WEBVTT

1
00:00:16.760 --> 00:00:23.559
Hello, and welcome to Western Sieve
Episode two hundred and fifty four. Oh

2
00:00:23.719 --> 00:00:29.679
brother, where art thou? In
our last episode, Manco Inca launched his

3
00:00:29.879 --> 00:00:36.439
great rebellion. Manco had by now
realized that the Spaniards were playing him for

4
00:00:36.560 --> 00:00:43.079
a fool. He was ready to
chance everything on the roll of a dice,

5
00:00:44.399 --> 00:00:50.240
and when we last ended, he
was supremely confident his armies had Francisco

6
00:00:50.359 --> 00:00:56.039
Pizarro pinned down around what he was
calling los reyes, what we would call

7
00:00:56.759 --> 00:01:02.600
Lima. Pizaro and his brother Gonzalo, we're holding on for dear life in

8
00:01:02.719 --> 00:01:08.359
Cusco. Outnumbered thousands to one,
the Spaniards hoped their ability to force the

9
00:01:08.400 --> 00:01:12.599
Inca from their main fortress to the
north of the city would change their situation.

10
00:01:15.079 --> 00:01:19.840
But though their situation might have improved, which had had, they were

11
00:01:19.840 --> 00:01:26.120
still vastly outnumbered and needed some way
to break through Manco's armies, which had

12
00:01:26.159 --> 00:01:34.200
only gotten let's say, fractionally easier. If Hannando and Gonzalo are going to

13
00:01:34.200 --> 00:01:49.799
survive, they would need to keep
gambling and winning. But Zisco Pizaro did

14
00:01:49.799 --> 00:01:56.280
not learn about the assault on Cusco
or Manco Inca's rebellion until May the fourth,

15
00:01:56.319 --> 00:02:00.159
fifteen thirty six, two days before
the mass of Inca assault on the

16
00:02:00.200 --> 00:02:07.400
capitol, Pisaro fired off two frantic
letters to his brothers, telling them that

17
00:02:07.439 --> 00:02:13.520
he was sending aid as quickly as
he could. Neither letter made it,

18
00:02:14.599 --> 00:02:22.639
one, however, survived in its
patchwork. It reads as follows, Magnificent

19
00:02:22.719 --> 00:02:25.919
Sir, today, I arrived in
the city of kings Lima after a visit

20
00:02:25.960 --> 00:02:30.159
to the cities of San Miguel in
the newly founded city of Trahilo, with

21
00:02:30.280 --> 00:02:36.000
the intention of resting after so many
hardships and dangers. But before I could

22
00:02:36.039 --> 00:02:38.639
even get off my horse, they
gave me some letters from you and from

23
00:02:38.680 --> 00:02:43.759
my brothers, through which I was
informed of the rebellion of that traitor,

24
00:02:44.280 --> 00:02:49.919
the Inca Emperor. This greatly troubles
me on account of the detrimenta will cause

25
00:02:49.960 --> 00:02:53.680
to the service of the Emperor,
Our Lord, and the danger that you

26
00:02:53.759 --> 00:02:57.039
are in, and of the trouble
it will cause me in my old age.

27
00:02:57.879 --> 00:03:02.039
I am greatly consoled your presence there
in Cusco, and if it is

28
00:03:02.080 --> 00:03:07.479
the will of God, we will
rescue those of you there. And thus

29
00:03:07.479 --> 00:03:12.120
I leave you, praying to our
Lord to watch over and to aige your

30
00:03:12.240 --> 00:03:21.599
magnificent person day to the fifth of
May fifteen thirty six, signed Francisco Pizaro.

31
00:03:22.639 --> 00:03:27.719
Pizzaro had only founded the City of
Kings for months earlier. He named

32
00:03:27.759 --> 00:03:30.639
it the City of Kings because it
was established on the Feast of Epiphany,

33
00:03:31.280 --> 00:03:37.599
also known as the Feast of the
Magi or the Three Kings as they're often

34
00:03:37.639 --> 00:03:40.919
called in the United States. Lying
on a flat desert plain, the city

35
00:03:42.039 --> 00:03:49.240
was bordered by the Remac River,
which literally meant the speaker in Inca Remac,

36
00:03:49.360 --> 00:03:53.639
believe it or not, is later
going to be corrupted into the city's

37
00:03:53.639 --> 00:04:00.360
present name Lima. Since his arrival
in Peru for the second time and sis

38
00:04:00.400 --> 00:04:06.199
Gopizarro had scarcely stopped to rest,
he had defeated and killed Atahualpa, crowned

39
00:04:06.240 --> 00:04:11.960
manko Inca, and set out to
build what would become the capital of Spanish

40
00:04:12.000 --> 00:04:17.759
South America. No one understood the
need to win the piece so much as

41
00:04:17.839 --> 00:04:24.639
Fransasko Pizzaro. He still had less
than six hundred total Spaniards at his disposal

42
00:04:25.160 --> 00:04:30.879
against an empire of perhaps five hundred
million. That means his men were outnumbered

43
00:04:30.920 --> 00:04:36.680
about ten thousand to one. The
kinds of unforced errors his brothers were busy

44
00:04:36.759 --> 00:04:42.800
making as though they were going out
of style would not have worked the best

45
00:04:42.839 --> 00:04:49.879
of circumstances, and these were not
the best of circumstances. The fact of

46
00:04:49.920 --> 00:04:56.439
the matter was that Pizzaro and his
fellow Spaniards controlled only a few tiny pockets

47
00:04:56.439 --> 00:05:00.439
of the Inca Empire. And yes, for the moment, I'm going to

48
00:05:00.439 --> 00:05:08.680
totally ignore Almagro and his army,
which is somewhere working its way north present

49
00:05:08.759 --> 00:05:17.519
day Chile. Pisaro's power emanated outward
because of his alliance with manco Inca.

50
00:05:17.600 --> 00:05:27.240
Hence, when the alliance disappeared,
his extended power disappeared. Pisardo realized that

51
00:05:27.240 --> 00:05:31.079
if manco Inca would be able to
take Cusco, not only would he lose

52
00:05:31.120 --> 00:05:36.480
over half of his brothers, but
he would likely lose half of his available

53
00:05:36.480 --> 00:05:44.000
forces as well. The conquest of
Breu would need to start all over again,

54
00:05:45.519 --> 00:05:49.759
and this time there would be no
fooling a gullible manco Inca that he

55
00:05:49.839 --> 00:05:57.360
was on his side. Hence,
Pisaro did what he could and dispatch two

56
00:05:57.399 --> 00:06:04.120
forces towards Cusco immediately. Essentially,
he sent one north and one south over

57
00:06:04.240 --> 00:06:12.279
different passes through the Andes toward Cusco. Pizzaro really thought that he had Manco

58
00:06:12.360 --> 00:06:18.839
Inca out foxed on this occasion,
But little did he realize Manco had already

59
00:06:18.959 --> 00:06:26.639
sent a massive army whose sole purpose
it was to block any relief force from

60
00:06:26.839 --> 00:06:33.199
leaving Lima. Pizzaro sent two forces
of cavalry into the mountains. One was

61
00:06:33.279 --> 00:06:40.360
led by Gonzalo de Tapia. Tapia's
column was to follow the Inca Road south

62
00:06:40.399 --> 00:06:45.519
on the coast for nearly one hundred
miles and then take a branch east that

63
00:06:45.680 --> 00:06:50.199
climbed into the Andes. Eventually,
the cavalry unit would turn south into the

64
00:06:50.240 --> 00:06:57.639
main Inca highway and take it all
the way to Cusco. What neither Pizzaro

65
00:06:57.839 --> 00:07:02.560
nor his captains realized, however,
was that Manco had already sent a native

66
00:07:02.639 --> 00:07:08.240
army north from Cusco under the command
of one of his generals, with orders

67
00:07:08.279 --> 00:07:13.920
to pin down Pisardo's forces in Lima
and prevent Pisardo from relieving the besieged mountain

68
00:07:13.959 --> 00:07:19.560
capital. By now, Spanish forces
in Lima, Jawa, and Cusco were

69
00:07:19.600 --> 00:07:26.839
operating in a virtual information blackout,
unable to communicate with one another. Not

70
00:07:27.000 --> 00:07:31.959
only had the Incas succeeded in severing
the Spaniards lines of communications. They had

71
00:07:32.000 --> 00:07:39.519
also been busy redesigning their military tactics. After three and a half years of

72
00:07:39.560 --> 00:07:46.360
occupation, Manco's generals knew by now
something of the strengths and weaknesses of Spanish

73
00:07:46.360 --> 00:07:53.759
military techniques. Attacking Spanish cavalry while
on level ground was essentially suicide, no

74
00:07:53.800 --> 00:07:59.000
matter how many native troops there were. They also knew that the only successes

75
00:07:59.040 --> 00:08:05.079
their troops had had boss far had
been attacking the Spaniards on terrain so rough

76
00:08:05.879 --> 00:08:11.720
that the cavalry was useless. Now, with advanced knowledge of two Spanish columns

77
00:08:11.759 --> 00:08:18.240
moving slowly between jagged heights and narrow
passes of the Andes, and taking into

78
00:08:18.240 --> 00:08:24.600
account everything that he knew about the
invaders, General Kiso, probably the most

79
00:08:24.720 --> 00:08:31.399
important INCA general moving forward, carefully
made his plans. According to one chronicler

80
00:08:31.720 --> 00:08:39.399
quote there, the INCA strategy was
the following. They would allow the Spaniards

81
00:08:39.559 --> 00:08:43.519
to enter a deep, narrow gorge
and seizing the entrance and exit with a

82
00:08:43.559 --> 00:08:48.240
great mass of Indians. They would
then hurl down such a quantity of rocks

83
00:08:48.240 --> 00:08:54.200
and boulders from the hillsides they would
kill them all almost without having to come

84
00:08:54.200 --> 00:09:00.679
to grips with them endue. The
strategy was simple, use thegraphy of the

85
00:09:00.720 --> 00:09:07.399
Andes against the Spaniards, and soon
enough this became the number one operating principle

86
00:09:07.559 --> 00:09:11.720
of the Inca army. One group
of Pisado's men, as I mentioned,

87
00:09:11.840 --> 00:09:18.320
was riding south before turning east one
day, half drowsing in their saddles and

88
00:09:18.399 --> 00:09:24.279
climbing slowly up the canyon toward a
pass. These Spaniards were abruptly jolted awake

89
00:09:24.919 --> 00:09:31.480
when masses of native warriors suddenly appeared
ahead, seemingly from nowhere. Guiso's troops

90
00:09:31.879 --> 00:09:37.200
charged toward the column, launching a
volley of sling driven stones that slammed into

91
00:09:37.200 --> 00:09:43.519
the cavalrymen at the front. Caught
by a surprise Tepia, the man I

92
00:09:43.559 --> 00:09:46.960
mentioned before, and his men turned
their horses around and raced back down the

93
00:09:48.039 --> 00:09:52.399
canyon, only to find the bridge
over the river they had just used disappeared.

94
00:09:54.399 --> 00:10:01.279
Native warriors had dismantled it soon after
the Spaniards had ridden across. Surrounded

95
00:10:01.360 --> 00:10:07.720
now by sheer canyon walls and with
an impassable river between themselves and safety,

96
00:10:07.919 --> 00:10:11.559
the Spaniards were tramped As the men
shouted to one another, wheeling their horses

97
00:10:11.559 --> 00:10:16.440
around and trying to decide what to
do, a noise as loud as a

98
00:10:16.519 --> 00:10:22.200
canyon suddenly erupted in their midst A
huge boulder had smashed into the ground from

99
00:10:22.200 --> 00:10:26.759
above, crushing a number of riders
and horses and spraying others with a deadly

100
00:10:26.799 --> 00:10:33.039
shrapnel of rocks. Looking up,
the Spaniards saw in horror that natives lining

101
00:10:33.039 --> 00:10:37.840
the canyon walls were pushing more boulders
over the edge, and that others were

102
00:10:37.879 --> 00:10:43.039
already crashing down. Amid the noise
and confusion and the cries of the wounded,

103
00:10:43.600 --> 00:10:48.559
the Spaniards knew one thing for certain. They had been caught like rats

104
00:10:48.720 --> 00:10:54.399
in a prepared trap. Two,
three, and now four more boulders hit

105
00:10:54.440 --> 00:10:58.919
the ground, exploding on impact and
taking groups of horses and their riders down

106
00:11:00.039 --> 00:11:05.559
with them. Uninjured horses made,
wounded horses screamed, and Spaniards just shouted

107
00:11:05.559 --> 00:11:11.519
to each other in confusion as boulder
after boulder after boulder continued to crash down

108
00:11:11.600 --> 00:11:18.120
upon them. Some tried to escape, bolting with their horses forward or back,

109
00:11:18.879 --> 00:11:22.559
but these just ran into a sling
of stones and arrows shot by jungle

110
00:11:22.679 --> 00:11:28.240
archers. A few slammed their horses
into the masses of warriors, slashing at

111
00:11:28.279 --> 00:11:31.759
the natives with their swords, but
soon a sea of hands surrounded them and

112
00:11:31.879 --> 00:11:37.960
pulled the Spaniards from their mounts.
Thrown to the ground, these armored invaders

113
00:11:37.360 --> 00:11:46.519
immediately disappeared, never to return.
General Kiso more than likely witnessed his carefully

114
00:11:46.559 --> 00:11:52.960
designed to ambush from a perch atop
the canyon rim. He watched with satisfaction

115
00:11:52.559 --> 00:11:58.200
as wounded Spaniards crawled on the ground, pursued by native troops who used their

116
00:11:58.240 --> 00:12:03.639
heavy wooden clubs to mash in their
skulls. Other warriors grabbed the now riderless

117
00:12:03.679 --> 00:12:07.519
horses by the reins, a few
of which reared up but were unable to

118
00:12:07.639 --> 00:12:16.080
escape. Within about a half an
hour, a force of seventy Spaniards had

119
00:12:16.120 --> 00:12:24.000
been reduced to a few crawling survivors. But as I mentioned, there were

120
00:12:24.000 --> 00:12:31.480
two columns of riders. But Kiso
now he knew what to do. In

121
00:12:31.600 --> 00:12:35.960
another high, narrow canyon, similar
to that which Gonzalo de Tapia's men had

122
00:12:37.039 --> 00:12:43.879
been crushed, Kiso staged his next
ambush there. The inca general caught the

123
00:12:43.039 --> 00:12:50.679
entire force of sixty Spaniards by surprise
and quite literally crushed them with an avalanche

124
00:12:50.720 --> 00:12:58.320
of boulders. Kiso's legions then clubbed
the survivors to death. Here's one recount

125
00:12:58.759 --> 00:13:05.360
quote the inca. General Kiso seized
many supplies that these dead Spaniards were carrying

126
00:13:05.440 --> 00:13:09.919
from Spain, brocades and silk and
other rich garments, and a lot of

127
00:13:09.919 --> 00:13:15.879
wine and foodstuffs, and swords and
lances they later used against us. And

128
00:13:15.960 --> 00:13:20.399
they had more than one hundred horses, and they had also seized much artillery

129
00:13:20.559 --> 00:13:28.440
end quote. Determined to continue this
methodical campaign, General Kiso now marched his

130
00:13:28.600 --> 00:13:33.720
army north to the city of Jaoja, which was still inhabited by a community

131
00:13:33.960 --> 00:13:43.679
of a couple dozen Spaniard encomienda owners. Years of unbroken military successes and arrogance

132
00:13:43.240 --> 00:13:50.879
had lulled these Spanish inhabitants into a
false sense of security. Assuming that this

133
00:13:50.000 --> 00:13:54.240
force of sixty soldiers was still in
the area, the ones who had just

134
00:13:54.279 --> 00:14:01.120
been crushed to death by boulders,
the encomienda owners ignored reports by their frightened

135
00:14:01.120 --> 00:14:09.320
servants that a large native army was
now approaching the city. Chronicker Martan Demura

136
00:14:09.559 --> 00:14:15.519
describes, quote the Spaniards received news
that they the native warriors were coming to

137
00:14:15.600 --> 00:14:18.279
kill them, they paid no attention, nor did they respect them at all,

138
00:14:18.360 --> 00:14:22.399
saying, let these dogs come to
where we are waiting for them,

139
00:14:22.600 --> 00:14:24.960
and we will cut them all to
pieces, even if they come with twice

140
00:14:24.960 --> 00:14:30.960
the number they already have. And
for this reason they didn't want to take

141
00:14:31.000 --> 00:14:35.919
any precautions, nor fortify themselves in
the central area, nor post guards or

142
00:14:35.960 --> 00:14:39.240
lookouts, nor play spies on the
road so they could be warned when the

143
00:14:39.240 --> 00:14:46.799
Indians were near end quote. So
unfortunately for them, the Spanish and comienda

144
00:14:46.840 --> 00:14:52.840
owners failed to perceive the imminent danger
around them. That evening, General Quiso's

145
00:14:52.879 --> 00:14:56.679
troops encircled the small town of Juja. At dawn, he gave the order

146
00:14:56.720 --> 00:15:05.120
to attack the Spanish. Destruction was
almost instantaneous. Caught off guard, those

147
00:15:05.159 --> 00:15:09.519
who could quickly made their way to
the town center for an Alamo like final

148
00:15:09.600 --> 00:15:15.879
stand. It did not make a
difference. General Kiso had overwhelming numbers,

149
00:15:16.320 --> 00:15:20.639
and this time the Spanish did not
have cavalry to save them, even with

150
00:15:20.759 --> 00:15:26.919
their superior military technology. Slowly,
but surely, each of them was bludgeoned

151
00:15:28.000 --> 00:15:33.399
to death, well, all except
one. He escaped. Maybe he was

152
00:15:33.440 --> 00:15:37.600
allowed to escape, and made his
way back to Lima, where he soon

153
00:15:37.679 --> 00:15:48.000
informed a distraught Francisco Pizzaro about the
latest catastrophe. With each passing day no

154
00:15:48.159 --> 00:15:52.440
doubts, Pizzaro became more and more
certain that his dream of ruling the Anka

155
00:15:52.519 --> 00:16:00.440
Empire was slipping from his grasp.
For the first time since the Spaniards arrived

156
00:16:00.440 --> 00:16:07.200
in Peru four years earlier, an
inc in general had successfully eliminated not one,

157
00:16:07.000 --> 00:16:15.759
but four different Spanish forces, three
of which were composed of cavalry.

158
00:16:15.840 --> 00:16:23.120
How the tide had turned. Two
months prior, Francisco Pizaro commanded five hundred

159
00:16:23.159 --> 00:16:30.519
Spanish troops and had control over a
puppet emperor. Now said puppet emperor was

160
00:16:30.639 --> 00:16:37.840
leading a rebellion which had in the
past sixty days wiped out about a third

161
00:16:37.840 --> 00:16:44.879
of his troops, and his own
brother Juan was amongst the dead. Keep

162
00:16:44.960 --> 00:16:52.080
this up and Francisco would join him
before too long. All of this war

163
00:16:52.279 --> 00:16:59.080
on Francisco Pisaro. One chronicler described
him at the time as follows quote.

164
00:16:59.200 --> 00:17:03.639
The governor was greatly troubled after seeing
all the bad things that had happened,

165
00:17:03.240 --> 00:17:08.880
because he had already had four dead
captains and almost two hundred dead men and

166
00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:15.519
many horses. And he also knew
for certain at the city of Couscoe was

167
00:17:15.559 --> 00:17:21.119
either in great danger was already lost, and if the latter, then his

168
00:17:21.240 --> 00:17:26.279
brothers and all the people in it
were dead. And for this reason,

169
00:17:26.640 --> 00:17:30.839
and seeing himself with so few people, he was very distraught fearing the loss

170
00:17:30.839 --> 00:17:36.279
of this land. For there wasn't
a day when someone didn't come to tell

171
00:17:36.359 --> 00:17:41.240
him that such and such chief as
rebelled, or in such an area,

172
00:17:41.440 --> 00:17:47.799
so many Christians have died who had
gone looking for food end quote. Pizzaro

173
00:17:47.880 --> 00:17:52.759
had discovered that the Inca knew how
to defeat his cavalry, but discovered it

174
00:17:52.839 --> 00:17:56.519
too late. If he had been
aware, there's no way Pizzaro would have

175
00:17:56.599 --> 00:18:03.400
had just sent a hundred will remend
to their deaths. He believed them to

176
00:18:03.440 --> 00:18:11.920
be invulnerable, which only months before
they had been, for once the Spanish

177
00:18:11.920 --> 00:18:18.599
were on the losing end of the
information war, the Inca simply knew more

178
00:18:18.640 --> 00:18:22.359
about what was going on than they
did. Fearing that his two brothers,

179
00:18:22.519 --> 00:18:30.119
Hernando and Gonzalo might likewise be dead, Pizaro sent an emergency sos appeal to

180
00:18:30.240 --> 00:18:37.200
the various Spanish governors living elsewhere in
the Americas. We have the letter that

181
00:18:37.240 --> 00:18:41.359
he sent on July the ninth,
fifteen thirty six, to Pedro de Alvarado,

182
00:18:41.960 --> 00:18:48.640
Hernan Cortes's former second in command and
now the governor of Guatemala. In

183
00:18:48.720 --> 00:18:57.079
the letter, Pizaro sounds uncharacteristically meek
and chastened. He wrote Talvarado as follows,

184
00:18:59.039 --> 00:19:02.960
the Inca Emperor Manko has the city
of Cusco besieged, and I have

185
00:19:03.000 --> 00:19:07.400
heard nothing about the Spaniards in it. The country is so badly damaged that

186
00:19:07.440 --> 00:19:11.240
no native chief now serves us,
and they have won many victories against us.

187
00:19:11.920 --> 00:19:15.519
It is causing me such great sorrow
that is consuming my entire life,

188
00:19:15.880 --> 00:19:19.279
as well as fear of losing my
governorship. I beg of you to send

189
00:19:19.279 --> 00:19:22.839
me some help, because not only
would it be doing his majesty a great

190
00:19:22.880 --> 00:19:26.400
service, but it would also be
doing me a favor. It would save

191
00:19:26.440 --> 00:19:30.559
the lives of those who are here
in Lima. You can be sure that

192
00:19:30.599 --> 00:19:33.880
if we are not rescued, the
Cusco will be lost, and then the

193
00:19:33.920 --> 00:19:37.119
rest of us will be lost.
Because we are few and of almost no

194
00:19:37.160 --> 00:19:41.960
weapons, and the Indians are fearless. I will not say more except that

195
00:19:41.960 --> 00:19:45.640
it will cost you little to perform
this service for our royal majesty and to

196
00:19:45.680 --> 00:19:51.000
grant the favor that both his Realm
and my self request. And even if

197
00:19:51.000 --> 00:19:53.720
it costs a lot to help us
Christians, everyone will be grateful for it.

198
00:19:55.559 --> 00:19:59.480
May the Lord grant your magnificent person
as prosperous life as you desire,

199
00:20:00.039 --> 00:20:07.400
Signed Francisco Pizaro. Pizzaro's letters eventually
wound their way through Central America, into

200
00:20:07.400 --> 00:20:12.039
the Caribbean, and finally to Spain. Evidently the postal service still worked fine.

201
00:20:14.359 --> 00:20:18.920
King Charles undoubtedly read the news with
equal feelings of consternation and hopelessness.

202
00:20:18.880 --> 00:20:25.119
He was counting on his twenty percent
of Manco's gold and silver to finance his

203
00:20:25.160 --> 00:20:30.000
European wars. Never a man with
a ton of liquid capital on hand,

204
00:20:30.759 --> 00:20:37.240
Charles and his Council of the Indies
did nevertheless spring into action. One Spaniard

205
00:20:37.240 --> 00:20:41.920
wrote the following from Panama quote,
The Lord of Cousco and of the entire

206
00:20:42.000 --> 00:20:47.519
realm has rebelled. The rebellion has
spread from province to province, and suddenly

207
00:20:47.559 --> 00:20:52.960
they are all rising up rebellious chiefs
have already arrived forty leagues about one hundred

208
00:20:52.960 --> 00:20:57.359
and forty miles from the city of
the Kings, that's Los Rees or Lima.

209
00:20:57.599 --> 00:21:03.119
Governor Pizarro is asking for help,
and we'll be given everything possible from

210
00:21:03.160 --> 00:21:06.880
here. We will send someone there
with as much money as we'll be needed,

211
00:21:07.240 --> 00:21:10.839
and we are asking that as many
people come as are able, along

212
00:21:10.880 --> 00:21:15.079
with the greatest amount of artillery,
harquebuses and crossbows. Of course, all

213
00:21:15.119 --> 00:21:19.720
this would take time. For all
Charles knew by the time that letter got

214
00:21:19.799 --> 00:21:26.440
from Pizarro reached him, the rebellion
had won, All the pisados were dead

215
00:21:26.839 --> 00:21:32.279
and there was nothing to be done. But he still had to try.

216
00:21:32.599 --> 00:21:36.319
After all, he had a lot
of money on the line. While all

217
00:21:36.319 --> 00:21:41.160
this was going on, manko Inca
was celebrating General Kiso's recent victories about thirty

218
00:21:41.160 --> 00:21:47.799
miles northwest of Cusco in a fortress
temple complex called and this word is going

219
00:21:47.839 --> 00:21:52.519
to be a stretch for me oleyan
Tayambo, and that is why I will

220
00:21:52.519 --> 00:21:57.079
not be repeating that pronunciation going forward, or at the very least keeping its

221
00:21:57.079 --> 00:22:03.759
mention to a minimum. The fortress
was extremely well located and commanded both entrances

222
00:22:03.799 --> 00:22:08.559
into the Yucca Valley north of Cousco. Manko, feeling confident, now,

223
00:22:08.559 --> 00:22:15.079
addressed his native chiefs and military officers, My sons and brothers. In past

224
00:22:15.079 --> 00:22:18.559
talks, you already know how I
prevented you from inflicting harm on those evil

225
00:22:18.599 --> 00:22:23.480
people through deceit of saying they were
the sons of the creator God, which

226
00:22:23.559 --> 00:22:27.920
I permitted for this reason, and
helped them giving what I had, silver,

227
00:22:29.160 --> 00:22:33.039
gold, clothing, corn, alpacas, men, women, children,

228
00:22:33.160 --> 00:22:37.400
and innumerable other things. But they
seized me, beat me, and mistreated

229
00:22:37.440 --> 00:22:41.880
me without my having merited it,
and then they tried to kill me.

230
00:22:41.599 --> 00:22:45.000
It had caused me grief that you, being so many, and they being

231
00:22:45.039 --> 00:22:51.400
so few, they escaped from your
hands. Perhaps the gods helped them,

232
00:22:51.839 --> 00:22:53.880
for you have told me that they
were on their knees every night praying,

233
00:22:55.680 --> 00:22:57.839
for if He did not help them, then how did they escape from your

234
00:22:57.839 --> 00:23:03.359
hands? With so many of you. What is done is done. From

235
00:23:03.400 --> 00:23:07.440
now on, be aware of them, for they are our worst enemies,

236
00:23:07.920 --> 00:23:11.400
and we will perpetually be theirs.
I want to strengthen my position in this

237
00:23:11.440 --> 00:23:15.200
town and make a fortress here that
no one will be able to penetrate.

238
00:23:17.160 --> 00:23:18.839
Do me this favor, because one
day we may need to make use of

239
00:23:18.839 --> 00:23:26.279
it. Manca was feeling optimistic,
and why not, it seemed like every

240
00:23:26.400 --> 00:23:33.720
day better and better news was coming
in recalled one Inca witness quote. During

241
00:23:33.759 --> 00:23:37.279
this period, messengers arrived with news
of the destruction that have been carried out

242
00:23:37.319 --> 00:23:41.359
in Lima and Jouja, where the
battle had occurred between the Indians and the

243
00:23:41.400 --> 00:23:47.079
Spaniards, in which the Indians have
been victorious. And they brought my father,

244
00:23:47.559 --> 00:23:52.119
that is manco Inca, many heads
of Spaniards and two live Spaniards and

245
00:23:52.200 --> 00:23:56.160
a black man and four horses,
which arrived a great rejoicing for those victories.

246
00:23:56.480 --> 00:24:02.680
And my father accepted these gifts very
honorably and infused everyone with a desire

247
00:24:02.720 --> 00:24:08.079
to fight with equal vigor end quote. Knowing that General Kiso had wiped the

248
00:24:08.079 --> 00:24:12.240
central andes of the hated invaders and
with the other two Pizzarto brothers hold up

249
00:24:12.240 --> 00:24:18.319
in Cusco, manco Inca sent the
following message to his best general, march

250
00:24:18.400 --> 00:24:26.000
to Lima and eliminate Francisco Pizzaro.
Once he did that, which manko Inca

251
00:24:26.079 --> 00:24:30.000
had no doubt he would do with
great ease. Then Kiso could march back

252
00:24:30.039 --> 00:24:34.240
to Cusco, link up with the
remaining armies, and together they could eliminate

253
00:24:34.279 --> 00:24:41.200
the Spaniards once and for all.
Back in Cusco, things were getting desperate.

254
00:24:42.000 --> 00:24:48.359
One hundred and ninety men were trapped
within the capital. Sure they had

255
00:24:48.359 --> 00:24:52.079
taken the fortress of Sasko Saman,
but they were running out of supplies and

256
00:24:52.200 --> 00:24:59.319
had heard nothing from the outside world. With no communication from the other Brothers

257
00:24:59.400 --> 00:25:03.200
or from any other Spaniards, those
who within Cusco had no idea what was

258
00:25:03.240 --> 00:25:08.240
going on. Daily, however,
Mango's forces continued to attack the Spaniards and

259
00:25:08.279 --> 00:25:15.000
their native auxiliaries. A number of
captains now urged hernandol Pisaro to assemble a

260
00:25:15.079 --> 00:25:19.480
small group of their finest cavalry to
break out of the city and ride for

261
00:25:19.559 --> 00:25:26.640
help on the coast. Others countered
this argument. They said breaking out of

262
00:25:26.640 --> 00:25:30.920
the city, or even attempting to, was a suicide mission and would cost

263
00:25:30.920 --> 00:25:36.720
those remaining precious horses. Many men
argued either they needed to attempt to break

264
00:25:36.720 --> 00:25:42.000
out all together, or they needed
to stay and fight all together in the

265
00:25:42.119 --> 00:25:47.200
end, and then they went with
option A. He picked fifteen of his

266
00:25:47.279 --> 00:25:52.640
best horsemen and decided that that group
would attempt to break out. He believed

267
00:25:52.640 --> 00:25:57.039
that he had to get word to
Lima. But then, just as dawn

268
00:25:57.079 --> 00:26:03.440
broke the next morning, tattered message
arrived. It came stuffed within a pile

269
00:26:03.559 --> 00:26:10.119
of severed Spanish heads. No doubt, as the men looked down at a

270
00:26:10.160 --> 00:26:14.079
horror at the heads of some of
the men sent to carry the message to

271
00:26:14.200 --> 00:26:18.599
Cusco from Lima, they wondered how
the letter, incomplete as it was,

272
00:26:19.319 --> 00:26:25.119
had found its way to them.
According to one witness, one day before

273
00:26:25.119 --> 00:26:27.720
the Spaniards were to set out,
just after mass, many Indians on the

274
00:26:27.720 --> 00:26:33.039
surrounding hills began to shout, and
they left five heads of Christians and more

275
00:26:33.079 --> 00:26:37.000
than a thousand ripped up letters on
the road. The Indians had seized these

276
00:26:37.079 --> 00:26:41.119
letters and killed some Christians whom the
governor had sent to rescue the city.

277
00:26:41.720 --> 00:26:45.839
The Indians had brought these things so
that we could see them and know what

278
00:26:45.920 --> 00:26:49.039
had happened, and so that we
would become more discouraged. But on the

279
00:26:49.039 --> 00:26:53.319
contrary, this gave us life and
rejuvenated us, because by way of these

280
00:26:53.359 --> 00:26:56.599
letters we found out what we wanted
to know, that the governor and his

281
00:26:56.640 --> 00:27:02.079
men were alived, and we learned
about the victory that the Emperor Charles the

282
00:27:02.160 --> 00:27:07.759
fifth had against the Moors in the
capture of Tunis. Quote. Convincing Manko

283
00:27:07.880 --> 00:27:11.200
to send the letter with the severed
heads had been the suggestion of one of

284
00:27:11.279 --> 00:27:17.160
Mango's Spanish prisoners. He convinced the
Inca emperor that seeing these useless scraps of

285
00:27:17.160 --> 00:27:22.240
paper would send those within Cusco into
even more of a panic. Evidently,

286
00:27:22.559 --> 00:27:26.880
after three years, Manko still did
not understand even the very purpose of writing.

287
00:27:26.720 --> 00:27:30.960
Thus, without realizing it, Manko
had just sent into Cusco a literal

288
00:27:32.240 --> 00:27:37.000
treasure trove of information. Reinvigorated by
the knowledge that his brother Francisco was probably

289
00:27:37.039 --> 00:27:41.480
still alive, and Hernando canceled the
attempt to reach the coast and instead decided

290
00:27:41.519 --> 00:27:45.039
that perhaps he and the rest of
his Trap Spaniards might try to crush the

291
00:27:45.039 --> 00:27:51.839
Inca rebellion In a bold move,
his spies had informed Hernando that Manko Inca

292
00:27:51.960 --> 00:27:56.799
was presently headquartered at Oleanta Yambo,
some thirty miles northwest of Cusco. If

293
00:27:56.839 --> 00:28:02.400
Hernando could strike directly at the emperor, capturing or killing him, than the

294
00:28:02.440 --> 00:28:06.759
Trap Spaniards might be able to break
the back of the rebellion. Manco's cousin

295
00:28:06.880 --> 00:28:11.039
Passak meanwhile continued to fight on the
side of the Spaniards. He could then

296
00:28:11.079 --> 00:28:15.599
be placed on the prone, so
leaving fifty foot soldiers in control of their

297
00:28:15.640 --> 00:28:19.359
main fortress and another forty in the
city below. Hernando now led a force

298
00:28:19.400 --> 00:28:25.240
of seventy cavalry and thirty foot soldiers, together with a variety of Inca auxiliaries,

299
00:28:25.319 --> 00:28:29.519
out of the city. Hernando's goal
was a simple one, to seize

300
00:28:29.640 --> 00:28:34.799
or kill the leader of the rebellion, manco Inca himself. Hernando and his

301
00:28:34.839 --> 00:28:41.119
men soon fought their way down into
the narrow flat Yuka Valley plain. They

302
00:28:41.160 --> 00:28:45.279
followed the uk River for some time
before it led them to the massive fortress

303
00:28:45.359 --> 00:28:52.359
headquarters of manco Inca. Reported Pedro
Pisaro quote, when we arrived we found

304
00:28:52.400 --> 00:28:59.480
Olean Tambo so well fortified that it
was a horrifying site. For the place

305
00:28:59.559 --> 00:29:03.759
is very strong, with very high
terraces, and with very large and well

306
00:29:03.839 --> 00:29:08.640
fortified stone walls. It has but
one entrance, that is against a very

307
00:29:08.680 --> 00:29:14.519
steep hill, and on the hill
were many warriors with many boulders, which

308
00:29:14.519 --> 00:29:18.279
they had head up in order to
hurl them down whenever the Spaniards dared to

309
00:29:18.440 --> 00:29:26.480
enter an attempt to capture the fortress
gate end quote. Hernando's men gathered on

310
00:29:26.519 --> 00:29:30.920
the plain below the fortress, and
soon they noticed a new type of Inca

311
00:29:30.960 --> 00:29:37.359
warrior. Before them were what looked
like legions of warriors wielding nothing less than

312
00:29:37.759 --> 00:29:44.240
what appeared to be medieval longbows.
These were warriors from the Amazon and Although

313
00:29:44.279 --> 00:29:49.039
the Inca had always incorporated Amazonian warriors
into their armies as those were the only

314
00:29:49.079 --> 00:29:53.640
people from the jungle who knew how
to use bows and arrows, the Spaniards

315
00:29:53.680 --> 00:30:00.000
were surprised to see that so many
of these people had suddenly appeared unlike the

316
00:30:00.039 --> 00:30:04.359
inhabitants of the Andes. Many of
the antis natives, which is what they

317
00:30:04.400 --> 00:30:10.480
were called, painted their faces with
dyes. Others more than likely had various

318
00:30:10.480 --> 00:30:15.599
feathers from tropical birds sprouting from their
skin, noses and mouths. When the

319
00:30:15.640 --> 00:30:21.359
Spaniards rode too close to the fortress
walls, slews of arrows immediately arched into

320
00:30:21.359 --> 00:30:26.640
the sky, bearing sharp and bamboo
and palm wood points, many of which

321
00:30:26.920 --> 00:30:32.400
hit the armored men and their horses. The aim of the Amazonians, Hernando

322
00:30:32.519 --> 00:30:40.440
soon discovered was very very good.
Hernando's cavalry continued to circle in skirmish while

323
00:30:40.440 --> 00:30:45.920
the Spanish foot soldiers fought with the
ever bolder Indian troops. Then, without

324
00:30:47.039 --> 00:30:53.119
warning, the Spaniards noticed the suddenly
previously dry ground begin to grow moist,

325
00:30:53.519 --> 00:31:00.519
then wet. Then the foot soldiers
found themselves knee deep in water. Manko

326
00:31:00.920 --> 00:31:07.400
had unleashed a new secret weapon.
He had opened up the gates controlling the

327
00:31:07.440 --> 00:31:12.000
Pachata River. Soon the water had
risen so high that had reached the belly

328
00:31:12.279 --> 00:31:19.000
of the Spanish horses quote the Indians
without our knowing, it turned the river

329
00:31:19.079 --> 00:31:22.839
into the plain where we were,
and had we waited longer, we would

330
00:31:22.839 --> 00:31:26.799
have all died. Yet, when
he understood the trick the Indians had played

331
00:31:26.799 --> 00:31:30.960
on us, and that it was
impossible to take the village at this time,

332
00:31:30.440 --> 00:31:36.000
Hernando Pizaro ordered us to retreat,
and as the night drew darker,

333
00:31:36.319 --> 00:31:40.200
he sent all the foot soldiers ahead
with the baggage and some mounted troops to

334
00:31:40.240 --> 00:31:42.519
guard it, and he himself,
with the other troops, took the middle

335
00:31:42.799 --> 00:31:47.240
and he ordered his brother, Gonzalo
Pizzaro, along with a few more of

336
00:31:47.279 --> 00:31:51.200
US cavalrymen, to bring up the
rear, and in this way we retreat

337
00:31:51.240 --> 00:31:56.200
it end quote. Hence, against
very difficult circumstances, the Spanish managed to

338
00:31:56.240 --> 00:32:01.480
carry out a forest retreat. Saw
how Hernando and his men struggled across the

339
00:32:01.480 --> 00:32:06.839
flooded valley and reached the heights on
the other side. The next day,

340
00:32:07.160 --> 00:32:10.720
these same exhausted men fought their way
back to Cusco, having lost several horses

341
00:32:10.960 --> 00:32:19.160
and suffering a variety of men wounded. Meanwhile, four hundred miles away and

342
00:32:19.319 --> 00:32:25.000
roughly eleven thousand feet lower in elevation, Francisco Pisaro, anxiously awaited for reinforcements

343
00:32:25.039 --> 00:32:31.119
from abroad and wondered whether his brothers
in Cusco were still alive. Pisaro was

344
00:32:31.160 --> 00:32:37.880
still receiving reports from various spies that
a massive Inca army was assembling nearby for

345
00:32:37.920 --> 00:32:42.279
an attack on Lima. This was
the same army, his spies, no

346
00:32:42.359 --> 00:32:46.799
doubt told him, led by one
General Kiso, This man who had wiped

347
00:32:46.799 --> 00:32:53.400
out Pissarro's relief forces and massacred the
Spaniards in Jauja. General Quiso, they

348
00:32:53.440 --> 00:32:59.960
told him, had vowed to destroy
every bearded invader on the coast, exactly

349
00:33:00.400 --> 00:33:06.000
as he had done in the mountains. Because of recent losses, only one

350
00:33:06.079 --> 00:33:09.559
hundred or so Spaniards were alive defend
what would be Lima one day and what

351
00:33:09.680 --> 00:33:15.920
was then still referred to as Los
Reyes. Needless to say, the city

352
00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:21.599
was at a breaking point. Fear
and panic ran through the streets. No

353
00:33:21.680 --> 00:33:28.079
ships had arrived bearing any reinforcement.
Then in late winter, so like September

354
00:33:28.200 --> 00:33:35.960
remember Southern Hemisphere. The news that
everyone had been dreading finally arrived. Quote

355
00:33:37.160 --> 00:33:43.559
the conquistador Diego de Agua presently arrived, having fled to the city of Kings,

356
00:33:44.200 --> 00:33:47.880
and reported that the Indians were up
in arms and had tried to set

357
00:33:47.960 --> 00:33:52.000
him on fire in their villages.
A great army of them was approaching,

358
00:33:52.680 --> 00:33:58.839
the news of which deeply terrified the
city, all the more because of how

359
00:33:58.920 --> 00:34:07.240
few Spaniards were in it. Almost
immediately more news followed. Auxiliary Indians from

360
00:34:07.279 --> 00:34:13.280
outside the city of Kings arrived,
complaining that great quantities of Indian warriors were

361
00:34:13.320 --> 00:34:17.480
coming down from the mountains to destroy
them, killing their women and children.

362
00:34:19.440 --> 00:34:23.159
The governor sent Pedro de Lerma with
twenty cavalry in order to find out what

363
00:34:23.239 --> 00:34:30.159
was going on and to scout the
area. Lerma left that night, and

364
00:34:30.360 --> 00:34:36.119
only two leagues about seven miles from
the city, he found himself besieged by

365
00:34:36.239 --> 00:34:42.800
fifty thousand Indian warriors. So the
rumors of the impending attack, it seemed,

366
00:34:42.840 --> 00:34:47.119
were true. In reality, General
Kiso had spent months gathering up additional

367
00:34:47.239 --> 00:34:52.920
levies and preparing his men for the
battle to come. He could have attacked

368
00:34:52.000 --> 00:34:55.960
much sooner, but he felt he
needed the extra men. You see,

369
00:34:57.000 --> 00:35:00.519
he was confident that he could destroy
Spaniards in the MoU, but as of

370
00:35:00.599 --> 00:35:05.599
now, no one had yet determined
how to defeat Spanish cavalry on level ground.

371
00:35:06.480 --> 00:35:12.480
There they remained invincible. But Manko
had given his best general clear instructions.

372
00:35:13.239 --> 00:35:16.920
He was to march to Lima and
destroy this fledgling Spanish city. He

373
00:35:17.000 --> 00:35:21.960
was to capture Pisharo and bring him
back to Manko as a prisoner, but

374
00:35:22.079 --> 00:35:27.559
everyone else was to be slaughtered.
Los Race or whatever the Spanish were calling.

375
00:35:27.559 --> 00:35:31.400
The settlement was to be wiped off
the map, and then Kiso was

376
00:35:31.440 --> 00:35:38.039
to march back to Cusco to help
Mano finish off the Spaniards there. Now,

377
00:35:38.039 --> 00:35:43.360
as I mentioned, General Kiso fully
realized that the strength and speed of

378
00:35:43.360 --> 00:35:47.679
the Spanish horses could only be neutralized
by steep topography horses, it turned out

379
00:35:49.079 --> 00:35:52.800
even more so than men simply weren't
good at running up steep hills. As

380
00:35:52.880 --> 00:35:58.840
long as his men controlled the heights, Qiso had the advantage. In the

381
00:35:58.880 --> 00:36:02.280
case of the Spanish city on the
coast, however, which Kiso's scouts had

382
00:36:02.360 --> 00:36:07.880
no doubt built small clay models of
him to study. The general quickly saw

383
00:36:07.880 --> 00:36:12.000
that his troops would be forced to
abandon the protection of the hills and would

384
00:36:12.000 --> 00:36:16.239
have to attack the Spaniards on flat
terrain. There they could certainly expect to

385
00:36:16.239 --> 00:36:22.920
be attacked by Pizarro's cavalry. As
the Inca general studied the claim models and

386
00:36:22.079 --> 00:36:28.519
examined the representations of the hills around
the city, he undoubtedly realized that Manco's

387
00:36:28.639 --> 00:36:34.880
order to attack Pissaro's coastal city was
going to be the most difficult challenge of

388
00:36:34.920 --> 00:36:39.920
his life. General Kiso decided to
attack Lima from three sides, northeast and

389
00:36:40.039 --> 00:36:45.880
south. He would use his overwhelming
numbers to slowly crush the Spaniards within just

390
00:36:46.000 --> 00:36:52.239
as Manko was doing in Cusco.
After arriving outside the town, Cusco gave

391
00:36:52.239 --> 00:36:58.679
his men a night's rest, and
then he issued the order to attack.

392
00:37:00.039 --> 00:37:04.840
Those forces now began a pincer like
movement toward the city, advancing across the

393
00:37:04.880 --> 00:37:09.599
plane to the sound of the Inca's
traditional music of conk shells, clay trumpets,

394
00:37:09.639 --> 00:37:15.320
and drums. From above, the
divisions looked like a three sided clamp

395
00:37:15.360 --> 00:37:20.880
that was slowly crushing the city.
Pizzaro, meanwhile, had stationed his eighty

396
00:37:20.880 --> 00:37:25.320
cavalry within the city, hidden from
sight. When Quiso's divisions finally began arriving

397
00:37:25.320 --> 00:37:30.360
at the city's outskirts and the rest
of the attacking troops were now well exposed

398
00:37:30.400 --> 00:37:35.800
on the plane, Pissaro gave his
own signal to attack. A group of

399
00:37:35.840 --> 00:37:40.239
harquebussers now suddenly appeared, firing their
weapons, their heavy barrels issuing clouds of

400
00:37:40.280 --> 00:37:45.519
smoke, and their lead balls ripping
into the attackers. Next came the inevitable

401
00:37:45.679 --> 00:37:52.440
cavalry charge. With lances and swords
drawn and shouting, the Spaniards galloped rapidly

402
00:37:52.480 --> 00:37:58.320
towards the attackers front lines, smashing
into them and then slashing down over their

403
00:37:58.360 --> 00:38:04.960
swords, thrusting with their spears.
The spaniards native auxiliaries, meanwhile, far

404
00:38:05.119 --> 00:38:09.760
more numerous than the conquistadors, also
charged out, counterattacking the Inca troops with

405
00:38:09.920 --> 00:38:15.360
stone and bronze tipped clubs. Fierce
fighting commenced, although as usual, the

406
00:38:15.400 --> 00:38:22.639
warriors clubs and slingstones were simply no
match for the armored Spaniards. Although Quiso's

407
00:38:22.679 --> 00:38:25.800
troops had succeeded in reaching the outskirts
of the city, it was there that

408
00:38:25.840 --> 00:38:30.599
the Inca attack stalled, as the
Spanish foot soldiers, cavalry, and native

409
00:38:30.639 --> 00:38:37.199
auxiliaries fought fiercely to prevent Los Reyes
from being overrun. All afternoon the battle

410
00:38:37.280 --> 00:38:44.119
raged, with the Spaniards armored cavalry
exacting a deadly and unequal toll on Quiso's

411
00:38:44.119 --> 00:38:47.800
troops. Finally, the Inca general
ordered his forces to retreat to the hills

412
00:38:47.840 --> 00:38:53.079
ringing the city, knowing that the
steep escampments there would protect from further cavalry

413
00:38:53.119 --> 00:39:00.320
attacks. Kiso and his own division
retired to the tall brown sugarloaf le kill

414
00:39:00.400 --> 00:39:05.400
that is now called Sero San Cristi
Bald and now rises over Lima from across

415
00:39:05.440 --> 00:39:08.679
the bay. For the next five
days, Manko's finest general laid siege to

416
00:39:08.760 --> 00:39:13.760
Pisaro's city, with the Spaniards having
to fight fiercely each day to prevent it

417
00:39:13.800 --> 00:39:17.079
from being overrun. On the sixth
day, however, Kiso had reached a

418
00:39:17.119 --> 00:39:22.199
turning point. Manko had not ordered
his veteran general to lay siege to the

419
00:39:22.199 --> 00:39:25.760
city, but to take and destroy
it and to put the Spaniards there to

420
00:39:25.840 --> 00:39:32.440
death. The constant unequal attrition,
however, was beginning to demoralize the Inca

421
00:39:32.480 --> 00:39:37.960
troops. Well Aware that Mango's warriors
still surrounded Cusco but had stalemate it there

422
00:39:38.000 --> 00:39:42.559
for more than three months, Kiso
felt the pressure to finish the job on

423
00:39:42.639 --> 00:39:47.280
the coast and returned to assist his
emperor each day. However, Kiso witnessed

424
00:39:47.320 --> 00:39:53.639
from this hilltop position the Spanish cavalry
reek havoc among his native warriors. The

425
00:39:53.719 --> 00:39:59.320
only chance he had of breaching the
defenses was to risk everything on one throw

426
00:39:59.360 --> 00:40:05.639
of the dice. He had to
launch one final overwhelming blow upon the city,

427
00:40:05.760 --> 00:40:10.480
and this time he himself would lead
the charge. Calling for an assembly

428
00:40:10.519 --> 00:40:16.320
of his captains, Keiso waited patiently
for them to arrive. From the heights

429
00:40:16.320 --> 00:40:22.159
of Sierra San Cristobal, he could
easily look out over the city and see

430
00:40:22.199 --> 00:40:27.000
the Inca road stretching northeast and south, while to the west lay the dull,

431
00:40:27.119 --> 00:40:31.000
metallic blue ocean. To the east
rose the Andes, barely visible.

432
00:40:32.039 --> 00:40:37.920
Gradually, Keiso's captains arrived, and
once they had assembled, Manko's general stood

433
00:40:38.360 --> 00:40:45.599
and gestured down at the Spanish settlement, announcing that he was quote determined to

434
00:40:45.760 --> 00:40:49.199
enter the city and take it by
force, or die in the attempt.

435
00:40:49.960 --> 00:40:53.480
I intend to enter the town today
and kill all the Spaniards who are in

436
00:40:53.599 --> 00:40:59.079
it. Those who accompany me must
go, with the understanding that if I'd

437
00:40:59.119 --> 00:41:01.920
die, all will die, and
if I flee, all will flee.

438
00:41:02.480 --> 00:41:08.880
The native captains and leaders all agreed
to go with him and quote, and

439
00:41:08.920 --> 00:41:16.000
so General Kiso launched his final assault
on Los Rays quote. The entire native

440
00:41:16.079 --> 00:41:20.960
army began to move with a vast
array of banners, from which the Spaniards

441
00:41:20.960 --> 00:41:25.119
recognized the determination and will they were
coming with. Pizzaro ordered all the cavalry

442
00:41:25.159 --> 00:41:30.039
to form into two squadrons. He
placed one squadron under his command in ambush

443
00:41:30.039 --> 00:41:35.079
in one street, and the other
squadron in another. The enemy was already

444
00:41:35.119 --> 00:41:38.639
advancing across the open plain by river. They were very magnificent men, for

445
00:41:38.719 --> 00:41:43.440
all had been hand picked. The
general Kiso was advancing in front of them,

446
00:41:43.480 --> 00:41:47.519
wielding a lance. While it seemed
certain that Pizzaro was doomed, the

447
00:41:47.599 --> 00:41:55.280
Inca military power structure had one fatal
flaw. Inca armies always placed their leaders

448
00:41:55.800 --> 00:42:00.920
in the front line. Pizzaro knew
by now that if he could kill Kiso,

449
00:42:01.039 --> 00:42:07.039
then the entire command structure would collapse. Pizzaro had been brought up in

450
00:42:07.079 --> 00:42:12.880
the European tradition, he never led
his forces personally. Now, Pizzaro,

451
00:42:13.000 --> 00:42:15.440
realizing that this might be his last
and the only chance to survive, he

452
00:42:15.519 --> 00:42:22.119
launched an attack aimed straight at General
Kiso. A chronicler tells us what happens

453
00:42:22.159 --> 00:42:25.920
next quote. General Kiso crossed both
branches of the Rimac River in his litter.

454
00:42:27.400 --> 00:42:30.559
Seeing that the enemy warriors were starting
to enter the streets of the city

455
00:42:30.760 --> 00:42:34.039
and some of Kiso's men were moving
on the tops of the walls, the

456
00:42:34.079 --> 00:42:38.039
Spanish cavalrycharged out and attacked with such
great determination that, since the ground was

457
00:42:38.079 --> 00:42:44.079
flat, they routed them instantly.
The General Kiso was left there dead,

458
00:42:44.719 --> 00:42:49.639
and so were forty commanders and other
chiefs alongside him. Although it seemed as

459
00:42:49.639 --> 00:42:52.719
if our men had specially selected them, they were killed because they were marching

460
00:42:52.719 --> 00:42:55.400
at the head of their men,
and thus they were the first that the

461
00:42:55.440 --> 00:43:00.920
Spaniards smashed into. The Spaniards continued
to hill and wound Indians as far as

462
00:43:00.920 --> 00:43:05.320
the foot of the hill of Saint
San Cristo bal, at which point they

463
00:43:05.360 --> 00:43:08.679
encountered a very strong resistance from the
defensive sight they had made and quote.

464
00:43:10.239 --> 00:43:15.760
When night fell on the battlefield,
though the Inca army outnumbered its opponents still

465
00:43:15.880 --> 00:43:20.960
by at least one thousand to one, it melted away without a leader.

466
00:43:21.199 --> 00:43:25.559
The soldiers simply gave up and went
home. The army might have been fine

467
00:43:25.599 --> 00:43:32.039
in terms of manpower, but psychologically
it was crushed. Three days later,

468
00:43:32.519 --> 00:43:38.360
a breathless runner tore into the Inca
camp north of Cuzco. He delivered the

469
00:43:38.440 --> 00:43:45.639
shocking news to a stone faced Manko
Inca Kiso. His best general was dead,

470
00:43:46.760 --> 00:43:53.719
his army all but vanished. Francisco
Pisaro remained alive, his city and

471
00:43:53.760 --> 00:44:04.920
his small army intact. It was
a complete reversal. Manko had him,

472
00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:14.519
He had Pizarro on the ropes,
and somehow Pisaro had survived. The news

473
00:44:14.599 --> 00:44:19.119
was utterly devastating, But if Manko
that day was looking around for someone to

474
00:44:19.159 --> 00:44:24.639
blame. That man wasn't the now
dead general Kiso. Manco had ignored what

475
00:44:24.840 --> 00:44:30.320
Kiso had learned, namely that they
could beat the Spaniards in the mountains,

476
00:44:31.480 --> 00:44:39.079
but nowhere else. In the end, Kiso's last charge could only go down

477
00:44:39.119 --> 00:44:45.679
as one of those romantic but hopeless
last stands, like the charge of the

478
00:44:45.719 --> 00:44:51.639
Light Brigade maybe, or Pickets charge
in the American Civil War. Now there

479
00:44:51.719 --> 00:44:55.400
was nothing Manko could really do to
stop Pisaro from linking up with his brothers.

480
00:44:57.920 --> 00:45:00.599
The army that could have once stopped
up a all the gaps and held

481
00:45:00.639 --> 00:45:08.440
the two forces apart was gone,
and worst news arrived immediately thereafter. A

482
00:45:08.440 --> 00:45:14.760
column of four hundred armed Spaniards had
just reached the southern border of Peru.

483
00:45:15.440 --> 00:45:27.079
Diego de Almagro, Psato's old partner
was back. If you've enjoyed the show,

484
00:45:27.119 --> 00:45:31.840
feel free to check out the additional
content on Western civ podcast dot com.

485
00:45:31.920 --> 00:45:36.360
If you'd like to support the show
and get ad free and bonus content,

486
00:45:37.000 --> 00:45:40.320
check out the link to the Patreon
page, And if you'd like to

487
00:45:40.360 --> 00:45:45.719
hear the whole story of Western civilization
over a more detailed end at least initially

488
00:45:46.000 --> 00:45:52.079
in much better audio quality. Check
out Western CIV two point zero link.

489
00:45:52.159 --> 00:45:55.199
Also in the show notes, if
you tried, you get a seven day

490
00:45:55.440 --> 00:46:07.920
free trial. One more and