What Up? What Up? Everybody? Welcome to another episode of Let's Ask
Paul, the podcast where you get to ask me anything you want about the
National Electrical Code or electrically related subject matter. Now, I've been doing podcasts
for people and answering code questions for over twenty plus years. When I started
all this back when I was in Virginia, and this is well before the
Internet. This was before anything about podcasts or anything about web streaming or YouTube
existed. This was what I used to do on AOL and I used to
upload them to a repository, and because I was heavily involved within education back
in Virginia, then I used to share the access to the folder with people
that would attend my seminars. And I started that many many years ago,
and it kind of just shared out all over the state and so people were
listening to you know, they were kind of crude at the time, obviously,
before technologies made things a lot different. But it still is a way
for me to share information. And I remember working on websites personally creating websites
all the way back in the nineties early nineties, so it dates back a
long way that I've been doing this thing. Online. And so here we
are in twenty twenty four and I'm still doing it, still doing the same
thing. Technology has gotten a little bit better today to be able to do
some of the things that I like to do, you know, the sound
effects and all this kind of stuff is much easier to do today than it
was way back then. But if you've never listened to my podcast before,
you know it's there's so many different topics that we cover, and I don't
do a good job. I mean, I acknowledge this. Yeah, I
don't do a good good job at indexing or titling these things because you never
know what I'm going to talk about in an episode, So I get it.
That's on me. And uh, I don't know that that'll change because
again I always tell people I have attention deficit disorder, and when I'm doing
something, I'm just you know, I don't keep track of it to index
it. Well, at some point, maybe somebody will volunteer to listen to
all my podcasts and index it for me and then send me new titles for
all of my episodes. There you go. If I got anybody out there
that wants to do that, go for it, right, all right?
So today's episode, and let's ask Paul. It's a little different. Even
though it is going to be electric, it's electrical theory, and it's a
question that I could ask a lot, and so I'll kind of take the
question and kind of spin it into my own kind of question that I'm going
to answer for people. When you peruse through social media or you pruise through
other online resources, and there's a lot of questions that people will ask about.
You know, Okay, what is two forty vaults? What is a
split phase system? Why is it called that? And some choose not to
call it that? How do we get to forty vaults if it's two one
twenties that come to a receptacle let's say for a dryer or range, And
why would you need the neutral and some of those ocasions and why would you
not when it comes to the branch circuits and all that. So we're going
to kind of talk about that in today's episodes. So there's a lot of
information that we're going to try to cover today. And of course, as
always, if you have additional questions, just remember this episode. I don't
know the number of the episodes, so you take no of the episode number
when you write this down at the end and go to Paul Abernathy dot com
and do a response and let me know what episode. Give me a brief
summary of what your question is and what you're trying to clarify, and then
I will obviously go into more details so we can make it an ongoing discussion
if you want. I'm a code guy, but you know from years of
working in the apprenticeship programs and teaching and all that, you know, I
like to talk to people and explain things also with electrical that they may find
a complicated subject that type of thing. So anyway, while I was looking
at this question, and Darling got this question to me and kind of pushed
it ahead of a couple of other ones because again it's a theory question or
topic that I wanted to take the opportunity to talk about it. And so
I remember when she said it. I remember going looking at some social media
posts. Stephen one twenty posted something and then he got ripped apart by the
comments. A lot of ignorant comments in there. But people tend to do
that on social media. They tend to say stuff and don't back it up
with any reliable data. They just simply pop off at the mouth. I
get it. It's social media. That's what I guess today makes the world
go around. Everybody likes this social media just quick responses. Whether they're accurate
or not, or whether they're misleading, it's just it's just the way it
is. I guess. Okay, So what we want to do on this
episode today is we're going to explain two hundred and forty vault split phase systems
in a way that you can understand it when you're talking to somebody and they
go, Okay, I don't understand how we have two hundred and forty volts
at this receptacle if it's a dryer receptacle, or if it's a range receptacle,
or maybe it's an outlet point location where you're taking power from the system.
That's the definition of outlet for a piece of equipment, utilization, equipment,
whatever. How do we get the two forty What happens in the circuit
that allows us to have to forty Because we know that that leg one,
if we're just talking a one twenty two to forty VOLD circuit, Leg one
is one twenty volts and Leg two is one twenty volts. Of course we
use one twenty. It's nominal. It did obviously due to impedance and other
factors. Length, and depending on what the utility provides us, you could
be slightly less than one twenty, could be slightly more than one twenty.
But through the code, and when I refer to code, we're talking to
NEC, we typically use the nominal value. So we're just gonna say one
twenty, Now two forty is the voltage potential between the two Leg one and
Leg two, Okay, And we'll explain that out, and I'll give an
analogy. And I like to use an analogy called the Seesaw method in order
to explain this in very simplistic terms so that other people can convey it to
other people simplistically. And so that's kind of how I'm going to explain it.
But you know, electricity can be a complicated topic, but we can
make it easier to understand by talking about some analogies and giving some additional explanations.
And again on one common question that we get is how is a two
hundred and forty volt split phase system work? So we want to break that
down, and I want to use an analogy. Now I will tell you
that I have a blog that is out that will come out if it's not
out already today or later today, this being the seventh of July twenty twenty
four. It'll be available over on our website fasttracksystem dot com. So make
sure you go check it out. It's going to be a great blog that
you can share with other people, especially people that are new into the industry.
They don't understand the concept. And there's a lot of people that want
to know how something works, not just that they have to do something.
So the blog is going to be available and it'll break it down and make
it easier for you to understand, all right, So that's what we were
going to go. So the basic system when we talk about split phase system,
so that's the first thing that people cringe when I say. They say,
well, there's no split day system there. There is a split phase
system. So that we're going to talk in generality and when we talk about
like residential and to make it simple to understand the concepts. So when you
have your you have your transformer, and you have your secondary, and if
you take a phase and you tap it in the middle, and it's splitting
a phase. So from one point to the middle tap on that phase is
one twenty and on the other point to the middle tap is one twenty right,
and between them are two forty. So when you drop your service down
to your dwelling, you're going to be dropping two hots and the neutral That
neutral is connected to the grounded point or the neutral point on that transformer,
which is midway on a phase winding. So when we call it split phase
system, we're basically taking one of the two forty voult phases and tapping it
in the center and that gets done at the utility transformer and that's what we'll
bring down to your Sage standard dwelling. Now, again, I have people
out there that listen to these things and they want us to cover every possible
thing under the Holy Grail analogy. We're not talking three phase. We're not
talking any of that today. So for those trolls that wanted that, you're
gonna have to listen to a different episode. Okay, we're trying to keep
this simple and explain two hundred and forty volt and how it's achieved. Okay,
So again I have to it's a shame that I have to do that
in my podcast, but again the number of sheer trolls that I get.
And if you ever go on social media and you look at somebody post something
and somebody is waiting to rip them apart, you'll get it. Okay,
we're in an atmosphere of learning, so let's look at it that way.
So if we understand now what we're saying with it being a split phase,
I mean literally, it's what we're doing splitting the phase. Then this is
what's typically used at your home. And again it involves two hot wires that
come down and in neutral delivering power to your house. Now, each hot
wire, okay, each conductor is going to carry one hundred and twenty volts
and together they provide two hundred and forty volts for various appliances that need two
hundred and forty volt applications. So when you have for our discussion, the
two hots are going to represent line one in line two. So line one
carries one hundred and twenty volts. Line two carries one hundred and twenty volts
between them. When you go line to line, you're going to get two
hundred and forty volts. Now, one of the neat things that you're going
to have to understand early on, and I'll go into what we call the
seesaw analogy. Is that line one in line two represent one hundred and eighty
degrees of being out of phase. So if you think about as sign you
SODO waveform, you have the center line center zero, and you have to
kind of understand it, and the the blog is going to have an illustration
that kind of depicts this. So it's a little easier if you're like new
into this and you're going to understand sign waves and how it works. But
basically, have you have your center line, and when line one is up
rises up, curves up to ninety degrees, it's at one hundred and twenty
vaults, and then line two drops the negative side of that center line and
it is at negative one twenty that the difference between these two is one hundred
and eighty degrees. So that's where we get the one hundred and eighty degrees
out of phase. So when one is at its peak, line two is
at its peak at the valley, and one it's at the top, one
at the bottom of that center line, and so then they both end up
coming back to zero and then going in the other direction and nail line two
starts to rise up to plus one twenty and in line one drops down to
negative one twenty. So when we talk about out of phase, they are
literally, if you think of a full cycle three hundred and sixty, when
one's at ninety and the other ones at the lower ninety, they are literally
one hundred and eighty degrees out of phase with each other. Right, So
that creates that separation, right, And we'll go into it more detail,
but I kind of want to paint you that physic mental picture on the waveform
how these lines are. One is at one hundred and twenty at its top,
and then one is it one twenty below the center line okay, zero
neutral point okay, center point okay. And I'm trying to make it as
easy to visualize ment, you know, for a podcast here. And now
the neutral wire that comes down with that split phase system is connected to the
center of that transformer phase that we talked about, and that's intentionally grounded,
okay, And that is where we have the turn point. Okay. So
when we have this this current that s it's you know, it's oscillation that
takes faith, that takes place sixty times a second. This movement of these
electrons. Okay, it represents a complete path all the way back to the
source. Okay, in order to be able to achieve this, right,
all right. So, but that's only when we have the necessary need for
a neutral, and so I'll explain that as we get further. So,
whether you're at line one or line two, if you take just line one
and you connect the probe to line one and you connect it to the neutral,
then you're gonna get one twenty because of the zero reference. So you
only have what the one twenty from zero in the sign you soda way form
up to the one twenty on the peak of line one. You get me,
all right, So the same thing would happen if you did line two.
So that's how you're measuring it. That's why we need the zero reference.
That's why we have all the connections. That's why the neutrals connect it
all the way back and it takes you back to the source in order for
voltage stabilization, in order for the meters and everything to work, right,
Okay, trying as simplistic as I can make it. Now we'll talk about
when the neutral is needed and when it's not. You do not need a
neutral in all feeder cases. You do not need a neutral in all brand
circuit cases. If there is no neutral necessary at whatever the load is,
and you don't have to carry a neutral. That's different than at the service
where you're going to bring a neutral to the service, because you have to
have the ability for that current to get back to the source right, complete
the circuit. Nothing's going to flow if it's not a completed circuit. Right.
So but we'll get into that a little later. So let's talk about
this. It used to be years ago when I was teaching at the university
and when I would go around and people would ask me to kind of give
them these analogies to make it lock it in their mind of what's going on
with this waveform is. I would tend to use what I call this seesaw
analogy. Two kids sitting on a seesaw. And so to make it simple,
I tell people, Okay, imagine in your mind that you're at a
playground and you have two kids and they're on a seesaw, and one is
on one side and one is on the other side, right, and you
have this center pivot point that's your pivot point. Now, when you think
about this. When you have this effect, when one kid's going up,
the other kid on the other side is going down. Right, So when
one kid is going up, the other is going down. And so this
represents the one hundred and twenty volt wires in a split phase system. So
if one kid on the left side that's going up is one twenty and the
kid on the right that's going down is the negative one twenty, So going
up is the positive one twenty. The kid going down on the right is
the negative one twenty. So as this goes back and forth, the kid
on the left goes down, then the kid on the right goes up.
So this is what happens of back and forth, back and forth the seesaw
analogy. Okay, and this represents the two one hundred and twenty volt wires
that are in a split phase system. Now we'll go a little deeper in
this too, but I want you to visualize that in your mind. It's
basically, Leg one is the kid one on the left, Leg two is
the kid on the right. The center point or the pivot point or the
center point or the center of the sea saw that is the neutral point in
this analogy. Okay, kind of paint that picture for you. So when
we think of the center of the seesaw, the center pivot of that sea
saw is like again the neutral point in that split phase electrical system. It's
the grounded and it divides the transformers secondary winding into two equal halves, so
it's a two hundred and forty volt winding. It divides it in half,
so it's at one twenty on each side of that center point. If you
mentally picture that, it's essentially the same as a seesaw effect. Okay,
So if we've got two kids on a sea saw and kid one would represent
line one, Kid two would represent line two, So the first one is
one twenty and then the kid two on the line two represents other one twenty.
Right now, how they move? So when kid one goes up,
kid two goes down, this means they move in opposite directions of each other.
This movement is always opposite. When one kid is at the top,
think of that in assign your soda wave form as the positive peak, and
when the other kids at the bottom, that's the other wire, that's line
two, then that is at the negative peak. Okay, so think of
that's kind of how it moves, and that's actually how it moves in a
two forty volt circuit. It oscillates back and forth just like that, sixty
times a second. And because there are one hundred and eighty degrees out of
phase, any given time you take a measurement, you're going to have a
phase difference between the one twenty at the peak the positive peak, and the
one twenty at the negative peak. Okay, for line too, and it's
going to alternate back and forth very quickly sixty times a second. We deal
in sixty herd systems and uh. And so that's why it any given time,
the difference between the one twenty at the peak and the difference at the
one twenty at the negative peak, that difference on the sign your sort of
waveform is one hundred and eighty degrees out of phase, right, Okay,
So let's kind of go a little bit deeper in that. Let's talk about
phase difference in voltage calculations. So in an AC system, the vault is
changes over time following a wave pattern. We've talked about it. It's a
sign you sorta wave form. Now, when two waves are one hundred and
eighty degrees out of phase, like ours are in a line one in line
two to forty volt system. It means that when one wave is that its
maximum positive value, the other is at its maximum negative value, and vice
versus. So at any given time the phase, the voltage difference between the
two is going to be what there's going to be one hundred and eighty degrees
out of phase. Okay, now let's look at the visualization of this again
to kind of make it wrap around. So line one, it's if you're
thinking of the sign your sort a wave form. Just draw a straight line,
and now you've got at this beginning of this line zero, Your your
line gradually goes up, kind of curved up, so it starts at zero,
then it goes to plus one twenty, then it comes back down to
zero, and then it goes down to negative one twenty, and then it
returns back to zero, and that completes one full cycle. And it does
this sixty times a second. That's just line one. Now line two does
the opposite. It starts at zero, but instead of going to plus one
twenty, it goes to negative one twenty. Okay, so that when line
one is at plus one twenty, line two is at the opposite one hundred
and eighty degrees opposite, it's at negative one twenty. So when that happens,
it goes through the same process. It goes to negative one twenty,
then it comes back to zero up to positive one twenty. And at that
point, once it gets to positive one twenty, line one is at negative
one twenty, and then of course line two returns back to zero. So
this opposites line one in line two are working in opposition. Okay. So
this means that when line one is at its highest positive voltage, which is
one hundred and twenty volts, line two is at its lowest negative voltage,
which is negative one twenty. So the opposite behavior continues throughout the cycle,
and this always creates a one hundred and eighty degree phase difference. Ok Now,
why does this even matter? Why do we even care about this?
Because now we've established that's how we get to forty. Because when you put
your probes on it the left, the line one, it's at one twenty
positive. When you put the probe on line two, it's at negative one
twenty. So the difference between them is what the difference between them is two
forty. Okay, So because there are one hundred and eighty degrees out of
phase. But let's let's kind of go deeper, because again it can be
confusing. But why is this balance necessary? Why do we do this?
Well, this one hundred and eighty phase difference helps keep the balance on the
electrical load and reduces the current on the neutral. Y'all probably heard me talk
about the cancelation effect that takes place. For example, if I'm pulling five
amps on line one and I get to peak one twenty at five amps,
then in the load online two is also five amps equally distributed, and it's
at it's negative one twenty, the neutral will see absolutely zero current flow,
okay, because it's balanced. Now, if I have ten amps online one
and I happen to have five amps on line two, then the neutral is
going to see what it's going to see the maximum imbalance between the two in
this case, if it was ten on leg one or line one in five
on line two, then we're going to see five amps on the neutral.
Okay. So in order to keep the balance, this is why the waveform
is designed in the in the sign sort of wave form is the way it
is. Okay, So there are one hundred and eighty degrees out of phase.
Now let's let's let's dig a little deeper here, so let's talk about
combined voltages. We're trying to reach this two forty because we just explained how
it works in the analogy of the seesaw, So let's kind of get a
little bit more deeper into this. So the total voltage across the load connected
between line one and line two, okay, is the sum. It's the
sum of the two voltages. So if it's one twenty peak plus one twenty
for line one, and then the opposite effect is line two is at a
negative one twenty, then it's the summation of the two that creates the difference
of voltage potential between the peak at one twenty at the positive peak and then
the one twenty at the negative peak. And that's how we get the two
hundred and forty volts at any given time on the system. Because of the
one hundred and eighty degree phasing, and because of the changing directions so quickly
sixty times a second, and because each one is out of phase, that
at any given time when you put your meter on it, you're gonna get
two hundred and forty volts, which is also why if I stick one meter
on it in one meter to ground, then I'm only going to get one
phase at its point in the system, whether it's plus one twenty or on
line two where and it's a negative one twenty. Either way, I'm still
getting a voltage of one twenty. Okay. So that's why it's so important
for us to, you know, to understand how the systems work, and
why we ground systems, and what we can do to get one twenty in
a two forty volt system. How do we get two forty volts in a
system? That type of thing. So summarizing this and then I'll talk about
the neutral here a little bit more for like ranges and dryers, because again
people ask that all the time. So when you have two kids on a
seesaw, basically it represents one hundred and twenty vaults at each kid, whether
it's they're representing line one in line two, or they represent wires in a
split phase system. So line one is one kid, he represents one twenty,
and then the other kid on the other side of the seesaw represents one
twenty and it's always at opposite one hundred and eighty degrees of whatever it is
on line one. So again line one is that at the peak it's positive
one twenty. That it means line two, at the same point in time
is going to be one hundred and eighty degrees opposite of the line one,
which means it's going to be at a negative one twenty. Okay, makes
sense. Another way to visualize this is a clock. So at twelve.
If you think of the twelve as the peak from line one, and you
think of the six as the negative peak for line two, and then you
translate the twelves, the the three, the six, the nine, and
twelve. Now if you change those into the ninety degrees, then you've got
three sixty and you've got ninety one eighty. You know that as you go
around right and you start looking at it, and you go, okay,
I've got uh starts at three sixty at the top. At three o'clock,
it's ninety. At six o'clock it's onet eighty, at nine o'clock it's two
seventy, and then we're back to three sixty. Okay. If you visualize
it that way, If if the peak is at twelve and the online one
and the peak is negative for line two. Then it's down near the six
on that waveform. Then you can see that that is one hundred and eighty
degrees apart, okay, And that's how the whole thing works. So the
up and down movement of the seesaw analogy is represents alternating current going in opposite
phases very quickly, back and forth, back and forth, back and forth,
back and forth, very quickly. And because of them being out of
phase, it ensures that at any given time, we're going to get two
one hundred and forty vaults across our test to line one to line two.
Okay. Now, one of the things that people have to visualize is the
height difference that seesaw effect. You know, So the height difference between the
center point in the kid that's on the left side represents line one and the
kid on the right represents line two. The voltage difference between these two kids,
the ones up at one twenty the other ones down at a negative one
twenty. The difference between those two is two hundred and forty vaults. And
that's what we talk about voltage difference, and when you're measuring it, that's
what you're doing. Voltage is pressure, but also when you're measuring, it's
it's it's the differential between line one and line two that takes place. So
by understanding that kind of that seesaw analogy the concept of a center tapped transformer.
It becomes clear why you have you know, two hundred and twenty volt
lines are considered one hundred and eighty degrees out of phase in a split phase
system, physically splitting a phase. UH. This phase difference allows the system
to provide a total of two hundred and forty volts to certain appliances, ensuring
efficiency and a balanced electrical power distribution system in your home. Now, when
it comes to the neutral like ranges and dryers, there are elements where they
just need pure to forty, but there are applications where they might have a
timer lighting and again, appliance will vary, and the National Legal Code requires
us to run four conductors to these circuits. UH. And then you know
today and now put a four four prong attachment plug on your appliance if it's
a dryer or a range or whatnot. And obviously there's certain things that in
the US right that we have appliances that you know, like ranges and dryers
that need one hundred and twenty volts, and so in order to get the
one twenty volts, we're gonna need that neutral in order to be able to
measure from the peak line one, okay, line one at one hundred and
twenty volts, and then you'd measuring it to the neutral, which is zero
reference because back of the panel it's connected together with the earth and everything's connected
back. So but yet it still allows the path back to the source through
the neutral. But because it's grounded, it's at reference point. That's what
allows us to measure one twenty all right. So and that scenario is we're
basically measuring from one of the line one side of the phase of the transformer
or the two forty volt transformer winding to the midpoint. So we're only measuring
half of that winding. So that's one twenty and so that's how we can
power the one twenty volte loads that may be on that appliance. That type
of thing. Now, there's people that say that there are appliances that are
designed differently, and I can't speak for every appliance, but when we're talking
ranges and dryers, that's typically the layout and how it's done when it requires
a neutral conductor, the equipment grounding conductor that's required in those circuits. Now
that's for ground faults and things like that that maybe may energize the metal frame
and it allows for the overcurrent device to function. That's what that is for.
So, and there's people out there that say that the neutral and the
equipment ground serve the same purpose. That is not true, even though they're
connected together at the service in order to be able to carry return current back
to the source, and you know, also allows that the if there's a
ground fault somewhere, that the equipment ground carries the fault current back to the
source with a low impedance path that allows the fault to skyrocket at the point
where the fault is. That means the overcurrent device is going to trip quicker.
Okay, it's gonna trip quicker. That has nothing to do with the
neutral. So the neutral is designed to carry the maximum imbalanced load and we
calculate that out and for most cases for ranges and dryer applications, is pretty
much already figured out for us. So, but at the end of the
day, one of the key factors are the key takeaways that we want from
this is that you need if you need a neutral, it's there to allow
you to be able to go from one of the phase one of the legs
to neutral point and get one twenty right that type of thing, and so
we can power whatever one twenty volte loads there may be on whatever that appliance
or that piece of equipment is that is requiring us to have a neutral.
There not all two hundred and forty volt appliances or utilization equipment require neutral.
In a pure to forty volt application, the neutral is not necessary. Like
an air handler unit that's two forty volts that that there has no one to
twenty volt loads, it's still going to have an equipment ground because you still
could have a ground fault. You have to still clear an over current device,
but there is no need for neutral. So in a service you have
to bring a neutral, but beyond that a feeder. Unless you're feeding a
remote distribution panel that's going to have one twenty volt loads in it, then
you would obviously need a neutral. But if you're supplying something to a piece
of equipment that has absolutely no need for one twenty volt loads and a two
forty volt one twenty system, but all. It's all you're doing is taking
two forty volts to it. Then you have no necessary need or a neutral
conductor, and that is okay. The code permits you to do that.
Right again, we're talking feeders in brand circuit applications. One of the important
things that the people tend to do is they confuse the grounded conductor with grounding,
and that becomes a big confusion point because they connect together back at the
source, back at the panels, So everybody says, well, it's all
going back to the same location. Anyway. That's a very dangerous mentality to
be in because once you start getting downstream from the service, if you inadvertently
connect an equipment ground to the grounded conductor, which is in most cases and
residential is going to be neutral as well, then what you could is you
could potentially put circulating current on metal parts that aren't designed to have current on
them by their nature, and that creates a potential touch hazard, not to
mention, if you lose a neutral or it comes loose. Now that return
current is going to travel back on all of those parts that weren't intended to
be current carrying components, which is why we call them non current carrying components.
That doesn't mean they wouldn't carry any current under a fault condition. It
just means they're not intended to carry any current in that type of scenario.
So confusing that and not understanding the requirements of two fifty twenty four B for
example, uh can be you know, devastating and it could just be sitting
there as a ticking time bomb for somebody to come in contact with it later
on. And so again, electricity just tries to work regardless, and so
even if it's done wrong, So we have to follow the minimum safety standard
and make sure that we can go above it, but we can't go below
it. So hopefully that explains it a little bit better. Again, it
is hard to do on a kind of on a podcast. Hopefully I will
have the blog will be you know, have a couple of illustrations for you.
But just remember in summary the Seesaw analogy that the two forty vaults is
the difference between line one being at a positive peak of one twenty and line
two being at a negative peak of one twenty the literal voltage differential but between
the two is two forty Okay, And so that's why and because there are
one hundred and eighty degrees out of phase at any given time, since it
changes directions sixty times a second each one like line one and line two does
this, and because of them being out of phase at any given time in
this oscillation, if you do a meter measurement at line one to line two,
you're going to get two hundred and forty volts. If you take line
one to the neutral if it's there, you're gonna get one twenty. If
you take it line one to the ground, because they're connected back at the
source, you're still going to get one twenty. And it's important for volted
stabilization to make sure that everything is connected together all the way back to the
source to make sure that these readings come out right. Okay, So thinking
about the seesaw analogy again, boy on the left is line one when he's
up in the air. The boy on the right, which is line two,
is down opposite. So there are one hundred and twenty degrees downp me,
excuse me, is one hundred and twenty volts negative down, and the
boil on the left, which is representing line one, is one hundred and
twenty degrees positive. So they are at any given time on this seesaw,
they're going to be one hundred and eighty degrees out of phase, and due
to the oscillation sixty times a second of the way it works at sixty hertz,
at any given point when you make those readings, you're going to get
the line one in line two, there's going to be a voltage differential that
creates two hundred and forty volts. And that's how it works. Okay,
hopefully that explained it again if I confused you, You know again, I
tell people all the time, I'm not the best educator in the world.
I just do my best. I never tried to be, you know,
not trying to go down in history is the best in anything. I'm just
here to teach you. If you get something from it, I you know,
I'm glad you do. If you don't, you don't like how I
teach, that's there's other educators out there. You don't need to troll me.
You don't need to be negative. If you don't like how I teach
something, Just move on. There's other people out there. You don't have
to listen to me. But I do appreciate all of you that do.
Until next time, folks, stay safe, God bless and remember go check
out the blog over on our website. It's also available from our free mobile
app as well. Until next time, folks, take care,