WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.200 --> 00:00:07.559
An endless and essential theme. Reproduction, distribution, public display and any other

2
00:00:07.599 --> 00:00:11.759
unauthorized use of this work, in
whole or in part without the express written

3
00:00:11.839 --> 00:00:19.320
permission of the copyright holder, shall
be prohibited. This work is protected by

4
00:00:19.359 --> 00:00:26.719
U S copyright laws and international treaties. All trademarks and trade names mentioned in

5
00:00:26.719 --> 00:00:31.440
this work are the property of their
respective owners and are used here only for

6
00:00:31.519 --> 00:00:36.960
descriptive purposes. Any unauthorized use of
this audio book will violate copyright and may

7
00:00:37.000 --> 00:00:44.960
be subject to legal sanctions. Copy
riy two thousand twenty- four Strene law

8
00:00:45.079 --> 00:00:52.200
Lilí' s secrets. All rights
reserved, the countless nuances, ingredients and

9
00:00:52.200 --> 00:00:57.439
angles of personality. They turn this
theme into a sea without shores. Each

10
00:00:57.439 --> 00:01:00.920
and every one of them builds the
little by little, little since childhood and

11
00:01:00.920 --> 00:01:07.920
experiences, The congenital and acquired aspects
slowly pile up. Three are the faces

12
00:01:07.959 --> 00:01:12.840
of personality, environmental heritage and experience
of one' s own trajectory. To

13
00:01:12.840 --> 00:01:18.200
become a free, independent person with
a certain maturity and balance is the goal

14
00:01:18.239 --> 00:01:23.000
to which we must direct our efforts. We must be able to pilot our

15
00:01:23.079 --> 00:01:27.799
personal world. The key to achieving
them is usually in a synthesis of plans,

16
00:01:29.439 --> 00:01:32.319
among which it stands out to be
clear about the identity model itself.

17
00:01:34.040 --> 00:01:38.000
When I was a teenager, I
thought there were a number of people worthy

18
00:01:38.079 --> 00:01:42.920
of imitation. Later, the same
thing happened to me in college, but

19
00:01:42.239 --> 00:01:46.480
then I could sharpen more and not
just stay in what I saw, but

20
00:01:46.840 --> 00:01:53.239
dive inside. Behavioral psychiatrists are very
aware of how important it is to grow

21
00:01:53.319 --> 00:01:59.159
between solid, strong, consistent people
who attract us to follow in a similar

22
00:01:59.159 --> 00:02:04.239
direction. In the communication society in
which we live, we feel brought in

23
00:02:04.359 --> 00:02:08.080
and carried away by a huge amount
of information and data that, in the

24
00:02:08.199 --> 00:02:14.719
long run, contribute little to personal
growth. The negative images, the dark

25
00:02:15.120 --> 00:02:19.919
news, the characters without a message, happen, and it is not that

26
00:02:20.039 --> 00:02:23.960
there are no emulated people, but
that the great media tend to choose vulgar

27
00:02:24.000 --> 00:02:30.000
subjects of little interest. It is
necessary to know how to look below appearances

28
00:02:30.120 --> 00:02:35.120
in order to cross the boundary between
surface and depth. Thus it is possible

29
00:02:35.120 --> 00:02:38.360
to know in depth what people cover
up, why they have followed this journey

30
00:02:38.439 --> 00:02:44.759
and not another, what their motivations
have been. Psychiatrists observe daily that behavior

31
00:02:44.800 --> 00:02:47.800
is balanced when there is consistency between
what it says and what a subject does.

32
00:02:50.599 --> 00:02:53.639
When we interview someone in order to
know what is wrong with them,

33
00:02:53.360 --> 00:02:57.800
above all, we must listen to
an art that needs time and trade.

34
00:02:57.879 --> 00:03:02.280
So also under the haughty discourse,
there is a subsoil that needs to be

35
00:03:02.280 --> 00:03:07.199
discovered. In the children. The
exploration of conduct is simpler, as camouflage

36
00:03:07.520 --> 00:03:14.360
mechanisms have not yet appeared. In
adolescence there is an overflow of experiences everything

37
00:03:14.759 --> 00:03:19.360
goes up and down, you live
passionately. The mood is saddened without knowing

38
00:03:19.400 --> 00:03:24.599
why. Feelings lack a strong architecture
and are very influential. Already in the

39
00:03:24.680 --> 00:03:30.319
first youth we find more elements of
judgment. Life sets itself ahead with all

40
00:03:30.439 --> 00:03:34.639
its realism and lets us know that
if you want to move forward, you

41
00:03:36.240 --> 00:03:39.960
have to know in which direction,
otherwise you will feel lost. For his

42
00:03:40.039 --> 00:03:44.639
part, the adult begins to get
results from everything he has been doing.

43
00:03:46.000 --> 00:03:50.240
The arguments of their existence have been
leaving a well that can be studied with

44
00:03:50.360 --> 00:03:54.919
some rigour. We are facing a
more elaborate biography at every stage of life,

45
00:03:55.280 --> 00:03:59.639
marked by its peculiar notes and its
own anxieties. R- R is

46
00:03:59.719 --> 00:04:04.840
nality. It functions as the guiding
center of psychological heritage if you have a

47
00:04:04.840 --> 00:04:10.159
good harmony, you will build a
walled castle in which to protect yourself from

48
00:04:10.199 --> 00:04:15.839
enemies and external difficulties, there is
nothing worse than being unbalanced, lost without

49
00:04:15.920 --> 00:04:20.240
inner visibility. So, to be
happy, the first thing we need is

50
00:04:20.279 --> 00:04:27.639
to have found ourselves. The mansion
of personality is inhabited by different physical,

51
00:04:28.720 --> 00:04:32.879
psychological, social and cultural elements,
of tralogy in which its guests influence each

52
00:04:32.920 --> 00:04:39.759
other. The disease somehow modifies the
temper of the mood, just as excessive

53
00:04:40.040 --> 00:04:46.519
loneliness weighs and modifies the style of
being. Culture serves as a springboard to

54
00:04:46.600 --> 00:04:53.319
jump into an intelligent pirouette about the
circumstances in the depressive crises. For example,

55
00:04:53.639 --> 00:04:57.319
there is a retreat on oneself that
invites you to turn to the past

56
00:04:57.399 --> 00:05:02.480
and keep the most negative memories.
Feelings of guilt emerge silently in anxiety pictures.

57
00:05:03.720 --> 00:05:09.560
The personality is soaked in an uncertain
future, fearful diffuse and populated with

58
00:05:09.639 --> 00:05:13.680
bad omens. Sometimes it' s
the past that takes over the command and

59
00:05:13.720 --> 00:05:18.160
sometimes the future. This oscillation takes
place between two poles interiority, exteriority or

60
00:05:18.240 --> 00:05:25.759
future past. But what the human
being must achieve is to live supported by

61
00:05:25.800 --> 00:05:31.639
a present transient fleet of permanent passage
that serves as a channel for the events

62
00:05:31.759 --> 00:05:38.560
to transit their geography. Today we
could say that the unstructured forms of life

63
00:05:38.600 --> 00:05:44.519
have become popular, democratized. The
present day, as we have said,

64
00:05:44.879 --> 00:05:49.480
brings us inconsistent human models, with
low density, lives characterized by permissiveness and

65
00:05:49.519 --> 00:05:56.360
relativism. They are these troubled times, but when they have been serene,

66
00:05:56.720 --> 00:06:00.519
peaceful, non- controversial. Just
take a look at the recent history of

67
00:06:00.560 --> 00:06:06.480
Europe. I think disorientation is one
of the signs of postmodernity. The human

68
00:06:06.560 --> 00:06:11.160
being is increasingly prepared to live,
settled in uncertainty, confusion, perplexity.

69
00:06:14.240 --> 00:06:18.040
Today' s society is complex,
It is woven of contradictory ingredients that lead

70
00:06:18.040 --> 00:06:21.439
many individuals not to know what to
stick to, the good and the bad,

71
00:06:21.879 --> 00:06:27.000
the excellent and the perverse, the
white and the black. The new

72
00:06:27.040 --> 00:06:31.040
enemies of society plan in an overlapping
way boredom, wearyness, depression, tiredness,

73
00:06:31.560 --> 00:06:39.360
psychological. Scepticism, inculturation, frivolity
stagger the points of reference and a

74
00:06:39.399 --> 00:06:46.279
new perplexity emerges. It is the
revolution of bewilderment and weak thinking. Everything

75
00:06:46.279 --> 00:06:50.240
in the person becomes weakly light to
fall apart, and it directly affects the

76
00:06:50.319 --> 00:06:58.079
cell of society, which is the
family. Scepticism is typical of the current

77
00:06:58.199 --> 00:07:01.639
times, whose principles are becoming less
and less firm and unmovable, and individualism

78
00:07:01.680 --> 00:07:06.399
has become a fortress in which many
entrenched themselves by raising the banner of subjectivism.

79
00:07:10.759 --> 00:07:14.920
It is as if heroes have disappeared, as if extraordinary lives are not

80
00:07:15.000 --> 00:07:20.040
of interest, unless they are broken
or fragmented. Having a certain psychological balance

81
00:07:20.120 --> 00:07:26.279
results for many I get bored.
It takes being in crisis, living without

82
00:07:26.319 --> 00:07:30.800
strong convictions. Light culture turns any
relationship into something to use and throw away.

83
00:07:31.040 --> 00:07:34.279
It only invites you to consume and
let yourself be carried away allows everything.

84
00:07:35.720 --> 00:07:40.600
If this is the landscape that surrounds
us, it seems logical that the

85
00:07:40.600 --> 00:07:45.680
disadjustments of the personality have multiplied.
A society like ours, increasingly adolescent,

86
00:07:45.920 --> 00:07:50.160
is characterized by collective immaturity and its
messages are so contrasting that it is very

87
00:07:50.160 --> 00:07:57.319
difficult to reconcile them. Psychiatry has
changed from a minor discipline, almost an

88
00:07:57.399 --> 00:08:03.480
appendix to medical schools, to a
subject of great importance. It reinforces the

89
00:08:03.560 --> 00:08:07.040
idea that the first thing the human
being has to achieve is to find himself

90
00:08:07.079 --> 00:08:09.480
finding the pieces of the puzzle of
his way of being and order them.

91
00:08:11.199 --> 00:08:16.199
Having a center of gravity allows us
to elaborate those arguments that give meaning to

92
00:08:16.279 --> 00:08:20.680
life, harmonize the outside and the
inside. The personality feeds little by little

93
00:08:20.759 --> 00:08:26.160
on everything it finds around it.
It takes time to become harmonious and to

94
00:08:26.240 --> 00:08:30.279
achieve a certain security, which will
be the basis of self- esteem.

95
00:08:31.240 --> 00:08:37.639
Therefore, achieving personal maturity is the
first great achievement of each one. The

96
00:08:37.679 --> 00:08:41.440
person is façade and intimacy the fore
is within reach of any analysis, but

97
00:08:41.519 --> 00:08:46.360
intimacy needs a job of speleology.
Discovering life inside what has happened, the

98
00:08:46.399 --> 00:08:52.919
facts that haunt it. The person
is transparent and opaque, Mediterranean and continental,

99
00:08:54.279 --> 00:08:58.440
crisp and dark, diaphanous and blurred. The psychologic condition circulates between these

100
00:08:58.519 --> 00:09:05.360
poles. The person has windows,
but also locks. The last redoubt of

101
00:09:05.440 --> 00:09:09.679
each one harbors the idea of who
is aspired to, failures and conquests.

102
00:09:11.679 --> 00:09:16.279
To reach this unequivocal background of the
person, it is necessary to cross before

103
00:09:16.399 --> 00:09:20.840
a thick forest, clearing the paths
of feelings, customs, habits, passions,

104
00:09:20.360 --> 00:09:30.080
intelligence, affectivity. To educate is
to turn someone into person and to

105
00:09:30.159 --> 00:09:33.840
be a person is to get the
best out of oneself, an indispensable condition

106
00:09:33.919 --> 00:09:37.960
for achieving reciprocity with others. One
can improve on any of the basic arguments

107
00:09:39.000 --> 00:09:43.919
that sustain the personality and articulate a
dense network of physical, psychological, social

108
00:09:43.919 --> 00:09:50.399
and cultural influences. Any alteration or
illness that affects one of these planes changes

109
00:09:50.519 --> 00:09:54.480
the person momentarily, as well as
social influence determines many behaviors with its influence.

110
00:09:56.600 --> 00:10:01.960
To do psychology means to elaborate questions
about whys and coms, not to

111
00:10:01.240 --> 00:10:05.399
accept things because yes, but to
inquire in their sense and to open up

112
00:10:05.440 --> 00:10:11.159
to the personal world with its hierarchical
background in which the different values are settled

113
00:10:11.240 --> 00:10:16.080
And what one can expect from their
psychology if they have been working and polishing

114
00:10:16.200 --> 00:10:18.639
it with the care of craftsman.
Aspiration is none other than being oneself.

115
00:10:20.559 --> 00:10:24.159
Dare to climb the best possible peaks, have a good psychological balance and,

116
00:10:24.399 --> 00:10:28.759
in the long run, be content
with the very way to be, in

117
00:10:28.799 --> 00:10:35.799
short, achieve the virtue of simple
ideas and clear objectives. What we mean

118
00:10:35.879 --> 00:10:43.360
by personality is very interesting to make
an etymological excursion of the term personality to

119
00:10:43.399 --> 00:10:48.639
discover its intricacies. The different meanings
show us nuances and aspects that help us

120
00:10:48.639 --> 00:10:56.039
to affirm this concept. Personare Latin
word that means resounding through something and from

121
00:10:56.159 --> 00:11:01.720
Greek prosopon face, face mask.
Amas have a common background, since in

122
00:11:01.759 --> 00:11:05.799
the pre- Corroman world, personality
was the mask worn by the actors through

123
00:11:07.120 --> 00:11:11.759
which he came out resounding his voice. Life is like a theatre in which

124
00:11:11.799 --> 00:11:18.120
everyone plays a role, shows a
behavior, plays a certain role. Also

125
00:11:18.200 --> 00:11:20.919
related is the Latin term perisoma,
which refers to what surrounds the body,

126
00:11:22.240 --> 00:11:26.519
including clothing, since the dress is
usually understood as an extension of the same

127
00:11:26.600 --> 00:11:33.200
that goes beyond the perseunum appearances coming
from Latin. This construction refers to the

128
00:11:33.200 --> 00:11:39.759
synthetic unit one or even means the
only, the singular, the peculiar or

129
00:11:39.840 --> 00:11:46.080
original, that is, that which
characterizes persum word of Latin origin that refers

130
00:11:46.120 --> 00:11:50.279
to mirror. Personality is what is
first seen through the body and, especially,

131
00:11:50.399 --> 00:11:58.679
through the face. There is also
the term speculum of the same peak

132
00:11:58.720 --> 00:12:05.559
faceam meaning of birds in the second
meaning of animals. By extension, it

133
00:12:05.600 --> 00:12:09.240
is polon or bow of a ship. The face is the first thing seen

134
00:12:09.320 --> 00:12:15.080
from the other and its geography is
full of expressive wealth. After this tour

135
00:12:15.440 --> 00:12:18.960
we can now make a first approach. Personality is that set of psychological,

136
00:12:20.519 --> 00:12:26.600
social and cultural physical elements that are
housed in an individual. So, different

137
00:12:26.960 --> 00:12:31.720
ingredients that make up a whole.
Given the large number of definitions of the

138
00:12:31.799 --> 00:12:37.320
concept personality found throughout the history of
psychology, it is impossible to classify it.

139
00:12:39.279 --> 00:12:43.159
However, we are going to go
into its conceptual plot to offer a

140
00:12:43.200 --> 00:12:48.759
polyhedral profile of it. Personality is
that set of current and potential behavior patterns

141
00:12:48.799 --> 00:12:54.279
that reside in an individual and move
between the inheritance and the environment. From

142
00:12:54.399 --> 00:12:58.559
this definition emerge two important ideas that, along with others, will mark the

143
00:12:58.639 --> 00:13:03.360
s ns between some personalities and others, the hereditary in relation to the acquired,

144
00:13:03.720 --> 00:13:09.000
the genetic baggage in front of the
environment. Therefore, and together with

145
00:13:09.080 --> 00:13:13.480
references, we can say that personality
is an organized and synthetic structure in motion

146
00:13:13.879 --> 00:13:18.759
that encompasses the body, physiology,
psychological heritage and social, cultural and spiritual

147
00:13:18.759 --> 00:13:24.960
aspects. It is, therefore,
a complicated matrix that wanders between biological provisions

148
00:13:26.000 --> 00:13:30.279
and learning, and that gives rise
to a series of manifest and covert behaviors,

149
00:13:30.919 --> 00:13:35.320
public and private, external and internal, ostensible and hidden that nourish the

150
00:13:35.360 --> 00:13:43.440
form of being. This approach to
the concept of personality aims to be eclectic

151
00:13:43.480 --> 00:13:48.759
one and its unifying and coherent approach. Following this premise, we can affirm

152
00:13:48.799 --> 00:13:52.279
that personality is a lifestyle that affects
the way of thinking, feeling, reacting,

153
00:13:52.000 --> 00:13:58.960
interpreting and being led by it.
This definition refers to four areas.

154
00:13:58.320 --> 00:14:03.720
The rdo thought, the affectivity,
the way to face the circumstances that are

155
00:14:03.759 --> 00:14:05.679
presented to us over the years and, finally, the consequence of all this,

156
00:14:07.120 --> 00:14:13.440
which determines a specific type of action. It is essential that this way

157
00:14:13.480 --> 00:14:18.360
is firmly rooted in the subject is
solid and it is not easy to change

158
00:14:18.360 --> 00:14:26.039
it. Our personality is our best
public relations. It is like a complex

159
00:14:26.080 --> 00:14:31.080
and diverse orchestra, with many instruments
that fulfill a specific function, but whose

160
00:14:31.240 --> 00:14:35.720
result is a symphony, conduct with
its own stamp. The person is the

161
00:14:35.759 --> 00:14:39.879
conductor. On the other hand,
there is the self or guiding center of

162
00:14:39.879 --> 00:14:43.320
personality, in which the experiences converge. The self is the shadow of personality,

163
00:14:45.039 --> 00:14:48.840
an ethereal point of reference, diffused
from vague contours, but which serves

164
00:14:48.879 --> 00:14:54.720
as a reflection of psychic experiences.
Personality and I therefore form a cantinuo ame

165
00:14:54.759 --> 00:15:01.000
in which one is reflected and projected
in the other. Very often we say

166
00:15:01.039 --> 00:15:05.600
that someone surprises us by his strong
personality. Moreover, in the language used

167
00:15:05.720 --> 00:15:11.240
by that person, in his gestures
and in his manners, the personality appears

168
00:15:11.360 --> 00:15:15.840
to the face, which is the
mirror of the soul. Certainly to the

169
00:15:15.919 --> 00:15:20.440
face come the interior landscapes that somehow
reflect what is happening in our own intimacy,

170
00:15:20.879 --> 00:15:26.000
in any part of our body.
On the face lies the essence of

171
00:15:26.039 --> 00:15:30.120
the person. She sums us up, said in a more resounding way,

172
00:15:30.559 --> 00:15:35.399
the personality is present in the face, lives in it. When we meet

173
00:15:35.399 --> 00:15:39.879
someone. The first relationship that is
established is facial, that is, face

174
00:15:39.000 --> 00:15:46.120
to face and essentially eye say so
much the eyes have their own language.

175
00:15:46.519 --> 00:15:52.320
They are like traffic lights whose signs
speak of love, tenderness, passion,

176
00:15:52.759 --> 00:15:58.000
displeasure, surprise, melancholy. The
whole affective range emerges from them. In

177
00:15:58.039 --> 00:16:02.440
conclusion, the face and hands,
as uncovered parts of the body, are

178
00:16:02.440 --> 00:16:07.600
the ones that express our feelings the
most. On the face has the person,

179
00:16:07.679 --> 00:16:12.799
his residence, his chisol, many
simple expressions of daily use reaffirm this

180
00:16:12.879 --> 00:16:17.279
idea of the face as mirror of
the soul. For example, he gave

181
00:16:17.320 --> 00:16:21.000
his face. I didn' t
like his face, the face he put

182
00:16:21.000 --> 00:16:23.559
on. I don' t forget
that face. That is why we say

183
00:16:23.600 --> 00:16:27.679
that the face is programmatic, because
it announces life as a project of its

184
00:16:27.679 --> 00:16:32.759
own. Sometimes their language is difficult
to decipher, because it can have a

185
00:16:32.840 --> 00:16:37.720
double meaning and thus lend itself to
confusion. Two on the face can be

186
00:16:37.759 --> 00:16:47.159
observed the following elements morphology, style, grace, taste, enchantment, affective

187
00:16:47.200 --> 00:16:53.360
expression, mood, emotional tone,
oral expression. Language has such transcendence that

188
00:16:53.440 --> 00:16:59.000
it offers decisive notes, like that
of the intelligence that manifests itself in him

189
00:16:59.120 --> 00:17:03.880
with all his laughter that summarizing,
we can say that the psychological history of

190
00:17:04.000 --> 00:17:08.880
the concept personality has moved between the
interiorist perspective, that is, that which

191
00:17:08.920 --> 00:17:15.079
is stored within the individual, and
the exteriorist perspective, which refers to what

192
00:17:15.240 --> 00:17:22.839
is found outside character, temperament,
trait and state. Character is the part

193
00:17:22.839 --> 00:17:26.599
of the acquired personality, the one
that has been fading throughout life thanks to

194
00:17:26.680 --> 00:17:33.359
psychological, social and cultural influences.
The temperament is the inherited part that has

195
00:17:33.440 --> 00:17:37.880
a direct relationship with hereditary patterns of
behavior. Yes, therefore, a neurobiological

196
00:17:38.000 --> 00:17:45.960
root. Amos integrate two important facets
of the way they are. For its

197
00:17:45.039 --> 00:17:49.839
part, the trait is a lasting
psychological disposition, a stable attribute of personality,

198
00:17:51.519 --> 00:17:55.720
a tendency to behave in the same
way in different situations, which results

199
00:17:55.759 --> 00:18:02.400
in consistent behavior. Each trait remains
as a stable characteristic, whatever the situation

200
00:18:02.440 --> 00:18:07.799
may arise. Thus, for example, an orderly person will reveal this trait

201
00:18:07.920 --> 00:18:12.279
of his way of being at different
times and in very varied environments. A

202
00:18:12.319 --> 00:18:17.400
hysterical person will turn his life into
a theater over and over again, as

203
00:18:17.519 --> 00:18:22.400
he lives everything that happens to him
as something dramatic or extraordinary and an introverted

204
00:18:22.480 --> 00:18:27.440
person will be in a crowd meeting
and also a petit committee. The trait

205
00:18:27.599 --> 00:18:33.440
is, therefore, the propensity to
exhibit a similar consistent behavior in the most

206
00:18:33.559 --> 00:18:40.119
varied circumstances of life. In other
words, it is a latent provision to

207
00:18:40.160 --> 00:18:45.720
behave in a similar way. Gw
at a thousand nine hundred and sixty-

208
00:18:45.960 --> 00:18:52.279
six defined it as a generalised neuropsychic
system common to all individuals and particular targeted,

209
00:18:52.599 --> 00:18:56.400
which has the property of functionally becoming
equivalent large number of stimuli and triggering

210
00:18:56.440 --> 00:19:02.319
and guiding equivalent forms of adaptive behavior
and expressive sns. The methods that have

211
00:19:02.359 --> 00:19:06.240
been used to isolate. These features
have varied greatly over time and their measurement

212
00:19:06.279 --> 00:19:12.440
is quite complex. The possibility of
predicting an individual' s behavior from the

213
00:19:12.480 --> 00:19:18.839
knowledge of its main features is very
interesting, as there is biographical evidence regarding

214
00:19:18.839 --> 00:19:22.799
its habitual behavior. It is not, of course, a mathematical formula,

215
00:19:23.319 --> 00:19:27.799
which would constitute a utopia, but
it does frame the person' s response

216
00:19:27.839 --> 00:19:34.079
within very reliable limits. Hj jas, in nineteen hundred and eighty- seven

217
00:19:34.200 --> 00:19:41.160
described four basic neurotic traits, extraversion, introversion and psychoticism. Strictly speaking,

218
00:19:41.599 --> 00:19:47.480
the features constitute certain internal characteristics that
cannot be observed at the naked eye,

219
00:19:47.799 --> 00:19:52.960
such as the height or colour of
the hair. They are also called intermediate

220
00:19:52.960 --> 00:19:56.839
variables, since they are placed between
stimuli and behavior and are deduced from the

221
00:19:56.880 --> 00:20:00.279
observation of behavior three in the almost
infinite, in the hand of the circumstances

222
00:20:00.359 --> 00:20:04.079
and the daily variables, the personal
waves are maintained through the traits that give

223
00:20:04.200 --> 00:20:11.640
stability, consistency and repetition to the
acts. Finally, the state is a

224
00:20:11.720 --> 00:20:18.240
characteristic of the transient personality, passing
that occurs at a certain time and therefore

225
00:20:18.359 --> 00:20:25.440
becomes fleeting temporal ephemeral in the course
of a greater depression. For example,

226
00:20:25.799 --> 00:20:30.400
the personality lives in a melancholic mood
with feelings of sadness, disillusionment or apathy,

227
00:20:30.559 --> 00:20:34.759
but when that disease refers the subject, it usually returns to being the

228
00:20:34.799 --> 00:20:41.039
person who has been recovering its pre- psychological characteristics, while the trait is

229
00:20:41.039 --> 00:20:45.720
a dimension that encompasses a pattern of
stable and repeated responses to the personality.

230
00:20:47.680 --> 00:20:52.039
The state refers to a brief and
present mental and psychological activity. People usually

231
00:20:52.079 --> 00:20:56.559
distinguish very well the first from the
second. One thing is the usual behavior

232
00:20:56.599 --> 00:21:02.240
and another is the typical response in
e in ns often proper to a specific

233
00:21:02.359 --> 00:21:10.359
circumstance, which harbors the personality.
After reviewing the main ingredients of personality,

234
00:21:10.480 --> 00:21:14.680
a summary should be made to synthesize
such a jungle of data and concepts,

235
00:21:15.240 --> 00:21:21.559
thus a set of characteristics and qualities
in which morphological, physiological, psychological,

236
00:21:22.200 --> 00:21:30.200
social and cultural aspects are cited.
This block of ingredients has an essential note

237
00:21:30.519 --> 00:21:36.480
of originality, the main features,
with n own style, a particular and

238
00:21:36.519 --> 00:21:42.200
specific seal that defines a mode of
behavior. The integration between the different elements

239
00:21:42.240 --> 00:21:48.640
is part of the good structure and
articulation of the personality. People who are

240
00:21:48.640 --> 00:21:53.079
too extraverted, usually cold in their
feelings or, on the contrary, very

241
00:21:53.079 --> 00:21:57.720
affective, do not have a good
combination of them, resulting in a certain

242
00:21:59.039 --> 00:22:03.319
decompensation that, in some cases,
may be the prelude to a mismatch or

243
00:22:03.400 --> 00:22:07.119
disorder of it. In the personality
there are transparent zones and opaque territories,

244
00:22:07.720 --> 00:22:14.200
that is, clear and dark.
There is an external plot that can be

245
00:22:14.319 --> 00:22:19.359
objectively valued and another interior that moves
in a more hidden plane. Personality is

246
00:22:19.440 --> 00:22:23.359
not a mere collection of processes that
are being added without connection to each other

247
00:22:25.279 --> 00:22:29.880
before. On the contrary, it
implies the integrated association of a series of

248
00:22:29.920 --> 00:22:34.039
diverse plots that give rise to an
interrelated whole. This integrative perspective seeks to

249
00:22:34.079 --> 00:22:38.240
know what personality is, universal truths
about its knowledge and how it works,

250
00:22:38.799 --> 00:22:44.640
particular truths of each subject. Specifically, each personality is a unique product.

251
00:22:45.440 --> 00:22:48.319
It can never be understood as something
made in series. Without personality is the

252
00:22:48.359 --> 00:22:55.519
totality of psychological elements and states of
an individual. It involves the integration of

253
00:22:55.920 --> 00:23:03.240
resources, skills and styles. Knowledge
of personality allows us in some way to

254
00:23:03.279 --> 00:23:07.119
predict the conduct of an individual in
general and also in particular in a given

255
00:23:07.160 --> 00:23:15.680
situation. Some of the characteristics are
constant, immutable, solid and their basic

256
00:23:15.799 --> 00:23:19.599
and modifiable dimensions. That is why
we are talking about a set of roles

257
00:23:19.680 --> 00:23:23.480
that a particular human being is able
to play both the present and the potential.

258
00:23:25.440 --> 00:23:30.200
The permanent elements of personality make up
a substrate that allows recognition of it.

259
00:23:30.799 --> 00:23:37.079
Despite modifications, reforms or transformations,
personality is not static, but dynamic.

260
00:23:40.440 --> 00:23:45.599
It is always in motion as an
open, broad, changing reality that

261
00:23:45.680 --> 00:23:48.599
receives the influences of each and every
one of the individual' s experiences,

262
00:23:48.880 --> 00:23:55.000
which end with two profiles, from
microtraumas to macrotraumas, to positive experiences.

263
00:23:56.480 --> 00:24:02.119
Everything is deposited in the person and
leaving its mark. Behavior is the result

264
00:24:02.119 --> 00:24:04.960
of the relationship of reciprocity between the
way of being and the environment through which

265
00:24:06.039 --> 00:24:11.880
one circulates in personality, as we
have already said, the physical, psychological,

266
00:24:11.519 --> 00:24:18.000
social and cultural aspects converge. These
complement each other by forming a simple

267
00:24:18.039 --> 00:24:23.240
and complex network, unique and diverse. This tetralogy of main ingredients is not

268
00:24:23.319 --> 00:24:27.599
only the result of inheritance, nor
is it a mere cultural product or the

269
00:24:27.680 --> 00:24:33.720
result of a certain social elaboration.
It is that and much more all conjugated

270
00:24:33.720 --> 00:24:41.279
plasticity, adaptation, reciprocity of influences, in a nutshell, singularity in plurality.

271
00:24:42.119 --> 00:24:47.160
Healthy personality is one that has achieved
a good balance between its different components,

272
00:24:47.720 --> 00:24:51.039
a sufficient degree of maturity in relation
to age, which implies a good

273
00:24:51.079 --> 00:24:55.599
knowledge of oneself, the own acceptance, the design of a life project and

274
00:24:55.640 --> 00:24:59.599
the ability to have a coherent behavior, adapted to reality, with realistic and

275
00:24:59.640 --> 00:25:07.359
concrete goals and objectives. Further on, we will address in detail this difficult

276
00:25:07.599 --> 00:25:11.319
issue, as well as the dividing
line between the normal and the pathological,

277
00:25:11.920 --> 00:25:15.880
which is not a clear and precise
border, but blurred and with blurred profiles.

278
00:25:17.000 --> 00:25:22.759
Between both are established a cantino amenel
which it is often not easy to

279
00:25:22.880 --> 00:25:27.759
establish the universal criteria mentioned above,
as the social or cultural coordinates mark such

280
00:25:27.759 --> 00:25:33.759
distinctions. Personality disorders, in fact, are abnormal forms of being that manifest

281
00:25:33.799 --> 00:25:41.400
themselves through unusually hostile behaviors that harm
the family and social community. Finally,

282
00:25:41.000 --> 00:25:45.039
to say that today we can speak
of the science of personality in a strict

283
00:25:45.160 --> 00:25:49.920
sense. While philosophy and human sciences
seek truth, physical and natural sciences approach

284
00:25:51.000 --> 00:25:57.559
knowledge of reality. In terms of
certainty. Four dogmatisms derive from this difference.

285
00:26:00.759 --> 00:26:03.480
The biologist, who has led psychiatry
to a radical stance, the chemotry

286
00:26:03.799 --> 00:26:11.160
according to which everything depends on biochemistry, brain or general. The psychologist,

287
00:26:11.559 --> 00:26:14.960
who defends in an absolute way that
everything that swirls around the personality is only

288
00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:18.920
due to the many psychological processes,
from censoperception to memory, through intelligence,

289
00:26:19.039 --> 00:26:27.960
affectivity, consciousness and a long etcetera. The sociologist, for whom everything rests

290
00:26:29.039 --> 00:26:34.480
on the primordial principle that the human
being is essentially social the culturalist who emphasizes

291
00:26:34.880 --> 00:26:41.960
the enormous importance of the cultural sphere. I insist on what I mentioned earlier.

292
00:26:41.799 --> 00:26:47.680
It is appropriate to adhere to an
eclectic position capable of conjugating and reconciling

293
00:26:47.759 --> 00:26:56.279
these four sections into one chapter two
stages of life in all existence. Years

294
00:26:56.359 --> 00:27:00.680
go by they wander, they walk
and they leave their smell. Each stage,

295
00:27:02.079 --> 00:27:07.319
each historical segment, has a special
significance, a characteristic seal. Each

296
00:27:07.400 --> 00:27:11.559
phase has its own possibilities and its
peculiar profile, but in all it vibrates

297
00:27:11.599 --> 00:27:18.039
the whole personality. The child,
in the process of formation, discovers the

298
00:27:18.079 --> 00:27:22.799
world that opens before his eyes,
deprived of information and, however, to

299
00:27:22.920 --> 00:27:29.039
do before the adolescent. However,
a path of possibilities opens up. Everything

300
00:27:29.079 --> 00:27:32.400
can happen when one is at that
age when one begins to see them with

301
00:27:32.440 --> 00:27:36.440
life, in the reality of the
adult, on the other hand, there

302
00:27:36.519 --> 00:27:41.720
are already objective data to explore and
value his trajectory and, later, in

303
00:27:41.799 --> 00:27:45.039
the final stages of life. Although
the old age that we euphemistically call the

304
00:27:45.160 --> 00:27:49.559
elderly has been delayed today, the
existential balance can be made, which is

305
00:27:49.640 --> 00:27:53.720
nothing other than its own, and
there is the analysis of the personal accounting

306
00:27:53.720 --> 00:27:59.640
in which very different different ingredients of
very different weight that come out to the

307
00:27:59.599 --> 00:28:04.559
pallets and are valued coldly. We
must not lose sight of the fact that

308
00:28:04.680 --> 00:28:11.880
the human being is a disgruntled animal. Any overly Cartesian self- observation is

309
00:28:11.880 --> 00:28:18.400
painful. Bloody how many things have
not gone ahead simply because of lack of

310
00:28:18.440 --> 00:28:22.000
time or for not having foreseen some
elements of the environment life. This great

311
00:28:22.079 --> 00:28:26.599
teacher teaches us new things at the
rate of the events that happen to us,

312
00:28:27.200 --> 00:28:30.400
opening in the subsoil of our intimacy
a well of wisdom in which the

313
00:28:30.440 --> 00:28:36.680
experiences are hidden and stored. This
wisdom is called the experience of life and

314
00:28:36.799 --> 00:28:40.480
consists in realizing that we have lived, that we have taken advantage of,

315
00:28:40.599 --> 00:28:45.799
suffered and taken note of the skills
and strategies that we need to overcome the

316
00:28:45.799 --> 00:28:52.359
difficulties and mistakes of progressive learning.
The present journeys of existence are articulated internally

317
00:28:52.400 --> 00:28:56.079
with the past and the future,
giving rise to a historical continuity that shows

318
00:28:56.160 --> 00:29:06.039
coherence and lucidity, meaning and clarity. Childhood the happiest moment. The child

319
00:29:06.119 --> 00:29:11.799
' s psychological awakening is exciting.
It is unforgettable to see how you are

320
00:29:11.839 --> 00:29:17.000
discovering the world that emerges before your
eyes and how you are making use of

321
00:29:17.039 --> 00:29:18.799
your intelligence when the animal is born. It already has a program of learned

322
00:29:19.160 --> 00:29:23.920
behavior that is just set in motion
and that works through innate genetic springs that

323
00:29:25.319 --> 00:29:29.480
open their way without previous learning and
with a certain autonomy. From the first

324
00:29:29.519 --> 00:29:33.559
few days, the chick just hatched
in the field for his respects from here

325
00:29:33.559 --> 00:29:37.519
to there, as if he knew
the stage that served him to unfold his

326
00:29:37.559 --> 00:29:45.359
behavior. The psychomotor development of babies
follows a few concrete steps. The first

327
00:29:45.400 --> 00:29:48.759
is to learn to hold your head, which happens after four months. Soon

328
00:29:48.839 --> 00:29:53.480
after you can sit right by keeping
the upper back and you are able to

329
00:29:53.519 --> 00:29:59.799
avoid falling forward. When sitting at
ten months, sit with something in your

330
00:30:00.160 --> 00:30:03.519
hands or, more often, with
your eyes fixed and your thumb in your

331
00:30:03.559 --> 00:30:10.400
mouth. The little boy explores the
world through his mouth. Everything goes through

332
00:30:10.519 --> 00:30:15.039
it is the obligatory step to know
the objects and their sensitivity. We find

333
00:30:15.160 --> 00:30:21.160
ourselves in the prehistory of learning.
About his first year, he begins to

334
00:30:21.200 --> 00:30:26.319
rehearse how to stand. It'
s cute and amazing fun to see.

335
00:30:26.400 --> 00:30:30.759
Fight not to fall. The age
of learning to walk varies from one child

336
00:30:30.799 --> 00:30:34.400
to another and it is usually around
two years when it definitely controls this acquisition.

337
00:30:36.400 --> 00:30:41.000
Many children know how to walk on
all fours first. Knowing how to

338
00:30:41.000 --> 00:30:44.400
take things with your hands is something
that starts around the age of five months,

339
00:30:44.839 --> 00:30:48.599
but it is at ten that you
can approach objects directly and catch them

340
00:30:48.640 --> 00:30:52.279
firmly, without falling out of your
hands. A little earlier he discovers that

341
00:30:52.319 --> 00:30:57.480
the right hand also has its left
and that both can collaborate As far as

342
00:30:57.559 --> 00:31:02.880
the development of language is concerned,
it starts with nonverbal language. Noches,

343
00:31:03.240 --> 00:31:07.119
gestures and smiles appear before the surprise
of parents and close people, inviting them

344
00:31:07.160 --> 00:31:11.079
to talk to the child, to
tell him things, to relate to him.

345
00:31:12.400 --> 00:31:17.759
The incipient smile at first becomes the
concrete response to stimuli, a kiss,

346
00:31:18.279 --> 00:31:22.839
a caress, a word, the
minic evolves from primitive and elementary gestures

347
00:31:22.920 --> 00:31:26.559
to more fine and precise ones,
to become a true symphony of facial messages.

348
00:31:33.279 --> 00:31:37.000
The development of verbal language begins with
the repetition of a few words,

349
00:31:37.680 --> 00:31:41.200
first clumsily and then in a somewhat
more precise way. The child repeats those

350
00:31:41.240 --> 00:31:45.839
that hear his mother or the people
who take care of his mouth again becomes

351
00:31:45.920 --> 00:31:52.920
protagonist with the consequent exultant of all
those in his surroundings. Grammar is,

352
00:31:52.119 --> 00:31:57.480
at first blurred, blurred. Tenue
when the child is about one and a

353
00:31:57.839 --> 00:32:02.599
half years old sr handles about twenty
words at three or four. It dominates

354
00:32:02.680 --> 00:32:08.519
almost a thousand. The leap is
therefore impressive. Every object you find around

355
00:32:08.559 --> 00:32:13.799
you is going to be identified by
a word and pointed out with the finger

356
00:32:13.839 --> 00:32:19.079
to name things is to take them
over and thanks to language, the child

357
00:32:19.200 --> 00:32:23.079
inhabits their reality, giving meaning to
everything, opening corridors of communication from one

358
00:32:23.200 --> 00:32:30.039
concept to another. Verbal communication is
the great step forward with your mother next

359
00:32:30.119 --> 00:32:36.240
door, serving as an excellent vehicle
of love and knowledge. For its part,

360
00:32:36.640 --> 00:32:39.920
intellectual development begins about five or seven
months, when only a certain practical

361
00:32:40.039 --> 00:32:46.559
intelligence appears. Everything mixes psychomotor skills, nonverbal and verbal language, the ability

362
00:32:46.599 --> 00:32:52.839
to start solving small coordination problems by
forming visual and manual schemes a singular operating

363
00:32:52.920 --> 00:33:00.839
diptych. At year or year and
a half intentional behaviors arise based on scores.

364
00:33:00.599 --> 00:33:05.400
And that' s when the exposed
stimulus relationship starts to work. The

365
00:33:05.440 --> 00:33:08.079
mother, for example, opens the
door to her room and the child tells

366
00:33:08.119 --> 00:33:14.640
her something or kisses her. Then
he discovers what is inside and what is

367
00:33:14.680 --> 00:33:19.680
outside, the means and the ends, the causes and the effects. All

368
00:33:19.839 --> 00:33:24.200
this is rudimentaryly deposited in his head. The child thanks and realizes the very

369
00:33:24.279 --> 00:33:29.400
positive consequences that this has on those
around him and thus, for a simple

370
00:33:29.440 --> 00:33:37.720
reinforcement, repeats them again. The
child is an essentially needy and needy animal.

371
00:33:37.759 --> 00:33:43.079
His mother' s gonna do everything
for him. We could even say

372
00:33:43.119 --> 00:33:45.839
that his world is his mother,
whom he very at first recognizes by smell

373
00:33:46.839 --> 00:33:52.960
the relationship mother son is mysterious and
loving. While the mother is aware of

374
00:33:52.039 --> 00:33:57.000
everything that is going on between them, the baby is unaware of the richness

375
00:33:57.119 --> 00:34:00.519
of those encounters and their importance.
This is a communication chaired by affectivity.

376
00:34:04.359 --> 00:34:07.599
This is how the child begins to
die, his concion and the first babblings

377
00:34:07.679 --> 00:34:14.760
of his personality. Slow gradual task, progressive sequence of physical and psychological exchanges

378
00:34:14.840 --> 00:34:16.920
that will lead the child out of
the prostration in which he was until then.

379
00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:23.519
Added to this show is the affective
development, whose first two ingredients are

380
00:34:23.599 --> 00:34:29.280
laughter and crying. If you lack
food, you ask it through crying is

381
00:34:29.719 --> 00:34:34.559
like a biological clock that calls the
mother or the person who cares for you

382
00:34:34.639 --> 00:34:39.159
to cover your need. Smile,
laughter and funny and friendly faces are answers

383
00:34:39.199 --> 00:34:46.239
to positive stimuli. When he'
s about six months old, he laughs

384
00:34:46.280 --> 00:34:51.039
at seeing the vibron or receiving a
toy or a biter. At this time

385
00:34:51.119 --> 00:34:54.280
he discovers his image in the mirror
and is surprised not knowing what is going

386
00:34:54.320 --> 00:34:59.800
on. Little by little, he
becomes familiar with her around him discovers others.

387
00:35:01.559 --> 00:35:07.159
It has a particularly rich meaning the
appearance of another child his equal with

388
00:35:07.239 --> 00:35:13.920
whom he is able to share a
remarkable new relationship of mutual exploration. It

389
00:35:13.960 --> 00:35:19.480
is when they make their appearance the
first glimpses of angry friendship and jealousy and

390
00:35:19.559 --> 00:35:23.960
when one of the great discoveries of
this period takes place the game, the

391
00:35:24.039 --> 00:35:28.519
child needs to get inside a toy
and break it to know that it is

392
00:35:28.519 --> 00:35:31.599
hiding there. At the same time, drawing and dolls form a key universe

393
00:35:31.639 --> 00:35:37.320
for him. The rivalry, the
fear or the feeling that it produces.

394
00:35:37.400 --> 00:35:40.320
The fact that they take something from
him is causing the first affective reactions to

395
00:35:40.360 --> 00:35:45.440
jump the education of the parents in
those years, to stop the taste of

396
00:35:45.480 --> 00:35:50.159
mastery two, a climate of love
and passes, the best psychological food that

397
00:35:50.199 --> 00:35:54.000
we can give to the child,
knowing to combine with common sense stable rules

398
00:35:54.039 --> 00:35:59.079
of life and in turn, not
too rigid, that are forming a solemn,

399
00:35:59.639 --> 00:36:05.559
splendid and fundamental educational process. A
correct and healthy nutrition that teaches to

400
00:36:05.599 --> 00:36:09.199
avoid useless whims that later costs to
remove. It is also very important.

401
00:36:10.239 --> 00:36:15.159
You should learn to eat alone and
handle the cutlery by yourself, something that

402
00:36:15.199 --> 00:36:19.280
is usually achieved around a year and
a half. Another rule that helps regulate

403
00:36:19.320 --> 00:36:22.840
a child' s life is sleep. If a newborn spends the day sleeping

404
00:36:22.920 --> 00:36:29.960
as the months go by, this
changes. The mother should not lose sight

405
00:36:30.039 --> 00:36:34.519
of the fact that she gradually instills
in the child' s brain a biological

406
00:36:34.599 --> 00:36:37.000
clock that will soon freeze her own
and according to which she will sleep and

407
00:36:37.000 --> 00:36:42.280
wake up. The child can sleep
by moving his crib or singing to him,

408
00:36:42.519 --> 00:36:45.360
but without forgetting that if he is
not careful, he will soon manipulate

409
00:36:45.400 --> 00:36:51.079
his parents and create a vicious circle. Also at this early stage of life,

410
00:36:51.239 --> 00:36:53.840
it is advisable to educate the child, because if negative habits are created.

411
00:36:54.840 --> 00:37:00.199
Everything will then be more difficult for
the child' s different learning years.

412
00:37:01.559 --> 00:37:06.599
The newborn child already has all the
nerve cells he or she will have

413
00:37:06.639 --> 00:37:09.079
in the future, but his or
her nervous system is immature. It'

414
00:37:09.159 --> 00:37:14.639
s not done. It therefore has
many limitations. He cannot walk, speak,

415
00:37:15.400 --> 00:37:19.760
or be minimally self- sustaining.
This is due to the lack of

416
00:37:19.760 --> 00:37:23.159
nerve collections, which carries with it, among other things, that he is

417
00:37:23.239 --> 00:37:28.800
not able to remember anything at that
stage of his life. This childhood amnesia

418
00:37:28.880 --> 00:37:32.239
contrasts with the great dedication of the
mother, who benefits especially from that tender

419
00:37:32.320 --> 00:37:37.079
and delicate relationship that consolidates motherhood as
one of the most intimate experiences in a

420
00:37:37.119 --> 00:37:44.360
woman' s life. As far
as motor skills are concerned. We should

421
00:37:44.360 --> 00:37:45.920
highlight, among others, the moment
when the child is able to pass,

422
00:37:46.000 --> 00:37:50.800
to be face down to half side
and soon after being face down to face

423
00:37:50.880 --> 00:37:54.639
up before the year, usually learns
to tear and before the two gets down

424
00:37:54.679 --> 00:38:01.639
on his knees, sits and gets
up. He himself is amazed to see

425
00:38:01.679 --> 00:38:07.679
himself standing and feeling safe. These
are star moments for parents who enjoy observing

426
00:38:07.840 --> 00:38:14.840
these advances. The development of motor
skills also means taking over the surrounding world.

427
00:38:15.599 --> 00:38:23.000
The reflexes of this arsenal of involuntary
responses to certain stimuli are gradually appearing

428
00:38:23.039 --> 00:38:29.199
and early learnings are fixed on the
child and his brain forever. This has

429
00:38:29.239 --> 00:38:34.519
also been demonstrated in experimental animals over
the months, the brain is maturing and

430
00:38:34.599 --> 00:38:37.679
as the child discovers life in all
its richness, it is enriched being finer

431
00:38:37.679 --> 00:38:45.440
and precise the tasks that can be
performed. Later, brain areas related to

432
00:38:45.519 --> 00:38:52.559
censo- perception, memory, thought, and language will develop. The intellectual

433
00:38:52.599 --> 00:38:58.599
development of the child is a subject
of vital importance if at first everything is

434
00:38:58.639 --> 00:39:01.000
taken to the mouth, because it, with sns replaces its means of initial

435
00:39:01.000 --> 00:39:06.760
exploration. Later he will touch and
manipulate things to recognize them and capture their

436
00:39:06.760 --> 00:39:09.880
differences. A rubber ball, a
doll, a plastic train or a small

437
00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.800
bottle help you to see how far
you can get in knowledge. That'

438
00:39:14.880 --> 00:39:17.840
s what' s in front of
your eyes. They are ascending stages in

439
00:39:17.920 --> 00:39:22.800
which one learns to elaborate images and
concepts of certain simple schemes, it passes

440
00:39:22.880 --> 00:39:29.840
to more complicated ones and thus the
world is understanding and interpreting itself. It

441
00:39:29.920 --> 00:39:34.559
was Jean Piaget, one of the
most relevant psychopedagogues, who described the succession

442
00:39:34.599 --> 00:39:38.199
of stages, the learning of a
sensitive stage and the motor to see sounds

443
00:39:38.320 --> 00:39:43.199
and words heard, smelling and shoveling
to be touched transits to another preoperative stage.

444
00:39:43.320 --> 00:39:46.079
Things are represented with words and images, but logical reasoning is still absent

445
00:39:46.159 --> 00:39:52.360
to finally reach five to six years. The operational stage begins to think with

446
00:39:52.440 --> 00:39:58.840
a certain logic about concrete things.
It is introduced in arithmetic and mathematics and

447
00:39:59.239 --> 00:40:04.400
in terms of psychological development, egocentrism
appears and the word I becomes magical and

448
00:40:04.480 --> 00:40:10.760
repetitive. This time of year.
Affective life already has particular notes. The

449
00:40:10.840 --> 00:40:15.719
child can get angry and even take
a big tantrum if he does not do

450
00:40:15.840 --> 00:40:22.039
what he wants or is contradicted.
Crying remains the priority language. A more

451
00:40:22.280 --> 00:40:29.760
fantastic period begins in which stories have
a fundamental value. Parents usually accompany their

452
00:40:29.760 --> 00:40:31.760
children at night when they get into
bed with that unforgettable betham and read stories

453
00:40:31.800 --> 00:40:38.639
and stories that fulfill a double mission
to educate and stimulate their imagination. They

454
00:40:38.719 --> 00:40:43.599
are experiences that are engraved with fire
in the personality and that, when the

455
00:40:43.719 --> 00:40:46.840
years pass, are remembered with love, as the sweetest times one has ever

456
00:40:46.960 --> 00:40:52.760
lived. The child' s desire
to please his mother gives way to more

457
00:40:52.880 --> 00:40:57.400
philosophical questions about the goodness or evil
of a god conduct, sickness, death.

458
00:40:59.199 --> 00:41:02.280
School life takes on an extraordinary dimension, beyond the academic one, because

459
00:41:02.719 --> 00:41:07.559
of the relationship with peers, the
sense of friendship and the difference between the

460
00:41:07.679 --> 00:41:12.280
sexes, among other things, Parents
must know what it is at this time

461
00:41:12.360 --> 00:41:16.280
when the education of the will begins
and they will seek to make it attractive

462
00:41:16.280 --> 00:41:21.639
and suggestive, explaining to their child
in a simple and clear language, why

463
00:41:21.719 --> 00:41:25.239
of it learning to read and write
constitutes a milestone and in this, as

464
00:41:25.639 --> 00:41:31.719
in the rest, the mother remains
a central one. It would be long

465
00:41:31.840 --> 00:41:36.239
and smooth to describe what happens to
the child from the age of seven.

466
00:41:37.440 --> 00:41:40.360
Suffice it to say that at that
age the personality already has a fairly definite

467
00:41:40.679 --> 00:41:45.320
profile, being the parents able to
differentiate the way of being from that child

468
00:41:45.440 --> 00:41:50.079
and another brother or a cousin or
a friend. Moreover, it is already

469
00:41:50.199 --> 00:41:55.360
possible to observe psychological similarities, as
well as to distinguish character and temperament,

470
00:41:57.000 --> 00:42:00.440
that is, the acquired and the
inherited. From about eight to eleven years

471
00:42:00.559 --> 00:42:07.000
of age there is an extraordinary qualitative
leap, especially in girls, whose maturation

472
00:42:07.079 --> 00:42:13.320
usually takes place three or four years
before boys, maturation and experience go hand

473
00:42:13.400 --> 00:42:17.800
in hand. When we stop seeing
a child of this age for a few

474
00:42:17.880 --> 00:42:22.079
months, we notice more of the
changes that have occurred in his behavior and,

475
00:42:22.480 --> 00:42:27.519
especially in his way of being.
The maturation of intelligence is a gradual

476
00:42:27.599 --> 00:42:32.119
process in which the individual internalizes psychological
schemes, readings, parent and brother influences,

477
00:42:32.280 --> 00:42:37.679
and relationships with teachers and friends.
We must also take into account the

478
00:42:37.760 --> 00:42:42.840
power of television, an important ingredient
that we must not lose sight of,

479
00:42:43.280 --> 00:42:45.760
especially because of its negative effect,
if we do not exercise control over it

480
00:42:45.800 --> 00:42:51.760
that prevents children from being at the
mercy of the worst of programming. In

481
00:42:51.840 --> 00:42:55.159
this gradual process that is the development
of intelligence, it is convenient to put

482
00:42:55.159 --> 00:42:59.719
order. I insist that parents should
not forget that they are the first of

483
00:42:59.840 --> 00:43:01.920
doubts and that they educate more about
what they do than about what they say.

484
00:43:02.920 --> 00:43:06.800
It is his conduct that speaks and
his exemplaryness that drags the children to

485
00:43:06.920 --> 00:43:12.480
follow a direction that they consider coherent
and attractive. These are the courses by

486
00:43:12.599 --> 00:43:15.400
which the initial personality is forged,
which looks out and hides, dilutes and

487
00:43:15.400 --> 00:43:22.239
reappears. These are the first tests, tests and attempts that probe the environment

488
00:43:22.360 --> 00:43:27.679
and yourself, looking for an identity
that at first is imprecise, but that

489
00:43:27.679 --> 00:43:37.320
gradually becomes clearer and more precise profiles. The n was puberty. This stage

490
00:43:37.400 --> 00:43:40.159
of development, which ranges from about
ten to fourteen years of age in girls

491
00:43:40.239 --> 00:43:45.119
and from twelve to sixteen years of
age in boys, implies the biological bodily

492
00:43:45.239 --> 00:43:51.159
maturation that culminates in the ability of
both to beget. This age of dread

493
00:43:51.199 --> 00:43:55.119
is characterized by a psychological hypersensitivity,
great changes of mind and judgment, emotional

494
00:43:55.440 --> 00:44:01.079
instability, rebellion, feelings of tantrums
and crying crises that parents require tact,

495
00:44:01.599 --> 00:44:07.000
patience and know how to do Faced
with this undulating behavior, they want to

496
00:44:07.000 --> 00:44:10.639
be greater than they really are,
as if they were in a hurry to

497
00:44:10.760 --> 00:44:16.639
grow. Girls also mature earlier on
the sentimental plane, and this is a

498
00:44:16.760 --> 00:44:23.239
constant in the Western world. Instability
of mind is frequent with oscillations ranging from

499
00:44:23.360 --> 00:44:28.159
joy, to sadness, to sickened
enthusiasm, to disappointments that have for them

500
00:44:28.199 --> 00:44:32.920
the taste of great defeats. The
small frustrations of the day- to-

501
00:44:34.360 --> 00:44:37.719
day are lived in an exaggerated and
even dramatic way, since they have not

502
00:44:37.800 --> 00:44:42.079
yet learned to value the facts in
a moderate and even way. Life is

503
00:44:42.199 --> 00:44:45.719
strongly experienced with intensity. That'
s why those swings are so marked.

504
00:44:46.880 --> 00:44:51.519
It is common to find a person
of this age crying without knowing why,

505
00:44:51.800 --> 00:44:57.039
as if he took the pulse to
great emotions in their rich diversity. In

506
00:44:57.079 --> 00:45:00.119
puberty there is the awakening of friendship, but already at deeper levels, in

507
00:45:00.199 --> 00:45:07.320
which experiences and more intimate questions are
exchanged. Both friendship and first love have

508
00:45:07.360 --> 00:45:14.760
freshness and craze. Affectivity is still
pure. Unpolished. The surprise of knowing

509
00:45:14.800 --> 00:45:17.320
that someone can fix themselves on one
is important and causes such an outpouring that,

510
00:45:17.880 --> 00:45:22.639
if things don' t go as
desired, they can fall down a

511
00:45:22.719 --> 00:45:27.079
sliding ramp and become the opposite.
Disenchantment, sadness and disappointment in observing that

512
00:45:27.199 --> 00:45:31.800
what seemed so easy and simple has
become complicated and labyrinthine. Parents should go

513
00:45:31.880 --> 00:45:37.199
ahead and teach them what sentimental life
is with simple examples and apply a positive

514
00:45:37.320 --> 00:45:44.920
pedagogy that avoids both skepticism and excessively
hard information for them. Depending on the

515
00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:51.920
personality of each child, we will
have to use different arguments and nuances as

516
00:45:52.000 --> 00:45:54.840
far as sexuality is concerned, it
is at puberty that it acquires great importance.

517
00:45:55.920 --> 00:46:00.159
The discovery of body maturation is a
surprise that is gradually witnessed by checking

518
00:46:00.239 --> 00:46:07.000
the changes that are operating successively.
In girls it develops, the breast appears

519
00:46:07.320 --> 00:46:10.559
in pubic and axillary hair, and
the first monarchy menstruation that usually becomes an

520
00:46:10.639 --> 00:46:15.960
accomplice secret between mother and daughter,
which has almost always been informed about it.

521
00:46:17.119 --> 00:46:21.480
It is essential for the mother to
be able to respond clearly to her

522
00:46:21.599 --> 00:46:24.440
daughter' s doubts and the relationship
with her best friend is often more intense

523
00:46:24.639 --> 00:46:30.840
at that time. The attraction towards
the boys, as well as the fall

524
00:46:30.880 --> 00:46:36.320
in love, almost always idealized in
comparison with the girls, also begins to

525
00:46:36.320 --> 00:46:40.119
appear. Boys are these ages more
childish from a genital point of view.

526
00:46:40.719 --> 00:46:45.000
An elongation of the penis and a
development of the scrotum are noted. The

527
00:46:45.079 --> 00:46:51.960
interest in sexuality is intensifying, but
modesty is still very strong. The attraction

528
00:46:52.000 --> 00:46:54.239
for people of the other sex is
gradually emerging, and also the falling in

529
00:46:54.320 --> 00:47:00.960
love although with less finesse and psychology
than in girls, Boys prefer to look

530
00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:07.360
for sex information outside the home with
schoolmates. On many occasions, such data

531
00:47:07.440 --> 00:47:12.159
may be distorted and even given in
an unlucky or abrupt way without nuances,

532
00:47:12.639 --> 00:47:15.840
which in the long run cause much
damage. It is therefore desirable that,

533
00:47:16.239 --> 00:47:20.760
once again, parents go ahead and
explain things as they are, but with

534
00:47:21.239 --> 00:47:28.480
a complete broad sense that goes beyond
purely sexual. These experiences mark the biographical

535
00:47:28.559 --> 00:47:35.920
journey always unrepeatable and do not forget
with the passage of the years. Hence

536
00:47:35.960 --> 00:47:40.440
the special care you have to put
in order for you to experience in a

537
00:47:40.519 --> 00:47:45.039
healthy and harmonious way. Sexual information. Six must be ever wider and more

538
00:47:45.079 --> 00:47:51.599
precise As for the interpersonal aspect,
boys and girls discover that they can trust

539
00:47:51.679 --> 00:47:58.320
friends and tell them their most intimate
things. This has enormous value. An

540
00:47:58.400 --> 00:48:01.519
important ingredient of the interpersonal development is
sport, as it helps them to demonstrate

541
00:48:01.559 --> 00:48:06.559
to themselves their ability and tenacity and
at the same time teaches them how to

542
00:48:06.679 --> 00:48:12.960
win and lose. It also helps
to broaden the circle of acquaintances so that

543
00:48:13.039 --> 00:48:16.559
they can breathe out from there from
the College group, true friends. For

544
00:48:16.639 --> 00:48:21.880
its part, music takes on significance
at this stage and is also a means

545
00:48:21.960 --> 00:48:27.199
to relate and express. Affection,
dance provides them with a new environment in

546
00:48:27.280 --> 00:48:32.199
which to express joy. The processes
of identity are forged in this mixture of

547
00:48:32.280 --> 00:48:37.000
ingredients copying the behaviors of the comrades
who are more leaders and the personal profile

548
00:48:37.079 --> 00:48:43.079
itself is drawing nuances, moving between
lights and shadows that combine a complex imagery

549
00:48:43.199 --> 00:48:49.800
that will gradually lead to consolidating the
structure of the personality. In the families.

550
00:48:49.920 --> 00:48:53.280
With an only child the concept of
brotherhood is lost with him the possibility

551
00:48:53.360 --> 00:48:59.119
of discovering the value of such a
close deal and learning to share. Also

552
00:48:59.159 --> 00:49:01.679
different is the family thing in families
where there are only girls or only boys.

553
00:49:04.480 --> 00:49:07.639
From Freud and even before it is
known that the girls feel a greater

554
00:49:07.719 --> 00:49:12.679
inclination towards the complex father of electric
and the boys towards the complex mother of

555
00:49:12.679 --> 00:49:17.599
edipus. This is usually a constant
in preadolescence. There is already a certain

556
00:49:17.719 --> 00:49:22.280
criticism of the girls towards their mother
in a mixture of rivalry and rebellion,

557
00:49:22.679 --> 00:49:27.840
and the same is true between the
children and their father. Soon friends begin

558
00:49:27.920 --> 00:49:32.599
to replace the family and become front- line protagonists. The work of the

559
00:49:32.719 --> 00:49:37.880
parents on this journey is very delicate
and it takes a lot of mastery to

560
00:49:37.000 --> 00:49:42.000
overcome the conflicts of people who are
not doing and who are rebellious by antonomasia.

561
00:49:43.079 --> 00:49:45.880
Certainly, the friends that our children
have at those ages must be respected,

562
00:49:46.239 --> 00:49:51.559
but monitoring that they do not fall
into an environment too permissive that is

563
00:49:51.639 --> 00:49:57.920
ultimately negative and leads to a degradation
of behavior. This supervision must be carried

564
00:49:58.039 --> 00:50:01.880
out with stealth and tac preventing them
from feeling manipulated or deprived of their freedoms.

565
00:50:04.880 --> 00:50:09.119
School is an essential part of life
right now. In it are born

566
00:50:09.119 --> 00:50:16.039
friendships, encounters, rejections, tensions, companionship. In some cases it will

567
00:50:16.039 --> 00:50:20.119
even be more important than the family, not only because of the number of

568
00:50:20.199 --> 00:50:22.559
hours a day spent there, but
because it can influence more than parents and

569
00:50:22.639 --> 00:50:28.480
siblings. But true education must be
given in the family, which is where

570
00:50:28.519 --> 00:50:32.039
one learns to live. As a
first model. It is decisive for good

571
00:50:32.119 --> 00:50:39.159
or bad. Adolescence or age of
deficiencies. Adolescence is the period that goes

572
00:50:39.280 --> 00:50:46.239
from sixteen to seventeen years until one
becomes an adult. The term comes etymologically

573
00:50:46.360 --> 00:50:52.880
from the Latin word adolescents that defines
the one who suffers from maturity is the

574
00:50:52.960 --> 00:50:57.039
age of the deficiencies, but with
the paradoxical surprise that it constitutes the stage

575
00:50:57.079 --> 00:50:59.960
in which one believes that one knows
it. All the fis the form of

576
00:50:59.960 --> 00:51:04.079
the personality in adolescence responds to criteria
of physical, psychological and sociocultural maturation,

577
00:51:05.079 --> 00:51:09.280
with a difficult mixture of clarity and
confusion nitide the capture of what is life

578
00:51:09.360 --> 00:51:15.880
and blurry in the methods to learn
it. In this three- dimensional,

579
00:51:15.400 --> 00:51:20.679
bodily, psychological and sociocultural transition,
we are witnessing a series of changes that

580
00:51:20.800 --> 00:51:24.000
are going to leave an indelible mark. In the physical plane, the increase

581
00:51:24.079 --> 00:51:29.119
in height stands out. While boys
grow up to 13 centimeters per year,

582
00:51:29.440 --> 00:51:35.960
girls do it in about 8 centimeters. Primary and secondary sexual characteristics are also

583
00:51:36.039 --> 00:51:42.880
manifested. With all that means and
settle the monarchy and ejaculation. In the

584
00:51:42.960 --> 00:51:46.199
psychological plane, there is a band
of changes that will be added and superimposed

585
00:51:46.440 --> 00:51:52.559
and that are governed by two important
elements, intelligence and affectivity. Intelligence as

586
00:51:52.679 --> 00:51:58.719
a teenager' s ability to reason
and pose philosophical questions about life his thoughts

587
00:51:58.760 --> 00:52:02.440
become more critical and often leads him
to confront parents in an almost natural way.

588
00:52:06.119 --> 00:52:08.039
In the midst of tension, he
controls himself badly and passes from rebellion,

589
00:52:08.159 --> 00:52:12.800
to the silence of anger, to
the confinement in himself and usually seeks

590
00:52:12.920 --> 00:52:15.119
in one of his friends the understanding
that he does not find in his home.

591
00:52:16.559 --> 00:52:21.480
In adolescence, the way of thinking
becomes more logical, abstract and systematic,

592
00:52:21.679 --> 00:52:25.119
this fact, coupled with their eagerness
to change the world, makes them

593
00:52:25.480 --> 00:52:34.119
very idealistic. They value the great
themes of human existence from a utopian prism,

594
00:52:34.480 --> 00:52:39.800
justice, good political life, love
and its forms friendship. Everything is

595
00:52:39.840 --> 00:52:45.559
expressed in a passionate way. Adults
attend their discussions a little astounded, checking

596
00:52:45.559 --> 00:52:50.960
each time that the teenager, due
to his little life experience, lacks the

597
00:52:51.079 --> 00:52:57.920
support of reality. Critical sense and
idealism are two characteristic elements of this stage.

598
00:52:59.320 --> 00:53:01.360
As for the ugly activity, we
are faced with a period in which

599
00:53:01.400 --> 00:53:08.480
feelings, emotions and passions are in
full effervescence. Teenagers discover their emotional geography

600
00:53:08.559 --> 00:53:13.880
and explore it in a thousand ways, sometimes passively, allowing them to invade

601
00:53:13.920 --> 00:53:21.559
their experiences and others actively, participating
and acting on events. They are common,

602
00:53:22.239 --> 00:53:25.320
as we have already pointed out,
the great oscillations of the mood,

603
00:53:25.639 --> 00:53:30.559
very harassed jumps that take place in
the same day and are also frequent resources

604
00:53:30.639 --> 00:53:35.880
such as silence or crying in solitude
so as not to be seen or questioned

605
00:53:35.960 --> 00:53:40.480
by parents and brothers. There are
several discoveries that the teenager makes and learns

606
00:53:40.559 --> 00:53:46.039
to taste in the first place his
own intimacy, a kind of warehouse of

607
00:53:46.039 --> 00:53:51.159
experiences, a space inhabited by biographical
facts that already begin to have density,

608
00:53:52.639 --> 00:53:55.159
intimacy of knowing that we need to
return to ourselves to relive it. Already

609
00:53:55.239 --> 00:54:01.280
experienced, Spanish thinker José Ortega and
gass seven stated that there are two psychological

610
00:54:01.360 --> 00:54:07.920
operations, especially typical of contact with
reality. The self- absorbing in our

611
00:54:07.000 --> 00:54:10.599
deepest interior and the alteration to live
in the action of what is brought out

612
00:54:10.679 --> 00:54:16.079
and carried by the outside world at
the dawn of the adolescent' s intimacy,

613
00:54:16.440 --> 00:54:19.719
is the germ of what will be
in the future. The so-

614
00:54:20.480 --> 00:54:23.679
called experience of life, a kind
of silent accumulated knowledge most of the time

615
00:54:23.760 --> 00:54:28.639
and eloquent in star moments, which
is but a superior form of knowledge,

616
00:54:29.320 --> 00:54:34.440
an abstract knowledge, but with a
rich anecdotary, a mosaic formed by the

617
00:54:34.559 --> 00:54:38.039
traces of what we have lived.
It is the testimony that we have spent

618
00:54:38.119 --> 00:54:44.559
our lives delving into their joyous and
sad, bright and dark, transparent and

619
00:54:44.599 --> 00:54:49.719
opaque nooks and pallading their many flavors. In this way we dive into the

620
00:54:49.800 --> 00:54:55.760
discovery of ourselves and others. Another
great discovery of the teenage stage is the

621
00:54:55.800 --> 00:55:00.599
desire for independence, the desire to
feel free in immediate life and in the

622
00:55:00.679 --> 00:55:05.480
future. This desire to fly without
anyone' s help moves between two opposing

623
00:55:05.559 --> 00:55:07.880
poles. On the one hand,
loneliness is sought and, on the other,

624
00:55:08.440 --> 00:55:14.159
the group or gang of friends is
needed. The teenager wants to leave

625
00:55:14.239 --> 00:55:17.880
his house, not be controlled.
To lead an independent life without the vigilance

626
00:55:17.960 --> 00:55:24.599
of his parents, bores him with
the routine and needs surprising new experiences to

627
00:55:24.639 --> 00:55:29.000
explore and discover the pieces that are
going to be key in his own identity.

628
00:55:30.000 --> 00:55:34.480
In these tempestuous moments, parents must
leave free spaces for self- assertion,

629
00:55:36.360 --> 00:55:38.960
along with intimacy and desire for independence, a heightened critical spirit leaps to

630
00:55:39.039 --> 00:55:45.119
the scene. It is essential that
the adolescent can have coherent and attractive models

631
00:55:45.159 --> 00:55:50.960
of identity that serve as benchmarks of
the behavior. Parents cannot expect their children

632
00:55:51.000 --> 00:55:55.440
to practice things that they do not
practice. The behavior of parents is the

633
00:55:55.519 --> 00:56:00.000
first scheme that adolescents perceive and submit
to trial at the beginning in a harsh

634
00:56:00.079 --> 00:56:04.800
way and as the years pass,
softening their posture, which will allow the

635
00:56:04.840 --> 00:56:07.159
waters to return to their channel and
make the assessment of the parents more balanced

636
00:56:07.280 --> 00:56:15.280
and understanding. In the search for
adolescent identity, it will be parents,

637
00:56:15.679 --> 00:56:19.719
friends, teachers and social leaders from
the fashion footballer to the rock singer,

638
00:56:20.000 --> 00:56:29.079
to popular and television characters who play
a leading role. The imitation of behaviors

639
00:56:29.199 --> 00:56:32.320
is an important point at this time, as is the transmission of values from

640
00:56:32.400 --> 00:56:37.639
the authentic family school in which you
learn the best, distinguish the good from

641
00:56:37.719 --> 00:56:40.280
the bad, have moral criteria and
do not accept the norms of society if

642
00:56:40.360 --> 00:56:49.519
they are contrary to human nature.
Social development is a major issue. The

643
00:56:49.599 --> 00:56:54.400
family nucleus is often relegated to the
background in favour of friends. Night departures

644
00:56:54.480 --> 00:56:59.760
begin, for which parents must combine
tolerance and n n UAs common to reach

645
00:56:59.840 --> 00:57:06.599
a point of balance between the two
elements. Teenagers live with a certain vertigo

646
00:57:07.000 --> 00:57:12.119
precipitously swallow events as if they were
in a hurry to get to no one

647
00:57:12.440 --> 00:57:19.360
knows where and they live with quite
dramaticism disappointments, frustrations and misunderstandings. A

648
00:57:19.440 --> 00:57:22.800
common problem in the adolescent stage is
the excessive use of the phone, a

649
00:57:22.920 --> 00:57:28.280
practice that seems as necessary to them
as eating. Today, with the proliferation

650
00:57:28.400 --> 00:57:34.679
of mobile phones, the issue has
taken on unsuspected proportions. A teenager can

651
00:57:34.760 --> 00:57:37.159
easily talk on the phone for a
couple of hours a day. If you

652
00:57:37.239 --> 00:57:43.960
have a strong affective relationship, that
time can be doubled. Another important aspect

653
00:57:44.079 --> 00:57:49.360
of this period is that of will. The will is the ability to do

654
00:57:49.440 --> 00:57:53.840
something valuable and it costs without having
an immediate result is the ability to postpone

655
00:57:53.920 --> 00:57:59.159
the reward by doing what should be
educated. The will is to learn,

656
00:57:59.280 --> 00:58:05.239
to renounce immediate satisfactions and to value
and weigh things before acting. This is

657
00:58:05.320 --> 00:58:10.360
a long process that begins in childhood
and has concrete results in adolescence. Neither

658
00:58:10.480 --> 00:58:15.639
the child is a potential adult nor
the adolescent is a causeless rebel. Both

659
00:58:15.679 --> 00:58:22.480
have to cross certain knowledge thresholds to
enter the mature adult world. The will

660
00:58:22.559 --> 00:58:29.400
has in adolescence two fields of exploration, studies and constancy. The first accounts

661
00:58:29.519 --> 00:58:32.320
for the use of time in the
school and in the house itself. The

662
00:58:32.440 --> 00:58:37.880
second of one' s tenacity.
Many smart teenagers with a high intellectual ratio

663
00:58:37.960 --> 00:58:44.239
have poor results because they are weak
in both aspects, they study little and

664
00:58:44.360 --> 00:58:50.280
without constancy, and they are often
surprised by the good school performance of some

665
00:58:50.440 --> 00:58:54.320
peers that they do not take into
account. Let us look at the following

666
00:58:54.400 --> 00:58:59.119
illustrative clinical history of the deficiency that
we have pointed out earlier. It'

667
00:58:59.199 --> 00:59:01.239
s about a young man walking 20- year- old who has a sister

668
00:59:01.239 --> 00:59:05.519
of one. They come to the
consultation of parents without him, because he

669
00:59:05.559 --> 00:59:09.000
refuses to argue that I am not
crazy or have lost my mind. The

670
00:59:09.119 --> 00:59:13.679
ones you need to go to the
psychiatrist. It' s you. Your

671
00:59:13.760 --> 00:59:16.360
mother' s information is as follows. From the age of twelve to thirteen,

672
00:59:16.800 --> 00:59:22.840
our son has given us permanent headaches. At first we thought it was

673
00:59:22.920 --> 00:59:28.440
puberty and it was the typical rebellion
of those years. Then we saw it

674
00:59:28.559 --> 00:59:34.400
was something deeper. Until then.
The school notes were passable. I used

675
00:59:34.480 --> 00:59:38.440
to try hard between the two June
and September calls. He has always been

676
00:59:38.559 --> 00:59:44.480
lazy for his duties, uneducated,
disordered in his room, especially very capricious,

677
00:59:45.119 --> 00:59:46.519
so that, if we did not
do what he wanted, he would

678
00:59:46.639 --> 00:59:52.440
become aggressive and could be angry for
several days breaking things. He stopped going

679
00:59:52.480 --> 00:59:57.920
to school, even though we thought
he was in school. From there,

680
00:59:58.079 --> 01:00:02.320
school failure has been a constant thing. Year after year, he has repeated

681
01:00:02.400 --> 01:00:07.760
the last three years with regard to
studies. It' s extremely messy.

682
01:00:07.199 --> 01:00:12.360
He loses his notes and notebooks and
only studies a few days before the exams,

683
01:00:12.760 --> 01:00:16.119
because we' ve been on top
of him since he was seventeen.

684
01:00:16.280 --> 01:00:21.320
The issue has gone worse on weekends
and comes back the next morning or even

685
01:00:21.400 --> 01:00:25.239
two days later, without warning and
with the logical concern that something has happened

686
01:00:25.360 --> 01:00:30.679
to him. He had a very
serious accident with a friend' s car

687
01:00:30.760 --> 01:00:36.039
without having a driver' s license
that caused a different fracture and bruises.

688
01:00:37.199 --> 01:00:40.199
We have spoken to him in all
ways, softly, harshly, putting ourselves

689
01:00:40.639 --> 01:00:45.840
in his place with punishments, small
and large, forgiving him, but the

690
01:00:45.960 --> 01:00:52.400
result has always been negative. All
in vain. He' s only ever

691
01:00:52.519 --> 01:00:55.000
asked for forgiveness. He says he
wants to change and that he will succeed,

692
01:00:55.400 --> 01:01:01.199
but his good intentions last very little
and the father continues. I have

693
01:01:01.239 --> 01:01:06.079
a small business and I could work
with me, but I' m scared

694
01:01:06.199 --> 01:01:08.360
because he' s not responsible and
I don' t trust him. Lately

695
01:01:08.599 --> 01:01:14.079
everything has been aggravated by other facts. He has taken money from his mother

696
01:01:14.199 --> 01:01:19.119
small amounts, but continuously and has
stolen in a supermarket accompanied by another boy

697
01:01:19.239 --> 01:01:22.800
who leads the same kind of life. The matter is serious, as it

698
01:01:22.840 --> 01:01:29.199
was discovered by the security when it
came out, and in case it wasn

699
01:01:29.320 --> 01:01:30.920
' t enough, it got a
girl pregnant with whom she had been dating

700
01:01:30.920 --> 01:01:35.559
for a few months. Both of
these things take away importance and say they

701
01:01:35.639 --> 01:01:39.719
are age- specific. There is
also his behavior that alarms us on some

702
01:01:39.800 --> 01:01:44.960
of the occasions when he has been
punished without leaving. We' ve been

703
01:01:45.000 --> 01:01:47.599
afraid of your mother, your sister, and I that something serious might happen,

704
01:01:47.840 --> 01:01:52.400
because you' ve thrown things out
the window, broken some vase,

705
01:01:52.679 --> 01:01:55.960
or smashed the TV. He sometimes
asks for forgiveness and gets sad, but

706
01:01:57.320 --> 01:02:00.320
on most occasions he says they are
warnings, which gives us to leave him

707
01:02:00.440 --> 01:02:05.880
alone and adds the mother has no
will, only does what he wants.

708
01:02:07.719 --> 01:02:12.400
Your room is so messy that sometimes
you can' t even open the door.

709
01:02:13.480 --> 01:02:16.079
It is not constant, with nothing
starts something and immediately, it gets

710
01:02:16.199 --> 01:02:20.719
tired and leaves it. This has
happened especially with sport, except with football,

711
01:02:21.440 --> 01:02:23.880
which is the only one that continues
to practice, and also with English

712
01:02:23.960 --> 01:02:29.559
and computer activities that started when he
left school almost a year ago says that

713
01:02:29.679 --> 01:02:36.559
he doesn' t like studying.
The truth is, we don' t

714
01:02:36.559 --> 01:02:38.480
know how to deal with it.
We took him to a psychologist twice and

715
01:02:38.599 --> 01:02:43.519
he said he wasn' t coming
back, that no one had to tell

716
01:02:43.519 --> 01:02:46.079
him what to do. He gets
up at 12 in the morning or even

717
01:02:46.199 --> 01:02:50.440
later, and after breakfast, he
goes to the street and returns at the

718
01:02:50.480 --> 01:02:54.000
end of the afternoon. You can' t ask him where he' s

719
01:02:54.119 --> 01:02:59.519
gone, because then his reaction is
very aggressive. He' s even threatened

720
01:02:59.599 --> 01:03:02.239
us with suicide on several occasions,
something that keeps us in the dark.

721
01:03:04.760 --> 01:03:08.000
We are facing a clear personality disorder, but it is necessary to define what

722
01:03:08.079 --> 01:03:14.719
type to design a proper treatment in
the psychopathy or antisocial disorder of the personality.

723
01:03:15.760 --> 01:03:22.239
The most obvious symptoms are uncontrolled aggressiveness
and persistent responsibility, continued refusal to

724
01:03:22.320 --> 01:03:29.000
adapt to social norms dishonest behaviors.
Another very marked feature of the psychopath is

725
01:03:29.000 --> 01:03:32.000
the absence of feelings of guilt or, in other words, the lack of

726
01:03:32.079 --> 01:03:37.280
remorse, which occurs only from time
to time, even with weeping and a

727
01:03:37.440 --> 01:03:43.599
certain self- criticism, although inconsistent. However, the threats of self-

728
01:03:43.920 --> 01:03:47.239
aggressive acts are rare in this group
of disorders, being the most common hetero

729
01:03:47.519 --> 01:03:53.360
- aggressive. Those who tend to
attack other people are more characteristic of a

730
01:03:53.440 --> 01:03:59.360
personality- limit disorder, with an
accentuated soul reactivity and episodes of enormous anxiety

731
01:03:59.360 --> 01:04:05.960
associated with irritability and strong verbal discontrol. Another important observation is the healthy behavior

732
01:04:06.079 --> 01:04:11.000
of her sister, who studies well
and has a positive relationship with her parents.

733
01:04:12.039 --> 01:04:15.920
And, moreover, there is no
family history of personality mismatches, either

734
01:04:15.199 --> 01:04:19.880
in the first or in the second
degree. The youth' s interpersonal relationships

735
01:04:19.960 --> 01:04:25.599
are both unstable and intense. It
often changes friends and you are, when

736
01:04:25.679 --> 01:04:30.039
you have them, very decompensated.
The impulsivity shown by their parents is a

737
01:04:30.119 --> 01:04:34.599
first- rate fact, with repercussions
for themselves and for the family and social

738
01:04:34.639 --> 01:04:41.360
environment. We are, therefore,
before a subject with an average intelligence,

739
01:04:42.159 --> 01:04:46.000
according to the Raben test, who
has a marked anxiety picture. When you

740
01:04:46.119 --> 01:04:50.079
finally got her to come for a
consultation, our first task was to gain

741
01:04:50.159 --> 01:04:55.360
her trust and explain to her that
our goal was to help her have a

742
01:04:55.360 --> 01:04:59.320
better quality of life. In the
second session we fought his lack of awareness

743
01:04:59.360 --> 01:05:02.480
about the disease and explained it gently, but clearly what his diagnosis was.

744
01:05:04.800 --> 01:05:11.159
A three- dimensional therapy was designed
based on pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and sociotherapy,

745
01:05:11.639 --> 01:05:16.719
which accepted relatively well one more sample
that the antisocial components of his personality were

746
01:05:16.880 --> 01:05:23.880
not so accused. Pharmacotherapy was given
to parsola or a GMO for breakfast,

747
01:05:24.480 --> 01:05:30.119
food, snack and dinner. Observing
a worrying background that his paternal grandfather spent

748
01:05:30.239 --> 01:05:34.960
very excited seasons, talking a lot, doing strange things in other times he

749
01:05:35.079 --> 01:05:40.039
would get into bed without wanting to
do anything. We added a euthymic drug,

750
01:05:40.159 --> 01:05:45.400
biological mood stabilizer goes to the sodium
proato 500 mg for breakfast and dinner

751
01:05:45.679 --> 01:05:51.039
and LORACEPA, not five to counteract
the attacks of aggressiveness. Psychotherapy. Initially,

752
01:05:51.280 --> 01:05:56.559
he was motivated to attempt progressively to
implement the suggestions of the cognitive behavior

753
01:05:56.639 --> 01:06:02.239
program, following a double methodology based
on objectives and instruments. It was laborious,

754
01:06:02.840 --> 01:06:06.360
but from the beginning we had the
support of the parents, who became

755
01:06:06.440 --> 01:06:12.559
very involved and strengthened their son from
the first and slight improvements to the few

756
01:06:12.599 --> 01:06:16.840
sessions we began to use a self- registration sheet at the beginning daily and

757
01:06:16.920 --> 01:06:21.280
then on alternate days, in which
he himself valued his behavior with the malm

758
01:06:21.440 --> 01:06:28.320
regular notes either b or very well
m partner therapy was delayed a schedule of

759
01:06:28.360 --> 01:06:31.119
activities according to which he received English
classes first thing in the morning to prevent

760
01:06:31.239 --> 01:06:34.599
him from spending almost all the morning
in bed and then he went to work

761
01:06:34.679 --> 01:06:40.119
a few hours to the paternal business, where he performed a very concrete task

762
01:06:40.239 --> 01:06:43.599
and always supervised by someone who was
not his father' s work therapy.

763
01:06:44.559 --> 01:06:46.559
He was also able to be included
in a group therapy once a week,

764
01:06:46.920 --> 01:06:53.760
although at first he resisted in terms
of the partner therapy proper he worked with

765
01:06:53.880 --> 01:06:57.800
the change of environment, especially the
distance of some friends with pathological and antisocial

766
01:06:57.920 --> 01:07:04.840
behaviors. The therapeutic advances have been
clear, although with ups and downs and

767
01:07:04.880 --> 01:07:10.440
threats of abandonment. The prognosis is
for the moment uncertain and it will be

768
01:07:10.719 --> 01:07:14.639
necessary to trust, among other things, the skill of the team and the

769
01:07:14.639 --> 01:07:17.719
re- education of the parents,
who also received behavioral guidelines on how to

770
01:07:17.719 --> 01:07:23.360
treat their child. Finally, we
must not forget the importance of sexuality in

771
01:07:23.440 --> 01:07:29.880
the development of adolescents, closely connected
with affection and first love. Sexuality is

772
01:07:29.960 --> 01:07:33.119
a mosaic in which diverse aspects converge, the process of identity, the formation

773
01:07:33.440 --> 01:07:39.000
of the main elements of personality,
the environment, fashions, television, the

774
01:07:39.000 --> 01:07:45.239
school. Little by little the appropriation
of the body is going to take place,

775
01:07:45.880 --> 01:07:48.840
as well as its approval. The
body is our vehicle of appearance in

776
01:07:48.920 --> 01:07:54.440
the world. We are our body
and we dwell in it and, in

777
01:07:54.440 --> 01:08:00.000
turn, our body has us.
The body can be a source of well

778
01:08:00.159 --> 01:08:04.719
- being or discomfort. As we
live it, some personality misalignments begin at

779
01:08:04.840 --> 01:08:10.119
this age when the relationship with one' s own body is deficient, bad

780
01:08:10.119 --> 01:08:15.840
neurotic. Consider, for example,
the explosion that has occurred in recent decades

781
01:08:15.880 --> 01:08:20.159
in cases of anorexia bulimia. It
should not be forgotten that the body has

782
01:08:20.239 --> 01:08:26.279
a bifrontal, affective and sexual meaning. In a first stage it focuses on

783
01:08:26.359 --> 01:08:30.119
the love of oneself and only later
in the search for someone with whom to

784
01:08:30.239 --> 01:08:35.199
engage and open ourselves up in fan
to form a unity. Becoming a person

785
01:08:35.399 --> 01:08:43.880
is a gradual slow task that carries
implied psychological progress full of influences. How

786
01:08:43.960 --> 01:08:47.000
easy it is to twist the trajectory
of an immersed teenager. As we are

787
01:08:47.079 --> 01:08:51.760
in a very permissive and relativistic society. For this reason, especially in the

788
01:08:51.840 --> 01:08:56.279
sexual field, parents, who are
the first educators, must offer healthy,

789
01:08:56.600 --> 01:09:02.560
coherent, humanistic and ethical criteria.
If not, we can meet after a

790
01:09:02.640 --> 01:09:09.960
few years with a subject who suffers
from a breakdown of sexuality. Sexuality is

791
01:09:10.039 --> 01:09:15.000
a source of curiosity for adolescents whose
importance is growing strongly. The mirror and

792
01:09:15.079 --> 01:09:19.359
the magazines constitute two screens to stand
out, since in the first one he

793
01:09:19.479 --> 01:09:25.439
recognizes himself and in the second he
discovers other bodies with their anatomical characteristics.

794
01:09:26.640 --> 01:09:30.680
Sex begins to be recognized as a
source of pleasure and fear, joy and

795
01:09:30.720 --> 01:09:36.600
threat. Sexual impulses have a very
strong pull in adolescence. Masturbation is going

796
01:09:36.640 --> 01:09:42.319
to be a transitory step that parents
should simply explain, both psychologically and morally.

797
01:09:45.560 --> 01:09:47.960
Not to mention this is a mistake, among other things, because the

798
01:09:48.039 --> 01:09:56.399
information that children can receive from people
outside the family is sometimes harmful. Sex

799
01:09:56.439 --> 01:10:00.800
education should not be restricted to explaining
what happens at the genital level and what

800
01:10:00.880 --> 01:10:05.319
the risks of sexually transmitted diseases are. This vision would be very poor.

801
01:10:06.319 --> 01:10:11.119
Parents are responsible for guiding the proper
information, since its influence is decisive and

802
01:10:11.319 --> 01:10:16.560
irreplaceable, and omitting such information is
the same as denying it. Sexuality expresses

803
01:10:16.600 --> 01:10:21.039
all the richness of the person and
must bring together physical, psychological, sociocultural

804
01:10:21.039 --> 01:10:29.920
and spiritual ingredients. The analysis of
sexuality is a contempt for the true sense

805
01:10:30.039 --> 01:10:34.319
of feelings. I would frame it
within a light conception of life, according

806
01:10:34.720 --> 01:10:39.640
to which everything is worth. Any
behavior is good if you' re okay

807
01:10:39.800 --> 01:10:44.119
with it. Sexuality and love of
coming from the hand is the best way

808
01:10:44.239 --> 01:10:48.840
to favor the maturation of the personality. An interesting question in this regard is

809
01:10:48.920 --> 01:10:54.479
the modesty that many teenagers feel,
modesty before their own body and the other

810
01:10:54.560 --> 01:10:59.520
person who teaches them to discover and
preserve intimacy. To teach them the importance

811
01:10:59.520 --> 01:11:02.600
of modesty, naturally, is to
awaken respect for the person and his mystery.

812
01:11:04.000 --> 01:11:08.800
Today, this mysterious and magical plot
of sexuality is being lost because of

813
01:11:08.880 --> 01:11:13.119
the massive dissemination in cinema, and
especially on television, of images of sex

814
01:11:13.199 --> 01:11:20.239
pornography and its derivatives. Against this
explicit character, modesty has a significant note.

815
01:11:21.199 --> 01:11:26.359
Essential not to show what must remain
hidden nine. Today' s culture

816
01:11:26.399 --> 01:11:30.720
has become a civilization of things and
not of people. The result is that

817
01:11:30.840 --> 01:11:34.720
people are used as if they were
things, degrading like that. His treatment

818
01:11:35.840 --> 01:11:40.439
is, therefore, in adolescence,
on that journey in which one becomes a

819
01:11:40.520 --> 01:11:45.560
sponge. When all these questions must
be clearly explained, convincingly, without stubble,

820
01:11:46.079 --> 01:11:51.000
it is the only possibility to oppose
the prevailing fashions of going countercurrent.

821
01:11:54.720 --> 01:11:59.640
The ambivalence and inadequate sex education lead
many teenagers to receive contradictory messages to viens

822
01:11:59.800 --> 01:12:05.279
voice that will delay their sentimental development, making them unable to understand the greatness

823
01:12:05.399 --> 01:12:13.359
of sexuality. Many teenage pregnancies are
explained by this lack of information. Fortunately,

824
01:12:13.840 --> 01:12:18.760
children born out of wedlock today are
not an extraordinary trauma. In general,

825
01:12:19.199 --> 01:12:23.119
they remain in the care of grandparents
in their first years of life,

826
01:12:23.640 --> 01:12:27.960
until the mother and father achieve more
favourable conditions that allow them to assume their

827
01:12:28.000 --> 01:12:34.560
duties by the adult person. The
adult person is one who has attained a

828
01:12:34.640 --> 01:12:41.239
state of physical, psychological, social
and cultural maturity in the long process of

829
01:12:41.319 --> 01:12:45.600
becoming a free and independent person.
Maturity represents the culmination of the fullness of

830
01:12:45.720 --> 01:12:51.319
rolls the faculties that reside in the
human being. There are no scientific criteria

831
01:12:51.399 --> 01:12:56.720
for establishing a dividing line that defines
when the adult stage begins. That is

832
01:12:56.800 --> 01:13:00.359
why we have to talk about early, middle and late adulthood. They are

833
01:13:00.479 --> 01:13:06.840
vivis borders of imprecise and sometimes arbitrary
contours. Early adulthood includes between the ages

834
01:13:06.880 --> 01:13:11.680
of twenty and forty- five,
the average from forty to sixty- five,

835
01:13:11.880 --> 01:13:16.319
and the late from sixty- five. From now on, let us

836
01:13:16.399 --> 01:13:20.279
not forget that life expectancy has grown
much in recent years, so it is

837
01:13:20.359 --> 01:13:25.359
easy to find people over eighty whose
health is great and their faculties are intact,

838
01:13:26.119 --> 01:13:30.720
except for some physiological decline in some
of them. Walking eyes on recent

839
01:13:31.039 --> 01:13:38.479
memory. However, the personality is
not the same at the age of twenty

840
01:13:38.600 --> 01:13:43.199
as when we crossed the barrier of
forty, adults also change over the years,

841
01:13:43.600 --> 01:13:48.520
although less than in childhood, puberty
or adolescence. Today, in the

842
01:13:48.600 --> 01:13:53.600
western world there has been a delay
in psychological maturity due to various reasons,

843
01:13:54.239 --> 01:13:59.319
the dramatic changes in life forms,
the cultural conditioning that have transformed many of

844
01:13:59.319 --> 01:14:03.319
the social habits, the influence of
the major media, especially television, the

845
01:14:03.359 --> 01:14:09.399
changes in the values that have been
in force in the last half century and

846
01:14:09.479 --> 01:14:15.439
the replacement by others of spare parts. The consequence is quite clear. Many

847
01:14:15.560 --> 01:14:19.800
people are fundamentally lost, without firm
grips, without knowing what to stick to.

848
01:14:23.319 --> 01:14:28.640
Time is the great architect of life. Successes, failures, joys,

849
01:14:29.079 --> 01:14:32.000
sorrows, successes and mistakes are going
to weave the dense web of existence,

850
01:14:32.600 --> 01:14:39.439
its face and its cross. Having
extended life so long, five and even

851
01:14:39.560 --> 01:14:45.079
six generations live together today, with
all that it means. If between the

852
01:14:45.159 --> 01:14:47.680
ages of twenty- five and forty, one is at his best biological time.

853
01:14:48.079 --> 01:14:50.960
From the seventies to seventy- fives, the decline becomes evident, health

854
01:14:51.079 --> 01:14:59.520
is breaking and the closeness of death
becomes more real Today. Many individuals live

855
01:14:59.600 --> 01:15:02.920
as if death did not exist.
They' re on their backs to her.

856
01:15:03.960 --> 01:15:09.640
In several previous cultures, however,
the opposite was true. The Egyptian,

857
01:15:10.039 --> 01:15:13.439
the Greek, the Roman, the
Western, from the Middle Ages to

858
01:15:13.560 --> 01:15:18.000
romanticism. The great silence that exists
today on the subject will surely disappear over

859
01:15:18.039 --> 01:15:23.319
time and, as it is a
cyclical movement, will again have relevance in

860
01:15:23.520 --> 01:15:30.039
a well- knit culture. Early
adulthood corresponds to what in common language we

861
01:15:30.119 --> 01:15:34.199
call youth is when one perceives that
the physical reaches its zenith muscle strength,

862
01:15:34.880 --> 01:15:44.079
body development, agility of movements,
reaction time to stimuli, strength. The

863
01:15:44.159 --> 01:15:48.439
same is true in the intellectual sphere, thought, censo- perception, memory,

864
01:15:48.760 --> 01:15:55.000
consciousness, the world of tendencies and
instincts. All this will have a

865
01:15:55.079 --> 01:16:00.800
special consistency at this stage. The
various learnings also achieve well their apogee and

866
01:16:00.880 --> 01:16:04.800
memory. That faculty to live the
past in the present is especially fine ten

867
01:16:04.920 --> 01:16:12.279
and can be measured mathematically. Michella
Gallagher, nine hundred and ninety, did

868
01:16:12.319 --> 01:16:16.520
the following research work with rats.
He put young and old rats in a

869
01:16:16.600 --> 01:16:23.399
cloudy water pond and taught them how
to swim to a nearby platform. She

870
01:16:23.439 --> 01:16:27.439
found that young women and also some
of the old women knew how to get

871
01:16:27.439 --> 01:16:30.159
away from cloudy water. He later
studied his brain tissue and found that those

872
01:16:30.239 --> 01:16:35.800
who had not swam towards the platform
had a more deteriorated brain. Longitudinal intelligence

873
01:16:35.880 --> 01:16:41.640
studies show that usually, when a
test is applied in the different adult,

874
01:16:42.000 --> 01:16:47.880
early, medium and late ages,
the results remain stable. However, it

875
01:16:48.359 --> 01:16:54.840
does not occur the same in the
cross- sectional studies of Bechsler one thousand

876
01:16:54.840 --> 01:16:57.399
nine hundred and seventy- two.
He found that these research cuts point to

877
01:16:57.479 --> 01:17:00.760
a gradual decline in mental, physiological
capacity typical of the passage of the years,

878
01:17:01.319 --> 01:17:05.720
which is part of the general aging
that affects all physical and psychological components.

879
01:17:08.640 --> 01:17:12.199
In presennil dementias, like Alzheimer'
s pik. The deficit of theoretical,

880
01:17:13.000 --> 01:17:15.960
practical, analytical and synthetic intelligence is
greater while there is a decrease in

881
01:17:16.039 --> 01:17:24.239
recent memory. From a social point
of view, in young adults there is

882
01:17:24.319 --> 01:17:30.159
an important experience of family independence,
either because they marry, or because they

883
01:17:30.279 --> 01:17:33.560
are emancipated from their parents. In
the case of children of separated parents,

884
01:17:34.039 --> 01:17:39.479
the parental home is usually left behind
when the filial parental bond is broken.

885
01:17:39.880 --> 01:17:43.920
If they divorce themselves, social relations
will undergo a change and their future will

886
01:17:44.000 --> 01:17:49.279
depend on many factors. It is
time for vocational training, from its first

887
01:17:49.399 --> 01:17:55.119
results to its first job. The
work journey continues, in which effort,

888
01:17:55.319 --> 01:17:59.920
struggle and the opening of the way
go hand in hand. To feel productive,

889
01:18:00.640 --> 01:18:04.239
to earn a living economically and to
exercise the profession correctly produces a wave

890
01:18:04.399 --> 01:18:09.960
of satisfaction. At present, with
the incorporation of women in traditional male tasks,

891
01:18:10.479 --> 01:18:15.880
the picture has changed sharply. Those
who work outside the home and,

892
01:18:16.039 --> 01:18:19.000
in turn, in the home have
an activity plus that must be taken into

893
01:18:19.119 --> 01:18:27.439
account by the stress caused by the
middle adult age is as its name indicates

894
01:18:27.560 --> 01:18:32.720
the average age of life or what
in colloquial language we call maturity. Currently,

895
01:18:33.279 --> 01:18:36.560
much of the world' s developed
population. It is a period full

896
01:18:36.680 --> 01:18:41.439
of strength that corresponds, on the
one hand, to the most flourishing years,

897
01:18:41.880 --> 01:18:45.760
on the other, at the beginning
of the decline of existence. A

898
01:18:45.840 --> 01:18:49.880
person from forty- five to fifty
years of age does sports weekly of strong

899
01:18:49.920 --> 01:18:55.000
ports such as escuas, tennis,
football or other softer such as futing,

900
01:18:55.439 --> 01:19:00.600
golf, etc. And its vigor
can be excellent already already realized the full

901
01:19:00.680 --> 01:19:03.960
emancipation of the parents, the basis
of the education is settled, the economic

902
01:19:04.079 --> 01:19:09.319
and social independence is achieved, the
affirmation of oneself through a well structured personality

903
01:19:09.439 --> 01:19:16.880
and the responsibility that reaches its maximum
limits. The profession and the family must

904
01:19:16.920 --> 01:19:21.600
be the two pillars of life.
If these are truncated for any reason,

905
01:19:23.000 --> 01:19:27.960
the repercussion on the personality will leave
a deep footprint. At this point.

906
01:19:28.039 --> 01:19:30.000
You can already see the results of
the kind of life you have led and

907
01:19:30.079 --> 01:19:35.399
maturity helps us understand reality in its
broadest sense. We look at all facets,

908
01:19:36.560 --> 01:19:42.439
analyze the results, go back to
frustrations and continue to have illusions to

909
01:19:42.439 --> 01:19:45.479
meet eleven. The dimensions of life. They go out to work and family.

910
01:19:45.199 --> 01:19:51.600
Friends, culture, hobbies, leisure
come together. In women, the

911
01:19:51.680 --> 01:19:57.119
main biological change is going to be
menopause, which takes place when menstruation disappears.

912
01:19:58.279 --> 01:20:02.000
With it, the possibility of having
children This happens between the ages of

913
01:20:02.079 --> 01:20:06.960
forty and fifty- three, approximately, resulting in a series of physiological and

914
01:20:08.039 --> 01:20:13.000
hormonal changes that lead to the climaterium. The production of female estrogen hormones is

915
01:20:13.119 --> 01:20:17.560
reduced and a number of specific hot
flashes or sudden changes in heat and cold

916
01:20:17.640 --> 01:20:24.720
occur throughout the body. Reduction of
vaginal discharge, urinary disorders and mood disorders,

917
01:20:24.960 --> 01:20:30.479
sadness, anxiety, psychological hypersensitivity.
Realizing that there is no more youth

918
01:20:30.560 --> 01:20:35.600
and all that it means. On
the other hand, the climaterium of the

919
01:20:35.600 --> 01:20:41.199
male or andropause consists in the decrease
of fertility, orgasm, livid and sexual

920
01:20:41.279 --> 01:20:45.439
potency. Although we must not forget
that man can be a father at very

921
01:20:45.479 --> 01:20:49.359
advanced ages of life. Their hormone
production becomes intermittent and this is the cause

922
01:20:49.479 --> 01:20:55.640
of such fluctuations. A small percentage, less than five percent, according to

923
01:20:55.680 --> 01:21:00.680
the various research works, suffers from
depression or sexual maladaptation. There may be

924
01:21:00.760 --> 01:21:06.920
some negative personality changes that do not
always qualify as disorders. They are modifications

925
01:21:08.039 --> 01:21:11.439
that take place within the margins of
normality and that do not affect the relationship

926
01:21:11.520 --> 01:21:15.640
neither with oneself nor with the other
family cohabitation, unless previously there was a

927
01:21:15.680 --> 01:21:19.520
mismatch of personality, in which case, if the pre- existing pathological manifestations

928
01:21:19.600 --> 01:21:27.560
in the present world can be exacerbated, it exists and has strong roots.

929
01:21:27.920 --> 01:21:31.039
The pleitesy of being young, leading
to a series of contagious fashions. To

930
01:21:31.159 --> 01:21:35.119
submit to the myth of eternal youth, the skin must remain smooth and unwrinkled.

931
01:21:36.039 --> 01:21:42.199
The rooster legs that translate too clearly. The years must be disguised and

932
01:21:42.279 --> 01:21:47.640
fat, in their various forms disappear. These demands lead many women to cosmetic

933
01:21:47.680 --> 01:21:51.920
surgery in order to dissolve the signs
indicating that the 50- year- old

934
01:21:53.000 --> 01:21:58.560
border has been crossed. The myth
of eternal youth will manifest itself, because,

935
01:21:58.920 --> 01:22:03.079
especially in the façade, it must
be carefully cared for. In this

936
01:22:03.159 --> 01:22:08.439
sense, the cult of the image
itself becomes often unnatural and highlights in some

937
01:22:08.560 --> 01:22:13.239
circumstances a type of personality disorder that
has in this data symptom plus twelve.

938
01:22:16.399 --> 01:22:20.239
At other times there is a more
or less clear justification. The crisis of

939
01:22:20.319 --> 01:22:26.199
maturity of the fifty years. In
the person with a good psychological balance it

940
01:22:26.279 --> 01:22:30.279
is readily accepted that the years pass
and that each epoch has its attractive attractions,

941
01:22:30.239 --> 01:22:36.319
challenges, enjoyments, difficulties and servitudes. If the physicist languishes, the

942
01:22:36.399 --> 01:22:41.920
exercise of making the most of the
vital moment in which one is immersed becomes

943
01:22:42.159 --> 01:22:46.359
especially necessary. Being in reality is
a symptom of balance, of psychological maturity,

944
01:22:47.039 --> 01:22:53.119
of good agreement between the chronological and
mental ages. It is a work

945
01:22:53.199 --> 01:22:57.399
of harmonious connections between the past and
the future, but always with the look

946
01:22:57.439 --> 01:23:01.560
on the future. Thus we know
that the best intellectual age is not around

947
01:23:01.680 --> 01:23:05.800
twenty to twenty- five years,
but later, due mainly to the experience

948
01:23:05.880 --> 01:23:12.960
of life. Thus, the types
of synthetic, social, verbal and instrumental

949
01:23:13.039 --> 01:23:16.399
intelligence, order, constancy, motivation
and will, improve over the years and

950
01:23:16.479 --> 01:23:24.319
point out the psychological importance of efforts, learning and expression of feelings. The

951
01:23:24.399 --> 01:23:28.560
trial is fine- tuned and becomes
more accurate. The vagrancy of youthful images

952
01:23:28.720 --> 01:23:32.479
gives way to firmer, at the
same time subtler and richer criteria. Utopia

953
01:23:32.560 --> 01:23:38.000
and disenchantment, so frequent in youth
life, show a more real and authentic

954
01:23:38.119 --> 01:23:43.359
face. The mood stabilizes and loses
those oscillations so common in previous years.

955
01:23:45.560 --> 01:23:48.840
In conclusion, the project of life
ceases to be volati and ligitic and is

956
01:23:49.000 --> 01:23:55.439
subject to its own path. Many
of the points of view of our younger

957
01:23:55.560 --> 01:23:59.720
years are maintained, but with particularities
and characteristics of s s s s s

958
01:23:59.800 --> 01:24:03.319
s s that have been lived.
Kant said, we are always the same,

959
01:24:04.000 --> 01:24:08.439
but we are not always the same. This does not mean that an

960
01:24:08.560 --> 01:24:14.439
unadjusted personality cannot be positively modified by
the action of a drug or a precise

961
01:24:14.560 --> 01:24:18.119
psychotherapy, as we will see when
we turn to treatments. Moreover, therapeutic

962
01:24:18.560 --> 01:24:24.239
achievements raise the level of self-
esteem and improve self- control, especially

963
01:24:24.319 --> 01:24:28.359
if the psychiatrist has sufficient ability to
motivate a change of behavior on a very

964
01:24:28.479 --> 01:24:32.079
concrete plot and in well- defined
aspects that require some kind of restoration.

965
01:24:34.039 --> 01:24:36.479
Ideally, in this phase of life, one is able to be oneself,

966
01:24:36.920 --> 01:24:42.279
abandoning stereotypes and behavioral formulas that seek
the approval of others rather than the very

967
01:24:42.319 --> 01:24:48.960
expression of how one is. This
has a natural name, that is,

968
01:24:49.359 --> 01:24:55.079
spontaneity, to show our true way
of being without the mediation of the environment

969
01:24:55.199 --> 01:24:58.119
or the fear of not being well
or being disapproved by the environment. Naturality

970
01:24:59.199 --> 01:25:02.960
is that as the aristocratic aspect of
conduct, llaneza, sincerity, frankness,

971
01:25:03.399 --> 01:25:09.479
woven of simplicity, maturity, allows
us to leave aside the leaf litter and

972
01:25:09.600 --> 01:25:13.119
the typical mechanisms of those who have
not found themselves and achieve true personal identity.

973
01:25:15.359 --> 01:25:18.640
Thus, the experiences of adulthood,
early and middle age, are correctly

974
01:25:18.720 --> 01:25:24.640
placed on our inner map, that
is, valued objectively, impartially and evenly.

975
01:25:27.119 --> 01:25:31.119
Psychological traumas, especially family and professional
affective traumas, are assimilated and compiled

976
01:25:31.199 --> 01:25:39.560
in a tight synthesis that summarizes the
biography with less passion. Freuds' s

977
01:25:39.640 --> 01:25:44.960
first works were introduced into the importance
of psychological trauma. Today we know that

978
01:25:45.039 --> 01:25:48.720
this needs to be studied more rigorously, as there are often elaborations and interpretations

979
01:25:48.800 --> 01:25:56.359
from trauma. There may be microtraumas
that are valued in an excessive and true

980
01:25:56.359 --> 01:26:00.840
way, macrotraumas that leave an indelible
footprint, difficult to erase and that break

981
01:26:00.920 --> 01:26:08.520
personal balance. Affectivity and intelligence.
During maturity, until very few years ago,

982
01:26:08.920 --> 01:26:14.119
the normal development of adults had not
been scientifically studied. Still, we

983
01:26:14.520 --> 01:26:18.439
know that personality is evolving and that
two particularly important facets of it, such

984
01:26:18.880 --> 01:26:26.279
as affectivity and intelligence, are changing. His clothing is around the age of

985
01:26:26.399 --> 01:26:30.840
fifty, when he reaches a greater
emotional balance. Primary, sudden, sudden

986
01:26:30.840 --> 01:26:36.520
emotions with little control diminish and increase
secondary emotional reactions, more elaborate, less

987
01:26:36.520 --> 01:26:42.399
immediate, more reflective, as well
as their intensity, although people are able

988
01:26:42.520 --> 01:26:47.800
to govern them better. Some of
these researches have been carried out, for

989
01:26:47.800 --> 01:26:51.479
example, on the subject of aggressive
driving, and it has been concluded that

990
01:26:51.520 --> 01:26:56.199
in women the reduction of this is
almost total from forty to forty- five

991
01:26:56.279 --> 01:27:00.680
years, approaching zero in those who
are already fifty and between fifty and sixty,

992
01:27:00.000 --> 01:27:03.279
the safety on the road is maximum
with the consequent reduction of traffic accidents

993
01:27:03.359 --> 01:27:11.439
in city and road. The mastery
of feelings is basic in the ability to

994
01:27:11.520 --> 01:27:18.119
distance oneself from external impacts and events, softening and decreasing hyperemotional responses. The

995
01:27:18.239 --> 01:27:24.720
ability of him to be human to
see himself from the courtyard of armchairs,

996
01:27:25.359 --> 01:27:30.119
being a spectator of his own performance
is a symptom of psychological maturity in which

997
01:27:30.199 --> 01:27:38.680
one' s wisdom, experience and
self- government are intermingled in a society

998
01:27:38.800 --> 01:27:42.680
as permissive and relativistic as the current
one, maintaining a stable marriage is beginning

999
01:27:42.680 --> 01:27:46.239
to be difficult. The statistics put
us on the table with very specific data.

1000
01:27:47.399 --> 01:27:50.960
In the United States, more than
fifty percent of couples are separated.

1001
01:27:51.920 --> 01:27:57.720
The second and third unions are even
broken again, but the data from the

1002
01:27:57.800 --> 01:28:02.720
European Union are not left behind.
In England the figures are somewhat higher at

1003
01:28:03.119 --> 01:28:06.560
about sixty to sixty- five percent, while in a city like London the

1004
01:28:06.680 --> 01:28:14.680
breakup figure is about seventy- five
percent. The increase in the number of

1005
01:28:14.800 --> 01:28:17.439
broken couples today is a manifestation of
the crisis of the person, who is

1006
01:28:17.479 --> 01:28:21.840
lost of herself, disoriented and at
the mercy of hedonism, consumerism, permissiveness

1007
01:28:21.920 --> 01:28:27.960
and relativism, the influence of fashion, the loss of the religious sense of

1008
01:28:28.079 --> 01:28:31.479
life and the progressive decrease of social
pressure in the face of a possible separation

1009
01:28:31.560 --> 01:28:39.720
result in this new epidemic thirteen this
affectivity to use and throw, which is

1010
01:28:39.720 --> 01:28:46.640
handled as if it were a fun
and playful DIY. The number of extraneous

1011
01:28:46.680 --> 01:28:53.800
children has increased in recent years.
In the Scandinavian countries, the figure of

1012
01:28:53.920 --> 01:28:58.159
one thousand nine hundred and ninety was
fifty per cent, while today it is

1013
01:28:58.199 --> 01:29:01.720
sixty- three per cent. In
the United States it went from four commas

1014
01:29:01.800 --> 01:29:06.000
five percent in nineteen hundred seventy to
twenty- eight percent in one thousand nine

1015
01:29:06.079 --> 01:29:10.760
hundred ninety and thirty- six percent
in two thousand. The data says that

1016
01:29:10.840 --> 01:29:13.880
thirty- eight percent of white children
and seventy- five percent of black children

1017
01:29:13.960 --> 01:29:18.520
will experience divorce from their parents before
they have them. Sixteen, sixty-

1018
01:29:19.680 --> 01:29:23.720
two percent of women and eighty percent
of men remarry, but the second marriages

1019
01:29:23.800 --> 01:29:30.840
are further divorced. Another interesting figure
in American studies is that only 17 percent

1020
01:29:30.880 --> 01:29:38.600
of separated parents see their children more
than once a year. It was Jota

1021
01:29:38.840 --> 01:29:42.800
eMe Gotman, a thousand nine hundred
and ninety- nine, who worked hard

1022
01:29:42.800 --> 01:29:47.439
on this issue. We find ourselves
facing a particularly vulnerable, fragile, unstable

1023
01:29:47.720 --> 01:29:54.720
adult generation that makes clear the separation
between the professional and the affective cross-

1024
01:29:56.079 --> 01:30:00.039
families combined in which children often feel
lost, without knowing, for example,

1025
01:30:00.479 --> 01:30:03.279
where they will spend their holidays,
or with whom and who need more than

1026
01:30:03.359 --> 01:30:09.520
others to test adaptive mechanisms to survive
and not to shipwreck because of the multiform

1027
01:30:09.640 --> 01:30:15.399
waves of parents whose sentimental life focuses
on chance or youth adventure. In this

1028
01:30:15.520 --> 01:30:21.880
context great conflicts arise that favor a
family pathology in alsa, although in reality

1029
01:30:23.000 --> 01:30:27.800
it is a crisis of the person. In nineteen hundred and ninety- nine,

1030
01:30:28.239 --> 01:30:31.319
more than one hundred and fifty law
professors from a University of Washington signed

1031
01:30:31.479 --> 01:30:36.800
a declaration in defense of marriage.
The initiative started from the mers loa proya

1032
01:30:36.880 --> 01:30:42.720
and the document was entitled to reaffirm
the marriage. Months later many other universities

1033
01:30:42.800 --> 01:30:48.399
joined the cause. The current numbers
of marriage crises are very alarming and their

1034
01:30:48.479 --> 01:30:55.359
consequences serious. Sometimes, the adult
who has reached a good maturity is responsible.

1035
01:30:56.359 --> 01:30:59.920
He knows how to exercise authority.
It presents a behavior guided by coherence

1036
01:31:00.199 --> 01:31:03.760
and is aware that the example is
what drags the most. It teaches children

1037
01:31:03.840 --> 01:31:09.880
and adolescents what life is and offers
answers to their questions. It opens the

1038
01:31:09.960 --> 01:31:12.960
mind and heart of your children and
explains to them the world beyond home,

1039
01:31:13.319 --> 01:31:16.039
as well as the ways in which
it should move and what dangers can be

1040
01:31:16.159 --> 01:31:21.359
encountered. When, almost naturally,
these children rebel against them, they will

1041
01:31:21.560 --> 01:31:26.439
criticize their conduct and tear them down
from the pedestal. If they' ve

1042
01:31:26.520 --> 01:31:31.680
been idealized before. If there is
affective maturity, there is coherence and a

1043
01:31:31.800 --> 01:31:38.000
professional affective project on which it is
worth striving from the watchtower of the age

1044
01:31:38.079 --> 01:31:42.760
that allows us a broader perspective of
things. We make a sort of life

1045
01:31:42.800 --> 01:31:45.239
evaluation, a biographical balance in which
we detail the must and the existence,

1046
01:31:45.560 --> 01:31:53.039
the achievements and the frustrations. By
reviewing the main issues, we affirm and

1047
01:31:53.159 --> 01:31:59.479
consolidate our personality, defining our identity. As for intelligence, they last the

1048
01:31:59.479 --> 01:32:02.920
r of ura. An already classic
work by Yerkes thousand nine hundred and twenty

1049
01:32:03.159 --> 01:32:08.640
- one shows that intelligence grows until
the age of fourteen and that there is

1050
01:32:08.640 --> 01:32:12.479
then a gradual decline. According to
Bechsler, the highest point is between twenty

1051
01:32:12.560 --> 01:32:16.640
and thirty years of freshness of thought, memory, reasoning, perception, ability

1052
01:32:17.039 --> 01:32:23.760
to store and process the received information
well, The ability to solve mathematical tests

1053
01:32:23.840 --> 01:32:28.720
and exercises decreases over the years,
but not the ability to process general information

1054
01:32:28.800 --> 01:32:35.840
nor the spirit of synthesis. Other
social skills are maintained until very old age.

1055
01:32:36.840 --> 01:32:41.840
In middle adulthood, the stability needed
for good professional performance is usually when

1056
01:32:42.000 --> 01:32:47.000
workers become more productive, and the
same is true for writers and artists who

1057
01:32:47.079 --> 01:32:54.520
reach their peak. Consider avant-
garde painters such as Miró Dalí, Picasso,

1058
01:32:55.199 --> 01:33:00.399
Tapis, Brack william de Connning,
Rock, Moterel, r Vcatel Distinguish,

1059
01:33:00.720 --> 01:33:04.560
two types of intelligence, the fluid, which is the one that manifests

1060
01:33:04.600 --> 01:33:09.720
itself in the speed of responses,
the ability to react or the rapid capture

1061
01:33:09.800 --> 01:33:14.399
of new situations, and the crystallized
one, which is the one that summarizes

1062
01:33:14.439 --> 01:33:18.640
the experience of life, accumulated knowledge, culture and erudition. The first one

1063
01:33:18.760 --> 01:33:23.039
reaches its zenith at the age of
twenty- three and then decreases. The

1064
01:33:23.119 --> 01:33:27.840
second is maintained until almost unchanged old
age, unless there is a cerebral vascular

1065
01:33:27.920 --> 01:33:32.359
disease or an alceimer- like disease. PIC In his longitudinal intelligence studies,

1066
01:33:32.960 --> 01:33:38.399
through the Raben progressive matrice test,
he found that the most gifted and educated

1067
01:33:38.479 --> 01:33:44.840
respondents were between the ages of 25
and 50. Young people were more open

1068
01:33:44.880 --> 01:33:48.159
to inventing and risking adventures, new
ones, business projects and diverse businesses,

1069
01:33:48.680 --> 01:33:53.520
while mature adults, especially from the
1950s, saw a decrease in the risk

1070
01:33:53.640 --> 01:34:03.319
capacity of late adulthood. As we
have already mentioned, there is no clear

1071
01:34:03.399 --> 01:34:08.000
dividing line to define this stage from
the remaining ones. In addition, we

1072
01:34:08.119 --> 01:34:12.760
must take into account the enormous differences
between some people and others according to the

1073
01:34:13.279 --> 01:34:16.000
following variables where one lives, type
of work that one has, level of

1074
01:34:16.159 --> 01:34:21.359
personal demand, family model that has
been constituted, number of children, economic

1075
01:34:21.359 --> 01:34:27.840
situation, cultural level, physical and
intellectual state and a long etcetera. Late

1076
01:34:27.920 --> 01:34:31.159
adulthood begins at sixty- five years
and coincides with the last years of working

1077
01:34:31.239 --> 01:34:36.079
life and the principle of retirement at
the Spanish University, for example, the

1078
01:34:36.079 --> 01:34:41.199
retirement age at seventy years, which
seems reasonable, as it is at this

1079
01:34:41.279 --> 01:34:47.039
age when their experience and knowledge are
more settled and firm. Even if it

1080
01:34:47.159 --> 01:34:50.439
is not the day of the latest
advances that have been operated on in its

1081
01:34:50.439 --> 01:34:56.039
discipline. Many of the ideas and
criteria presented when talking about middle adulthood are

1082
01:34:56.159 --> 01:35:01.399
still in effect in this early period
and the person has not been able to

1083
01:35:01.560 --> 01:35:06.319
prepare for it can produce a reactive
depression, motivated by this new empty life

1084
01:35:06.479 --> 01:35:11.880
and with few goals. Loneliness also
tends to weigh seriously and give rise to

1085
01:35:12.039 --> 01:35:15.680
a certain mismatch of personality, since
excessive isolation is negative, especially if the

1086
01:35:16.039 --> 01:35:23.359
person has little curiosity for culture and
reading. In these cases, friends clubs

1087
01:35:23.359 --> 01:35:30.159
are very beneficial. The important thing
at this age is to maintain the main

1088
01:35:30.199 --> 01:35:33.399
arguments of life, albeit with the
nuances of the moment. Love must continue

1089
01:35:33.479 --> 01:35:38.600
in the foreground and for this,
children and grandchildren must fulfil their fundamental role.

1090
01:35:41.720 --> 01:35:45.239
Various activities that you must know how
to connect with art. They must

1091
01:35:45.279 --> 01:35:48.920
cover the gap left by work in
that period of existence and in no case

1092
01:35:49.000 --> 01:35:57.159
should culture be lacking. Old age
or old age. Learning to grow old

1093
01:35:57.279 --> 01:36:00.640
is a master' s degree,
a profession that needs to be acquired with

1094
01:36:00.640 --> 01:36:03.720
skill. On many occasions, one
has the old age that has been cultivated

1095
01:36:03.760 --> 01:36:08.000
throughout life and that is when he
reaps what he has sown in certain other

1096
01:36:08.319 --> 01:36:15.600
avatars and circumstances mark these final stages. At these ages, physical conditions can

1097
01:36:15.720 --> 01:36:20.760
be chronic or acute. In the
prognosis chronicles. It is worse, because

1098
01:36:20.840 --> 01:36:25.960
these are conditions that have no solution
and that range from rheumatism to heart problems,

1099
01:36:26.520 --> 01:36:31.560
to serious difficulties in walking. It
is normal for motor skills to be

1100
01:36:31.560 --> 01:36:38.439
reduced, resulting in a slower motor
system. Insomnia is also often a constant

1101
01:36:38.560 --> 01:36:45.359
in its various forms. Acute conditions
include falls with subsequent hip breaks, which

1102
01:36:45.479 --> 01:36:51.119
in many cases constitute a passport to
death. Today, however, things have

1103
01:36:51.239 --> 01:36:56.600
changed so much that even a very
old person can recover from such trauma.

1104
01:37:00.079 --> 01:37:02.239
Five percent of people in the elderly
often die of cancer or heart disease and,

1105
01:37:02.439 --> 01:37:06.520
to a lesser extent, of a
vascular, cerebral, or respiratory process.

1106
01:37:10.359 --> 01:37:15.079
At the beginning of the century in
Europe a person of fifty- five

1107
01:37:15.119 --> 01:37:18.640
sixty years old was considered old.
Today, however, many people die being

1108
01:37:18.720 --> 01:37:26.520
relatively well off of almost all their
physical and mental faculties. Aging is only

1109
01:37:26.640 --> 01:37:30.840
the deterioration of the physiological systems of
the body, from the immune to the

1110
01:37:30.920 --> 01:37:35.399
hepatic, through the cardiac or cerebral
vascular systems. What seems to be proven

1111
01:37:35.520 --> 01:37:41.039
today is that an activity maintained over
time is a preventive element of first hand.

1112
01:37:42.800 --> 01:37:45.600
This is true even on an intellectual
level. Keeping cultural curiosity alive,

1113
01:37:46.119 --> 01:37:50.000
being in touch with the world and
not being locked into an almost monastic life

1114
01:37:50.119 --> 01:37:56.159
are positive elements that help to be
better. The two clinical histories that follow

1115
01:37:56.279 --> 01:38:01.720
reveal what happens when these aspects are
neglected. She is a woman of seventy

1116
01:38:02.159 --> 01:38:06.199
- nine years old, widowed and
with three children, who has lived alone

1117
01:38:06.359 --> 01:38:11.600
for three years. Previously, she
had a woman who lived with her,

1118
01:38:12.039 --> 01:38:15.279
a six- year- old household
employee, who had excellent relationships with the

1119
01:38:15.279 --> 01:38:19.119
children, but not so much with
her. Your forty- six- year

1120
01:38:19.840 --> 01:38:24.279
- old daughter tells us My mother
has always been a very difficult person.

1121
01:38:25.319 --> 01:38:30.840
My father suffered horrors with her.
Unstable capricious, you always have to do

1122
01:38:30.920 --> 01:38:33.640
what she wants to go. If
not, he reacts with a lot of

1123
01:38:33.640 --> 01:38:40.119
aggressiveness, disqualifying all the children.
He has always wanted to be the center

1124
01:38:40.119 --> 01:38:43.560
of attention, not only in the
family, but also among his friends.

1125
01:38:44.760 --> 01:38:48.319
She is an exaggerated, dramatic,
selfish woman, very critical of others,

1126
01:38:48.800 --> 01:38:56.039
but also smart, quick and observant. He is often heard of ill-

1127
01:38:56.039 --> 01:39:00.840
intentioned disqualifications. Ever since she became
a widow, the issue has gotten worse.

1128
01:39:00.840 --> 01:39:05.439
The housekeeper said goodbye because she couldn' t stand it. Now he

1129
01:39:05.560 --> 01:39:11.319
refuses to have anyone home. Sometimes
she calls on the phone to tell us

1130
01:39:11.399 --> 01:39:14.760
she' s dying, that her
head hurts, or that she' s

1131
01:39:14.840 --> 01:39:16.520
had a dizziness, and she'
s lost her sight. There have been

1132
01:39:16.640 --> 01:39:23.760
many emergency doctors who have come home
and found nothing clinical. But we go

1133
01:39:23.840 --> 01:39:30.520
frightfully and continues of the three brothers. Two of us are married and one

1134
01:39:30.560 --> 01:39:32.920
is letting go of me. He
tried to separate me from my husband,

1135
01:39:33.359 --> 01:39:38.319
speaking ill of him and his family. I' ve never been able to

1136
01:39:38.399 --> 01:39:42.079
vent with her and tell her my
problems, because she always ended up throwing

1137
01:39:42.079 --> 01:39:45.439
it at me. In the last
two years, his attitude has made my

1138
01:39:45.520 --> 01:39:49.199
character bitter. My husband says I' m not my mother anymore. He

1139
01:39:49.279 --> 01:39:54.760
' s never wanted to go to
the psychiatrist arguing that his head is well

1140
01:39:54.760 --> 01:39:58.479
on his shoulders. Finally, we' ve managed to get her to come

1141
01:39:58.560 --> 01:40:01.039
to the office because we blackmailed her
by saying two that if she doesn'

1142
01:40:01.079 --> 01:40:04.119
t get treated, we won'
t go to see her or we'

1143
01:40:04.119 --> 01:40:08.399
ll take her to a nursing home. The other brother, married forty-

1144
01:40:08.800 --> 01:40:12.960
nine years old, engineer and good
professional, is colder in the information he

1145
01:40:13.039 --> 01:40:16.000
gives us. My mother has always
been wrong, she' s very rare.

1146
01:40:16.399 --> 01:40:23.239
I think she' s a neurotic
I always remember her complaining about everything

1147
01:40:23.600 --> 01:40:27.279
very changing in selfish mood. I' ve seen my poor father cry many

1148
01:40:27.399 --> 01:40:30.399
times because of the things I told
him. I was asking him for money

1149
01:40:30.399 --> 01:40:34.359
all the time. She lives in
front of people, transforms herself before others,

1150
01:40:34.600 --> 01:40:40.680
but no one can stand her and
has run out of friends. I

1151
01:40:40.720 --> 01:40:44.800
think it' s best for everyone
to go to a residence. She spends

1152
01:40:44.880 --> 01:40:48.000
the day drawing attention to herself and
every time she meets a new person she

1153
01:40:48.119 --> 01:40:51.880
' s enmity with us and weeks
later leaves her because she says she doesn

1154
01:40:53.000 --> 01:40:56.359
' t like her way of being. He speaks of things with such certainty

1155
01:40:56.439 --> 01:41:00.960
that it seems as if his opinions
are the most absolute truth. We are

1156
01:41:01.119 --> 01:41:05.960
faced with a hysterical personality that especially
affects coexistence and that, with the age

1157
01:41:06.000 --> 01:41:11.319
of this woman, it is already
very difficult to put a stop to it,

1158
01:41:12.039 --> 01:41:15.439
except the mechanisms that have used her
children. The threat and coercion its

1159
01:41:15.479 --> 01:41:20.439
most evident symptoms are great difficulty to
pass unnoticed or, which is the same,

1160
01:41:20.680 --> 01:41:30.039
permanent need to attract attention. A
superficial, epidermal affectivity, a changing

1161
01:41:30.199 --> 01:41:32.880
criterion of hardness when it comes to
criticizing people who don' t think like

1162
01:41:33.039 --> 01:41:36.840
her, a tendency to dramatize and
turn any setback or problem into something serious.

1163
01:41:39.439 --> 01:41:43.520
Treatment must first of all make you
aware of the disorder of your personality

1164
01:41:43.600 --> 01:41:49.159
and the need for medical and psychological
care. This is a difficult business because

1165
01:41:49.359 --> 01:41:55.359
it also tends to manipulate the information
given to children by the doctor. Accordingly,

1166
01:41:55.960 --> 01:41:58.720
two of their children are asked to
be present at the following interviews.

1167
01:41:59.760 --> 01:42:04.079
Cris hardly accepts that he has a
major disorder of the person and that it

1168
01:42:04.159 --> 01:42:10.840
comes from far. Her perception of
the past shows many distortions related to her

1169
01:42:10.920 --> 01:42:16.520
husband and children. The dialogue is
tense, with disqualifications for each of them.

1170
01:42:18.199 --> 01:42:21.520
In principle, he refuses to take
the medication he is instructed to lower

1171
01:42:21.640 --> 01:42:28.880
his level of aggression and anxiety as
well as to follow psychotherapy. The patient

1172
01:42:28.960 --> 01:42:31.920
is clearly told that she has a
personality disorder that has led her to have

1173
01:42:32.000 --> 01:42:38.239
bad relationships with the people close to
her. Finally, you decide to take

1174
01:42:38.319 --> 01:42:43.960
an anxiolytic bromacepan one five milligrams at
breakfast and lunch and three milligrams at the

1175
01:42:44.039 --> 01:42:48.319
last hour of the day and a
medicine to improve sleep loracepan one five milligrams.

1176
01:42:49.439 --> 01:42:54.399
In addition, he is given some
very basic guidelines of conduct, whose

1177
01:42:54.560 --> 01:42:59.079
explanation he hears grudgingly. Children hire
a person to live with her, but

1178
01:42:59.199 --> 01:43:03.399
not within a few days. Consequently, weeks later she was placed in a

1179
01:43:03.520 --> 01:43:09.359
residence. Their prognosis is bad,
because, although the strategy seems to have

1180
01:43:09.439 --> 01:43:15.079
worked at any time, there can
be a reversal. The second medical history

1181
01:43:15.239 --> 01:43:20.239
is as follows. He is a
seventy- six- year- old widower

1182
01:43:20.359 --> 01:43:25.079
with four children, the oldest of
thirty- eight years of age, a

1183
01:43:25.159 --> 01:43:29.079
language teacher with an average socio-
economic level. He' s been a

1184
01:43:29.199 --> 01:43:32.479
well- known book translator. At
forty- seven years he spent the first

1185
01:43:32.560 --> 01:43:39.159
of his euphoric phases, which manifested
itself in an excessively noisy way, with

1186
01:43:39.159 --> 01:43:44.520
overflowing joy, verborrhea, etc.
One of the children informs us has been

1187
01:43:44.680 --> 01:43:48.720
a very intelligent person, with an
enormous mental capacity, but impractical for life.

1188
01:43:50.000 --> 01:43:54.760
My mother was in charge of ordering
him his papers, his notes,

1189
01:43:55.159 --> 01:43:59.560
his translation notes, above all,
to control the family economy, since my

1190
01:43:59.640 --> 01:44:04.039
father has always been very careless.
The first time he was euphoric was a

1191
01:44:04.119 --> 01:44:08.720
surprise to all of us, for
we had never seen such a thing.

1192
01:44:09.760 --> 01:44:15.239
This picture was then repeated and alternated
with depressive episodes. Then the doctor gave

1193
01:44:15.319 --> 01:44:18.119
us information about the type of illness
it was, as well as the treatment

1194
01:44:18.199 --> 01:44:24.600
to follow to prevent it from falling
back when we first saw him. It

1195
01:44:24.640 --> 01:44:29.279
has already followed various treatments and in
all of them it has improved, but

1196
01:44:29.359 --> 01:44:32.760
pharmacotherapy has not been accompanied by psychotherapy
that, among other things, insists on

1197
01:44:32.880 --> 01:44:38.760
the importance of taking medication with continuity
and on the responsibility of not ingesting alcohol.

1198
01:44:39.680 --> 01:44:43.880
Both things have been permanently neglected by
this patient, which has had a

1199
01:44:44.039 --> 01:44:48.880
negative impact on his evolution. For
this reason, he has had to be

1200
01:44:49.000 --> 01:44:55.119
admitted twice to the hospital with the
help of the family. Now, living

1201
01:44:55.239 --> 01:44:59.880
alone, the problem gets worse,
as the psychopathological traits of his personality have

1202
01:45:00.119 --> 01:45:04.039
been exacerbated. One of her daughters, a student of hers and also a

1203
01:45:04.119 --> 01:45:08.439
teacher of English and French, tells
us that she has always had a way

1204
01:45:08.439 --> 01:45:13.039
of being very hers. He has
usually drunk wine and distilled drinks that made

1205
01:45:13.119 --> 01:45:17.039
him especially fun, witty and with
a lot of spark. People laughed at

1206
01:45:17.119 --> 01:45:21.279
thanks. He' s a proud
man. He thinks he knows more about

1207
01:45:21.399 --> 01:45:26.720
himself than anyone else. He'
s a selfish, egotistical man. He

1208
01:45:26.800 --> 01:45:30.439
manipulates the people nearby and has great
ability to wrap it with his ideas.

1209
01:45:30.560 --> 01:45:35.840
It is theatrical in their stories and
superficial in their friendships. He has only

1210
01:45:35.880 --> 01:45:39.760
admired my mother because she has consecrated
herself to him in body and soul.

1211
01:45:40.800 --> 01:45:44.359
Even so, it has sometimes been
hard on her that, among other things,

1212
01:45:44.439 --> 01:45:48.920
she could not finish the university career
she had begun. She now lives

1213
01:45:49.039 --> 01:45:53.439
with a daughter, her husband and
her three sons of twelve sixteen years old.

1214
01:45:55.960 --> 01:46:00.720
She informs this daughter, cohabitation is
impossible. He does what he wants,

1215
01:46:00.239 --> 01:46:03.239
he' s not able to submit
to home lunch and dinner schedules.

1216
01:46:04.319 --> 01:46:10.520
Your room is the disorder personified.
He only talks to my husband to talk

1217
01:46:10.600 --> 01:46:14.680
to him about his past, but
he never cares about his job or mine.

1218
01:46:15.680 --> 01:46:18.880
He' s been refusing to take
the medication lately. He drinks hidden

1219
01:46:19.000 --> 01:46:23.000
drinks and has a couple of friends
he hangs out with, but you don

1220
01:46:23.119 --> 01:46:26.000
' t know when he' s
coming back or where he is? In

1221
01:46:26.119 --> 01:46:30.079
this clinical case, two different diagnoses
are intertwined. On the one hand,

1222
01:46:30.680 --> 01:46:34.439
a bipolar depression and, on the
other, a mixed personality disorder, compensated

1223
01:46:34.560 --> 01:46:41.640
while his wife lived and greatly destabilized
from retirement and widowhood. Following the three

1224
01:46:42.439 --> 01:46:47.119
- dimensional therapeutic scheme to which we
usually resort pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and sociotherapy,

1225
01:46:47.359 --> 01:46:51.479
we administer val proato sodium, two
tablets of five hundred milligrams a day and

1226
01:46:51.600 --> 01:46:58.119
blood control every two months for its
chemical effect or stabilizing mood floxetine twenty milligrams

1227
01:46:58.199 --> 01:47:00.840
in breakfast, because it is a
new generation and flo depressive and not after

1228
01:47:00.960 --> 01:47:05.680
knowing half a tablet of a milligram
before bedtime as a facilitator of sleep as

1229
01:47:08.439 --> 01:47:13.960
part of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Standards
of behaviour were proposed, the follow-

1230
01:47:14.359 --> 01:47:18.199
up of which should be indicated on
a self- registration sheet fourteen, and

1231
01:47:18.279 --> 01:47:21.960
in terms of sociotherapy, he was
invited to participate in a meeting of elderly

1232
01:47:21.960 --> 01:47:26.880
people once a week. He was
also suggested different proposals for work therapy,

1233
01:47:27.239 --> 01:47:32.319
but these failed, as none fit
his preferences so that aging is wisely accepted,

1234
01:47:32.520 --> 01:47:38.960
as well as the adverse circumstances that
he is going through. The personality

1235
01:47:39.039 --> 01:47:43.520
will be well structured about a positive
past and a pleasant family partner environment.

1236
01:47:44.840 --> 01:47:47.439
There are two theories on which work
has been done, but none has given

1237
01:47:47.560 --> 01:47:54.159
a convincing and scientific full answer.
One is the theory of activity according to

1238
01:47:54.199 --> 01:47:58.279
which living a dynamic life in motion
and with interests appropriate to age and condition

1239
01:47:58.359 --> 01:48:02.000
helps to give a more positive old
age. Another is the theory of disassociation,

1240
01:48:02.760 --> 01:48:06.560
which comes to point out the opposite
that turning away from life and leaving

1241
01:48:06.600 --> 01:48:14.039
aside bonds and emotional relationships is more
favorable for one' s evolution. The

1242
01:48:14.119 --> 01:48:16.239
way to cope with old age and
the last stretch of life depends on the

1243
01:48:16.319 --> 01:48:21.760
personality of each one and reflects the
whole way of that subject. The same

1244
01:48:21.880 --> 01:48:27.119
can be said of retirement for those
who have lived their work as something monotonous,

1245
01:48:28.119 --> 01:48:32.159
scarcely creative and alienating. Retirement represents
a real liberation for those whose professional

1246
01:48:32.159 --> 01:48:38.000
activity has been full of creative sense
and has had a positive impact on society.

1247
01:48:38.800 --> 01:48:45.479
Retirement is a real loss. Death
the last encounter. As we have

1248
01:48:45.520 --> 01:48:49.720
pointed out before, there is little
talk of death today. I would say

1249
01:48:49.840 --> 01:48:55.359
this is a matter relegated to star
moments. The death of a loved one,

1250
01:48:55.760 --> 01:48:59.960
the death of a person in tragic
circumstances or the unforeseen impact of love

1251
01:49:00.359 --> 01:49:03.960
on a very close person. In
the professional field. In general, we

1252
01:49:04.039 --> 01:49:09.239
talk about the death of others,
we even attend their funerals and almost without

1253
01:49:09.319 --> 01:49:14.000
realizing it, we turn this dramatic
moment into a social act stripped of its

1254
01:49:14.119 --> 01:49:19.600
true meaning. Aldabonazos that always invite
us to reflect. Let us not forget

1255
01:49:19.720 --> 01:49:24.800
that all philosophy is born on the
banks of death. If this did not

1256
01:49:24.800 --> 01:49:29.880
exist, there would probably be no
philosophy. For almost the entire course of

1257
01:49:29.920 --> 01:49:34.279
life, death is far removed from
the personal project. We don' t

1258
01:49:34.279 --> 01:49:38.439
count on her. It' s
unreal. Only in the final stages of

1259
01:49:38.479 --> 01:49:42.800
existence. Asoma emerges gives the face
and its image. It' s a

1260
01:49:42.840 --> 01:49:46.640
mixture of threat, anticipation and possibility. The certainty of death is typical of

1261
01:49:46.720 --> 01:49:50.359
old age. When one no longer
looks forward, but backward, It is

1262
01:49:51.479 --> 01:49:57.000
then that one becomes aware that everything
is finished for the believer, for the

1263
01:49:57.439 --> 01:50:00.079
person of faith, death is the
beginning of another life that will be the

1264
01:50:00.199 --> 01:50:05.720
result of what we have done in
this one. Death means only the cessation

1265
01:50:05.800 --> 01:50:10.560
of biology, but not of biography, whose meaning goes beyond the interruption of

1266
01:50:10.600 --> 01:50:17.079
vital functions and their reduction to purely
material elements. Unlike the animal that has

1267
01:50:17.199 --> 01:50:23.880
nature, the human being possesses a
biographical project, and this difference is abysmal,

1268
01:50:24.359 --> 01:50:28.520
because it supposes body versus spirit understood
in a wide physical sense, versus

1269
01:50:28.600 --> 01:50:34.520
metaphysics and history. The animal has
a future, but man has a future

1270
01:50:34.600 --> 01:50:38.920
in the repertoire of events that can
happen to us. Death means no more

1271
01:50:39.000 --> 01:50:45.880
or less the definitive end of all
plans drawn up. Arguments such as love,

1272
01:50:45.239 --> 01:50:49.159
work or culture cease to be a
task. Desires fade away, appearances

1273
01:50:49.520 --> 01:50:56.479
cease When we approach the biography of
an interesting character, it is essential to

1274
01:50:56.560 --> 01:51:00.239
have us in the way we are
dead, especially if we leave to some

1275
01:51:00.239 --> 01:51:03.319
writings revealing those moments in which the
mind becomes especially lucid and things are seen

1276
01:51:03.479 --> 01:51:09.439
in another way in old age,
because death advances in its passage and takes

1277
01:51:09.520 --> 01:51:13.720
us almost without realizing to make an
existential balance, a personal examination, a

1278
01:51:13.800 --> 01:51:17.920
box archaeology with its movements of entry
and exit, and this balance in the

1279
01:51:17.960 --> 01:51:28.479
best of lives is almost always deficient. The personality softens, loses the hardness

1280
01:51:28.600 --> 01:51:33.159
it has had, becomes more understanding
and tolerant. Many of the contents of

1281
01:51:33.279 --> 01:51:40.479
the past are reinterpreted differently. Since
we can' t escape death. All

1282
01:51:40.560 --> 01:51:46.199
defense mechanisms are useless. There'
s an old question for us that'

1283
01:51:46.199 --> 01:51:48.920
s going to be my 15th.
When someone dies, he does not metaphorically,

1284
01:51:49.640 --> 01:51:55.159
but literally, and he does so
in absolute solitude, even if he

1285
01:51:55.239 --> 01:51:59.399
is in the company of his loved
ones. The moment is of a solemnity

1286
01:51:59.479 --> 01:52:02.840
and a total dramatism. There are
no words to express the feelings that gather.

1287
01:52:03.840 --> 01:52:09.560
The overwhelming character of death has notes
of Patitism, of maximum emotionality throughout

1288
01:52:11.560 --> 01:52:16.840
existence. Our attitude towards death is
changing. The children almost don' t

1289
01:52:16.840 --> 01:52:19.399
understand it. They only realize that
they will never see that known or close

1290
01:52:19.479 --> 01:52:25.880
person again. If it is one
of the parents, such an experience is

1291
01:52:26.000 --> 01:52:30.119
usually engraved with fire in the personality, with its details and details, in

1292
01:52:30.199 --> 01:52:33.840
puberty and adolescence there is already a
clearer concept of the end of life.

1293
01:52:34.680 --> 01:52:40.640
We all die and this is the
cycle through which one must inevitably pass its

1294
01:52:40.760 --> 01:52:46.760
gradual knowledge will depend on many circumstances, among others, the agony or death

1295
01:52:46.880 --> 01:52:51.560
of loved ones. For the young
man, however, he will rarely think

1296
01:52:51.640 --> 01:52:56.640
of death at the stage of maturity
when he begins to perceive his presence.

1297
01:52:58.279 --> 01:53:01.920
Elisabet Humbleras a thousand or r one
hundred and sixty- nine described five successive

1298
01:53:02.000 --> 01:53:06.119
phases in the acceptance of death,
based on his experience with the sick at

1299
01:53:06.279 --> 01:53:11.600
her gates, denial of psychological mechanism
that erases this idea of personal perception,

1300
01:53:12.600 --> 01:53:16.840
inner monologue negotiation in which doubts and
self- manipulations are raised and anger,

1301
01:53:17.119 --> 01:53:23.760
anxiety, deep depression, sadness at
his inevitable character and, finally, acceptance

1302
01:53:23.880 --> 01:53:29.359
of the consciousness of the end of
life. It is indeed dramatic to see

1303
01:53:29.399 --> 01:53:32.399
how in old age the personal map
points to the route of death, trace

1304
01:53:32.520 --> 01:53:38.239
a geography of the end with surveyor
skills. When we feel that our representation

1305
01:53:38.279 --> 01:53:42.119
is going to end, that the
curtain begins to come down, the question

1306
01:53:42.199 --> 01:53:45.119
arises about the hereafter, about what
exists on the other shore. From faith

1307
01:53:45.199 --> 01:53:50.319
the understanding of death takes on serene
and peaceful nuances. Personal judgment, the

1308
01:53:50.720 --> 01:53:56.279
balance of our life has in the
Jewish Christian world a note of mercy and

1309
01:53:56.319 --> 01:54:00.520
forgiveness. If the proper coordinates of
consistency and honesty have been given before.

1310
01:54:00.840 --> 01:54:06.119
In spite of so many limitations,
mistakes and failures, as we do after

1311
01:54:06.239 --> 01:54:10.600
the death of a very called being, the reaction to loss adds us to

1312
01:54:10.760 --> 01:54:15.760
a deep sadness but over time,
memories focus on the best is left the

1313
01:54:15.840 --> 01:54:19.000
most positive of that person, unless
it is a subject with a way of

1314
01:54:19.079 --> 01:54:23.920
being so pathological that he has suffered
and caused the people of his surroundings to

1315
01:54:23.960 --> 01:54:30.479
suffer, in which case one feels
liberated from that harsh burden. Chapter three.

1316
01:54:30.960 --> 01:54:36.439
How to get into personality. For
psychologists and psychiatrists, personality study is

1317
01:54:36.520 --> 01:54:44.560
a task they face every day.
Two are their basic tools, interviewing and

1318
01:54:44.600 --> 01:54:50.239
multidisciplinary psychological methods or auxiliary techniques.
The first one is very similar to the

1319
01:54:50.319 --> 01:54:55.079
dialogue that is established in a general
medicine consultation and that follows the outline of

1320
01:54:55.199 --> 01:54:59.279
the three hypocratic questions that you have
since when, since you attribute it or

1321
01:54:59.279 --> 01:55:03.079
the six of all good chronicler,
who when, where, how and why?

1322
01:55:04.079 --> 01:55:08.560
Questions and answers happen and the psychiatrist
becomes aware of what happens to the

1323
01:55:08.600 --> 01:55:14.960
person who has intelligence in front of
him is above all the art of asking

1324
01:55:15.039 --> 01:55:18.960
questions, of getting into the other
person' s skin. A good psychiatrist

1325
01:55:19.159 --> 01:55:23.359
to know, listen and follow closely
the account of the facts that are being

1326
01:55:23.439 --> 01:55:28.600
exposed. The psychiatric medical history should
be a biographical history that captures the main

1327
01:55:28.680 --> 01:55:33.800
facts of childhood, adolescence, early
youth, etc. And the way these

1328
01:55:33.880 --> 01:55:40.079
have impacted that guy' s life. In the course of this conversation,

1329
01:55:40.520 --> 01:55:44.720
of this intimate and secret encounter,
one undresses in front of the professional and

1330
01:55:44.840 --> 01:55:47.640
let himself be truly known in order
to be helped in the ailment, the

1331
01:55:47.720 --> 01:55:53.159
suffering or the illness that is suffered. This is not a simple and cold

1332
01:55:53.239 --> 01:56:00.079
interrogation, but a communication on important
matters for which advice is sought. It

1333
01:56:00.199 --> 01:56:03.279
involves itself in personal existence and,
in some way, puts order in it.

1334
01:56:05.079 --> 01:56:10.960
Standardized clinical interviews have been popularized today, in which the main keys are

1335
01:56:11.000 --> 01:56:16.279
systematized, so that nothing important is
left outside and also for research. Data

1336
01:56:16.359 --> 01:56:21.399
are stored that can then be treated
statistically on the basis of a certain scientific

1337
01:56:21.520 --> 01:56:27.840
work hypothesis. In the course of
the interview, the therapist builds a diagnosis

1338
01:56:27.920 --> 01:56:33.079
and, at the same time,
possible differential diagnoses. Later, the therapeutic

1339
01:56:33.159 --> 01:56:39.079
approach is illuminated and everything that involves
it. To learn more about patients,

1340
01:56:39.199 --> 01:56:44.319
different auxiliary techniques are used, from
self- and heteroplicate questionnaires performed by oneself

1341
01:56:44.439 --> 01:56:47.960
or with the therapist, behavioral assessment
scales or personality, intelligence or affectivity tests,

1342
01:56:48.199 --> 01:56:54.279
through instruments that evaluate the consumption of
psychotropic substances, alcohol, hashish,

1343
01:56:54.479 --> 01:56:59.520
cocaine, heroin, or trans schizophrenic
lathes, depressions or suicidal tendencies or those

1344
01:56:59.600 --> 01:57:09.920
other instruments that achieve a global clinical
evaluation. One of the things is that

1345
01:57:10.199 --> 01:57:13.960
in any case, it is to
obtain as much information as possible from the

1346
01:57:14.119 --> 01:57:19.399
supposedly ill person. In the sick
medical relationship there is an experience of enormous

1347
01:57:19.399 --> 01:57:24.680
importance, known as transfer, is
the good harmony that is established between them

1348
01:57:24.760 --> 01:57:28.600
and that invites us to let ourselves
be known and to establish bonds of trust,

1349
01:57:29.359 --> 01:57:32.119
affection and respect. The first interview
will mark that encounter and the patient

1350
01:57:32.159 --> 01:57:36.880
will retain the image of the therapist
in his mind. Two are the essential

1351
01:57:36.960 --> 01:57:42.119
factors. The dedication of a sufficient
amount of time and attention to everything he

1352
01:57:42.239 --> 01:57:47.880
says. Express silence or hold.
Likewise, there are non- directive interviews,

1353
01:57:48.079 --> 01:57:51.960
in which the therapist is intended to
contaminate as little as possible of his

1354
01:57:51.960 --> 01:57:56.960
patient, avoiding intervening in his words
and letting him speak without even asking.

1355
01:57:58.000 --> 01:58:02.399
In these cases there are pro lons
silences that are sometimes eloquent and distressing.

1356
01:58:03.560 --> 01:58:09.399
This strategy has a psychoanalytic influence,
but in psychiatry it is ineffective, as

1357
01:58:09.479 --> 01:58:12.600
it moves us away from the pretension
of knowing what is happening to the person

1358
01:58:12.640 --> 01:58:16.319
in question and what are the sufferings
that nest in him. Whatever the type

1359
01:58:16.399 --> 01:58:20.239
of interview, the verbal and non- verbal language, the content, the

1360
01:58:20.319 --> 01:58:25.640
form of the speech, the aptitude, the social and cultural level, the

1361
01:58:25.640 --> 01:58:29.960
reaction to the experiences, the micro
and the macrotraumas, the type of life

1362
01:58:30.000 --> 01:58:32.479
and, of course, the central
motive of the consultation should be assessed.

1363
01:58:33.960 --> 01:58:41.840
Personality tests are psychological tests designed to
provide information about the way you are,

1364
01:58:42.239 --> 01:58:49.239
the existence of an anomaly or disorder. They are standardized, i e they

1365
01:58:49.319 --> 01:58:55.359
are always applied in uniform conditions for
everyone and provide different comparisons with other people.

1366
01:58:56.479 --> 01:59:00.399
The guarantee of objectivity is triba in
which they can be qualified without the

1367
01:59:00.479 --> 01:59:04.279
pre- judgments of the assessor,
that is, that they are reasonably free

1368
01:59:04.279 --> 01:59:10.119
from such influences. The administration of
the tests and their qualification correspond to scientific

1369
01:59:10.239 --> 01:59:15.359
criteria that have been achieved through reliability
assessment two and validity three. Today they

1370
01:59:15.439 --> 01:59:20.319
are many and very heterogeneous. Tests
to know the personality study the subject.

1371
01:59:20.840 --> 01:59:27.199
Here and now. The information received
from family members and close people gives the

1372
01:59:27.279 --> 01:59:30.399
therapist a more complete impression, since
they do not stick to the specific moment,

1373
01:59:30.680 --> 01:59:36.000
but cover the past with its most
notable incidences. The interest of these

1374
01:59:36.079 --> 01:59:41.239
tests must be placed on two planes. On the one hand, to know

1375
01:59:41.319 --> 01:59:45.680
if there is a personality disorder and
what kind of other to delve into the

1376
01:59:45.800 --> 01:59:50.920
personal structure, since any psychic illness
manifests itself through it. This means that

1377
01:59:51.039 --> 01:59:56.960
the way you are is modified according
to what is happening. What are the

1378
01:59:57.039 --> 02:00:02.680
tools from which projective tests can be
made available. This is a wide range

1379
02:00:02.800 --> 02:00:09.439
of methods that focus on the psychological
mechanism that psychoanalysis called projection. The person

1380
02:00:09.520 --> 02:00:13.159
who is being explored sees projected in
the scenes presented to him his desires,

1381
02:00:13.560 --> 02:00:19.399
feelings and worries. See the pages
one hundred and ten. The study of

1382
02:00:19.439 --> 02:00:25.560
these responses has two consecutive phases.
A first analysis in which we study what

1383
02:00:25.680 --> 02:00:29.079
has been said in front of each
sheet contained and how to express what forms

1384
02:00:29.159 --> 02:00:32.760
a second synthetic in which we seek
connections and aim to summarize all the material

1385
02:00:32.840 --> 02:00:43.319
received. We can classify the projective
tests in the following perceptive technical sections.

1386
02:00:43.800 --> 02:00:48.000
Here the important thing is to see
how the subject explored with reality. Perceptive

1387
02:00:48.039 --> 02:00:54.359
techniques are intended for that person to
elaborate an interpretation that seeks a sense of

1388
02:00:54.359 --> 02:00:59.920
what is before him. Productive techniques
are asked the person who is being explored,

1389
02:01:00.319 --> 02:01:04.520
to paint, draw, colorey the
graphic behavior is always freer than the

1390
02:01:04.640 --> 02:01:12.960
verbal one. Therefore, it transmits
more information. Semantic techniques are studied the

1391
02:01:13.000 --> 02:01:16.399
differences in the words used in order
to see their creative intelligence and cultural level,

1392
02:01:16.840 --> 02:01:24.000
uncompleted phrase techniques. The subject must
finish a sentence that is in half

1393
02:01:24.079 --> 02:01:31.760
and that somehow projects what has inside
worries, hopes concerns. In this section

1394
02:01:31.880 --> 02:01:36.199
we should include Rochach' s test, the test to thematic perception that,

1395
02:01:36.880 --> 02:01:41.880
the frustration test of Russens Way,
the technique of John' s word association,

1396
02:01:42.159 --> 02:01:45.119
the techniques of completing phrases and stories, the human test, the drawing

1397
02:01:45.119 --> 02:01:51.079
on a free topic, the home
test, personality questionnaires, are inventories with

1398
02:01:51.079 --> 02:01:58.439
a series of questions on concrete aspects
of behavior. Other times it is statements

1399
02:01:58.479 --> 02:02:02.199
or propositions that the subject must say
whether they are true or false to him.

1400
02:02:03.359 --> 02:02:06.880
It follows a different path from the
previous tests, since it is a

1401
02:02:08.000 --> 02:02:10.760
work of introspection in which, through
a series of items it goes with a

1402
02:02:10.880 --> 02:02:17.279
map of answers that define the personality. The statistical treatment of these data makes

1403
02:02:17.359 --> 02:02:23.319
it possible to establish a number of
personality traits. The most widely used questionnaire

1404
02:02:23.439 --> 02:02:29.279
is the MNP, a multi-
phase inventory of menesora personality that consists of

1405
02:02:29.359 --> 02:02:33.319
five hundred and fifty questions answered with
the true terms false or not c With

1406
02:02:33.399 --> 02:02:39.520
these answers, its authors built clinical
scales to measure hysteria depression, hypochondria,

1407
02:02:40.479 --> 02:02:48.279
masculinity, femininity, cycatenia, psychopathy, paranoia schizophrenia or mania. Another important

1408
02:02:48.359 --> 02:02:53.439
questionnaire is the sixteen p f u
five, which consists of one hundred and

1409
02:02:53.560 --> 02:02:58.760
eighty- five questions with three options
for answers, the same as in the

1410
02:02:58.800 --> 02:03:03.039
previous one sixteen ras personality traits are
evaluated. Intelligence, acuity, guilt,

1411
02:03:03.359 --> 02:03:11.159
self- sufficiency, radicalism, daring, domination, self- power, disinhibition,

1412
02:03:11.439 --> 02:03:15.960
super- me strength, tenderness,
suspicion, autistic tendencies, feelings,

1413
02:03:16.560 --> 02:03:21.560
basic tendencies and cyclotinia. In the
Anglo- Saxon countries, the ep Q

1414
02:03:21.720 --> 02:03:26.840
of asing has been widely accepted as
well as that of p and Grigier,

1415
02:03:27.319 --> 02:03:30.640
which consists of words or phrases,
to which one must respond by saying whether

1416
02:03:30.680 --> 02:03:33.520
one likes or dislikes them. Finally, there are questionnaires in which the explored

1417
02:03:33.600 --> 02:03:38.560
subject is forced to choose items,
as in the case of the so-

1418
02:03:39.359 --> 02:03:45.760
called Erwords questionnaire, the well-
known Techmillon questionnaire called aigid Entrenashnopresnary de sorrers

1419
02:03:45.800 --> 02:03:50.880
ex de Amanation consists of seventy-
seven items that must be answered as true

1420
02:03:51.880 --> 02:03:56.680
or false in order to objective the
results. It is organized to take stock

1421
02:03:56.800 --> 02:04:01.199
of the natural clinical interview and the
standardization of a CS of responses headed under

1422
02:04:01.319 --> 02:04:09.000
six sections. I work interpersonal relationships, affections, proof of reality and control

1423
02:04:09.079 --> 02:04:13.920
of impulses. Sometimes areas overlap with
others, so that a question covers a

1424
02:04:14.000 --> 02:04:23.000
wider field. I usually have fun
and enjoy UVF life. I trust the

1425
02:04:23.079 --> 02:04:28.039
people I know BF. I'
m not thorough with the small details.

1426
02:04:28.319 --> 02:04:31.479
BF. I can' t decide
what kind of person I want to be.

1427
02:04:31.640 --> 02:04:39.319
BF. I show my feelings to
everyone VF. I let others make

1428
02:04:39.439 --> 02:04:45.800
important decisions. Because of my VF, I worry if I hear bad news

1429
02:04:45.960 --> 02:04:49.960
about someone I know. Ubf yielding
to some of my impulses causes me bf

1430
02:04:50.239 --> 02:04:58.079
problems. Many people I know envy
me to ubf I give my general opinion

1431
02:04:58.119 --> 02:05:02.079
about things and I do not care
about those of ace. I' ve

1432
02:05:02.159 --> 02:05:06.760
never been stopped. Vf one.
People think I' m cold and distant.

1433
02:05:06.880 --> 02:05:12.920
Uvf one. I get into very
intense relationships, but not very long

1434
02:05:12.920 --> 02:05:16.880
lasting. Subf one. Most people
are fair and honest with me vf one.

1435
02:05:19.199 --> 02:05:25.439
People have a great opinion about my
vf one. I feel upset or

1436
02:05:25.520 --> 02:05:30.920
out of place in social situations.
Up f one I feel easily influenced,

1437
02:05:30.039 --> 02:05:35.279
so it surrounds me to ubf one. I usually feel bad when I hurt

1438
02:05:35.439 --> 02:05:42.359
or upset someone. Vf one.
I find it very difficult to throw things

1439
02:05:42.359 --> 02:05:47.039
away BF. Twenty times I turned
down a job, even if I was

1440
02:05:47.279 --> 02:05:51.000
waiting for it VF two. When
they praise me or criticize me. I

1441
02:05:51.079 --> 02:05:56.640
express my reaction to the other two
VFs. I use people to accomplish what

1442
02:05:56.720 --> 02:06:00.960
I want UBF two handsteps time trying
to do things perfectly v F two.

1443
02:06:04.159 --> 02:06:11.359
People often laugh at me behind my
back b F two. I' ve

1444
02:06:11.479 --> 02:06:16.680
never threatened suicide or self- injured
on purpose VF two. My feelings are

1445
02:06:16.760 --> 02:06:24.279
like time are always changing VF two. To avoid criticism, I prefer to

1446
02:06:24.560 --> 02:06:30.119
work only VF two. I like
to dress up to stand out among people

1447
02:06:30.119 --> 02:06:33.520
UVF two. I would lie or
cheat to achieve my purposes. Your BF

1448
02:06:34.960 --> 02:06:41.760
30. I' m more superstitious
than most UVF three people. I have

1449
02:06:41.960 --> 02:06:46.159
little or no desire to have sex. Your BF three. People think I

1450
02:06:46.159 --> 02:06:51.920
' m too strict with rules and
standards b F three. I usually feel

1451
02:06:53.000 --> 02:06:57.720
uncomfortable or helpless. If I'
m just three VFs. I don'

1452
02:06:57.800 --> 02:07:00.840
t like interacting with people until I' m not sure they like me.

1453
02:07:00.079 --> 02:07:06.199
VF three. I don' t
like being the UVF three spotlight. I

1454
02:07:06.239 --> 02:07:11.880
think my loving spouse can be unfaithful
to me. UBF three. People think

1455
02:07:12.039 --> 02:07:16.479
I have a very high concept of
my own UVF three. I take great

1456
02:07:16.520 --> 02:07:21.079
care of what I tell others about
my UVF three. I' m very

1457
02:07:21.079 --> 02:07:27.079
worried. Don' t like people
UVF 40. I often feel empty inside

1458
02:07:27.199 --> 02:07:31.439
UVF four. I work so hard, I don' t have time for

1459
02:07:31.439 --> 02:07:35.640
anything else. Your BF four scares
me to be left alone and have to

1460
02:07:35.680 --> 02:07:42.520
take care of my own UVF four. I have anger attacks or anger VF

1461
02:07:43.920 --> 02:07:47.239
four. I' m famous that
I like to flirt with UBF four.

1462
02:07:47.359 --> 02:07:54.199
I feel very attached to people I
just met UVF four. I prefer the

1463
02:07:54.319 --> 02:07:59.239
activities I can do for my own
UVF four. I lose my temper and

1464
02:07:59.319 --> 02:08:03.000
get into a fight with his BF
four. People think I' m cheap

1465
02:08:03.079 --> 02:08:09.680
with my money. VF daily fifty. To please people, I offer to

1466
02:08:09.760 --> 02:08:16.439
perform unpleasant tasks. Your BF five. I' m afraid I' m

1467
02:08:16.560 --> 02:08:20.720
going to make a fool of myself
in front of people who know VF five.

1468
02:08:20.800 --> 02:08:26.520
I often confuse objects or shadows with
VF five people. I' m

1469
02:08:26.600 --> 02:08:31.119
very emotional and capricious. VF five. I find it hard to get used

1470
02:08:31.239 --> 02:08:35.720
to doing new things. BF five. I dream of being famous. VF

1471
02:08:37.279 --> 02:08:43.079
five. I take risks and do
reckless things. Up F five. Everyone

1472
02:08:43.159 --> 02:08:48.119
needs one or two friends to be
happy. Your BF five. I discover

1473
02:08:48.239 --> 02:08:54.800
hidden threats in what some BF five
people tell me. I usually try to

1474
02:08:54.920 --> 02:09:00.239
get people to do things my way. VF 60. When I' m

1475
02:09:00.239 --> 02:09:01.720
used, the things around me don' t seem real to me. Your

1476
02:09:01.840 --> 02:09:07.319
BF six. I get angry when
people don' t want to do what

1477
02:09:07.319 --> 02:09:11.640
I ask. UBF six. When
one relationship ends, I have to start

1478
02:09:11.760 --> 02:09:18.640
another quickly. UVF six. I
edit activities that don' t look familiar

1479
02:09:18.720 --> 02:09:24.800
to me so I don' t
feel upset UVF. Trying to make them

1480
02:09:24.800 --> 02:09:30.359
six. People find it hard to
know clearly what I' m saying UVF

1481
02:09:30.359 --> 02:09:33.880
six. I' d rather associate
with people of UVF six talent. I

1482
02:09:33.920 --> 02:09:39.560
have been the victim of unjust attacks
on my character or reputation. UVF six.

1483
02:09:39.680 --> 02:09:45.039
I don' t usually show UVF
six emotion. I do things for

1484
02:09:45.159 --> 02:09:50.239
people to admire me. UVF six. I usually be able to start my

1485
02:09:50.359 --> 02:09:54.439
own projects. BF 70. People
think I' m weird or central.

1486
02:09:56.079 --> 02:10:03.760
UVF seven. I feel comfortable in
social situations F seven. I hold grudges

1487
02:10:03.840 --> 02:10:07.880
against people for years. B F
seven. I find it hard not to

1488
02:10:07.920 --> 02:10:13.920
agree with the people that dependdow F
seven. I find it hard not to

1489
02:10:15.039 --> 02:10:18.880
get into trouble BF seven. I
get to the extreme to keep people from

1490
02:10:20.000 --> 02:10:24.560
leaving me BF seven when I meet
someone I don' t talk much.

1491
02:10:24.840 --> 02:10:33.760
VF seven. I have close friends
BF sociometry techniques. The pentadimensional model on

1492
02:10:33.840 --> 02:10:37.600
which my study of personality is based
has a social aspect that we call asertility

1493
02:10:37.640 --> 02:10:41.439
and which refers to the social ability
or ease of establishing satisfactory interpersonal relationships.

1494
02:10:45.760 --> 02:10:50.359
Here we also find various tests,
from the psychodrama of j Moreno to the

1495
02:10:50.479 --> 02:10:54.760
sociogram that consists of asking a group
of people gathered, anonymously, to answer

1496
02:10:54.880 --> 02:10:58.880
a series of questions who is the
most sentimental person, which is the most

1497
02:11:00.399 --> 02:11:05.600
sensitive and in the most impulsive,
etc. In the end, the answers

1498
02:11:07.600 --> 02:11:13.439
are added to a journalistic personality test. Here is an example of a journalistic

1499
02:11:13.560 --> 02:11:18.199
questionnaire that looks at the interviewee'
s way of being. The requirement is

1500
02:11:18.359 --> 02:11:22.800
that the proposed questions or indications be
answered in a single line but may be

1501
02:11:22.840 --> 02:11:30.159
subject to rigorous statistical work. Their
goal is to unscathedly observe a person'

1502
02:11:30.239 --> 02:11:35.960
s keys. What are the three
traits that best define your personality? What

1503
02:11:37.079 --> 02:11:39.840
do you like most about your way
of being, what do you like least

1504
02:11:39.920 --> 02:11:46.840
about your way of being? Mention
two of your identity models. What has

1505
02:11:46.960 --> 02:11:52.319
been the happiest day or fact of
your life? What was the day or

1506
02:11:52.439 --> 02:11:56.039
the most miserable act of your life? What' s your headline book?

1507
02:11:58.520 --> 02:12:03.199
Who would you like to look like? You write five nouns related to the

1508
02:12:03.279 --> 02:12:09.880
word self- esteem. You write
five nouns related to the word happiness.

1509
02:12:11.279 --> 02:12:16.079
Who would you go to a deserted
island with? What you understand by personality

1510
02:12:16.159 --> 02:12:22.239
maturity Finish the phrase. The worst
tragedy is who is the hero of the

1511
02:12:22.359 --> 02:12:28.439
literary world you most appreciate, what
percentage you have in your personality of heart

1512
02:12:28.439 --> 02:12:35.319
and head. Finish the sentence.
I see my future what are the faults

1513
02:12:35.399 --> 02:12:39.800
you forgive the most, how many
hours you need to sleep to be well.

1514
02:12:41.279 --> 02:12:46.399
Finish the sentence. Death means how
you' d like to die.

1515
02:12:46.880 --> 02:12:56.279
Chapter four. Personality exploration. In
recent years there have been extraordinary advances in

1516
02:12:56.359 --> 02:13:01.279
this field of psychology and psychiatry.
Studies and research are multiplied and a great

1517
02:13:01.399 --> 02:13:07.439
deal has been refined in diagnosing the
different ways of being and driving. To

1518
02:13:07.479 --> 02:13:11.920
explore is to analyze, study,
delve into, and trace into the vericuets

1519
02:13:13.000 --> 02:13:16.760
of someone' s psychology heritage to
probe and find out why, of their

1520
02:13:16.760 --> 02:13:20.399
behavior. The problem is to evaluate
what we find, that is, to

1521
02:13:20.399 --> 02:13:26.119
measure, to weigh objectively. Let
us not forget that psychological aspects are imbued

1522
02:13:26.159 --> 02:13:31.119
with their objectivity. Therefore, it
is a matter of recognizing and registering with

1523
02:13:31.119 --> 02:13:35.359
diligence, making use of the different
instruments at our disposal as it is and

1524
02:13:35.479 --> 02:13:39.439
in which it consists the way of
being of a person. Every trait,

1525
02:13:39.880 --> 02:13:46.279
state and situation. A trait,
as we have already explained, is a

1526
02:13:46.359 --> 02:13:50.279
predisposition to react in a concrete way, as an element of personality that describes

1527
02:13:50.359 --> 02:13:58.079
a singularity serves to portray individuals.
Thus, for example, a sociable personality

1528
02:13:58.239 --> 02:14:05.000
is open, communicative, cordial,
skilled in interpersonal treatment. This first information

1529
02:14:05.119 --> 02:14:11.119
should be collected in a thorough,
well- structured, first- person medical

1530
02:14:11.479 --> 02:14:15.000
history, so that the patient'
s speech can be collected. It hosts

1531
02:14:15.039 --> 02:14:18.800
the six basic questions of every good
chronicler, who when, where, how

1532
02:14:20.199 --> 02:14:26.239
and why. In addition, psychodynamic
interviews are conducted to gather all the data

1533
02:14:26.319 --> 02:14:31.840
that are very useful and particular questionnaires
and psychological inventories are used that also give

1534
02:14:31.960 --> 02:14:37.279
a lot of play. We very
often see the information enriched with data brought

1535
02:14:37.399 --> 02:14:41.760
to us by the closest relatives,
who know the path of the person with

1536
02:14:41.880 --> 02:14:46.239
whom they have lived or live together
in the consultation. We often handle the

1537
02:14:46.279 --> 02:14:50.319
so- called igid and Mashon or
by senator and disorres who amanshen de tch

1538
02:14:50.359 --> 02:14:54.479
Milllon, although in daily care work
we use other methods to which I will

1539
02:14:54.560 --> 02:15:00.479
refer later. The clearest antecedents of
the theory of the deep features are the

1540
02:15:00.520 --> 02:15:05.199
classification of Empedocles V century A Christ
of the four elements air, water,

1541
02:15:05.800 --> 02:15:09.319
earth and fire, and the first
relative contribution to the personality designed by Hippocrates

1542
02:15:09.439 --> 02:15:13.840
IV century V. In c his
theory of the four moods or liquids circulating

1543
02:15:13.960 --> 02:15:20.079
in our body, this is blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile,

1544
02:15:20.399 --> 02:15:26.479
theophrasto IV century TREI. A classification
of thirty features describing their wealth was

1545
02:15:26.560 --> 02:15:31.159
also elaborated. Long after, if
there were for one thousand nine hundred thirty

1546
02:15:31.479 --> 02:15:37.319
- six and a thousand nine hundred
forty- three rbca they worked hard to

1547
02:15:37.399 --> 02:15:39.439
find the basic elements of personality.
A list of common usage traits in everyday

1548
02:15:39.520 --> 02:15:46.279
language. The English psychologist HJ.
Jsen, one thousand nine hundred and seventy

1549
02:15:46.720 --> 02:15:54.279
highlighted three dimensions introversion, extraversion,
neuroticism and psychoticism and popcustre and baber mc

1550
02:15:54.359 --> 02:15:56.159
in one thousand nine hundred and ninety. One thousand nine hundred and ninety-

1551
02:15:56.560 --> 02:16:03.760
two systematized five basic dimensions of personality
is traversion, cordiality, Gregarism, social

1552
02:16:05.079 --> 02:16:11.680
ability, activity, search for emotions
and tendency, namely, experiencing, positive

1553
02:16:11.680 --> 02:16:16.479
emotions, kindness, confidence, frankness, altruism, conciliatory attitude, modesty,

1554
02:16:18.159 --> 02:16:24.479
knowing, going unnoticed, responsibility,
professional competence, order of duty, need

1555
02:16:24.560 --> 02:16:30.479
to achieve concrete achievements, self-
discipline, weighting in decisions, emotional stability,

1556
02:16:31.399 --> 02:16:35.159
calm balance, not having frequent mood
changes and openness to experience, values

1557
02:16:35.319 --> 02:16:41.200
feelings. For the study of personality
it is also necessary to take into account

1558
02:16:41.280 --> 02:16:45.600
the state and the situation. As
we have already explained in the first chapter,

1559
02:16:46.159 --> 02:16:48.719
the state is the condition of a
person at a specific biographical moment,

1560
02:16:50.200 --> 02:16:56.120
as if we performed a cut in
his trajectory and studied that section covers the

1561
02:16:56.159 --> 02:17:00.879
whole of the way of being but
in a given period depression, for example,

1562
02:17:01.360 --> 02:17:03.879
is a state in which the personality
is impoverished by the massive reduction of

1563
02:17:05.000 --> 02:17:11.760
all physical, psychological and social ingredients. And finally, the situation includes the

1564
02:17:11.879 --> 02:17:16.520
environment of the person, the circumstances
surrounding him, as stated by José Ortega

1565
02:17:16.639 --> 02:17:20.079
and Gazet, one thousand nine hundred
and fifty. I' m me and

1566
02:17:20.200 --> 02:17:26.000
my circumstance. The situation conditions and
limits the individual, it marks a geography.

1567
02:17:26.079 --> 02:17:31.399
The term was originally introduced by Ca
Jaspers, one thousand nine hundred and

1568
02:17:31.440 --> 02:17:35.319
twenty- five, who stated that
the changing and so different external situation has

1569
02:17:35.319 --> 02:17:39.000
a typical note. It' s
two- edged for everyone. Incits and

1570
02:17:39.120 --> 02:17:43.479
hinders. We are all beyond ourselves, surrounded by an environment that points to

1571
02:17:43.600 --> 02:17:50.520
our location in life. Jaspers also
referred to boundary situations, whose characteristic is

1572
02:17:50.600 --> 02:17:58.200
dramatism. The distinction between trait and
situation is important for correct diagnosis of a

1573
02:17:58.280 --> 02:18:05.120
personality disorder. A normal subject reacts
in a healthy and flexible way to the

1574
02:18:05.200 --> 02:18:09.479
particular demands of a situation. An
abnormal subject acts in a disadapted way.

1575
02:18:09.559 --> 02:18:13.920
Many tend to erroneously attribute conduct only
to personality traits, dismissing the contribution of

1576
02:18:15.200 --> 02:18:24.959
situational factors. Diagnostic criteria and methods. The diagnostic operative criteria used by the

1577
02:18:26.040 --> 02:18:30.959
American Sackhi Ahre Society, which are
reflected in the so- called Dia San

1578
02:18:31.040 --> 02:18:35.040
Forressi of this fourth edition comment are
the result of long and laborious years of

1579
02:18:35.120 --> 02:18:39.760
work by psychiatrists and psychologists in order
to reach an agreement on the matter and

1580
02:18:39.840 --> 02:18:46.479
reach a common language within psychiatric science. The axis one describes the clinical disorders

1581
02:18:46.520 --> 02:18:52.239
of pressure anxiety sexual disorders, mental
disorders due to a medical disease, alterations

1582
02:18:52.319 --> 02:18:56.559
that start in childhood, childhood or
adolescence, as well as disorders of eating

1583
02:18:56.959 --> 02:19:03.680
behavior or rhythm, their vigil and
other health care problems. In practice,

1584
02:19:03.120 --> 02:19:07.959
it is very common for the patient
to also suffer from a disorder of other

1585
02:19:07.319 --> 02:19:13.239
axes, which should be noted in
the clinical history. Axis two includes all

1586
02:19:13.360 --> 02:19:20.159
personality disorders. For its part,
axis three refers to medical diseases and axis

1587
02:19:20.280 --> 02:19:24.760
four to psychosocial and environmental problems that
can affect diagnosis, prognosis and treatment,

1588
02:19:24.920 --> 02:19:28.959
such as living alone, having work
stress or suffering a negative event, the

1589
02:19:28.280 --> 02:19:37.440
death of a loved one. Positive
vital events, also called positive stressors.

1590
02:19:39.159 --> 02:19:43.440
A professional promotion, an even better
game change or award can trigger pathological reactions.

1591
02:19:48.719 --> 02:19:52.799
Thus, social and family problems are
multiple and their impact must be properly

1592
02:19:52.879 --> 02:20:03.799
assessed. Axis Three medical diseases,
some infectious and parasitic diseases, neoplasms,

1593
02:20:05.399 --> 02:20:13.559
blood and hematopolletic organ diseases and some
immune diseases, diseases in dotrines, nutritional

1594
02:20:13.639 --> 02:20:20.479
and metabolic diseases, diseases of the
nervous system, diseases of the eye and

1595
02:20:20.559 --> 02:20:28.319
its attachments, diseases of the ear
and apophysis, mastoids, diseases of the

1596
02:20:28.399 --> 02:20:35.239
circulatory system, diseases of the respiratory
system, diseases of the digestive system,

1597
02:20:37.319 --> 02:20:43.000
diseases of the skin and subcutaneous cell
tissue, diseases of the skeletal and connective

1598
02:20:43.120 --> 02:20:50.879
tissue muscle system, diseases of the
urinary system, diseases of the urinary gene

1599
02:20:52.840 --> 02:21:01.280
system, sick and puerperial pregnancy,
perinatal pathology, malformations and chromosomal anomalies,

1600
02:21:01.399 --> 02:21:09.639
congenital, symptoms, clinical and laboratory
signs and findings not classified in other sections,

1601
02:21:09.239 --> 02:21:18.719
poisoning wounds and other processes of external
cause, morbidity and mortality of external

1602
02:21:18.799 --> 02:21:22.840
cause, factors that influence the state
of health and contact with health centres.

1603
02:21:24.399 --> 02:21:28.440
Finally, the EYE b measures the
evaluation of the overall activity to EYE.

1604
02:21:28.719 --> 02:21:31.600
Useful information that gives us new keys
to the evolution of the clinical picture,

1605
02:21:31.920 --> 02:21:37.680
as it allows us to monitor clinical
progress and capture psychological, social and work

1606
02:21:37.799 --> 02:21:43.239
activity. Together with the DSM four, the international classification of mental illness and

1607
02:21:43.319 --> 02:21:48.440
behaviour must be taken into consideration in
its tenth edition one hundred and ten,

1608
02:21:48.399 --> 02:21:54.040
drawn up by the World Health Organization, because it presents some very interesting nuances

1609
02:21:54.079 --> 02:22:00.639
to clarify certain concepts and nuance them
diagnoses. In addition to a detailed medical

1610
02:22:00.639 --> 02:22:03.959
history, the doctor and his patient
must conduct a meeting aimed at responding,

1611
02:22:03.559 --> 02:22:07.440
first, to the three hypocratic questions
he has had since when, since he

1612
02:22:07.520 --> 02:22:13.040
attributes him to know how the patient
is present and why he has come for

1613
02:22:13.120 --> 02:22:18.879
consultation Among other issues, the clinical
interview has been the most traditional diagnostic method,

1614
02:22:18.479 --> 02:22:24.440
but we have additional equally interesting,
semi- structured interviews, self-

1615
02:22:26.239 --> 02:22:37.399
administered questionnaires and projective tests. Semi- structured interviews allow a large amount of

1616
02:22:37.440 --> 02:22:43.479
information to be collected faithfully through a
set of specific questions, some specific and

1617
02:22:43.479 --> 02:22:50.879
others more general, and ordered by
minors of conduct. The self- administered

1618
02:22:50.360 --> 02:22:54.399
questionnaires, as their name indicates,
are filled out by the subject himself without

1619
02:22:54.479 --> 02:22:58.840
the help of any auxiliary staff,
simply following the indications that are at the

1620
02:23:00.079 --> 02:23:05.840
beginning of the same one. Three
are the most relevant. Mv amnezor Mouth

1621
02:23:05.920 --> 02:23:09.959
fesexpressen adill Antry has a long tradition
and has been widely used in the field

1622
02:23:11.040 --> 02:23:16.399
of psychological and psychiatric research. One
of its designers was Hattabai, who established

1623
02:23:16.479 --> 02:23:20.559
the inventory items. No one seems
to understand me. I get all the

1624
02:23:20.639 --> 02:23:26.319
sympathy I deserve, etc. With
two options of true and false response et

1625
02:23:26.600 --> 02:23:31.639
ups audidig nos de quaschine that was
designed to evaluate personality disorders according to the

1626
02:23:31.799 --> 02:23:39.479
criteria of the DSM four MCM and
ennecomoth and accil adventhorey of easy application and

1627
02:23:39.559 --> 02:23:46.079
well structured. Thirdly, there are
the projective tests, which are tests of

1628
02:23:46.079 --> 02:23:50.159
psychological measurement through which the subject projects
what he carries inside when seeing the foil

1629
02:23:50.280 --> 02:23:56.000
presented to him. Each test in
turn contains elementary units or simpler schemes.

1630
02:23:56.799 --> 02:24:01.399
Tests must be standard, two or
more ons in reliability. Among the most

1631
02:24:01.520 --> 02:24:09.559
used we should highlight two tea te
test of a thematic perception of the American

1632
02:24:09.840 --> 02:24:13.239
psychologist Marry is a classic in the
exploration of personality that is based on his

1633
02:24:13.360 --> 02:24:18.000
theory of motivation, need pressure.
It consists of two series of ten black

1634
02:24:18.079 --> 02:24:22.719
and white prints, with different scenes
representing both personal situations, a character doing

1635
02:24:22.799 --> 02:24:28.280
something as interpersonal More than a character. The individual must say what he thinks

1636
02:24:28.319 --> 02:24:33.840
is happening in them. Invented history
is but a projection of what it carries

1637
02:24:33.879 --> 02:24:39.639
within what it feels inwardly. Tester
Rorchach consists of ten symmetric ink stains,

1638
02:24:41.200 --> 02:24:46.399
five black and white and the others
colorless. The subject is asked to comment

1639
02:24:46.520 --> 02:24:50.079
on what he sees there. The
answers are classified according to three criteria,

1640
02:24:52.040 --> 02:24:56.879
content the objects that are observed,
in particular the perceptions of anatomical and human

1641
02:24:56.879 --> 02:25:01.520
animals, location at which level of
importance emphasizes each stain. Sometimes small shadows

1642
02:25:01.559 --> 02:25:07.399
stand out more than others that are
more striking and structural qualities. Shape color,

1643
02:25:07.799 --> 02:25:13.799
shadows and movement also has a very
long tradition and is emblematic for many

1644
02:25:13.920 --> 02:25:20.959
people not familiar with psychology. Other
projective methods include those based on the association

1645
02:25:20.040 --> 02:25:24.319
of words. One word stimulus gives
rise to another as an answer. The

1646
02:25:24.399 --> 02:25:28.959
test of sentences without complete, short
sentences incomplete that the patient must end life

1647
02:25:31.479 --> 02:25:35.920
has always been for me Sometimes I
feel happiness consists of the hardest thing in

1648
02:25:35.280 --> 02:25:41.440
life is the wounds of the past. They have for me and diverse activities

1649
02:25:41.520 --> 02:25:45.079
such as drawing a house, a
family, a tree and a human,

1650
02:25:45.479 --> 02:25:50.520
object manipulation games, etc. My
work team uses very often the self-

1651
02:25:50.799 --> 02:25:56.280
reports, data and estimates of the
patient himself, who, in the first

1652
02:25:56.440 --> 02:26:01.799
person and using simple clear language that
avoids vague misgivings, responds to a number

1653
02:26:01.920 --> 02:26:07.159
of well- systematized questions. The
most useful is the psychological tracing that we

1654
02:26:07.280 --> 02:26:13.639
have structured in the following way portrait
of my personality. How am I my

1655
02:26:13.719 --> 02:26:20.600
way of being small biographical summary,
childhood, adolescence, first youth, adult

1656
02:26:22.000 --> 02:26:28.239
stages, early and late until reaching
our main days, influences in my life

1657
02:26:28.280 --> 02:26:33.920
and personality, traumas, lived,
emotional impacts that have left an important mark

1658
02:26:33.959 --> 02:26:39.159
on my biography, changes in personality
that I would take away from him and

1659
02:26:39.239 --> 02:26:46.040
that would add to him to achieve
a greater psychological balance relationship with the members

1660
02:26:46.079 --> 02:26:48.840
of the family with which he lives. Father, mother, wife, husband,

1661
02:26:50.239 --> 02:26:56.840
siblings, short- and medium-
term goals, psychopharmacological medication taken so

1662
02:26:56.920 --> 02:27:05.760
far, general side effects and duration
of such administration, incompatibility with some medication

1663
02:27:07.280 --> 02:27:09.600
account of activities on a normal day
and on a weekend, hobbies and circle

1664
02:27:11.040 --> 02:27:18.440
of friendships. This Decalogue gives us
both a dense and clear information about the

1665
02:27:18.520 --> 02:27:22.120
person we have to deal with,
which allows us a very rich knowledge of

1666
02:27:22.239 --> 02:27:26.440
it. One later, with all
that material, we produced a practical summary

1667
02:27:26.559 --> 02:27:33.079
for a future programme of conduct that
would facilitate the main objectives. It is

1668
02:27:33.159 --> 02:27:37.280
a way for the patient to get
involved in their treatment and to know the

1669
02:27:37.399 --> 02:27:41.040
two methodology being followed. Let us
not forget that the doctor is in charge

1670
02:27:41.040 --> 02:27:46.360
of stimulating, encouraging, inciting,
pulling that person to go better according to

1671
02:27:46.440 --> 02:27:52.959
the scheme previously drawn. This perspective
of interaction is very beneficial. Finally,

1672
02:27:54.360 --> 02:27:58.360
I do not want to fail to
mention the reports of third parties, that

1673
02:27:58.399 --> 02:28:01.559
is, close relatives and even close
friends who know this subject well in advance.

1674
02:28:03.639 --> 02:28:09.399
The latter has given written consent to
the inclusion of this data. In

1675
02:28:09.479 --> 02:28:15.879
my experience, this documentation is often
decisive, especially in the cases of a

1676
02:28:15.920 --> 02:28:20.120
highly disturbed personality that provides information about
itself poor without nuances as a result of

1677
02:28:20.559 --> 02:28:30.760
its lack of introspection. How a
personality disorder is diagnosed. To diagnose is

1678
02:28:30.799 --> 02:28:33.840
to determine what happens to an individual
based on his symptoms and his manifestations of

1679
02:28:33.920 --> 02:28:41.079
behavior. These groupings of selected traits
help us to establish a rating that defines

1680
02:28:41.159 --> 02:28:46.440
and points to a specific mismatch.
It should be borne in mind that personality

1681
02:28:46.479 --> 02:28:52.799
disorders are not diseases in the classical
sense of the term. I would therefore

1682
02:28:52.879 --> 02:28:56.479
like to say that their aetiology,
causes and motives, pathogenesis, mechanisms by

1683
02:28:56.479 --> 02:29:01.760
which signs of the disease have been
produced cannot be precisely established. Although this

1684
02:29:01.879 --> 02:29:09.120
is the aspect that can best be
systematized prognosis, evolution and treatment. Since

1685
02:29:09.200 --> 02:29:13.399
personality, as we have said,
is a structured, physical, psychological and

1686
02:29:13.719 --> 02:29:18.360
social system, the disorders of it
imply a dysfunction of that system and are

1687
02:29:18.479 --> 02:29:22.079
more linked to the background than to
the form the assessment of the disorders is

1688
02:29:22.280 --> 02:29:26.040
descriptive. Therefore, treatment should take
into account the environment in which the patient

1689
02:29:26.120 --> 02:29:33.600
develops. Both the observable behavior range
of intellectual affective behaviors, cognitive policies,

1690
02:29:35.000 --> 02:29:39.559
as well as interpersonal behavior, how
to relate to family, friends, doctor,

1691
02:29:41.040 --> 02:29:48.479
psychologist and therapeutic team. It is
important to discover the attitudes that underlie

1692
02:29:48.559 --> 02:29:52.760
and modify their way of acting,
to record their defense mechanisms and their cognitive

1693
02:29:52.920 --> 02:29:56.120
form as they process and encode information, what is the organization of their thinking

1694
02:29:56.200 --> 02:30:00.959
and what powers it makes to the
events that happen to them, as well

1695
02:30:01.079 --> 02:30:05.760
as to analyze the way in which
it solves the various conflicts experienced. All

1696
02:30:05.879 --> 02:30:13.719
elements of evaluation, exploration and measurement
must still be adjusted pentadimensional, physical,

1697
02:30:13.440 --> 02:30:18.680
biological, psychological, experiential, behavioral
model. What is observed from outside cognitive,

1698
02:30:18.399 --> 02:30:22.079
what are ideas and thoughts and assertive
plane of the social relationship, in

1699
02:30:22.079 --> 02:30:28.280
a word, to have a clear
functional scheme, although many times everything is

1700
02:30:28.319 --> 02:30:33.600
involved in a blurry and diffuse climate. These five ingredients open the doors of

1701
02:30:33.639 --> 02:30:39.360
the main psychopathological paths. Personality disorders
have been found in different countries and cultures.

1702
02:30:41.239 --> 02:30:46.600
Therefore, their classification is universal.
What are the main criteria for establishing

1703
02:30:46.639 --> 02:30:52.399
that we are dealing with such a
case? I have already commented that personality

1704
02:30:52.440 --> 02:30:56.799
traits are lasting patterns in the way
of perceiving reality, thinking, feeling,

1705
02:30:56.159 --> 02:31:01.040
and relating to others, and they
put their hands on a rich variety of

1706
02:31:01.159 --> 02:31:07.239
contexts. To establish a diagnosis of
personality disorder, it is necessary to consider

1707
02:31:07.799 --> 02:31:11.360
a lasting and stable pattern of behaviors
and experiences that depart from the normal and

1708
02:31:11.399 --> 02:31:16.600
from what in that culture is understood
as healthy. This pattern gives rise to

1709
02:31:16.680 --> 02:31:22.120
a way of being inflexible, disadapted
and with the obvious deterioration for oneself and

1710
02:31:22.200 --> 02:31:26.239
for the relationship with others. Let
us not forget that in psychology and psychiatry

1711
02:31:26.399 --> 02:31:30.719
normal is not synonymous with health,
since, for example, more than half

1712
02:31:30.760 --> 02:31:35.000
of the young people in a country
do drugs statistically speaking, this would be

1713
02:31:35.120 --> 02:31:39.399
normal. Instead, non- addicts
would be abnormal, but three would be

1714
02:31:39.399 --> 02:31:46.799
healthy. The abnormal is not necessarily
pathological. These are persistent alterations or syndromes

1715
02:31:46.879 --> 02:31:52.079
that are not limited in time.
A phased depression, many of them seasonal,

1716
02:31:52.479 --> 02:31:56.920
spring, autumn and once cured,
refers to and disappears symptomatology, but

1717
02:31:56.920 --> 02:32:03.680
in personality disorder it does not happen
this way. They are long- term

1718
02:32:03.719 --> 02:32:09.079
mismatches and correspond to chronic behavior patterns. They usually start in adolescence or youth

1719
02:32:09.159 --> 02:32:15.479
and have a gradual gradual slow insidious
course, often going undiagnosed, with which

1720
02:32:15.479 --> 02:32:18.280
no one has managed to put in
a certain treatment. In that case,

1721
02:32:20.319 --> 02:32:22.399
they do not occur at a stage
of life, but they come from behind.

1722
02:32:24.319 --> 02:32:28.440
The ways of thinking, feeling,
acting, and governing are disadapted.

1723
02:32:30.639 --> 02:32:35.559
These rigid, inflexible and inadequate manifestations
affect these four facets the cognitive plane,

1724
02:32:37.079 --> 02:32:41.600
how to elaborate ideas and thoughts the
sentimental world. Affective, unhealthy actions are

1725
02:32:41.719 --> 02:32:46.360
designed that do not facilitate a correct
emotional life. Well structured, the actions

1726
02:32:46.399 --> 02:32:52.239
themselves are not inflexible or adaptive and, finally, the difficulties in controlling impulses.

1727
02:32:54.000 --> 02:32:58.079
The way of being gives rise to
a subjective disposition of discomfort which also

1728
02:32:58.120 --> 02:33:03.280
has an objective rebuke. The person
almost always suffers four, but what is

1729
02:33:03.319 --> 02:33:09.680
certain is that it makes others suffer. There is a significant impairment of family,

1730
02:33:09.040 --> 02:33:13.879
professional and social life which, over
time, leads to the erosion of

1731
02:33:13.000 --> 02:33:22.040
coexistence. In colloquial language these individuals
are labeled as rare strangers, difficult,

1732
02:33:22.399 --> 02:33:30.000
abnormal or maniac, summarizing a way
of being negative and extravagant. Personality mismatch

1733
02:33:30.079 --> 02:33:33.799
occurs outside of any psychological disorder and
not as a result of a mental illness,

1734
02:33:35.159 --> 02:33:39.479
i e it does not manifest after
a depression, a state of anxiety

1735
02:33:39.559 --> 02:33:43.879
or a picturephobic, although it is
evident that in any of these diseases there

1736
02:33:45.000 --> 02:33:48.639
is a certain modification of personality,
but without its own entity, without the

1737
02:33:48.719 --> 02:33:56.040
psychopathological force of a personality disorder in
a strict sense. Personality disorder is not

1738
02:33:56.120 --> 02:34:01.559
attributable to a medical condition or to
the ingestion of certain substances. Thus,

1739
02:34:01.920 --> 02:34:07.040
for example, a cancer, an
acute or chronic infection, or a generative

1740
02:34:07.120 --> 02:34:11.239
process can act as triggers of a
certain personality mismatch, which is within normal

1741
02:34:11.360 --> 02:34:18.719
limits, but should not be considered
as a strict disorder. If clinical help

1742
02:34:18.840 --> 02:34:22.600
has been sought, it is rare
for it to be a misadjustment, as

1743
02:34:22.680 --> 02:34:26.840
those with a personality disorder are often
unaware of it and therefore believe that they

1744
02:34:26.959 --> 02:34:33.000
do not need it. Most often, the whole family of the patient comes,

1745
02:34:33.399 --> 02:34:35.159
or the husband or wife to comment
on what happens to him and the

1746
02:34:35.200 --> 02:34:41.440
terrible consequences that this has on living
together. The awareness of the affected person

1747
02:34:41.600 --> 02:34:48.280
is the first step towards proper treatment. At present we have some evaluation scales

1748
02:34:48.319 --> 02:34:54.680
to measure the degree of enza of
a disorder or disease five. The lack

1749
02:34:54.760 --> 02:34:58.879
of awareness of the condition or its
symptoms is observed both in verbal and non

1750
02:34:58.079 --> 02:35:03.040
- verbal behavior, gestimimic, facial
and bodily expressions, indicating the ignorance that

1751
02:35:03.120 --> 02:35:11.520
the individual has of his own pathology. There is a disagreement between the patient

1752
02:35:11.559 --> 02:35:16.200
and the doctor or psychologist, since
the former does not accept the diagnosis of

1753
02:35:16.239 --> 02:35:26.360
the therapeutic equipment. Family history of
personality disorders usually exists. Let us not

1754
02:35:26.479 --> 02:35:30.200
forget that the personality moves between the
inheritance and the environment, the genetics and

1755
02:35:30.280 --> 02:35:35.840
the context in which that subject has
developed and divided. Since personality is a

1756
02:35:35.959 --> 02:35:41.559
system with many references and areas,
the psychiatrist or betrothed psychologist should use the

1757
02:35:41.600 --> 02:35:48.159
appropriate tools to evaluate all of them. Personality disorders are not cured with the

1758
02:35:48.280 --> 02:35:54.760
administration of psychopharmaceuticals, as personality disorders
are not corrected with them. It is

1759
02:35:54.840 --> 02:35:58.399
appropriate to explain this to family members
and to the subject himself, since it

1760
02:35:58.559 --> 02:36:05.159
is a fairly common misbelief. We
insist that the design of the treatment should

1761
02:36:05.159 --> 02:36:11.440
be eclectic, integrating the biological,
pharmacotherapy, psychological, psychotherapy and social sociotherapy

1762
02:36:11.440 --> 02:36:16.559
plans. However, a certain medication
usually relieves some manifestations derived from the disorder,

1763
02:36:16.799 --> 02:36:22.319
mainly of anxious or depressive type.
The treatment of a personality disorder is

1764
02:36:22.399 --> 02:36:26.600
almost always long- term, which
in some families is a problem, given

1765
02:36:26.680 --> 02:36:31.959
the cost of it. In such
cases, it is recommended that the patient

1766
02:36:33.000 --> 02:36:37.360
be assigned an action plan to improve
certain behaviors and monitor their evolution once a

1767
02:36:37.360 --> 02:36:41.120
month. Six but which occurs when
you suffer from a personality disorder and go

1768
02:36:41.200 --> 02:36:46.680
late for consultation, then errors and
anomalies can be corrected. In the way

1769
02:36:46.799 --> 02:36:52.719
of being the answer is bifronte.
It depends on the therapist' s ability

1770
02:36:52.760 --> 02:36:58.280
and the subject' s motivation to
be helped. In conclusion, when we

1771
02:36:58.360 --> 02:37:03.120
try to structure some indicators of the
therapeutic response, we have to draw a

1772
02:37:03.200 --> 02:37:07.200
complete map of the person, including
all aspects of the case, which,

1773
02:37:07.280 --> 02:37:13.600
from a scientific point of view,
is difficult and highly complex classification of personality

1774
02:37:13.760 --> 02:37:20.440
disorders. The magnitude of the issue
before us is enormous. In a work

1775
02:37:20.520 --> 02:37:24.559
of woes and collaborators one thousand nine
hundred and ninety- nine it is emphasized

1776
02:37:24.639 --> 02:37:28.440
that between ten and thirty percent of
the general population suffers from a personality disorder.

1777
02:37:30.319 --> 02:37:33.520
From thirty to fifty percent of outpatient
psychiatric patients, fifteen percent are admitted

1778
02:37:33.600 --> 02:37:39.799
by a diagnosis of this type.
Many miscalled depressions are actually chronicled personality disorders

1779
02:37:39.879 --> 02:37:48.159
that no therapist has ever acted on. This usual association between depression and personality

1780
02:37:48.239 --> 02:37:56.079
disorder is named after distibe in the
DSM language. Let' s see below

1781
02:37:56.120 --> 02:37:58.840
what personality disorders are according to ds
EN the four and ce reads ten.

1782
02:38:01.120 --> 02:38:05.559
Understanding that all classification is an attempt
to integrate the available knowledge that makes a

1783
02:38:05.680 --> 02:38:11.079
model by adding the different strands.
In the SMITH we find the following groups

1784
02:38:11.200 --> 02:38:18.000
of disorders, group to schizoid and
schizotypic paranoid. It encompasses eccentric people in

1785
02:38:18.040 --> 02:38:24.959
whom a fairly pathological behavior is observed. They rarely pass unnoticed to the people

1786
02:38:24.040 --> 02:38:31.000
who live with them. Group sees
antisocial, histrionic and narcissistic limit, collective,

1787
02:38:31.079 --> 02:38:37.799
marked by instability and the tendency to
show radical extremist behaviors, not moderate.

1788
02:38:39.040 --> 02:38:43.520
Group by avoidance, by dependence and
obsessive compulsive, broad, arc ranging

1789
02:38:43.639 --> 02:38:50.920
from fear to anxiety and avoidance.
Disorder group not specified in the above categories.

1790
02:38:50.920 --> 02:38:56.079
This includes mixed personality disorders, such
as predepressive, depressive or immature personalities.

1791
02:38:58.719 --> 02:39:03.680
The 10th includes the latter in a
marginal section sixty eight other personality-

1792
02:39:05.399 --> 02:39:11.399
specific disorders. In the following chapters. I will use the classification of groups

1793
02:39:11.559 --> 02:39:15.639
A, B, C and D, interspersing some clinical cases that will help

1794
02:39:15.719 --> 02:39:20.840
us to make the journey more didactic. I think that few things are as

1795
02:39:20.959 --> 02:39:24.399
pedagogical as these sessions in which the
patient explains what happens to this classification.

1796
02:39:26.040 --> 02:39:31.079
I have added three forms not collected
in this ordination and which I have described

1797
02:39:31.200 --> 02:39:35.040
in the text concert detail the immature
personality, the predepressive and the depressive.

1798
02:39:37.559 --> 02:39:46.200
Nothing equal does not appear chapter five, a controversial issue unsolved. Few recent

1799
02:39:46.280 --> 02:39:52.280
psychology and psychiatry manuals are typified.
This mode of personality, however, is

1800
02:39:52.280 --> 02:39:56.680
frequent in today' s life.
It is not a simple task to classify

1801
02:39:56.799 --> 02:40:01.040
your symptoms and draw your profile,
as many think that being behind most personality

1802
02:40:01.159 --> 02:40:05.760
disorders, what is hidden is a
way to be immature. The controversy,

1803
02:40:07.159 --> 02:40:11.479
as it remains open and in fact, neither the above mentioned 10 of the

1804
02:40:11.600 --> 02:40:16.559
WHO nor the DSM four tr of
the APA reflect this diagnosis in their lists.

1805
02:40:18.280 --> 02:40:22.719
First of all, it is important
to explain what the source of misunderstandings

1806
02:40:22.760 --> 02:40:28.680
and ambiguities is all about. It
is an indeterminate, polyhedric, imprecise amphibian

1807
02:40:28.680 --> 02:40:33.399
concept, which is used in many
areas and which consists in all the languages

1808
02:40:33.399 --> 02:40:37.799
of mechuretti, maturité, maturita,
reife. The language of the street uses

1809
02:40:37.920 --> 02:40:41.360
it correctly and wrongly, with consideration
and without it, as happens with many

1810
02:40:41.520 --> 02:40:46.239
other words, When people say that
someone is immature, a priori some disqualification

1811
02:40:46.280 --> 02:40:54.079
is observed. What is maturity in
the psychological field are equal all possible experiences

1812
02:40:54.200 --> 02:40:56.920
of maturity, or there are nuances
according to the text and context concerned.

1813
02:40:58.799 --> 02:41:01.159
N N s r n NS.
I shall continue to refer in particular to

1814
02:41:01.239 --> 02:41:07.319
emotional, intellectual and professional maturity.
All three form a set that explores decisive

1815
02:41:07.399 --> 02:41:13.680
human geographies. We can say that
maturity is that state of knowledge and good

1816
02:41:13.680 --> 02:41:18.120
judgment, prudence and knowing that it
has been achieved and that leads to a

1817
02:41:18.159 --> 02:41:22.159
positive management of psychology itself. In
a word, it is what enables us

1818
02:41:22.280 --> 02:41:26.879
to direct and govern personal life in
such a way that it produces the right

1819
02:41:26.879 --> 02:41:33.000
fruits. Maturity is fullness to reflect
on feelings, ideas and professional life,

1820
02:41:33.239 --> 02:41:37.079
translating this reflection into a coherent,
attractive, realistic, positive and lasting life

1821
02:41:37.399 --> 02:41:46.319
project. Maturity thus constitutes a mixture
of sound knowledge, fair judgment, wisdom,

1822
02:41:46.760 --> 02:41:50.079
prudence and well- formed criteria that
allow us to aspire to the goal

1823
02:41:50.200 --> 02:41:54.520
of understanding what life consists of,
what are the main routes to follow.

1824
02:41:56.440 --> 02:42:01.639
Likewise, it helps us to respond
to three key masses prisoners such as understanding

1825
02:42:01.959 --> 02:42:05.639
the affectivity of how to make our
way into the thick jungle of intelligence and

1826
02:42:05.760 --> 02:42:11.639
how to have a professional life suggestive
and full of meaning psychiatrists move freely in

1827
02:42:11.680 --> 02:42:16.559
the corridors of other people' s
lives, we enter and leave her like

1828
02:42:16.680 --> 02:42:20.200
Peter through her house. Our daily
work is to track the big arguments,

1829
02:42:20.680 --> 02:42:24.200
as well as the book of accounts. The results of the personal journey.

1830
02:42:26.200 --> 02:42:30.600
Life involves sailing against wind and tide
sometimes and sometimes with the wind, in

1831
02:42:30.600 --> 02:42:33.840
favor, to climb the waves,
to jump over possible shipwrecks that threaten to

1832
02:42:33.879 --> 02:42:41.879
take everything ahead and escape from pitfalls
and sea betrayals. Rectilinear lives do not

1833
02:42:41.879 --> 02:42:46.799
exist, except in books. The
mythical dream of complete happiness is a utopia.

1834
02:42:46.760 --> 02:42:52.040
However, if happiness is allowed when
it is understood as maturity, calmness

1835
02:42:52.159 --> 02:42:56.159
and peace, both complete happiness and
idyllic maturity are denied over the years.

1836
02:43:00.239 --> 02:43:03.079
Therefore, maturity can never be understood
as a definitive destiny to which one arrives

1837
02:43:03.159 --> 02:43:07.760
and in which one establishes himself with
a perennial character. It must be seen

1838
02:43:07.879 --> 02:43:13.479
in a different way, as an
ever- improveable path, a process of

1839
02:43:13.559 --> 02:43:18.000
gradual, progressive, sequential knowledge and
independence that improves and polishes over the years.

1840
02:43:20.680 --> 02:43:24.879
Hence, it is more correct to
talk about the degree of maturity in

1841
02:43:24.879 --> 02:43:28.680
some adolescents, in the first youth, etc. These are moments of discernment

1842
02:43:28.760 --> 02:43:33.799
and lucidity in which we understand that
it is to live. Maturity is growth,

1843
02:43:33.360 --> 02:43:37.520
development, step- by- step
process of organization, great arguments,

1844
02:43:39.159 --> 02:43:43.079
feelings, profession, knowing how to
overcome difficulties according to different ages and circumstances.

1845
02:43:46.840 --> 02:43:50.200
We must not forget that being mature
is not something that is highlighted at

1846
02:43:50.360 --> 02:43:54.840
a specific time, but rather it
translates into a prolonged conduct that offers solid

1847
02:43:54.920 --> 02:44:00.719
criteria of coherence and balance in the
most diverse occasions is not linked to one

1848
02:44:00.799 --> 02:44:05.600
or several important episodes, but reflects
a style, a way of functioning that

1849
02:44:05.719 --> 02:44:11.120
can be applied to the label of
a mature person, the lush forest of

1850
02:44:11.159 --> 02:44:18.559
feelings. I am now going to
degrate the demonstrations that allow us to infer

1851
02:44:18.639 --> 02:44:22.680
that we are in love with an
immature person. First I' ll make

1852
02:44:22.799 --> 02:44:28.159
a brief sketch of what affectivity is. The definition is not easy. We

1853
02:44:28.280 --> 02:44:31.879
all know about her. We perceive
it, we know its movements and movements,

1854
02:44:33.440 --> 02:44:37.159
but it is very difficult to summarize
the jungle of experiences that are lodged

1855
02:44:37.319 --> 02:44:41.479
inside this difous and elusive concept looking
for its signs of identity. Its essence

1856
02:44:43.000 --> 02:44:48.840
is to delve into narrow and winding
vericuetes. Affectivity is constituted by a set

1857
02:44:48.959 --> 02:44:54.920
of phenomena of a subjective nature different
from pure knowledge, which are often difficult

1858
02:44:56.000 --> 02:44:58.479
to verbalize and which cause an internal
change that moves between two extreme poles.

1859
02:45:00.440 --> 02:45:05.879
Pleasure, displace, excitement, tranquility, tension, relaxation, approach, rejection,

1860
02:45:05.239 --> 02:45:11.120
activation or blocking. These are three
experiences that narrow down this Amazonian field

1861
02:45:11.159 --> 02:45:18.520
full of nooks. The basic affective
manifestations are four feelings, emotions, passions

1862
02:45:18.600 --> 02:45:24.319
and motivations, but the royal path
is that of feelings. Feelings are private

1863
02:45:24.399 --> 02:45:30.920
subjective states, sometimes with a clear
tonality, and others diffuse positive or negative

1864
02:45:31.000 --> 02:45:37.719
that produce approximation or rejection. What
it means is that they are subjective that

1865
02:45:37.799 --> 02:45:41.600
are inside each of us and that
they have a direct, personal and intimate

1866
02:45:41.719 --> 02:45:46.559
thread. Its impression can be clear, clear, precise or, on the

1867
02:45:46.639 --> 02:45:52.440
contrary, difose, ethereal, blurry, content, confusing and subtle. There

1868
02:45:52.520 --> 02:45:58.799
are no neutral feelings. They always
approach us or distance us from the object

1869
02:45:58.879 --> 02:46:01.639
that appears before us. They link
us and serve to clarify our preferences,

1870
02:46:03.360 --> 02:46:07.479
our choices, what forces us,
as we have already said, to announce

1871
02:46:07.559 --> 02:46:15.120
or renounce. Feelings act as intermediaries
between instincts and intelligence. They are the

1872
02:46:15.200 --> 02:46:18.319
psychological subsoil of behavior, the atmosphere
that marks the tone of the mood.

1873
02:46:20.760 --> 02:46:24.239
Feelings are inhabited by bipolar experiences.
Joy, sadness, love, or hatred,

1874
02:46:24.639 --> 02:46:30.840
hope, despair, congratulations, charm
that weave a complex web. They

1875
02:46:30.959 --> 02:46:35.760
are characterized by their wealth and diversity
five. But this variegated tropel needs some

1876
02:46:35.920 --> 02:46:41.399
order to avoid straying from us,
disorienting ourselves to walk through life without government,

1877
02:46:41.600 --> 02:46:46.639
we will then see that in affective
immaturity we are not able to distinguish

1878
02:46:46.799 --> 02:46:50.200
love, from falling in love or
from desire, and that long- term

1879
02:46:50.200 --> 02:46:54.680
confusion can wreak havoc. That is
why it is essential to be careful to

1880
02:46:54.840 --> 02:47:01.000
know the terrain that we set out
to clarify with ourselves. In feelings is

1881
02:47:01.079 --> 02:47:05.040
found much of the roots of a
person' s life. We must learn

1882
02:47:05.159 --> 02:47:11.319
to master the journey to our personal
world. Sentimental education is taking on a

1883
02:47:11.440 --> 02:47:15.040
huge relief today. There are many
who seek and study, who tell what

1884
02:47:15.120 --> 02:47:20.040
happens in their territory, but there
are also many words that circulate in these

1885
02:47:20.120 --> 02:47:24.360
corridors and it is necessary to know
what each one means in order not to

1886
02:47:24.399 --> 02:47:28.319
be called deceitful, to desire,
to be attracted, to be interested in

1887
02:47:28.319 --> 02:47:31.639
someone, to feel love. These
scattered islands are scattered by the sea of

1888
02:47:31.719 --> 02:47:37.719
emotional language and success becomes equivocal.
It' s pathetic to see how some

1889
02:47:37.799 --> 02:47:41.680
people with a good professional level paradoxically
don' t know anything about affectivity.

1890
02:47:43.040 --> 02:47:46.760
As a result, they lead a
wandering life, broken, without compass that

1891
02:47:46.879 --> 02:47:54.520
brings them without flavors, love and
falling in love. Love is a tendency

1892
02:47:54.680 --> 02:48:00.000
towards something or someone I discover as
valuable. To love is to feel inclined,

1893
02:48:00.559 --> 02:48:03.920
to decorate, to be pushed and
to have predilection. Love is attraction

1894
02:48:03.959 --> 02:48:09.559
and affection. There are many kinds
of love in interpersonal relationships to ideals justice,

1895
02:48:11.079 --> 02:48:13.520
good beauty, to life forms,
to be in contact with nature or

1896
02:48:13.600 --> 02:48:20.840
traditions, to friends, to a
couple or to love God. Falling in

1897
02:48:22.000 --> 02:48:24.559
love is a mysterious and complex process
that leads someone to think that it is

1898
02:48:24.680 --> 02:48:30.879
worthwhile to stop being independent to share
life with someone else. Start with the

1899
02:48:30.959 --> 02:48:35.280
attraction. Here follows a very interesting
journey. We have mortgaged our heads,

1900
02:48:35.879 --> 02:48:39.879
we keep thinking about her, we
admire her six and we sense enthusiasm for

1901
02:48:39.959 --> 02:48:46.760
what she teaches and hides, shows
and suggests. That is why the human

1902
02:48:46.840 --> 02:48:50.040
being is most portrayed in the loving
choice. It makes clear his identity and

1903
02:48:50.120 --> 02:48:56.680
his pretensions. Loving another person implies
the need to get out of oneself and

1904
02:48:56.760 --> 02:49:01.559
share existence with those who understand us
reflects the needy condition of the human being.

1905
02:49:03.520 --> 02:49:07.959
The first attraction is usually physical,
especially the face seven, since the

1906
02:49:07.040 --> 02:49:13.239
whole body depends on it. The
exterior beauty is something light and imprecise that

1907
02:49:13.360 --> 02:49:18.360
we love, but that has a
lot of fleetingness. The intelligent people do

1908
02:49:18.440 --> 02:49:22.959
not stay here, but then they
seek the inner beauty usually crouched, which

1909
02:49:22.959 --> 02:49:26.719
requires almost the work of a speleologist
to reach their last strongholds and find there

1910
02:49:26.799 --> 02:49:33.799
that mixture of balance and fullness.
Then there is an exercise of mutual exploration,

1911
02:49:33.879 --> 02:49:39.239
marked by the attraction that passes from
the physical plane to the psychological and

1912
02:49:39.239 --> 02:49:43.159
spiritual. Fiery and maneuvers are part
of the strategy of conquest. With its

1913
02:49:43.239 --> 02:49:48.799
fixed and naughty rules that weave new
and unexpected paths that force a training exercise.

1914
02:49:50.280 --> 02:49:54.840
If the seductions, the psychological mechanism
to drag someone' s laws are

1915
02:49:54.879 --> 02:50:00.639
presided over by flirtation is played with
words, gestures, silence, insinuations and

1916
02:50:00.639 --> 02:50:05.879
double meanings, all loving conquest means
the triumph of a certain psychological technique.

1917
02:50:09.159 --> 02:50:13.120
In such circumstances, there is a
time when an apotheosis of appearance occurs that

1918
02:50:13.159 --> 02:50:20.680
is part of one' s own
coming. The first symptoms of falling in

1919
02:50:20.760 --> 02:50:24.799
love are the following attention disorder.
Feeling enchanted, thinking enthusiastically about the other

1920
02:50:24.920 --> 02:50:28.920
person. I wish to be with
her experience that the time at her side

1921
02:50:30.079 --> 02:50:33.840
runs very fast between both members of
the couple. A magnetic field is created

1922
02:50:33.959 --> 02:50:39.559
with three points of physical, psychological
and spiritual support. That is why it

1923
02:50:39.639 --> 02:50:43.920
is crucial to be right in loving
choice. But what it' s like

1924
02:50:43.920 --> 02:50:48.479
to fall in love. It'
s finding yourself out of yourself, it

1925
02:50:48.520 --> 02:50:54.159
' s telling someone I don'
t understand life without you, you'

1926
02:50:54.200 --> 02:50:56.840
re a fundamental part of my project. To fall in love is to find

1927
02:50:56.959 --> 02:51:01.719
a person to whom one gives the
plans of the hidden treasure. It is

1928
02:51:01.799 --> 02:51:05.520
the flame of love that vibrates and
illuminates us. It says the dictionary of

1929
02:51:05.520 --> 02:51:09.040
authorities. The flame is the subtlest
part of the fire that rises and rises

1930
02:51:09.120 --> 02:51:16.600
high in pyramidal. That original fire
sustains the infatuation and its hixageos in nourishment

1931
02:51:16.680 --> 02:51:22.440
of knowledge. How easy it is
to fall in love and how difficult it

1932
02:51:22.440 --> 02:51:24.639
is to stay in love. If
love is the first argument of life,

1933
02:51:24.840 --> 02:51:28.280
the second is the pleasant work so
that it will not be extinguished or carried

1934
02:51:28.360 --> 02:51:35.399
away by the routine or the thousand
avatars of existence. Passionate infatuations usually occur

1935
02:51:35.479 --> 02:51:39.079
at an early age, while late
love is more intellectual and its course slower

1936
02:51:39.120 --> 02:51:48.680
and more gradual until it settles the
loving itinerary. Part of falling in love

1937
02:51:48.760 --> 02:51:52.920
lowers reality with the institutionalization of love
and prolongs in daily life. Strategies must

1938
02:51:54.000 --> 02:51:58.319
always be prepared to overcome the difficulties
and conjugal crises that before or after will

1939
02:51:58.399 --> 02:52:05.319
make their appearance as another of the
ingredients of affective life. Those who have

1940
02:52:05.399 --> 02:52:09.559
a proper sentimental education know what the
alchemy of love consists of and strive to

1941
02:52:09.639 --> 02:52:13.000
put it into play so that it
becomes solid, strong and well compensated for

1942
02:52:15.520 --> 02:52:20.920
the emotional immaturity. One of the
plots in which immaturity is especially observed is

1943
02:52:20.040 --> 02:52:26.280
in the sentimental field. In our
world so technified and full of scientific advances,

1944
02:52:26.760 --> 02:52:31.440
the human has gradually been neglected in
the decalogue I draw. Next,

1945
02:52:33.200 --> 02:52:37.600
I give readers the guidelines for understanding
what the person is like, affectionately immature.

1946
02:52:39.040 --> 02:52:43.680
Not knowing what the sentimental world is. To know something implies knowledge,

1947
02:52:43.159 --> 02:52:48.079
perception of what is housed there,
information to separate the accessory from the fundamental,

1948
02:52:48.680 --> 02:52:52.479
to discern in the jungle of facts
and intentions and to make way for

1949
02:52:52.559 --> 02:52:56.959
the best. Western women are more
skilled in this field than men, whose

1950
02:52:56.959 --> 02:53:03.520
sentimental illiteracy is having devastating sussacs.
You don' t see you don'

1951
02:53:03.680 --> 02:53:05.920
t understand what' s going on
or what the main laws and springs of

1952
02:53:05.920 --> 02:53:13.440
affectivity are. To build sentimental life
on an incoherent and unsound basis when love

1953
02:53:13.479 --> 02:53:16.200
is made with materials of demolition and
its construction, therefore, results in weakness

1954
02:53:16.600 --> 02:53:22.520
before or after it will fade away. It cannot be said in such a

1955
02:53:22.559 --> 02:53:26.760
case of genuine falling in love and, if there is, the rules of

1956
02:53:26.760 --> 02:53:28.959
the game are unknown. Sometimes what
exists are other feelings of less depth,

1957
02:53:30.360 --> 02:53:35.440
but in the long run the basis
will not work, for it is to

1958
02:53:35.559 --> 02:53:41.559
feel deeply in love and know how
to maintain such a relationship, to divinize

1959
02:53:41.559 --> 02:53:46.479
love. The immature person idealizes affective
life and exalts Conjugal love as something extraordinary

1960
02:53:46.600 --> 02:53:50.360
and wonderful, which is a mistake, because it does not deepen its analysis.

1961
02:53:52.159 --> 02:53:56.879
Love is a task, a hard
task of personal improvement, through which

1962
02:53:56.959 --> 02:54:00.559
the defects of one' s conduct
that affect the other are polished and treated.

1963
02:54:01.840 --> 02:54:05.799
Love makes us free and slaves.
Already Greek mythology spoke of eros God

1964
02:54:07.239 --> 02:54:13.680
of love as the son of rock
and pores of poverty and wealth. Make

1965
02:54:13.719 --> 02:54:18.799
the other person an absolute. This
sign of immaturity is usually very expensive.

1966
02:54:20.159 --> 02:54:22.680
It is natural that, in the
course of falling in love, the other

1967
02:54:22.760 --> 02:54:28.000
person shines with the very phenomenon that
Ortega and Gassette called attention sickness. This

1968
02:54:28.079 --> 02:54:35.280
tile crystallization and faith Alberoni nascent state. However, the difficult daily coexistence is

1969
02:54:35.399 --> 02:54:39.760
putting everyone in place the truth without
trap or cardboard, because one thing is

1970
02:54:39.760 --> 02:54:45.360
the initial image that we offer and
another very different the real version of ordinary

1971
02:54:45.440 --> 02:54:52.600
life, not knowing that feelings are
not static, but dynamic. Love,

1972
02:54:52.920 --> 02:54:58.399
like any living organ, is perfectible
and defective and mutual love is the supreme

1973
02:54:58.440 --> 02:55:01.920
formation of companionship. That' s
why you have to be careful about it.

1974
02:55:03.879 --> 02:55:07.959
Smart love involves taking care of small
details, which requires a high percentage

1975
02:55:07.040 --> 02:55:15.719
of psychological craftsmanship in lexitimia or inability
to express feelings. You live next to

1976
02:55:15.840 --> 02:55:20.719
a person unable to show affection,
which is very hard. Love is built

1977
02:55:20.840 --> 02:55:24.959
day by day. We must put
the best of ourselves, fight to correct

1978
02:55:26.040 --> 02:55:30.920
defects, know, ignore difficulties and
have psychological resources to overcome frictions and disagreements.

1979
02:55:33.079 --> 02:55:37.239
The balanced and serene analysis of these
confrontations should lead to the improvement of

1980
02:55:37.360 --> 02:55:43.520
such specific aspects, Not knowing how
to give or receive love. Feelings are

1981
02:55:43.600 --> 02:55:48.559
a way back and forth from pleasure, to displace from excitement, to tranquility,

1982
02:55:48.639 --> 02:55:50.639
from attention, to relaxation, from
approach, to rejection of activation,

1983
02:55:50.760 --> 02:55:58.879
to blocking. The unripe person believes
that he is not worthy of affection and

1984
02:55:58.959 --> 02:56:03.319
is missed when two receive. Besides, he hasn' t learned how to

1985
02:56:03.319 --> 02:56:07.399
give it a whimper. He said
the door of happiness opens out. The

1986
02:56:07.520 --> 02:56:11.200
immature, on the contrary, open
their affectivity inwards, close them later and

1987
02:56:11.239 --> 02:56:18.879
then lose the key. Being unable
to elaborate a common project with another person.

1988
02:56:18.920 --> 02:56:22.760
The immature does not contemplate putting someone
into his life project and sharing it.

1989
02:56:22.879 --> 02:56:26.399
Everything is not projected in the same
direction, it does not feel the

1990
02:56:26.520 --> 02:56:31.200
things of the other as its own, nor does it know how to face

1991
02:56:31.200 --> 02:56:33.879
and value the conflicts that are emerging. From there to the breakup there is

1992
02:56:33.959 --> 02:56:39.399
only one step. It is necessary
to maintain a balanced growth of the couple,

1993
02:56:39.600 --> 02:56:46.159
which means never being abandoned This project
mentioned above should not forget the three

1994
02:56:46.319 --> 02:56:52.200
basic ingredients love, work and culture. It is necessary to share, to

1995
02:56:52.520 --> 02:56:56.799
have complicity, to look together in
the same direction, to ignore the methodology

1996
02:56:56.799 --> 02:57:01.280
of love. The main keys to
staying close to someone are intelligence, will

1997
02:57:01.280 --> 02:57:07.399
and commitment. The intelligence to know, to lead our partner in the laborious

1998
02:57:07.520 --> 02:57:13.200
coexistence, as well as to skilfully
handle communication. The will, because it

1999
02:57:13.280 --> 02:57:16.959
is the ability to set small goals
that point to a more distant end.

2000
02:57:18.920 --> 02:57:22.399
When you want to achieve adequate conjugal
stability, the will has a leading role.

2001
02:57:24.159 --> 02:57:28.799
Indeed, one of the deepest manifestations
of maturity is a good education of

2002
02:57:28.920 --> 02:57:33.639
the will the commitment to be able
to make the effort to build a long

2003
02:57:35.280 --> 02:57:39.680
- term relationship. If there is
disloyalty with regard to the loving project,

2004
02:57:41.319 --> 02:57:46.520
it is immediately convenient in these cases
not to be deceived and to take into

2005
02:57:46.520 --> 02:57:48.840
account the examples of those who daily
give us fulfilled information, the press,

2006
02:57:50.440 --> 02:57:54.520
the radio and the television. A
society as hedonistic as ours tolerates bad frustrations

2007
02:57:54.600 --> 02:58:01.440
from not finding quick deals in affective
life. Soon bloom Relativism with what is

2008
02:58:01.479 --> 02:58:05.239
less important to any decision however hard, immaturity, allows only a fragile utilitarian

2009
02:58:05.239 --> 02:58:11.799
connection. If the couple or marriage
does not work, it is changed to

2010
02:58:11.920 --> 02:58:18.200
another and settled matter. Conjugal love
is one of the greatest adventures that exist.

2011
02:58:18.840 --> 02:58:22.799
A relationship must be based on understanding, dialogue, mutual care, tenderness,

2012
02:58:24.440 --> 02:58:31.079
small details. The ability to reflect
and value life in its entirety has

2013
02:58:31.200 --> 02:58:35.360
been lost, and this has led
to the decline of love because the articulation

2014
02:58:35.479 --> 02:58:39.520
of love with the other great components
of existence is lacking. Love is looked

2015
02:58:39.600 --> 02:58:45.719
at with skepticism. Many no longer
believe in him. The lexicography in this

2016
02:58:45.840 --> 02:58:50.040
regard has become misleading and the fundamental
words float adrift in the vocabulary of the

2017
02:58:50.159 --> 02:58:56.239
immature, forming a complex web of
meanings and contradictions. The myth of love

2018
02:58:56.319 --> 02:59:00.559
has been perverted by the instrumentalization of
the dictionary, which in the long run

2019
02:59:00.639 --> 02:59:05.079
leads to disenchantment to a lost and
hollow paradise trapped in the networks of consumerism

2020
02:59:05.200 --> 02:59:09.879
and permissiveness to fall in love,
but not to be able to maintain that

2021
02:59:09.879 --> 02:59:13.600
love. We have all known some
Don Juan master in the art of conquest

2022
02:59:13.680 --> 02:59:18.040
and a failure to sustain and protect
what has achieved the best way to stay

2023
02:59:18.120 --> 02:59:24.399
in love, is to feel admiration
for the other person, to see his

2024
02:59:24.440 --> 02:59:28.760
biographical trajectory, to observe his coherence, his quality and his values, to

2025
02:59:28.799 --> 02:59:33.799
excuse the negative aspects. In its
right measure, many elements come into play

2026
02:59:35.440 --> 02:59:39.680
: complicity, companionship, sense of
humor, spirituality, culture, mystery.

2027
02:59:41.399 --> 02:59:48.399
Both Pascal and Eschelera spoke of the
logical logic of the heart, thinking that

2028
02:59:48.520 --> 02:59:52.799
feelings cannot be governed. Although he
does not usually make this statement explicitly.

2029
02:59:54.799 --> 02:59:58.319
The acts of the unripe person are
in this line. He believes that feelings

2030
02:59:58.399 --> 03:00:03.559
are like an impetuous wind that is
difficult to control and therefore lives condemned to

2031
03:00:03.680 --> 03:00:07.399
the tyranny of whim. He does
not know how to say no to the

2032
03:00:07.479 --> 03:00:13.079
new and unexpected affections with which he
can break the balance of the couple because

2033
03:00:13.280 --> 03:00:16.200
they are fun and take him away
from monotony. This philosophy of the yearning

2034
03:00:16.360 --> 03:00:20.200
turns the immature person into a vane, rotating and aimless, someone shaken by

2035
03:00:20.319 --> 03:00:28.639
the immediate stimulus. In conclusion,
we can say that a proper administration of

2036
03:00:28.680 --> 03:00:33.440
the affective world must rest on four
pillars, intelligence, will, sense of

2037
03:00:33.559 --> 03:00:39.639
commitment and ethics, In other words, reason, determination, promise and correct

2038
03:00:39.760 --> 03:00:46.120
use of freedom. A very significant
medical history. He is a 50-

2039
03:00:46.479 --> 03:00:50.559
year- old businessman who has won
a lot of money in his professional career.

2040
03:00:52.879 --> 03:00:56.280
He has the consultation following a rather
serious couple crisis, with which he

2041
03:00:56.399 --> 03:01:03.959
is now his third wife. She
tells us the following: I married for

2042
03:01:03.000 --> 03:01:07.559
the first time at forty- four
years of age at school. He was

2043
03:01:07.680 --> 03:01:11.799
an open- minded person, friend
of Bromas, organizer of parties and football

2044
03:01:11.879 --> 03:01:18.239
matches. I studied economics and took
two more years than usual to finish the

2045
03:01:18.319 --> 03:01:22.319
race, because I dedicated myself to
having fun and having fun. At twenty

2046
03:01:22.000 --> 03:01:26.319
- seven I got into the business
world, first with an uncle of mine

2047
03:01:26.440 --> 03:01:31.280
became a partner. The beginnings were
difficult, but little by little we settled

2048
03:01:31.319 --> 03:01:37.079
down and a few years later,
our company was quite solvent. I went

2049
03:01:37.120 --> 03:01:41.200
out with a lot of women and
I was only interested in sex. I

2050
03:01:41.280 --> 03:01:45.760
don' t know if you psychiatrists
call that obsession, but sex was my

2051
03:01:45.840 --> 03:01:50.040
priority goal. After my job.
The love conquest was my hobby and that

2052
03:01:50.159 --> 03:01:54.200
' s what I spent all my
free time doing. I had sex with

2053
03:01:54.319 --> 03:01:58.399
all kinds of women. On many
occasions it was only a goal challenge.

2054
03:02:00.879 --> 03:02:05.840
Get that hard girl and sleep with
her. Forty- one years old,

2055
03:02:05.239 --> 03:02:09.600
I had a serious girlfriend who wanted
to marry me. I promised him I

2056
03:02:09.719 --> 03:02:11.120
' d do it, but at
the time of truth I got scared.

2057
03:02:11.520 --> 03:02:15.959
I was afraid of losing my freedom
and after a very harsh situation in which

2058
03:02:16.040 --> 03:02:20.360
she and her family seriously offended me
we broke up, that left me marked,

2059
03:02:22.120 --> 03:02:26.120
perhaps by those personal disqualifications that I
had never heard before. I spent

2060
03:02:26.159 --> 03:02:31.280
more than a year locked up in
my work and disinterested women. This coincided

2061
03:02:31.360 --> 03:02:35.120
with the expansion of my company and
the need to make many trips, both

2062
03:02:35.239 --> 03:02:41.680
within Spain and abroad. On one
of these trips to the south of France,

2063
03:02:41.360 --> 03:02:46.399
some friends invited me to spend a
few days in Nisa. That'

2064
03:02:46.479 --> 03:02:50.159
s where I met my first wife. He was twenty- four years old

2065
03:02:50.239 --> 03:02:56.200
and had just finished English philology.
It was Parisina and had lived for a

2066
03:02:56.280 --> 03:03:00.200
year in the United States. I
was impressed by her beauty to stop or

2067
03:03:00.360 --> 03:03:03.639
to make a film actress, though
somewhat shy. She was very smart and

2068
03:03:03.719 --> 03:03:07.520
very different from the women she had
known so far. I was surprised at

2069
03:03:07.639 --> 03:03:11.120
the little he listened to me,
and that was for me a cicate.

2070
03:03:11.159 --> 03:03:16.319
After a full- blown chase,
I started dating her and when she returned

2071
03:03:16.399 --> 03:03:20.159
to work in Paris, I traveled
frequently to see her and little by little

2072
03:03:20.280 --> 03:03:24.959
our relationship was consolidated. After nine
months of courtship, he asked me to

2073
03:03:26.000 --> 03:03:28.680
marry him. I didn' t
expect it. I wanted to keep my

2074
03:03:28.840 --> 03:03:33.879
life free forever and that' s
all, but my parents knew her.

2075
03:03:33.280 --> 03:03:37.920
It made a good impression and after
a few tense weeks, because I didn

2076
03:03:37.000 --> 03:03:43.440
' t decide to take the step, we got married very soon I realized

2077
03:03:43.520 --> 03:03:46.399
that I had been wrong, because
she worked alone in the morning and I

2078
03:03:46.479 --> 03:03:50.879
all day We came to live in
Barcelona and didn' t fit well with

2079
03:03:50.959 --> 03:03:58.879
any of my friends. The discussions
began the days without speaking to us boredom

2080
03:03:58.920 --> 03:04:01.959
before the year. We didn'
t know apart. I spent a few

2081
03:04:03.040 --> 03:04:07.680
very bad months, drinking a lot
and with a somewhat chaotic life. I

2082
03:04:07.680 --> 03:04:11.559
went to a major bump at work. At the age of seven months,

2083
03:04:11.040 --> 03:04:16.239
a new secretary came to work in
my office, whom I had been recommended

2084
03:04:16.239 --> 03:04:20.200
by acquaintances. I was 30 years
old. I liked it from the first

2085
03:04:20.319 --> 03:04:26.239
moment I saw it was beautiful and
effective. When I found out I had

2086
03:04:26.399 --> 03:04:28.760
a boyfriend, I was very upset, but I couldn' t say why.

2087
03:04:30.719 --> 03:04:33.280
I don' t think at any
time she came up with anything with

2088
03:04:33.360 --> 03:04:37.319
me, although I was attracted to
her and I started inviting her out for

2089
03:04:37.319 --> 03:04:43.360
coffee. Coinciding with my birthday,
he reluctantly agreed to share a dinner.

2090
03:04:43.719 --> 03:04:48.879
We went to a fancy place I
had chosen that night. I tried to

2091
03:04:48.959 --> 03:04:52.479
kiss her and even have sex,
but she told me she wasn' t

2092
03:04:52.479 --> 03:04:56.000
getting married. In a few months. That angered me more and made me

2093
03:04:56.079 --> 03:05:03.559
concentrate all my strength on conquering her
gift cards and one day I don'

2094
03:05:03.639 --> 03:05:07.040
t know very well how she told
me she had broken up with her boyfriend.

2095
03:05:09.079 --> 03:05:11.920
Then I saw the sky open and
in a few months he came to

2096
03:05:13.399 --> 03:05:18.520
live in my house. At first, it was all like a romantic movie.

2097
03:05:18.879 --> 03:05:24.680
I remember those times with a huge
nostalgia, over time we entered into

2098
03:05:24.840 --> 03:05:28.120
a peaceful and peaceful life. I
had almost run out of friends because of

2099
03:05:28.239 --> 03:05:33.719
the kind of life I had led. We spent some weekends in a small

2100
03:05:33.879 --> 03:05:37.639
country house. She liked reading,
and I haven' t read in a

2101
03:05:39.079 --> 03:05:43.239
long time. He had not been
educated like this, so he was not

2102
03:05:43.360 --> 03:05:48.879
used to it. She was losing
interest in sex and that made me in

2103
03:05:48.000 --> 03:05:54.879
a bad mood. Clashes, silences
and reproaches then arose, but without going

2104
03:05:54.319 --> 03:05:58.559
further. She was complaining that I
didn' t take care of her.

2105
03:06:00.559 --> 03:06:03.319
When I saw that things were getting
worse, I wanted to save the situation

2106
03:06:03.360 --> 03:06:07.120
by having a son, and I
did. The pregnancy was complicated and she

2107
03:06:07.200 --> 03:06:11.360
was disappointed. As for me,
maybe I wasn' t paying enough attention,

2108
03:06:13.000 --> 03:06:15.399
although whenever I came back from the
trip I brought him a gift.

2109
03:06:16.239 --> 03:06:20.959
At the end of the pregnancy,
he told me about separating us, which

2110
03:06:20.959 --> 03:06:24.479
left me wrong. I consulted with
my partner, who told me that I

2111
03:06:24.600 --> 03:06:28.079
saw her too serious for me to
separate myself that that was normal today and

2112
03:06:28.200 --> 03:06:33.079
nothing happened. I think it happened
the last few weeks before giving birth very

2113
03:06:33.159 --> 03:06:39.079
depressed, wanting nothing, crying frequently. The birth went well, but the

2114
03:06:39.200 --> 03:06:45.280
situation was very sad at the age
of four months. I didn' t

2115
03:06:45.399 --> 03:06:48.440
understand anything and went to consult a
psychiatrist who diagnosed me with depression and sent

2116
03:06:48.600 --> 03:06:54.639
me medication. Since I got a
lot worse, I left the drugs and

2117
03:06:54.639 --> 03:06:58.719
didn' t go back to the
office. Months later, on a business

2118
03:06:58.760 --> 03:07:01.440
trip to Sicily, I spent a
few days at the home of some friends,

2119
03:07:01.680 --> 03:07:05.959
of my friends, whom I hardly
knew. In Taormina, one of

2120
03:07:07.000 --> 03:07:11.040
the most beautiful places I have visited, I knew a twenty- five-

2121
03:07:11.520 --> 03:07:15.799
year- old psychologist just leaving the
university. Given my two previous failures,

2122
03:07:16.319 --> 03:07:20.399
I didn' t want to know
anything about new commitments at that time.

2123
03:07:20.479 --> 03:07:24.399
I began to read psychological self-
help books as men are from Mars.

2124
03:07:24.799 --> 03:07:28.559
The women of Venus J Gray,
in which I saw reflected many of my

2125
03:07:28.719 --> 03:07:35.879
previous mistakes and how to make your
Peaoc marriage work that I found more fun

2126
03:07:35.000 --> 03:07:39.200
and nice to have a psychologist next
door. It was funny and I wanted

2127
03:07:39.319 --> 03:07:45.200
her to explain to me some of
my reactions, to test me was skeptical

2128
03:07:45.280 --> 03:07:50.799
about love. I didn' t
believe in anything after my failed experiences and

2129
03:07:50.159 --> 03:07:54.760
I thought it would last as long
as it has to last. But it

2130
03:07:54.799 --> 03:07:58.319
happened that I had a car accident
coming from southern France. It was night

2131
03:07:58.319 --> 03:08:03.680
it was s ta or very tired
and I was giving heads. I got

2132
03:08:03.760 --> 03:08:07.600
off the road and realized at the
last minute. That' s why I

2133
03:08:07.600 --> 03:08:11.959
didn' t kill myself. Result
fractures in the sternum and ribs and many

2134
03:08:11.120 --> 03:08:16.079
bruised more. I spent almost a
month in the hospital and she came to

2135
03:08:16.200 --> 03:08:20.600
see me several times and gave me
books albums and despite my resistances, I

2136
03:08:20.680 --> 03:08:26.559
was conquered, I fell in love, but there came a time when she

2137
03:08:26.680 --> 03:08:31.440
stopped calling me and that surprised me. I' ve been missing for a

2138
03:08:31.520 --> 03:08:33.719
few weeks without any news and no
sign of life. I was thinking about

2139
03:08:35.120 --> 03:08:39.239
her, but I had great doubts. Faced with a third relationship, one

2140
03:08:39.319 --> 03:08:43.239
good day he showed up at my
house ready to spend his week on vacation.

2141
03:08:43.399 --> 03:08:46.719
I couldn' t say no,
so I got carried away and soon

2142
03:08:46.840 --> 03:08:52.440
after we were living together. I
wasn' t very convinced, but I

2143
03:08:52.520 --> 03:08:56.840
was forced. My business was expanding
and I was working more and more.

2144
03:08:58.120 --> 03:09:01.680
She or she would so n n
or bring her down in the afternoons with

2145
03:09:01.719 --> 03:09:05.079
a team of psychologists, but she
didn' t make any money and that

2146
03:09:05.079 --> 03:09:09.760
bothered me. In the mornings he
went out of shopping museums with his friends.

2147
03:09:09.879 --> 03:09:13.799
I had a lot of free time
and I, on the contrary,

2148
03:09:13.799 --> 03:09:16.639
lived overflowing. We only saw each
other on Saturday, afternoon and Sunday.

2149
03:09:18.079 --> 03:09:22.520
The relationship became more and more insultous, but what hurt me was that she

2150
03:09:22.600 --> 03:09:30.559
hardly needed to have sex. He
always said I was too rough. When

2151
03:09:30.600 --> 03:09:33.360
I meet his third wife. He
tells me he' s a very smart

2152
03:09:33.440 --> 03:09:37.319
man for business. He' s
made a lot of money, but he

2153
03:09:37.479 --> 03:09:43.200
treats employees very hard. Also,
in the relationship with me it is cold

2154
03:09:43.319 --> 03:09:46.639
and very critical. His initial image
has fallen on me and now I realize

2155
03:09:46.719 --> 03:09:50.159
that he is a difficult man,
but above all that he does not know

2156
03:09:50.159 --> 03:09:52.760
how to love, that he is
not prepared for it. I told you

2157
03:09:52.799 --> 03:09:58.360
first softly and later with anger,
which has irritated you a lot. After

2158
03:09:58.399 --> 03:10:03.799
a few months of cohabitation. I
think it' s best if we split

2159
03:10:03.920 --> 03:10:07.079
up The truth is, I'
ve fallen out of love. We are

2160
03:10:07.200 --> 03:10:13.079
facing a very representative case of contrast
between a good professional level and a marked

2161
03:10:13.200 --> 03:10:16.639
inability to love in separate interviews.
I ask both of you to make an

2162
03:10:16.719 --> 03:10:22.079
inventory of behaviors to modify, that
is, that they would remove and add

2163
03:10:22.120 --> 03:10:24.959
to each other' s personality and
behavior to try to fix the situation.

2164
03:10:26.959 --> 03:10:31.000
He comes to the following conclusions.
Apparently, I don' t know how

2165
03:10:31.000 --> 03:10:35.319
to love. It is one thing
to conquer by following a concrete dynamic that

2166
03:10:35.680 --> 03:10:41.280
ensures success and another rather different is
to consolidate authentic love. In my conquests

2167
03:10:41.399 --> 03:10:46.879
I have sought myself more than the
other person. One thing is successful with

2168
03:10:46.959 --> 03:10:54.040
women and another very different to keep
it accomplished. Audacity has nothing to do

2169
03:10:54.120 --> 03:10:58.760
with the pretension of building a strong
Conjugal relationship. My lack of genuine sentimental

2170
03:10:58.840 --> 03:11:05.680
education has resulted in my three failures. Even though my wife resists partner therapy

2171
03:11:05.760 --> 03:11:09.040
and the prognosis of the relationship is
bad, I will test certain behavior guidelines

2172
03:11:09.079 --> 03:11:18.760
to improve and change attitude. I' ll also start individual psychotherapy. The

2173
03:11:18.840 --> 03:11:22.399
diagnosis I' ve been given is
of emotional immaturity. It hurts to hear

2174
03:11:22.440 --> 03:11:26.959
this and I disagree enough about it, because I think the problem is in

2175
03:11:26.040 --> 03:11:30.479
my bad luck. In the case
of my third wife I' ve been

2176
03:11:30.600 --> 03:11:33.920
forced and I haven' t been
able to say no. The therapeutic team

2177
03:11:33.920 --> 03:11:39.520
has also spoken to me of an
inconsistent morl light, without solid principles and

2178
03:11:39.639 --> 03:11:43.440
of a macho background that has been
nefarious in establishing an equal communication with my

2179
03:11:43.520 --> 03:11:48.000
partners, Despite the bad initial prognosis
of the case, we motivated this man

2180
03:11:48.000 --> 03:11:54.760
to modify his macho attitudes, arrogance, authoritarianism, hard character and his conduct,

2181
03:11:54.159 --> 03:11:58.239
making him see that the same effort
that he had so many times put

2182
03:11:58.280 --> 03:12:03.000
in conquering a girl could now put
him in the reconquest of his wife,

2183
03:12:03.760 --> 03:12:09.520
starting almost zero and leaving his pride
aside. The change has been enormous and

2184
03:12:09.680 --> 03:12:13.600
she seems determined to continue, although
she fears that it is just a mirage,

2185
03:12:13.239 --> 03:12:20.479
an example of an immature global personality. As I have explained before,

2186
03:12:20.040 --> 03:12:24.280
total immaturity is very difficult to systematize, as it affects almost all important plots

2187
03:12:24.360 --> 03:12:30.959
of behavior. In many of the
personality disorders lies a background of immaturity.

2188
03:12:31.360 --> 03:12:35.239
Hence the scientific difficulty in typifying the
symptoms to be defined by the diagnosis.

2189
03:12:37.959 --> 03:12:41.040
Let' s look at the next
medical history. He is a thirty-

2190
03:12:41.399 --> 03:12:46.440
three- year- old man belonging
to a family of medium- high economic

2191
03:12:46.440 --> 03:12:50.840
status. He does not come to
the consultation, but his parents, who

2192
03:12:50.959 --> 03:12:54.479
also have two other children. His
mother tells us, we came to tell

2193
03:12:54.559 --> 03:12:58.920
him about our son, who is
not well, but we do not know

2194
03:12:58.920 --> 03:13:01.079
what happens to him. We'
re worried about the kind of life he

2195
03:13:01.079 --> 03:13:07.440
leads. His brothers have a university
career and he, who is the youngest,

2196
03:13:07.760 --> 03:13:11.319
did not start pharmacy and spent two
years in the first year. Then

2197
03:13:11.440 --> 03:13:16.479
he quit. He didn' t
study anything, but he liked the whole

2198
03:13:16.559 --> 03:13:20.520
college thing like his brothers. His
life today is next. He works at

2199
03:13:20.559 --> 03:13:24.440
my husband' s pharmacy, making
guards every five or six days. The

2200
03:13:24.520 --> 03:13:28.959
rest of the time he spends it
at home, listening to music with the

2201
03:13:28.000 --> 03:13:31.799
door of his room closed, because
he says for two months that he is

2202
03:13:31.959 --> 03:13:35.719
fixing it, although I see that
he has everything super messy. He doesn

2203
03:13:35.840 --> 03:13:41.600
' t go out with friends,
because he almost doesn' t have one,

2204
03:13:41.600 --> 03:13:43.559
and recently he' s had two
disturbing episodes. The first was that

2205
03:13:43.600 --> 03:13:48.479
some young people went to the pharmacy
to ask for drugs and were very laughing.

2206
03:13:48.879 --> 03:13:50.920
He thought they laughed at him and
talked as if they knew him and

2207
03:13:50.959 --> 03:13:56.079
despised him. She had such a
bad time, she called the police,

2208
03:13:56.440 --> 03:14:00.600
but she arrived when the others were
gone. He filed a complaint that he

2209
03:14:00.719 --> 03:14:05.479
later withdrew. The second event was
so. A sister of hers invited two

2210
03:14:05.559 --> 03:14:09.600
friends to spend the weekend. He' s a year older than he'

2211
03:14:09.719 --> 03:14:13.040
s single and works in another city. Like my son. He' s

2212
03:14:13.120 --> 03:14:18.280
very shy and withdrawn and he'
s never dated girls, except where we

2213
03:14:18.360 --> 03:14:22.239
used to spend the summer and always
in Pandilla. Ever since her sister'

2214
03:14:22.319 --> 03:14:24.959
s friends arrived, she began to
think that they looked at him badly,

2215
03:14:26.479 --> 03:14:28.239
that they laughed at him because they
thought he was gay and light- headed.

2216
03:14:30.280 --> 03:14:35.200
We know that they did not make
any allusion in that regard. The

2217
03:14:35.280 --> 03:14:39.319
father points out our son. It' s decayed like sad and off.

2218
03:14:39.760 --> 03:14:43.920
He speaks little and locks himself in
his room hours and hours. When he

2219
03:14:43.000 --> 03:14:46.200
goes to the pharmacy, he works
well, but he says he gets tired

2220
03:14:46.200 --> 03:14:50.440
right away. The relationship with the
teeth is rather dry. He rarely entertains

2221
03:14:50.479 --> 03:14:54.879
himself by chatting with them. A
couple of weeks ago we told him he

2222
03:14:56.000 --> 03:14:58.760
needs to go to the doctor,
although we dare not use the word psychiatrist,

2223
03:15:00.360 --> 03:15:03.000
because he is very sensitive and jealous
of his intimacy. He refuses to

2224
03:15:03.079 --> 03:15:07.719
come arguing that he' s not
nervous, that nothing happens to him,

2225
03:15:07.040 --> 03:15:11.959
that he only makes his life.
At the request of the parents about a

2226
03:15:13.040 --> 03:15:16.799
possible diagnosis, I would like to
comment on the following. We are facing

2227
03:15:16.920 --> 03:15:22.680
a personality disorder, without specifying that
a priori it can be by avoidance,

2228
03:15:22.040 --> 03:15:26.200
given the difficulty of your child to
establish healthy relationships with friends and acquaintances,

2229
03:15:26.680 --> 03:15:31.719
paranoid, as there are some indicators
of suspicion in the account of the facts

2230
03:15:31.840 --> 03:15:35.159
the boys going to the pharmacy or
the supposed laughter of the friends of his

2231
03:15:35.239 --> 03:15:39.239
immature sister because of the type of
life that leads and the lack of awareness

2232
03:15:39.440 --> 03:15:46.879
regarding their psychopathological problems. A second
more accurate diagnosis, paranoid depression, with

2233
03:15:46.959 --> 03:15:52.959
manifestations of sadness, apathy and sickly
distrust, can also be added. It

2234
03:15:52.120 --> 03:15:56.040
is important to get the child to
come to the consultation. To do this,

2235
03:15:56.239 --> 03:16:00.760
the best thing is to design a
strategy with which you don' t

2236
03:16:00.799 --> 03:16:05.520
feel prescind, otherwise you won'
t finally make it present and dedicate almost

2237
03:16:05.719 --> 03:16:09.920
the entire interview to your mother.
He is a tall, long- haired

2238
03:16:11.040 --> 03:16:13.520
young man, with an elongated face
and distant eyes, with a lost and

2239
03:16:13.520 --> 03:16:20.680
soulless look. Both their introversion and
defensive mechanisms are diaphanous. His monosyllabic responses

2240
03:16:20.799 --> 03:16:24.399
do not invite the slightest dialogue,
so I asked him for information about his

2241
03:16:24.520 --> 03:16:28.879
mother and the rest of the family. In writing. The second interview,

2242
03:16:30.319 --> 03:16:35.280
in which he officially accompanies his mother, is already more relaxed. I ask

2243
03:16:35.360 --> 03:16:37.479
you about your mood, the kind
of life you lead, and your future.

2244
03:16:39.079 --> 03:16:43.200
We conducted a long interview that gives
us the opportunity to ask you for

2245
03:16:43.280 --> 03:16:48.920
more details about your personality. He
tells us I have come mainly to help

2246
03:16:48.000 --> 03:16:52.600
my mother, who is nervous and
not eating well I am calm. I

2247
03:16:52.719 --> 03:16:56.600
like to make my life. I
have few friends because I have suffered a

2248
03:16:56.680 --> 03:17:01.239
series of disappointments. There are people
who are the ones who want to hurt

2249
03:17:01.319 --> 03:17:05.200
me and that' s why I' d rather stay home. There is

2250
03:17:05.280 --> 03:17:11.079
an important surprise that shows us a
key feature of his personality. Asking him

2251
03:17:11.159 --> 03:17:15.000
about his future, he tells us
I want to start the pharmacy career again,

2252
03:17:15.399 --> 03:17:18.120
because I like that job and I
think I' m good for it.

2253
03:17:18.159 --> 03:17:22.840
One of the characteristics of immature personality
is not being in reality. He

2254
03:17:22.959 --> 03:17:26.600
does not appreciate that he has lost
the habit of studying, which has been

2255
03:17:26.639 --> 03:17:31.559
reading almost nothing for about three years. In these conditions, it is very

2256
03:17:31.600 --> 03:17:35.920
difficult for him to take advantage of
the time and have the discipline to sit

2257
03:17:35.079 --> 03:17:39.680
in front of the books and surrender. Besides, he' s not aware

2258
03:17:39.159 --> 03:17:43.280
that even by passing every year,
he' d finish the race. This

2259
03:17:45.239 --> 03:17:46.639
is the beginning of a debate with
him, who is of the opinion.

2260
03:17:48.040 --> 03:17:50.600
I don' t accept what you
say, because I know that if I

2261
03:17:50.680 --> 03:17:54.239
want to, I' ll study
and get everything out, although at first

2262
03:17:54.239 --> 03:17:56.600
it will cost me a lot.
And with regard to age, that doesn

2263
03:17:56.600 --> 03:18:01.399
' t worry me as much in
clinical interviews as in the different tests.

2264
03:18:01.280 --> 03:18:07.239
His personality is going well with da. Three very marked features stand out.

2265
03:18:07.719 --> 03:18:11.559
Insecurity, low, self- esteem, lack of confidence in one' s

2266
03:18:11.559 --> 03:18:15.040
own inferiority complex. He compares a
lot with others and this has led him

2267
03:18:15.120 --> 03:18:20.000
to give free rein to his imagination, escaping along this path and developing idyllic

2268
03:18:20.120 --> 03:18:24.120
situations far from his real life,
inability to be in reality, which leads

2269
03:18:24.159 --> 03:18:30.239
him to want to start his university
career again. We propose an alternative solution

2270
03:18:30.600 --> 03:18:33.319
that studies a career of only two
years graduated in pharmacy, with which you

2271
03:18:33.399 --> 03:18:41.319
can work in the family business.
He refuses because he doesn' t think

2272
03:18:41.479 --> 03:18:48.200
so. We also suggest that you
take a medication to stabilize an antidepressant with

2273
03:18:48.719 --> 03:18:52.799
a selective action on 11 disinhibition,
which will help you get loose with people

2274
03:18:52.920 --> 03:19:01.079
and communicate better. We also added
a hypnotic to improve sleep quality. He

2275
03:19:01.200 --> 03:19:03.920
returns to consult at two weeks and
his mother says the change has been huge.

2276
03:19:05.479 --> 03:19:09.239
He' s better off in a
more talkative mood. He laughs,

2277
03:19:09.959 --> 03:19:13.639
he wants to do things. He
admits he' s better but not too

2278
03:19:13.639 --> 03:19:20.760
much. We then initiate cognitive behavioral
therapy, whose main psychological objectives are as

2279
03:19:20.840 --> 03:19:24.440
follows. I have to be more
realistic. I have to take into account

2280
03:19:24.520 --> 03:19:28.520
my years, my kind of life, my real possibilities, to resume studies,

2281
03:19:28.799 --> 03:19:37.159
etcetera. That means I have to
gradually change my mind. I can

2282
03:19:37.239 --> 03:19:39.479
' t spend my days locked up
in my room. That' s not

2283
03:19:39.479 --> 03:19:43.559
living. Besides, I' ve
been fixing my room for months with terrible

2284
03:19:43.559 --> 03:19:50.040
slowness. Given my obsessive background,
I need to accept that I should take

2285
03:19:50.159 --> 03:19:54.760
anti- depression medication. It would
be a mistake to leave her, especially

2286
03:19:54.799 --> 03:19:58.920
now that I have noticed some improvement. It is also essential that you receive

2287
03:19:58.920 --> 03:20:03.760
psychotherapy. So I can improve my
personality. Continuity in treatment is essential.

2288
03:20:07.479 --> 03:20:11.600
I must fight to achieve the following
goals, not compare myself with others,

2289
03:20:11.399 --> 03:20:16.200
learn to take advantage of time,
read some books again, overcome the fear

2290
03:20:16.319 --> 03:20:22.719
to which they will say expand my
circle of relationships, intensify my will as

2291
03:20:22.799 --> 03:20:26.680
psychotherapy progresses. He recognizes what is
happening to him and knows what he has

2292
03:20:26.799 --> 03:20:30.520
to do, but he finds it
very difficult to carry it out twelve times

2293
03:20:30.600 --> 03:20:33.239
since to date it has been a
very impractical person for life, it is

2294
03:20:33.319 --> 03:20:37.680
very difficult for him to move from
ideas to action. This is another feature

2295
03:20:37.719 --> 03:20:43.200
of her immaturity, since her will
is little trained. We recommend small goals,

2296
03:20:43.680 --> 03:20:48.239
very concrete and realistic goals, stuck
to the day as the only way

2297
03:20:48.360 --> 03:20:52.879
not to fail. His lack of
realism has very often led him to think

2298
03:20:54.000 --> 03:21:00.319
of too ambitious plans that are then
left at nothing, when the purposes so

2299
03:21:00.399 --> 03:21:05.319
unfettered. I' m going to
present Luisa' s medical history below.

2300
03:21:05.840 --> 03:21:11.879
This is a 27- year-
old girl, single at a low-

2301
03:21:11.159 --> 03:21:13.799
middle socio- economic level. She' s the little one of three sisters.

2302
03:21:16.000 --> 03:21:20.559
His widowed mother lives on her pension
and a few rents. Luis studies

2303
03:21:20.639 --> 03:21:26.280
biologicals, but his academic career has
been bad. He took the first course

2304
03:21:26.360 --> 03:21:30.159
in two years, the second in
three and when he comes to the consultation

2305
03:21:30.319 --> 03:21:33.959
leads to two more. Third,
she accompanies her mother, who is the

2306
03:21:33.120 --> 03:21:37.479
one who tells us the reason for
her visit. I' m here to

2307
03:21:37.639 --> 03:21:43.600
talk to you about my daughter because
she' s very worried about me She

2308
03:21:43.719 --> 03:21:45.280
' s very ill at school,
and her behavior is very rebellious. He

2309
03:21:45.399 --> 03:21:48.079
' s been using drugs quite a
few times. He started with the joints

2310
03:21:48.159 --> 03:21:52.120
and then he' s been on
cocaine for a while, because I'

2311
03:21:52.120 --> 03:21:56.000
ve seen the paper. He has
some very negative friends who do nothing,

2312
03:21:56.239 --> 03:22:03.040
neither study nor work. The worst
thing has been that lately he has stolen

2313
03:22:03.120 --> 03:22:07.479
money at home and also from relatives
he has gone to visit. We'

2314
03:22:07.559 --> 03:22:09.719
ve taken a psychologist, but she
hasn' t been able to do anything

2315
03:22:09.719 --> 03:22:15.840
with her. Luisa, for her
part, tells us I have come because

2316
03:22:15.920 --> 03:22:20.079
I want you to tell me what
I am, but I don' t

2317
03:22:20.079 --> 03:22:22.680
need a psychiatrist yet. I went
to a psychologist three times and he didn

2318
03:22:24.000 --> 03:22:26.520
' t convince me, and even
though my mother insisted on me coming back,

2319
03:22:26.520 --> 03:22:30.920
I totally refused. That' s
how part of the interview happened.

2320
03:22:31.319 --> 03:22:37.479
Why do you think you don'
t need psychological help, because I'

2321
03:22:37.479 --> 03:22:41.280
m perfectly fine. The problem is, I don' t like to study,

2322
03:22:41.680 --> 03:22:45.040
I get tired, and that makes
my mother very angry. You consider

2323
03:22:45.159 --> 03:22:50.319
yourself a psychologically healthy person. I
think so, I have my character and

2324
03:22:50.399 --> 03:22:54.040
my friends, and my family doesn' t like that, because they'

2325
03:22:54.040 --> 03:22:56.079
re very classic. If you don' t understand that every now and then

2326
03:22:56.159 --> 03:23:01.000
I smoke a joint or drink some
cocaine, but you just spend the day

2327
03:23:01.079 --> 03:23:05.399
giving me advice and telling me what
to do. I' m sick of

2328
03:23:05.479 --> 03:23:09.799
them and I' d rather leave
home, but I don' t have

2329
03:23:09.799 --> 03:23:13.840
a job or money. Why are
you so late in school? You'

2330
03:23:13.920 --> 03:23:18.360
ve been around for many years and
you' re still in the middle of

2331
03:23:18.440 --> 03:23:20.959
the race, because I don'
t feel like studying. It costs me

2332
03:23:22.360 --> 03:23:26.520
a lot to go to class usually, sometimes yes and sometimes no. Teachers

2333
03:23:26.639 --> 03:23:31.520
are bad and I' m bored
in classes. When you go to class,

2334
03:23:33.000 --> 03:23:35.719
you take notes. You' re
careful, you' re in class.

2335
03:23:37.319 --> 03:23:39.799
I don' t usually take notes. Also, as I have repeated

2336
03:23:39.920 --> 03:23:46.319
each course, the classmates are new
and I only know some people. It

2337
03:23:46.479 --> 03:23:50.239
' s a shame you abandoned yourself
so much. I don' t know

2338
03:23:50.479 --> 03:23:52.879
I want to go on like this. We' ll see what happens.

2339
03:23:54.399 --> 03:23:58.520
After long interviews, various tests and
appointments with Luisa' s mother and her

2340
03:23:58.600 --> 03:24:03.040
two sisters, we go for the
diagnosis of immature personality. The dialogue with

2341
03:24:03.159 --> 03:24:07.120
her shows that she does not find
a response to solvents that justify her situation.

2342
03:24:09.600 --> 03:24:13.440
After all these days of conversation,
I want to give you a diagnosis.

2343
03:24:13.799 --> 03:24:20.440
If you agree, you have an
immature personality, and that means exactly

2344
03:24:20.520 --> 03:24:26.879
that you don' t know what
you want, that you demand very little,

2345
03:24:26.159 --> 03:24:30.959
that your will is almost virgin,
that you don' t have educated

2346
03:24:31.079 --> 03:24:33.559
study habits, that you are disordered
and you move by his law I feel

2347
03:24:33.600 --> 03:24:39.159
like you don' t know how
to choose your friendships, that you don

2348
03:24:39.239 --> 03:24:41.120
' t distinguish between the people that
suit you and those that harm you.

2349
03:24:41.159 --> 03:24:45.719
As you' ve told me yourself, it' s the same with the

2350
03:24:45.799 --> 03:24:48.520
kids you' ve dated. One
got you into the joint world, another

2351
03:24:48.520 --> 03:24:52.920
almost got you pregnant. With the
last one. You had a serious car

2352
03:24:52.000 --> 03:24:58.000
accident that you miraculously came out of
unharmed. In short, you seem to

2353
03:24:58.120 --> 03:25:05.040
be 14 or 15 years old.
Yeah, I realize that. Now I

2354
03:25:05.120 --> 03:25:09.000
don' t know what to say
Maybe this is my destiny. That is

2355
03:25:09.120 --> 03:25:15.239
not a coherent answer. Things don' t just happen by chance, but

2356
03:25:15.360 --> 03:25:18.319
because you get carried away and you' re very influential. You don'

2357
03:25:18.360 --> 03:25:24.000
t have firm behavioral criteria. If
you move through momentary impulses. In the

2358
03:25:24.040 --> 03:25:28.520
behavior program designed by the therapeutic team, the most important psychological objectives were framed

2359
03:25:28.639 --> 03:25:35.840
that I then discuss exercising the will
on a daily basis. I have to

2360
03:25:35.920 --> 03:25:39.159
start with small purposes very well defined
and run away from thinking great things.

2361
03:25:41.360 --> 03:25:46.440
The challenge now is to fight for
concrete things, to go to class every

2362
03:25:46.520 --> 03:25:50.959
day and take advantage of the time
to take notes, to be attentive,

2363
03:25:52.399 --> 03:25:54.959
to intervene, to avoid distractions,
to be more disciplined, to study with

2364
03:25:54.959 --> 03:25:58.079
method. Even though I' m
not used to it and at first it

2365
03:25:58.079 --> 03:26:01.280
costs me a lot. I must
apply to this task and not give up

2366
03:26:03.959 --> 03:26:07.120
correcting the alcohol trend. I know
it hurts a lot, but I consume

2367
03:26:07.239 --> 03:26:11.959
it because I let myself be carried
away by my group of friends to change.

2368
03:26:11.079 --> 03:26:16.040
I have to learn to say I' m not willing to try.

2369
03:26:16.440 --> 03:26:22.799
Not consuming joints and cocaine leads nowhere
positive. In due course. I wanted

2370
03:26:22.879 --> 03:26:28.719
to experience new things to know myself
more. But now I must choose another

2371
03:26:28.719 --> 03:26:33.719
path, act but know how to
postpone the reward. This is the pattern

2372
03:26:33.840 --> 03:26:39.719
that should govern my conduct. So
far I' ve sought immediate benefits,

2373
03:26:39.159 --> 03:26:43.719
very quick gratifications to order my life. I must turn my habits around completely,

2374
03:26:45.280 --> 03:26:50.000
set the time to lie down and
get up, keep the hours clean

2375
03:26:50.079 --> 03:26:54.559
my room not to be so influential. I have to go on acquiring more

2376
03:26:54.639 --> 03:26:58.639
solid and consistent criteria than I have
had so far. I have lived tyrannized

2377
03:26:58.879 --> 03:27:03.040
by him the others, but now
I must modify my ideas and develop new

2378
03:27:03.159 --> 03:27:09.479
rules that give me another style of
behavior to stabilize the mood. I have

2379
03:27:09.559 --> 03:27:13.879
to achieve a less unequal mood with
fewer ups and downs, remembering that these

2380
03:27:13.959 --> 03:27:18.600
oscillations obey external factors, such as
the influence of the people around me and

2381
03:27:18.719 --> 03:27:24.079
internal ones. Stabilizing my judgment cannot
change my mind overnight, because this does

2382
03:27:24.239 --> 03:27:30.280
not allow me to settle down.
I have to follow the indications received in

2383
03:27:30.280 --> 03:27:35.479
this regard, to have better models
of identity in psychotherapy. I' ve

2384
03:27:35.559 --> 03:27:39.799
been working on looking at positive things
and behaviors to copy them that I find

2385
03:27:39.799 --> 03:27:45.040
interesting. The administration of anxiolytics to
combat internal unrest was added to this action

2386
03:27:45.079 --> 03:27:50.440
plan. Although Luisa has had several
relapses into the issue of cocaine and problems

2387
03:27:50.559 --> 03:27:56.639
when studying, her evolution has been
quite positive. Two years after starting treatment,

2388
03:27:56.840 --> 03:28:01.079
she was able to complete her studies
and seek her first job. Main

2389
03:28:01.159 --> 03:28:07.200
indicators of immature personality. The psychological
signs that put us on the track that

2390
03:28:07.280 --> 03:28:13.760
we are facing an immature personality are
the following gap between the chronological age and

2391
03:28:13.840 --> 03:28:18.799
the mental age. This is one
of the most striking manifestations. In a

2392
03:28:18.959 --> 03:28:26.360
first approach, the passage of the
years must precisely be positioned in the temporary

2393
03:28:26.520 --> 03:28:33.239
reality of ignorance of oneself. One
of the rules of the Greek hero was

2394
03:28:33.360 --> 03:28:37.760
to know himself. No. If
this psychological failure is allowed, it means

2395
03:28:37.799 --> 03:28:43.959
not knowing what our skills and limitations
are, which leads us to embark on

2396
03:28:43.079 --> 03:28:48.680
impossible companies, thirteen without a future, and not to risk ourselves when circumstances

2397
03:28:48.680 --> 03:28:54.639
show a certain possibility. Emotional instability
is expressed by changes in mood, moving

2398
03:28:54.760 --> 03:29:03.040
from euphoria to melancholy overnight and even
on the same day. This must be

2399
03:29:03.120 --> 03:29:07.799
clearly distinguished from the mental oscillations characteristic
of the so- called bipolar depressions or

2400
03:29:09.040 --> 03:29:13.120
depressive manic psychosis fourteen to which we
have already referred, while the former are

2401
03:29:13.200 --> 03:29:18.280
essentially psychological, the latter obey biological
patterns. The immature person is variable,

2402
03:29:18.639 --> 03:29:22.879
irregular. Their feelings move and swing
in a pendulum way, which makes one

2403
03:29:24.000 --> 03:29:30.040
never know how to react to that
changeable fragility. Fifteen is a very characteristic

2404
03:29:30.079 --> 03:29:33.479
note, the origin of which must
be looked at in two respects. A

2405
03:29:33.600 --> 03:29:37.799
susceptibility almost sick and a hypertrophy of
the private mental languages that take the subject

2406
03:29:37.879 --> 03:29:43.840
from here to there, making scenarios
that only exist in his head little or

2407
03:29:43.959 --> 03:29:50.760
no. Responsibility. As I indicated
earlier, immaturity has levels the same as

2408
03:29:50.840 --> 03:29:56.719
any other psychological aspect. The term
liability comes from Latin. I' ll

2409
03:29:56.879 --> 03:30:01.760
answer what it means to answer,
promise, satisfy to do. A person

2410
03:30:01.879 --> 03:30:07.520
is responsible when he strives to fulfill
the obligations he has previously drawn In a

2411
03:30:07.600 --> 03:30:11.680
realistic way, Plato stated that each
is the cause of his own choice and

2412
03:30:11.959 --> 03:30:16.079
Cervantes, through Don Quixote, remembers
that each one is the son of his

2413
03:30:16.200 --> 03:30:24.239
works. Freedom and responsibility constitute an
inseparable binomial. This means that there are

2414
03:30:24.280 --> 03:30:30.760
no firm standards of conduct without fidelity
to the commitments made. Bad onu.

2415
03:30:30.840 --> 03:30:35.639
The perception of reality, the incorrect
grasping of oneself and of the environment leads

2416
03:30:35.719 --> 03:30:39.159
us to develop a disadapted behavior,
both intrapersonal, lack of harmony with oneself

2417
03:30:39.319 --> 03:30:45.200
and interpersonal, inadequate contact with others
and erroneous assessment of distances, which results

2418
03:30:45.239 --> 03:30:50.159
in negative aspects such as excessive or
pathological dependence, disappointment in trusting people with

2419
03:30:50.440 --> 03:30:56.079
whom we have only little and superficial
treatment. In a word, being in

2420
03:30:56.159 --> 03:31:01.159
reality means having the ability to see
things as they really are, both in

2421
03:31:01.520 --> 03:31:07.360
the personal as well as in the
professional, social or cultural family. Absence

2422
03:31:07.479 --> 03:31:11.760
of a project of life, love, work and culture. Life doesn'

2423
03:31:11.879 --> 03:31:16.360
t improvise. It needs a certain
organization, a scheme that designs the future

2424
03:31:16.440 --> 03:31:20.840
and that is based on the three
great arguments that I have already pointed out,

2425
03:31:22.079 --> 03:31:24.680
love, work and culture. The
immature person hasn' t dug deep

2426
03:31:24.760 --> 03:31:28.920
into any of them. His sentimental
life is not well structured and, consequently,

2427
03:31:30.520 --> 03:31:35.040
floats without a professional hold. No
realistic and demanding challenges or goals have

2428
03:31:35.079 --> 03:31:39.200
been set. Therefore, it only
covers the file. As for culture,

2429
03:31:39.360 --> 03:31:46.200
it is fed by topical television and
common places. In conclusion, his life

2430
03:31:46.319 --> 03:31:52.399
lacks content, lack of affective maturity, understanding that it is in what it

2431
03:31:52.520 --> 03:31:56.760
consists and how it vertebrates our life. The world of affectivity is essential by

2432
03:31:58.760 --> 03:32:01.840
love has a sense of life users, but there is no love without renunciations.

2433
03:32:03.520 --> 03:32:07.440
At the same time, it is
important to know that no one can

2434
03:32:07.440 --> 03:32:11.000
be absolute to another. Eternal love
does not exist. What does exist is

2435
03:32:11.200 --> 03:32:16.280
love worked day by day. To
love does not mean to have sweet feelings,

2436
03:32:16.479 --> 03:32:20.479
but to turn to the other in
the small things of each day,

2437
03:32:20.879 --> 03:32:24.440
starting again whenever necessary, to put
the best of oneself at the service of

2438
03:32:24.559 --> 03:32:33.920
our partner. Affective maturity involves essentially
three things. To know that every affective

2439
03:32:33.040 --> 03:32:37.000
commitment has a having and a weak, that is, positive and negative things.

2440
03:32:39.159 --> 03:32:43.280
Consequently, skills must be acquired so
that the Conjugal life has the ability

2441
03:32:43.319 --> 03:32:48.079
to react in difficult times. Affective
versatility appeals first to desire rather than to

2442
03:32:48.159 --> 03:32:52.159
the whim of will, and that
leads to being dragged away by the rewarding

2443
03:32:52.239 --> 03:32:58.639
supremacy of the moment. Achieving better
self- control self- government is a

2444
03:32:58.920 --> 03:33:05.399
good aspiration. Unlike the animal that
gets dragged in. Man prefers to choose

2445
03:33:05.799 --> 03:33:11.559
to say no to what hinders his
self- realization, self- control and

2446
03:33:11.639 --> 03:33:16.280
optimization of possibilities make us more free
to achieve a good level of self-

2447
03:33:16.639 --> 03:33:22.319
esteem. One of the clearest features
of immaturity is insecurity, which consists of

2448
03:33:22.440 --> 03:33:28.600
both a negative and inadequate assessment of
oneself and a lack of confidence. Consequently,

2449
03:33:28.200 --> 03:33:33.239
the immature does not believe in himself, sometimes justifiably and sometimes because of

2450
03:33:33.360 --> 03:33:35.840
his distorted perception of things, he
does not see himself able to direct his

2451
03:33:37.000 --> 03:33:41.399
own feelings correctly, to motivate himself
or to achieve stable friendships, accepting in

2452
03:33:41.399 --> 03:33:50.520
each of them his positive and negative
traits lack of maturity of intelligence. Intelligence

2453
03:33:50.600 --> 03:33:54.959
is, along with affectivity, the
most important block of psychological tools in our

2454
03:33:56.079 --> 03:34:01.079
psychological heritage. There is a natural
intelligence, which is the endowment that each

2455
03:34:01.159 --> 03:34:07.000
one has and which, to a
large extent, is hereditary and a cultivated

2456
03:34:07.079 --> 03:34:11.319
intelligence that comes from years of study
and inner enrichment that is achieved through repeated

2457
03:34:11.479 --> 03:34:16.639
efforts seventeen thanks to continuous nutrition.
Both must be well harmonized and manage intelligent

2458
03:34:16.760 --> 03:34:22.399
behaviour, one that knows how to
focus a topic, reason and make proper

2459
03:34:22.479 --> 03:34:26.559
judgments, solve the problems that arise, move towards a dignified and coherent personal

2460
03:34:26.680 --> 03:34:35.000
realization in computer terms, receive information, code it properly and provide valid and

2461
03:34:35.040 --> 03:34:41.920
effective answers. Other types of intelligence
that I just leave pointed out are the

2462
03:34:43.440 --> 03:34:50.280
following theoretical, social practice, analytic, synthetic, discursive, mathematical, instrumental,

2463
03:34:50.639 --> 03:34:56.760
order, constancy, will, motivation, Phoenician for emotional musical business,

2464
03:34:56.799 --> 03:35:03.399
helps to pilot feelings with spontaneous provoked, creative, analogic, methodical skill and

2465
03:35:03.520 --> 03:35:07.959
that which I would call intelligence for
life little or no education of the will.

2466
03:35:09.520 --> 03:35:13.879
Will is the ability to accomplish something
by knowing how to postpone. The

2467
03:35:13.959 --> 03:35:20.600
reward is a jewel that adorns the
personality. Their lack has devastating effects,

2468
03:35:20.079 --> 03:35:26.200
since it makes the subject weak,
soft, fickle, capricious, unable to

2469
03:35:26.239 --> 03:35:31.520
set concrete goals and fulfill them.
It is the image of the spoiled child

2470
03:35:31.680 --> 03:35:35.559
that produces so much sorrow in the
immature personality. There is an exaltation of

2471
03:35:35.680 --> 03:35:39.319
the instant and a vertigo for the
immediate. The need for an early reward

2472
03:35:39.440 --> 03:35:45.399
prevents you from giving up the demands
of the environment and an individual who has

2473
03:35:45.440 --> 03:35:50.079
not learned to overcome himself, but
to follow his immediate impulses, abandons things

2474
03:35:50.200 --> 03:35:56.440
when it becomes minimally difficult? What
does this mean? Two very sharp notes.

2475
03:35:56.000 --> 03:36:01.239
Low tolerance for frustrations, that is, being a bad loser and tending

2476
03:36:01.319 --> 03:36:07.280
to take refuge in a fantastic world
that takes unstable moral and ethical criteria away

2477
03:36:07.440 --> 03:36:11.280
from reality. Morality is a region
of reality that must aspire to be objective.

2478
03:36:13.000 --> 03:36:16.399
Ethics, for its part, is
a word derived from the Greek Ethos

2479
03:36:16.440 --> 03:36:22.000
and which means the usual way of
acting character custom. Both terms are used

2480
03:36:22.040 --> 03:36:26.559
as synonyms. Morality is the art
of living with dignity as human beings,

2481
03:36:28.000 --> 03:36:31.399
educating the freedom to know and put
into practice everything that is good. It

2482
03:36:31.520 --> 03:36:37.559
is the art of using freedom correctly. The conception of the immature person in

2483
03:36:37.639 --> 03:36:43.559
relation to what is good or bad
is caught with pins, as other criteria

2484
03:36:43.639 --> 03:36:52.120
are gaining points fashion, permissiveness,
relativism, etcetera. This decalogue shows the

2485
03:36:52.200 --> 03:36:58.360
reverse model of mature personality. The
latest scientific research on maturity is very interesting,

2486
03:36:58.000 --> 03:37:03.360
highlighting sons with emphasis the following characteristics, ability to love, ability to

2487
03:37:03.440 --> 03:37:09.479
work and acquisition of culture. Some
authors confuse psychological maturity with a certain existential

2488
03:37:09.600 --> 03:37:15.879
wisdom to Chimbaum or Woll one thousand
nine hundred ninety- one, of the

2489
03:37:15.959 --> 03:37:20.559
Moter one thousand nine hundred ninety-
four Stenberg two thousand, when they are

2490
03:37:20.559 --> 03:37:24.239
really different things, although there are
areas of confluence eighteen and certain osmosis is

2491
03:37:24.239 --> 03:37:30.840
established. In conclusion, we can
say that personal maturity is an aspiration,

2492
03:37:31.239 --> 03:37:33.799
a goal, a medium- term
goal. But it is rarely fully reached.

2493
03:37:37.000 --> 03:37:43.079
We have to be realistic. Utopias
are bad traveling companions. Maturity presupposes

2494
03:37:43.120 --> 03:37:46.559
a certain state of fullness that is
being reached through a gradual and gradual growth

2495
03:37:46.680 --> 03:37:54.360
process, concretion and ambiguity of the
immature personality. As we have already commented

2496
03:37:54.399 --> 03:38:00.120
at the beginning of this chapter,
the most recent classifications do not include the

2497
03:38:00.200 --> 03:38:05.000
diagnosis of immature personality, due,
among other things, to its diffuse and

2498
03:38:05.120 --> 03:38:09.440
imprecise tones and to sharing some of
its features with other misalignments. Given the

2499
03:38:09.479 --> 03:38:13.879
breadth of the term maturity, it
is appropriate to speak of levels of personality

2500
03:38:13.239 --> 03:38:18.479
maturity, that is, of ascending
or descending degrees in the development of oneself.

2501
03:38:18.520 --> 03:38:22.719
Maturity is something relative not absolute and
depends on variables such as age,

2502
03:38:22.959 --> 03:38:28.200
type of life, studies, socio- cultural or economic level interpersonal relationships.

2503
03:38:31.200 --> 03:38:35.520
In order for a personality to develop
in a harmonious way, it is necessary

2504
03:38:35.600 --> 03:38:39.280
to achieve a good conjunction of the
biological provisions and the various learnings that take

2505
03:38:39.360 --> 03:38:43.719
place from childhood to adulthood, forming
a range of experiences in which the following

2506
03:38:43.760 --> 03:38:50.440
characteristics stand out, the integration of
the various elements that have been deposited throughout

2507
03:38:50.520 --> 03:38:54.399
the life of a person, neutralizing
with one another to form a well structured

2508
03:38:54.440 --> 03:39:01.200
mosaic, the subordination of some over
all, knowing to hierarchically hierarchize a scale

2509
03:39:01.319 --> 03:39:09.319
that seeks unity. In conclusion,
we can say that the maturation of personality

2510
03:39:09.440 --> 03:39:13.200
consists in achieving a balance between the
dispositional and experiential factors in order to reach

2511
03:39:13.239 --> 03:39:18.360
successive degrees of freedom, independence,
knowledge of oneself and reality, as well

2512
03:39:18.440 --> 03:39:26.520
as in elaborating a life project under
the auspices of reason and will. Recently,

2513
03:39:26.000 --> 03:39:30.840
Tyler two thousand three, two thousand
nine hectares spoke of a new concept

2514
03:39:30.959 --> 03:39:35.760
entitled neither therapy Nest therapy, whose
name derives from Latin nests nest, which

2515
03:39:35.760 --> 03:39:41.920
is a new therapeutic strategy that should
be used in persistent personality disorders. It

2516
03:39:41.959 --> 03:39:46.959
does mean the attempt to modify the
environment, the family partner environment of a

2517
03:39:46.040 --> 03:39:52.520
subject to try to minimize negative influences
on it. This is a systematic modification

2518
03:39:52.639 --> 03:39:58.040
of the environment, which means a
new way of dealing with personality disorders.

2519
03:40:00.239 --> 03:40:03.959
Today we know that the adaptation proclaimed
by American psychiatry must be widely criticized.

2520
03:40:05.280 --> 03:40:09.000
I will make a brief argument about
this. If we accept that society is

2521
03:40:09.079 --> 03:40:13.399
so neurotic, the normal thing is
that a person folds into that collective behavior

2522
03:40:13.479 --> 03:40:16.120
and, consequently, does not adapt
to those sick social behaviors, so he

2523
03:40:16.200 --> 03:40:22.879
moves away from that sample of population, but becomes a healthy person. This

2524
03:40:22.000 --> 03:40:26.799
concept is introduced in London in hospital
treatment equipment. When checking the failure of

2525
03:40:26.879 --> 03:40:33.200
some subjects with personality disorders to comply
with the treatment, follow the guidelines designed,

2526
03:40:33.760 --> 03:40:37.760
sometimes because of resistance to the psychiatrist, others because of lack of adherence

2527
03:40:37.760 --> 03:40:41.559
to the treatment, or simply because
that environment does not facilitate psychological improvement.

2528
03:40:43.040 --> 03:40:46.799
The issue is exciting, but it
demands realistic environmental objectives, with feet on

2529
03:40:46.840 --> 03:40:50.280
the ground and a knowledge of that
environment through the patient' s family and,

2530
03:40:50.440 --> 03:40:56.600
in some cases, someone close to
him or her. The problem is

2531
03:40:56.680 --> 03:41:01.440
who should take care of the nidotherapy. It is difficult to determine within the

2532
03:41:01.600 --> 03:41:03.680
psychological team who should apply it.
Short programmes are beginning to be available.

2533
03:41:05.680 --> 03:41:13.120
We are on the skirt of its
realization. Chapter six. Predepressive personality.

2534
03:41:15.440 --> 03:41:20.239
This pre- depressive mode does not
appear in the above classification of personality disorders,

2535
03:41:20.959 --> 03:41:24.079
but I would like to refer to
it because of its undoubted importance.

2536
03:41:24.239 --> 03:41:28.879
It is a real breeding ground in
which it is easier for the symptoms of

2537
03:41:28.000 --> 03:41:35.520
depression to thrive. We could define
it as that form that is characterized by

2538
03:41:35.799 --> 03:41:39.319
advancing, facilitating and predisposing to such
psychic illness. It is its anteroom,

2539
03:41:39.840 --> 03:41:48.200
a vulnerable anteala prone to this mode
of mood disorder. There is a long

2540
03:41:48.319 --> 03:41:52.440
history on this subject, already hypocrate
century iv before Christ referred to the balance

2541
03:41:52.479 --> 03:41:58.479
of the four humors as a dialectical
prototype of personality. The corpus hypocráticum maintained

2542
03:41:58.559 --> 03:42:03.600
that the melancholy mand came from the
alterations of the blood and that the blood

2543
03:42:03.680 --> 03:42:09.760
contained the spirit that was clouded was
damaged giving rise to the disease. This

2544
03:42:09.840 --> 03:42:13.159
basic conception will be more clearly expressed
by platoon in the Taimeo his will.

2545
03:42:15.200 --> 03:42:18.600
Where the moods of acidic and salty
phlegms and all bitter and bileous humors mix

2546
03:42:18.680 --> 03:42:26.799
their vapors with the movement of the
soul, all kinds of diseases of the

2547
03:42:26.840 --> 03:42:33.159
psyche originate, including manifestations of obfuscation
and distinction. It is remarkable to note

2548
03:42:33.239 --> 03:42:39.920
how the word distinguished from long tradition
in German psychiatry first and Anglo- Saxon

2549
03:42:39.120 --> 03:42:43.120
later is already mentioned at this time. What is interesting is the joint mention

2550
03:42:43.159 --> 03:42:48.040
of sadness and obfuscation, resulting in
the alteration of the soul from a state

2551
03:42:48.120 --> 03:42:52.479
of the body. In other words, the PSI that is negatively modified somatically

2552
03:42:52.680 --> 03:42:58.559
is a very modern conception. If
we compare it with that in force during

2553
03:42:58.600 --> 03:43:05.319
the Middle Ages and part of the
16th, 17th and 18th centuries. The

2554
03:43:05.399 --> 03:43:09.239
Platonic idea is that one of the
worst ways to get sick lies in exaggerated

2555
03:43:09.319 --> 03:43:13.840
joy and overflowing pain, since in
both cases the individual is frantic outside of

2556
03:43:13.280 --> 03:43:20.239
himself and is not able to reflect
calmly. This circular antinomia between pleasure and

2557
03:43:20.360 --> 03:43:24.840
pain means a disorder of nature and
it is necessary that the antinomia is well

2558
03:43:24.959 --> 03:43:31.440
compensated. The idea of measurement or
platonic balance is therefore decisive. It is

2559
03:43:31.520 --> 03:43:33.600
pursued in order to achieve a good
equation between the soul and the body.

2560
03:43:35.559 --> 03:43:39.280
If the body has more relevance and
prevails over the soul, there is a

2561
03:43:39.360 --> 03:43:43.879
lack of knowledge and a certain inability
to learn, which leads to ignorance the

2562
03:43:45.040 --> 03:43:50.360
human being who attains symmetry body soul
is superior, great, extraordinary. They

2563
03:43:50.399 --> 03:43:54.239
are the wise, the poets,
the thinkers, those capable of enduring a

2564
03:43:54.319 --> 03:44:01.000
tragic destiny and remaining undisturbed. The
opposite is the ametry, a slide towards

2565
03:44:01.120 --> 03:44:05.920
the disproportion of the elements that integrate
the human being. From this conception,

2566
03:44:07.280 --> 03:44:13.879
disease is always understood as asymmetry,
imbalance, lack of harmony. For its

2567
03:44:13.000 --> 03:44:18.239
part, in Pedocles, based on
the theory of the four moods of Hippocrates,

2568
03:44:18.280 --> 03:44:20.920
arising from the four basic elements of
life, water, air, earth

2569
03:44:22.280 --> 03:44:26.239
and fire, refers to blood heat, dry phlegm, yellow bile moisture and

2570
03:44:26.319 --> 03:44:30.920
cold black bile, which are located
respectively in the heart, brain, liver

2571
03:44:30.959 --> 03:44:37.639
and vessel. When they reach balance, the individual is healthy. When they

2572
03:44:37.719 --> 03:44:43.920
decompensate, the disease appears. Perhaps
the first systematized study regarding the pre-

2573
03:44:45.760 --> 03:44:50.959
depressive personality is Porca Abraham, one
thousand nine hundred and twelve, who draws

2574
03:44:50.000 --> 03:44:56.559
attention to the resemblance between these patients
and obsessive neurotics. Such similarity refers especially

2575
03:44:56.600 --> 03:45:00.000
to the ambivalence love hatred towards a
person in ln in the U. In

2576
03:45:00.000 --> 03:45:03.559
some cases, the disease starts from
an attitude of hatred that leads the person

2577
03:45:03.639 --> 03:45:07.120
to a state of paralysis. In
other words, it prevents him from loving.

2578
03:45:09.159 --> 03:45:13.479
Apart from this feature of ambiguity,
we must also describe an excessive desire

2579
03:45:13.520 --> 03:45:16.360
for performance closely linked to a hypertrophy
of moral consciousness, the superyo of psychoanalytic

2580
03:45:16.399 --> 03:45:20.959
doctrine and a fixation of the occupation
of the loving object, even in the

2581
03:45:22.079 --> 03:45:26.319
non- depressive period three, which
coincides with a marked resistance to the occupation

2582
03:45:26.440 --> 03:45:33.319
of that proposed object. In even
more strictly psychoanalytic terms, we observe qualities

2583
03:45:33.440 --> 03:45:39.600
that are in themselves valuable, constancy, accuracy, scrupulousness, but that reach

2584
03:45:39.719 --> 03:45:46.879
truly extreme points and, therefore,
pathological. Four, the problematization of the

2585
03:45:46.959 --> 03:45:52.319
simplest and most common things in ordinary
life, the tendency to get frustrated from

2586
03:45:52.440 --> 03:45:58.559
relationships with other people, etc.
Likewise, in Sigmond Freud we find another

2587
03:45:58.600 --> 03:46:03.200
description of the predepressive personality, which
also presents elements close to the obsessive sphere,

2588
03:46:03.719 --> 03:46:11.079
such as certain prejudices that become fixed, but unlike obsessive neurotics. Here

2589
03:46:11.159 --> 03:46:16.600
the projection adds to the repression of
hatred. From this perspective, developed by

2590
03:46:16.719 --> 03:46:20.760
Freud, mainly in his book Duel
and Melancholy one thousand nine hundred and seventeen,

2591
03:46:22.360 --> 03:46:26.040
it is formulated that in these subjects
the settlement returns to primitive stages,

2592
03:46:26.559 --> 03:46:30.639
since the fundamental operation resides in the
introduction of the object of the alivid.

2593
03:46:31.680 --> 03:46:35.920
In a previous publication character and anal
eroticism, one thousand nine hundred and eight,

2594
03:46:37.280 --> 03:46:39.799
Freud pointed out the eagerness of these
subjects for order and their extraordinary tendency

2595
03:46:39.799 --> 03:46:46.719
to save. The constitutional typology of
E Cretsmer thousand nine hundred and fifty encompasses

2596
03:46:46.840 --> 03:46:50.840
not only that which concerns personality,
but also that which corresponds to the morphological

2597
03:46:50.840 --> 03:46:56.639
h. Its connection with the zoological
conception of psychiatric diseases. It is evident

2598
03:46:56.719 --> 03:47:01.559
that the picnic type is related to
depressive manic psychosis, eleptosomal with schizophrenias and

2599
03:47:01.639 --> 03:47:07.280
athletics with epileptic psychosis or, in
a more general sense, with the epileptic

2600
03:47:07.440 --> 03:47:13.520
circle. For its part, the
type of depression would be built on a

2601
03:47:13.639 --> 03:47:18.799
quiet, worried, calm personality.
The designation of these types is ordered according

2602
03:47:18.920 --> 03:47:26.520
to the depressive temperamental mood. At
this point there is a marked difference with

2603
03:47:26.600 --> 03:47:30.600
the ideas proposed by low HTL,
who does not take the mood as decisive,

2604
03:47:30.959 --> 03:47:35.520
because even if it is something prominent
in these patients, it is not

2605
03:47:35.520 --> 03:47:41.360
something decisive. Apart from this,
Cretsmer also points to other features. Exaggerated

2606
03:47:41.440 --> 03:47:48.239
laboriousness, careful formality scrupulousness in his
work. The sensitive delirium of self-

2607
03:47:48.760 --> 03:47:52.280
reference already offers a pre- depressive
typological model, characterized by a tendency to

2608
03:47:52.360 --> 03:47:56.520
exhaustion, to which is added a
specific pulsional structure of a sensitive nature,

2609
03:47:58.079 --> 03:48:01.479
which is a condition without eco-
anon for the occurrence of such self-

2610
03:48:03.040 --> 03:48:07.280
referential events, that is, that
person refers everything to himself in a suspicious,

2611
03:48:07.959 --> 03:48:11.959
suspicious, distrustful, hostile way.
Kretsmer' s sensitive character approaches Dobré

2612
03:48:13.079 --> 03:48:18.319
' s hyperemotional. They are sensitive
shy subjects, with a tiredness before the

2613
03:48:18.360 --> 03:48:24.639
anxious effort, psychological, on many
occasions, with scruples, hesitations, perennial

2614
03:48:24.079 --> 03:48:30.280
doubts that have struggles of moral conscience
and are extraordinarily affected by the reactions of

2615
03:48:30.360 --> 03:48:35.239
others, coming out very often traumatized
or injured in social contact and with inhibition

2616
03:48:35.319 --> 03:48:43.159
of their aggressive reactions almost permanently.
This sensitive paranoia always develops with anguish and

2617
03:48:43.200 --> 03:48:46.559
great internal emotional tensions, so its
long- term reactions are more depressive and

2618
03:48:46.639 --> 03:48:54.479
hyposthenic, leading to psychological blockade than
aggressive. The pre- morbid typology of

2619
03:48:54.520 --> 03:48:58.680
Maus depression, one thousand nine hundred
and thirty, is also of great interest.

2620
03:48:58.760 --> 03:49:03.680
This author makes a differential diagnosis between
single- phase depressions, biphasic depressions

2621
03:49:03.799 --> 03:49:11.440
and circular chronicles. Each corresponds to
specific premorbid types, as well as differences

2622
03:49:11.520 --> 03:49:16.959
that define each entity' s most
finished psychological typification. It refers to people

2623
03:49:16.000 --> 03:49:20.520
who are close to forty years of
age, in which it can be observed

2624
03:49:20.600 --> 03:49:24.639
that their own and habitual rhythm is
slowed down, become heavier and psychic energy

2625
03:49:24.799 --> 03:49:31.959
appears diminished. Therefore, an experience
of detention prevails with loss of the ability

2626
03:49:31.000 --> 03:49:37.399
to project towards the future. All
this refers to singular or single- phase

2627
03:49:37.520 --> 03:49:43.040
forms, since in multiphase depressions,
pathogenetic determinants are not exclusively endogenous, observing

2628
03:49:43.200 --> 03:49:48.520
reactive components that feel like a specific
overload in close relation to professional life,

2629
03:49:50.120 --> 03:49:58.000
decisions responsibilities. MAU points to the
triggering moment of depression, the moment in

2630
03:49:58.040 --> 03:50:01.360
which the feeling of an exo recive
overload is perceived that already crosses the limits

2631
03:50:01.440 --> 03:50:07.440
of the ability to cope with it. This feeling begins in a reactive mood

2632
03:50:07.559 --> 03:50:15.879
to take further profound life dealings.
Maus also notes that in some cases the

2633
03:50:16.000 --> 03:50:20.440
situational and reactive and psychic factors persist
in long- term depressions or in authentically

2634
03:50:20.520 --> 03:50:26.040
chronic depressions. I do not want
to overlook two issues that I find interesting.

2635
03:50:26.120 --> 03:50:31.239
As to what is being said,
Cretzmer spoke of the gliscroid temperament to

2636
03:50:31.319 --> 03:50:39.000
refer to the permanent manifestations of epilepsy
directly related to character and personality. Later,

2637
03:50:39.319 --> 03:50:43.920
Mause outlined his characteristics and went on
to affirm that this character manifests itself

2638
03:50:43.040 --> 03:50:48.440
in all aspects of his conduct in
a patent way, reflected above all in

2639
03:50:48.559 --> 03:50:52.120
a particular look that is set on
the person who looks at him as clinging

2640
03:50:52.200 --> 03:50:56.920
to the interlocutor, following with scrupulous
attention to dialogue, gave him the name

2641
03:50:58.040 --> 03:51:01.520
of enechetical constitution of de viva dar
of the Greek word n which means stickyness.

2642
03:51:03.639 --> 03:51:09.559
They show a generally higher intellectual level, an outstanding perseverance, a loss

2643
03:51:09.680 --> 03:51:16.280
of rapidity in adaptation, a tendency
to stagnation and an obvious slowing of language,

2644
03:51:16.360 --> 03:51:22.319
a stuttering slowness that is accompanied by
a poverty in verbal expressions. E

2645
03:51:22.520 --> 03:51:30.000
Bleuler coined the term epileptoidia the works
of Mincovsk and one thousand nine hundred twenty

2646
03:51:30.239 --> 03:51:33.719
- three and one thousand nine hundred
thirty COAC pierre abound in this same sense.

2647
03:51:33.760 --> 03:51:37.360
For its part, h J.
Baetbrech thousand nine hundred and sixty-

2648
03:51:37.799 --> 03:51:43.000
six points out that the pre-
depressive situation is but a distressing way of

2649
03:51:43.120 --> 03:51:46.200
life, often overburdened with activity,
which leaves no time for rest or distraction.

2650
03:51:46.879 --> 03:51:54.760
In other areas than strictly professional ones. Ya F J. And J.

2651
03:51:54.159 --> 03:51:58.520
Wittendich a thousand nine hundred and fifty- four had pointed out that the

2652
03:51:58.600 --> 03:52:03.360
prime trigger of a depression is never
an emotion, but a punctual situation or

2653
03:52:03.479 --> 03:52:09.639
a situational constellation that can be both
of failure and of success. The jobs

2654
03:52:09.680 --> 03:52:13.920
of the Japanese psychiatrist and Mechimoda thousand
nine hundred thirty- two. One thousand

2655
03:52:13.959 --> 03:52:18.520
nine hundred and sixty gather the most
typical predepressant traits of their country, among

2656
03:52:18.600 --> 03:52:22.360
which stands out the hypersensitivity of the
emotional apparatus that gives rise to an insistent

2657
03:52:22.440 --> 03:52:28.799
and tenacious thought or chaco, which
is considered manifestation of a certain gene Possessing

2658
03:52:28.879 --> 03:52:33.239
this character is the precondition for suffering
a depression to which is added the scrupulousness,

2659
03:52:33.959 --> 03:52:37.200
the social exemplaryness and the obsession of
these subjects to do everything with an

2660
03:52:37.200 --> 03:52:43.000
exaggerated perfection. This conception is very
close to the idea of depression due to

2661
03:52:43.120 --> 03:52:46.440
exhaustion of Pekielolls, which also refers
to the way of installing the depressions present

2662
03:52:46.600 --> 03:52:52.000
in this type of constitution, which
is characterized by a tendency to remain fixed

2663
03:52:52.239 --> 03:52:56.399
or attached to thoughts or feelings.
Therefore, a subject with this character cannot

2664
03:52:56.440 --> 03:53:00.879
feel relieved, but after having carried
out two in depth what he undertook.

2665
03:53:01.399 --> 03:53:05.920
This is a positive feature, of
the character that only allows one to feel

2666
03:53:05.000 --> 03:53:09.719
satisfied when both the task and the
duty or responsibility itself have been fulfilled.

2667
03:53:11.319 --> 03:53:18.840
These people are always highly appreciated as
trustworthy and serious examples. When on any

2668
03:53:18.920 --> 03:53:22.159
occasion, whether of a psychic or
a bodily nature, they exert themselves in

2669
03:53:22.600 --> 03:53:30.840
excess, presenl melancholy arises by summarizing, the personality prior to depression is characterized

2670
03:53:31.200 --> 03:53:35.319
by excessive application to work. He
gives in depth in an honest pathological activity,

2671
03:53:37.559 --> 03:53:41.719
terrible scrupulousness, sick order, high
sense of justice, bordering on excessive

2672
03:53:41.879 --> 03:53:48.760
limits, absence of laziness, all
in an excessive pathological way. At present,

2673
03:53:50.239 --> 03:53:54.200
the studies try to measure and evaluate
with more rigorous and better designed instruments

2674
03:53:54.319 --> 03:53:58.040
the different types of personality, thus
understanding the totality of the mental traits that

2675
03:53:58.079 --> 03:54:07.280
move through behavior, imprudence and remanence. Finally, let us analyze the melancholic

2676
03:54:07.399 --> 03:54:11.600
typus of HT YEMAC one thousand nine
hundred sixty- nine thousand nine hundred and

2677
03:54:11.600 --> 03:54:16.559
seventy- four, which constitutes one
of the most precise and well- spoken

2678
03:54:16.639 --> 03:54:20.440
descriptions of personality and the development of
the pre- depressive situation. This result

2679
03:54:20.559 --> 03:54:24.760
is based on the catamnesis and evolution
of the disease over time, since,

2680
03:54:24.159 --> 03:54:28.879
from the methodological point of view,
it was very difficult to obtain concrete data

2681
03:54:28.959 --> 03:54:35.479
on each individual before suffering the depressive
phase. The psychiatric experience shows the difficulty

2682
03:54:35.520 --> 03:54:39.479
of observing the previous personality during the
illness, as it is usually buried under

2683
03:54:39.479 --> 03:54:46.719
the symptomatology and characteristic of the current
form. The vast majority of patients studied

2684
03:54:46.879 --> 03:54:52.360
by Tejemach, when asked about the
possible reasons for their illness, replied that

2685
03:54:52.360 --> 03:54:56.239
they did not know what their condition
could be due to. The essential feature

2686
03:54:56.319 --> 03:55:01.159
of this predepressant type is, according
to Tejenbach, the fixation to an excessive

2687
03:55:01.280 --> 03:55:05.840
desire of order. In the pursuit
of order we have pointed out as an

2688
03:55:05.920 --> 03:55:07.719
essential feature of the melancholic type.
It is only a more pronounced version of

2689
03:55:07.840 --> 03:55:13.280
order, as we find it in
many people, even those who have never

2690
03:55:13.360 --> 03:55:18.879
been melancholy, when we recognize in
the pursuit of order a fundamental feature of

2691
03:55:18.959 --> 03:55:24.559
the structure of the melancholy type,
this does not mean that every orderly person

2692
03:55:24.639 --> 03:55:28.920
runs the risk of becoming melancholy.
The decisive thing is that the melancholy personality

2693
03:55:30.000 --> 03:55:33.600
is firmly fixed to an attitude characterized
by order, which does not always manifest

2694
03:55:33.719 --> 03:55:37.159
itself in all sectors of existence,
but at least in one that is essential.

2695
03:55:39.959 --> 03:55:43.000
Those who surround the subject, both
at home and in the professional environment,

2696
03:55:43.639 --> 03:55:48.680
appreciate that eagerness. The clinic'
s auxiliary staff realizes when the patient

2697
03:55:48.760 --> 03:55:52.760
' s remission has begun. Among
all the sick, the melancholy are the

2698
03:55:52.840 --> 03:55:58.040
ones who show the best will to
help and those who deserve the most confidence

2699
03:55:58.040 --> 03:56:01.799
in this regard. Working life is
completely determined by application, conscientiousness, the

2700
03:56:01.920 --> 03:56:11.959
feeling of duty and formality. Order
also prevails in relation to relations with others,

2701
03:56:11.159 --> 03:56:16.920
especially scrupulousness, sometimes even distressing with
which I know how to keep the

2702
03:56:16.000 --> 03:56:22.360
environment free from disturbances, frictions,
conflicts and, above all, from the

2703
03:56:22.440 --> 03:56:28.600
guilt in all its forms in relations
with superiors and colleagues, fidelity, willingness

2704
03:56:28.639 --> 03:56:39.280
to serve and willingness to help are
respected authority and hierarchy. As we see

2705
03:56:39.440 --> 03:56:43.719
from this description, order is the
substantive fabric that shapes the personality and gives

2706
03:56:43.799 --> 03:56:48.159
it its most genuine character. This
leads these subjects to raise demands far higher

2707
03:56:48.280 --> 03:56:54.239
than the average of the population,
measuring almost mathematically their performance in the various

2708
03:56:54.319 --> 03:57:00.440
planes in which it can be explored. Five further schematic features could be summarized

2709
03:57:00.479 --> 03:57:05.239
in the following. Order in the
world of work, with accuracy in performance

2710
03:57:05.639 --> 03:57:09.799
six. Order in interhuman relations is
lived exclusively for work and for the family.

2711
03:57:09.639 --> 03:57:16.040
Hence, the absolute separation of family
members can be threatening to balance souls.

2712
03:57:16.840 --> 03:57:20.559
Fear is only the essence of this
kind of human relationship. Order in

2713
03:57:20.600 --> 03:57:26.559
relations with others scrupulousness are people who
always ask forgiveness, who try to fix

2714
03:57:26.600 --> 03:57:31.079
things. This takes them to spend
whole days, turning their heads to a

2715
03:57:31.200 --> 03:57:35.719
phrase or to any event that has
happened with a great inner unrest that necessarily

2716
03:57:37.000 --> 03:57:41.559
leads them to humble themselves and apologize, conflicts of conscience that overload them,

2717
03:57:41.760 --> 03:57:48.719
finally, clairvoyance of possible threats that
break their mental or bodily balance. The

2718
03:57:48.760 --> 03:57:54.200
conjunction of these data is called orderality. It constitutes the specific structure of the

2719
03:57:54.319 --> 03:57:58.959
pre- malancholic personality. They record, above all, the inability to cope

2720
03:58:00.280 --> 03:58:03.719
with excessive demands in the material and
formal plane, in the background of which

2721
03:58:03.760 --> 03:58:07.479
they beat obsessive anxious and anancastic traits
that are coordinated with the disease itself.

2722
03:58:09.479 --> 03:58:13.959
Many patients, seeing the general order
that prevails throughout their existence broken, try

2723
03:58:13.959 --> 03:58:18.120
to rationalize what has happened, seeking
reasons that justify their current state and by

2724
03:58:18.440 --> 03:58:22.079
force. Both searching for them are
false ones, but that in the reflexive

2725
03:58:22.120 --> 03:58:28.840
elaboration are shown to the patient as
valid. Sometimes these are somatic events of

2726
03:58:28.879 --> 03:58:35.040
little entity, such as flu states
or somatic difficulties located in a specific place

2727
03:58:35.120 --> 03:58:39.399
of the organism, but of little
permanence. In women it is very common

2728
03:58:39.479 --> 03:58:43.200
to attribute everything to the menstrual cycle, which for many of them has a

2729
03:58:43.200 --> 03:58:48.239
special meaning. Other times, the
reasonings are inserted under the protection of conflictive

2730
03:58:48.360 --> 03:58:52.760
or problematic situations that are raised primates. In the reflection itself. Both pregnancy

2731
03:58:52.799 --> 03:58:58.639
and puerperium can play the same role. Finally, call you traces to the

2732
03:58:58.719 --> 03:59:07.319
two basic constellations that unfold in melancholy
endogenous transformation, imprudence and remanence. Both

2733
03:59:07.319 --> 03:59:13.319
are in the status category. The
subject is in correspondence with the situation,

2734
03:59:13.840 --> 03:59:16.360
which is similar to that which occurs
in physiology between stimulus and response, and

2735
03:59:16.479 --> 03:59:20.920
which gives rise to a series of
changing relationships in the person- world relationship.

2736
03:59:22.120 --> 03:59:26.879
Man is placed in various positions that
he often feels as a threat of

2737
03:59:26.959 --> 03:59:31.760
his order, of his law.
Then everything can become messy. The concept

2738
03:59:31.920 --> 03:59:37.840
of order was introduced into psychiatry by
its one who tries to systematize the different

2739
03:59:37.959 --> 03:59:41.079
types of order that the subject experiences. Its primary form is the relationship.

2740
03:59:41.239 --> 03:59:46.440
I a world of Saint Sornon in
inclusion the subject is attached to too narrow

2741
03:59:46.600 --> 03:59:50.000
a life. If the geometrical ordination
of its existence is altered by a professional

2742
03:59:50.079 --> 03:59:54.479
promotion, a change of job,
a move of domicile and, in general,

2743
03:59:54.920 --> 04:00:00.760
by anything that breaks the space itself. It can be a strong emotional

2744
04:00:00.840 --> 04:00:05.879
tension approaching the depressive. Let'
s see what she says tell her off

2745
04:00:07.079 --> 04:00:11.319
about a move. A woman moves
to another house that is much prettier than

2746
04:00:11.399 --> 04:00:18.000
the previous one. He has,
of course, attachment to his old home,

2747
04:00:18.479 --> 04:00:20.040
but he feels more joy for the
new one, which is more beautiful.

2748
04:00:22.159 --> 04:00:26.920
The joy before the move encourages his
activity after the change and already installed

2749
04:00:26.000 --> 04:00:31.559
in his new home, his joy
is yielding by a growing sorrow. She

2750
04:00:31.680 --> 04:00:35.680
herself can' t understand why she' s changed like this. You might

2751
04:00:35.719 --> 04:00:41.600
understand that the many jobs caused by
the move have depressed you. But these

2752
04:00:41.639 --> 04:00:45.959
difficulties have not been experienced as such
before. On the contrary, and on

2753
04:00:46.079 --> 04:00:50.319
the other hand, they have already
passed and have been replaced. However,

2754
04:00:50.920 --> 04:00:54.559
grief continues in its kind of order
to which it had become accustomed in its

2755
04:00:54.639 --> 04:01:00.559
former dwelling and in the specific situation
of its habitat. There is the key

2756
04:01:00.639 --> 04:01:07.440
to having to found a new order
is an existential requirement to discover new reference

2757
04:01:07.520 --> 04:01:13.239
connections. This requires the elasticity of
freedom. No previous joy can overcome this

2758
04:01:13.360 --> 04:01:20.200
difficulty. The constellation of remanence consists
of remaining behind oneself, without being able

2759
04:01:20.520 --> 04:01:26.239
to get rid of events lived in
his biography. There is an inability to

2760
04:01:26.319 --> 04:01:31.280
control the past and guilt gradually comes
out. Both constellations put us in front

2761
04:01:31.360 --> 04:01:35.440
of a common fact that the situations
that tend to depression are lived as much

2762
04:01:35.600 --> 04:01:41.239
as a negative existential change as a
mutation loaded with new demands. Sometimes both

2763
04:01:41.319 --> 04:01:46.799
factors are combined, although one of
them usually prevails. Both, as they

2764
04:01:46.920 --> 04:01:52.319
set out, lead to depression.
Imprudence involves living order and space excessively,

2765
04:01:52.520 --> 04:02:01.040
disproportionately sick. Remanence means feeling trapped
by the past, being unable to overcome

2766
04:02:01.120 --> 04:02:09.319
it. The depressive personality itself the
word depression harbors too many meanings in its

2767
04:02:09.479 --> 04:02:15.040
bosom. It is a polyhedral term
that has also become fashionable in the language

2768
04:02:15.120 --> 04:02:20.680
of the street, which makes it
used as often as imprecise. We'

2769
04:02:20.799 --> 04:02:24.399
re going to be more precise.
Its concept as an expression of colloquial language

2770
04:02:24.760 --> 04:02:28.920
refers to a feeling of sadness,
of decay, although most of the time

2771
04:02:28.959 --> 04:02:35.280
for something momentary, passing of little
importance and relief as a state of mind.

2772
04:02:37.120 --> 04:02:41.680
It refers to an interior landscape that
describes a way of finding an soul

2773
04:02:41.680 --> 04:02:48.000
mode, is more permanent and its
foundation is somewhat more solid. As a

2774
04:02:48.000 --> 04:02:52.040
symptom. In any disease there is
a constellation of symptoms, some essential and

2775
04:02:52.079 --> 04:02:56.959
others secondary. The former define the
disease, as they are key parts of

2776
04:02:58.000 --> 04:03:01.920
it. The second ones are more
in specific ners. There are many pathologies

2777
04:03:03.000 --> 04:03:07.040
in which depressive manifestations can be observed
from terminal cancer to infectious disease, including

2778
04:03:07.120 --> 04:03:13.239
diabetes, osteoarthritis, inflammatory symptoms,
anorexia, schizophrenia, or repeated anxiety crises

2779
04:03:13.360 --> 04:03:22.159
as a disease. This is the
most accurate use in psychiatry and, as

2780
04:03:22.159 --> 04:03:24.600
such, mentions the causes and motives
that have produced it, in addition to

2781
04:03:24.680 --> 04:03:31.239
symptomatology in its entirety. To continue
with differential diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and

2782
04:03:31.680 --> 04:03:39.360
prevention. As a type of personality, there is an important nuance in such

2783
04:03:39.680 --> 04:03:43.040
a case, since one cannot say
that someone has a depression, but is

2784
04:03:43.120 --> 04:03:48.280
depressive. His usual way of manifesting
is presided over, centered, structured in

2785
04:03:48.360 --> 04:03:54.920
a sad and pessimistic mood. The
features that are drawn are markedly melancholic.

2786
04:03:56.520 --> 04:04:00.760
As a type of life it is
common to see people who are sad in

2787
04:04:00.920 --> 04:04:03.680
one- way lock with a low
vital tone. Apparently they are under a

2788
04:04:03.799 --> 04:04:07.600
depression, but the subsequent analysis puts
us on the mat that is about someone

2789
04:04:07.680 --> 04:04:13.360
whose life is simply monotonous, with
a great isolation from the subject, that

2790
04:04:13.360 --> 04:04:18.920
there are no plans, no goals
or challenges. In short, it is

2791
04:04:18.040 --> 04:04:24.079
a poor, flat existence with no
vision for the future. This is not

2792
04:04:24.200 --> 04:04:28.159
cured by medication, but by giving
a twist to that vital structure. The

2793
04:04:28.280 --> 04:04:37.399
consequence is demotivation, an empty life
without content. A little history. As

2794
04:04:37.520 --> 04:04:41.639
I mentioned earlier, the polyhedral dimension
of the word depression has made it used

2795
04:04:41.719 --> 04:04:46.639
to refer to different psychological conditions,
as if it were a sort of tailor

2796
04:04:46.719 --> 04:04:54.120
drawer of psychopathological phenomena. For its
part, the depressive personality concept has had

2797
04:04:54.239 --> 04:04:58.600
a strange pariopinta zixagrant history to the
point that in the DSM four it is

2798
04:04:58.639 --> 04:05:03.079
not part of the main classification seven, but appears at the end in Appendix

2799
04:05:03.120 --> 04:05:09.680
B, whose generic title is criteria
and axes proposed for further studies. Not

2800
04:05:09.799 --> 04:05:16.159
in elcie either. However, we
found antecedents in the melancholic temperament of Hippocrates,

2801
04:05:16.600 --> 04:05:20.399
described more than 2, 000 years
ago on the basis of the four

2802
04:05:20.479 --> 04:05:26.360
elements of nature blood, phlegm,
bile, yellow and black bile. The

2803
04:05:26.399 --> 04:05:31.120
predominance of black bile appeared to be
characteristic of this personality. In the 17th

2804
04:05:31.360 --> 04:05:37.000
century. R Borton described this form
in his book Anatomy of Melancholy. Later,

2805
04:05:37.319 --> 04:05:41.799
this diagnosis was lost, until it
re- emerged in the term Cyclotinia,

2806
04:05:41.440 --> 04:05:45.639
from one thousand eight hundred eighty-
two, who associated depression and mania

2807
04:05:45.719 --> 04:05:50.040
in the same disease, although with
two opposing faces and at the same time

2808
04:05:50.319 --> 04:05:56.879
separating a form of being depressive.
Later. E crappellin thousand nine hundred and

2809
04:05:56.920 --> 04:06:01.959
twenty- one, described affective states
of people who had an emotional tone below

2810
04:06:03.000 --> 04:06:07.399
normal and who were persistent a temperamental
disposition to sadness. If someone is right

2811
04:06:07.559 --> 04:06:13.799
at a certain moment right away,
there are negative memories, feelings of guilt

2812
04:06:13.840 --> 04:06:18.360
or reproaches that prevent them from tasting
the positive aspects. E Cretsmer a thousand

2813
04:06:18.440 --> 04:06:24.280
nine hundred and twenty- five described
a group of hereditary personality types, including

2814
04:06:24.360 --> 04:06:31.840
the depressive temperament characterized by pessimism and
melancholy cuts. Neider one thousand nine hundred

2815
04:06:31.879 --> 04:06:35.200
and fifty described the depressive psychopathy,
installed in the lack of comfort and in

2816
04:06:35.319 --> 04:06:39.040
the complaint with serious difficulties to face
the future. And Tellenbach, as I

2817
04:06:39.159 --> 04:06:45.319
have already commented, systematized the melancholic
types from a study of one hundred and

2818
04:06:45.440 --> 04:06:50.479
nineteen patients. The psychoanalysts, for
their part, spoke of the depressive character,

2819
04:06:52.000 --> 04:06:56.719
which is expressed as a predisposition to
be dejected, with low self-

2820
04:06:56.719 --> 04:07:01.920
esteem, chronic guilt feelings and a
tendency to self- cryption. In nineteen

2821
04:07:01.959 --> 04:07:07.959
hundred and sixty- nine, clayy
Deves described the dysphoric character whose main characteristics

2822
04:07:07.000 --> 04:07:13.120
were the chronic tendency to complain and
the feeling of permanent unhappiness. These people

2823
04:07:13.239 --> 04:07:18.399
are always dissatisfied, apathetic, with
little encouragement to do any kind of work

2824
04:07:18.479 --> 04:07:24.600
or activity. In a thousand nine
hundred and seventy- one, L Rojas

2825
04:07:24.680 --> 04:07:28.159
Ballesteros designed in this same line the
sad personality fect keychain. A thousand nine

2826
04:07:28.239 --> 04:07:33.799
hundred and seventy- two spoke of
personality with a tendency to depression, and

2827
04:07:33.840 --> 04:07:39.239
in a thousand nine hundred and seventy- five J and J chilfrautw l Kleine

2828
04:07:39.239 --> 04:07:43.360
proposed the term" characterological pressure syndrome", enchronized as equivalent of the depressive

2829
04:07:43.360 --> 04:07:48.159
personality. Later, Spitzer and collaborators, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-

2830
04:07:48.959 --> 04:07:56.479
seven established three categories of disorders of
single- polar depressions minor depressive disorders and

2831
04:07:56.479 --> 04:07:58.959
chronic- pressive disorders. The latter
group includes the person r depressive tonality.

2832
04:08:01.479 --> 04:08:07.200
The depressive personality is constituted by a
pattern of behaviors and thoughts that begin in

2833
04:08:07.280 --> 04:08:11.120
adulthood and emerge through a permanently sad
mood, decayed with low level of self

2834
04:08:11.559 --> 04:08:16.319
- esteem tendency to criticize for everything
and pessimistic vision of oneself and the world

2835
04:08:16.399 --> 04:08:22.120
around you. It is important to
note that while the depressive is sad,

2836
04:08:22.639 --> 04:08:28.959
the depressive personality is sad. The
difference lies in the temporary and permanent versus

2837
04:08:28.000 --> 04:08:33.040
the transitory and stable. The first
appears and disappears. The second has a

2838
04:08:33.200 --> 04:08:41.000
fixed residence. The scientific studies carried
out so far have many limitations because they

2839
04:08:41.120 --> 04:08:46.399
have been based on unsound and systematic
criteria and because studies of family histories with

2840
04:08:46.440 --> 04:08:50.479
this type of personality have not been
seriously evaluated. In addition, in this

2841
04:08:50.559 --> 04:08:56.200
case, the comorbidity association of a
depressive personality with a depression is essential to

2842
04:08:56.399 --> 04:08:58.959
determine that it is before and that, after u s s s s s

2843
04:08:58.959 --> 04:09:03.639
NS. This mixture of depression and
personality disorder is called distinction, which we

2844
04:09:03.680 --> 04:09:09.079
can thus define chronic depressive mood associated
with low level of self- esteem,

2845
04:09:09.239 --> 04:09:13.280
complex insecurity, more or less pronounced
inferiority and a despair that involves everything.

2846
04:09:18.959 --> 04:09:22.799
In nineteen hundred and ninety, at
B he spoke of the schemes of depressive

2847
04:09:22.840 --> 04:09:26.000
personality, which are styles of behavior
and thoughts centered on a triad, negative

2848
04:09:26.399 --> 04:09:31.479
vision of oneself, tendency to interpret
personal experiences in a negative way and negative

2849
04:09:31.600 --> 04:09:37.239
view of the past. All three
aspects induce the patient to interpret everything pessimistically.

2850
04:09:39.319 --> 04:09:43.159
These are three errors in the processing
of information that cause a disorder in

2851
04:09:43.200 --> 04:09:50.440
the way of thinking that predisposes toward
melancholy. In the last decade of the

2852
04:09:50.600 --> 04:09:54.719
20th century research on this prototype has
grown and deepened in the attempt to systematize

2853
04:09:54.799 --> 04:10:01.559
its profile. Two authors stand out
hs X CALM one thousand nine hundred ninety

2854
04:10:01.799 --> 04:10:03.719
- two cycle an indie ninety-
nine. The first has described the subclinical

2855
04:10:03.799 --> 04:10:09.360
depression of itself, difficulty in enjoying
the positive things of ordinary life, tendency

2856
04:10:09.440 --> 04:10:15.399
to worry. The second speaks of
an affective, autonomous, independent disorder,

2857
04:10:15.920 --> 04:10:20.840
centered on fiscal points, but with
a neurobiological substrate, a way of being

2858
04:10:20.959 --> 04:10:28.959
pessimistic. How we can define the
depressive personality. It is that way of

2859
04:10:28.040 --> 04:10:31.639
being centered in a pessimistic view,
of itself and of the environment, with

2860
04:10:31.760 --> 04:10:37.079
a tendency to feel displaced by any
event of life and whose spirit is generally

2861
04:10:37.239 --> 04:10:43.040
inhabited by a mixture of pessimism,
sadness, boredom and apathy. His behavior

2862
04:10:43.120 --> 04:10:48.280
sometimes overlaps with other manifestations, but
on most occasions, his style is evident,

2863
04:10:48.319 --> 04:10:52.360
clear, open- minded. It' s what street people call a

2864
04:10:52.479 --> 04:10:58.319
negative person. It usually reduces their
outer life and interests and in it they

2865
04:10:58.360 --> 04:11:03.879
grow the inner worry and rune focus
on themselves, which leads them to have

2866
04:11:03.959 --> 04:11:11.159
few friendships as a pattern of strongly
rooted behavior. Depressive personality, like almost

2867
04:11:11.280 --> 04:11:16.879
all others, is often characterized by
a way of perceiving, feeling, thinking

2868
04:11:16.280 --> 04:11:24.079
and behaving. Let' s get
into each of them. Perception is the

2869
04:11:24.120 --> 04:11:28.920
capture of reality in its complexity.
Although all senses are also of great importance,

2870
04:11:30.399 --> 04:11:35.200
the sight becomes central, since the
world enters through the eyes. The

2871
04:11:35.280 --> 04:11:39.440
laws that regulate this process are very
diverse, while for conductism everything depends on

2872
04:11:39.559 --> 04:11:45.000
the stimulus or response relationship. For
cognitive psychology, the question is different.

2873
04:11:45.879 --> 04:11:50.559
Our Mind receives from the outside a
series of data, information that is then

2874
04:11:50.680 --> 04:11:56.799
processed and ordered. Concepts and interpretations
of reality are later elaborated. According to

2875
04:11:56.879 --> 04:12:01.920
this scheme, the depressive personality is
negativist, with a tendency to oppose the

2876
04:12:01.959 --> 04:12:05.680
criteria of others. Indirect oppositionism caters
more to the bad than to the good,

2877
04:12:05.079 --> 04:12:09.680
as if its psychological gaze is selectively
inclined to the negative, something that

2878
04:12:09.799 --> 04:12:16.040
is fixed in these subjects a caustic, derogatory, distant, cold as without

2879
04:12:16.120 --> 04:12:22.079
soul. From a sentimental point of
view, the depressive personality shows melancholy lack

2880
04:12:22.479 --> 04:12:28.559
of illusions. Illusion is the wrapping
of happiness, the pull that pushes life

2881
04:12:28.600 --> 04:12:33.840
forward and appears broken. In this
kind of personality. Discontent and disillusionment are,

2882
04:12:35.600 --> 04:12:41.120
therefore, a constant even contagion to
others. Their Demoralization This is the

2883
04:12:41.319 --> 04:12:45.680
issue at hand. That' s
why people are running away from these guys,

2884
04:12:45.920 --> 04:12:50.079
who are being called party poopers about
their way of thinking. Depressive personalities

2885
04:12:50.159 --> 04:12:54.479
are unable to embark on any company, as they a priori think that everyone

2886
04:12:54.639 --> 04:12:58.079
will go wrong. They prefer passivity. He won' t do anything.

2887
04:13:00.159 --> 04:13:03.200
Their languid and defeatist affectivity leads them
to go ahead in negative, so they

2888
04:13:03.280 --> 04:13:09.479
tend to abstain and participate little.
They exercise strong self- control and have

2889
04:13:09.559 --> 04:13:11.920
learned to stay out of it.
They say nothing, express the right and

2890
04:13:13.000 --> 04:13:16.879
show little interest in what happens around
them. All this is amalgamated inside,

2891
04:13:18.040 --> 04:13:22.440
giving rise to a series of subjective
experiences low level of self- esteem,

2892
04:13:22.920 --> 04:13:30.319
a certain complex of inferiority insecurity.
Inner monologues are generally self- critical.

2893
04:13:31.440 --> 04:13:37.040
It is possible to confuse this picture
of the depressive personality with an authentic depression.

2894
04:13:37.000 --> 04:13:41.479
The difference must be established in the
temporality of the facts. In the

2895
04:13:41.559 --> 04:13:43.959
first case, events are as they
are, since the subject has an elaborate

2896
04:13:45.040 --> 04:13:50.040
behavior, that is, almost always
in depression. However, everything happens from

2897
04:13:50.120 --> 04:13:54.799
a specific moment and if the treatment
is correct, it will disappear in a

2898
04:13:54.879 --> 04:14:01.600
few weeks to fully remit. Finally, if we refer to the aspect of

2899
04:14:01.680 --> 04:14:05.719
behavior, one of the most frequent
external symptoms of depressive personality behavior is anedonia.

2900
04:14:07.200 --> 04:14:11.799
Severe difficulty or inability to feel and
seek pleasure It is the consequence of

2901
04:14:11.879 --> 04:14:18.680
the skeptical vision of life defeatism and
serious attitude to existence. To her is

2902
04:14:18.799 --> 04:14:24.239
added an exaggerated fatigue, even before
the effort. Years ago, the so

2903
04:14:24.559 --> 04:14:30.239
- called neurastenics were included in this
psychological group, who avoid opening themselves to

2904
04:14:30.680 --> 04:14:35.479
other people, do not seek rewards, because there is an intrinsic deficit due

2905
04:14:35.600 --> 04:14:39.520
to lack of hope and they value
very little their own possibilities. Psychological hypersensitivity

2906
04:14:39.559 --> 04:14:43.239
is added to them. They suffer
for everything too much and it is easy

2907
04:14:43.360 --> 04:14:48.120
for them to feel hurt by others. Any small failure is lived in a

2908
04:14:48.239 --> 04:14:54.000
terrible dramatic way, especially inward,
since its ability to express outwards is very

2909
04:14:54.079 --> 04:15:01.399
scarce. They' re having trouble
relating from childhood to here. Treatment symptomatology.

2910
04:15:03.879 --> 04:15:09.159
The common mistake is to think that
this is a depression. The first

2911
04:15:09.239 --> 04:15:11.920
step should be to make the subject
see what happens to him so that he

2912
04:15:13.040 --> 04:15:16.920
becomes aware that his way of being
and functioning is sick, inadequate and harmful.

2913
04:15:16.959 --> 04:15:22.360
If this is not achieved, the
rest will have little value. Psychotherapy

2914
04:15:22.440 --> 04:15:28.040
allows to design patterns of healthy behaviors
so that these subjects will modify and correct

2915
04:15:28.120 --> 04:15:33.120
their lost pattern. They act on
feelings, the way of thinking, and

2916
04:15:33.239 --> 04:15:37.639
the manifestations of behavior. The establishment
of a positive ratio between the physician and

2917
04:15:37.760 --> 04:15:41.959
the patient is essential an alliance in
which the therapist' s is strong enough

2918
04:15:43.040 --> 04:15:48.840
to design new mental schemes. Thinking
positive does not distort reality. To be

2919
04:15:48.959 --> 04:15:52.159
more logical in the elaboration of ideas
and concepts, both personal and of the

2920
04:15:52.159 --> 04:15:58.879
environment. In many cases, however, antidepressant drugs need to be administered,

2921
04:15:58.399 --> 04:16:07.360
as they are combined with personality disorder
and added depression. Chapter seven a suspicious

2922
04:16:07.440 --> 04:16:14.079
individual. There are many descriptions of
this personality in the psychiatric bibliography, from

2923
04:16:15.760 --> 04:16:19.879
lew mar Grosse, Crepellino, kt
Sneider, through Rojas Ballesteros, Francisco Alonso

2924
04:16:21.360 --> 04:16:29.000
Fernández ov Conde among the Spaniards.
But Jack Clace referred to the Paranoid Constitution

2925
04:16:29.079 --> 04:16:33.200
and its two most prominent features,
self- confidence and high self- awareness.

2926
04:16:34.840 --> 04:16:40.600
Dindel focused his description on the self- referential trend, the enormous and

2927
04:16:40.719 --> 04:16:44.760
negative influence of the environment and the
excess in retaining and keeping painful experiences.

2928
04:16:45.360 --> 04:16:51.040
The symptom picture of s four points
out as more marked the mistrust and the

2929
04:16:51.120 --> 04:16:57.040
generalised and unjustified suspicion towards others.
From a phenomenological point of view, the

2930
04:16:57.159 --> 04:17:02.440
subject' s perception is permeated by
the rda of suspicion, fear of being

2931
04:17:02.520 --> 04:17:07.959
damaged. This caution leads him to
be on guard at the stalking bet waiting

2932
04:17:07.000 --> 04:17:15.120
for some kind of aggression or hostility. Paranoid thought attributes to other double intentions

2933
04:17:15.239 --> 04:17:18.520
in their words, gestures and even
silences, both in what others say and

2934
04:17:18.639 --> 04:17:25.920
in what they silence. Any relationship
has a strange, sinister and malevolent meaning

2935
04:17:26.040 --> 04:17:30.319
toward oneself. Any verbal and non- verbal lightness submitted to scrutiny and the

2936
04:17:30.360 --> 04:17:37.159
conclusions drawn are negative for the individual
himself. The paranoid look is sharp,

2937
04:17:37.559 --> 04:17:41.920
thin, precise, attentive to any
detail that emerges in the discourse, as

2938
04:17:41.959 --> 04:17:45.120
if the key to everything was semi- hidden and it was necessary to be

2939
04:17:45.200 --> 04:17:48.879
very aware of any expression to discover
it. The paranoids create the center of

2940
04:17:48.959 --> 04:17:52.440
attention and anything that happens in their
environment invites you to doubt, to distrust,

2941
04:17:52.840 --> 04:17:57.760
to examine the fact thoroughly to explain
the inexplicable and find a basis to

2942
04:17:57.920 --> 04:18:07.639
sustain your arguments. There are several
psychological characteristics to highlight inquiring attitude. Mistrust

2943
04:18:07.760 --> 04:18:11.719
takes on a very close- up
and leads to questioning all interpersonal relationships,

2944
04:18:12.319 --> 04:18:18.399
both in what is seen and heard
and in what remains hidden. Permanent anxiety

2945
04:18:18.799 --> 04:18:23.120
is due to an expectant fear,
a feeling of restlessness and uneasiness. Anticipatory

2946
04:18:23.200 --> 04:18:27.239
fears make the subject live with the
impression that strange surprising things are always happening

2947
04:18:27.280 --> 04:18:34.559
to him that open new gaps in
him to imagine the worst isolation way to

2948
04:18:34.959 --> 04:18:41.319
defend himself from the veiled and unclear
aggressions that emerge here and there. Loneliness

2949
04:18:41.399 --> 04:18:45.479
and lack of relationships are increasing paranoia, until the person becomes a Cruso vavensen

2950
04:18:45.600 --> 04:18:49.000
in his own home, even coming
to lock himself in his room irrational fear,

2951
04:18:49.120 --> 04:18:56.120
to take any kind of food and
or medicine. It is feared to

2952
04:18:56.280 --> 04:19:00.600
be poisoned or harmed, as in
the vast majority of personality disorders. There

2953
04:19:00.719 --> 04:19:04.840
is no awareness of illness, so
medical access to that person is almost impossible.

2954
04:19:07.360 --> 04:19:14.520
Aggressive reactions are the result of permanent
feelings of persecution and injury. These

2955
04:19:14.559 --> 04:19:19.159
reactions are often reduced to a very
small environment. The closest relatives on most

2956
04:19:19.200 --> 04:19:25.959
occasions lead to confinement at home so
as not to see anyone ostracized. Resounding

2957
04:19:26.559 --> 04:19:33.600
sense of justice manifests itself in a
radical tone as a result of a psychological

2958
04:19:33.760 --> 04:19:37.520
hypersensitivity, by which the individual gives
a special meaning to everything that happens to

2959
04:19:37.520 --> 04:19:41.559
him, especially to the small details. This attitude leads to a lack of

2960
04:19:41.639 --> 04:19:48.680
affective harmony with the environment, which
reduces to the minimum expression criteria for the

2961
04:19:48.760 --> 04:19:56.360
diagnosis of personality, paranoid disorder to, distrust and general suspicion from the beginning

2962
04:19:56.440 --> 04:20:03.000
of adulthood, so that the intentions
of others are interpreted as malicious. These

2963
04:20:03.079 --> 04:20:07.319
appear in various contexts. As four
or more of the following points indicate,

2964
04:20:07.719 --> 04:20:12.360
he suspects without sufficient basis that others
will take advantage of them, harm them,

2965
04:20:12.840 --> 04:20:18.600
or deceive them of concern for unjustified
doubts about the loyalty or loyalty of

2966
04:20:18.680 --> 04:20:26.200
friends and partners. Reticence to trust
others for unjustified fear that the information they

2967
04:20:26.280 --> 04:20:33.600
share will be used against them as
a covert meanings that are degrading or threatening

2968
04:20:33.680 --> 04:20:40.680
in the most innocent observations or facts
harbor grudges for a long time, for

2969
04:20:40.760 --> 04:20:47.200
example, does not forget insults,
insults or scorns, perceive attacks on his

2970
04:20:47.239 --> 04:20:49.840
or her person or reputation that are
not apparent to others, and is predisposed

2971
04:20:49.840 --> 04:20:56.559
to react with anger or counter-
attack suspicion repeatedly and unreasonably that his or

2972
04:20:56.680 --> 04:21:03.639
her spouse or partner is unfaithful to
him or her. B these characteristics do

2973
04:21:03.680 --> 04:21:07.760
not appear exclusively in the course of
a schizophremium, a mood disorder with psychotic

2974
04:21:07.879 --> 04:21:12.440
symptoms or other psychotic disorder, and
are not due to the direct physiological effects

2975
04:21:12.520 --> 04:21:19.479
of a medical disease. Note whether
the criteria are met before the onset of

2976
04:21:19.600 --> 04:21:27.120
schizophrenia. Adding premorbid, for example, paranoid personality disorder premorbid paranoid personality is

2977
04:21:27.200 --> 04:21:36.319
a serious disorder especially because the affected
person refuses to receive medical treatment. It

2978
04:21:36.399 --> 04:21:40.000
' s usually your family who comes
to the psychiatrist to comment on what'

2979
04:21:40.079 --> 04:21:41.959
s going on and know how to
act. The fact of not being aware

2980
04:21:42.120 --> 04:21:45.680
of the disease is more accused than
in other cases, because the subject is

2981
04:21:45.760 --> 04:21:51.520
increasingly locking himself in. In the
event that the family obtains a consultation,

2982
04:21:52.000 --> 04:21:57.120
the good relationship between the doctor and
the patient will be decisive. Let'

2983
04:21:57.239 --> 04:22:02.120
s look at the next medical history. This is a thirty- seven-

2984
04:22:02.520 --> 04:22:07.719
year- old man who works as
a janitor, studied up to degrees of

2985
04:22:07.799 --> 04:22:11.520
philosophy and left the career to do
psychology, of which he took only two

2986
04:22:11.520 --> 04:22:15.600
years. The parents come to the
office without their son and their mother tell

2987
04:22:15.680 --> 04:22:19.040
us. She' s always been
a withdrawn, introverted, very quiet person.

2988
04:22:21.120 --> 04:22:25.239
They usually close in their room and
devote themselves to their two great hobbies,

2989
04:22:25.799 --> 04:22:30.040
chess and reading, especially philosophical subjects. He never wants to go out

2990
04:22:30.040 --> 04:22:34.280
with his sister, who is four
years younger and only goes once a week

2991
04:22:34.360 --> 04:22:37.879
to a chess center where he plays
with a sixty- two- year-

2992
04:22:38.399 --> 04:22:42.360
old man who we believe is almost
a professional. He recommended that our son

2993
04:22:42.440 --> 04:22:47.639
buy an electronic chess game to play
alone, which now barely leaves his bedroom.

2994
04:22:49.760 --> 04:22:53.319
The mother thinks she' d agree
to come to the office. She

2995
04:22:53.399 --> 04:22:57.719
is concerned about her son' s
low state of mind and recent comments about

2996
04:22:57.799 --> 04:23:02.920
his desire to die. The father
to whom, apparently, the son resembles

2997
04:23:03.040 --> 04:23:07.239
much, hardly speaks, except when
I ask him. Her point of view

2998
04:23:07.719 --> 04:23:12.079
is the mother who carries the singing
voice. She' s been very insisting

2999
04:23:12.120 --> 04:23:17.879
that you come to see us and
we take advantage of this first consultation to

3000
04:23:17.879 --> 04:23:21.520
call you on the phone. The
result of that brief talk is quite good,

3001
04:23:21.799 --> 04:23:25.600
especially given that specialists have difficult access
to subjects suffering from this personality disorder.

3002
04:23:29.399 --> 04:23:32.760
So, a few days later he
comes to see us and I only

3003
04:23:33.159 --> 04:23:36.319
receive him without any person on my
team, since, according to the parents,

3004
04:23:36.520 --> 04:23:41.200
he is an extraordinarily sensitive being.
He is a man of about eighty

3005
04:23:41.280 --> 04:23:48.959
pounds in height, a harsh appearance
of distant cold athletic complexion. I know

3006
04:23:48.079 --> 04:23:52.399
he measures his words a lot and
it' s nothing syntonic. He tells

3007
04:23:52.799 --> 04:23:56.440
us I came because my mother has
insisted on me a lot and my sister

3008
04:23:56.479 --> 04:24:02.200
and grandmother also find me low in
spirits and think that maybe some vitamins or

3009
04:24:02.319 --> 04:24:04.920
something like that can get me out
of this pothole. I like loneliness.

3010
04:24:06.760 --> 04:24:08.280
I don' t trust people.
I' m having a hard time,

3011
04:24:08.959 --> 04:24:12.360
because I have to interpret what I' m told, and because I'

3012
04:24:12.360 --> 04:24:15.879
m very analytical, sometimes I suffer. I prefer to read a book by

3013
04:24:15.200 --> 04:24:19.840
Sartre, although my favourites are Chopenaguer
and Nitzche. I am very interested in

3014
04:24:19.920 --> 04:24:25.760
the subject of existential anguish and death. I didn' t finish my psychology

3015
04:24:25.879 --> 04:24:29.120
career because I couldn' t concentrate
and besides, because I was disappointed.

3016
04:24:29.479 --> 04:24:33.799
I thought it would help me understand
myself better and solve my problems, but

3017
04:24:33.799 --> 04:24:37.239
it wasn' t because the subjects
are heavy and don' t clarify anything.

3018
04:24:40.159 --> 04:24:41.799
To my question as to whether you
are comfortable with your way of being,

3019
04:24:42.280 --> 04:24:47.959
I am answered like this. There' s something about your personality that

3020
04:24:48.040 --> 04:24:51.920
you' d change in some sense. I look normal everyone has a way

3021
04:24:52.040 --> 04:24:56.319
of being. Many of his answers
are laconic, short of his tapes and

3022
04:24:56.399 --> 04:25:03.040
rarely give rise to further progress in
the Hino Interrogation. After analyzing the results

3023
04:25:03.120 --> 04:25:07.399
of their tests of depression, anxiety
and affectivity, we observed a wide pathology

3024
04:25:07.559 --> 04:25:12.040
with a strong depression, although underlying
the anxiety picture, which is very harassed,

3025
04:25:12.440 --> 04:25:18.600
especially in the cognitive and assertive planes. I decide to leave the personality

3026
04:25:18.680 --> 04:25:22.559
exploration for a next interview out of
fear that it will show its rejection.

3027
04:25:22.600 --> 04:25:27.920
We give you an anxiolytic dose jump
to prasolan one milligram six shots a day,

3028
04:25:29.280 --> 04:25:33.639
a tranquilizing auroleptic, greater chlorpromacin or
twenty- five for breakfast lunch and

3029
04:25:33.719 --> 04:25:40.520
dinner and a facilitative drug anthem to
fight insomnia. He comes back two weeks

3030
04:25:40.600 --> 04:25:42.920
later and the mother tells us that
he is calmer, but that the dream

3031
04:25:42.959 --> 04:25:47.000
is still bad. It takes him
more than two hours to catch him since

3032
04:25:47.120 --> 04:25:49.879
he took his medication. In addition, this one is intermittent, so it

3033
04:25:51.000 --> 04:25:56.040
gets very tired in the morning.
We traded her medicine for a stronger hypnotic.

3034
04:25:56.479 --> 04:26:00.760
Fruni after knowing a milligram forty-
five minutes before going to bed,

3035
04:26:02.719 --> 04:26:06.680
stopped coming to the office for about
six months, as he was preparing some

3036
04:26:06.760 --> 04:26:11.639
administrative oppositions to social security, took
her out and joined his work. Shortly

3037
04:26:11.760 --> 04:26:18.040
afterwards, almost a year later,
he returned to consult his mother' s

3038
04:26:18.120 --> 04:26:21.959
phone call, very concerned that his
son' s confinement continued at home and

3039
04:26:22.040 --> 04:26:26.000
because a few days earlier he had
left a cousin' s wedding to whom

3040
04:26:26.079 --> 04:26:29.920
he was initially reluctant to go after
the appetizer, as he had interpreted the

3041
04:26:30.040 --> 04:26:37.520
questions of some relatives as malicious.
When I see him again I find him

3042
04:26:37.520 --> 04:26:40.639
more airtight, very little dialogue.
I was turning to the reading of sira.

3043
04:26:40.760 --> 04:26:45.360
I don' t want to complain
about evolution It' s been complicated

3044
04:26:45.799 --> 04:26:48.120
by two symptoms, new auditory hallucinations. He hears noises that do not exist

3045
04:26:48.200 --> 04:26:52.319
and suspicious interpretation that these noises are
to bother him who manifests so in his

3046
04:26:52.440 --> 04:26:56.559
account. I' ve been watching
for a few months now that my mother

3047
04:26:56.639 --> 04:27:00.520
makes some weird noises with her mouth, sounds with which she wants to hurt

3048
04:27:00.520 --> 04:27:07.760
me. I told him and he
says they' re my inventions. When

3049
04:27:07.840 --> 04:27:11.840
I talk to his mother, he
explains to me that he has come to

3050
04:27:11.959 --> 04:27:12.959
threaten her that if he doesn'
t change, he will take his measurements.

3051
04:27:15.120 --> 04:27:18.200
He even tells us he has dropped
out at work, because he says

3052
04:27:18.280 --> 04:27:22.879
that some colleagues make comments or laugh
when he passes and two neighbors upstairs,

3053
04:27:22.440 --> 04:27:26.879
whom I hardly greet when we meet
down the stairs, make some very rare

3054
04:27:26.959 --> 04:27:34.360
noises, run chairs, drag furniture
I hear the sink dripping. I know

3055
04:27:34.399 --> 04:27:38.479
they' re going against me and
the other afternoon when we meet in the

3056
04:27:38.600 --> 04:27:44.319
elevator we stare at each other,
because they realize that I know. Parents

3057
04:27:44.440 --> 04:27:48.239
insist that they are normal people,
aware that their child is in psychiatric treatment,

3058
04:27:48.840 --> 04:27:53.239
so they ask and are interested in
their evolution. The clinical picture we

3059
04:27:53.280 --> 04:27:57.000
have just discussed is becoming more complicated
for a number of reasons. The atrocious

3060
04:27:57.040 --> 04:28:00.639
isolation of the patient, the,
the drop in work, clear depressive symptoms

3061
04:28:00.719 --> 04:28:07.159
that add to a paranoid symptomatology.
Finally, she agrees to take antidepressant medication,

3062
04:28:07.879 --> 04:28:11.719
although she insists not to return to
the clinic. There are three elements

3063
04:28:11.799 --> 04:28:21.520
to discuss regarding treatment. The sick
medical alliance, which is always key,

3064
04:28:21.760 --> 04:28:26.840
was especially important in this case because
it allowed sharing readings and interests, as

3065
04:28:26.959 --> 04:28:32.360
well as satisfying their curiosity about psychology. Given this tuning, he accepted,

3066
04:28:33.079 --> 04:28:37.200
although with many reluctances, that he
was a carrier of a personality disorder and

3067
04:28:37.280 --> 04:28:42.159
that he needed therapeutic help. The
treatment followed the pharmacotherapy trilogy psychotherapy sociotherapy.

3068
04:28:45.639 --> 04:28:51.280
Butyrofenone- based medication was prescribed in
rather high doses with loracepan anxiolytics and five

3069
04:28:51.399 --> 04:28:59.040
times a day and antipsychotic correctors of
its side effects. With psychotherapy we manufactured

3070
04:28:59.079 --> 04:29:03.440
a behavior program that at first received
as a spectator forced to do so and

3071
04:29:03.559 --> 04:29:10.000
later tried to get involved, putting
into practice some of the guidelines. Finally,

3072
04:29:10.399 --> 04:29:12.520
we managed to get him to come
to group therapy one day a week,

3073
04:29:14.040 --> 04:29:17.440
although at first he did it with
great resistances and almost without participating.

3074
04:29:18.280 --> 04:29:25.440
The patient has improved over these years
in group therapy. He' s learning

3075
04:29:25.479 --> 04:29:29.200
communication skills, though it costs him
a lot. I don' t talk

3076
04:29:29.319 --> 04:29:33.159
about nonsense or frivolities. I like
to touch on serious issues like existential anguish,

3077
04:29:33.840 --> 04:29:37.319
psychological films, or the subject of
death in philosophy, and I know

3078
04:29:37.600 --> 04:29:44.319
that people are not interested in that. It has been proposed as a psychological

3079
04:29:44.719 --> 04:29:49.479
task to learn to talk about inconsequential
issues, common everyday. She' s

3080
04:29:49.520 --> 04:29:52.840
even been asked to call some girl
in the group and ask her out with

3081
04:29:52.959 --> 04:29:56.280
him. I have to think about
that. We don' t know each

3082
04:29:56.280 --> 04:30:02.559
other enough. However, this clinical
case is rare in its evolution for two

3083
04:30:02.680 --> 04:30:07.040
reasons. Because the patient was able
to come to the office. Contrary to

3084
04:30:07.120 --> 04:30:11.040
what is common in individuals with paranoid
personality, a good interpersonal relationship was established

3085
04:30:11.120 --> 04:30:18.479
with the mediation of their mother,
who intervened in several joint sessions. The

3086
04:30:18.559 --> 04:30:22.879
deformation of the perception of reality,
one of the characteristic features of this patient,

3087
04:30:22.760 --> 04:30:30.040
could be disassembled by a selective cognitive
technique. See why the patient finally

3088
04:30:30.120 --> 04:30:33.959
agreed to take medication, which is
usually flatly rejected by those with this disorder.

3089
04:30:34.959 --> 04:30:41.680
Concomitance with a state of anxiety first
and depressed then made things easier.

3090
04:30:41.159 --> 04:30:47.680
In this sense, the fragile alliance
with the doctor can easily be broken in

3091
04:30:47.760 --> 04:30:52.159
the face of small suspicions, doubts
or medical and atrogenic interventions produced by a

3092
04:30:52.159 --> 04:30:59.559
wrong medical activity. Expectant distrust,
as well as a kind of diffuse and

3093
04:30:59.600 --> 04:31:06.520
drawn hostility, mark paranoid behavior.
In order for a treatment to have results,

3094
04:31:07.159 --> 04:31:10.959
the awareness of illness is crucial.
Otherwise, the sick cannot be reached.

3095
04:31:11.920 --> 04:31:15.440
You have to pay close attention to
your feelings of humiliation, but do

3096
04:31:15.520 --> 04:31:19.120
not take sides, because if we
agree, we make the clinical picture become

3097
04:31:19.239 --> 04:31:25.559
more and more chronic. If the
doctor is careful and manages to establish a

3098
04:31:25.639 --> 04:31:30.479
good relationship, the prognosis may be
favorable. The inability to forgive and other

3099
04:31:30.559 --> 04:31:37.559
symptoms in the paranoid personality. In
addition to the widespread and unjustified mistrust to

3100
04:31:37.639 --> 04:31:42.680
which we have already referred, it
is characteristic a photographic memory for the supposed

3101
04:31:42.799 --> 04:31:48.920
or real grievances received with inability to
forgive or forget small incidents that are often

3102
04:31:48.040 --> 04:31:56.040
oversized. Various research suggests that this
disorder may have a biogenetic relationship with schizophrenia.

3103
04:31:56.159 --> 04:31:59.280
J. A. Gutierrez Arisa one
thousand nine hundred and seventy- six.

3104
04:31:59.280 --> 04:32:02.719
That' s two Hendler and A. M. Gremberg thousand nine hundred

3105
04:32:02.760 --> 04:32:06.399
and eighty- two, L.
J. Sieber and another thousand nine hundred

3106
04:32:06.479 --> 04:32:08.680
and ninety- one and he Aquard
one thousand nine hundred and ninety- nine.

3107
04:32:10.000 --> 04:32:12.959
Although it seems that it is the
projective defense mechanisms that are shaping this

3108
04:32:14.040 --> 04:32:18.840
disorder acting since the early years of
youth I have gone one hundred and ninety

3109
04:32:18.840 --> 04:32:22.239
- nine. Today the aetiology of
the same is still under discussion. The

3110
04:32:22.319 --> 04:32:27.399
psychological thesis points out the following features
as managers of symptomatology, people who have

3111
04:32:27.479 --> 04:32:33.440
genetically inherited a way of being very
introverted and ruminating that from an early age,

3112
04:32:33.959 --> 04:32:37.680
elaborate inadequate feelings towards the closest people
who usually live humiliations and fabricate a

3113
04:32:37.760 --> 04:32:44.600
marked vulnerability followed by hostility and self- reference, as well as a tendency

3114
04:32:44.680 --> 04:32:48.639
to take excessive responsibility for their defects
and errors. The fear of criticism and

3115
04:32:48.680 --> 04:32:55.239
disapproval of others is also found in
this conduct. For this reason, and

3116
04:32:55.280 --> 04:32:59.680
Turcat and that teacher, one thousand
nine hundred and ninety- seven, recommended

3117
04:32:59.719 --> 04:33:03.440
group therapy to develop social vieldes.
Although continuity in care is often difficult because

3118
04:33:03.479 --> 04:33:08.840
of the strong mechanisms of resistance of
patients in our clinical experience Enrique Rojas and

3119
04:33:10.000 --> 04:33:15.479
Cols two thousand. The great problem
of cognitive behavioral therapy that these individuals keep

3120
04:33:17.400 --> 04:33:22.439
in memory small incidents, often trivial, that prevent improvement due to their inability

3121
04:33:22.560 --> 04:33:30.439
to overcome and forget those facts.
In fact, Sigmund Freud defined this pathology

3122
04:33:30.560 --> 04:33:37.439
as defense neuropsychosis. For their part, Becky tea and Freeman thousand nine hundred

3123
04:33:37.520 --> 04:33:41.720
and ninety have emphasized the cognitive deformations
that occur in this personality, establishing an

3124
04:33:41.840 --> 04:33:48.360
ordination of the inadequate experiences after correctly
evaluating some details of the relationship with others.

3125
04:33:49.439 --> 04:33:53.400
It is very accurate the description that
Crexmer made in his day a thousand

3126
04:33:53.479 --> 04:34:00.599
nine hundred and fifty, of the
sensitive character typical of these subjects are shy,

3127
04:34:00.880 --> 04:34:06.639
sensitive, habitative, anxious, analytical, scrupulous and with an exaggerated sensitivity

3128
04:34:06.639 --> 04:34:11.720
in social contacts, tend to inhibit
their initial reactions, which makes them dissatisfied

3129
04:34:11.799 --> 04:34:17.360
and accumulated containments. As we have
said, poorly resolved conflicts, difficult circumstances

3130
04:34:17.439 --> 04:34:21.840
with evident marks of suffering and the
sum of failures of different signs form a

3131
04:34:21.919 --> 04:34:26.240
context in which an acute paranoid reaction
can develop, a drop of water can

3132
04:34:26.319 --> 04:34:32.319
trigger an extraordinary distrust that leads the
individual to live always as if chapter eight,

3133
04:34:32.560 --> 04:34:41.360
a life alone, were threatened.
For a long time, the schizoid

3134
04:34:41.439 --> 04:34:45.919
personality was considered to be the basis
of schizophrenia or a way of being associated

3135
04:34:47.040 --> 04:34:52.840
with it. Historically, there are
very interesting descriptions, such as that of

3136
04:34:52.959 --> 04:34:57.080
Ajac one thousand nine hundred and ten, who spoke of closed personality, or

3137
04:34:57.159 --> 04:35:00.000
that of Repelín one thousand nine hundred
and nineteen, who referred to autistic per

3138
04:35:00.000 --> 04:35:06.200
sonality. From Hey Kretsmel, the
expression schizoid personality was normalized h J Guntrip

3139
04:35:07.360 --> 04:35:11.040
thousand nine hundred seventy- one,
psychoanalyst, put the emphasis on the tendency

3140
04:35:11.119 --> 04:35:17.759
to isolation with difficulties in establishing open
social relations, which leads these subjects to

3141
04:35:17.840 --> 04:35:25.319
behave strangely. Whenever we analyze a
disorder, it should be borne in mind

3142
04:35:25.400 --> 04:35:29.360
that between the healthy personality and the
pathological one there is a cantinon with different

3143
04:35:29.360 --> 04:35:33.759
degrees. At a certain point,
the border between the normal and the abnormal,

3144
04:35:33.959 --> 04:35:38.680
both quantitatively and qualitatively, is crossed. What is the main clinical note

3145
04:35:38.799 --> 04:35:45.720
of personality. Schizoid a marked difficulty
to relate to others, with a huge

3146
04:35:45.799 --> 04:35:51.840
deficit for social skills. Not only
do they not relate, but what is

3147
04:35:51.959 --> 04:35:56.159
most harassed, they do not want
it. These solitaires, who play for

3148
04:35:56.240 --> 04:35:59.560
hours at the computer or get into
their room and take refuge in a fantastic

3149
04:35:59.599 --> 04:36:03.520
world, do not communicate with their
coworkers and, in fact, usually look

3150
04:36:03.840 --> 04:36:08.840
for a professional activity in which there
is very little social interaction. They rarely

3151
04:36:08.959 --> 04:36:14.159
marry, as their lack of affection
is a sign of first magnitude. They

3152
04:36:14.240 --> 04:36:19.799
are cold, distant, reserved and
unable to express positive feelings in a few

3153
04:36:21.279 --> 04:36:22.959
words, neither enjoy one' s
life nor are they passionate about anything.

3154
04:36:25.000 --> 04:36:30.080
They are impenetrable, rigid and unable
to speak of the normal things of day

3155
04:36:30.080 --> 04:36:33.639
to day, as if there were
permanently in them a philosophical or metaphysical background.

3156
04:36:36.479 --> 04:36:40.599
When living with schizoid subjects, their
indifferent vital tone, dyed of absence

3157
04:36:41.040 --> 04:36:45.000
and self- absorbing, can be
observed as if they were lost in an

3158
04:36:45.000 --> 04:36:48.959
inner vagrancy. However, this inner
world is nothing interesting, because it is

3159
04:36:49.000 --> 04:36:56.479
almost empty of experiences, even insensitive
outwards. The emotional expressiveness is flat nil

3160
04:36:56.880 --> 04:37:02.360
non- existent. Over time,
this way of becoming a town of fears,

3161
04:37:02.560 --> 04:37:07.240
phobias and room mechanisms that lead the
individual through a sliding ramp into isolated

3162
04:37:07.279 --> 04:37:14.520
life. They distance themselves from others
because of their lack of harmony and inability

3163
04:37:14.599 --> 04:37:18.639
to make friendships. His life is
built on the margins of people, including

3164
04:37:18.720 --> 04:37:26.080
the family. The absence of stimuli
in the schisoids. External stimuli have little

3165
04:37:26.240 --> 04:37:30.919
influence. They live a monastic life, both at home and at work and

3166
04:37:32.279 --> 04:37:37.799
if they are laborious, they pass
through existence without making noise in the vulgar

3167
04:37:37.840 --> 04:37:44.479
language they are often described as dull, insipid, anodyne, unbridled, and

3168
04:37:44.479 --> 04:37:47.279
their style is miserably and insultuous.
They are a monument to boredom and cold

3169
04:37:47.360 --> 04:37:52.080
and dispassionate passivity. It' s
as if they' ve put aside the

3170
04:37:52.200 --> 04:37:56.400
emotional baggage already in their first youth, which eventually leads them to a depressed

3171
04:37:56.520 --> 04:38:02.360
state. Let' s look at
the next islands. Clinical teria quite representative.

3172
04:38:03.840 --> 04:38:07.799
He is a man of sixty-
eight years old single retired civil servant

3173
04:38:07.919 --> 04:38:12.279
who comes to the consultation with a
medical brother five years younger. He was

3174
04:38:12.319 --> 04:38:17.759
diagnosed with depression at the age of
50 and has been under control since then,

3175
04:38:17.959 --> 04:38:22.159
although his improvement has been limited.
It' s brother who tells us

3176
04:38:22.279 --> 04:38:26.560
he always talks very little. He
studied accounting and didn' t dare go

3177
04:38:26.599 --> 04:38:32.040
to college for fear of interacting with
people. He' s been a stamp

3178
04:38:32.240 --> 04:38:34.919
collector and that' s filled his
life. She' s never been out

3179
04:38:34.919 --> 04:38:37.560
with a girl. When I was
younger I went with a group of cousins

3180
04:38:37.639 --> 04:38:42.080
and friends, but most of the
time I preferred to stay home. The

3181
04:38:42.200 --> 04:38:47.279
brothers got married. There are four
of us with Elli, when at weddings

3182
04:38:47.360 --> 04:38:52.400
it was said that the next one
would be he felt very bad and the

3183
04:38:52.560 --> 04:38:56.520
patient himself says at fifty years old
I realized that I had spent my life

3184
04:38:56.680 --> 04:39:00.279
working, but nothing more. I
was very sad to see what had become

3185
04:39:00.400 --> 04:39:04.360
of me. My doctor brother told
me that what I was was depressed.

3186
04:39:06.400 --> 04:39:11.240
I' ve seen enough psychiatrists send
me pills, but I' m pretty

3187
04:39:11.360 --> 04:39:15.599
much the same. Lately, I' ve been sitting in a chair for

3188
04:39:15.680 --> 04:39:18.040
a couple of years. I'
ve been watching TV since morning, and

3189
04:39:18.240 --> 04:39:22.439
I hardly go out and sleep badly. I' ve lost some appetite,

3190
04:39:23.119 --> 04:39:30.040
though I' ve never been much
to eat. Below we reproduce part of

3191
04:39:30.080 --> 04:39:37.439
the interview. How your normal life
has been without great things. You'

3192
04:39:37.560 --> 04:39:41.880
re happy with the kind of life
you' ve led. I don'

3193
04:39:42.040 --> 04:39:45.880
t know I think I' m
like this Why didn' t you get

3194
04:39:45.880 --> 04:39:51.040
married? I' ve always been
shy about the women' s issue,

3195
04:39:51.200 --> 04:39:55.040
and I' ve passed my age. He would have liked to have children.

3196
04:39:56.680 --> 04:39:59.439
I don' t think so,
because I' m not prepared for

3197
04:39:59.439 --> 04:40:03.200
it. It' s hard to
educate them. I' d rather be

3198
04:40:03.200 --> 04:40:07.959
the way I am. How you
have found yourself in a mood in the

3199
04:40:07.000 --> 04:40:14.880
last two weeks, about tired and
with little desire to do things. Explain

3200
04:40:15.000 --> 04:40:19.040
to me better how it feels inside
you. It' s hard. I

3201
04:40:19.119 --> 04:40:22.360
' m empty. My brother says
I' m sad. I wouldn'

3202
04:40:22.400 --> 04:40:29.000
t know what to tell you about
the day. I' m retired and

3203
04:40:29.119 --> 04:40:32.680
bored. I don' t know
what to do. Besides, I'

3204
04:40:32.799 --> 04:40:36.720
m tired of stamps. What he
likes the most zero with that he enjoys

3205
04:40:36.880 --> 04:40:41.720
the most. Being at home or
with my brother, the doctor who talks

3206
04:40:41.840 --> 04:40:44.360
to me and takes me with him
for a walk or to see his children.

3207
04:40:44.759 --> 04:40:45.639
I don' t like being with
a lot of people, though.

3208
04:40:48.159 --> 04:40:52.319
The interrogation makes two things clear.
A very unexpressive type of personality, in

3209
04:40:52.599 --> 04:40:57.720
whose discourse are practically absent the adjectives
referring to its own state of mind and

3210
04:40:57.919 --> 04:41:02.919
a depression associated with its way of
being that we measure following the scales of

3211
04:41:03.000 --> 04:41:07.279
becky Haemothan. At some point in
the interview with the brother, he told

3212
04:41:07.360 --> 04:41:11.759
us that he had recently commented that
he preferred to die, since his life

3213
04:41:11.880 --> 04:41:15.599
was meaningless, but that there had
been no suicidal tendency at the moment.

3214
04:41:17.080 --> 04:41:21.799
The three- dimensional treatment we recommend
was as follows. In pharmacotherapy, oxetine

3215
04:41:21.840 --> 04:41:26.439
at 20 was used for breakfast and
dinner as a person with a thin,

3216
04:41:26.159 --> 04:41:32.439
slender, high- lectosomal morphology with
low abdominal fat. Within a few weeks

3217
04:41:32.520 --> 04:41:36.959
he was switched to paroxetine at an
equivalent dose, as this first drug significantly

3218
04:41:37.119 --> 04:41:41.520
slows appetite. Since there was no
anxiety picture, no sedative was prescribed,

3219
04:41:42.200 --> 04:41:48.479
they were only suffocated to sleep.
With regard to psychotherapy, he was given

3220
04:41:48.560 --> 04:41:52.840
very operational guidelines of behavior, simple
that he should put into practice under the

3221
04:41:52.919 --> 04:41:57.759
presence and tutelage of his brother and
as part of the sociotherapy. He was

3222
04:41:57.799 --> 04:42:02.799
advised to attend group psychotherapy once a
week with people about his age, overcoming

3223
04:42:02.840 --> 04:42:07.080
his strong resistances, as well as
often going out with his brother and quoting

3224
04:42:07.200 --> 04:42:11.520
nephews. Not being alone all day
without doing almost anything and watching the television

3225
04:42:11.639 --> 04:42:19.319
of depression, slowly improved. He
managed to come to group therapy, accompanied

3226
04:42:19.439 --> 04:42:22.639
by his brother, as if he
were a young boy going to school for

3227
04:42:22.799 --> 04:42:27.119
the first time, although in the
first three sessions he hardly spoke. Little

3228
04:42:27.119 --> 04:42:30.680
by little, he began to participate
something and he was more willing to collaborate

3229
04:42:30.799 --> 04:42:37.560
with the medical team, although very
much to trailer concogera affectiva beings. With

3230
04:42:37.680 --> 04:42:44.000
justice and Cretzmer stated that the people
of this group suffer an affective limp.

3231
04:42:45.080 --> 04:42:48.799
Psychoanalysis usually attributes the origin of these
disorders to some childhood trauma or impact that

3232
04:42:48.880 --> 04:42:53.840
has left an indelible mark marking all
behavior. Two, on the other hand,

3233
04:42:55.240 --> 04:42:59.240
he urged Fairba in a thousand nine
hundred and fifty- two revealed two

3234
04:42:59.319 --> 04:43:04.119
very particular symptoms, depersonalization and derealization, which means that these individuals are observers,

3235
04:43:04.799 --> 04:43:10.639
but not participants in the life around
them. Therefore, when no treatment

3236
04:43:10.720 --> 04:43:14.759
is applied, the passage of the
years makes the disorder chronic, strengthening its

3237
04:43:15.040 --> 04:43:22.680
roots and hindering its eradication. The
schizoid personality is going to make a good

3238
04:43:22.759 --> 04:43:26.119
breeding ground so that there, in
that way of being prospers. Asome c

3239
04:43:26.200 --> 04:43:36.520
give a schizophrenic chapter nine, an
extravagant psychology. Still within group A of

3240
04:43:36.599 --> 04:43:42.000
the classification of the DSM four we
find the modality of eccentrics. They draw

3241
04:43:42.040 --> 04:43:47.720
attention to their rare and scruffy external
appearance. They talk about strange, intelligible

3242
04:43:47.799 --> 04:43:51.880
or magical things, being very frequent. Beliefs in telepathy, hidden powers,

3243
04:43:52.439 --> 04:43:59.720
chiromance, etc. They tend to
distort in an almost systematic way the perception

3244
04:43:59.720 --> 04:44:03.759
of reality, capturing the facts in
a very rare, very particular way,

3245
04:44:03.000 --> 04:44:07.240
regardless of the criteria of the people
around them. These are some of the

3246
04:44:07.360 --> 04:44:15.400
differential nuances. Schisotypic personality disorder belongs
to the spectrum of schizophrenia, which means

3247
04:44:15.400 --> 04:44:21.439
it is a good breeding ground for
the disease to thrive. Three are personality

3248
04:44:21.599 --> 04:44:25.319
disorders in which affective life is reduced
to minimal expression, with very poor social

3249
04:44:25.360 --> 04:44:32.880
and almost autistic relationships. The thought. The schizoid personality is schisotypic and the

3250
04:44:33.000 --> 04:44:40.439
personality by avoidance, the behavior of
the schisotypic individual is imbued with a psychological

3251
04:44:40.439 --> 04:44:45.159
atmosphere, rare, strange, bizarre, exotic, unsuited to the reality of

3252
04:44:45.240 --> 04:44:48.720
what is life and the cultural environment. This leads to a way of living

3253
04:44:48.720 --> 04:44:53.439
isolated, hollow, useless empty on
the margins of people and society, which

3254
04:44:53.439 --> 04:45:00.360
never allows to establish solid and stable
friendship relationships. Everything is erratic and imprecise.

3255
04:45:02.759 --> 04:45:07.479
In the few social relationships that the
schizotypic subject maintains, the most pronounced

3256
04:45:07.520 --> 04:45:11.560
characteristics are coldness and the sense of
remoteness. It is like being with an

3257
04:45:11.680 --> 04:45:18.959
aimless automaton, a kind of absent
presence manifests a profound disinterest in the affective

3258
04:45:18.000 --> 04:45:23.880
world. Feelings are improper to this
personality, as if they did not belong

3259
04:45:25.919 --> 04:45:29.840
to it in this field. Everything
is distance, a mist of difficult qualification

3260
04:45:29.919 --> 04:45:33.639
that invades and runs through his life. The marked distortion in the perception of

3261
04:45:33.720 --> 04:45:40.880
reality leads the schisotypic subject to a
curious degree of eccentricity. The stimulus response

3262
04:45:41.000 --> 04:45:47.240
relationship is inadequate, as it does
not pay attention to elective stimuli. Likewise,

3263
04:45:47.720 --> 04:45:51.240
it is wrong to codify and store
almost everything that enters through the senses.

3264
04:45:52.159 --> 04:45:55.840
That' s why, sooner or
later, people leave him alone.

3265
04:45:56.240 --> 04:46:02.439
Finally, to emphasize the constant depersonalized, as if they had no personality or

3266
04:46:02.560 --> 04:46:07.319
were empty, which leads them to
live without direction or direction. Early manifestation

3267
04:46:07.439 --> 04:46:14.639
of the disease the schisotypic personality manifests
itself already in adolescence or early youth.

3268
04:46:15.240 --> 04:46:22.680
K S. Kendlery Cols, one
thousand nine hundred and ninety- three,

3269
04:46:22.240 --> 04:46:26.279
demonstrated the risk of developing this disorder
in first- degree family members of the

3270
04:46:26.279 --> 04:46:30.919
sick. It has also been known
that it shares with schizophrenic disease some biological

3271
04:46:32.040 --> 04:46:36.919
characteristics, such as the increase in
the size of the cerebral ventricles and a

3272
04:46:37.040 --> 04:46:44.919
higher concentration of omobanyl acid in cerebrospinal
fluid. They are associated with a reduced

3273
04:46:45.000 --> 04:46:48.080
ability to track objects in the visual
field and some deterioration in hearing care.

3274
04:46:49.680 --> 04:46:53.520
In the same way that the tasks
of continuous execution to r L are less

3275
04:46:53.720 --> 04:47:00.200
fine three peanuts, one hundred and
ninety- nine. As we have already

3276
04:47:00.200 --> 04:47:04.720
mentioned, we are facing a personality
that strongly calls attention to its poverty in

3277
04:47:04.759 --> 04:47:10.040
the expression of affections, which leads
to an almost null social relationship already from

3278
04:47:10.119 --> 04:47:15.000
school, although accentuated in the beginnings
of labor history, an excessive, reserved

3279
04:47:15.080 --> 04:47:23.400
and fragmented behavior, almost insensitive criteria
for the diagnosis of personality. Schizotypic disorder.

3280
04:47:25.840 --> 04:47:30.000
Ah a general pattern of social and
interpersonal deficits associated with acute malaise and

3281
04:47:30.159 --> 04:47:36.919
a reduced capacity for personal relationships,
as well as cognitive or perceptive distortions and

3282
04:47:36.959 --> 04:47:41.439
eccentricities of behavior that begin at the
beginning of adulthood and occur in various contexts,

3283
04:47:41.040 --> 04:47:45.560
as indicated by five or more of
the following points, reference ideas,

3284
04:47:47.360 --> 04:47:52.680
excluding delusional ideas of reference, rare
beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and

3285
04:47:52.759 --> 04:47:56.799
is not consistent with subcultural norms,
for example, superstition, believing the clairvoyance

3286
04:47:56.919 --> 04:48:03.360
of epathy or sixth sense in children
and adolescents, strange fantasies or concerns,

3287
04:48:03.720 --> 04:48:11.159
unusual perceptive experiences, including bodily illusions, thought and rare language, for example,

3288
04:48:11.799 --> 04:48:18.880
vague circumstantial, metaphoric over elaborated or
stereotyped, suspicion or paranoid ideation inappropriate

3289
04:48:18.919 --> 04:48:30.840
or restricted affectivity, unusual behavior or
appearance, eccentric or peculiar lack of intimate

3290
04:48:30.880 --> 04:48:37.520
friends or distrust apart from first-
degree family members, excessive social anxiety that

3291
04:48:37.639 --> 04:48:42.759
does not diminish with familiarization and tends
to be associated with perenoid fears rather than

3292
04:48:42.799 --> 04:49:10.000
with negative judgments about one' s
own personality characteristics. Adding premorbid, for

3293
04:49:10.080 --> 04:49:17.319
example, disorder is premorbid personality.
The diagnosis is usually easy, because symptomatology

3294
04:49:17.400 --> 04:49:22.159
manifests itself clearly, although often the
problem lies in knowing if the subject has

3295
04:49:22.240 --> 04:49:27.360
gone a step further and we are
faced with an authentic schizophrenia. They are

3296
04:49:27.439 --> 04:49:33.240
determinants, the appearance of auditory hallucinations. The patient hears voices that speak to

3297
04:49:33.319 --> 04:49:37.479
him of his activity, either in
a dialogue, or in an imperative way,

3298
04:49:37.000 --> 04:49:41.680
the delirious experiences of self- reference, the interception of thought, having

3299
04:49:41.759 --> 04:49:47.520
the impression that his thoughts are being
controlled in some way. It is necessary

3300
04:49:47.599 --> 04:49:52.319
to determine whether the schizotypic is active
or passive, since the therapeutic orientation in

3301
04:49:52.439 --> 04:49:59.080
both cases changes considerably, as well
as the specific medication and correlaxants neurolectic antidepressants

3302
04:49:59.159 --> 04:50:03.799
derived from the pinna wave in low
doses, etc. Behavioral cognitive psychotherapy is

3303
04:50:03.880 --> 04:50:11.000
one of the ways to strengthen the
consciousness of disorder, which constitutes a fundamental

3304
04:50:11.000 --> 04:50:18.919
psychological goal. Another is to teach
him to enjoy a little of the simple

3305
04:50:18.959 --> 04:50:22.880
things of life by trying to learn
the importance of pleasure. Finally, we

3306
04:50:23.279 --> 04:50:27.720
must also work on cognitive distortions,
injuries and distortions in the perception of reality,

3307
04:50:27.880 --> 04:50:30.759
a task in which the ability of
the doctor or psychologist is tested.

3308
04:50:33.240 --> 04:50:37.720
It is not uncommon to observe PÉRENOIX
manifestations that complicate the case, as well

3309
04:50:37.840 --> 04:50:45.319
as avoidance behaviors. In short,
the schizoid personality appears before us as very

3310
04:50:45.400 --> 04:50:49.360
rare, strange, anomalous, curious, with great distancing in human relations.

3311
04:50:51.959 --> 04:50:55.880
The most finished expression is that of
central people who attract attention because it is

3312
04:50:56.040 --> 04:51:02.560
cold and does not connect with others. Ten. In Group B of the

3313
04:51:02.720 --> 04:51:07.119
4th century, the symptoms that constitute
the geography of the psychopath are explained.

3314
04:51:07.200 --> 04:51:12.159
Different denominations have been used to point
out this disorder, which shows a conduct

3315
04:51:12.240 --> 04:51:17.319
against the general rules established by society, which often leads to marginalization, crime

3316
04:51:17.360 --> 04:51:23.720
or illegality. When it comes to
a dangerous individual, his or her hospitalization

3317
04:51:23.799 --> 04:51:30.360
is often necessary. The psychopath rarely
comes to the psychiatrist except for the pressure

3318
04:51:30.479 --> 04:51:34.279
or blackmail of a first- degree
relative. There are two reasons for this.

3319
04:51:34.720 --> 04:51:38.000
He has no awareness of anything abnormal
happening to him. Therefore, he

3320
04:51:38.400 --> 04:51:42.360
does not need any kind of assistance
and understands that society has placed him in

3321
04:51:42.400 --> 04:51:48.720
a context of crime and violence from
which PEPI must protect itself in the one

3322
04:51:48.799 --> 04:51:52.720
thousand eight hundred six can be considered
one of the pioneers both in freeing the

3323
04:51:52.799 --> 04:51:57.720
mentally ill from chains and in using
psychotherapy to cure certain sufferings. Being the

3324
04:51:57.759 --> 04:52:03.439
introducer of the experimental us method.
The concept of constitutive anomaly of personality comes

3325
04:52:03.599 --> 04:52:10.080
from the description of mania without delirium
eg required in one thousand eight hundred twenty

3326
04:52:10.240 --> 04:52:14.560
- three referred to impulsive monomania,
while seeing amore. In a thousand eight

3327
04:52:14.639 --> 04:52:19.319
hundred and twenty- eight he called
it the madness of the degenerates and finally,

3328
04:52:19.479 --> 04:52:25.040
j Prichard Street one eight hundred and
thirty- five made famous the expression

3329
04:52:25.080 --> 04:52:29.479
moonshner and moralist and cranquete in German
to allude to moral madmen or people without

3330
04:52:29.599 --> 04:52:32.279
feelings that cannot be controlled and whose
ethics is minimal. However, reactions against

3331
04:52:32.319 --> 04:52:37.759
this way of understanding psychiatry led to
two great French doctors J. Falretti W.

3332
04:52:38.000 --> 04:52:42.200
Griesinger to deny the existence of that
ethical madness. Despite the constitutionalist theories

3333
04:52:42.279 --> 04:52:48.680
of V magnan one hundred and eighty- nine, many others continued this investigation.

3334
04:52:48.080 --> 04:52:53.799
Dupre author of the psychopathic constitutions a
thousand nine hundred and twelve, Hertznar

3335
04:52:53.880 --> 04:53:00.040
in the psychopathic personalities a thousand nine
hundred and twenty- three and a thousand

3336
04:53:00.080 --> 04:53:02.279
nine hundred and fifty, Calle borel
el desec sono el briopsiquico a thousand nine

3337
04:53:02.279 --> 04:53:03.479
hundred and forty- seven. O
P. Bernard says Brisset that in his

3338
04:53:03.599 --> 04:53:10.759
Treaty of Psychiatry one thousand nine hundred
and sixty- five, they exposed the

3339
04:53:10.799 --> 04:53:15.439
essential characteristics of these patients under the
name clinical problems posed by the perverse constitutional,

3340
04:53:17.040 --> 04:53:19.520
those who have sexual perversions and the
drug addicts. As early as the

3341
04:53:19.759 --> 04:53:25.959
19th century, Maideth had qualified this
group as moral invalids have no moral sense

3342
04:53:26.000 --> 04:53:33.439
and its subversive conduct is constantly dominated
by perverse tendencies and malignity. In the

3343
04:53:33.520 --> 04:53:37.680
United States, benjumen Bash used the
expression of innate moral pravity to point out

3344
04:53:37.720 --> 04:53:42.479
the inability to control and govern the
drives without losing judgment and reasoning. In

3345
04:53:42.560 --> 04:53:47.200
England he went to Chimousley one thousand
eight hundred seventy. The first to refer

3346
04:53:47.200 --> 04:53:51.159
to the existence of a brain center
in which natural feelings reside and that would

3347
04:53:51.200 --> 04:53:55.639
be responsible for this type of disorder
one, but it is due to him

3348
04:53:55.759 --> 04:53:59.720
repelling the term psychopathic personality, which
today is of common use at the tops

3349
04:53:59.799 --> 04:54:07.119
of the world theater. Although French
tradition also speaks of unbalanced personality and Cripeling

3350
04:54:07.319 --> 04:54:11.040
nineteen thousand fifty- two describes psychopaths
as people without affection and without will,

3351
04:54:11.200 --> 04:54:18.360
two serious shortcomings that prevent governing one' s psychology. For k Hendrys in

3352
04:54:18.479 --> 04:54:22.040
nineteen hundred and thirty- nine,
the highlight of this behavior, of its

3353
04:54:22.119 --> 04:54:27.319
markedly antisocial and incorrigible character on his
part, ch Cletke a thousand nine hundred

3354
04:54:27.360 --> 04:54:33.720
and fifty- nine, proposed the
following definition highly asocial, aggressive and impulsive

3355
04:54:33.040 --> 04:54:37.799
person, who sometimes lacks not entirely
feelings of guilt and who is unable to

3356
04:54:37.880 --> 04:54:44.759
create lasting bonds of affection with other
people. Research in the Anglo- Saxon

3357
04:54:44.799 --> 04:54:49.560
countries has focused heavily on whether it
is hereditary or reactive. Maux a thousand

3358
04:54:49.639 --> 04:54:55.560
nine hundred forty- one, Keren
a thousand nine hundred forty- four,

3359
04:54:56.000 --> 04:55:00.240
Claicley a thousand nine hundred forty-
four, Pen Rose a thousand nine hundred

3360
04:55:00.360 --> 04:55:06.439
forty- seven, Benhab Men a
thousand nine hundred forty- eight, Darling

3361
04:55:06.520 --> 04:55:10.560
Dilandall a thousand nine hundred fifty-
four, is Later a thousand nine hundred

3362
04:55:10.560 --> 04:55:10.560
fifty- five and a thousand nine
hundred seventy- four, and so on.

3363
04:55:11.599 --> 04:55:15.959
All these authors insist on the existence
of a pattern of irresponsible behavior,

3364
04:55:15.319 --> 04:55:23.279
devoid of feelings of guilt that has
become chronic the treatment possible against the assertion

3365
04:55:23.319 --> 04:55:29.000
of many psychiatrists and psychologists that the
psychopath has no cure. Today we know

3366
04:55:29.119 --> 04:55:33.400
that with early social biosytic treatment some
positive results can be achieved. In other

3367
04:55:33.400 --> 04:55:37.439
words, these subjects can be brought
closer to the normality band according to mental

3368
04:55:37.560 --> 04:55:45.119
health criteria. Consider the following clinical
case in the consultation a woman of fifty

3369
04:55:45.599 --> 04:55:48.919
- four years old widow, mother
of three children of eighteen, twenty-

3370
04:55:49.119 --> 04:55:52.400
three and two, of medium low
socioeconomic level. He lives off his pension.

3371
04:55:52.680 --> 04:55:56.840
Although the eldest of the daughters works
and contributes her salary to the house.

3372
04:55:56.919 --> 04:56:00.159
I' m here to consult for
my son. He tells us he

3373
04:56:00.279 --> 04:56:03.439
doesn' t want to come.
My daughters and I have gone through a

3374
04:56:03.560 --> 04:56:07.439
public mental health center, but the
doctor and psychologist who took care of us

3375
04:56:07.479 --> 04:56:11.080
told us that the treatment was very
difficult and that they took the case for

3376
04:56:11.240 --> 04:56:17.279
granted. Why do you think he' s not well psychologically and needs help?

3377
04:56:17.599 --> 04:56:22.360
I ask you, you have a
way of being very violent. He

3378
04:56:22.439 --> 04:56:26.720
mistreats his sisters. Their language is
harsh, terrible and when they catch their

3379
04:56:26.759 --> 04:56:30.919
attention, they threaten them with a
knife telling them that one night they will

3380
04:56:30.040 --> 04:56:34.560
be raped. His friends are very
rare. Many are drugged and dressed in

3381
04:56:34.680 --> 04:56:41.080
black leather jackets and painted hair.
He had to leave school at the age

3382
04:56:41.200 --> 04:56:45.759
of thirteen because he didn' t
go to class, although he had bad

3383
04:56:45.959 --> 04:56:49.639
grades since he was nine or ten
years old. He was expelled from two

3384
04:56:49.759 --> 04:56:56.759
schools, in one for stealing money
and in the other for his very aggressive

3385
04:56:56.759 --> 04:57:02.159
behavior. Tell me some anecdote with
creta. I don' t know where

3386
04:57:02.159 --> 04:57:04.080
to start. There' s a
lot of them. I think he has

3387
04:57:04.159 --> 04:57:10.240
always been a difficult, complicated,
envious child with reactions that everyone at home

3388
04:57:10.360 --> 04:57:14.840
feared I remember that at fourteen years
old his father, who still lived,

3389
04:57:15.159 --> 04:57:18.599
told him that he was very upset
by his behavior and that he only gave

3390
04:57:18.680 --> 04:57:22.720
us problems and he threatened him.
Be very careful with me because one day

3391
04:57:22.799 --> 04:57:30.119
I' ll kill you don'
t forget it and I' ll stay

3392
04:57:30.520 --> 04:57:33.759
so calm that you know it A
year earlier I had bought about two small

3393
04:57:33.759 --> 04:57:37.080
cats. I saw how he drowned
one, and when I asked him why

3394
04:57:37.279 --> 04:57:41.400
he was doing that, he said
to me that I wanted no further explanation.

3395
04:57:44.279 --> 04:57:47.880
It has been many times that he
has not come home to sleep past

3396
04:57:47.880 --> 04:57:52.159
days, without giving signs of life
and has no feelings. When his father

3397
04:57:52.279 --> 04:57:56.720
died, he said I knew he
was going to die. It' s

3398
04:57:56.840 --> 04:58:02.200
the best thing for everyone. He
did not shed a tear and the next

3399
04:58:02.279 --> 04:58:04.040
day he left with his friends and
was away from home for two days.

3400
04:58:06.159 --> 04:58:11.279
My daughters are traumatized. We live
in fear thinking where aggressiveness will come from.

3401
04:58:12.799 --> 04:58:15.279
I, as a mother, don' t know what to do with

3402
04:58:15.279 --> 04:58:19.400
it. I' ve often wondered
if it' s my fault for not

3403
04:58:19.520 --> 04:58:22.799
giving him any more affection, but
my daughters say it' s with him

3404
04:58:22.880 --> 04:58:26.159
that I' ve turned the most. It' ll be some childhood trauma.

3405
04:58:27.319 --> 04:58:33.200
His father did nothing but work.
He was a good man at the

3406
04:58:33.279 --> 04:58:34.840
end of his life. They didn' t talk to each other. The

3407
04:58:34.919 --> 04:58:40.080
picture is very hard and I'
m getting more and more nervous. I

3408
04:58:40.119 --> 04:58:44.560
have frequent clashes with my daughters,
because they think I should be much tougher

3409
04:58:44.680 --> 04:58:48.119
with him. We all think something
serious can happen.