00:22:48.359 --> 00:22:52.519 the king towards the women of the Harem, and of their own conduct. 273 00:22:53.839 --> 00:22:59.599 A man marrying many wives should act fairly towards them all. He should neither 274 00:22:59.759 --> 00:23:03.640 disregard nor pass over their faults, and should not reveal to one wife the 275 00:23:03.759 --> 00:23:11.240 love, passion, bodily blemishes, and confidential reproaches of the other. No 276 00:23:11.359 --> 00:23:15.319 opportunity should be given to any one of them of speaking to him about their 277 00:23:15.440 --> 00:23:18.200 rivals. And if one of them should begin to speak ill of another, 278 00:23:18.720 --> 00:23:23.359 he should chide her and tell her that she has exactly the same blemishes in 279 00:23:23.400 --> 00:23:29.799 her character. One of them he should please by secret confidence, another by 280 00:23:29.839 --> 00:23:33.839 secret respect, and another by secret flattery. And he should please them all 281 00:23:33.880 --> 00:23:40.599 by going to gardens, by amusements, by presence, by honoring their relations, 282 00:23:41.079 --> 00:23:45.279 by telling them secrets, and lastly by loving unions. A young woman 283 00:23:45.319 --> 00:23:49.519 who is of a good temper, and who conducts herself according to the precepts 284 00:23:49.519 --> 00:23:56.640 of the Holy writ wins her husband's attachment and obtains a superiority over her rivals. 285 00:23:56.920 --> 00:24:02.759 Thus ends the conduct of a husband towards many wives. This is also 286 00:24:03.000 --> 00:24:03.000 the end of Part four.