WEBVTT 1 00:00:05.120 --> 00:00:32.359 Thank you for listening to Depiction's Media Radio. Welcome to Policy Rights to show 2 00:00:32.560 --> 00:01:06.079 about government policy and human rights. Welcome back to Policy and Rights here in 3 00:01:06.120 --> 00:01:11.079 Depictions Media Radio. I'm, of course your host Michael Clogs. And in 4 00:01:11.120 --> 00:01:18.319 this next show we're gonna be listening to UM press conference with the WHO from 5 00:01:18.719 --> 00:01:25.400 Geneva as they're talking about global health emergencies and also keep in mind it it's 6 00:01:25.439 --> 00:01:36.480 also part of human rights where they also talk about how people are are denied 7 00:01:36.760 --> 00:01:44.920 in certain areas, denied medications, how governments are withholding medications, in health 8 00:01:44.959 --> 00:01:53.879 treatments, how because of things like war and and disasters, how troublesome is 9 00:01:55.239 --> 00:02:01.239 for the WHO workers to get their doctor. There's into doctors and health workers 10 00:02:01.359 --> 00:02:12.639 into areas so that they can they can treat those UM with with health conditions, 11 00:02:12.759 --> 00:02:20.560 injuries, malnutrition. Something is as simple as we talk. We talk 12 00:02:20.639 --> 00:02:28.280 about UM cures for treatments for diabetes, to brokera loosius, um polio, 13 00:02:28.719 --> 00:02:36.439 all those things that we don't really pay it that closely attention to UM here 14 00:02:36.599 --> 00:02:42.360 in the Canada, the United States, in our western western world with Western 15 00:02:42.360 --> 00:02:53.039 medications. The WHO will point out how those things could be deadly killers in 16 00:02:53.120 --> 00:02:59.800 other parts of the world because they simply just don't have the medication or the 17 00:03:00.000 --> 00:03:07.800 means to get the medication there. So UM with that where uh we we 18 00:03:07.840 --> 00:03:15.319 will start with opening remarks from from doctor Tedro's and he's going to include things 19 00:03:15.360 --> 00:03:27.280 like UM behavioral sciences, drowning and prevention that we can stop some UM something's 20 00:03:27.319 --> 00:03:36.240 from happening in health wise if we use presentative measures that the who has actually 21 00:03:36.280 --> 00:03:44.400 lined out UH food and micronutrients, UH, indigenous health for for people. 22 00:03:45.240 --> 00:03:50.800 UM he's going to be talking about some of those things along with that. 23 00:03:51.039 --> 00:04:02.400 UM I did receive a update from about a disease outbreak, the Marburg virus 24 00:04:02.520 --> 00:04:13.360 disease and the United Republic of Tanzania. As of June's second the United Republican 25 00:04:13.439 --> 00:04:24.360 of Tanzania declared the end of his first documented outbreak of Marburg virus. Between 26 00:04:25.160 --> 00:04:30.879 twenty one March and thirty one May, a total of nine cases UM eight 27 00:04:31.360 --> 00:04:41.920 laboratory confirmed and one probable were reported. All the cases reported were from book 28 00:04:42.279 --> 00:04:55.839 Oba districts the of the Tangeria region. A total of six deaths. The 29 00:04:56.160 --> 00:05:00.959 fatality ratio is sixties seven percent, which is pretty high. For anything in 30 00:05:01.040 --> 00:05:13.839 accordance to WHO recommendations. The declaration was made forty two days after the last 31 00:05:13.879 --> 00:05:25.680 probable exposure to the Marburg virus was probable or confirmed. The WHO encourages countries 32 00:05:25.720 --> 00:05:34.839 to maintain most responsive activities for three months after the outbreakings to ensure no re 33 00:05:35.120 --> 00:05:44.279 emergence of disease. So with that, why don't we listen to the press 34 00:05:44.319 --> 00:05:56.040 conference as it happened in Geneva in the WHO headquarters. Hello, everybody, 35 00:05:56.160 --> 00:06:00.600 this is my great house in World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, welcoming you 36 00:06:00.680 --> 00:06:06.040 to our global press briefing on current health issues today the second of June two 37 00:06:06.079 --> 00:06:11.800 thy and twenty three. As usual, we will start with opening remarks from 38 00:06:11.800 --> 00:06:15.879 our Director General, Doctor ted Dross Namgabresis, and I will then open the 39 00:06:15.920 --> 00:06:20.279 floor to questions and our panel of technical experts, both here in the room 40 00:06:20.639 --> 00:06:27.079 and online will be available to answer all your questions. Just to let you 41 00:06:27.120 --> 00:06:29.920 know who's in the room. In the room, we have doctor Ted Ross 42 00:06:30.000 --> 00:06:33.680 in the middle, and to doctor Ted Ross is right we have doctor Michael 43 00:06:33.759 --> 00:06:40.720 Ryan, our executive director, Executive director of our Health Emergencies Program. Next 44 00:06:40.720 --> 00:06:45.720 to doctor Ryan is doctor Olivier Pollard, the incident manager for the SADAN response, 45 00:06:46.240 --> 00:06:51.519 and next to around the corner next to doctor Pola is doctor Katharina Byrne 46 00:06:51.759 --> 00:06:58.199 burm Our, Assistant Director General for External Relations. To doctor Ted Ross is 47 00:06:58.279 --> 00:07:02.600 left, we have doctor Maria van Kirkoff, technical lead for COVID nineteen and 48 00:07:02.720 --> 00:07:10.759 next to doctor van Kirkoff we have doctor Abdivaman Mahmoud Mamadi, who's the director 49 00:07:10.839 --> 00:07:15.879 for a lot in Response, a coordination department of our Health Emergencies program. 50 00:07:16.360 --> 00:07:20.439 We also have a large panel of experts online and we will call on them 51 00:07:20.959 --> 00:07:28.079 as your questions require specific technical answers. But now, without further ado, 52 00:07:28.279 --> 00:07:30.959 I'll hand the floor to doctor Tetras. Doctor Tetras, you have the floor. 53 00:07:34.439 --> 00:07:39.639 Thank you, Thank you, Margaret, good morning, good afternoon, 54 00:07:39.680 --> 00:07:44.759 and good evening. Over the past two weeks, help leaders from around the 55 00:07:44.800 --> 00:07:50.600 world gathered in Geneva for the annual World Health Assembly. There were many significant 56 00:07:50.639 --> 00:07:59.040 resolutions and decisions taken on the vast array of issues on which w JOE works. 57 00:08:00.160 --> 00:08:07.079 This includes behavioral sciences, best buys for NONCOMMUNICABILITIESES, diagnostics, disabilities, 58 00:08:07.560 --> 00:08:16.120 drowning prevention, emergency, critical and operative care, food, micronutriants, indigenous 59 00:08:16.120 --> 00:08:22.399 health, infection prevention and control, maternal in child health, medical oxygen, 60 00:08:22.079 --> 00:08:31.040 primary health care, refugee and migrant health, rehabilitation, traditional medicine, chose 61 00:08:31.079 --> 00:08:37.559 work on emergencies and much more. The approval of the budget for twenty twenty 62 00:08:37.600 --> 00:08:45.480 four twenty five, including the twenty percent increase in assess contributions and support for 63 00:08:45.559 --> 00:08:52.039 an investment round our landmark agreements in our shared efforts towards stronger, more effective 64 00:08:52.480 --> 00:09:01.279 and empowered WHO, and the year ahead offers several opportunity it is to make 65 00:09:01.679 --> 00:09:07.320 further progress. In particular, the high level meetings in September on inversal health 66 00:09:07.360 --> 00:09:15.200 coverage, tuerkulosis and pandemic preparedness and response at the UN General Assembly are major 67 00:09:15.200 --> 00:09:24.080 opportunities to catalyze political commitment. Likewise, the continuing negotiations on the Pandemic Accord 68 00:09:24.639 --> 00:09:31.519 and amendments to the International Health Regulations are un unprecedented opportunity for us all to 69 00:09:31.600 --> 00:09:37.080 learn from the successes and failures of the response to the COVID nineteen pandemic. 70 00:09:39.799 --> 00:09:48.679 There are several key points words repeating to avoid misconceptions. First, this accord 71 00:09:48.840 --> 00:09:56.080 is a generational opportunity that we must cease. We are the generation that lead 72 00:09:56.240 --> 00:10:01.759 to the COVID nineteen pandemic, so we must be the generation that learns the 73 00:10:01.879 --> 00:10:09.799 lessons it taught us and makes the changes to keep future generations safer. Second, 74 00:10:11.799 --> 00:10:18.320 the two processes are negotiated by member states for member states, and will, 75 00:10:18.480 --> 00:10:24.639 if enacted, be implemented in member states in accordance with their own national 76 00:10:26.039 --> 00:10:33.720 laws. Third, all member states will retain their own sovereignity to set their 77 00:10:33.799 --> 00:10:41.960 own domestic health policies. The idea that this Accord or the amended International Health 78 00:10:41.960 --> 00:10:48.519 Aglations will ceed sovereignity to who is simply bogus and, as I said it 79 00:10:48.600 --> 00:10:56.320 many times, fake news who will not gain any power to override domestic policy 80 00:10:56.360 --> 00:11:05.840 decisions, nor would we want to. I know the journalists listening to this 81 00:11:07.000 --> 00:11:13.440 briefing are largely health and science journalists who have a deeper understanding of health and 82 00:11:13.879 --> 00:11:22.720 understand how an accord can help bolister our collective pandemic defenses. So I ask 83 00:11:22.759 --> 00:11:26.720 you to keep following the facts about these two processes, to dispel myths, 84 00:11:28.120 --> 00:11:33.759 and to inform your colleagues on the news and editorial desks. So there is 85 00:11:35.000 --> 00:11:43.759 accurate reporting. These processes represent a serious commitment from all one hundred ninety four 86 00:11:43.320 --> 00:11:58.440 member states towards their populations, and we cannot let miss and disinformation jeopardize them. 87 00:11:58.480 --> 00:12:03.919 Next to some good news on the outbreaks of Marburg virus disease in Equatorial 88 00:12:03.960 --> 00:12:13.399 Guinea and Tanzania. Today Tanzania declared its outbreak over forty two days after the 89 00:12:13.519 --> 00:12:22.480 last patient tested negative for the second time. The outbreak in Equatorial guineas also 90 00:12:22.559 --> 00:12:31.600 expected to be declared over next week if no further cases are detected. Who 91 00:12:31.720 --> 00:12:37.120 will continue to support both countries to strengthen their outbreak prevention and preparedness activities. 92 00:12:41.320 --> 00:12:46.279 Now to the Greater Horn of Africa, which faces a deepening hunger and health 93 00:12:46.320 --> 00:12:54.799 crisis. The region comprises seven countries Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, 94 00:12:54.960 --> 00:13:01.279 South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda, and it is already in the midst of 95 00:13:01.320 --> 00:13:09.000 the world's drought on record. In the first half of this year, heavy 96 00:13:09.120 --> 00:13:15.879 downpours on the baked earth have caused flash floods in parts of Ethiopia, Kenya 97 00:13:16.759 --> 00:13:24.600 and Somalia that displays thousands of people. Floods increase the risk of water and 98 00:13:24.679 --> 00:13:31.279 mosquito bond dises in a region already impacted by malaria, cholera and other infectious 99 00:13:31.320 --> 00:13:39.159 diases. Fifty three million people one in six are facing crisis levels of hunger. 100 00:13:41.120 --> 00:13:48.519 WHO and our partners are on the ground ensuring access to basic health services, 101 00:13:48.519 --> 00:13:54.080 providing treatment to siverly Malner's children, and helping countries detect, prevent and 102 00:13:54.240 --> 00:14:03.240 respond to diss outbreaks, but alack of resources is hindering our response. Under 103 00:14:03.279 --> 00:14:09.600 our Health Emergency Appeal for twenty twenty three, WHO is asking for one hundred 104 00:14:09.679 --> 00:14:16.799 seventy eight millionaires dollars to Enablace to deliver urgently needed life saving medical aid. 105 00:14:20.320 --> 00:14:28.919 We face critical funding gaps and we urged donors to be generous. In Sudan, 106 00:14:30.759 --> 00:14:37.960 the situation has been compounded by violence. Fighting which started on the fifteenth 107 00:14:37.039 --> 00:14:45.679 of April is continuing for a seventh week. People are dying because they can't 108 00:14:45.759 --> 00:14:52.159 access hospitals and receive the care they need to treat injuries or the medicines they 109 00:14:52.200 --> 00:15:01.480 need to treat chronic discs such as davits or hypertension. Women cannot safely deliver 110 00:15:01.559 --> 00:15:07.360 their babies, and children are dying of malnutrition. And dehydration. With the 111 00:15:07.480 --> 00:15:13.120 upcoming rainy season, there is an increased risk of outbreaks of water borne and 112 00:15:13.200 --> 00:15:22.279 mosquito borne dises, which could pose significant health issues. Since the beginning of 113 00:15:22.320 --> 00:15:30.360 the conflict, over one point six million people have been displaced, both internally 114 00:15:31.200 --> 00:15:41.759 and to neighboring countries. WHO is working closely with health authorities in neighboring countries 115 00:15:43.559 --> 00:15:52.320 to provide care to refugees. Health workers, supplies and facilities continue to be 116 00:15:52.519 --> 00:16:00.960 targeted. Since the fighting started, has verified forty six attacks on healthcare, 117 00:16:00.080 --> 00:16:07.679 leading to eight days and eighteen injuries. Sixteen of these attacks took place after 118 00:16:07.720 --> 00:16:17.440 the signing of the Jetta Declaration to protect Civilians on the eleventh of May. 119 00:16:17.559 --> 00:16:26.200 This is unacceptable. Along with other humanitarian agencies, WHO has worked to accelerate 120 00:16:26.240 --> 00:16:32.799 the distribution of life saving medical supplies. We have sent a total of one 121 00:16:32.879 --> 00:16:40.960 hundred seventy metric tones of medical supplies, including for trauma and injuries, chronic 122 00:16:41.000 --> 00:16:49.720 and infectious Jesus by air, land and sea. However, limited access and 123 00:16:49.919 --> 00:16:56.240 insecurity continue to hamper our efforts to get the supplies to where they can be 124 00:16:56.399 --> 00:17:03.799 used to save lives. We urge all parties in Sudan to resume his fire 125 00:17:03.880 --> 00:17:11.160 negotiations, stop the fighting, withdraw from health facilities, protect health workers, 126 00:17:11.200 --> 00:17:19.079 and support the delivery of life saving supplies. Finally, the fourth Held for 127 00:17:19.200 --> 00:17:26.039 All Film Festival will have its award ceremony on Tuesday, the sixth of June. 128 00:17:26.440 --> 00:17:32.839 The Held for All Film Festival brings a human phase to who scientific work. 129 00:17:33.720 --> 00:17:38.559 Listening to the voices of people affected by health issues is a powerful way 130 00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:48.200 to raise awareness and improve our understanding of people's experiences. I congratulate in advance 131 00:17:48.240 --> 00:17:55.400 the winners and my thanks to the distinguished members of the jury. The award 132 00:17:55.519 --> 00:18:03.119 ceremony will be webcast on the website and we imbite everyone to join. Margaret 133 00:18:03.079 --> 00:18:07.160 back to you. Thank you very much, Doctor Ted. Last, so 134 00:18:07.200 --> 00:18:11.960 I'll now open the floor for question and answers. We actually have a lot 135 00:18:11.000 --> 00:18:15.400 of you online despite it being a Friday afternoon, and a lot of hands 136 00:18:15.440 --> 00:18:18.480 up already, so I ask you to keep your questions short and crisp, 137 00:18:18.960 --> 00:18:25.319 and the first question we'll go to giacop lunch for from Rifa. Sharemy please 138 00:18:25.359 --> 00:18:30.440 and mute yourself and ask a question. Thank you, all right, you 139 00:18:30.640 --> 00:18:36.960 longing to everyone. I'd like to ask the question about the disease outbreak news 140 00:18:37.079 --> 00:18:45.079 that you just posted concerning France. France reported increases silly. The national steps 141 00:18:45.200 --> 00:18:52.079 is associated with ANKO, a virus. I would like to know the risk 142 00:18:52.200 --> 00:18:56.599 assessment is considers to be little. But how concerned are you by this disease? 143 00:18:56.759 --> 00:19:03.839 How unusual it is and is friends the only country that I've reported such 144 00:19:04.880 --> 00:19:11.759 cases in. Thank you, Thank you Jeremy doctor at the moment will answer 145 00:19:11.880 --> 00:19:18.000 question and you may have some additions. Thank you for that, and thanks 146 00:19:18.200 --> 00:19:23.799 appreciating the French authority for reporting that and for the detail investigation that was done. 147 00:19:23.880 --> 00:19:29.200 Saving lives is very important. Coming back to your question, I think 148 00:19:29.200 --> 00:19:33.960 it's very general and I don't want to spend some time explain different virus groups, 149 00:19:33.079 --> 00:19:37.720 but just to rate it again, this is part of introvirus. These 150 00:19:37.759 --> 00:19:44.720 a big virus families that can cause most of the time a symptomatic affect in 151 00:19:44.759 --> 00:19:51.960 everyone, but some of them within particularities. Group A coal virus eleven we're 152 00:19:52.039 --> 00:19:56.759 seen as we have seen through COVID another r and a virus is more. 153 00:19:56.039 --> 00:20:03.039 The virus go through evolution either by combine in itself or by not proof reading 154 00:20:03.079 --> 00:20:08.799 the mistakes it does so what we have seen right now is a new recomponent 155 00:20:08.960 --> 00:20:14.519 form of this. This was a very rare disease that it used to happen, 156 00:20:15.079 --> 00:20:21.240 but since April now and from DULA last year until every last day when 157 00:20:21.240 --> 00:20:26.200 the France Authority reporters in nine case have reported still very in number. But 158 00:20:26.480 --> 00:20:30.640 we need to have a better surveillance monitor in all these introviruses. As part 159 00:20:30.640 --> 00:20:37.240 of the polar education is if polic self is another introviruses. A lot of 160 00:20:37.279 --> 00:20:41.759 countries have only focused reduced the surveillance. So the main messages we are not 161 00:20:41.920 --> 00:20:45.759 worried about it. Of course very sad for what happened for this children and 162 00:20:45.880 --> 00:20:49.599 a lot of all treatment and care needs to happen. The costs of self 163 00:20:49.799 --> 00:20:56.799 is widespread and the clinician care time locate is important to retreat again from ourselves. 164 00:20:56.799 --> 00:21:00.720 The risk from post from this recombination is still limited, but we are 165 00:21:00.799 --> 00:21:07.559 calling to an increased surveillance. The AUTMCC are working with all the member states 166 00:21:07.680 --> 00:21:11.240 trying to understand better seeing the surveillance has gone down and we miss in other 167 00:21:11.319 --> 00:21:17.799 cases. So we'll keep updating more as we get more information from other members 168 00:21:17.839 --> 00:21:22.160 state within the eupin Union and from other regions. For now the numbers remains 169 00:21:22.400 --> 00:21:26.759 small, but the clinicians and the families of a critical read to play in 170 00:21:26.839 --> 00:21:33.559 saving lives. Thank you, doctor and doctor Bryan. We'll add a few 171 00:21:33.559 --> 00:21:37.599 more comments. Yeah, and I think it's important to say that entrovirus infections 172 00:21:37.599 --> 00:21:41.880 of rativerse. They happen all over the world every year, and the overwhelming 173 00:21:41.920 --> 00:21:48.119 majority of these infections are very mild in most children and most saddults. Their 174 00:21:48.279 --> 00:21:53.039 whole range of entroviruses. Every mentioned echovirus, there's carpsaki virus, they're the 175 00:21:53.079 --> 00:22:00.519 polioviruses. There are a group of viruses there in a big family of pcorn 176 00:22:00.519 --> 00:22:04.240 of viridae. I think it's how they're lumped together. But in this sense, 177 00:22:04.680 --> 00:22:10.359 in many ways they're joined by many ways in which they transmit. In 178 00:22:10.400 --> 00:22:14.160 the normal situation, they often transmit by the fecal or route. But for 179 00:22:14.279 --> 00:22:18.119 neonates, there are other ways in which a neonate can be infected, either 180 00:22:18.319 --> 00:22:22.920 through around the time of birth and the birth canal exposure to blood, exposure 181 00:22:22.960 --> 00:22:26.759 to carrors in the hospital environment, or whatever. And neonates are particularly vulnerable, 182 00:22:26.839 --> 00:22:30.839 particularly preterm neonates. So but you have as a vulnerable group been exposed 183 00:22:30.880 --> 00:22:36.400 to these viruses, and the outcomes of those children can be more severe, 184 00:22:36.759 --> 00:22:41.400 but for the vast majority even of those children, the outcomes are very positive. 185 00:22:41.640 --> 00:22:45.759 But there are a small proportion in this case the Equo virus and fansful. 186 00:22:45.839 --> 00:22:49.759 In the UK we've had Catsaki virus as well causing problems with myocarditis. 187 00:22:49.920 --> 00:22:55.880 There's these viruses target different organs. Some cause the cephalitis, some cause myochidiitis 188 00:22:55.960 --> 00:23:00.799 or infection of the heart. Some can have effects on most organs. But 189 00:23:00.039 --> 00:23:04.680 again I think it's importance that these are viruses that are natural in an environment 190 00:23:04.720 --> 00:23:08.359 that have been with us for huns as polio has been with us for thousands 191 00:23:08.359 --> 00:23:11.400 of years. But it is important that we keep an eye on them. 192 00:23:11.519 --> 00:23:15.640 They do evolve, they do change, and they can replace each other. 193 00:23:18.160 --> 00:23:21.839 So I would like to thank the governments of the United Kingdom and Fans were 194 00:23:21.880 --> 00:23:26.720 maintaining such good surveillance. And this is where genomics and genetics become very important. 195 00:23:26.720 --> 00:23:29.400 I've been able to track viruses where he has spoken about this for the 196 00:23:29.440 --> 00:23:33.359 last three years. Our ability to detect these events is getting better and as 197 00:23:33.400 --> 00:23:38.759 such that's important. But there isn't the cause here for heightened fear amongst people. 198 00:23:38.799 --> 00:23:42.319 It means the scientists are doing their jobs. They're detecting these events, 199 00:23:42.359 --> 00:23:45.880 they're sequencing them, they're looking at the risk. It is a real tragedy 200 00:23:45.920 --> 00:23:51.279 for any family, in this particular case in Fans to lose a child at 201 00:23:51.319 --> 00:23:56.039 this time after what may have been a very healthy pregnancy. So you know, 202 00:23:56.119 --> 00:24:00.039 we should really think about those families and the loss that losses that they 203 00:24:00.039 --> 00:24:04.000 are suffered, and as we order them to understand these viruses more, to 204 00:24:04.079 --> 00:24:08.680 understand how they're spread, to understand how they cause what they do. But 205 00:24:10.079 --> 00:24:14.039 again, for the vast majority of people experiencing an infection with connenta virus, 206 00:24:14.519 --> 00:24:18.400 the outcome is entirely positive. For many children don't even know they have these 207 00:24:18.440 --> 00:24:22.880 infections. Thank you very much for those answers, Doctor Ryan and doctor Mahmood. 208 00:24:23.079 --> 00:24:29.440 The next question goes to Beliza don't Know from w Magazine Portugal. Belissa 209 00:24:29.759 --> 00:24:36.240 and mute yourself and ask you a question. Please, thank you for taking 210 00:24:36.279 --> 00:24:41.400 my question. Yes, sir, day Way Children's a single service repository on 211 00:24:41.519 --> 00:24:48.720 the right dependency information is cho has any plan to control the situation of psychoactive 212 00:24:48.799 --> 00:24:52.400 drugs and medicine in the world. Thank you, Thank you, Belisa. 213 00:24:52.559 --> 00:24:56.680 We did. Indeed, I'm not sure that we have one of those experts 214 00:24:56.720 --> 00:25:03.880 online. It's an excellent question. We do. Okay, I moved to 215 00:25:03.920 --> 00:25:07.720 our regulatory people, but I don't think that they were necessarily prepared for this 216 00:25:07.839 --> 00:25:11.680 question. But doctor Davis, would you like to answer that question? If 217 00:25:11.720 --> 00:25:18.640 not, we can handle three million inquiries. Yeah, I'll give a preliminary 218 00:25:18.799 --> 00:25:22.039 response to this, but I think most of it we need to follow it 219 00:25:23.079 --> 00:25:29.799 afterwards. In terms of drug dependence, we have a program that indeed that 220 00:25:30.039 --> 00:25:37.880 is monitoring and accelitating countries in terms of having appropriate framework for regulation of access 221 00:25:37.000 --> 00:25:44.440 but also control of drugs that may result into the dependence. And we work 222 00:25:44.480 --> 00:25:52.359 together with the UN Program on Drug Dependence and Control und und or C in 223 00:25:52.359 --> 00:25:57.400 this respect. First of what classified what these drugs are, put them in 224 00:25:57.440 --> 00:26:06.599 that classification, and then appropriate to the put measures that can control access these 225 00:26:06.680 --> 00:26:12.000 drugs. Now, there's a strict balance that the needs happened here one because 226 00:26:12.000 --> 00:26:18.720 they cause a dependence, so that the access must be controlled so that if 227 00:26:18.799 --> 00:26:22.680 they're not overused, But then they are also circumstances where they are needed be 228 00:26:22.839 --> 00:26:30.359 used in management of certain conditions, so there must be also measures to allow 229 00:26:30.440 --> 00:26:36.000 their access under control as pervised conditions. So we have guidance on this for 230 00:26:36.160 --> 00:26:41.759 member states and we can always follow up with the specificates would like support in 231 00:26:41.960 --> 00:26:47.839 putting up and managing these measures. Over thanks, thank you very much, 232 00:26:47.880 --> 00:26:52.440 Doctor Days. Thank if your proper name, it's doctor Daost move bound Ze. 233 00:26:52.839 --> 00:26:57.400 Apologies that I've pronounced it incorrectly. And he's a Prequalification Unit coordinator. 234 00:26:57.880 --> 00:27:02.319 And as I said, if you need more information, Belisa, we'll handle 235 00:27:02.359 --> 00:27:11.359 it via media inquiries. The next question goes to Gabriella Sotomayer from Processo Mexico. 236 00:27:11.519 --> 00:27:19.839 Gabriella, please I mute yourself and ask your question. Thanks, Gabriella, 237 00:27:19.880 --> 00:27:26.160 we've lost you. We can't hear you, Gabriella. We started hearing 238 00:27:26.160 --> 00:27:33.519 you and then you cut out. Looks like we've lost you, Gabriella. 239 00:27:33.519 --> 00:27:36.039 We've got some others on the line, so what we'll do is we'll go 240 00:27:36.119 --> 00:27:40.920 to the next question and then we'll move back to you later on. Just 241 00:27:41.000 --> 00:27:45.160 maybe you check your line at your end. So now, the next question 242 00:27:45.240 --> 00:27:48.400 goes to Ravi Kump from the Wire Love you, please un mute yourself and 243 00:27:48.480 --> 00:27:56.559 ask your question. Yeah, thank you, madam. Oh. My question 244 00:27:56.759 --> 00:28:02.680 is to the D word. You know, complaints being made by civil society 245 00:28:02.839 --> 00:28:14.200 organizations and some governments about the ongoing discussions on privatizing several initiatives within who I'm 246 00:28:14.279 --> 00:28:21.319 you're referring to a six stroke three to document. Why is it that the 247 00:28:21.440 --> 00:28:26.160 DG is sort of opting for this at a time when you know, serving 248 00:28:26.200 --> 00:28:37.200 the vulnerable populations is his core concern because we all know that privatization of health 249 00:28:37.519 --> 00:28:44.000 has caused major disasters in the country. Of the country called d respond, 250 00:28:44.079 --> 00:28:52.119 please servistic and I should inform is that the wire is a major publication from 251 00:28:52.160 --> 00:28:57.720 India. Are you referring to a particular resolution on universal health coverage that? 252 00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:04.880 I'm sorry, it's completely clear what a specific request is. It's about the 253 00:29:06.039 --> 00:29:11.720 eight seven six two three two. Do you know about us bringing voluntary funds 254 00:29:11.839 --> 00:29:17.720 and trying to throw the doors open because of the resource? Can't which the 255 00:29:17.920 --> 00:29:26.200 wh voice facing it's a financing Okay, no, I can, yeah, 256 00:29:26.319 --> 00:29:33.160 thank you. Of course, the most important decision by Member states this year 257 00:29:33.559 --> 00:29:44.079 was not actually that Member states have agreed to increase assess contribution, meaning all 258 00:29:44.200 --> 00:29:51.920 member states to contribute based on the share they get to whom, and that's 259 00:29:51.920 --> 00:29:56.440 why in my speech I said the twenty percent increase agreed this year is significant. 260 00:29:57.640 --> 00:30:04.279 It's historic and a big, a huge milestone. So that's where our 261 00:30:04.359 --> 00:30:11.920 resources come. And the second will be the investment round, which we have 262 00:30:12.200 --> 00:30:18.720 also got a signal from our members says to start where the other bulk of 263 00:30:18.799 --> 00:30:29.039 the funding would would come and this is mainly again donor countries. Then the 264 00:30:29.200 --> 00:30:33.200 other part could be from the private sector, but this is not part of 265 00:30:33.240 --> 00:30:37.519 the two. For the private sector, we don't get involved directly. So 266 00:30:37.559 --> 00:30:44.759 what happens is we have the DOUBLEHO Foundation, which we have established a few 267 00:30:44.839 --> 00:30:49.440 years ago as part of our transformation, so the private sector can contribute to 268 00:30:49.480 --> 00:30:56.960 do WHO foundation. So there is a firewall between who Founder, between the 269 00:30:56.000 --> 00:31:03.519 private sector and WHO, but the funding we get through that mechanism is very, 270 00:31:03.680 --> 00:31:12.960 very minor. So I think your concern is really well addressed. When 271 00:31:12.960 --> 00:31:22.279 we design the way we mobilize resources and we don't allow any interference by the 272 00:31:22.519 --> 00:31:30.119 private sector or any entity, and we focus on science and evidence and do 273 00:31:30.319 --> 00:31:34.240 our work based based on that. But if there is any conflict of interest, 274 00:31:34.640 --> 00:31:41.680 we have ways to manage to manage that. Thank you, and back 275 00:31:41.720 --> 00:31:45.680 to Margaret. Thank you very much, Doctor Tatlers. The next question comes 276 00:31:45.720 --> 00:31:53.519 from Malaysia from son In and her organization. Her outlet is correct Blue Silin. 277 00:31:53.759 --> 00:32:00.559 Please I mute yourself and ask you a question. Thank you, Margaret. 278 00:32:00.839 --> 00:32:04.680 Um, So, our constant is not probato control and it's for the 279 00:32:04.799 --> 00:32:10.319 Director General Um, the Malaysian government. We certainly legalize and built with magical 280 00:32:10.640 --> 00:32:16.000 or textingial purposes and to go the local and the Magia government did this. 281 00:32:16.240 --> 00:32:21.119 We've got implemental any regulations. That's what I love. E cigarettes. So 282 00:32:21.200 --> 00:32:24.880 E cigaretts can be legally sold in Malaysia to children and teenagers and there are 283 00:32:24.920 --> 00:32:30.279 no regulations whatsoever on the advertising or packaging and labelieve, Um, do you 284 00:32:30.400 --> 00:32:37.319 consider this to be antithetical the public health? Thank you for that question. 285 00:32:37.440 --> 00:32:40.319 I may pass it first of all to the Unit HIT for Tobacco Control. 286 00:32:40.480 --> 00:32:45.759 If doctor Turtles agrees, yes, we've got we've got our unit hit, 287 00:32:46.960 --> 00:32:53.799 yes and no, we can say something no, I think um. First 288 00:32:53.839 --> 00:33:01.400 of all, whether it's electronic cigarette or easy garrett or vaping, it has 289 00:33:01.440 --> 00:33:12.079 to be regulated and we ask member states to do their best to, you 290 00:33:12.119 --> 00:33:22.240 know, protect their citizens. When the tobacco introduced tobacco industry introduced electronic cigarette 291 00:33:22.359 --> 00:33:31.359 and vaping, one narrative they tried to really sell is is that this is 292 00:33:31.440 --> 00:33:38.359 part of harm reduction. It's not true. It actually is a trap, 293 00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:47.960 and a trap meaning kids are being recruited at early age ten, eleven, 294 00:33:49.079 --> 00:33:54.759 twelve to do vaping and easy Garrett, because they think that it's cool because 295 00:33:54.799 --> 00:34:00.839 it comes in different colors, different flavor and and and and so on. 296 00:34:01.680 --> 00:34:10.679 Then they get hooked for life and most actually move into regular cigarette smoking. 297 00:34:12.280 --> 00:34:19.239 That's why it's a trap. But EA cigarette and vaping itself is also harmful. 298 00:34:21.199 --> 00:34:24.119 It's harmful. So because of these two things, I think what we 299 00:34:24.239 --> 00:34:37.440 say to um all countries is please protect your citizens, especially your children starting 300 00:34:37.559 --> 00:34:52.480 vaping an electronic cigarette early and many adverts being done. Recent studies show that 301 00:34:52.679 --> 00:35:01.000 inside or near schools, So it has to be regulated and it has to 302 00:35:01.039 --> 00:35:09.079 be taken seriously. Thank you, Thank you very much, doctor doctor Tetras. 303 00:35:09.119 --> 00:35:14.920 And now we're moved to try Gabriella again. Gabriella, can you try 304 00:35:15.119 --> 00:35:20.199 once again to admut yourself and ask your question. Gabrielle, Yes, thank 305 00:35:20.199 --> 00:35:23.519 you very much, Olah. Doctor. In Mexico, there is a serious 306 00:35:23.559 --> 00:35:29.199 crisis due to the lack of medicines. The most warring shortage today due to 307 00:35:29.199 --> 00:35:35.079 the lack of options are in medicine to treat schizophrenia by polar disorder and major 308 00:35:35.119 --> 00:35:40.320 depressive disorder conditions that in Mexico's office some four point nine million people. The 309 00:35:40.440 --> 00:35:46.039 government at Mexico said that the UN Office for Project Services UNOPS has worsen it 310 00:35:46.360 --> 00:35:52.519 medicine shortages in Mexico. They are accusing EUNOPS because the government signed a couperation 311 00:35:52.559 --> 00:35:58.679 agreement in July twenty twenty. I can't ask for your comments on this warring 312 00:35:58.719 --> 00:36:02.960 situation in Mexico. Thank you so much, Gabriella. That's highly specific to 313 00:36:04.000 --> 00:36:07.280 a situation in a country, so I doubt that we would have any comment, 314 00:36:09.679 --> 00:36:15.960 but doctor DAOs maybe able to talk about sort of the overall situation with 315 00:36:15.119 --> 00:36:21.280 regulation of medicines and management of access. So doctor Teos over to you. 316 00:36:22.840 --> 00:36:27.159 Thank you very much. Indeed, I just said that is a specific question 317 00:36:27.320 --> 00:36:32.480 that and they also involving UNUS, where I don't have a detail, but 318 00:36:32.559 --> 00:36:38.440 just speaking general about access, there are many factors that affect access to since 319 00:36:38.840 --> 00:36:47.280 starting right away from forecasting, quantification, portrayment processes and then actually a very 320 00:36:47.480 --> 00:36:53.840 vera bit of time, a vera bit of funding to be able to PROTUA 321 00:36:53.920 --> 00:37:00.480 the medicines and then the logistics for their for their day about it, but 322 00:37:00.559 --> 00:37:06.840 also efficient to the generatory system. So they are there are many situations and 323 00:37:07.039 --> 00:37:14.119 CHU has many interventions and programs that work at the different stages of the supply 324 00:37:14.280 --> 00:37:20.960 chain. I don't have the specific and they would like to check on the 325 00:37:21.079 --> 00:37:28.480 specific cause in this respect of Mexico and the agreement with the Roar of UNOPS. 326 00:37:29.280 --> 00:37:31.519 This will need to cross check and then come back to you on the 327 00:37:31.559 --> 00:37:37.440 specifics. Thank you, Thanks very much, doctor DAOs and Gabriella, if 328 00:37:37.440 --> 00:37:39.440 you'd like to put a question through media inquiries again, we'll make sure that 329 00:37:39.440 --> 00:37:45.679 we facilitate those answers for you. The next question goes to my plans of 330 00:37:45.840 --> 00:37:52.599 the UN brief. Maya follows UN processes very closely and we've just finished our 331 00:37:52.599 --> 00:37:55.440 World Health Assembly, so I'm expecting that's what the questions about. But please 332 00:37:55.480 --> 00:38:00.880 go ahead, Maya and mutual self and ask a question. Thank you very 333 00:38:00.960 --> 00:38:08.400 much. Doctor. My question is related actually to the stigmented decomposition doing the 334 00:38:08.480 --> 00:38:20.880 assembly, who who was caution and the people using chap gpt um for medical 335 00:38:21.000 --> 00:38:28.840 diagnostics and other studies and so on using chap gpt So when my question is 336 00:38:28.960 --> 00:38:36.159 what specifically do you recommend? Is recommending in that sense are you creating a 337 00:38:36.199 --> 00:38:40.719 working group or is there the working groups that are are already working and the 338 00:38:40.840 --> 00:38:51.360 issues of your and emergent technologies be prompted and usedful for doing studies and looking 339 00:38:51.440 --> 00:38:59.599 more closely at the uses and possible misuses of track GP three. Thank you, 340 00:38:59.679 --> 00:39:01.760 mine. It's a really excellent question, and I know we are doing 341 00:39:01.760 --> 00:39:06.239 a lot of work on this. I'm not sure I have the specific experts 342 00:39:06.239 --> 00:39:09.920 in the room. I'm just looking around to see, but doctor Bryant has 343 00:39:10.719 --> 00:39:15.880 has gone some points to make. I can't speak to the to the broader 344 00:39:15.880 --> 00:39:19.000 issues, but certainly we have a lot of ongoing work on the use of 345 00:39:19.119 --> 00:39:23.960 artificial intelligence for very positive gains we can make. We're using artificial intelligence to 346 00:39:24.760 --> 00:39:29.639 try and detect signals of epidemics around the world. We're using artificial intelligence to 347 00:39:29.679 --> 00:39:35.719 look at how people and communities are responding to various different events and trying to 348 00:39:35.800 --> 00:39:38.920 understand better what communities are saying, what they're doing, and how they're reacting, 349 00:39:39.000 --> 00:39:45.440 and to to to public health interventions. Artificial intelligence, I know has 350 00:39:45.440 --> 00:39:50.079 been used right now to try and identify and look at violence factors and viruses 351 00:39:50.199 --> 00:39:54.119 with the genomic analysis, so AI has also been used to identify new small 352 00:39:54.159 --> 00:40:00.440 molecules which could be very effective as anti virals or antibiotics. AI we used 353 00:40:00.440 --> 00:40:05.559 to aid diagnostics, to aid radiologic diagnostics, to aid simple technical diagnostics. 354 00:40:05.559 --> 00:40:09.559 So AI is a tool and as such as potentially hugely powerful tool in the 355 00:40:09.599 --> 00:40:15.199 future of health. But like all tools, in the wrong hands and without 356 00:40:15.280 --> 00:40:21.920 proper regulation and without proper oversight, that tool can be turned to inadvertent badge 357 00:40:22.000 --> 00:40:25.800 use or to intentional bad use. So we are in my program looking at 358 00:40:25.920 --> 00:40:32.119 artificial intelligence and biologic risk and how AI and the misuse of biologic ages can 359 00:40:32.119 --> 00:40:37.360 come together. And it's a powerful combination the use of both of those issues, 360 00:40:37.599 --> 00:40:42.400 and we are looking at that. I know that the Chief Scientists is 361 00:40:42.480 --> 00:40:46.679 leading a process around dual use in the area of dual use technologies, and 362 00:40:46.719 --> 00:40:51.159 we're looking at that. In terms of genetics and genomics, AI will fall 363 00:40:51.199 --> 00:40:54.159 into that category. But I think there's a much bigger discussion to have here. 364 00:40:55.039 --> 00:41:00.760 Certainly, we all very curious about our health that we're very curious to 365 00:41:00.760 --> 00:41:02.320 find out what may or may not be wrong with us at any one time, 366 00:41:02.320 --> 00:41:05.679 and we use various things. We ask our friends, we look at 367 00:41:05.719 --> 00:41:09.320 posters, we listen to podcasts, we might ask chat GPT. The most 368 00:41:09.360 --> 00:41:13.840 important thing is that if we're concerned about our health, we should be going 369 00:41:13.880 --> 00:41:16.679 to see our primary healthcare physician. We should be going and interacting with the 370 00:41:16.679 --> 00:41:23.880 health system, and we shouldn't necessarily be using AI products that are not designed 371 00:41:23.880 --> 00:41:30.639 to do that as as our healthcare worker. But it is reassuring and it 372 00:41:30.760 --> 00:41:34.599 is good if people are People are using the internet all the time, people 373 00:41:34.639 --> 00:41:40.159 are constantly searching for terms around disease. Sometimes I think we drive ourselves crazy 374 00:41:40.360 --> 00:41:45.880 looking on the Internet and wondering what we could possibly have based on the symptoms 375 00:41:45.880 --> 00:41:50.119 we're feeling at any one time. That can be very empowering, but it 376 00:41:50.199 --> 00:41:53.400 also can be it can be very fear inspiring. But if, if, 377 00:41:53.760 --> 00:42:00.719 if using tools stimulates people to access healthcare, that is not a bad thing. 378 00:42:00.440 --> 00:42:05.599 We want people to access healthcare for especially for things that can be treated 379 00:42:05.679 --> 00:42:09.239 and prevented. So I think this is a huge area. It's an area 380 00:42:09.280 --> 00:42:13.800 that's going to require a lot of discussion in the coming months and years. 381 00:42:14.119 --> 00:42:16.760 And I think it is an area in which who has a role to play 382 00:42:17.119 --> 00:42:22.039 in convening experts from around the world and in finding ways to ensure that this 383 00:42:22.400 --> 00:42:28.239 powerful tool can be used for good and that we can mitigate any of the 384 00:42:28.280 --> 00:42:35.480 potential uses of such technology that will act against health. Thank you very much, 385 00:42:35.559 --> 00:42:37.800 doctor Ryan. And as I said, Mayer, if you need any 386 00:42:37.800 --> 00:42:44.960 other stuff, please please come through media inquiries. We now have a question 387 00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.480 from India. Again. This is from Malala men on Armor, a major 388 00:42:49.679 --> 00:42:53.239 newspaper in India, and the journalist is Joseph Ruben. Joseph, please and 389 00:42:53.400 --> 00:43:05.559 mute yourself and ask your question. My question is about the COVID or vaccines 390 00:43:05.880 --> 00:43:09.760 and the sudden stage of heart attacks on birds, even young and many young 391 00:43:09.840 --> 00:43:16.480 people. Now, do you have any any vidence that this did something to 392 00:43:16.599 --> 00:43:21.679 the post COVID issues or or to the COVID vaccines. Do you have any 393 00:43:21.719 --> 00:43:27.239 complete study on this? Thank you, Josef. That's a very broad question. 394 00:43:27.519 --> 00:43:32.960 I think again we probably prefer that doctor van Kekov has vaccines and sudden 395 00:43:34.039 --> 00:43:37.559 tests in young people. Is that your question? Do we have studies on 396 00:43:37.639 --> 00:43:45.039 this course of studies? That's your question? Yes, that is question. 397 00:43:45.320 --> 00:43:50.840 Let's your question. So he okay, repeat the question, please, Joseph 398 00:43:52.280 --> 00:43:55.679 okay, okay, I will, I will. So my question is about 399 00:43:55.719 --> 00:44:01.920 the sudden, arisive heart attack from builds even young people. You are even 400 00:44:01.960 --> 00:44:08.039 India is reportings a lot of such deaths. Is there evenly evidence that these 401 00:44:08.119 --> 00:44:13.800 builds and lining to the post coviducues are all with the COVID vaccines. Do 402 00:44:13.840 --> 00:44:20.239 you have any concrete study owdus. That is good question, Thank you doctor, 403 00:44:20.400 --> 00:44:24.719 thank gov with stud Yeah, I can start, so the question. 404 00:44:24.840 --> 00:44:28.719 I think you've put two things into this question. So one of the things 405 00:44:28.800 --> 00:44:32.800 that we're constantly looking at around the world are any adverse effects related to COVID 406 00:44:32.880 --> 00:44:38.280 nineteen. First of all, primarily from infection, and we still are seeing 407 00:44:38.440 --> 00:44:44.119 a number of hospitalizations I see you admissions and deaths due to infection with COVID 408 00:44:44.239 --> 00:44:49.280 nineteen. What we do have is ample evidence and studies upon studies of the 409 00:44:49.599 --> 00:44:55.480 protective effects of vaccines in preventing hospitalizations, preventing severe disease, and preventing death. 410 00:44:55.920 --> 00:45:00.199 Deaths and that is consistent over the last two and a half years where 411 00:45:00.199 --> 00:45:06.400 these vaccines have been in use, So it really remains critically important that people 412 00:45:06.519 --> 00:45:10.920 get vaccinated. There are registries that follow adverse events following vaccination, and that 413 00:45:12.039 --> 00:45:15.920 has been put in place over the course of since the vaccines have been put 414 00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:20.599 in use, and that is something that will continuously be studied as these vaccines 415 00:45:20.639 --> 00:45:23.400 continue to be used. But I do want to reiterate that the vaccines that 416 00:45:23.480 --> 00:45:30.079 are currently in use around the world are protecting people from dying and they have 417 00:45:30.199 --> 00:45:35.920 prevented millions of deaths in the course of the last several years. So please 418 00:45:36.039 --> 00:45:38.719 do get boosted if it's your turn, if you are recommended to get one, 419 00:45:38.800 --> 00:45:43.280 particularly if you are in an at risk group. This virus is still 420 00:45:43.320 --> 00:45:47.840 circulating in every country around the world. We have millions of cases of infections 421 00:45:47.840 --> 00:45:52.320 and reinfections that are being reported to us. There are hundreds of thousands of 422 00:45:52.400 --> 00:45:57.920 people in hospital every week for COVID nineteen and we have thousands of deaths every 423 00:45:57.960 --> 00:46:00.119 week. The second part of your question I just wanted to address as well 424 00:46:00.159 --> 00:46:05.239 as post COVID condition. This is something that we are deeply concerned about and 425 00:46:05.400 --> 00:46:12.599 working on with clinicians around the world to better understand post covid condition. There 426 00:46:12.679 --> 00:46:17.400 are some estimates that suggest that about six percent of symptomatic infections result in post 427 00:46:17.480 --> 00:46:22.920 covid condition, which affects multiple organs in the body, the lungs, the 428 00:46:22.039 --> 00:46:28.480 hearts, the brain, and really cause significant impairment in individuals. The good 429 00:46:28.559 --> 00:46:31.400 news that we understand is that most people will recover after about a year, 430 00:46:31.679 --> 00:46:37.280 but that's a very long time of causing very harmful effects and individuals, and 431 00:46:37.400 --> 00:46:40.079 so this is something we are working on to make sure that post covid condition 432 00:46:40.199 --> 00:46:45.480 is recognized, and this is coming from infection with this virus, making sure 433 00:46:45.519 --> 00:46:51.039 that it's recognized, making sure that there's treatments and there's good rehabilitation. The 434 00:46:51.159 --> 00:46:55.400 other thing that we are looking at is the impact of repeat infections of individuals 435 00:46:55.559 --> 00:47:00.159 over time, where in the fourth year of this pandemic and the virus is 436 00:47:00.280 --> 00:47:04.360 circulating and people are getting reinfected, they're not developing severe disease because they have 437 00:47:04.440 --> 00:47:08.960 a high level of immunity, either from vaccination or previous infections. So that's 438 00:47:08.960 --> 00:47:14.039 the good news, but what we want to better monitor are the long term 439 00:47:14.079 --> 00:47:16.960 effects potentially in different organ systems of the body. So there's still a lot 440 00:47:17.039 --> 00:47:21.519 to learn, which is why we are working with all of our member states 441 00:47:21.559 --> 00:47:27.000 to ensure that not only do we prevent the impacts of COVID nineteen going forward, 442 00:47:27.000 --> 00:47:30.480 but we also do what we can to prevent infections while we are living 443 00:47:30.519 --> 00:47:37.119 our lives. Thank you very much, doctor van Kirkov. I think we 444 00:47:37.199 --> 00:47:40.119 don't need to add any further. We're also getting close to time, but 445 00:47:40.239 --> 00:47:44.519 we've got time for one more question, and that will go to John Zara 446 00:47:44.599 --> 00:47:49.440 Costas, who's based here in Geneva and works for the Lancet and False Van 447 00:47:49.480 --> 00:47:53.519 Tatra. John, please mute yourself and ask you a question. Yes, 448 00:47:53.880 --> 00:48:00.679 good enough to name, just like to fill up. Doctor Tedderson's introductor remarks, 449 00:48:00.199 --> 00:48:06.679 we're interested to hear the views of the nature experts in the new draft 450 00:48:06.800 --> 00:48:10.599 texts that's gone to member states. What are your thoughts on the liability, 451 00:48:10.960 --> 00:48:15.559 risk and management are going forward? What guidance would you give member states? 452 00:48:16.159 --> 00:48:22.000 How did you draw the balance between what member states should do for indemnity and 453 00:48:22.159 --> 00:48:27.480 what should be the role of the manufacturers of vaccines and therapeutics. Where do 454 00:48:27.559 --> 00:48:32.880 you strike the balance? Thank you? John, that's a very specific question. 455 00:48:34.039 --> 00:48:39.320 I'm in Doctor Bryan has got an answer. Ye never have answered the 456 00:48:39.400 --> 00:48:46.400 satisfies John, But thanks John. No, I think we have to be 457 00:48:46.920 --> 00:48:53.440 we have to be careful this negotiations between our member states and the Secretary. 458 00:48:53.639 --> 00:49:00.679 Is that influencing that discussion one way or the other. Although the Bureau or 459 00:49:00.519 --> 00:49:06.199 the negotiating parties can ask the Secretary at any time to produce background documents, 460 00:49:06.239 --> 00:49:09.519 to do scientific analysis, they can commission us to do things, so it's 461 00:49:09.599 --> 00:49:15.599 very important that we don't in this view it since have a view, a 462 00:49:15.760 --> 00:49:20.480 particular view as to how they should quodify, if they quotify at all, 463 00:49:20.519 --> 00:49:23.639 the issue of liability and risk management within the treaty, So whether it's in 464 00:49:23.800 --> 00:49:28.760 or out and what it actually constitutes in that is entirely up to them. 465 00:49:29.039 --> 00:49:32.039 But in general, the issue of liability and risk management is an important issue 466 00:49:32.039 --> 00:49:37.760 when it comes to dealing with matters of equity, because if we can't deal 467 00:49:37.840 --> 00:49:39.559 with the issue of liability, if we can't deal with the issue of who 468 00:49:39.639 --> 00:49:44.199 owns the liability for the safety of a product, and if all of that 469 00:49:44.360 --> 00:49:47.039 liability is forced onto a country that may not have the resources to manage that 470 00:49:47.440 --> 00:49:52.440 that in itself can drive an equity. So there's no question that managing liabilities, 471 00:49:52.599 --> 00:49:57.679 terms and conditions and the legal requirements around the transfer of vaccine. Even 472 00:49:57.760 --> 00:50:01.880 if a vaccine is priced that a price that is affordable, the actual risk 473 00:50:02.519 --> 00:50:08.679 of the risk quoted attached to the accepting a particular product is very much determined 474 00:50:08.719 --> 00:50:13.159 by their liabilities that come with owning that product. So there's a lot of 475 00:50:13.239 --> 00:50:15.400 issues to unpack there, and I think John of what it reflects is that 476 00:50:15.559 --> 00:50:20.679 this is not a simple ABC thing. This is not just about pricing. 477 00:50:20.760 --> 00:50:23.400 This is not just about technology, This is not just about liability, This 478 00:50:23.639 --> 00:50:29.280 is not just about absorbed of capacity, this is not just about manufacturing capacity. 479 00:50:29.360 --> 00:50:31.159 It's about all of this. And our member states are going to have 480 00:50:31.320 --> 00:50:36.920 to come together and find a way to find an effective mechanism for us to 481 00:50:37.000 --> 00:50:40.840 respond to the next pandemic while keeping in mind the issues of more than keeping 482 00:50:40.880 --> 00:50:44.360 in mind keeping central, as they have said, as they're set out on 483 00:50:44.440 --> 00:50:51.320 this journey, keeping central access, solidarity, and the shared responsibility we have 484 00:50:51.840 --> 00:50:55.079 to serve every person on this planet. And in doing that, I think 485 00:50:55.159 --> 00:50:59.679 they will consider the issues of liability and risk management. But of course, 486 00:50:59.760 --> 00:51:01.920 we will leave it to them to decide how they wish to manage that, 487 00:51:02.360 --> 00:51:07.440 but obviously stand ready to respond an input to that discussion as any time they 488 00:51:07.480 --> 00:51:16.320 see fit and doctor Tatos will no time to close. Yes, okay, 489 00:51:17.639 --> 00:51:22.039 So that's the last of our questions and we've reached the end of the press 490 00:51:22.119 --> 00:51:24.440 conference. And as I said, any further querity need please send the media 491 00:51:24.519 --> 00:51:30.960 inquiries. We will also send out the audio and the transcript of today's press 492 00:51:30.000 --> 00:51:36.559 conference. And now at hand of the doctor Tatoes for final remarks. Thank 493 00:51:36.639 --> 00:51:39.280 you, thank you, Margaret, thank you to all members of the press 494 00:51:39.440 --> 00:51:51.320 for joining us, and so you next time, and thank you for listening 495 00:51:51.360 --> 00:51:55.079 today. As a final thought, healthcare should not be something that's bought and 496 00:51:55.199 --> 00:52:00.079 paid for. It should be a human right. It should be something that 497 00:52:00.360 --> 00:52:07.480 we all just hey, we should all have medications and health available to us. 498 00:52:10.719 --> 00:52:16.280 There are areas that because of lack of money, that medications aren't available, 499 00:52:16.360 --> 00:52:22.639 and that should not be the case. There are countries, even in 500 00:52:22.880 --> 00:52:30.440 our modern world, where people don't necessarily always receive adequate medical care because of 501 00:52:30.719 --> 00:52:37.639 the lack of ability to pay. It should not be something that's necessarily bought 502 00:52:37.719 --> 00:52:47.039 and paid for. It should be something that is a given right. So 503 00:52:49.760 --> 00:52:54.519 we want to again thank you for listening today and please find that subscribe button 504 00:52:54.599 --> 00:53:47.440 wherever it is so you cant continued updates from us at Depictions Media. The 505 00:53:47.599 --> 00:53:54.920 show has been produced by Depictions Media. Please contact us at depictions dot media 506 00:53:55.079 --> 00:53:57.199 for more information