1 00:00:06,120 --> 00:00:36,520 Spot. What's up, everybody, Welcome to another episode of Let's Ask Paul, 2 00:00:36,560 --> 00:00:40,560 the podcast where you get to ask me Paul Abernathy anything you want about 3 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:45,759 the National Electrical Code and all things electrically related. All you got to do 4 00:00:45,840 --> 00:00:49,960 is go to Paul Abernathy dot com and it's pretty easy. You put your 5 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:53,079 name in your email address, submit your question, and we'll either answer it 6 00:00:53,119 --> 00:00:57,320 in a reply or, if selected, will be on an upcoming podcast, 7 00:00:57,479 --> 00:01:00,679 much like today it's podcast. So well, thanks for joining me again. 8 00:01:00,880 --> 00:01:04,719 It's great to have you here. If you've never listened to our podcasts before, 9 00:01:04,920 --> 00:01:11,319 we have over a thousand episodes that can be enjoyed from any of your 10 00:01:11,599 --> 00:01:18,920 favorite podcasts listening platforms, whether it's Google podcasts, Breaker Podcasts, Spotify. 11 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:22,280 I listen to most of my stuff from most of the podcasts. I listen 12 00:01:22,359 --> 00:01:26,200 to business podcasts. I listen over on Spotify. But you know, you 13 00:01:26,239 --> 00:01:32,239 can even listen on your Alexa device by u there is a actual you can 14 00:01:32,359 --> 00:01:36,120 just ask it to play the master the NEC podcasts and it'll do it for 15 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:40,200 you. But yeah, that's what you do on whether you're Google podcast, 16 00:01:40,280 --> 00:01:44,560 Apple podcasts, whatever your favorite platform is. Just go searching for a master. 17 00:01:45,359 --> 00:01:51,959 The n EC podcasts all separate words, okay, and you will find 18 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:55,239 our podcasts. We also have episodes on Let's Ask Paul, and if you 19 00:01:55,280 --> 00:01:59,280 want to listen to Alexa ask Paul specifically, then you can also do that 20 00:01:59,319 --> 00:02:04,680 from the Let's as Paul the from the official website which is where you go 21 00:02:04,760 --> 00:02:08,000 to submit your questions at Paul Abernathy dot com. But the other way you 22 00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:12,319 can listen is through our mobile app, so we have a neat feature that 23 00:02:12,400 --> 00:02:15,280 you can listen to podcasts there as well. So many ways that you can 24 00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:20,319 connect and listen to a podcast, whether you're cruising down the road, you're 25 00:02:20,319 --> 00:02:23,199 on a job site, or whatnot. And there's so many of them. 26 00:02:23,159 --> 00:02:27,919 Again, like I said, it dates back years and most of the information 27 00:02:28,759 --> 00:02:34,280 it's still relevant, so go check it out. All right, Today's episode 28 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:39,319 gonna remind everybody that these are sponsored by Wicks and they're also sponsored by Electrical 29 00:02:39,319 --> 00:02:44,680 Code Academy Incorporated. That would be a no brainer, right, Yeah. 30 00:02:44,719 --> 00:02:49,759 So if you want some of our cool swag it helps support the show, 31 00:02:49,879 --> 00:02:54,719 go to fasttrackssystem dot com. That's f A S T t R A X 32 00:02:55,919 --> 00:03:02,000 S Y S T E m dot com on fasttracks system dot com and you 33 00:03:02,039 --> 00:03:05,520 will see that we have a link to our store. We have a bunch 34 00:03:05,560 --> 00:03:08,719 of new goodies over there. One of the newest things is our voltage drop 35 00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:13,240 cards. Not only are we going to give you the formulas for voltage drop 36 00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:16,560 but I'm also going to show you how to calculate the exact K, which 37 00:03:16,560 --> 00:03:23,159 you're ultimately going to round anyway to whatever the normal K that we would use 38 00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:27,280 twelve point nine that time. You know, you get it. Okay, 39 00:03:27,479 --> 00:03:29,759 So anyway, I tell you how to do it, but you know you're 40 00:03:29,759 --> 00:03:32,120 not going to really do it, but it's great to know. It's just 41 00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:38,000 good info to have. So anyway, okay, let's get into today's episode. 42 00:03:38,080 --> 00:03:44,319 Somebody has asked me to talk about series circuits and parallel circuits and are 43 00:03:44,360 --> 00:03:50,280 there any things to keep in mind when trying to perform these circuits. Well, 44 00:03:50,280 --> 00:03:54,080 many people will say today, there's really no need to try to memorize 45 00:03:54,159 --> 00:04:00,639 or understand series and parallel circuits. It's not something that you have to think 46 00:04:00,680 --> 00:04:02,919 about all the time, except for, you know, on an exam. 47 00:04:03,199 --> 00:04:06,919 It's low hanging fruit. You know, they able to ask you a serious 48 00:04:06,919 --> 00:04:12,039 circuit now if you're in electronics, this stuff happens all the time for you. 49 00:04:12,120 --> 00:04:15,759 But at the end of the day, it's probably not something that you, 50 00:04:15,879 --> 00:04:19,519 as an electrician, run into having to calculate out a series or parallel 51 00:04:19,519 --> 00:04:23,680 circuit that often, if ever, in your career, right, I don't 52 00:04:23,720 --> 00:04:28,639 think in my mind, I've ever had to worry about it, except for 53 00:04:28,639 --> 00:04:31,319 when I was doing things like alarm systems and stuff like that, and I'm 54 00:04:31,399 --> 00:04:35,680 really sensitive on the equipment and all this kind of stuff. But other than 55 00:04:35,720 --> 00:04:39,639 that, you probably don't run into it that often. Now you're going to 56 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:46,040 be that one guy, that one guy okay, well that listens to the 57 00:04:46,079 --> 00:04:48,319 podcast and says, oh, I disagree, I do it all the time, 58 00:04:48,480 --> 00:04:53,759 okay, whatever I feel you. Reality is, most electricians don't. 59 00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:57,240 So let's be real. You don't speak for the majority, You speak for 60 00:04:57,319 --> 00:05:00,000 your own minority, right. So, so, for the end of the 61 00:05:00,079 --> 00:05:03,560 day, on an exam, though, it is important to make sure that 62 00:05:03,639 --> 00:05:10,240 you understand some of the fundamentals that are involved in serious and parallel circuit applications. 63 00:05:10,279 --> 00:05:13,199 So we're going to kind of go over that, talk about it a 64 00:05:13,240 --> 00:05:15,439 little bit and give some kind of rule of thumbs and things to remember. 65 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:23,920 Now, by no means do you know, is there an expectation for somebody 66 00:05:23,959 --> 00:05:28,759 to memorize all this stuff? You know, when you're studying for an electrical 67 00:05:28,800 --> 00:05:32,480 exam or you're you know, you're the teacher, you're educator. It's nice 68 00:05:32,519 --> 00:05:38,680 to have this thing as a resource. Keep it friendly and easy. Uh. 69 00:05:38,800 --> 00:05:44,480 The Ugly's book is great. I'm using that for an examples today. 70 00:05:44,720 --> 00:05:46,560 Ugly Books great. Pick up a copy of that just to have it with 71 00:05:46,600 --> 00:05:51,720 you. Works great. But uh, you know, there's by no means 72 00:05:51,720 --> 00:05:56,079 to these things you should have to try to commit to memory. Okay, 73 00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:00,319 okay, So let's talk a little bit for your preparing for an exam where 74 00:06:00,319 --> 00:06:03,199 you get a question and they and we're talking about serious circuits. Now at 75 00:06:03,199 --> 00:06:06,639 the root of it, what is a serious circuit. Well, that's a 76 00:06:06,680 --> 00:06:14,120 serious circuit where is actually the electrons are flowing in one path through the circuit 77 00:06:14,639 --> 00:06:17,360 right now. When we say this in theory, we're not talking about alternating 78 00:06:17,399 --> 00:06:20,800 current moving back and forth. We just talking about the basics of being able 79 00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:27,279 to do the calculation and the concept of series that it flows. Okay, 80 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:31,079 and the serious circuits is a circuit that has only one path through which the 81 00:06:31,160 --> 00:06:41,279 electrons may flow. And then that is again understanding theory that the electrons aren't 82 00:06:41,279 --> 00:06:44,800 really flowing. It's the movement of those electrons that create the reaction, and 83 00:06:44,959 --> 00:06:47,879 YadA, YadA, YadA. But it's going to help you understand the kind 84 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:53,319 of in your mind thinking of a flow. Right. So a couple of 85 00:06:53,439 --> 00:06:59,639 rules that you want to remember about serious circuits is that the total current in 86 00:06:59,680 --> 00:07:04,120 a circuit is equal to the current in any other part of the circuit. 87 00:07:04,959 --> 00:07:12,399 Right, So, for example, the total current of adding all the current 88 00:07:12,480 --> 00:07:16,879 up of its ten amps, right, then the current is going to be 89 00:07:18,040 --> 00:07:25,959 the same at any part of the series circuit. So total current or it 90 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:30,680 is going to be same as the current at Node one or Node two, 91 00:07:30,240 --> 00:07:32,720 or No. Three or No. Four. At the end of the day, 92 00:07:32,759 --> 00:07:35,160 they're all going to be the same. So if it's ten amps, 93 00:07:35,439 --> 00:07:40,600 then it's ten amps throughout the series circuit. That does not change. Okay, 94 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:47,160 Now that's the first rule to remember. The total current does what The 95 00:07:47,160 --> 00:07:51,399 total current is equal to the current at any other part in that circuit. 96 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:55,120 So if I'm seeing something in series and it's the ten amps, is the 97 00:07:55,160 --> 00:07:58,079 overall load? And they asked me a question about what's the amps at node 98 00:07:58,079 --> 00:08:01,959 one, and it's a circuit, then you know, if it's ten amps 99 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:07,160 total, then the total is ten amps at node one. Okay. The 100 00:08:07,199 --> 00:08:11,439 next one would be dealing with voltage. So again a serious circuit, okay. 101 00:08:11,560 --> 00:08:15,199 And when we say series, we're talking about let's starting out at the 102 00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:20,519 source, going out through the load, through the whole system, all the 103 00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:22,680 way back, and then coming back to the source. That's a serious circuit. 104 00:08:24,199 --> 00:08:28,199 Just one big, one big, complete loop. Okay. So when 105 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:33,399 it comes to voltage in a serious circuit, the voltage is equal to the 106 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:39,720 sum of the voltage across all parts of the circuit, right, So what 107 00:08:39,759 --> 00:08:43,960 does that mean? So the total voltage is equal to whatever the voltage is 108 00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:50,360 at node one plus the voltage at node two plus the voltage is node three. 109 00:08:50,679 --> 00:08:56,960 So one thing to remember about a series circuit is the voltages are additive. 110 00:08:56,600 --> 00:09:00,639 So if they give you a question and it gives specific voltage at each 111 00:09:00,759 --> 00:09:05,360 node, then the total voltage, if it's one hundred and twenty volt it 112 00:09:05,440 --> 00:09:11,360 should be additive, right. So if they give you two voltage at two 113 00:09:11,399 --> 00:09:15,559 points and the third one doesn't have a voltage, then you add up node 114 00:09:15,559 --> 00:09:18,360 one in node two, and you subtract that from the one to twenty which 115 00:09:18,399 --> 00:09:22,320 is at the source, and that'll tell you what the value is for the 116 00:09:22,360 --> 00:09:26,200 third node. And when it comes to the voltage, makes sense. They're 117 00:09:26,240 --> 00:09:31,840 additive. Next, and the last component with this one is the resistance. 118 00:09:33,039 --> 00:09:39,840 So the resistance when it comes to a series circuit, the total resistance is 119 00:09:39,879 --> 00:09:43,000 equal to the sum of the resistance of all the parts of the circuit, 120 00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:48,960 just like the voltage. So one thing to remember is when a series circuit 121 00:09:48,279 --> 00:09:54,759 current is the same, the voltage and the resistance are additive. It's a 122 00:09:54,840 --> 00:10:01,000 summation. So if you can remember that series circuit current remains the same voltage 123 00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:07,600 and resistance is summation or additive. So when it comes to the resistance, 124 00:10:07,320 --> 00:10:11,320 the total resistance, it is just the resistance at node one plus the resistance 125 00:10:11,360 --> 00:10:15,919 at node two plus the resistance at node three. Add them all up, 126 00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:22,879 then that's your total resistance. Right now, it's important to realize that you 127 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:26,600 need to know olms law. And I have a separate podcast that I did 128 00:10:26,799 --> 00:10:31,320 just on ohlms Law, so make sure you go check that out. I 129 00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:37,039 think that it is episode Let's Ask Paul. Episode one seventy one, I 130 00:10:37,120 --> 00:10:41,279 believe, But that is just purely an episode on Olms law. Obviously, 131 00:10:41,360 --> 00:10:46,799 to be able to get the values here, the amps, there is the 132 00:10:46,919 --> 00:10:52,320 voltage and resistance, you got to know Olms law. Right, it makes 133 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:58,240 sense that you need to know all of these factors. So if I had 134 00:10:58,279 --> 00:11:05,679 to give you an exam and I gave you some loads in a serious circuit, 135 00:11:07,039 --> 00:11:11,799 and it flows through all these loads, flows through everything. Okay, 136 00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:16,159 So if we had a resistance and maybe we had a light, we have 137 00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:22,480 resistance, and we have some other load and so at we'll call it three 138 00:11:22,519 --> 00:11:26,120 different nodes, Okay, three nodes on a serious circuit, three points where 139 00:11:26,120 --> 00:11:31,039 there's going to be a load. Okay, Okay, So I'm going to 140 00:11:31,080 --> 00:11:35,919 give you some values and we're trying to find what's the overall voltage, what's 141 00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:43,399 the overall current, and what's the overall resistance? Right, makes sense? 142 00:11:45,159 --> 00:11:48,440 Okay, So here's what it is at each node, and if you want 143 00:11:48,480 --> 00:11:52,000 to take notes, you can take notes, and this is also available in 144 00:11:52,039 --> 00:11:54,000 your ugly Okay. So I'm not reinventing the wheel here because I wanted to 145 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:58,679 be able to give you a resource to go back to. But many of 146 00:11:58,720 --> 00:12:01,000 You don't have the ugly, so I just want to talk to you. 147 00:12:01,080 --> 00:12:05,799 These are examples. So the first load is it's eight volts. At that 148 00:12:05,879 --> 00:12:13,159 load, there's point four amps of current and the resistance is twenty ohms. 149 00:12:13,679 --> 00:12:16,320 Okay, well, the first one, we can answer this entire question when 150 00:12:16,320 --> 00:12:20,720 it says what is the current? Remember what we said in this whole thing, 151 00:12:20,799 --> 00:12:24,000 the current in a series is equal to any other part of the circuit. 152 00:12:24,320 --> 00:12:28,679 So I can already tell you the current total for this entire circuit is 153 00:12:28,720 --> 00:12:35,559 going to be point four amps, right, makes sense. That's the total 154 00:12:35,919 --> 00:12:39,480 it again, that's the whole equation there is. We told you that the 155 00:12:39,639 --> 00:12:45,480 current is nothing more. It's the same in every node. It's only the 156 00:12:45,600 --> 00:12:50,200 voltage and the resistance that become additive. Makes sense. Okay, So the 157 00:12:50,279 --> 00:12:54,679 first node was eight vaults, point four amps and twenty olms. Okay, 158 00:12:54,799 --> 00:12:58,120 so we already knock one question out of the way. We know what the 159 00:12:58,120 --> 00:13:03,240 total current is. It's point four as. That's it. The next thing 160 00:13:03,320 --> 00:13:07,639 is the second node, which is ten volts, and then we know it's 161 00:13:07,679 --> 00:13:11,120 point four amps, and then we know it's twenty five ohms of resistance. 162 00:13:11,559 --> 00:13:16,879 Okay, that's the second node, and then the third node was six volts, 163 00:13:16,679 --> 00:13:20,759 and then we had again amps is er point four amps, and then 164 00:13:20,799 --> 00:13:24,720 the resistance is fifteen olms. Well, remember this is easy for us. 165 00:13:26,879 --> 00:13:33,759 So the current is exactly the same, and the volts and the resistance are 166 00:13:33,879 --> 00:13:39,559 additive. So it's simply eight at the first node, plus ten volts at 167 00:13:39,559 --> 00:13:43,240 the second node, plus six volts at the third node. That's twenty four 168 00:13:43,320 --> 00:13:46,399 volts. Easy, psy right. And then it comes to the ohms, 169 00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:50,360 it's simply twenty ohms at the first one, twenty five ohms at the second 170 00:13:50,399 --> 00:13:54,639 one, and fifteen olms at the third one, so that is sixty ohms. 171 00:13:56,559 --> 00:14:03,039 These are pretty simple if you keep in your mind right, Just keep 172 00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:07,080 thinking in your mind that again, when I'm dealing with current, all the 173 00:14:07,120 --> 00:14:09,799 nodes are the same. It's going to be the same current in a serious 174 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:16,279 circuit. But when it comes to the voltage and the resistance it's additive. 175 00:14:16,960 --> 00:14:22,840 Makes sense, okay, So making that a little harder for the serious circuit. 176 00:14:22,279 --> 00:14:24,679 And again, this is about as hard as they're gonna get folks on 177 00:14:24,759 --> 00:14:28,720 an exam. Trusts me, this is gonna be it. So now I've 178 00:14:28,720 --> 00:14:33,279 got four different loads four different resistive loads, and I'm gonna give you the 179 00:14:33,320 --> 00:14:37,720 values, but I'm going to tell you stuff that's missing, and you're gonna 180 00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:39,519 say, what the hell do I solve what's missing? Well, this is 181 00:14:39,519 --> 00:14:43,360 when you got to know owns law. And this is why you need to 182 00:14:43,399 --> 00:14:46,679 listen to the other podcast when it comes to owns Law, because we're gonna 183 00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:52,000 work this one, this one out, but I will bring in those formulas 184 00:14:52,759 --> 00:14:54,799 while we try to solve this. So relax, we'll we'll we'll do it 185 00:14:54,840 --> 00:14:58,080 all together. And this is gonna be tip difficult for you to listen to 186 00:14:58,440 --> 00:15:03,039 and follow up long, so just listen. I will do my best to 187 00:15:03,080 --> 00:15:07,879 elaborate on each node. Okay, I would do my best to do that. 188 00:15:09,120 --> 00:15:13,440 Okay. So the very first load, all we have in our equation 189 00:15:15,639 --> 00:15:20,600 is the resistance seventy two ohms. That's all it gives is. It doesn't 190 00:15:20,639 --> 00:15:26,200 give me the voltage and it doesn't give me the current. Okay, but 191 00:15:26,360 --> 00:15:30,159 watch watch how we're going to do this, because the other loads give you 192 00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:33,200 other varying values, and this is how they do it on exams. Okay, 193 00:15:33,679 --> 00:15:37,320 so that's fine. We know the resistance of R one is seventy two 194 00:15:37,360 --> 00:15:45,320 ohms. Perfect. Now the resistance at the second or the second load gives 195 00:15:45,399 --> 00:15:48,600 us twelve volts, okay, But then it doesn't give us the current, 196 00:15:50,960 --> 00:15:54,080 same as it didn't give us the current on the first one, and then 197 00:15:54,120 --> 00:15:58,080 it doesn't give me the resistance on this one. That's okay, that's okay, 198 00:15:58,360 --> 00:16:00,759 as long as now I've got I've got the vat. So I got 199 00:16:00,759 --> 00:16:03,759 twelve vaults. Okay. So I got twelve vaults so far, and I've 200 00:16:03,759 --> 00:16:07,600 got seventy two ohms in the first resistant resistance ohms, and then the second 201 00:16:07,639 --> 00:16:11,559 one I got nothing. It doesn't tell me. That's fine, that's fine. 202 00:16:12,039 --> 00:16:17,360 So at the third one, now we've got nothing for the voltage. 203 00:16:17,840 --> 00:16:22,080 Okay, that's fine. But we have the current. The current is zero 204 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:26,799 point five ampiers at this node a third node. Great. Remember what we 205 00:16:26,840 --> 00:16:32,120 said about current. Current does not change, it stays the same. So 206 00:16:32,159 --> 00:16:34,360 we have that variable that we can use. And remember now that we have 207 00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:38,039 the current, and then in all these other ones we have the resistance. 208 00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:42,080 We can solve for the other things that we don't know. Remember, if 209 00:16:42,120 --> 00:16:45,759 you listen to my owns Law podcast, this is where people will see a 210 00:16:45,840 --> 00:16:51,480 question like this and freak out. It's all right here. You just have 211 00:16:51,559 --> 00:16:56,200 to take your time, okay. So now this third node also lists it 212 00:16:56,240 --> 00:17:00,559 at forty eight ohms of resistance for this third node, so we're going to 213 00:17:00,559 --> 00:17:03,519 write that down forty eight ons. So the first resistive node was seventy two, 214 00:17:04,319 --> 00:17:07,160 the third one was forty eight. We didn't give us anything for the 215 00:17:07,200 --> 00:17:11,880 second one, and now we move on to the third of the fourth one, 216 00:17:12,680 --> 00:17:18,359 and the fourth one gives me the voltage, which is forty eight vaults 217 00:17:19,400 --> 00:17:25,160 okay, but it doesn't give me any current and it doesn't give me any 218 00:17:25,240 --> 00:17:32,240 resistance. But that's okay, right because we know that the current stays the 219 00:17:32,279 --> 00:17:34,839 same at every location, so it's zero point five for that. So we 220 00:17:34,880 --> 00:17:38,759 could plug that in on all of these and that shows us that on all 221 00:17:38,799 --> 00:17:44,079 of these loads, we now have at least two variables that we can use 222 00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:49,759 to solve the other portions of the loads. Pretty cool, huh, I 223 00:17:49,759 --> 00:17:55,400 mean, it's how it works. Okay, So well we can plug all 224 00:17:55,400 --> 00:17:59,039 this this stuff in. So let's take a summary of what we've got. 225 00:17:59,440 --> 00:18:03,119 Okay, Okay, So I've got the first load. We'll call it the 226 00:18:03,160 --> 00:18:08,559 node node number one, and it has no voltage, no resistance. Excuse 227 00:18:08,599 --> 00:18:11,359 me. It has no voltage, no current, but has a resistance of 228 00:18:11,400 --> 00:18:17,920 seventy two ohms. Okay, so let's work this one first. So what 229 00:18:17,960 --> 00:18:22,119 we do is we know that the current stays the same. So we've got 230 00:18:22,240 --> 00:18:26,039 at this first one, we've got seventy two ohms and we've got a point 231 00:18:26,119 --> 00:18:32,920 five or zero point five of amps. So we know we're trying to solve 232 00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:40,240 for what we want to solve for the voltage? Correct, sweet, So 233 00:18:40,279 --> 00:18:42,319 what do we do? So if you remember back in my other episode, 234 00:18:42,359 --> 00:18:47,839 what formula are we going to use if we have the resistance and we have 235 00:18:48,160 --> 00:18:52,359 the amps. So when it comes to vaults, we have the amps and 236 00:18:52,400 --> 00:18:56,279 we have the resistance. So it's basically to solve for volts, it's the 237 00:18:56,480 --> 00:19:00,519 amps times the vaults, all right, So let's do it. So I'm 238 00:19:00,559 --> 00:19:07,160 at my calculator here, so I've got the amps zero point five times seventy 239 00:19:07,160 --> 00:19:11,759 two, which is the ohms, and that gives me what that gives me 240 00:19:11,119 --> 00:19:18,559 a value of thirty six volts. So that's so at the very first node, 241 00:19:19,160 --> 00:19:26,119 I've got thirty six volts. I've got zero point five amps, which 242 00:19:26,160 --> 00:19:29,200 again was the same as all of them, and then the resistance was seventy 243 00:19:29,200 --> 00:19:33,920 two ohms. Now we've already done number one. That's it. Now we'll 244 00:19:33,920 --> 00:19:37,880 do the whole circuits total after we do each node. Okay, so let's 245 00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:41,119 move on to the second node. So the second node, we had twelve 246 00:19:41,240 --> 00:19:45,640 volts, but we didn't have the current and we didn't have the resistance. 247 00:19:45,079 --> 00:19:48,799 Well, now it's easy, right because we know what the current is. 248 00:19:48,839 --> 00:19:52,720 It's consistent at all points at point five and that was given to us in 249 00:19:52,759 --> 00:19:56,319 the node three. Right, So what do we do? All right, 250 00:19:56,359 --> 00:20:03,640 So we have volts and we have the amps, which is point five. 251 00:20:03,799 --> 00:20:07,559 So now we're solving for the resistance. So we got twelve vaults and we 252 00:20:07,640 --> 00:20:11,119 got zero point five amps. We go back and look at our Ohm's law 253 00:20:11,559 --> 00:20:15,720 wheel and say, okay, what are we trying to solve for. We're 254 00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:18,599 trying to solve for the resistance and oms. Well, if we know the 255 00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:23,839 voltage and we know the amps, then we look at the formula that's that's 256 00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:30,920 best for us, and so again it's simply volts divided by amps. Okay, 257 00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:33,599 so let's do that. Let's see here, So it's volts zero point 258 00:20:33,640 --> 00:20:38,440 five divided by let's see, No, it's a vault. Excuse me, 259 00:20:38,720 --> 00:20:45,480 volts would be it's twelve vaults divided by the amps, which is zero point 260 00:20:45,519 --> 00:20:52,640 five, and that's going to give me twenty four. So we're looking again, 261 00:20:52,640 --> 00:20:56,400 all right, So we're solving for this one. So let's see here 262 00:20:59,559 --> 00:21:02,680 the resist here, Let's see which one do we do in here? Oh, 263 00:21:02,759 --> 00:21:07,519 we're solving for a resistance. So yeah, so we do our vaults. 264 00:21:07,839 --> 00:21:11,039 We go back twelve divided by the amps, and we said it was 265 00:21:11,119 --> 00:21:18,519 zero point five and it's twenty four. Perfect. So at this point we 266 00:21:18,599 --> 00:21:22,880 know that this one is twelve volts, we know that it is point zero 267 00:21:22,039 --> 00:21:29,079 five amps, and we know that the resistance for this one is going to 268 00:21:29,119 --> 00:21:33,440 be twenty four owns boom. That's number two. And at the end, 269 00:21:33,480 --> 00:21:37,759 you remember how we add things up. Okay, you get it, So 270 00:21:37,799 --> 00:21:41,039 that's number two. All right. So the third one, we weren't given 271 00:21:41,079 --> 00:21:45,400 the voltage, but we were given the amps and we were given the resistance. 272 00:21:45,720 --> 00:21:48,119 This is easy. So we're solving for e. We're trying to find 273 00:21:48,160 --> 00:21:52,559 out what the vaults are. But since we have the amps and we have 274 00:21:52,640 --> 00:21:59,359 the resistance, then it's pretty easy, right, we do the amps times 275 00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:03,680 the resistance, so let's just do that on a calculator. So our amps 276 00:22:04,079 --> 00:22:07,880 is zero point five times of resistance and it gave it to us at forty 277 00:22:07,920 --> 00:22:14,119 eight oms and that is twenty four. So our volts for that node is 278 00:22:14,160 --> 00:22:18,440 twenty four volts. So Node three is twenty four volts, the amps is 279 00:22:18,480 --> 00:22:22,599 point five amps, and the resistance which was given to us as forty eight 280 00:22:22,039 --> 00:22:26,279 homes of resistance, and that's number three. And then the last node, 281 00:22:26,559 --> 00:22:33,000 number four. Remember it was forty eight volts for the voltage, but it 282 00:22:33,039 --> 00:22:36,119 didn't give us the amps or the resistance. But we know what the amps 283 00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:40,400 are because that is constant through all of the nodes. That is zero point 284 00:22:40,440 --> 00:22:44,240 five. So we can work this one out. So in this one, 285 00:22:44,279 --> 00:22:49,200 we know that we have the forty eight volts and we know what the amps 286 00:22:49,240 --> 00:22:52,400 are, so let's do No. Number four. So it's forty eight volts, 287 00:22:53,160 --> 00:22:57,119 the amps are zero point five amps, and we're only solving for the 288 00:22:57,160 --> 00:23:03,799 resistance. Well, if we're for the resistance and we have the voltage and 289 00:23:03,839 --> 00:23:10,920 we have the amps, then it's pretty straightforward, right the voltage divided by 290 00:23:10,920 --> 00:23:15,960 the amps. So let's do that. So the voltage is uh, let's 291 00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:19,279 see here, it's forty eight volts divided by the amps zero point five, 292 00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:26,279 and that gives me a total of ninety six ohms. See how that works. 293 00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:30,079 So it's forty eight volts, it is zero point five amps, and 294 00:23:30,119 --> 00:23:36,079 then it's ninety six ohms and that's Node number four. Okay, so now 295 00:23:36,400 --> 00:23:40,319 we have all of our nodes. Node number one it was thirty six volts, 296 00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:42,599 it was point five amps, it was seventy two ohms. Our node 297 00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:48,480 number two was twelve volts zero point five amps, and it was twenty four 298 00:23:48,519 --> 00:23:52,440 ohms. And then Node three, which they didn't give us the voltage, 299 00:23:52,480 --> 00:23:57,039 but we calculated it twenty four volts. Remember the amps stayed the same zero 300 00:23:57,079 --> 00:24:00,480 point five, and then it gave us the omes, which was forty eight 301 00:24:00,519 --> 00:24:04,880 homes. And then Node number four, which gave us the voltage, but 302 00:24:04,960 --> 00:24:08,240 it did not give us the amps or the resistance. But we know that 303 00:24:08,279 --> 00:24:12,079 the amps is easy because it's point five for all of them. So the 304 00:24:12,119 --> 00:24:18,440 amps is point five, and then the resistance we calculated out and that gave 305 00:24:18,480 --> 00:24:22,160 us ninety six oms. So what do you do at the end of the 306 00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:30,079 day? All right? Well, easy, the total current is what zero 307 00:24:30,160 --> 00:24:33,960 point five? Remember that stayed the same. When it comes to the voltage, 308 00:24:34,400 --> 00:24:38,119 it's just summation. So you add them all up. So No. 309 00:24:38,279 --> 00:24:44,200 Number one was thirty six volts, so thirty six plus Node number two was 310 00:24:44,200 --> 00:24:49,599 twelve volts plus Node number three was twenty four volts plus Node number four was 311 00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:53,920 forty eight volts. That he goes one hundred and twenty volts. So this 312 00:24:53,960 --> 00:24:59,119 is one hundred and twenty volt circuit. Okay, And so we solved that 313 00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:03,319 the current again zero point five for all of them. And then lastly was 314 00:25:03,359 --> 00:25:04,799 the resistance and what did you do? What did we say you do for 315 00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:08,880 resistance? It's the summation when it comes to series. So I'm just gonna 316 00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:14,720 add them up. So Node one seventy two ohms of resistance, Noe two 317 00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:18,640 was twenty four oms of resistance. No three was forty eight oms of resistance, 318 00:25:18,680 --> 00:25:22,720 and Node four was ninety six oms of resistance. So the overall resistance 319 00:25:23,839 --> 00:25:32,400 in the entire circuit was two hundred and forty ohms of resistance. That was 320 00:25:32,440 --> 00:25:38,640 the total makes sense. So easiest thing to remember again when it comes to 321 00:25:38,759 --> 00:25:44,200 series, is the current is the same no matter what node of resistance you're 322 00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:48,400 at. The current doesn't change. This is a series circuit. However, 323 00:25:48,559 --> 00:25:53,799 the voltage and the resistance total is based on a summation, and you have 324 00:25:53,839 --> 00:25:59,720 to use the Ohms law to order to solve each load. And then it's 325 00:25:59,720 --> 00:26:03,240 at the it's a matter of just adding those up. So that's why it's 326 00:26:03,279 --> 00:26:08,079 so important that you before you jump into something like a serious circuit. It 327 00:26:08,119 --> 00:26:12,839 may seem simple, it's just a simple serious circuit, but a lot of 328 00:26:12,880 --> 00:26:18,640 this is based on what they give you. And so as long as they 329 00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:22,920 give you some values that you can start doing the equations, you got to 330 00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:25,759 know how to do Ohm's law to be able to get those values in order 331 00:26:25,799 --> 00:26:30,000 to solve your serious circuit. And so if you haven't listened to our podcast 332 00:26:30,039 --> 00:26:37,119 on this entitled Ohms Law Basics, I believe it was episode one seventy one. 333 00:26:37,799 --> 00:26:41,440 Uh and then let's ask Paul series. Make sure you go listen to 334 00:26:41,480 --> 00:26:44,839 that before you do this one. But again, if you've already watched listen 335 00:26:44,920 --> 00:26:47,000 to this one and I'm just telling you that, then it's a little too 336 00:26:47,079 --> 00:26:49,799 late, isn't it. So now jump back and go listen to the Ohms 337 00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:56,000 Law one you'll get a better understanding. But that's the basics of serious circuits. 338 00:26:56,200 --> 00:26:57,759 Okay, all right, that's all we're gonna do for this episode, 339 00:26:57,839 --> 00:27:00,240 just talking series. Yes, I am the only guy in the world that 340 00:27:00,279 --> 00:27:06,000 can drag a serious circuit explanation out to thirty minutes, but it is what 341 00:27:06,039 --> 00:27:07,119 it is. If you don't like it, don't listen until next time, 342 00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:12,519 folks, Stay safe, God bless, and stay tuned for another episode where 343 00:27:12,519 --> 00:27:18,480 I will talk about the basics of a parallel circuit and understanding how you calculate 344 00:27:18,519 --> 00:27:22,240 those out. But before you move on to that one, make sure you 345 00:27:22,319 --> 00:27:27,359 go listen to the Ohms Law episode again, Episode one seventy one. I 346 00:27:27,480 --> 00:27:30,000 believe. Don't hold that to me, all right, till next time, 347 00:27:30,039 --> 00:28:00,680 Stay safe, God bless.