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Hello, and welcome to the show. I'm Martin Willis your host, and

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this is a place you can go
to forget about things for a while.

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I think there's a song like that, but I'm not going to break into

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it. Don't worry about that.
We have a well say, he's a

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personal friend and an entertaining astronomer for
tonight's show, Mark D'Antonio, and we're

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gonna be talking about all types of
cosmic mysteries and we'll probably touch on UFOs.

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He has a book and we're going
to be talking about that and it's

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called It's about the probability of life, and it's called the Populated Universe.

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Life in the universe may be very
well be the rule and not the exception.

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I think I kind of screwed that
up a little bit. But anyway,

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so we'll get into that. We're
going to be taking calls in the

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last half hour of the show.
I do want to thank everyone that supports

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the show. Without your support,
wouldn't be able to do this, and

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anyone can. If you're not supporting
the show and you want to, We're

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on Patreon and that link is over. You can actually do that on YouTube

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in the super chat as well,
and I want to thanks to Kevin for

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chipping in many times. Thank you
very much, and you can go over

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to podcast ufo dot com. We
have a blog called when UFOs Collide and

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there's some actually some great cases,
a very good read. And thanks to

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Charles Lear for our weekly blogs.
A little housekeeping. I am very excited

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about well, a lot of people
have complained many times about all the technical

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problems I've had, and that's using
a software and Skype and all that,

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and I'm going to say, hopefully
say goodbye to that forever. And we're

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on stream Yard. It's a streaming
service and hopefully everything will go just so.

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This is a debut with it,
so hopefully everything will go just fine.

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And that is enough for me.
And without further ado, I want

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to bring him on. You may
have seen him on TV, The One

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and only Mark D'Antonio. Welcome to
the show. Mark. Hey, yeah,

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are you doing Martin? Thank you
for having me. You've had always

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good to see you. You're in
your You have like the ultimate man cave

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because it's like a submarine, right, well, actually it's more like a

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destroyer. It's a I've got I've
got portholes for windows, and a hatch

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to commit it out. But it
wasn't made as a man cave. It

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was just made as my business office
because since I have work here, I

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wanted it to look as good as
possible, and if I was going to

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work here, I didn't want to
be bored here. So it looked cool.

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So I got rivets and rust,
which is awful. No, I

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love it. When I visited there, I just thought that was such a

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cool set up you had. It's
really great. I'm glad you liked it.

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Yeah, so we I think the
last time we talked was maybe like

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a year ago, a year and
a half something like that. I can't

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really remember. There's some astronomy in
the news lately. I wanted to talk

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a little bit about that tonight.
Let's go. Yeah, but for the

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person quickly, there's a few out
there that there are new listeners here.

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Just a little bit about your background
quickly, if you would. Oh,

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sure, I think I'm an astronomer
last I checked. That was what I

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got a degree in. And I
believe that science is available to the masses.

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Everybody should be able to understand scigns. You just have to make it

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understandable to those that don't have a
scientific background. So I bring science to

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the masses. That's what I do
now with my astronomy. Um, I'm

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an extra planet guy, and in
the astronomy world, I like to enjoy

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and look at research about extra planets
around other plants, around other stars.

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Uh. And I'm the Mutual Uphone
Network's chief photo and video analysts and have

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done a lot of uh, you
know, interesting television shows because I'm sort

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of a voice of reason, I
would guess is the right way to put

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it. Um. You know,
I fully believe that that extraterrustrial life can

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exist. I fully believe that intelligent
extraterustrial life may exist. But I do

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think that they could also have made
it here. Uh. And so that's

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kind of my background, you know. And um, you know I've done,

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like I said, I've done things
all over the place, spoken a

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lot of conferences. Uh not right
now because of COVID, you know,

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but that'll change. Yeah. So
when you, um, when when did

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you like feel it was okay too, you know, kind of look into

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the UFO topic. Um. Was
it early on? Yeah? Actually I

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was. Um, I was nine
years old when I realized I was going

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to be an astronomer. Wow,
that's never changed. I never wavered.

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So either it makes me very boring
or it means that I was committed.

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And how does it? How does
a nine year old get committed to anything?

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I mean besides an asylum, you
know, n so um. The

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way that happens is you go outside, you look up at the night sky,

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and you feel something when you look
at the night sky. And for

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me, that something was I actually
felt homesick looking up in the night sky.

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And when I looked up and saw
the myriad stars over my head,

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I was like wow, wow.
And then we'd go on family trips to

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Maine in the summers and Port Clyde, Maine, a small fishing village up

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on the down East. As they
say, you know that you can't get

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there from here location. I was
stunned at the beauty of the night sky

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up there, and you know what, it never left me. And I

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want a dark sky my entire life. So every house I've ever owned,

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and I've owned let's see one,
two, this will be the third.

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Actually so not many, but every
house I had to be able to see

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the milky way up in the sky. Wow. When I before I bought

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the house, if I couldn't see
the Milky Way, I wasn't going to

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buy that house. I don't care
how nice the house looked. So the

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house I'm in now, I really
hoped i'd see the milky Way. And

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when I pulled into the driveway at
night with the owner's permission because we hadn't

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bought the house yet, I looked
up. I saw the milky Way and

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I said, Okay, this house
is now a candidate, isn't it crazy?

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Wow? Now, Um and I
live up as I've we've talked about

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this. I live right around the
corner from where you used to summer you

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live, you used to go to
Tenant's Harbor, And that's up for me

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right now. And it is beautiful
up here. And I also had a

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conversation with you when Um, we
lost power up here and I could actually

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see the milky Way so clear,
but it's not that clear because of the

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there is a little bit of light
pollution. Yeah, you're you're You've got

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Rockland on one side, Portland on
the other. You're going to see the

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light from where from that location,
you know, in Tenant's Harbor location actually,

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which is not where you are,
um, um. But from from

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my point of view, that's not
so bad, um because I look at

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it in terms of how bright the
night sky is on what's called the Bortle

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scale. The Bordal is b O
RTL, not bottle because you know the

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bottle scale. Well, that'll make
any night sky look wonderful, you know,

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for some people if you tip it
a little too much. Yeah,

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yeah, yeah. The Bortle scale, on the other hand, that's a

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measure of the brightness of the night
sky, okay. And if you have

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a Bordal sky of zero, it's
absolutely dark, so like you can't see

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your hand up in your face.
A Bordal sky of nine okay, is

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like downtown Phoenix or downtown New York
City, you know Manhattan, all right.

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And the observatory here in Connecticut where
I run my observatory astronomy outreach programs

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on YouTube, you know, the
sky through a live stream this These skies

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are Bordal five skies, and so
on some nights I can see really really

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nice milky way, and other nights, if there's too much water vapor in

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the air, I might not see
them see it at all. But we

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have a second observatory we're building out
in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona. Wow.

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Yeah, that's right, you must. Wow. That's when do you

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expect that to be completed and operational? Well? What's today? Today's me

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twelfth, and I'm going to be
going out there on June twenty second,

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and we're building the observatory building I've
got. There's gonna be a crew coming

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out. They're gonna erect that building, and the building is going to have

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a regular peaked roof, and the
whole roof is going to roll off the

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building. It's gonna be what's called
a roll off roof observatory. However I'm

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making I'm making it so that it
can be remotely controlled from anywhere in the

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world. Wow. So I have
like the one here, My observatory here

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is remote. I run it from
here. I'm inside my office. I

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run it from here, Okay,
And it's actually very nice. It works

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very well. So I've been working
with it like that for several years now,

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and I'm gonna be able to translate
what I learned here into a permanent,

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more robust system out there. So
it's very nice. That's great.

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Now you actually do something on Sunday
nights where there's some type of stream you

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do as well that has to do
with your observatory. Let me talk quick

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about that. Sure On Sunday nights
on KGRA hey, who would have thought,

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Hey, Gary Radio the best listeners
on Earth? Right? They from

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eight to ten pm on Sunday nights, we have sky Tour Radio and my

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co host is Amanda Current and we
have Daryl Mason with us. Darryl Mason

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is I call him the astronomers astronomer. He's he's a very very knowledgeable amateur

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astronomer who brings a different perspective than
the professional astronomers. And so it's really

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good to have him on because he
knows the night sky like the back of

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his hand, and you know,
that is something that that people that are

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learning astronomy will want to do well, want to learn, you know,

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and so he's great to have on. A man that is great. She

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knew absolutely no astronomy when we started
together, and now you know, she'll

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actually cut me off when I'm talking
to finish my sentences with the right thing

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in astronomy, and I don't get
mad. I'm proud of her, you

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know, because he's come a long
way, and it's really cool to hear

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her knowledge. Or she'll I'll say, now we have all these different types

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of stellar types, and you'll hear
her go, oh, I know,

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I know, I know, because
she wants to tell everybody what they are.

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So I let her, you know, we go through that. So,

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um, he's yeah, she's really
amazing, as is Darrel. So

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um, I say that sky to
a radio is us, not me,

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Okay, And that's I think that's
true. You know, you you've got

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to You've got to basically acknowledge the
people that have, you know, make

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your show success, right, Um, you know, you do it for

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the people that have helped you.
I do it for people have helped me,

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you know, to keep this show
going. Yeah. So I want

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to talk about a couple of things
that are kind of hot in the news,

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and one of them is there's that
the black hole that's about a thousand

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light years away that they just discovered. That's very an unusual thing for them

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to find something like that. That
was sort of of because this black hole

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is actually in our backyard if you
want to go down the path of what

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constitutes a backyard in astronomy, where
the nearest star is twelve thousand years away.

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At the fastest speed we can go, a thousand light years is actually

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right in our backyard. And this
particular black hole is really it's in a

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constellation called Telescopium, which is the
telescope and it was found through a study

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of the star Hr sixty eight nineteen, and this particular star a nice romantic

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for that star. This star has
actually is more than one. There's two

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stars, at least that's what they
thought. There's a primary and a secondary

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star. Well, the secondary had
a weird orbit that didn't match what was

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expected for a binary star, okay, because this one star turned out to

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be too righte a binary, and
then that second star would typically just orbit

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around the main star. Well,
it's doing so, but something is weird

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is going on. It turns out
that this secondary star right is surrounded by,

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or got next to it, another
object that can't be seen that's affecting

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its orbit. So they've guessed that, and I think rightly that this whole

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system, this trinary system, it
has a black hole in it. And

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the star that was considered the primary
is actually the secondary because the black hole

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is pretty heavy, pretty massive,
Okay, when I say primary versus secondary,

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the primary is usually the more massive
star or the brighter on the secondary

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is usually the dimmer and less massive. You know either of those things.

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Well, the primary in this case
has a black hole going around it,

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and that secondary is orbiting the two
of them at a much greater distance.

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And it takes only forty days for
that that black hole and star to orbit

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each other. And that process is
something that was the ciphered of when they

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looked at the data. And by
looking at the data, they can see

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these black holes out there. Now. You know, if if you think

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about it, you say, well, how to black holes form? I

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mean, black holes don't just like
show up high, I'm a black hole.

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I'm here now, they don't.
What happens is they the stars go

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through stellar revolution, they actually use
up all their hydrogen fuel and then swell

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into a red giant. And if
they're smaller than a certain size, a

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certain a certain mass, then they'll
just shrink down to a little white dwarfs,

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leaving a little fuzzy nebula around the
remaining white dwarf. But if they're

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bigger than a certain size, then
the stars can actually explode in what we

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call a supernova, which is the
greatest cataclysmic explosion that the universe knows other

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than what's called a killanova or a
hypernova. But if you think about it,

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or as it turns out, fast
radio burst, it might be the

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explosion of a supernova would leave debris
and you'd see something in the area left

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over. Well, this particular star
system, this trainary doesn't have any of

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this stuff. There's none of this
wreckage from a previous exploded star hanging out.

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So what does that mean. It
means that perhaps there's another phenomena of

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foot, and that phenomena that could
be a foot is that some massive star

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ours can actually just begin to collapse
and instead of going super and ova,

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they can just go into this catastrophic
collapse and these are called direct collapse black

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holes. They can actually go right
from being a star right down to a

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black hole. And it's theorized that
maybe this could have happened here. But

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it's also possible, going back to
the super andover front, that it might

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have happened so long ago that all
of the material from the supernova has moved

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out and expanded, because once the
star exploded, he goes boom. You

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know, the stuff just goes on
and on and on, and then what's

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left in the center might not have
so much stuff, and that that could

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be what we see here too.
But it's a really neat thing. Yeah,

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00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:49,039
yeah, And so it's part of
it's part of a binary system and

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a trinary system, I guess it. M So there's no danger of us

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the other binary stars like drawn into
it, unless somehow they it shifts or

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something like that. I mean,
it just has the gravity of a of

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another son basically, right, actually
four other sons. It's actually the mass

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of four sons, And so it
means that this probably was a much more

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massive star to begin with. And
then when it collapsed, either with a

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supernova, is gonna blow off a
huge amount of mass from the start bottom

220
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and all goes away. But what's
left in the middle, right, is

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going to have a certain mass left
over. If it had a four solar

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masses left over, it means it
had to be a big star to begin

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with. So then you would say, well, wait, why didn't the

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other stars in that system get destroyed? You know, why didn't the other

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stars get destroyed in the system from
this? And the answer to that is

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that these stars many times do survive
supernovae because as close as they are there

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are sometimes not close enough to be
destroyed or you know what we call disrupted

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by another stellar event. Nearby stars
are actually pretty cohesive things. It's gonna

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it takes a lot to destroy them. But this one, this also being

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a thousand light years away, never
will never have an issue with it.

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It's not going to be a problem
for us. Well, yeah, I

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know, and I have brought this
up to another astronomer that was on here,

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basically that you don't really have anymore
draw well, when this has the

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mass of four suns, it basically
has that type of gravity pull. But

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it's not going to bother you unless
you know, it's not going to come

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after you, so to speak.
No, it's it's it's an orbit like

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like our sun right now. If
it went if our sun could be magically

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turned into a black hole, we
see the Sun go out, and the

239
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planets would continue to orbit just like
they do forever. They just get a

240
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lot colder and a lot deader.
Okay, but you know it orbits,

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uh, you know, it doesn't
change the the the mass doesn't change.

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Uh. It once it's a black
hole it'll be a one our son would

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be a one solar mass black hole. Now our son is impossible. It

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can't become a black hole. Just
for argument's sake, I'm saying a red

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dwarf, it would have become right, our son would become a white dwarf,

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you know, it would become a
red giant after it uses up as

247
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TI and it goes through using other
stuff to fuse into other materials, and

248
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that would make it bloat into this
bigger thing. And then as those things

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progressively waned and went away, it
would shrink down more and more, and

250
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it's gonna it pulsate. It would
start to shrink and then say, oh

251
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hey, I got some more stuff, and then bloats up again, and

252
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then it goes down once it loses
that, and then oh if I'd more

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stuff to fuse, you know,
and when that happens, basically it'll bloat

254
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and do that kind of that cycle, that variable cycle like that, puffing

255
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and shrinking multiple times, and it
will become a white dwarf. And the

256
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white dwarf h is a really odd
character, just like um. Well,

257
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with bigger stars, they could leave
behind black holes or neutron stars. So

258
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it's a really uh these cores of
old stars at the end are really odd

259
00:20:18,119 --> 00:20:25,079
places. None of them conduce up
to life. Yeah right, I know

260
00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:26,960
that. I think a sun has
to be two and a half times the

261
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size of ours before it could become
a black hole. I play something like

262
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that. Well, yeah, black
holes have to have a certain minimum mass,

263
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okay. And like for our son, if we there's a certain limit

264
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okay, our son when it goes
to a white dwarf, stars up to

265
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one point four four solar masses would
go to a white dwarf. Above that,

266
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then they have a chance of becoming
going supernova and possibly leaving behind a

267
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neutron star all right, which is
another dead star remnant. And above that,

268
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still the larger ones, when they
explode, they could actually leave behind

269
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a black hole. Which when I
first heard about black holes, I thought

270
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it was just bologny. I thought
it was really I just thought it was

271
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bologny until you know, and not
not until I actually heard from people that

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talked about the physics of the black
holes and how they operated, and I

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realized that we're talking about a force
of gravity that's actually bending not light but

274
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the fabric of space itself, and
bending space is a concept that is hard

275
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for people to understand because they think
space is nothing gets empty, you know,

276
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and it's it's not, you know. And so when when when the

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fabric of space gets bent, Well, just like a car on a hill,

278
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okay, following the contours of a
hill, light follows the contour of

279
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space. So if the if the
if space is getting bent around by a

280
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black hole, well the light is
gonna go bent, get around, get

281
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bent around by this black hole because
it's following space. It follows space.

282
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It doesn't know that there's a band. It's just going straight as far as

283
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it's concerned, you know. And
so when they say a black hole's gravity

284
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is so strong that not even light
can escape it, what they're really saying

285
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is that the gravitational force of the
black hole is bending space so much that

286
00:22:27,440 --> 00:22:32,359
the light that is now let's say
orbiting the black hole, if it if

287
00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:37,160
it ends up getting into the black
hole, the gravity is so strong that

288
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and the curvature of space is so
tight that you'll that light beam can never

289
00:22:41,680 --> 00:22:44,559
get out again, that particle,
that photon of light will never get out.

290
00:22:45,319 --> 00:22:51,160
So that's why they say that it's
not that light is bent by gravity.

291
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It's not. Space is bent by
gravity and light follows space. It's

292
00:22:56,000 --> 00:23:00,240
sort of a two step thing.
Well, you know, crazy it is.

293
00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:03,119
And I've heard it's kind of like
putting a bowling ball on a mattress.

294
00:23:03,319 --> 00:23:07,000
It's a good way to put it, yeah, or a big rubber

295
00:23:07,039 --> 00:23:11,519
sheet, you know. And and
and you know, we've done that actually

296
00:23:11,680 --> 00:23:15,480
in physics. We've actually taken a
ball bearing and put it on a large

297
00:23:15,599 --> 00:23:18,480
rubber sheet and it makes a well
in the middle. And if if you

298
00:23:18,559 --> 00:23:22,079
get enough people to hold that thing
and stretch it, you know, the

299
00:23:22,079 --> 00:23:26,039
ball bearing will make like a little
dent in the middle. But as the

300
00:23:26,079 --> 00:23:29,519
people start to walk forward a little
bit, it stays taught, but the

301
00:23:29,559 --> 00:23:32,440
ball bearing starts to sing deeper and
deeper and deeper, making it deeper and

302
00:23:32,480 --> 00:23:37,000
deeper. Well, And you can
simulate, for instance, the different depths

303
00:23:37,119 --> 00:23:41,960
of a gravitational well this way.
And then if you can take other like

304
00:23:41,079 --> 00:23:45,680
marbles and start rolling them around on
this thing, you'll see the marbles will

305
00:23:45,759 --> 00:23:49,480
orbit these things and spiral in faster
and faster and faster until they go down

306
00:23:49,480 --> 00:23:53,200
the middle like a roulette wheel in
a way, and it goes clink and

307
00:23:53,240 --> 00:23:56,359
then you got that. Then the
marbles now hit the ball bearing in the

308
00:23:56,359 --> 00:24:00,319
middle. Yeah, we got just
here. We're going to be going into

309
00:24:00,359 --> 00:24:04,200
a break, and I just want
to touch on some of the other things

310
00:24:04,200 --> 00:24:07,880
we're going to talk about. Of
course, we'll hit the UFO topics,

311
00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:11,920
sooner or later, we're gonna be
talking about your book, and we're also

312
00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:15,279
going to be talking about well,
well they're going to talk about your book

313
00:24:15,440 --> 00:24:19,039
at this coming break, coming right
up that. I also want to talk

314
00:24:19,079 --> 00:24:26,039
about the near miss asteroid and what
of you know, how can we actually

315
00:24:26,039 --> 00:24:30,240
be protected from that, because that's
that's always a little bit scary, that

316
00:24:30,319 --> 00:24:34,039
whole thing. Anyway, we are
ready to go into a break, and

317
00:24:34,400 --> 00:24:41,240
we'll be right back right after these
messages. So Mark, let's talk about

318
00:24:41,240 --> 00:24:44,519
your book during this break. We
got we got about two minutes or so

319
00:24:44,720 --> 00:24:49,200
here. Okay, Well, the
book is um was born out of a

320
00:24:49,240 --> 00:24:53,960
conversation I had back in nineteen eighty
eight, no, nineteen eighty three.

321
00:24:56,119 --> 00:25:00,319
I was getting my degree in astronomy. Yes I'm that old. Uh,

322
00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:07,160
And during that time I was talking
to the director of the observatory and I

323
00:25:07,240 --> 00:25:11,039
had a conversation with him and said, hey, um, I believe that

324
00:25:11,160 --> 00:25:15,720
the universe is full of life.
And he goes, you have to explain

325
00:25:15,799 --> 00:25:19,279
that. What what are you talking
about? And I said, um,

326
00:25:21,559 --> 00:25:25,000
I think that the the universe is
full of life. I think it's a

327
00:25:25,039 --> 00:25:32,720
populated universe. And I have no
idea you know why. I think that.

328
00:25:32,839 --> 00:25:34,599
I just have some logic behind it. And he goes, well,

329
00:25:34,839 --> 00:25:37,039
you're gonna have to explain that logic. So I actually told him, I

330
00:25:37,039 --> 00:25:41,240
said, look, we're carbon based. Creatures were bilaterally symmetric. Everything on

331
00:25:41,279 --> 00:25:47,119
this planet is based on carbon,
every life form, and so you know,

332
00:25:47,680 --> 00:25:52,599
to me, that's a template that
the universe has produced, you know,

333
00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:56,599
a template for life. And so
that that being the case, I

334
00:25:56,640 --> 00:26:03,480
think that maybe we're talking about out
the fact that life in the universe is

335
00:26:03,519 --> 00:26:07,759
the rule, not the exception.
Um. And he said you finished.

336
00:26:07,759 --> 00:26:11,960
I said yeah. He says,
go back in the observatory and get back

337
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:15,960
on the project. All right,
your research project, he meant, and

338
00:26:15,079 --> 00:26:22,039
leave Captain Kirk to us. Now. In eighty nine, I went back

339
00:26:22,519 --> 00:26:27,279
because the first extra planet had been
confirmed and he was on the phone.

340
00:26:27,319 --> 00:26:30,119
I walked into his office. He's
on the phone. I lean in like

341
00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:36,480
this and he's gotta. He doesn't. He's on the phone. He covers

342
00:26:36,519 --> 00:26:41,240
up receiver and he says it was
only one planet, and thus began the

343
00:26:41,319 --> 00:26:52,119
flood of over four thousand confirmed planets
now with suggestions that there are potentially minimally

344
00:26:52,119 --> 00:26:57,119
twenty five million and as many as
I got a gentleman, because we're coming

345
00:26:57,160 --> 00:27:00,319
back, stand by, you're back, all right, welcome back to the

346
00:27:00,359 --> 00:27:07,119
show. I'm Martin Willis your host. My guest tonight is the great one

347
00:27:07,119 --> 00:27:11,160
and only Mark d Antonio. And
we were talking. We're I think we

348
00:27:11,279 --> 00:27:15,960
kind of can finish up on the
black hole, that whole situation, although

349
00:27:17,559 --> 00:27:22,319
it's such a still so many mysteries
and the different things that happened to sons,

350
00:27:22,559 --> 00:27:26,880
you know, and does this whole
thing, you know, fall apart

351
00:27:26,279 --> 00:27:30,039
and then come back together someday,
you know? I understand there are certain

352
00:27:30,079 --> 00:27:36,200
stars and a certain state that can
last a trillion years with the fuel they

353
00:27:36,200 --> 00:27:40,480
have. Yeah, those are the
little percolators I called there. They're the

354
00:27:40,519 --> 00:27:44,559
red dwarfs. They're they're M type
stars. Not to be confused with M

355
00:27:44,599 --> 00:27:48,559
class planets and star trek because that
wasn't the thing. But M class stars

356
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:55,279
are very cool stars, meaning they're
only three thousand kelvin on their surfaces,

357
00:27:55,799 --> 00:28:02,400
okay, just a few thousand degrees
fahrenheit in other words, and the stars

358
00:28:02,440 --> 00:28:07,440
can literally last for trillions of years
potentially, and they are the most numerous

359
00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:11,440
star in the entire universe. There's
more of those types of stars than any

360
00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:15,920
other. And as it turns out, in looking at the data and looking

361
00:28:15,920 --> 00:28:22,440
at all the signs, it seems
we're not off when we suggest that maybe

362
00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:32,240
maybe there's a strong likelihood I should
say that there's more planets than there are

363
00:28:32,400 --> 00:28:37,960
stars in the universe, and that's
not unfounded based on the science, that's

364
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:44,799
right. And how many have they
discovered? A certain amount of what they

365
00:28:44,839 --> 00:28:48,839
call planets and the Goldilocks zone,
yeah, the habitable planets, that's right.

366
00:28:48,920 --> 00:28:53,440
I mean, there's a certain percentage
of these that have been discovered that

367
00:28:53,559 --> 00:28:59,079
we can extrapolate to the population of
our galaxy as a whole. For instance.

368
00:28:59,319 --> 00:29:03,960
However, the search for planets around
other stars, you know, it's

369
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:10,000
limited only to our galaxy now,
but we can also there's there's some research

370
00:29:10,039 --> 00:29:17,720
that shows extra galactic planets that might
be detectable based on the way we're seeing

371
00:29:17,720 --> 00:29:21,279
the light change. Because you know, dimming light can be seen for you

372
00:29:21,319 --> 00:29:25,079
know, a long way away,
many millions of light years. Even so

373
00:29:25,920 --> 00:29:30,119
in our neighborhood, well in our
galaxy, this is our neighborhood, right,

374
00:29:30,599 --> 00:29:33,960
Our galaxy is one hundred thousand light
years across or so it's going to

375
00:29:34,039 --> 00:29:37,039
take light one hundred thousand years to
cross it, and lights the fastest thing

376
00:29:37,079 --> 00:29:40,680
we know in the universe, and
it's still is gonna take a one hundred

377
00:29:40,680 --> 00:29:45,039
thousand years to cross just our galaxy. And there's over two trillion other galaxies

378
00:29:45,079 --> 00:29:49,079
potentially. So that said, all
that said, that understanding in our galaxy

379
00:29:49,119 --> 00:29:55,920
alone, there is anywhere from twenty
five million at the low end to maybe

380
00:29:55,960 --> 00:30:03,519
as high as twenty billion earthlike planets. That means planets that have the capability

381
00:30:03,519 --> 00:30:06,480
of having liquid water on their surface. That means they're in the not too

382
00:30:06,519 --> 00:30:10,400
hot, not too cold Goldilocks zone. And where those numbers come from,

383
00:30:10,440 --> 00:30:12,799
those numbers come from, you know, not my head. Those numbers come

384
00:30:12,880 --> 00:30:19,359
from studies that have been done by
the Italian teams and other teams, and

385
00:30:19,400 --> 00:30:26,039
they're actually looking at the famous Drake
equation. Frank Drake had an equation that

386
00:30:26,440 --> 00:30:30,599
he used to calculate the probability of
life in the universe, and without being

387
00:30:30,599 --> 00:30:37,200
able to plug in any data for
the modern understanding of planets around other stars,

388
00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:41,039
it was a very pessimistic view.
However, now with the new data,

389
00:30:41,720 --> 00:30:48,000
the numbers turn out and turn out
a different value for the potential planets

390
00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:55,920
around other stars and potential life bearing
planets, potential intelligence possibly, and there's

391
00:30:55,960 --> 00:31:00,119
like I said, looking at just
the planets that can support life like US

392
00:31:00,519 --> 00:31:07,480
carbon based bilateral symmetric use oxygen to
make energy for our cells. That particular

393
00:31:07,359 --> 00:31:12,279
conundrum leads us to those numbers I
mentioned. Those are twenty five million,

394
00:31:12,880 --> 00:31:21,279
to say, to say, twenty
billion other planets just like the Earth.

395
00:31:21,319 --> 00:31:25,960
And that's just in our galaxy.
And then there are those one or two

396
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:32,160
trillion other galaxies. So it's stupendous, it's colossal, it's fantasticalists, it's

397
00:31:32,160 --> 00:31:36,240
all those words when you make up
to describe really cool things. We're getting

398
00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:38,799
that digital noise again. You did
so I don't know whatever you did.

399
00:31:38,839 --> 00:31:45,920
Can you do that again so it
doesn't come across Well, that's actually you

400
00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:48,039
know what you're hearing, Believe it
or not. That little sound you're hearing

401
00:31:48,079 --> 00:31:52,599
is the USB kicking in saying,
hey, I'm detaching a USB thing.

402
00:31:52,759 --> 00:31:56,960
Hey, I'm attaching a USB thing, except that it's based on electric charges

403
00:31:57,000 --> 00:32:02,920
that are harrently flowing through my desk
here and through the air, probably because

404
00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:07,400
this is Connecticut. It's still chilly
here, and I actually have a heater

405
00:32:07,519 --> 00:32:10,160
running in here, which dries the
air and makes everything a little bit more

406
00:32:10,200 --> 00:32:16,400
Staticy, I'll try to sit still. No, that's fine. Well,

407
00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:22,279
and so let's let's just talk about
a couple of things. Well, getting

408
00:32:22,279 --> 00:32:28,640
back to the planets that could support
life and possibly intelligent life. I've asked

409
00:32:28,720 --> 00:32:32,160
this question of a number of people, a speculating question, of course,

410
00:32:32,799 --> 00:32:37,920
and that is why if we are
being visited and they are coming from out

411
00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:42,720
there, let's just I'm just going
to throw a lot of things out here,

412
00:32:43,480 --> 00:32:46,119
because I never say that I know
what things are that are showing up

413
00:32:46,160 --> 00:32:51,240
here. I'm never going to say
there's aliens inside. But it's a possibility.

414
00:32:51,279 --> 00:32:54,160
It's one of the possibilities. And
so let's just say we are being

415
00:32:54,319 --> 00:33:00,559
visited by an intelligent life from another
planet. Why here if there are so

416
00:33:00,599 --> 00:33:07,839
many other possibilities of planets. Well, there's a logical answer to that.

417
00:33:08,880 --> 00:33:14,559
And it comes down to the fact
that when we talked to or when you

418
00:33:14,680 --> 00:33:17,359
when you heard from Stephen Hawking some
years ago, he suggested that we keep

419
00:33:17,359 --> 00:33:22,200
a low profile, don't expose ourselves
to alien life, just sort of high

420
00:33:22,319 --> 00:33:28,279
keep Earth quiet and out of the
way, because we very rightly could fear

421
00:33:28,319 --> 00:33:31,359
what they may bring to us.
Right. Well, is it turns out

422
00:33:31,920 --> 00:33:38,599
Stephen Hawking didn't account for the fact
that the Earth has an oxygen atmosphere,

423
00:33:39,480 --> 00:33:46,200
and the oxygen atmosphere started to build
up two point seven billion years ago.

424
00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:52,480
So at some point along the way, a civilization is going to say,

425
00:33:52,559 --> 00:33:58,720
hey, we're carbon based if they
are, and we need oxygen, so

426
00:33:58,839 --> 00:34:04,200
let's look for planets that have oxygen
in their atmospheres. And we're doing that

427
00:34:04,279 --> 00:34:07,480
now, that's what we want to
do. The James Webb telescope is going

428
00:34:07,519 --> 00:34:12,880
to infer that there's oxygen in an
atmosphere by looking for carbon dioxide and methane

429
00:34:13,400 --> 00:34:16,960
and if it can see because oxygen, you the spectrum of where oxygen would

430
00:34:16,960 --> 00:34:20,599
show up is in the visible part
of the spectrum, and that James Webb

431
00:34:20,639 --> 00:34:22,960
doesn't do that. The James Webb
looks at infra red but they can infer

432
00:34:23,119 --> 00:34:28,519
that there's oxygen present based on the
quantities of these other materials. So that's

433
00:34:28,559 --> 00:34:34,440
said, we're doing this now,
and we're in our infancy when it comes

434
00:34:34,480 --> 00:34:37,159
to finding other worlds. We can't
even leave this planet and go to another

435
00:34:37,199 --> 00:34:45,440
world with any kind of speed or
any kind of capability. So if another

436
00:34:45,519 --> 00:34:51,880
civilization is only say five hundred years
ahead of us, and it's ludicrous to

437
00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:55,639
think that they're not, they're probably
going to be say half a million years

438
00:34:55,800 --> 00:35:00,039
ahead of us maybe or a billion
years even can work ahead of us.

439
00:35:00,400 --> 00:35:05,840
If that's the case, they would
have discovered that oxygen in an atmosphere is

440
00:35:05,840 --> 00:35:08,960
a very important thing to look for, and they would probably have done a

441
00:35:09,039 --> 00:35:14,920
survey of all the stars they can
see in the galaxy and said, give

442
00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:17,800
us all the candidates Torg. Torg
is the guy that gets a sign that

443
00:35:17,920 --> 00:35:22,360
see in the alien world. So
Torg has to go and make a compendium

444
00:35:22,400 --> 00:35:28,199
for the High Council whatever it is
on their planet, and that council is

445
00:35:28,199 --> 00:35:30,880
going to look at all these oxygen
atmosphere planets and then they have to go

446
00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:35,920
and figure out if they're going to
go to them. So you say,

447
00:35:35,920 --> 00:35:39,360
why us well, we have a
very very high abundance of oxygen in our

448
00:35:39,400 --> 00:35:45,880
atmosphere, and you would go to
a planet that has oxygen for one reason,

449
00:35:46,400 --> 00:35:51,559
not because it might be able to
support you, but because it's already

450
00:35:51,639 --> 00:35:59,559
supporting something alive. And the reason
is because oxygen doesn't like to stay in

451
00:35:59,599 --> 00:36:01,280
the air and just sort of float
around. Hi, I'm an oxygen Atomya

452
00:36:01,400 --> 00:36:05,000
me too, you know, I
mean they don't like that. They want

453
00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:07,519
to go down into the crust.
They want to bind with other things.

454
00:36:07,559 --> 00:36:09,519
They want to bind with iron and
become FE two O three, which is

455
00:36:09,599 --> 00:36:16,840
rust. Okay. They want to
go and become other materials to form carbonate

456
00:36:16,880 --> 00:36:22,559
ions or carbonate compounds, you know, like calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate.

457
00:36:22,679 --> 00:36:25,480
They want to form other things.
Oxygen is a tremendous atom for doing that.

458
00:36:25,760 --> 00:36:32,000
It loves to oxidize. So that
said oxygen in an atmosphere would be

459
00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:37,760
depleted after just a few million years. And if we have it in our

460
00:36:37,800 --> 00:36:43,039
atmosphere and a civilization is watching this
planet and they notice that there's no real

461
00:36:43,159 --> 00:36:47,760
relative change in the oxygen level,
what's that tell you? Tells you that

462
00:36:47,760 --> 00:36:57,360
that oxygen is being replenished. H
replenished by what it could be life that's

463
00:36:57,360 --> 00:37:01,039
replenishing it. So they'll find that
as a this planet very likely has some

464
00:37:01,079 --> 00:37:06,039
form of life. And then tour
gets in a metal you know when they

465
00:37:06,079 --> 00:37:10,000
promote it. Yeah, U so
yeah, I've wondered about that and that,

466
00:37:10,159 --> 00:37:14,840
James Webb, that will be really
interesting. You know, may and

467
00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:17,320
may put SETTI out of business.
You never know. I don't know,

468
00:37:17,360 --> 00:37:20,800
but you know, I getta.
I also have to add one little thing

469
00:37:20,840 --> 00:37:23,000
too, and that is a lot
of people say that, you know,

470
00:37:23,280 --> 00:37:27,239
well, we have a really odd
situation here because we have a moon.

471
00:37:27,880 --> 00:37:31,039
Okay, our moon, you see
this is them talking about there aren't Our

472
00:37:31,159 --> 00:37:35,519
moon has made it possible for life
to exist here. Without the moon,

473
00:37:35,599 --> 00:37:37,960
life couldn't exist. I don't know. This is the moon, okay,

474
00:37:38,199 --> 00:37:43,119
this is uh. I three D
printed this moon and this this moon.

475
00:37:43,280 --> 00:37:49,239
Okay. It is sort of oblong
because the real moon is oblong um and

476
00:37:50,320 --> 00:37:57,239
it's presence here. I argue it
doesn't help us. I think that traditionally

477
00:37:57,239 --> 00:38:01,320
it's hurt us. And because the
reason is that people say, well,

478
00:38:01,320 --> 00:38:06,039
without the moon, we don't have
tides, right. Wrong, We do

479
00:38:06,159 --> 00:38:08,760
have tides, they're just half the
size. Now, why isn't the sun.

480
00:38:09,159 --> 00:38:14,159
That's right, Martin Willis gigs a
gold star and he knows, he

481
00:38:14,199 --> 00:38:16,400
knows, you know, what's going
on here. So yeah, that's right.

482
00:38:16,599 --> 00:38:19,559
So that's said, you know,
he's the guy, He's the guy.

483
00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:22,960
So that said, Okay, when
we look at the tides from the

484
00:38:22,960 --> 00:38:28,880
Sun, we would still get tidal
pools. We would still get fish left

485
00:38:28,920 --> 00:38:32,880
out into the atmosphere for a period
of time and then they have to you

486
00:38:32,920 --> 00:38:37,239
know, wait for that water to
come back in, and they would still

487
00:38:37,239 --> 00:38:43,719
adapt to being air breathers as well, because that tidal pool mechanism is what's

488
00:38:43,760 --> 00:38:49,719
thought to have assisted in that process. So that said, I think that,

489
00:38:49,800 --> 00:38:53,639
you know, without the Moon,
several things would have changed. First

490
00:38:53,679 --> 00:38:59,639
of all, our orbit tilted the
way it is might not have been that

491
00:38:59,760 --> 00:39:04,159
if the initial collision that took the
Moon out of the Earth's primordial earth,

492
00:39:05,719 --> 00:39:07,800
as the theory goes, right,
we had the Earth, then we had

493
00:39:07,800 --> 00:39:12,920
the Moon blasted out, okay by
an impact with another object. Okay,

494
00:39:13,239 --> 00:39:16,400
so this object hits the Earth and
boom, this molten blob comes out and

495
00:39:16,440 --> 00:39:21,440
it becomes the moon eventually. But
if you noticed on our moon and you

496
00:39:21,440 --> 00:39:23,960
can't really see that there, but
there are more craters. The craters have

497
00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:29,000
craters, Okay, on this moon, all right, the craters have craters,

498
00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:32,239
and that indicates that there was lots
of bombardment going on, a lot

499
00:39:32,280 --> 00:39:37,840
of things flying around the early Solar
System at cloudbered Earth, at Cloud Mercury,

500
00:39:37,840 --> 00:39:43,360
at Cloudberd, Venus, at the
Moon at Cloudberd Mars all right,

501
00:39:44,320 --> 00:39:47,639
and the asteroids, well those could
never be a planet because of Jupiter.

502
00:39:49,199 --> 00:39:52,679
So really what we're talking about is
all this debris flying around in the Early

503
00:39:52,679 --> 00:39:58,519
Solar System is part of what caused
a lot of the craters on the Moon.

504
00:39:58,760 --> 00:40:00,320
But when the Moon was formed,
at the Brie was formed with it,

505
00:40:00,519 --> 00:40:05,320
and that also is responsible for what
you're seeing on the Moon. Now,

506
00:40:06,000 --> 00:40:07,679
the Moon has also got a gravity. Now, this thing is one

507
00:40:07,719 --> 00:40:10,480
six the size of our planet,
Okay, our planets a lot bigger.

508
00:40:10,719 --> 00:40:16,079
However, it has gravity, a
significant gravity, so that anything that's in

509
00:40:16,079 --> 00:40:20,480
our neighborhood, if it's on the
fence about coming towards the Earth, I

510
00:40:20,480 --> 00:40:22,079
don't want. I don't know if
I'm gonna go to the Earth. But

511
00:40:22,199 --> 00:40:23,199
wait, there's a moon. I'm
gonna go. Because the Moon is gonna

512
00:40:23,199 --> 00:40:28,079
help pull it in. So the
Moon is going to add that additional kick

513
00:40:28,679 --> 00:40:32,199
to an object that's in the Earth
Moon arena area, okay, and bring

514
00:40:32,239 --> 00:40:37,079
it closer to the Earth and possibly
hit the Earth. We've had five major

515
00:40:37,119 --> 00:40:44,360
extinction events on the planet, right
so several of them. We had one.

516
00:40:44,559 --> 00:40:49,320
We had several impacts, but some
of them were changes in biodiversity on

517
00:40:49,360 --> 00:40:53,880
the planet. But some impacts had
a tremendous effect on life. And our

518
00:40:53,920 --> 00:40:59,519
planet is actually very dynamic. Okay. It could have been volcanoes that wiped

519
00:40:59,519 --> 00:41:04,119
out the uh, the would be
mammals two hundred and fifty two million years

520
00:41:04,119 --> 00:41:07,360
ago when they were dominant on the
planet. Okay, the things it would

521
00:41:07,400 --> 00:41:12,159
become us while mammals, okay,
they were dominant. And then there was

522
00:41:12,199 --> 00:41:15,880
this large eruption in what's now Siberia, the Permia, the traps during the

523
00:41:15,880 --> 00:41:21,880
Permian era, and that then once
there was once that lava cap was you

524
00:41:21,920 --> 00:41:24,599
know, going once, once that
lava went around, the magma went around

525
00:41:24,639 --> 00:41:29,400
the edge of this cap that was
formed over this this volcanic area. That

526
00:41:29,480 --> 00:41:34,440
stuff exploded into the atmosphere with many
giga tons that's billions of tons of CO

527
00:41:34,719 --> 00:41:42,119
two and almost overnight, relatively speaking, the oceans were toxic and oxygen uh

528
00:41:42,199 --> 00:41:45,800
stopped uh you know, entering the
oceans and stopped dissolving into the sea water.

529
00:41:46,079 --> 00:41:49,360
In fact, it came out and
a lot of the life died.

530
00:41:49,880 --> 00:41:54,280
The ocean temperatures rose twenty four degrees
while the planetary temperature rose twenty four degrees.

531
00:41:54,280 --> 00:41:59,840
So over time oceans followed. So
that was that that change caused me

532
00:42:00,000 --> 00:42:06,159
massive upheaval in the life and over
several million years that the full weight of

533
00:42:06,199 --> 00:42:12,000
that extinction event hit and mammals were
all but wiped out, and another life

534
00:42:12,039 --> 00:42:15,480
form came to the forefront as the
king at that point, and it turned

535
00:42:15,480 --> 00:42:20,559
out that they were reptiles. And
so way back then, because of that

536
00:42:20,639 --> 00:42:27,000
extinction event that happened all right,
an earthborn extinction event from the volcanic eruptions,

537
00:42:28,360 --> 00:42:30,679
we ended up with the age of
the dinosaurs. And so that's why

538
00:42:30,719 --> 00:42:35,360
the dinosaurs came to this planet,
well, came in to the forefront on

539
00:42:35,400 --> 00:42:37,119
the planet. And then sixty five
million years ago, you know how the

540
00:42:37,159 --> 00:42:43,599
dinosaurs were rendered extinct by the asteroid
strike off the Yucatan. We call it

541
00:42:43,679 --> 00:42:46,119
the chicks a little impact or the
Cretaceous Paleogene boundary event. Whatever you want

542
00:42:46,119 --> 00:42:50,639
to call it, we just call
it dinosaurs killed by the asteroid. And

543
00:42:50,760 --> 00:42:54,599
when that happened, that many millions
of years ago, that paved the way

544
00:42:54,880 --> 00:43:00,320
for the mammals to have a resurgence
and then come back. Hey, mammals

545
00:43:00,360 --> 00:43:04,119
can come back now. And so
out of the shadows came what would be

546
00:43:04,239 --> 00:43:08,840
us eventually, and that led down
that circuitous path that we followed an evolution

547
00:43:08,880 --> 00:43:15,320
to get to us. So maybe
this guy wasn't so helpful to us.

548
00:43:15,400 --> 00:43:20,320
Maybe this guy is the reason that
the dinosaurs died. Maybe this guy is

549
00:43:20,320 --> 00:43:22,480
the reason that all the other impacts
occurred, you know, So maybe it

550
00:43:22,519 --> 00:43:29,239
wasn't such a help after all.
However, I will say that we are

551
00:43:29,320 --> 00:43:32,639
what we are now. We through
evolution, through all these extinction events,

552
00:43:32,679 --> 00:43:36,559
looked like this, where these little, tiny, weak, frail things,

553
00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:42,880
you know, and that Startrek episode, ugly bags of water, remember that

554
00:43:43,480 --> 00:43:46,079
kind of what we are in a
sense. And so as these ugly bags

555
00:43:46,119 --> 00:43:55,559
of water, we are superior by
intellect only, not by structure, not

556
00:43:55,679 --> 00:44:02,599
by not by our force of strength
and so forth, so but our intellect,

557
00:44:02,639 --> 00:44:06,880
which brings us to dominance on the
planet. So if there's another life

558
00:44:06,920 --> 00:44:09,920
form somewhere else, right that could
happen there, that could happen there too.

559
00:44:10,440 --> 00:44:14,920
So maybe in a planet, on
a planet that didn't have as many

560
00:44:14,960 --> 00:44:22,400
extinction events, maybe those life forms
developed faster and more intelligently. What if

561
00:44:22,440 --> 00:44:27,199
the permanent extinction didn't happen two hundred
and fifty two million years ago, we

562
00:44:27,239 --> 00:44:31,000
certainly wouldn't be having this conversation had
we had we come to a dominance again

563
00:44:31,039 --> 00:44:35,719
as an intelligent species. I mean, we wouldn't have this conversation on a

564
00:44:36,760 --> 00:44:42,960
little measly computer. This would all
be a mental thing done maybe with telepathy

565
00:44:43,079 --> 00:44:45,199
or some type of other process,
because we would have been millions of years

566
00:44:45,239 --> 00:44:52,920
along in a species evolution if we
didn't wipe ourselves out from something else that's

567
00:44:52,960 --> 00:44:57,679
unforeseen as of yet, you know, or maybe you know, if a

568
00:44:57,719 --> 00:45:04,000
pandemic didn't kill the entire race,
which typically they don't. Yeah, clearly

569
00:45:04,039 --> 00:45:07,119
I'm gonna get people worried. Now, Hey, so what about Jupiter?

570
00:45:07,480 --> 00:45:13,960
If Jupiter never it wasn't part of
our solar system, would we get clovered

571
00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:16,000
a lot more? To you think? Yeah, that's that's a very good

572
00:45:16,039 --> 00:45:21,519
possibility because Jupiter is what I call
the Shepherd of the outer Solar System.

573
00:45:21,599 --> 00:45:23,400
You know, you have Mercury,
Venus, Earth, and then you have

574
00:45:23,519 --> 00:45:28,519
Mars, and i'll beyond Mars,
we have this this ring of asteroids,

575
00:45:28,800 --> 00:45:31,119
all right, and this ring of
asteroids out there, if you've made it

576
00:45:31,159 --> 00:45:34,639
all into a planet, it would
be something. And it's only about a

577
00:45:34,719 --> 00:45:37,199
quarter of the size of the Moon, so it's not like it could be

578
00:45:37,199 --> 00:45:40,159
a giant planet. Okay, So
that's how much mass is there. So

579
00:45:40,199 --> 00:45:44,719
it doesn't sound like a lot when
you break it out like that, but

580
00:45:45,880 --> 00:45:50,400
there's many, many, hundreds of
millions of these out there, and some

581
00:45:50,480 --> 00:45:53,880
of them are half a mile long, a mile long, two miles,

582
00:45:53,880 --> 00:45:59,000
three miles, you know, or
kilometers you know, ten twenty kilometers,

583
00:45:59,440 --> 00:46:01,800
you know. And so when you
go down that path and you think about

584
00:46:01,840 --> 00:46:07,039
that, if Jupiter wasn't there,
then something else could have happened. Jupiter

585
00:46:07,119 --> 00:46:10,639
is responsible for actually tugging on the
asteroids as it's going around and it's orbit,

586
00:46:10,679 --> 00:46:15,079
okay, it actually tugs on the
asteroids as it goes around. Now

587
00:46:15,199 --> 00:46:17,320
the asteroids are closer, so they're
moving a little faster. But as Jupiter

588
00:46:17,400 --> 00:46:22,440
goes around, okay, it's actually
tugging on these things, and when it

589
00:46:22,480 --> 00:46:23,880
tugs on them, it pulls them
a little bit further, you know,

590
00:46:23,960 --> 00:46:29,320
out toward Jupiter, and then they
relaxed. Now that's the reason they never

591
00:46:29,360 --> 00:46:31,840
formed into a planetoid, okay,
or something the size of the moon or

592
00:46:32,239 --> 00:46:37,719
obviously forth the size of the moon. But Jupiter, as a shepherd,

593
00:46:38,960 --> 00:46:45,920
it's been holding a lot of those
asteroids at bay. So it wouldn't be

594
00:46:45,960 --> 00:46:49,960
a good thing for us if Jupiter
went away or had never been. We

595
00:46:50,119 --> 00:46:57,239
might have never been because there might
have been other potential problems that happened because

596
00:46:57,519 --> 00:47:00,639
of those asteroids out there. Maybe
they would have become a moon around another

597
00:47:00,679 --> 00:47:04,880
planet. But on the other hand, okay, and this is why it's

598
00:47:04,920 --> 00:47:08,400
such a tricky question really, on
the other hand, because Jupiter's there,

599
00:47:08,760 --> 00:47:14,840
it has been holding the asteroids sort
of in place and keeping them, you

600
00:47:14,880 --> 00:47:19,719
know, in their own little channels. But sometimes there are problems, and

601
00:47:19,800 --> 00:47:22,360
sometimes asteroids do get away. For
instance, the chick's a little impact the

602
00:47:22,400 --> 00:47:27,480
one I just mentioned the Cretaceous Paleogene
boundary, the death of the dinosaurs.

603
00:47:27,480 --> 00:47:31,320
Okay, that was sixty five million
years ago, right, so that asteroid

604
00:47:31,320 --> 00:47:38,280
did hit us. That may not
have been a near Earth asteroid for its

605
00:47:38,440 --> 00:47:43,039
entire time. Obviously it was.
It was a near hit asteroid. It

606
00:47:43,079 --> 00:47:45,800
was a major hit asteroid at one
point. But before it was that,

607
00:47:45,920 --> 00:47:50,599
and before it was a near Earth
object, it was out in our asteroid

608
00:47:50,599 --> 00:47:54,280
belt and it got perturbed or disturbed
as another word for that, and moved

609
00:47:54,400 --> 00:48:00,079
here. And they think they identified
the asteroid family as something called a Florian

610
00:48:01,000 --> 00:48:07,519
uh, And the Florian family of
asteroids is one that could have spawned this

611
00:48:07,840 --> 00:48:15,079
uh, this killer rock that ended
up striking the planet. But really interesting

612
00:48:15,119 --> 00:48:20,760
studies get to read on and you
have to you have to spend a lot

613
00:48:20,760 --> 00:48:22,079
more time trying to learn about it. But you know what, you don't

614
00:48:22,079 --> 00:48:24,840
want to put people to sleep,
now, do you. Well, what

615
00:48:24,920 --> 00:48:32,000
about this recent um what's it called? Twenty twenty JJ came been fairly close?

616
00:48:34,760 --> 00:48:38,239
Yeah, twenty twenty JJ was a
near Earth object we called an eos,

617
00:48:38,679 --> 00:48:43,760
all right. And the nice thing
about the thing about twenty twenty JJ

618
00:48:44,079 --> 00:48:47,880
is it was really kind of small. So at the size of twenty twenty

619
00:48:47,960 --> 00:48:54,960
jj H, the asteroid didn't really
stand a chance of hurting us. Okay,

620
00:48:55,400 --> 00:49:00,360
it kind of snucked past us,
all right. It flew about forty

621
00:49:00,400 --> 00:49:05,119
three or forty four hundred miles over
the Pacific Ocean, and it ended up

622
00:49:06,119 --> 00:49:09,440
passing really really quickly by us.
Now but only four thousand miles away.

623
00:49:09,719 --> 00:49:15,599
You say, wow, that's just
like that's like twice a distance from Connecticut

624
00:49:15,679 --> 00:49:22,039
to like Arizona. You know,
yeah, maybe just about that's that's that's

625
00:49:22,039 --> 00:49:25,400
pretty close by. But again,
it was only like nine between nine and

626
00:49:25,440 --> 00:49:30,199
twenty feet long. And if you're
like worried that we don't know exactly how

627
00:49:30,199 --> 00:49:32,559
big it was, well you can
also be worried about the fact that we

628
00:49:32,559 --> 00:49:37,199
didn't see it until it was already
in here and practically passing over us.

629
00:49:37,320 --> 00:49:43,920
That's when it was found. The
thing is, many of these asteroids have

630
00:49:44,039 --> 00:49:49,719
been seen before, they've been cataloged
before, but their orbits had not been

631
00:49:49,920 --> 00:49:54,920
determined fully. But between nine and
twenty feet for this asteroid not a threat

632
00:49:54,960 --> 00:49:58,400
to us. I mean, something
like that would burn up in the atmosphere,

633
00:49:58,960 --> 00:50:02,280
you know, so not a problem. But and to our credit,

634
00:50:04,360 --> 00:50:07,719
we do find some of the bigger
ones, right, But there are ways,

635
00:50:07,199 --> 00:50:12,440
and you know, there are ways, for instance, to avoid an

636
00:50:12,480 --> 00:50:15,840
asteroid strike. Let's say let's say
that we did find that there was an

637
00:50:15,840 --> 00:50:22,679
asteroid it was going to strike us, and let's say that we wanted to

638
00:50:22,800 --> 00:50:28,760
make sure it didn't happen. Well, NASA certainly does track these objects that

639
00:50:28,800 --> 00:50:31,599
are dangerous, right, and they
keep a list. It's called the Centry

640
00:50:31,639 --> 00:50:37,559
list, you know, centry se
n t r Y, And the Centry

641
00:50:37,559 --> 00:50:43,840
list has these dangerous, potential dangerous
objects on them until the orbits can be

642
00:50:43,840 --> 00:50:49,079
calculated and we can tell whether it's
ever gonna orbit orbit orbit, and then

643
00:50:49,159 --> 00:50:52,239
pow. If it's never gonna hit
us, and we see that it's not

644
00:50:52,280 --> 00:50:54,960
going to hit us, it is
taken off the list. But if it's

645
00:50:54,960 --> 00:50:59,559
going to hit us, that would
be a problem. So far, there's

646
00:50:59,559 --> 00:51:05,480
no no asteroids on the list that
are going to hit us. And so

647
00:51:05,559 --> 00:51:09,119
every object that's found, it's gonna
go on like a list and until its

648
00:51:09,320 --> 00:51:14,000
orbital elements are found. And one
of those those are just the parameters which

649
00:51:14,079 --> 00:51:16,320
tell us what kind of an orbit
it has. Most likely it's going to

650
00:51:16,360 --> 00:51:22,280
be an elliptical orbit. Sometimes on
these really really highly elliptical orbits, you

651
00:51:22,320 --> 00:51:24,440
know, where it goes faster at
the ends like this and then slow in

652
00:51:24,440 --> 00:51:30,920
the middle around the gravitational Park,
you know, and those types of objects

653
00:51:30,920 --> 00:51:38,480
when they are when they're coming toward
us. Sometimes we only catch them a

654
00:51:38,480 --> 00:51:44,159
little by the time we might see
one or two shots of it captured on

655
00:51:44,199 --> 00:51:50,760
a survey somewhere. Mount Lemon does
surveys. The ATLAS telescope in amount of

656
00:51:50,800 --> 00:51:57,559
Chaia does surveys. ATLAS stands for
Asteroid Terrestrial Impact Last Alert System, and

657
00:51:58,119 --> 00:52:02,480
that that particular sular set of telescopes
find things like comets. In fact,

658
00:52:02,480 --> 00:52:08,119
in skytro a live stream, the
the companion stream to the radio show on

659
00:52:08,199 --> 00:52:13,840
KJR a skytro a live stream in
our observatory, we actually show people live

660
00:52:14,000 --> 00:52:15,840
at night. We showed them the
commet, and we show them things moving

661
00:52:15,840 --> 00:52:22,440
through the sky. We watched an
asteroid moving through the field of view just

662
00:52:22,559 --> 00:52:25,480
a few nights ago, and people
watched it and we talked about it,

663
00:52:25,519 --> 00:52:30,159
and you know, I told people
all about it and asked they had questions,

664
00:52:30,159 --> 00:52:34,760
and so you know, these nearer
objects, okay, are just a

665
00:52:34,960 --> 00:52:42,559
fascinating pile of rocks that are potentially
dangerous to us. Now, should they

666
00:52:42,719 --> 00:52:46,679
have something happen to them, say
they collide, Well that that think that

667
00:52:46,679 --> 00:52:52,920
that thing could actually end up being
having its orbit changed into a dangerous spot.

668
00:52:52,400 --> 00:52:59,199
So we have to have a way
of getting rid of asteroids that are

669
00:52:59,199 --> 00:53:01,039
going to be a threat to us, and there's a few ways to do

670
00:53:01,119 --> 00:53:07,400
that. One of the ways is
you've heard this, I'm sure, launch

671
00:53:07,400 --> 00:53:12,599
a nuclear weapon at an asteroid and
you know, hit it and then blow

672
00:53:12,639 --> 00:53:19,079
it to pieces. Well, not
a totally good idea, but not a

673
00:53:19,159 --> 00:53:22,519
terrible idea either, if the alternative
is for this giant rock to hit the

674
00:53:22,519 --> 00:53:28,559
Earth. But we have to understand
something else about some asteroids like Benu,

675
00:53:29,000 --> 00:53:34,400
okay b Nnu, like asteroid Benu. Asteroid Benu is more of a rubble

676
00:53:34,519 --> 00:53:39,000
pile held together by its mutual gravity, and if you were going to strike

677
00:53:39,079 --> 00:53:45,000
it, it would just blow this
rubble out into all different directions, and

678
00:53:45,039 --> 00:53:50,599
that rubble going in all different directions
could end up striking the Earth with not

679
00:53:50,679 --> 00:53:55,119
just one asteroid object, but with
one hundred thousand objects that might actually be

680
00:53:55,360 --> 00:54:00,360
you know, or more that might
actually heat up the atmosphere, cause fires

681
00:54:00,360 --> 00:54:05,440
all over the world, and send
us right down the path of another extinction.

682
00:54:06,360 --> 00:54:08,519
So we have to be careful.
So a nuclear weapon fired at an

683
00:54:08,519 --> 00:54:19,679
asteroid not the best idea. Another
possibility is a nuclear weapon fired near an

684
00:54:19,719 --> 00:54:28,480
asteroid and letting the pressure of the
radiation pushed to nudge the asteroid. Not

685
00:54:28,599 --> 00:54:35,159
as good as the third option,
which is to actually land on the asteroid

686
00:54:35,159 --> 00:54:40,159
with a little tiny rocket nozzle and
use the asteroid's regularith or soil to make

687
00:54:40,199 --> 00:54:45,320
your own fuel. You bring some
with you and then fire the rocket and

688
00:54:45,400 --> 00:54:49,800
keep firing it for like ten years, and little by little what that'll do

689
00:54:49,960 --> 00:54:53,840
is that'll nudge the asteroid off its
course just enough so that when it comes

690
00:54:53,880 --> 00:54:59,840
in it's gonna miss the Earth and
not hit the Earth. So the nudging

691
00:55:00,400 --> 00:55:07,440
process is something that's probably you use
that if you had access to the data

692
00:55:07,480 --> 00:55:13,639
to show that this asteroid was out
there. You know, well that is

693
00:55:13,719 --> 00:55:16,360
really really interesting. Yeah, I've
heard it a couple of different theories of

694
00:55:17,119 --> 00:55:23,000
you know, how you can kind
of through gravitational ways just move something off

695
00:55:23,039 --> 00:55:27,199
its track just enough. Now,
we have a ton of questions for you.

696
00:55:27,239 --> 00:55:31,519
They're coming in from all different sources
from Amanda's helping out. And that's

697
00:55:31,840 --> 00:55:36,400
Amanda, my co host. Yes, that's right, Hello, Amanda,

698
00:55:36,639 --> 00:55:39,239
Thank you so much. But I
told someone way back that I would hold

699
00:55:39,320 --> 00:55:42,840
I'm going to hold their question because
it has to do with the UFOs,

700
00:55:43,280 --> 00:55:45,719
And for right now, I'm just
going to ask a couple of these,

701
00:55:45,199 --> 00:55:50,400
and one of them is I think
it's an interesting question. Is it likely

702
00:55:50,480 --> 00:55:57,679
that black holes are permanent? And
can they create wormholes? So I'm combining

703
00:55:57,719 --> 00:56:01,559
two questions. Yeah, no,
that's that's okay. Um, black holes

704
00:56:01,800 --> 00:56:06,599
are not permanent. Uh. They
they evaporate. Uh. Now, the

705
00:56:06,719 --> 00:56:10,920
smaller mass they are, the sooner
they will evaporate. But a very large

706
00:56:10,920 --> 00:56:14,960
black holes like the one in the
center of our galaxy, which is a

707
00:56:14,960 --> 00:56:22,760
supermassive black hole, a black hole
like that, although it's uh, although

708
00:56:22,800 --> 00:56:28,920
it's evaporating as well, it's also
gaining more mass too, with interactions potentially

709
00:56:28,960 --> 00:56:34,599
with gas and dust near the center
and possibly other stars us as these stars

710
00:56:34,639 --> 00:56:38,719
passed by. Uh. And that
central black hole is called the Sagittarius a

711
00:56:39,159 --> 00:56:45,519
super noo I'm sorry, a supermassive
black hole. And in that particular black

712
00:56:45,519 --> 00:56:49,599
hole, we've actually done a ten
year study, I say we the astronomers

713
00:56:49,639 --> 00:56:52,599
that study did the research that did
a ten year study, and you can

714
00:56:52,639 --> 00:56:58,079
actually see the orbits of the stars. You see them orbiting going around this

715
00:56:58,159 --> 00:57:00,360
thing. That's that's that's like,
you don't even know what it is,

716
00:57:00,400 --> 00:57:06,000
you know, because there's nothing there, but they're orbiting it. And we're

717
00:57:06,079 --> 00:57:12,440
literally seeing stars circling around and orbiting
the supermassive black hole at the center of

718
00:57:12,440 --> 00:57:17,079
our galaxy. It's really incredible.
So so the black holes do evaporate,

719
00:57:17,199 --> 00:57:22,800
but if they're gaining mass by you
know, leaching off of nearby objects and

720
00:57:22,880 --> 00:57:28,320
stars, well then that's gonna really
obviously short Lengthen the time it helps be

721
00:57:28,360 --> 00:57:31,880
around, they're gonna evaporation is gonna
take a lot longer. So black holes

722
00:57:31,920 --> 00:57:37,719
aren't permanent. Very interesting, let's
see, Kevin wanted to know why won't

723
00:57:37,800 --> 00:57:45,280
our space agencies release or even use
high res images for civilians. U LA

724
00:57:45,480 --> 00:57:52,920
launches gun camera videos that type of
stuff. Well, actually, Google Earth

725
00:57:52,039 --> 00:57:57,599
used to have all high res when
you looked at it way in the beginning,

726
00:57:57,880 --> 00:58:01,280
you could zoom in on a Google
Earth image and the image was pristine.

727
00:58:01,360 --> 00:58:07,119
I mean we're talking full resolution.
But then as Google Earth grew,

728
00:58:08,239 --> 00:58:10,920
they ran into another problem. And
the problem had nothing to do with the

729
00:58:12,000 --> 00:58:15,159
NSA, nothing to do with NASA, and nothing to do with governments anywhere.

730
00:58:15,760 --> 00:58:21,159
It had to do with computer storage
space they had to worry about how

731
00:58:21,239 --> 00:58:28,880
much memory many say this way disk
space on these big servers were being taken

732
00:58:28,960 --> 00:58:32,519
up. And then they had to
worry about access times and speed of access

733
00:58:32,519 --> 00:58:37,480
of the data. When you had
not just thousands of people looking at the

734
00:58:37,559 --> 00:58:42,800
data at the same time, but
then hundreds of millions looking at the data.

735
00:58:42,920 --> 00:58:51,320
Companies utilizing the data every day into
the tune of millions and millions billions

736
00:58:51,320 --> 00:58:55,639
of terror bytes of data potentially in
a short amount of time. Now,

737
00:58:57,320 --> 00:59:02,000
the data pipeline to get all that
data out to you the civilian is gonna

738
00:59:02,039 --> 00:59:07,440
take forever. So in order to
streamline and keep it a viable product,

739
00:59:07,480 --> 00:59:14,039
they had to reduce the resolution.
Now, one area where you can go

740
00:59:14,199 --> 00:59:17,840
to see the full resolution data is
actually not of the Earth, but it's

741
00:59:17,840 --> 00:59:23,760
actually of the Moon, okay,
And I can teach you that. That

742
00:59:23,960 --> 00:59:30,440
is the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter data set. And you find that by looking up

743
00:59:30,440 --> 00:59:38,679
in Google Tara. Look up l
r O quick map, l r O

744
00:59:38,679 --> 00:59:45,480
Okay, Lima Romeo Oscar, l
R quick map. All right, just

745
00:59:45,840 --> 00:59:50,480
quick map, and when you get
there, you go in and now you're

746
00:59:50,480 --> 00:59:53,079
free to zoom in on the Moon
all the way down to being able to

747
00:59:53,119 --> 00:59:59,440
see things about fifteen to twenty five
feet across, and that's really cool.

748
00:59:59,440 --> 01:00:01,440
Now they'll be stripes of areas,
there'll be stripes of areas that are not

749
01:00:01,639 --> 01:00:06,039
in yet, but from most of
the Moon you can see it. Which

750
01:00:06,079 --> 01:00:09,960
is why talking about the UFO subject
a little bit, which is why I

751
01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:15,119
feel strongly that if there's intelligent life
out there and that they have found that's

752
01:00:15,119 --> 01:00:21,760
which I believe they have, that
they will be in our oceans and not

753
01:00:22,400 --> 01:00:25,280
hiding on our moon trying to look
at us from say the far side.

754
01:00:25,519 --> 01:00:29,519
We have the far side locked up. You know this, This three D

755
01:00:29,599 --> 01:00:32,159
print of the Moon I have here
has every single crater on the far side

756
01:00:32,280 --> 01:00:38,400
in ultra detail, and the actual
digital model shows many more details that the

757
01:00:38,519 --> 01:00:43,960
three D print can't even show.
And the LRO quickmap will show you all

758
01:00:44,000 --> 01:00:47,880
those details down to about twenty five
feet across on the far side, everywhere

759
01:00:47,880 --> 01:00:51,920
on the moon. So if you're
an alien species, you're gonna look at

760
01:00:51,920 --> 01:00:53,599
the Moon and say, yeah,
well, they they got a lot of

761
01:00:53,639 --> 01:00:58,519
ships orbiting this thing. Let let's
do something else, I know, Let's

762
01:00:58,519 --> 01:01:01,679
go where they are not well,
where aren't they? And this tourg again,

763
01:01:01,719 --> 01:01:05,800
that darned Tord. He shows up
everywhere. Torg says, well,

764
01:01:05,800 --> 01:01:07,719
we're not in the oceans. I
mean they go up and down in the

765
01:01:07,719 --> 01:01:12,199
oceans, and they have submarine thingies
which kind of go a little bit into

766
01:01:12,199 --> 01:01:15,119
the ocean, but not far.
Okay, if the ocean is this deep,

767
01:01:15,159 --> 01:01:16,159
you know, they're only about that
deep, you know. And so

768
01:01:16,199 --> 01:01:20,280
we can be down here somewhere,
and we can hide in the oceans.

769
01:01:20,719 --> 01:01:23,559
And that's exactly what I think they've
done. I think if they're here,

770
01:01:23,599 --> 01:01:28,039
they're going to be in the oceans. And this kind of goes along with

771
01:01:28,039 --> 01:01:32,760
one of the legend from the Kimberley
region of Australia from like five thousand years

772
01:01:32,800 --> 01:01:37,159
ago or so. I think it's
the Wagina. The Wagena were a people

773
01:01:37,239 --> 01:01:42,719
that came from the stars, lived
under the waves, unto the ocean,

774
01:01:43,079 --> 01:01:47,480
and had mastery of the water.
And uh, there's a myth that is

775
01:01:47,519 --> 01:01:51,920
only myth because there's no proof.
Obviously, there's a myth that says that

776
01:01:52,000 --> 01:02:00,280
two boys were torturing an owl and
in retribution, the Wagena flooded the lands

777
01:02:00,280 --> 01:02:02,599
and sent the tsunami to their lands. Now that could just be a tsunami

778
01:02:02,719 --> 01:02:07,800
story that was you know, embellished
or whatever, or if you look at

779
01:02:07,840 --> 01:02:13,920
it carefully tortured an owl. Well, if you put a gray alien next

780
01:02:13,920 --> 01:02:17,679
to you, certain types of owls, they kind of look similar. So

781
01:02:17,760 --> 01:02:22,039
the owl could be what would be
called a screen memory, and the alien

782
01:02:22,079 --> 01:02:28,039
creature, okay, would be masked
by this screen memory potentially. I mean,

783
01:02:28,280 --> 01:02:31,000
I'm not saying that that's what happened, but I'm saying it's possible,

784
01:02:31,559 --> 01:02:38,440
and it's kind of an interesting myth
actually. So they would still hide in

785
01:02:38,440 --> 01:02:43,199
our oasts, I believe. Yeah, and you, I don't know if

786
01:02:43,239 --> 01:02:46,159
i'll have time tonight, but you
can tell a little story about the incident

787
01:02:46,199 --> 01:02:50,360
you had on the submarine who If
we have to time, we'll hit that.

788
01:02:50,440 --> 01:02:53,280
But I got asked this question a
long time ago in the chat room,

789
01:02:53,320 --> 01:02:58,119
and again, we're gonna be taking
calls in about twenty twenty five minutes

790
01:02:58,199 --> 01:03:05,639
or so. The l GEO the
laser interferometer Gravitational way of Observatory. I

791
01:03:05,719 --> 01:03:10,000
guess it's operated by cal Tech and
MT There's someone in the chat that said

792
01:03:10,639 --> 01:03:17,320
that that should be able to detect
UFOs coming in and out of our system

793
01:03:15,920 --> 01:03:22,719
our atmosphere. Do you know anything
about that? You know, here's the

794
01:03:22,719 --> 01:03:28,360
thing with Lego. Okay, there's
several Lego detectors. There's one in Hanford,

795
01:03:29,159 --> 01:03:35,159
Washington, there's one in Louisiana.
And there's a complementary instrument called Virgo

796
01:03:35,280 --> 01:03:40,800
in Italy. These three instruments rely
on light that's coming to us, the

797
01:03:40,840 --> 01:03:45,280
high energy light, and timing the
difference in time that it takes the light

798
01:03:45,320 --> 01:03:51,360
to reach these different facilities. And
within each instrument we can calculate where this

799
01:03:51,639 --> 01:03:59,280
energy pulse we see is coming from. Now, the Lego detectors would have

800
01:03:59,360 --> 01:04:03,320
to be working in concert to see
a source. You know, if one

801
01:04:03,400 --> 01:04:08,800
Lego detector detects it, then that
makes it problematic. That's one observation.

802
01:04:09,440 --> 01:04:13,199
You have to have more than one
to be able to figure out where it's

803
01:04:13,239 --> 01:04:18,159
coming from because of the time differential
and also something called dispersion. Too much

804
01:04:18,159 --> 01:04:21,440
to get into here about that,
I think, but suffice it to say

805
01:04:21,480 --> 01:04:26,199
that I don't think logo would be
sufficient. I think you could get away

806
01:04:26,360 --> 01:04:31,039
literally no, lie, one of
these. This is an iPhone. You

807
01:04:31,119 --> 01:04:38,280
might have heard of these, and
the iPhones actually can detect gamma raise and

808
01:04:38,400 --> 01:04:42,000
you can actually if you cover up
your camera, you can actually get a

809
01:04:42,000 --> 01:04:45,079
gamma ray detection application. And I
don't know how accurate it is, it

810
01:04:45,119 --> 01:04:49,960
seems like it does work. I
did try this, and if we can

811
01:04:50,000 --> 01:04:57,400
detect gamma raise, then then we're
looking at a potential incursion into our airspace.

812
01:04:57,639 --> 01:05:01,880
It's a very localized thing, you
know. So we like I work,

813
01:05:01,960 --> 01:05:05,159
as you know, with Douglas Trumbull, who is the guy that did

814
01:05:05,159 --> 01:05:10,039
the special effects for A close and
Concerts of the third kind Blade Runner two

815
01:05:10,079 --> 01:05:14,360
thousand one of Space Odyssey. In
fact, so the man is a genius

816
01:05:14,440 --> 01:05:19,519
Academy Award winning visual effects guy,
but he's also a scientist in hiding.

817
01:05:19,599 --> 01:05:25,199
He wants to find the answer to
the UFO conundrum. And so we came

818
01:05:25,239 --> 01:05:28,320
together on that basis and then discovered
that, hey, you have a special

819
01:05:28,360 --> 01:05:30,639
effects business. Yeah I do,
He goes, well, and you need

820
01:05:30,679 --> 01:05:32,519
to work with us, and we've
got all kinds of things to do,

821
01:05:32,880 --> 01:05:36,679
and where we've been. We've been
talking several times today already because we're working

822
01:05:36,679 --> 01:05:41,920
on a movie on Nicola Tesla and
we're going to be creating some really cool

823
01:05:42,000 --> 01:05:46,760
visual effects stuff to to shoot.
So but that says he Doug and I

824
01:05:46,800 --> 01:05:53,840
have started a project that was originally
called Euphotog two, and it's a methodology

825
01:05:53,880 --> 01:06:00,719
to find incursion into our airspace by
extraterrestrial species and intelligent species, if you

826
01:06:00,760 --> 01:06:06,039
will, and using instrumentation, so
beyond it'll be beyond, for instance,

827
01:06:06,079 --> 01:06:11,960
the subjective view of a person watching
with their eyes or was saying wow,

828
01:06:12,079 --> 01:06:15,400
look at that with their cell phone
camera, and it will actually take it

829
01:06:15,440 --> 01:06:21,039
to the scientific level where it's just
data and now you you can interpret that

830
01:06:21,119 --> 01:06:25,559
data anyway you want. But it's
not going to be just one instrument.

831
01:06:25,599 --> 01:06:30,840
It's gonna be like five different instruments
that are sensing the sky. Spectrometers,

832
01:06:30,239 --> 01:06:36,760
okay, deciphering signals coming from the
sky to see if these are transponders from

833
01:06:36,760 --> 01:06:42,559
aircraft or something else, Listening for
gamma rays, looking for other types of

834
01:06:42,639 --> 01:06:46,960
radiation in all together, for one
observation of one object scene in the sky.

835
01:06:47,039 --> 01:06:50,800
If that one object has you know, some of these traits, then

836
01:06:50,840 --> 01:06:55,599
we say, hey, that's pretty
cool. And does it mean that's an

837
01:06:55,599 --> 01:07:00,360
alien spaceship. No, it could
be something else. But we're going to

838
01:07:00,400 --> 01:07:03,280
deploy these things in tryads triangles,
equilateral triangles. So we'll be able to

839
01:07:03,480 --> 01:07:06,440
have one talk to another and then
talk to another and say, hey,

840
01:07:06,800 --> 01:07:10,400
between you three, did you see
this thing up in the sky. If

841
01:07:10,440 --> 01:07:14,199
they say yes, then we know
that the thing was far up in the

842
01:07:14,199 --> 01:07:15,840
sky. But if they say no
and only one st then we know it

843
01:07:15,920 --> 01:07:20,119
was local down low and we can't
triangulate a distance or anything. But if

844
01:07:20,280 --> 01:07:24,840
only two of them see it,
then we'll be able to triangulate how fast,

845
01:07:24,960 --> 01:07:28,239
how high, and etc. Which
way it was going we can get

846
01:07:28,280 --> 01:07:31,119
but we can't get a lot of
data that we would need. But they're

847
01:07:31,159 --> 01:07:34,079
all going to be listening with these
different instruments on each of these we call

848
01:07:34,119 --> 01:07:39,880
them platters, And you've talked to
is. Now we renamed it because when

849
01:07:39,880 --> 01:07:43,119
you had the word UFO in the
name, no one wants to fund you,

850
01:07:43,280 --> 01:07:49,360
man, So we're calling it the
Aerial Anomaly Detection System. Ah,

851
01:07:49,360 --> 01:07:55,920
I didn't know you even changed that. Yes, I remember I had someone

852
01:07:56,000 --> 01:07:59,639
not did not want to show up
on my show because it had the word

853
01:07:59,679 --> 01:08:02,800
uf in it, but up was
okay. Yeah, you know, and

854
01:08:02,840 --> 01:08:08,280
maybe we could say UAP detective or
something like that, but you know what

855
01:08:08,880 --> 01:08:13,000
um aerial Nominally he's kind of a
cool, Yeah, kind of cool.

856
01:08:13,079 --> 01:08:15,800
But you know, I hate to
say it, but you know what,

857
01:08:15,119 --> 01:08:18,920
to get funding for these things,
you have to be as much a marketing

858
01:08:18,920 --> 01:08:24,760
guy as a scientist. You know, you really have to know about marketing.

859
01:08:25,439 --> 01:08:28,560
Yeah, it's kind of hard to
make that, you know, to

860
01:08:28,640 --> 01:08:31,880
make the two work together, you
know, So Doug and we're trying to

861
01:08:31,880 --> 01:08:35,119
do the science and we need another
guy to do the marketing, or another

862
01:08:35,159 --> 01:08:39,039
person, another human being of any
kind. Well, we have a lot

863
01:08:39,119 --> 01:08:42,720
of non UFO questions in the chat, both chat and again I'll remind everyone,

864
01:08:43,119 --> 01:08:45,000
and just about fifteen minutes or so, we're going to open up the

865
01:08:45,039 --> 01:08:50,439
lines. But I want us just
say on the UFO topic for just a

866
01:08:50,479 --> 01:08:58,279
couple of minutes, and what do
you think it would be a place to

867
01:08:58,319 --> 01:09:01,239
set something up like that instrument?
I mean, because it's such a fleeting

868
01:09:02,039 --> 01:09:08,359
you know, this UFO. You
know, you may see one in Arizona

869
01:09:08,600 --> 01:09:12,760
one time, and then you know
someone sees one in another state or whatever,

870
01:09:12,760 --> 01:09:15,279
another country. Us just a fleeting
thing. It's very hard to know

871
01:09:15,279 --> 01:09:17,920
where to set something up. How
much of a range would something like this

872
01:09:18,039 --> 01:09:24,199
have, Well, it would have
the range of the entire visible sky in

873
01:09:24,239 --> 01:09:28,479
all directions, you know. Uh, so if that if it's sitting on

874
01:09:28,479 --> 01:09:32,600
a mountaintop, it has a slightly
higher uh you know distance that it can

875
01:09:32,640 --> 01:09:35,880
look. Uh, if it's in
the valley, it's going to have much

876
01:09:35,960 --> 01:09:40,800
less. Um. But they can
go anywhere. Um. We actually I

877
01:09:40,880 --> 01:09:44,359
designed one for the ocean too,
and it would actually float on a bomber

878
01:09:44,960 --> 01:09:47,960
and the action of moving up and
down would actually charge its batteries. It

879
01:09:48,000 --> 01:09:53,279
would let wave action charge the batteries
on board. Um. And uh,

880
01:09:53,680 --> 01:09:58,239
that one is that one's for the
you know later. We want to get

881
01:09:58,239 --> 01:10:00,800
the land version done first. But
I think you know, the one in

882
01:10:00,840 --> 01:10:03,279
the water is not going to look
up at all. It's gonna look down.

883
01:10:04,439 --> 01:10:08,159
Yeah, it's gonna look down.
So we're gonna plant one. I'd

884
01:10:08,159 --> 01:10:14,119
like to see one planted over some
of the deeper water and see what we

885
01:10:14,159 --> 01:10:17,199
can find, because you know,
if we see a strange signal coming from

886
01:10:17,239 --> 01:10:23,960
deep under the water and we know
that it's not like a US submarine or

887
01:10:24,000 --> 01:10:29,479
something, and it may very well
be something else might be a interloper into

888
01:10:29,479 --> 01:10:34,319
our atmosphere. Well, while we're
on this topic, just quickly, for

889
01:10:34,359 --> 01:10:39,479
the person that's never heard the story, if you can kind of do it

890
01:10:39,520 --> 01:10:45,239
in a condensed way. You're submarine
and count the yeah. Sure. And

891
01:10:45,319 --> 01:10:47,439
you know, the nice thing is, you know, most people who know

892
01:10:47,520 --> 01:10:49,479
me know that I do a lot
of work for the Navy. In fact,

893
01:10:49,479 --> 01:10:54,079
I've got that little thing right there
you're seeing right here over here.

894
01:10:54,119 --> 01:10:58,520
This is a submarine model that I'm
actually building for them right now. And

895
01:10:58,560 --> 01:11:00,920
I just sent out a ten foot
one a little while ago, you know,

896
01:11:01,000 --> 01:11:04,399
So we do a lot of work
for the Navy, so as such,

897
01:11:04,439 --> 01:11:09,279
sometimes you get opportunities. I had
an opportunity to want to sub and

898
01:11:10,560 --> 01:11:14,680
I went for this ride on the
sub if you want to call that,

899
01:11:15,560 --> 01:11:19,680
and it was really kind of cool. It was the most funny had getting

900
01:11:19,720 --> 01:11:25,920
c sick, to be honest,
because submarines are actually you know, there's

901
01:11:26,000 --> 01:11:30,840
cylinders. Okay, there's cylinders,
and they rock and roll on the surface,

902
01:11:30,920 --> 01:11:34,000
but underwater, you don't know they're
moving. However you feel right now

903
01:11:34,079 --> 01:11:38,119
in your homes or in your place
of business, as long you're not driving

904
01:11:38,119 --> 01:11:43,319
in your car the way the way
you feel now, you can barely detect

905
01:11:43,359 --> 01:11:45,720
any emotion. That's what it feels
like. Underwater, you don't know.

906
01:11:46,720 --> 01:11:50,319
But to get to where we were
going. Before we went underwater, we

907
01:11:50,399 --> 01:11:54,560
actually were rocking and rolling for quite
a while. So I got sick.

908
01:11:55,720 --> 01:11:58,960
I didn't get sick sick, but
I got sick enough that I had to

909
01:11:59,000 --> 01:12:01,680
go sit in the side area off
the control room, which was called the

910
01:12:01,760 --> 01:12:05,520
sonar shack. And I was sitting
next to a kid in the sonar and

911
01:12:05,720 --> 01:12:13,119
to make a long story short,
he basically said that there was something on

912
01:12:13,199 --> 01:12:16,319
the sonar and he called the executive
officer over. The executive officer looked at

913
01:12:16,359 --> 01:12:20,640
it and said, you know a
few things like the burying the range,

914
01:12:21,640 --> 01:12:25,399
And then he looked at it and
said, well, how fast was that

915
01:12:25,520 --> 01:12:29,359
movement? And the kid was incredulous
because he had never seen anything like this

916
01:12:29,479 --> 01:12:33,560
before his first time. He was
a fast mover virgin, if you want

917
01:12:33,600 --> 01:12:36,239
to call that. Okay, he'd
never seen these things. I hadn't either,

918
01:12:36,920 --> 01:12:40,560
and I thought that it was a
torpedo, and I thought I was

919
01:12:40,600 --> 01:12:45,840
going to die because I accepted a
ride on a submarine. And the kid

920
01:12:45,960 --> 01:12:53,439
turned to him and said, several
hundred knots. So in English, several

921
01:12:53,720 --> 01:13:01,840
hundred knots that means several hundred miles
an hour under water, Okay, That

922
01:13:01,920 --> 01:13:06,720
perked my That perked me up.
So um, the kid didn't know what

923
01:13:06,800 --> 01:13:09,760
to do with it, because the
sonar operators is supposed to be able to

924
01:13:09,760 --> 01:13:12,840
classify everything they see, but how
do you classify that? Well, there's

925
01:13:12,880 --> 01:13:15,840
no way. So what did he
do? He kind of goes like this,

926
01:13:16,239 --> 01:13:18,720
like like I couldn't see his face. He's turned away from me,

927
01:13:18,760 --> 01:13:24,840
and the XO was on whose face
I could see, And the XO just

928
01:13:25,159 --> 01:13:29,520
told him, okay, log it
and dog it, and the kids said

929
01:13:29,560 --> 01:13:30,600
sir, yes, sir. And
I was like, what what? What?

930
01:13:31,279 --> 01:13:33,439
And I got up and went over
to the XO and I said,

931
01:13:33,720 --> 01:13:39,000
XO, I'm kind of familiar with
these fast movers. Is is there anything

932
01:13:39,039 --> 01:13:41,319
I can help you with in this? He looks at me, he goes,

933
01:13:42,079 --> 01:13:45,039
mister D'Antonio. Yeah, I go
yeah. He says, you're having

934
01:13:45,039 --> 01:13:45,800
a good trip so far, Yes, sir, I am, He goes,

935
01:13:46,000 --> 01:13:50,880
let's keep it that way. And
that was that, not to be

936
01:13:51,039 --> 01:13:56,119
mentioned ever again. But several years
later I had to do a job for

937
01:13:56,239 --> 01:13:59,600
the Joint Chiefs. All right,
and people know the Joint Chiefs, you

938
01:13:59,640 --> 01:14:00,680
know, the report to the President
of the United States. Well, I

939
01:14:00,760 --> 01:14:04,840
had to do a job for the
joint Cheese and I brought this job down

940
01:14:04,960 --> 01:14:11,560
to one of the chiefs, and
the chief and I were sitting alone,

941
01:14:12,119 --> 01:14:15,760
and I said to him, probably
shouldn't have. I had the words going

942
01:14:15,800 --> 01:14:16,840
through my head and everything, don't
say it, don't say it, don't

943
01:14:16,840 --> 01:14:19,039
say it. And while I'm thinking
saying that, the words come out,

944
01:14:19,439 --> 01:14:24,760
well, can't tell me anything about
the fast mover program. And I'm thinking,

945
01:14:24,800 --> 01:14:27,119
oh, I can't believe I just
asked that because they called it a

946
01:14:27,119 --> 01:14:34,000
fast mover on the boat and the
the the kid, uh, I'm sorry.

947
01:14:34,000 --> 01:14:39,039
The the the guy said to me. What he could have said was

948
01:14:39,199 --> 01:14:43,199
I don't know what that is.
What's that? You know? In retrospect,

949
01:14:43,279 --> 01:14:45,840
maybe he should have he could have
said never heard of it. Maybe

950
01:14:45,840 --> 01:14:49,159
he should have instead he said,
oh, I can't talk about that program.

951
01:14:49,199 --> 01:14:57,239
I'm sorry. I drove back from
Washington like this bridge, you know,

952
01:14:57,560 --> 01:15:00,600
wow, wow, oh car,
I mean was like hardly paying attention.

953
01:15:01,359 --> 01:15:05,439
I was so pumped up by that
because that told me that the US

954
01:15:05,520 --> 01:15:11,119
Navy is seeing things they don't understand. And then just a few weeks ago,

955
01:15:11,199 --> 01:15:16,079
I happened to cross an article from
the US Patent Topics that talked about

956
01:15:16,159 --> 01:15:24,880
granting the US Navy patents on hypersonic
underwater and aerial vehicles. Yeah, m

957
01:15:26,960 --> 01:15:31,520
related. Is it possible that it
was around when I went on board the

958
01:15:31,560 --> 01:15:34,800
sub? What year was that?
I can't talk about the year, but

959
01:15:34,840 --> 01:15:39,239
I can tell you it was decades
ago. Oh well, really you have

960
01:15:39,359 --> 01:15:45,199
to keep everything like that in this
particular case, and well before this technology

961
01:15:45,520 --> 01:15:51,960
should have existed. See, so
you tell me what it means. Did

962
01:15:53,039 --> 01:15:56,479
they reverse engineer or something? Oh? I'd love to know, wouldn't you?

963
01:15:58,600 --> 01:16:00,880
That would be really something like you
would? I know you. I

964
01:16:00,920 --> 01:16:06,439
can see it. I can see
my webcam. Sorry, there are there's

965
01:16:06,439 --> 01:16:14,039
so many questions here. How would
you detect a vehicle that manipulates manipulates gravity

966
01:16:14,119 --> 01:16:18,479
to operate outside the local space time? That's an interesting question. I think

967
01:16:18,560 --> 01:16:23,840
that that for a vehicle to do
that, to manipulate gravity, requires huge

968
01:16:23,880 --> 01:16:28,720
amounts of energy, and you cannot
mask the usage of energy. All right,

969
01:16:28,840 --> 01:16:30,439
You're just going to see this this, this whole where the energy should

970
01:16:30,439 --> 01:16:35,760
be, all right, effectively,
so to see that that that process is

971
01:16:35,880 --> 01:16:41,439
very likely going to release other types
of radiation in the process, all right,

972
01:16:42,039 --> 01:16:45,720
Among them might be hawking radiation,
which is notoriously difficult to detect and

973
01:16:46,159 --> 01:16:50,119
costly. However, an analog to
it is the gamma rays we talked about

974
01:16:50,119 --> 01:16:54,680
earlier. If we can see gamma
raise, it means that there's probably one

975
01:16:54,720 --> 01:16:58,720
of those technologies in play. So
if we have a localized event, say

976
01:16:58,720 --> 01:17:00,760
you see a light moving through the
sky right and all of a sudden it

977
01:17:00,840 --> 01:17:05,239
winks out and you get to burst
a gammerag on your detector when that happens,

978
01:17:06,479 --> 01:17:13,279
that is thus smoking gun. And
that's exactly what we're after with the

979
01:17:13,399 --> 01:17:15,920
aerial a nomaly system, and it's
what other people are trying to do as

980
01:17:15,960 --> 01:17:20,079
well. I encourage it. You
know, this isn't something where we're gonna

981
01:17:20,119 --> 01:17:24,159
circle our wagons around our data and
say it's mine. You have to pay

982
01:17:24,239 --> 01:17:26,560
to have it, you know,
Doug and I want the world to have

983
01:17:26,680 --> 01:17:30,760
it. This belongs to humanity,
It belongs to everybody, and if we're

984
01:17:30,800 --> 01:17:34,680
fortunate enough to be able to capture
this data, then we want to make

985
01:17:34,760 --> 01:17:40,199
sure that the world is fortunate fortunate
enough to actually see the data, and

986
01:17:40,359 --> 01:17:45,159
we would make that data freely available. So we're not looking to make a

987
01:17:45,720 --> 01:17:48,760
business out of it. We're not
looking to parlay it into a you know,

988
01:17:48,840 --> 01:17:54,359
a TV series or anything that we're
looking to get the data because we

989
01:17:54,439 --> 01:17:58,079
want to know the answers, and
if we get the answers, humanity should

990
01:17:58,119 --> 01:18:00,880
get the answers. Don't you agree? I agree? I agree. I

991
01:18:00,960 --> 01:18:05,119
think so. I think we're visited. I think we're being visited. It

992
01:18:05,439 --> 01:18:10,199
it seems to point that way,
you know, And there's just so many

993
01:18:11,000 --> 01:18:15,159
they're just so many things that are
totally unexplainable in any even any technology,

994
01:18:15,560 --> 01:18:19,640
especially when you look at the history
of UFOs going, you know, things

995
01:18:19,760 --> 01:18:23,880
doing what people are saying, oh, it's going to be you know,

996
01:18:25,079 --> 01:18:29,640
government secret aircraft or something like that, experimental, But they're talked about the

997
01:18:29,680 --> 01:18:33,359
same things happening forty five years ago
when that would have been impossible. I

998
01:18:33,520 --> 01:18:39,600
mean, what was seen on that
submarine at that time could very well have

999
01:18:39,760 --> 01:18:45,920
been a black project, but kind
of hard to believe that because the technology

1000
01:18:46,000 --> 01:18:51,800
back then, the science wasn't there
that we know. I agree, Well,

1001
01:18:51,840 --> 01:18:59,600
wouldn't wouldn't they not test something like
that without alerting a submarine? In

1002
01:18:59,720 --> 01:19:03,199
fact, I made that point a
couple days ago directly, I said,

1003
01:19:03,279 --> 01:19:06,439
yeah, they would, they would
unleash this on their cruise. When you

1004
01:19:06,479 --> 01:19:11,000
talked about the Nimitics incident, Okay, if that was a black project,

1005
01:19:11,239 --> 01:19:15,239
if that was a hypersonic vehicle being
tested from the patents, Okay, let's

1006
01:19:15,279 --> 01:19:19,199
say that was it. They wouldn't
tell the Nimits that they're going to be

1007
01:19:19,279 --> 01:19:23,439
doing testing of this vehicle. They're
just gonna send it out there and see

1008
01:19:23,479 --> 01:19:27,039
how the air crews react, See
if the air crewis can capture it,

1009
01:19:27,119 --> 01:19:29,239
see if the air crewis can lock
onto it, see if they can shoot

1010
01:19:29,279 --> 01:19:32,720
it down. They're gonna try all
those things. They're gonna see how viable

1011
01:19:33,159 --> 01:19:36,119
the technology is to use against an
adversary. And to do that, they

1012
01:19:36,239 --> 01:19:41,079
can't let on what they're doing to
anybody. Wow. And so they test

1013
01:19:41,119 --> 01:19:43,840
it with the greatest air cruise in
the world, and that's the American Air

1014
01:19:43,920 --> 01:19:47,239
Force in the air wings of the
air carriers. See. So I think

1015
01:19:47,279 --> 01:19:50,840
that those guys are probably the ones
that are gonna, you know, experience

1016
01:19:50,920 --> 01:19:55,399
these black projects, but not know
that's what they were, you know.

1017
01:19:55,520 --> 01:19:58,319
And I'm not saying that the Nimits
incident was that at all. I think

1018
01:19:58,359 --> 01:20:01,840
that there's there's plenty reason to believe
that that's not true. There was a

1019
01:20:01,920 --> 01:20:05,039
case where this tic tech object,
you know, Fraber said in the Nimits

1020
01:20:05,039 --> 01:20:09,239
and center. As you may some
of you may recall, this tic tech

1021
01:20:09,319 --> 01:20:12,800
object descended down toward the ocean surface, and when it descended towards the ocean

1022
01:20:12,920 --> 01:20:17,680
surface, a frothing on the ocean
uh began to arise. And then when

1023
01:20:17,760 --> 01:20:23,239
the tic TAC took off, that
frothing effect went away. Now, that

1024
01:20:23,319 --> 01:20:26,039
could be one of two things.
The technology this thing was using the fly

1025
01:20:26,439 --> 01:20:31,359
caused the frothing near the surface of
the water, or the frothing was caused

1026
01:20:31,399 --> 01:20:36,920
by another object underneath coming up and
they were doing some communicative thing. They

1027
01:20:36,960 --> 01:20:43,119
were talking to each other, doing
something. They'd have technology to to to

1028
01:20:44,479 --> 01:20:47,960
do that, I'm sure, but
water has a way. With electromagnetic signals.

1029
01:20:48,680 --> 01:20:51,520
You have to come up into a
shallow area. You can't send the

1030
01:20:51,600 --> 01:20:57,840
radio transmission from deep underwater. You
can't. You know, it doesn't work.

1031
01:20:58,640 --> 01:21:01,000
In fact, they were they were
lying on sonar and they would use

1032
01:21:01,159 --> 01:21:08,520
sonar microphones and tell us the sound
microphones, Okay, to actually communicate deep

1033
01:21:08,560 --> 01:21:11,960
in the ocean. They actually use
sound. They actually talk into a headset

1034
01:21:12,239 --> 01:21:15,159
and the headset communicates a sound wave
down through the ocean, which penetrates far

1035
01:21:15,279 --> 01:21:20,479
more than radar, for instance,
or any other kind of radiation that because

1036
01:21:20,760 --> 01:21:26,479
sound wave isn't radiation, you know, So that that kind of thing is

1037
01:21:28,119 --> 01:21:30,800
still I think a problem for us, but it's also likely going to be

1038
01:21:30,840 --> 01:21:34,800
a problem in general for other beings. So maybe they had to come up

1039
01:21:34,920 --> 01:21:39,119
to a shallow depth to be able
to communicate or discuss something, and then

1040
01:21:39,359 --> 01:21:44,039
they took off, And wouldn't that
thing on the under the water very likely

1041
01:21:44,119 --> 01:21:48,560
be the same type of thing that
we saw on the sub something that can

1042
01:21:48,600 --> 01:21:53,640
move several hundred knots underwater unimpeded,
like it's not even there. Yeah,

1043
01:21:53,720 --> 01:21:57,640
that's incredible. I mean, it's
a stunner. It's a lifetime stunner,

1044
01:21:57,640 --> 01:22:01,680
and it has been. Yeah,
I'm sure. I'm sure. Michael asked

1045
01:22:01,960 --> 01:22:09,800
about the laser induced plasma effects being
used by aircraft ships to create decoys.

1046
01:22:09,800 --> 01:22:13,479
I read about that the other day. It looked like a UFO, or

1047
01:22:13,600 --> 01:22:15,720
some people could report it as a
UFO, look like something like that.

1048
01:22:17,600 --> 01:22:24,159
Yeah, what was he asking about
it? Let's see, I guess he

1049
01:22:24,239 --> 01:22:28,039
wanted to know if you've heard about
it only in passing. I actually have

1050
01:22:28,239 --> 01:22:31,640
not you done that any research on
it? And I don't know a whole

1051
01:22:31,720 --> 01:22:35,880
lot about that. And are you
going back on the Discovery Show contact?

1052
01:22:38,079 --> 01:22:41,960
Oh, I don't know. I
mean, I they they haven't talked to

1053
01:22:42,000 --> 01:22:45,920
me about coming back. I know
I did the final episode of season one

1054
01:22:46,680 --> 01:22:49,279
with them and it was kind of
fun to meet Mike and Mike. You

1055
01:22:49,319 --> 01:22:54,039
know, they're great guys. You
know, one's a history you know,

1056
01:22:54,159 --> 01:22:59,479
one's a former Special Forces guy,
and the other one's a history professor or

1057
01:22:59,479 --> 01:23:06,239
a medieval history of medieval warfare professor. Wow. Yeah, really really nice

1058
01:23:06,279 --> 01:23:10,840
guys. Yeah, I'm opening up
the line since we've had so many people

1059
01:23:10,880 --> 01:23:15,319
ask questions. So you'll see that
number and YouTube, you'll see that number

1060
01:23:15,399 --> 01:23:18,159
up on your screen. It's eight
five five four seven two five four eighty

1061
01:23:18,199 --> 01:23:24,159
three and Bill will be standing by
to take your call. Eight five KGr

1062
01:23:24,159 --> 01:23:27,079
A live here you go. I
think you've said that a few times.

1063
01:23:27,399 --> 01:23:34,159
Yeah. So there's another one.
When you're saying the word they are you

1064
01:23:34,279 --> 01:23:40,800
talking about US? I don't know
if I don't know what this discussion was,

1065
01:23:40,920 --> 01:23:43,439
but they wanted to know if you're
talking about the Air Force of the

1066
01:23:43,520 --> 01:23:47,039
US Navy or another entity. Yes, Okay, that's clear now. No,

1067
01:23:47,199 --> 01:23:50,760
No, Actually, when I talk
about they, typically, when I

1068
01:23:50,800 --> 01:23:57,960
talk about day, I mean to
say potential extraterrestrial life. That's here.

1069
01:23:58,640 --> 01:24:00,840
If I'm talking about Navy, I'll
talk because I'll say Navy. If I

1070
01:24:00,840 --> 01:24:03,279
talk about air Force, I'll say
air Force. I don't typically use the

1071
01:24:03,439 --> 01:24:09,399
collective they with armed services because it
is important to differentiate between the two,

1072
01:24:09,840 --> 01:24:14,800
between the different types of services,
and my focus has always been really with

1073
01:24:14,880 --> 01:24:17,399
the Navy. I don't and have
never done a lot of work at all

1074
01:24:18,159 --> 01:24:21,119
for the Air Force. Never done
any work for the Army, although it

1075
01:24:21,239 --> 01:24:28,720
came close a few times I've worked
with I've worked with other agencies, but

1076
01:24:28,920 --> 01:24:33,279
not not the three letter agencies like
everybody thinks I did. And at one

1077
01:24:33,319 --> 01:24:38,920
point I was doing little projects for
some of those you know, ancillary agencies

1078
01:24:39,000 --> 01:24:45,840
tied to them. But I did. Actually I did deliver a briefing once

1079
01:24:45,880 --> 01:24:49,399
to the director of the CIA.
I gotta say that, and that sounds

1080
01:24:49,439 --> 01:24:53,199
pretty impressive. I know, you
know, I'm really something. I'm plugged

1081
01:24:53,239 --> 01:24:59,920
in. Except I was an intern
and I was in Washington during high school

1082
01:25:00,560 --> 01:25:03,920
and we drew Straws to see you
had to drive out to Langley. I

1083
01:25:03,960 --> 01:25:05,479
didn't want to do it. No
one wanted to do it. I got

1084
01:25:05,520 --> 01:25:10,439
the short straw. I had to
drivel Langley and delivered and I ended up

1085
01:25:10,479 --> 01:25:16,159
meeting with the associate associate deputy stand
in possible senior director as the guy that's

1086
01:25:16,199 --> 01:25:19,640
like on the chain but still has
a really impressive title. So I didn't

1087
01:25:19,640 --> 01:25:25,600
actually meet the director. Okay,
there's people in the UFO arena who say

1088
01:25:25,680 --> 01:25:28,720
they have the director of the CIA
on speed dial and all that, and

1089
01:25:28,800 --> 01:25:33,359
it's like, yeah, Okay,
I know who you're talking about. Yeah,

1090
01:25:33,680 --> 01:25:38,800
I don't know that that's entirely possible, but it could be. You

1091
01:25:38,880 --> 01:25:43,239
know, I can't take away that
might be true, but the likelihood is

1092
01:25:43,279 --> 01:25:47,960
not there. Yeah, we have
Andy calling from Connecticut. Andy, welcome

1093
01:25:47,960 --> 01:25:57,239
to the show again. Andy,
can you hear me? Bill, I

1094
01:25:57,439 --> 01:26:01,880
think it's possible. We have a
problem with our own system. You clicked

1095
01:26:01,960 --> 01:26:06,079
on there, Yep, it's on
ear now. He's on ear now.

1096
01:26:06,680 --> 01:26:12,319
So Bill, just keep in mind
something's happening to our It's not coming through,

1097
01:26:14,680 --> 01:26:17,319
so uh so we'll just keep on
moving on. Hopefully Bill can figure

1098
01:26:17,399 --> 01:26:21,000
that out. Martin, just use
your telepathy for crying alone and just yeah,

1099
01:26:21,039 --> 01:26:25,800
I know it's it's a little rusty
tonight. I would try it,

1100
01:26:26,880 --> 01:26:31,399
but we have plenty of questions we're
coming in like left and right, and

1101
01:26:32,119 --> 01:26:35,840
just see if I can pick up
one of those. But well, if

1102
01:26:35,920 --> 01:26:41,159
not, let's let's go into a
topic that I wanted to talk about,

1103
01:26:41,239 --> 01:26:45,399
and that is just another mystery that's
not UFO related, but dark matter and

1104
01:26:45,520 --> 01:26:51,880
dark energy, because I think it's
pretty interesting when you think about the what

1105
01:26:53,079 --> 01:26:56,319
we know, rocks, planet,
stars, all that stuff, it's only

1106
01:26:56,399 --> 01:27:00,720
like five percent of what's going on
out there. Then there's dark matter,

1107
01:27:00,880 --> 01:27:06,039
and then there's dark energy like makes
up the majority of it. And the

1108
01:27:06,159 --> 01:27:11,760
puzzle of it all is what has
always intrigued me and and the thoughts and

1109
01:27:11,920 --> 01:27:15,560
um, I was just reading something
about was it axions as a possibility of

1110
01:27:16,000 --> 01:27:23,560
dark dark matter you know the sub
particles. Yeah, yes, there's there's

1111
01:27:24,079 --> 01:27:29,640
There was some commentary in the literature
that states that dark energy might not actually

1112
01:27:30,479 --> 01:27:38,000
really be needed to explain anything,
but it depends how you embrace the research

1113
01:27:38,119 --> 01:27:41,880
that said it was there in the
first place. And it has to do

1114
01:27:42,079 --> 01:27:45,720
with the expansion rate of the universe. Okay, and so when you when

1115
01:27:45,760 --> 01:27:47,760
you look at dark energy, for
instance, where does that come from?

1116
01:27:49,199 --> 01:27:56,279
Well, in the twenties, Edwin
Hubbell, famous American astronomer, he was

1117
01:27:56,359 --> 01:28:00,439
actually studying the galaxies farm way and
he noticed that these alexies are receding from

1118
01:28:00,560 --> 01:28:04,119
us at a faster rate the farther
way they are, and he was able

1119
01:28:04,680 --> 01:28:10,399
to deduce an expansion rate of the
universe, and an expansion rate became known

1120
01:28:10,439 --> 01:28:14,479
as the Hubble name for him,
constant. Well, the Hubble constant.

1121
01:28:15,279 --> 01:28:21,640
Turns out it it's not constant.
The Plank telescope and other studies showed that

1122
01:28:23,479 --> 01:28:30,800
the rate of expansion has been accelerating. And if they're accelerating, that means

1123
01:28:30,880 --> 01:28:34,920
that means that the expansion is getting
faster and faster and faster every second.

1124
01:28:35,039 --> 01:28:43,119
Basically, Now, what could possibly
explain that thirteen point eight billion years after

1125
01:28:43,680 --> 01:28:48,720
the Big Bang that started at all? Well, it turns out that dark

1126
01:28:48,840 --> 01:28:57,960
energies actually postulated because of the fact
that the explanation of this expansion has to

1127
01:28:58,039 --> 01:29:01,079
come from somewhere. So it wasn't
toward the guy I've been telling you about,

1128
01:29:01,079 --> 01:29:05,359
because he's an alien and he's somewhere
else. But it was probably some

1129
01:29:05,479 --> 01:29:12,000
of these people that were trying to
think of ways to explain the accelerating expansion,

1130
01:29:12,600 --> 01:29:15,479
and so they thought of the concept
and saw if it worked out,

1131
01:29:15,520 --> 01:29:19,039
and it did oddly enough, I
mean serendipity, you know, you think

1132
01:29:19,079 --> 01:29:21,680
of something and hey, it worked
out. Well. It turns out that

1133
01:29:23,199 --> 01:29:29,560
the expansion rate of the universe,
if you think about an energy that causes

1134
01:29:29,880 --> 01:29:35,880
not objects to expand, but the
very space that they're in to expand,

1135
01:29:36,560 --> 01:29:44,119
it actually just expanding space all around
it, the dark energy is. And

1136
01:29:44,279 --> 01:29:51,840
so that means that the acceleration due
to this energy that's expanding the very space

1137
01:29:53,800 --> 01:29:58,279
will cause this accelerated expansion we see. And that's where the concept of dark

1138
01:29:58,359 --> 01:30:00,920
energy came from. Isn't that nice
an element tree? No, it's not.

1139
01:30:01,720 --> 01:30:06,439
It's not very intuitive, okay,
but you know the concept of the

1140
01:30:06,520 --> 01:30:13,479
universe expanding, however, is has
always been has been plaguing people with problems,

1141
01:30:14,079 --> 01:30:18,119
and one of them is if you
look at for instance, um uh,

1142
01:30:18,319 --> 01:30:21,039
say you have object in space and
you look at it, and you'll

1143
01:30:21,039 --> 01:30:26,119
get another object in space. Every
single object is moving away from every other

1144
01:30:26,239 --> 01:30:29,960
object in the universe. Wait a
minute, what how can that be?

1145
01:30:30,800 --> 01:30:32,560
What if they're closer to us.
Well, how can that work? Well,

1146
01:30:33,159 --> 01:30:36,840
you might think that you know that
that can't happen. Well it does.

1147
01:30:38,319 --> 01:30:40,479
And if you want to see it
happen, all you need is a

1148
01:30:40,479 --> 01:30:44,279
balloon and a sharpie. You get
a balloon in a sharp You take your

1149
01:30:44,319 --> 01:30:46,800
balloon and put little dots on it. Okay, And Amanda Curran, who

1150
01:30:46,840 --> 01:30:50,720
has been helping you tonight, did
this and a video on her site on

1151
01:30:50,840 --> 01:30:56,760
her YouTube channel to show this concept
I was trying to put across about the

1152
01:30:56,800 --> 01:31:00,199
expansion of the universe. And you
put dots on this balloon, it's not

1153
01:31:00,239 --> 01:31:02,239
blown up, and then you blow
it up and you watch the dots.

1154
01:31:02,960 --> 01:31:05,720
You'll see that every dot you put
on that balloon is moving away from every

1155
01:31:05,760 --> 01:31:11,079
other dot as the universe expands,
as the balloon expands. And that is

1156
01:31:11,159 --> 01:31:16,680
the basic concept of universe expansion.
And so I think that's something that's really

1157
01:31:16,760 --> 01:31:21,159
crucial to understand first before you can
start thinking about accelerated expansion. So once

1158
01:31:21,199 --> 01:31:26,840
you know the universe is expanding,
then you look at the fact that it's

1159
01:31:26,840 --> 01:31:32,000
actually going faster and faster, and
the causes are this energy inside. It's

1160
01:31:32,079 --> 01:31:39,399
like someone is blowing harder and harder
and harder every second into the balloon and

1161
01:31:39,560 --> 01:31:45,600
causing this expansion to increase. And
that's that someone is actually the some thing

1162
01:31:45,800 --> 01:31:49,640
and it's the dark energy which is
causing the space itself to expand in every

1163
01:31:49,720 --> 01:31:56,039
direction. So that's dark energy.
And I'm telling you if you're still here

1164
01:31:56,119 --> 01:32:00,119
and not like, if your brain
hasn't popped, well then you know we

1165
01:32:00,199 --> 01:32:03,399
can go to the next one.
Yeah, well I I we have Andy

1166
01:32:03,439 --> 01:32:05,960
back on the line, and we
figured out what the problem was. Um

1167
01:32:06,399 --> 01:32:13,239
so who would you have muted?
Yes, that's exactly it. And anyway,

1168
01:32:13,439 --> 01:32:18,239
no I had I had kg R
A muted. But anyway, Yeah,

1169
01:32:19,720 --> 01:32:26,359
there's just so many mysteries and makes
you wonder if we haven't figured there's

1170
01:32:26,399 --> 01:32:30,560
something we have figured wrong about gravity
or gravity reacts differently. But I don't

1171
01:32:30,600 --> 01:32:34,319
want to you know, we'll take
on Andy first and continue to talk with

1172
01:32:35,479 --> 01:32:39,880
Andy. You're on the air,
Welcome to the show. Excellent, Hi

1173
01:32:39,960 --> 01:32:45,000
guys, there is Well my question
for Mark is uh I think he touched

1174
01:32:45,039 --> 01:32:49,039
on this earlier when he when he
referenced his thinking that went into his book.

1175
01:32:49,479 --> 01:32:55,479
But given that we seem to find
life in the most unlikely places,

1176
01:32:55,560 --> 01:33:00,960
we look here on Earth. I'll
just bang off a couple radioactive waste,

1177
01:33:01,920 --> 01:33:10,079
hot springs, and undersea volcanic events, incredible pressure and temperature. The Mobile

1178
01:33:10,199 --> 01:33:15,199
Cave in Romania back in eighty six. It was five million years cut off

1179
01:33:15,239 --> 01:33:19,399
from sunlight and is filled with poisonous
gases. Life is thriving there, the

1180
01:33:19,520 --> 01:33:26,960
surface of the iss and on and
on. So give given those facts,

1181
01:33:27,640 --> 01:33:32,720
is it not likely then that life
is actually ubiquitous in the universe and not

1182
01:33:33,079 --> 01:33:39,560
rare. We just don't have the
ability to get into the details on what's

1183
01:33:39,640 --> 01:33:45,680
happening on these new planets. They're
discovering water marks. Thoughts on that,

1184
01:33:45,720 --> 01:33:48,279
I think he probably would agree,
Andy, I totally agree with the underd

1185
01:33:48,319 --> 01:33:51,520
percent. In fact, as a
matter of fact, the subtext, the

1186
01:33:51,600 --> 01:33:57,359
subtitle of the Populated Universe that book
I wrote is life and the Universe may

1187
01:33:57,479 --> 01:34:00,600
very well be the rule, not
the exception. And it's based on those

1188
01:34:00,720 --> 01:34:03,680
that very same predict that you mentioned
that I base it on. Everywhere we

1189
01:34:03,720 --> 01:34:06,920
look, we see the building blocks
of life. And one place you didn't

1190
01:34:06,960 --> 01:34:12,439
mention, another place that was cut
off for a long long time, is

1191
01:34:12,479 --> 01:34:16,239
in Antarctica. It's Lake Vostok.
Lake Vostok is a mile or more between

1192
01:34:16,680 --> 01:34:21,039
underneath the Antarctic ice, has never
seen the light of day in many,

1193
01:34:21,199 --> 01:34:26,840
many years, has been cut off
for I actually forget the amount, but

1194
01:34:27,119 --> 01:34:30,119
for quite a I won't say.
I don't know how many millions of years

1195
01:34:30,159 --> 01:34:33,359
it was cut off, if it
wasn't hundreds of thousands. But the bottom

1196
01:34:33,439 --> 01:34:42,039
line is that lake has more than
thirty five hundred different species of life within

1197
01:34:42,159 --> 01:34:47,880
it, all working within the small, frail ecosystem that is Lake Vostok beneath

1198
01:34:48,000 --> 01:34:53,319
the Arctic ice. Now, the
pressure is immense under all that ice,

1199
01:34:53,640 --> 01:34:56,560
and then you have the weight of
the water on top of it. Okay,

1200
01:34:57,119 --> 01:34:59,920
Yet, if your life you evolve
into that, you don't know any

1201
01:35:00,079 --> 01:35:02,800
different. Right, we evolved into
fourteen point seven pounds per square inch on

1202
01:35:02,880 --> 01:35:08,720
our bodies, every square inch,
pressing every which way because we evolved here.

1203
01:35:08,800 --> 01:35:11,119
This is how we evolved. We
don't even think about it, but

1204
01:35:11,239 --> 01:35:14,399
we're actually feeling the weight of the
air over our heads up to space,

1205
01:35:14,840 --> 01:35:17,039
the weight of that air all the
way. A column of air over your

1206
01:35:17,079 --> 01:35:20,640
head a square inch is going to
be fourteen point seven pounds of air over

1207
01:35:20,720 --> 01:35:26,560
your head. Okay, overall,
Now, that's quite a lot, you

1208
01:35:26,640 --> 01:35:30,760
know. And other planets have less
atmosphere, like Mars, and other planets

1209
01:35:30,800 --> 01:35:33,199
have a lot more like Venus Okay. Venus is ninety times as dense as

1210
01:35:33,279 --> 01:35:39,039
ours. Titan Okay has a lot
more atmosphere than the Earth. And Titan

1211
01:35:39,199 --> 01:35:42,520
is only about three thousand miles across
compared to the Earth being eight thousand.

1212
01:35:42,800 --> 01:35:45,439
So I agree with you. We
see the building blox of life everywhere we

1213
01:35:45,560 --> 01:35:48,039
look, the deep ocean vents.
Had we not found life, you know,

1214
01:35:48,479 --> 01:35:51,239
and you probably know this too,
Andy, had we not found life

1215
01:35:51,279 --> 01:35:57,520
at these sulfide chimneys on the ocean
floor, we probably wouldn't have thought that

1216
01:35:57,680 --> 01:36:01,840
we could have life at Europa Jupiter's
movement, or Enceladus, Saturn's moon.

1217
01:36:02,479 --> 01:36:12,000
Yeah, Cassini saw these fantastic fissure
looking hot spots at the south pole of

1218
01:36:12,039 --> 01:36:19,880
Inselidus. This is telling us that
we're seeing hydrothermal events. We're seeing hydrocarbons,

1219
01:36:19,880 --> 01:36:24,439
we're seeing carbon, we're seeing carbon
dioxide, we're seeing hydrogen. We're

1220
01:36:24,439 --> 01:36:30,399
seeing water spewing out of these from
subterranean oceans, oceans beneath the ice caps.

1221
01:36:30,279 --> 01:36:35,119
How phenomenal is that? And that's
a Jupiter and Saturn. Okay,

1222
01:36:35,520 --> 01:36:39,479
And you know people think, wow, you know, you know that's far

1223
01:36:39,560 --> 01:36:42,159
out. I mean, how could
how could it be warm enough? Well,

1224
01:36:43,119 --> 01:36:46,199
Europa has a possibly a sixty to
ninety mile deep ocean underneath that ice,

1225
01:36:46,720 --> 01:36:49,920
and it's warm because of the fact
that as Europa goes around, it's

1226
01:36:49,960 --> 01:36:54,880
in a it's an orbital residence that's
called with Io and Ganymede, and as

1227
01:36:54,920 --> 01:36:58,560
it goes around those those moons are
tugging on it, and so is Jupiter,

1228
01:36:58,680 --> 01:37:00,960
and it causes it to do this
kind of thing as it's moving,

1229
01:37:00,439 --> 01:37:04,399
all right, And as it does
that, it actually heats up from the

1230
01:37:04,479 --> 01:37:08,199
friction. And you can do this
with a piece of clay that's hard,

1231
01:37:08,600 --> 01:37:11,159
right out of the refrigerator. Take
a piece of clay and you start squeezing

1232
01:37:11,159 --> 01:37:14,119
it and squeezing it, and within
about twenty minutes that clay is soft and

1233
01:37:14,199 --> 01:37:16,960
pliable. Now why you're squeezing it, you're doing what gravity does. You're

1234
01:37:16,960 --> 01:37:20,399
squeezing, tugging, and pulling,
and by that time that the clay warms

1235
01:37:20,479 --> 01:37:26,720
up, it's pliable and beautiful.
And that's what's happening underneath Europa's surface.

1236
01:37:27,000 --> 01:37:30,680
The ice is cracking, the ice
is fusing back together. We're seeing geysers

1237
01:37:30,720 --> 01:37:34,479
actually on Europa, if all the
data is right, we're seeing hydrogen and

1238
01:37:34,600 --> 01:37:43,960
we're seeing oxygen and other compounds coming
out of Europea's geysers. This, as

1239
01:37:44,000 --> 01:37:47,399
you point out, Andy, probably
is pointing out the fact that life is

1240
01:37:47,520 --> 01:37:54,199
indeed ubiquitous throughout the universe. In
I think, I know, I run

1241
01:37:54,279 --> 01:37:58,720
the risk of being what's labeled a
carbon bigot. Yeah that's right, But

1242
01:37:59,279 --> 01:38:01,359
as a carbon big it, I
can tell you that I think that the

1243
01:38:01,479 --> 01:38:08,560
universe provides a template for carbon based
life here and everywhere. And as I

1244
01:38:08,600 --> 01:38:12,279
say, it happened here and it
could happen everywhere. Commets deliver carbon based

1245
01:38:12,319 --> 01:38:17,359
compounds, media's deliver carbon based compounds, and asteroids deliver carbon based compounds,

1246
01:38:17,840 --> 01:38:27,600
and these compounds will then be part
of a process to create the oxygen from

1247
01:38:27,720 --> 01:38:32,720
life and from geological processes. Once
we see the little tiny bacteria that form

1248
01:38:32,800 --> 01:38:39,119
on our planet like they did,
then at that point the oxygen atmosphere builds

1249
01:38:39,199 --> 01:38:46,399
up. And when that happens,
now the opportunity for a radiative outward explosion

1250
01:38:46,439 --> 01:38:53,399
of life is available. And I
think that this is something that happens everywhere.

1251
01:38:54,760 --> 01:38:59,439
Maybe it happened under Europe's surface,
don't you think? Yeah, yeah,

1252
01:39:00,039 --> 01:39:01,920
it's highly likely. I can't wait
till we can get there and look,

1253
01:39:02,520 --> 01:39:08,359
you a clipper and I'll take your
hands off the airmark. But you

1254
01:39:08,399 --> 01:39:11,920
would know better than I. What
was the robot that we landed on the

1255
01:39:12,079 --> 01:39:16,880
past the Japanese and landed on that
passing asteroid? And then are there plans

1256
01:39:16,960 --> 01:39:21,439
to do anything else in the near
future that you know of? I know

1257
01:39:21,600 --> 01:39:25,880
that, Um, thank you,
yeah, sure, no, thank you

1258
01:39:25,960 --> 01:39:29,600
very much for the call. Excellent
questions. Um, I think that you

1259
01:39:30,359 --> 01:39:34,720
the robots that landed on the asteroid, right Ugu, Okay, I can't

1260
01:39:35,439 --> 01:39:40,680
I don't remember their names. There
are more acronyms than than names, I

1261
01:39:40,800 --> 01:39:43,560
think, but I could be wrong
with that. But they landed several of

1262
01:39:43,680 --> 01:39:48,399
these and the gravity on this asteroid
was so small, so slight. As

1263
01:39:48,399 --> 01:39:53,520
a matter of fact, I don't
have a I had a digital print of

1264
01:39:53,600 --> 01:39:56,239
that asteroid to show you when I
don't know where I put it now,

1265
01:39:56,680 --> 01:40:01,159
but I'll use the moon. So
the the the the gravity was so slight

1266
01:40:01,239 --> 01:40:04,800
on this asteroid that the the the
way the thing moved around was It just

1267
01:40:04,920 --> 01:40:09,119
had a little bar and just went
dunk. And when it was like that,

1268
01:40:09,399 --> 01:40:12,720
it moved the thing off the asteroid. It was just like a little

1269
01:40:12,800 --> 01:40:16,000
bar that just swatted the asteroid.
And when it did that, the thing

1270
01:40:16,079 --> 01:40:19,239
flew off the asteroid and then came
back at a different place. Not very

1271
01:40:19,279 --> 01:40:25,439
efficient, not very well, not
very steerable actually, However, it did

1272
01:40:25,479 --> 01:40:30,840
the job and it brought it to
various places. And um that that was

1273
01:40:31,600 --> 01:40:40,000
that mission all right, was essential
because it was telling us the complexities of

1274
01:40:40,079 --> 01:40:44,119
the asteroids makeup and chemistry. And
then we of course we have the sample

1275
01:40:44,199 --> 01:40:47,560
return that's going to be coming uh
from there, and we have a Cyrus

1276
01:40:47,640 --> 01:40:53,239
rex at Benu and Osiris rex is
near and due to me because one of

1277
01:40:53,279 --> 01:40:58,039
the people that worked on it was
a Catholic nun who I didn't know was

1278
01:40:58,079 --> 01:41:02,000
a Catholic nun when she was here
at my house, and because she doesn't

1279
01:41:02,079 --> 01:41:06,479
dress up like one, you know, she's all unfortunately passed away a couple

1280
01:41:06,520 --> 01:41:12,399
of years ago. But she was
someone that said I have an interest in

1281
01:41:12,399 --> 01:41:15,000
the Hubble space telescope. I said, oh, I can show you some

1282
01:41:15,079 --> 01:41:16,640
pictures. Oh, I'd love that. So I went down I made some

1283
01:41:16,720 --> 01:41:19,880
pictures. I actually printed her some
beautiful digital copies, brought him up and

1284
01:41:19,920 --> 01:41:24,960
presentator with these things. And I'm
telling her about these things, right,

1285
01:41:25,960 --> 01:41:29,479
I'll tell you why this relates to
Osiris Rex in the minute. So she

1286
01:41:29,640 --> 01:41:31,720
actually said to me, oh,
those are beautiful, you know, And

1287
01:41:31,760 --> 01:41:33,720
I said, these are yours.
You may have them. Oh, thank

1288
01:41:33,800 --> 01:41:39,600
you. And then her companion,
another Catholic nun who was a relative,

1289
01:41:39,720 --> 01:41:44,880
actually started to laugh and he go, what are you laughing for? And

1290
01:41:45,039 --> 01:41:48,680
she looks at me and she goes, she's an astro physicist. And I

1291
01:41:48,760 --> 01:41:56,800
went, what what? Yeah,
Sister Mary Ellen was an astrophysicist. Work

1292
01:41:56,840 --> 01:42:00,199
that Goddard, okay? And I
didn't know that because she never talked about

1293
01:42:00,199 --> 01:42:03,119
it. She never crowed about it. But she was the only human in

1294
01:42:03,359 --> 01:42:10,960
history to ever land an actual probe
on an asteroid. She was she was

1295
01:42:11,039 --> 01:42:16,199
working on the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
near and she was the one who helped

1296
01:42:16,319 --> 01:42:20,960
land this asteroid, land on this
asteroid and uh on o Cyrus Rex.

1297
01:42:21,399 --> 01:42:28,600
Uh. I immortalized her because when
when the Osyrius Rex team was talking about

1298
01:42:28,640 --> 01:42:33,039
including a little uh micro dot with
the names of all the people I sent

1299
01:42:33,159 --> 01:42:36,359
in a little memory and photos of
sister Mary Ellen, and they put it

1300
01:42:36,399 --> 01:42:41,319
on for us that it was really
nice. So it's sitting out there an

1301
01:42:41,319 --> 01:42:45,680
asteroid. Uh you know, Benny
who o Cyrus rexes and uh, Mary

1302
01:42:45,720 --> 01:42:47,840
Ellen is there. I think it's
pretty cool. That is. I can't

1303
01:42:47,840 --> 01:42:54,039
imagine the calculating that would have to
be done to land on an asteroid.

1304
01:42:54,439 --> 01:42:58,920
I mean, it's just mind blowing
it is, and we don't necessarily get

1305
01:42:58,920 --> 01:43:01,279
it. Right. Look at the
landing on the commet with the Rosette mission,

1306
01:43:02,000 --> 01:43:06,399
right, the Rosette mission was fantastic. It showed us views and chemistry

1307
01:43:06,439 --> 01:43:11,239
of a commet we never knew.
Okay. And then there was a little

1308
01:43:11,319 --> 01:43:15,159
lander that was being deployed called fil
At you know phi l Ae, right

1309
01:43:15,239 --> 01:43:18,880
fil A, And it went down
and it went to land in the asteroid.

1310
01:43:19,039 --> 01:43:21,319
And what it's supposed to do is
it supposed to land. It was

1311
01:43:21,319 --> 01:43:26,520
supposed to engage these hooks that would
then hold it down to the asteroid because

1312
01:43:26,560 --> 01:43:30,159
yeah, I'm sorry the comment,
because the commet was so low mass and

1313
01:43:30,279 --> 01:43:34,560
so low gravity. But instead they
either didn't fire or that it was ineffective,

1314
01:43:34,600 --> 01:43:39,000
and when it hit it just bounced
off and It continued to bounce for

1315
01:43:39,319 --> 01:43:45,640
hours until it ended up lodged in
a crevass on the Rosetta commet, which

1316
01:43:45,760 --> 01:43:50,520
was actually a comment triumov Grusimenko,
which is commet sixty seven p p meaning

1317
01:43:50,560 --> 01:43:56,800
periodic, So it'll be back.
Wow, amazing, that's just totally amazing.

1318
01:43:56,880 --> 01:44:00,960
Hey, someone wanted to know,
are there any plans to ever do

1319
01:44:00,000 --> 01:44:04,239
any more deep field? Um,
you know, pictures like the Hubble did

1320
01:44:04,319 --> 01:44:09,399
home. Yeah, I don't know. I've not I've not seen any of

1321
01:44:09,439 --> 01:44:13,520
the dockets. I haven't seen any
of the programs to know whether. Uh.

1322
01:44:13,560 --> 01:44:16,079
And I know I haven't read any
of that information. Uh, you

1323
01:44:16,159 --> 01:44:20,800
know, I I've been focusing on
our observatory to try and just get astronomy

1324
01:44:20,880 --> 01:44:24,479
to the masses, you know,
and get people out there. Um.

1325
01:44:24,960 --> 01:44:28,239
And you know, I think it
helps to have an astronomer who is also

1326
01:44:29,640 --> 01:44:33,159
a full, full on believer in
extraterrestrial life and thinks they could be here.

1327
01:44:33,199 --> 01:44:35,760
I mean, I don't see any
reason why not. The sheer numbers

1328
01:44:35,800 --> 01:44:42,880
of planets out there seems to negate
uh, negativism about this object this uh,

1329
01:44:43,439 --> 01:44:46,720
this this possibility. Um, when
when we're sure, I think I'll

1330
01:44:47,000 --> 01:44:50,119
well we'll say we can take one
more call if someone them like to call

1331
01:44:50,199 --> 01:44:54,920
in that numbers up on the screen
eight five five four seven two five four

1332
01:44:55,079 --> 01:44:59,039
eight three. Um, so we'll
take another call if you'd like. But

1333
01:44:59,279 --> 01:45:04,640
what you know, what sparked your
interest in actually taking a look at UFOs

1334
01:45:04,640 --> 01:45:08,680
and what they could be in the
beginning? How old were you and all

1335
01:45:08,720 --> 01:45:14,319
that? I was probably around twelve, Yeah, and I'll tell you why.

1336
01:45:14,640 --> 01:45:20,119
Um No, I was eleven,
I'm sorry. I had seen a

1337
01:45:20,279 --> 01:45:28,920
rocket launch, and the rocket launch
was a rocket launch to disseminate some die

1338
01:45:28,960 --> 01:45:33,319
in the upper atmosphere. And I
saw the results of this in the sky

1339
01:45:34,239 --> 01:45:41,000
and I went absolutely crazy. I
couldn't believe it I was looking at.

1340
01:45:41,399 --> 01:45:45,159
So I ended up I ended up, you know, looking at this,

1341
01:45:45,800 --> 01:45:49,880
this potential thing in the sky.
Is it possible? Is this UFO?

1342
01:45:50,039 --> 01:45:54,920
What am I looking at? And
that got me so interested, so excited

1343
01:45:54,960 --> 01:46:00,399
about something I didn't understand, Okay, that I ended up pursuing this and

1344
01:46:01,039 --> 01:46:06,880
I found out it was a sounding
rocket releasing a particular material into the upper

1345
01:46:06,880 --> 01:46:11,439
atmosphere to create false auras to do
studies. Blah blah blah. Okay,

1346
01:46:11,520 --> 01:46:14,640
that's fine, not bad. For
age eleven, but I ended up being

1347
01:46:14,800 --> 01:46:19,279
someone that ended up deciding I wanted
to investigate these types of these types of

1348
01:46:19,319 --> 01:46:24,039
anomalies. And then I went to
the library, because that's what you did

1349
01:46:24,479 --> 01:46:29,199
when I was eleven. And I
got on my little bike and pushed down,

1350
01:46:29,279 --> 01:46:34,600
pedaled down to the library, and
I saw that there were some advertisements

1351
01:46:34,720 --> 01:46:40,920
for this group called the Midwest UFO
Network. Wow, the word UFO that

1352
01:46:41,039 --> 01:46:43,880
jumps right out of me. I
want to learn about that. So I

1353
01:46:44,199 --> 01:46:49,279
started reading about it, and then
I basically asked my mommy to subscribe me

1354
01:46:49,880 --> 01:46:58,079
to this Midwest UFO network. And
I remember the very first letter I got

1355
01:46:58,199 --> 01:47:02,079
from what would then become move Fun. It was moved on then, but

1356
01:47:02,199 --> 01:47:09,800
just different meaning. Was this this
card signed by Walter Andres, the guy

1357
01:47:09,880 --> 01:47:15,760
that founded the Midwest ufhone network,
running out of his garage with file cabinets

1358
01:47:15,800 --> 01:47:19,279
and lots of paper, right,
and that card had his name on it,

1359
01:47:19,560 --> 01:47:25,119
signed name, actual sign in blue
pen. And that great card stayed

1360
01:47:25,159 --> 01:47:29,640
in my wallet until just a few
years ago. Okay, and I had

1361
01:47:29,680 --> 01:47:31,560
to change wallets because it dropped in
the water, and I thought, oh

1362
01:47:31,640 --> 01:47:34,039
no, I gotta change walls now. So when I changed the wallet.

1363
01:47:34,079 --> 01:47:39,119
I get to the my ID card
from move On and they go to pull

1364
01:47:39,159 --> 01:47:44,520
it out and the images there on
the plastic sheet, but there was no

1365
01:47:44,720 --> 01:47:49,000
card. It had long since disintegrated. I didn't, you know. So

1366
01:47:49,279 --> 01:47:53,960
I was in move On since nineteen
seventy one, which is about two years

1367
01:47:54,239 --> 01:47:59,159
after it started. That is totally
amazing. And do you still do a

1368
01:47:59,279 --> 01:48:02,199
lot of the analysis and video analysis. You have time to do that I

1369
01:48:02,319 --> 01:48:06,039
do, and I get calls and
talked. I have to do that every

1370
01:48:06,119 --> 01:48:10,520
day, you know, And that's
certainly what I do. I've got some

1371
01:48:10,600 --> 01:48:14,159
active cases now that people have asked
me to do, and I have no

1372
01:48:14,319 --> 01:48:17,279
problem doing it. Um you know, it's it's my first love. Really.

1373
01:48:17,840 --> 01:48:21,640
You know, I've never strayed from
the move On organization. I know

1374
01:48:21,720 --> 01:48:25,239
it has its ups and downs.
I know there's pitfalls, there's problems.

1375
01:48:25,239 --> 01:48:28,760
There's always politics, there's things or
this, or's that. You're gonna get

1376
01:48:28,800 --> 01:48:33,000
that anywhere unless you're a lone wolf
going at it all by yourself. You

1377
01:48:33,159 --> 01:48:35,760
just accept the good with the bad. You take what you need and you

1378
01:48:35,960 --> 01:48:45,720
leave the rest. That's what I
do. And have you like I remember

1379
01:48:45,800 --> 01:48:48,079
we had this conversation and I do
have to tell um, I do have

1380
01:48:48,159 --> 01:48:53,399
to tell the listeners this if I
hadn't said it before. But I remember

1381
01:48:53,600 --> 01:48:58,359
a driving out to Arizona, and
when we've met a whole bunch of times.

1382
01:48:58,399 --> 01:49:00,960
But when we were out in Arizona, I drove out from Maine,

1383
01:49:01,000 --> 01:49:06,199
which is I'll never do again,
and there was a picture taken out the

1384
01:49:06,239 --> 01:49:12,119
window and I said, oh my
god, there's a disc in this picture.

1385
01:49:12,159 --> 01:49:15,079
And I showed it to you,
and you looked at it for five

1386
01:49:15,199 --> 01:49:17,399
seconds, and you said, I
think there's something on the window. So

1387
01:49:17,560 --> 01:49:20,000
I went outside to my car and
I looked, and sure enough, there

1388
01:49:20,079 --> 01:49:25,319
was a little little pine needle,
like a little piece of a pine needle

1389
01:49:25,399 --> 01:49:29,239
on the window at an angle,
a perfect UFO. Yeah. But a

1390
01:49:29,359 --> 01:49:31,279
lot of stuff like that happens,
right, yeah, Yeah, And those

1391
01:49:31,319 --> 01:49:36,600
are the common things. And I
wasn't trying to, you know, disable

1392
01:49:36,720 --> 01:49:41,560
your intent to go searching for the
truth or anything. I was just trying

1393
01:49:41,600 --> 01:49:45,680
to point out quickly and efficiently.
I was broken. I'm so sorry.

1394
01:49:48,359 --> 01:49:50,960
I was trying to point out fast, you know, so we could move

1395
01:49:51,000 --> 01:49:55,560
on. I know that you know
the questions out there, the question is

1396
01:49:55,600 --> 01:49:59,920
going to be answered if not by
Doug and I doing the aerial anomaly system,

1397
01:50:00,359 --> 01:50:04,840
by other people working on similar systems. I do think as we move

1398
01:50:04,920 --> 01:50:08,960
forward, we have to understand that
when we leave the planet someday, and

1399
01:50:09,039 --> 01:50:12,159
we have to because the Sun is
going to run out of hydrogen someday,

1400
01:50:12,640 --> 01:50:15,600
and when it does that some days, not next year or ten years,

1401
01:50:15,680 --> 01:50:20,000
it's it's like five billion years from
now, so don't start packing yet.

1402
01:50:21,720 --> 01:50:26,119
But when it does, the Sun's
going to swell into a red giant.

1403
01:50:26,239 --> 01:50:29,760
And when it does that, Earth
is going to likely get swallowed up to

1404
01:50:30,399 --> 01:50:32,000
mercury. Venus are going to go
that way. Earth is going to go

1405
01:50:32,079 --> 01:50:36,319
that way we have it's going to
hit our orbit even But this is wonderful

1406
01:50:36,359 --> 01:50:41,399
too, and in such a happy
note, I said, five billion years,

1407
01:50:41,479 --> 01:50:44,840
buddy, don't you. Yeah,
thanks so much, Mark, And

1408
01:50:45,199 --> 01:50:48,680
we have to run. So go
talk about where someone can find your book

1409
01:50:48,720 --> 01:50:54,000
and the title real quick in your
website. Yeah, the book is actually

1410
01:50:54,039 --> 01:50:59,880
called The Populated Universe as a very
attractive red cover. That's not a very

1411
01:51:00,039 --> 01:51:04,199
tractive picture, but that looks like
someone in fear. That's also when I

1412
01:51:04,279 --> 01:51:12,520
was ten pounds heavier too. But
it's on Amazon. You can find it

1413
01:51:12,600 --> 01:51:17,119
on Amazon the Populated Universe, and
I've gotten a lot of people who have

1414
01:51:17,319 --> 01:51:21,600
read the book, and I would
like to very much thank my editor,

1415
01:51:21,760 --> 01:51:27,840
Tara, who lives in Arizona,
who actually edited a lot of the errors

1416
01:51:27,840 --> 01:51:31,239
out for me. I also want
to thank Mary Anne, who is in

1417
01:51:31,319 --> 01:51:36,880
Arizona as well. Right, yes, she is orchestrating the build of my

1418
01:51:38,000 --> 01:51:41,279
observatory out there for skytch Er live
stream. I hate to say it,

1419
01:51:41,319 --> 01:51:44,800
but we're out of time, Mark, Yeah, thanks so much. All

1420
01:51:44,880 --> 01:51:47,479
right, all right everyone, So
that's it for the show tonight. Thank

1421
01:51:47,560 --> 01:51:51,359
you so much for listening. We'll
be back next week with Randall Nickerson.

1422
01:51:51,399 --> 01:51:55,960
We're going to be talking about the
Ariel phenomenon. I want to thank everyone

1423
01:51:56,199 --> 01:51:59,920
so much. I'm glad being the
streaming service worked well, and we'll see

1424
01:52:00,000 --> 01:52:03,800
you next week. Remember everyone to
keep your eyes to the sky.