For your seven trillion dollars in the ego of calling two times there is the
90 percent- hundred- sME drizas that generate eighty percent. Give me twenty
minutes of your time and I, in return, give you information on the
most relevant issues in foreign trade, tax and customs with a human touch.
And let' s make a traik a podcast of Magic TVs and Mexico,
Hello everyone welcome, welcome, Dr Héctor Diaz, nice to greet you,
Hello hello the day how you are very nice to see you and don'
t take long to present it today. Nice to greet you all Welcome.
Let' s barter an exclusive telese magas event in Mexico. We invite us
to follow you, to continue connecting and to follow us through our social networks
as well, and well, it is always a pleasure to be here and
more a day like today, that both today and the two of November are
very special days in Mexico, in which we celebrate and honor those beings who
preceded us, who left before. And well, it' s a day
in which many Mexicans put up their altar, visit pantheons and fill them with
color, life, flowers and those things they enjoyed most, because our deceased.
Being the dead day, certainly a beautiful tradition in our country. And
so to be here together today, to celebrate life as well and celebrate these
beautiful dates in Mexico, because we also have a luxury guest. We have
a very interesting talk that you will certainly share with us. He' s
Dr Hector and, if I may, I' m going to read his
face before we begin. Dr Héctor Díaz Zarzola is a doctor and director of
the Bachelor' s Degree in Aduanal View and Foreign Trade of the CUE.
Doctor in Customs Law and Foreign Trade Law at the University Center for Legal Studies.
He is a teacher in international business administration at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México. He graduated in International Trade, graduated from the School of International Price
Eating, with more than thirty years of experience in logistics and foreign trade.
For nineteen years he worked in the company Matel Latin America, where he developed
in different positions His last position in this company was as representative of Regulatory Affairs
for Latin America. He is also a professor at the University Center for Legal
Studies QUEEB and previously at the Higher School of International Trade. He is a
member of the Customs Operation and Foreign Trade Committee of the National Association of Importers
and Exporters of the Mexican Republic ANIER member also of the National Logistics Committee of
the Mexican Council of Foreign Trade, coms participated in the National Committee of Technical
Barriers to Trade of the Secretariat of Economy and also in the National Technical Committee
for the elaboration of Mexican official norms. At the Directorate- General of Standards,
he conducts training courses on logistics and customs issues, as well as being
a lecturer on international trade issues at different universities in our country. Currently he
is partner director of the firm to Joch consultants in customs Logistics and Foreign Trade
and to the firm International Market Accesson No machivity Iman. He serves as operations
director. He already has publications of a book entitled Functional logistics in international trade
and is also co- author of the book called The topic commented. And
without further ado, it' s the microphones, Doctor Hector, and it
' s a pleasure to have you around. Thank you very much elvia,
nice to see you and greet you and greet you all here seen, Antonio
Lupita, good afternoon to all. Okay. Let' s make up for
it there I bring a small presentation to contextualize the theme. It is an
interesting and good topic we could say that logistics as such has many graces,
many aspects and talk about horror stories. I think we could take days and
weeks of all this. No. The truth is, it' s complicated.
It has many elements and many factors that will condition the outcome and,
of course, all this makes it suddenly become a nightmare, just like that.
We know that the lack of a good logistics, a good planning,
as it always results in delays additional costs not contemplated that end up impacting and,
obviously, consuming or absorbing. Everything you thought you had was like a
profitability. Not then we' ll start some. I made a small as
a small compilation taking into account different environments or different contexts of the logy.
And, well, here we go directly first of all. I would like
here to develop or expose this proposal to the definition of logistics that just appears
in my Book of Functional Logistics of International Trade And I mention it as a
discipline in which, through the realization of different activities or process, the movement
of goods or services from a point of origin and to a point of destination
will be carried out in the most effective and efficient way, what is the
objective, the satisfaction of the client. And well, it refers to a
discipline precisely because of the importance of good communication and understanding that the different elements
that make up logistics have to be interconnected and there is an interrelation between them.
Anything that hasn' t been done right from the start is going to
cause a problem later. These elements are linked and it is important to take
this into consideration. Effectiveness and efficiency would be the main objectives of logistics,
in the sense that we need to put products at the point of consumption,
at the point of sale or at the shelf, at the time when the
customer, the consumer, has a taste to satisfy or a need to cover.
And if we don' t have that ability to get there or that
efficiency, then surely the consumer will have to look for other options. And
that' s where there' s an important risk for companies that don'
t meet this goal, because a customer, customers are regularly faithful to the
products that make us feel good, the taste, the color, anything that
makes them feel comfortable, because since they already marry those products, and then
we, if they don' t find it at the point of sale in
the shelf, will surely look for another option and if that other option gives
them that same feeling of satisfaction, they' ll hardly come back. That
' s a point and good. Efficiency has to do just with the issue
of the profitability of what is being sought, because having a profitable and profitable
business and not having that ability to reach the right cost, as it will
bring a consequence that will diminish, as we mentioned, the profitability of the
business. Let us remember that logistics is a term that has already been handled
since the beginning of time and has been accompanying humanity in every way. It
is defined that logistics was like doing something logical and good. We, in
our day- to- day lives, have to build a logistics to reach
our social commitments. We need to know what resources we have and what means
we are going to use depending on our resources, what means we are going
to use to get to the point of commitment in the schedule. With that
efficiency that is needed for work, for school, for some social commitment,
a business appointment in every way, We have to come. And if we
don' t have that capacity, because obviously we already start having problems because
either we take a taxi or we have to spend more than what was budgeted
and that' s where the problems start, or we' re not late
and you know, we start there with that already making us look like the
one who never arrives in time. And all these things, undoubtedly, the
invention of the container generated a dependence and an importance in the trade, because
it became much more important the fact of being able to exchange goods between the
different countries thanks to the great possibilities or the accessibility that this means of transport
has, the marine traffic, with the use of the containers, by the
great volume of goods that can be transported more than eighty percent of the international
trade moves through the marine traffic and this, well, had much to see
the container. I am not going to dwell on this, in this small
summary, although it is important to enter into context, because we will see
what the objectives of logistics are. Not these different processes that oblige us or
that require us to be able to place the products, to have a positioning
in the market in a very strategic way, precisely to make the products reach
the best prices and with an income, with an important level of profitability.
And as we discussed at the beginning, that issue of effectiveness is also super,
super relevant. Now we' re going to start getting into nightmare issues.
And for that we need to first have a context. And the first
context that we are going to see is to identify the different elements that participate
or that count that are part of the logistic process, such as the production
plan, the production as such, the international transport, the customs clearance,
that we could say is the neck, the bottle of the logistic process and
now we will see why, the storage and the distribution, these are the
elements that will help us to achieve the placing of the products at the point
of sale with the objective of efficiency and efficiency. However, as I told
you at the beginning, the interdependence that exists between each of these elements is
very important to take into account And the first thing is in the production plan
that, as I told you if we do not have well- identified the
implications of bringing a product to a given country, we will have a problem
and we will start with the horror stories. Why. Because if a rule,
a certification, a permit, any question, even the financial resource,
if we don' t have a good plan and if we don' t
have the tax issue in mind, it' s going to become a problem.
I don' t tell you the first story. We once had this
lack of planning or communication that is also linked to the marketing area. He
had planned an event where he was going to present a top product of this
latest generation with great technology, and he rented a flat in Santa pau Artists
and red carpet were invited and everything was not then going to bring a drone,
a drone that represented the barbie and already arrived at customs. But they
never informed us, they never told us he was coming. And obviously,
that product requires a certification in a norm and a telecommunications issue, a certification
in telecommunications, and he already had the event planned for two weeks and that
certification was simply going to take us about seventy- five days and already when
we were told, because it was because the product was already in customs and
because we simply couldn' t do much because, because we had to work
with the certifications and that was going to take us a while. Then that
situation. What caused it was that it did not arrive in time with the
products that were to be presented at that event that everything was already planned organized
and everything, because it simply stayed that way. The project had to be
postponed because there was not that lack of communication or rather that lack of planning
because many times, unfortunately, the different areas no longer will we even talk
about the adual people, the different areas of the company have no communication between
them and come this type of problems. So they said no, because it
was a project that we had to handle very confidential, because we didn'
t want the competition to find out and stuff. So, simply the point
is that we who were, that we were compliances and we had to process
the permits or certifications so that the product could enter the country without any problem,
because we simply didn' t find out either. And that, then,
brought that consequence. So here, as we commented, the subject of
planning is very important and from here we have to identify what are the implications
of bringing a product as such, what is going to be the date of
arrival, the label that, as it is called, abel of that product
in order to be able to work accordingly and generate or manage all the permits,
certifications or authorizations required for that subject. It is a whole process,
not because the first thing we have to do is identify the commercial mixture and,
in this way, carry out the tariff classification of the goods and elaborate
this document that is called qus OPI quality, stand the predition process where they
will be mentioned to list, depending on the target market, if it goes
for Colombias and goes for Argentina, if it goes for Mexico, then what
the implications will be. We know that foreign trade is one element that will
help us identify all those implications which tariff classification is. With tariff classification,
we are going to know what the tariff you are going to pay, what
permissions we must process if there is a certification that has to be managed or
started or processed. All these elements are going to be identified with the tariff
classification and it is super important that from the beginning in the production plan,
this fraction, that tariff classification, is already identified, to work accordingly and
so have identified all the implications that I told them they have to fulfill at
the point of entering the country from regulations, even if it is a product
that comes from some country with which we have a free trade agreement, because
to manage the certificate of origin in order to obtain the benefit as such if
there is any release to cover. And all these elements, because it is
necessary to be identified from the moment that the production of these goods is being
planned. And well, that' s what we call customs planning all the
previous acts that have to be done. We wish the dispatch does not start
when the goods arrived at customs, but since it is planning to buy or
produce a product. All the implications have to be identified, because let us
remember that here imagine those sixty- seventy- five days, a container in
the port begins to generate storage. The seven days you find it ends and
the shipping companies give you fourteen days free of delays and you start to generate
a cost of storage, another cost of delays. And then the effectiveness was
no longer fulfilled, because we did not arrive at the time when the event
was going to be held and the efficiency is going to consu all these additional
expenses simply for not having carried a good planning. Now this is also interesting
the logistic DNA. I remember a few years ago that when I just left
Mateul I had the opportunity to participate in the Expo Logística two thousand nineteen,
I do not forget and just representing FTA. I remember there we were at
the exhibition and we developed a very interesting project with Octavio, where we talked
about the seven capital sins of logistics, and one of them was precisely the
subject of that of the good one we talked about as of lust, where
we related it precisely to the nepotism that often occurs in companies, because simply
logistics is an activity, as we see, multidisciplinary, where a lawyer,
an engineer, an accountant, a financier, any position or any career has
cavity in logistics. For all these activities that have to be carried out.
Then it is very difficult for human resources to question any recruitment. If the
leader of the area or the director of the area decides to place that person,
because hardly human resources, he will have elements to say no. No,
like in a law firm, because we need lawyers, in an accountant
' s office, we need accountants in logistics, because we all have room.
So the point, which is that that lends itself to sometimes people who
don' t have as such a profile, a DNA. I call it
a DNA where I fully realize that here, in this activity, we are
hardly going to have a defined schedule at work. If we have communication or
relationship with someone else who is at another geographic point with other hourly uses,
it will become a problem, because there are times when, for example,
when we have communication with people from China, they at nine o' clock
on the night we start working. It' s already 10: 00 a
m over there. And then, we have to put together as a second
shift to carry out a good communication. And so, if we are coordinating
the transport, the delivery of a merchandise that comes from the port and that
will arrive at the hours of the morning, we have to be on the
slope of the route, because there are many situations in the road, an
accident, a rim punch, any situation, because we have to be attentive,
because it is already, everything is programmed to arrive the unit of the
first hours of the morning and it will proceed with the discharge. And all
that, then, if we are not attentive and if we are not aware
that we need to have that adn that we need to be aware that we
can have our work, our functions and our responsibilities demand a little more than
others that end at six. If you close your computer and forget everything,
it becomes a problem for those people and becomes a nightmare, even for the
family. Not then. That is why it is important to understand that the
person who enters in this matter, because he must be aware of different questions,
such as pride, where suddenly we think that, having already thirty years
of trajectory, we already know everything. In fact, logistics is difficult,
because logistics is a biological activity that is constantly moving and has many factors that
are going to be moving. And they' re going to be conditioning the
results and we have to be attentive and always learn new things. If we
don' t update ourselves, if we don' t have that awareness that
in logistics you never stop learning, we' re going to have the same
story that these two companies had that we' re mentioning there, just because
we think that or because we refuse changes and new challenges. So I think
we all know the story of Blockbuster and Koda, and that' s just
it. We have to be on the lookout for all the changes, movements
of the environment, how it is going to happen and act accordingly. Another
subject also laziness is not recommended in this activity and, of course, much
less envy. We don' t have to work as a team, learn
to work as a team, learn from others. We' ll always really
learn from each other. And just when someone comes along with new ideas,
with a new mindset, they can suddenly make us see things that maybe we,
because of that thought that we already know everything we are all hardly going
to get. And then it is important, as I told you, to
understand that a person who is in the logistics process, in a logistics,
because he must be aware that he must have the ability to develop different activities,
be focused on the objectives to correct all the issues and challenges that are
going to be faced and, as I said, work as a team.
It is not very important to understand that the different links involved in the logistics
process. We must work in the same direction and in the same approach,
with good communication so that the results are favourable. At the end of the
day, if we don' t have that ability to relate in a good
way to our colleagues, we' re hardly going to have a good result.
And, as I was telling you, then, at the end of
the day, all this causes these kinds of interesting problems to arise. Now
we' re going with the environment. How we' re doing in time.
Okay, I' m going too fast. We still have more than
half an hour, but we can leave time at the end for questions and
answers. We' re doing great, Doctor Ok. The environment is undoubtedly
the most complicated and uncertain issue. Why, because they' re issues we
can' t control. The political environment, the climate environment, the social
environment of our country, really has us complicated the climate and we know what
is happening in Acapulco, for example. So this question forces us to be
very observant, to be very aware of what is happening around us, because
it will depend on that, they will depend on many things and we will
avoid having all these horror stories that we could tell in this environment, precisely
because of the complexity that our country has. We could make mention of endless
issues and things that are really complicated. An anecdote that I could tell you
another horror story. We had a shipment that brought toys and curiously, toys
not the day and this but it was not for mateal was another company,
a smaller company. Then it turns out that this product arrived a little burnt,
a little late to customs. The first day of January came and then
we were already with the time to sell it. For because we remember that
the toy, without being a product, without being a food, is considered
a perishable product, because after the 5th of January in Mexico, perhaps in
other places, Christmas, on the 24th of December, already on the 5th
of January in Mexico, no longer after the 5th of January, that product
has already been ruined and will no longer be displaced as it could be displaced
before that date. Then we' d come a little tight. In time.
The first one' s here, we' re speeding it up.
His office came out the second. On January 2nd he left the port and
it was a little late and the instruction was that he should come as quickly
as possible so that at six o' clock in the morning we would be
unloading him. We weren' t even gonna store it anymore. The vans
were already ready to make the distribution at the different points of sale and try
to do so, to place, place or sell as many products as possible.
Then we ask the custody you know that you come like this, but
as forgiveness, like lightning, and don' t stop and just what it
takes for you to arrive at six o' clock in the morning we will
be waiting for it, waiting for the total container that has already arrived to
arch, or that it is here by the State of Mexico, a very
conflictive area, very complicated. And the operator and wanted no longer to continue
the road. He stopped at the booth and said I' m not going
to go on until the light of day goes on. It was four o
' clock in the morning. The idea was to make it at six and
it was just about time. No, but he didn' t want it
anymore, but he didn' t want to continue or not until it got
up in the day. I' m not going to go on and I
' ve been told custody. I know what, because the operator says that
it will no longer move and there it will stay until the light of day
to see passamemos and already this one talk to the operator to see what happens
to you, because if you have to move already we come up with that
merchandise. They' re waiting for us at the Warehouse, and it'
s all settled. There we have thirty people waiting for the maneuver. We
' ve got ten trucks formed to load the merchandise. I mean, no,
you can' t stop. Please, let' s get on with
the march. The lord answered me. Please don' t send me to
death. You don' t know how hard it is to enter the north
arch and with toys more, it' s not real. You want me
to get killed and think about my kids and think about what I have a
family and not be like that with me. Please, I beg you like
this. The operator asked me to. I was so shocked and the truth
is that it is a situation, it is a place of high risk and
I understood. The truth is that I understood that we could not pass over
that issue because the environment is complicated and what we decided was to stop it.
You don' t know what' s right You' re right You
' re gonna stay there until dawn. But, then, we understood that
the environment did not lend itself to be able to do that and as much
as anxiety and time were, the time already pressing. We couldn' t
take that risk, because the environment puts it this way, it' s
not complicated. And then we have to take these kinds of situations into account,
because if not, then, that despair, that anxiety, because it
can bring critical and catastrophic or regrettable consequences. So, I think it was
the best decision and here we see what are the factors that condition logistics.
Now, entering into context, we have no internal factors that are controllable and
that there are also uncontrollable and external factors, which is just what we were
talking about the political, social, technological, climate environment of a country that
is going to bring many consequences and that is going to bring a series of
complications that we have to look for how to solve a friend who works in
a company that sells oils for cars. We' re not promoting brands.
I was telling myself that for some time now, they have stopped having their
distribution units marked with the brand for obvious reasons, but it is not good
to have them blank, because then they arouse curiosity And now what they do
is to label the vans with fruits and vegetables and so they distribute their oils
precisely to not attract attention and that thieves, because they think that there they
bring and lettuces and bananas, then there is not like much to gain there.
No. These kinds of strategies must be sought precisely because of the environment
we are living in, which we have in our country. It is very
complicated and it is best to have identified all these aspects. Now, speaking
of the factors, we have to in the first instance, the management of
the company, the guidelines of how we have to move in the logistic process
has to send it from above the signal. The directors or owners must be
very clear in this strategy or in this guideline, because if not, then
it becomes a whole problem. We, in Matel, had a clear thing
with plyance. I couldn' t here tell us to see the gray doesn
' t exist here, or it' s white, or it' s
black. And if it makes you sound, then don' t do it,
because then you' re going into a gray that for us is black.
No. And then imagine a scenario where you have a super urgent delivery
for the most important customer and it turns out that at a traffic light a
cop stops him and you know what. Well, you missed a document.
You know what' s not happening in our country. Give me five hundred
pesos. If you can follow yourself and if the operator would let us know,
you know what he' s asking me for five hundred pesos. No,
we can' t be involved in corruption. And if you have to
go to the corral and if we have to send the lawyer and if we
have to talk to the client and tell him to see a situation that gets
out of hand, we can' t give you the surrender why, because
we' re not going to make participants in these issues. Then it was
the directive and the one who wanted to become the hero saying no yes,
pay them. I already authorize you, because it' s important in delivery.
No, because that person ended up in the street and that we all
had clear from above and, perhaps, another in another company can be different
and can say that they say listen you know what, no, you don
' t give him five hundred, it comes out thousand, but we come
up because that delivery will represent the payroll of the week or of the fortnight
and then change the issues. No, but it is important that the person
who is above the leader, the director, be very clear in those guidelines.
The relationship between departments has a lot to do with the subject of communication.
The example I gave you earlier about this communication, where there must be
empathy and, obviously, an understanding between the areas, precisely to avoid issues
that end up affecting logistics, stock management, transportation, warehouses, material movements
and all these elements can actually be controlled through the establishment of processes or procedures
to map them as we call them. And obviously here would also enter the
layers where we could identify the performance of each of these activities to continue making
the necessary adjustments to achieve the objectives. But where we do have a problem
because we can' t control. It is just in the product, in
the channel of the distribution channel and in the selling price. These factors depend
entirely on the customer. The customer decides which product he will buy, which
he will prefer, which distribution channel he will buy and what price he is
willing to pay for it. And I can actually share that it was my
turn to see products. I don' t know how the muster hyde.
I remember those ugly dolls. I didn' t like them, but how
people liked them, girls. So, the first year we brought in,
there wasn' t much optimism about that product. They brought small pieces about
three hundred thousand for the whole market and flew, that is, they did
not last a month at the point of sale and the resellers took them to
the informal market to the Tianguis And all this We sold it in three hundred
pesos, three hundred fifty and in the Tianques they sold them up to one
thousand five hundred pesos and the people paid them. That is, in fact,
it is the consumer, the customer, the one who is willing,
the one who has the willingness to choose which product to buy and what price
he is willing to pay for it. The famous law of supply of demand
here plays a lot and, in fact, there may be products that do
not even turn to see them and that are left behind and that have to
be sold at fifty pesos or five pesos to leave. And that also happens
And well, as I was commenting on the issue of the uncontrollable, the
external factors, we are going to find a lot of them on the political
and social issue of our country. This change that takes place in an interesting
way, where the leap ceases to take over the Directorate General of Customs or
rather disappears the Directorate General of Customs, the National Customs Agency of Mexico is
created as an interesting feature. The Government does not say what, because the
issue of collection is already important and remains one of the main elements of customs,
but not more than national security. And that justifies that today, they
begin to involve the military and go to work in this area where they may
not have that level of knowledge. And so this leads us to a learning
curve that everyone involved in foreign trade and that we have some interaction with customs,
because we have to pay practically. There are a number of situations that
are part of this process, of this learning curve, what it' s
called, and that' s an environment that they' re just learning.
And the truth has been to me to have students with a lot of disposition,
military, with a lot of disposition, with a lot of desire to
learn and of course, to do better their work. But I imagine that
there are also many who are with the subject of preparation, which they have
with all these trainings, because it is also a little complicated all this and,
obviously, because we are there suffering the consequences, in addition to the
topic saturation, in customs, the lack of attention, the logistical problem,
many issues that are part of this environment and that we see it in the
different customs, either border or port. We are having problems in different ways,
but they have generated and caused a delay in the office. And now
when we could say that the office was only considered as an element of easier
solution if we had everything well planned. Today we don' t depend so
much. I mean, we do depend on planning, but we also just
depend on things being done as a little bit more in advance, because we
know that there are schedules or rather hours late in different customs. We can
' t talk about it in the North. We can mention it in Veracruz,
in Manzanillo, in Lazar Cárdenas, in all the most important customs of
our country we have an issue, we have issues and this is part of
the environment that we have to face and that we have to suffer. Also
agreed, the global environment is also very important. And this, then,
is more than good. Yes, it has brought problems, but it has
also brought a trend known as the Neer Shoric, which has come to benefit
our country, because it has increased employment opportunities in everything that has to do
with foreign trade, with international trade. How this problem began, first with
the trade war between the United States and China, where the United States was
no longer so pleased that some years ago they opened the doors of international trade.
Today, they are already having or already have many problems that it seems
are how we could mention it difficult to solve difficult to solve complicated and complex
and that already the United States is aware that already it has to make a
contraction and that globalization that they themselves promoted a few years ago, today,
is no longer so viable because of different issues. What to think and what
to say about the time of covid where we had to face very complicated and
very painful situations, losses of people, diseases and that completely changed the world
of logistics. Why, because it caused a certain shortage and certain issues which,
therefore, made the Brexit a complication to the whole world also to talk
about that Britain, like the United States, realizes that it can no longer
remain linked to the European Union by different issues and has made the decision also
to step aside and is attracted a critical consequence in the economic aspect. The
war between Ukraine and Russia has also been an issue because it has caused the
European Union to suffer greatly from this shortage of fuel and energy and has led
to a significant increase in the cost of living in those regions. The covid
and all these issues brought certain complications that made sea freight as viable as we
saw it, as it was no longer so much. I do not know
if you remember this blockade that occurs in the Suez Canal, which caused a
nightmare for our European friends too, because there was a significant delay in the
supply of products, the increase of the marine freight, which told them of
three two thousand five hundred dollars, that we paid regularly three thousand in season,
three thousand five hundred came to be up to nineteen thousand dollars a container
from China to Mexico or to the United States. And this obviously made the
logistics operation more expensive and it was no longer as viable to bring products from
the far distance. What' s known as the of shopping has already stayed
there, like I think it' s no longer the option. No.
And this is where we' re talking about the new shurring, where the
U S says China shut down its factories fifty- six days, almost two
months, and the U S said hey, because we don' t need
drugs, we need medical devices. No, I don' t care.
I have to close because we have to cut off the diseases. Unlike Mexico,
which became an essential activity and with that justification we could or had to
continue working, even if many people died. The ability to have a controlled
environment for the United States is important and that' s why the ner Shorting
show becomes a trend today that has brought benefits to our country. In quotation
marks, I would say, but it has brought benefits because it has generated
more jobs, it has brought investment, it has increased the exchange rate,
as it is when we thought it would be a different situation, because we
are seeing the benefits there. It does not bring the production of different products
precisely so that the United States has a peace of mind in the supply of
these resources or these goods. And so that justifies all this, in addition
to all the contexts that our country has, such as these promotion programs,
such as the LYMIX, the PROSECT the Droweback, which help investors or companies
to place themselves in our country with these different advantages that can help them make
their operation and production much more competitive and less risky, as it is now
in China. Here we have some investments that have been brewing no more than
the north. We are already seeing that it begins to invade in the central
part or or Najuato, aguascalientes. Querétaro already has an interesting investment thanks to
Nashoring. And here we see the new effects Leon, the scales to Luis
Potosi companies not only from the United States, also from China, from South
Korea, from Germany, even Brazilians are here. And well, there talking
about this project that is being developed in the south of our country. Just
to have a wider environment for the issue of production and supply of products.
It is only right to put conditions in place for it to start producing beyond
the North. No, and this, then, has brought an opportunity.
That opportunity is also waking up. This project that I already had since the
time of Don Porfirio, the interoceanic corridor, which was even like an option
before thinking about the Panama Canal and that, with all the problems that is
going through today the Panama Canal, through the water supply, because it also
becomes an interesting logistic option this interoceanic corridor, which would be, through the
railroad or the road routes, in order, at the narrowest point of our
country, to have the possibility of crossing the containers in order to reach the
west of the United States and, obviously, also the European continent. All
right, we still have time, five more minutes, Celia, yeah,
sure, we still have time ahead. Ok Without a doubt, the last
topic that we could mention the telecan of telechannel temoc became a whole subject because
it brought a series of we could say challenges. For our country, of
twenty- two chapters we convert to thirty- four chapters, where come some
very interesting changes in the rules of origin. A new rule of origin is
created that is called value of labor content, where the salary for workers in
the automotive industry is already conditioned in the procedures of origin, where the certificate
of origin of the telecan disappears and now in the temec we have a certificate
of origin already without an official format. The anti- corruption issue, which
puts the finger on the wound in our country, with one of the problems
of the very complicated environment for us, where we talk about these responsibilities of
public servants so as not to be promoting this kind of issues the good regulatory
practices. One of the most serious problems we have in our country just has
to do with the famous NOMS. The regulations regarding the performance or quality of
products in Mexico for many years were evaded or exempted in an inappropriate or improper
manner. The same situation that was corrected in two thousand nineteen, but that
finally, today, became more complex. Why. Because for a long time
they have been developing a regulatory structure that obliges us to comply in a product
with up to six seven official Mexican standards, when in other countries, such
as the United States or the European Union, they with a single technical standard,
cover the certification of a product in Mexico, if it is a toy.
First the number fifteen of commercial information, then the two, fifty-
two of what are the limits of bioavailability in paints that are used for toys,
if it is an electric or electronic toy, the one, three which
is for electrical or electronic equipment. But there too it goes to zero twenty
- four for commercial information, instructive labels and such issues. And if it
is a remote control toy, it also requires certification in radiocommunications and fetel to
be able to comply. Then there are already six rules for a simple toy.
Now in fear we are forced or required in this twenty- eight chapter
of good regulatory practices to make regulation easier in our country, because it is
very complex and costly and, obviously, it is not an option for some
companies. Finally, we also have the first treaty that has sixteen years in
force for the Treaty to be concluded and with a possibility of updating it every
six years, despite the fact that there is the famous denunciation where the country,
in any country, can say I am no longer going and in six
months is disconnected from the Treaty. Yet they preferred to put those sixteen years
into effect. And in the final provisions that speak precisely of the refusal of
the possibility of having a free trade agreement with a non- market economy country,
with specific reference to China, not hardly in Mexico, it will have
a free trade agreement with China unless the United States is involved. There,
yeah, there, yeah. I' m sure we can celebrate. And
on the labor issue, we know perfectly well that there is an abyss of
difference between what a person earns in the United States or in Canada, compared
to what he earns in Mexico, no, and how we can establish equal
conditions And that economic and skilled labor is what Mexico has to offer in this
agreement, in this Treaty so important that we remember that for our country it
is the main one, because it represents more than eighty percent of Mexico'
s foreign trade. The insecurity as the last topic already to finish, to
form part of the environment also and we see here a series of questions in
different points of our country, different regions, in the north, in the
south, in the center, Zacatecas, Tamaulipas, Tijuana, Nuebo, Laredo,
Michoacán, Guanajuato, hehjole Guerrero, but where it was to Cancun,
No, since it was before paradise. It is already an issue, unfortunately,
and this is something that worries because, at the end of the day,
these opportunities that are suddenly being generated there generate as certain, a certain
fear of investors, to say, child no. I' m not that
convinced. Not why, for all this, international transport at COTERPS, the
five TERPS finally, also a topic of nightmares, precisely because of the bad
choice of an incotern It was to bring a question of legal, legal dispute,
which brings the consequence of losing an important and valuable supplier, of losing
a secure and constant customer and fulfilled for not having the ability to fully understand
the five termes no and to select one that does not cover all those needs.
In the first case, we have here the x Works, which says
the International Chamber of Commerce x Words is not an iconter to be used in
international trade. Why, because the buyer does not have the ability to carry
out the cargo maneuver. And the loading and unloading maneuver represents one of the
elements, or the factors where there is the greatest risk of human error.
And here in x Works it happens a lot that when we hire a dort
tudor. The shipping company puts the container at the point in the seller'
s sales factory so that the goods will be loaded. But, like the
seller, he is not responsible for the load of the merchandise, but he
will do it in good will, without obligation. Any situation, any failure,
any damage caused to the merchandise, can easily disassociate itself from washing the
hands of saying is ex words. It' s your problem, no,
mine. No. And then here comes the issue, because the dispute begins.
And he' s right. The seller x Works does not force him
to carry out the caraga maneuver, then that' s the International Chamber of
Commerce. If you can' t carry out your maneuver, then change your
term and give him a FC so he can be responsible for the meat.
And then we all question and we ask the Chamber of Commerce and how,
if we' re talking about international commercial terms, how we' re going
to remove this issue, no, how we' re going to give it
or talk about an x Works, but don' t use it in international
trade. How the Chamber of Commerce Corrected It Says Good, because if your
problem is that the fiveters are international, because they are also going to be
domestic and now in the title of books it says rules for use in domestic
and international commerce. Solution. I insist x Words is not an incoter for
international trade, which you cannot carry out one of the most risky activities,
which would be the loading and unloading maneuver. Now, in this scenario,
we see here another figure image of terror in an incoterm c We have a
problem because the logic where we say the seller hires the transport, pays the
transport, contracts the insurance, pays the insurance, but the rules five ters
tell the risk. The buyer' s already taking it. Then the buyer
does not know that or does not know that it has that context and that,
at the end of the day, in group C of the five TERPS
the costs are separated from the risks. And here comes the trouble, because
we think that if he, if the seller, hired the transport, if
he hired the insurance, he has to take responsibility. And that' s
not who has to pay. It' s going to be the buyer,
who has to manage and fight the insurance that you see is not even difficult.
He' s gonna have to be the buyer. Even though the seller
has chosen the most risky route where everything would be frozen despite the fact that
the seller has hired an insurance company with a very dubious reputation, because with
everything and that, the buyer is the one who will have to manage with
that insurer. And then it becomes a whole problem, precisely because we don
' t control that whole context. And if anything happens to the ship,
then the buyer is also in charge. And here we see how the costs
are shared as opposed to the risks, in the costs, if the seller
hires and pays the transport to the destination port point, in the case of
CPTACT, which is for another type of transport to the destination country, but
in the expenses, in the risks, the one that leads to the risks
at CPTACP or CFRIC is the buyer. All right, now we' re
gonna hit it. In conclusion, to give time to questions and answers,
comments and so on. The truth is, I' ve been very interesting.
I really liked to hear it. He had had the opportunity in the
graduates, in which he is part of listening to some of his doctoral professorship,
and the truth is always a pleasure and because I take advantage to give
the word of first instance to our seen panelists. I don' t know
if I want to comment. Let' s take advantage of the microphone,
very kind, elvia. Thank you very much, Dr Diaz, for a
masterful exhibition. Fears and terrors had just appeared and those, therefore, were
unpredictable. That is why the issues that are insurmountable are the ones that have
just happened in Ukraine and Russia, with Israel and Gaza, and that affects
us. Those are the terror issues because we have never had a world at
peace since it was Cain, since seeing it killed, since Cain killed Abel,
we have always been in trouble. Thank you for your lecture and congratulations,
Doctor. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you very much.
Thank you. I saw a pleasure to see you here and well I
also read a few comments that brings us to July appreciated. First he said
yes, crime. What was your opinion about the logistics chain. At the
end of its presentation, crime was already part of the external factors. Then,
Juan Preciaro tells us in his experience how external factors can be measured,
how they are political, social, etcetera. Rather than being measured, it
is important to take them, because, I tell you, they are uncontrollable
factors, as we mentioned in the graph, the most important thing is to
be aware of what is happening. Not because we said we would have to
develop a strategy to confront them, of how to persuade those situations, which
I talked about this one of the oils that puts fruits and vegetables on their
labels. And then it tries to persuade a very creative strategy, very interesting,
because that' s what we have to do to find how not to
be or be better said, to be like a little discreet, because,
unfortunately, nothing else is like the slope of ah no, because this one
already has this And so and then, because it becomes a whole problem.
So here those kind of strategies are like the ones that we would have to
look for to solve hard we will be able to measure it. That is,
what we have to do is see how to avoid such situations, as
in security certifications, not have that risk analysis, identify our risks and take
action or establish measures to mitigate those risks that we know are there, but
how we can counter them or maybe have a contingency plan, if they happen
to us. So when we use custody, it' s not like to
deal with them, but to make sure that the operator doesn' t take
risks by going for the piz, for the free and issues of that kind
that put the operation or the merchandise at risk. So custody, as it
goes like the slope, supervising you to do things properly and you' re
holding us in high- risk places, for example. Very well, thank
you very much, doctor, and now that we are very punctual, we
thank you for all your questions or participation. Many congratulations on the chat.
I don' t know if you' ve seen any additional questions you want
to answer that I' m not seeing. They' re asking if I
could clarify between Lexbork and face asks Betty Torres. As for the incoterms OK,
yeah, well. X Works we said is a term where the seller
exempts from any liability. It has no responsibility other than to deliver the goods
with the proper packaging, not even the handling of cargo and responsibility for it,
much less pediment or the export process. So those are the things that
limit this term and the Chamber of Commerce recommends not to use it in international
comandum. Rather the domestic trade, where you can send a maneuver to do
the loading and there is no export clearance procedure. In the case of the
fast that is Frea alongs ship is a term of the group F where it
has to be delivered to the carrier. In this easy term it uses mainly
for bulk that are to be loaded from a silo, from some point or
with cannons to the ship, and that is why the goods are left to
be delivered to the side of the ship. But there is an export dispatch
there and if there is a responsibility on the part of the seller to take
that merchandise to the port of departure, because let us remember that this term
is unique exclusively for maritime traffic. It looks good on him. Doctor.
That is why I have already answered the question, and I can only thank
you. It is always a pleasure to hear it, to greet it,
and as I was very pleased to see you, I had the opportunity to
present it today and, if I may, apart from thanking all those who
accompanied us, I read the recognition given to it. Let' s barter
a barter that gives the present recognition to Dr Héctor Díaz Zar alone for making
a truck in the virtual conversation with the theme horror stories in the logistics today,
one November of the two thousand twenty- three, signed by Dr.
Octavio de la Torre Estéfano, founder of Telesemagas and in Mexico, and teacher
Daniela Martínez, General Director of Telesemagas in Mexico. Thank you so much.
We bring them in, doctor, and thank you all very much. We
started this November with the talks. Let' s say a barter We hope
to see you next Monday. We' ve reached the end of today'
s barter. Thank you so much for joining us. This was let'
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